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1. Pour parvenir a les concilier dans le respect des droits de l homme il faut ordonner le pluralisme sans pour autant emp cher de contextualiser l universalisme Certaines techniques juridiques comme la marge nationale d appr ciation ou encore le principe des responsabilit s communes mais diff renci es peuvent contribuer ce rapprochement qui va plus loin que la juxtaposition et moins que la fusion Enfin une troisi me r ponse rel ve de l thique pour viter a la fois le relativisme et l imp rialisme des valeurs il faut une dynamique interactive et volutive Le rapprochement doit tre compris comme un processus un mouvement qui incite d passer les m taphores fixistes les DH comme fondations socles piliers ou encore racines des diverses cultures D o l int r t de se repr senter les droits de l homme comme langage commun de l humanit Le langage sugg re trois processus allant de la coordination par l change dialogue l harmonisation qui recherche des quivalences dans le respect des diff rences traduction et m me l unification par transformation r ciproque cr olisation En conclusion la voie du rapprochement des cultures devrait permettre de r sister au relativisme et l imp rialisme et de concilier universalisme des droits de l homme et le pluralisme des cultures Face l in vitable compression de la masse humaine c est une voie vers l humanisation
2. Another type of coexistence is that where there is a minimum of acquaintance and reciprocal tolerance It is the first step up in the range of minimalism An appropriate metaphor is that of a couple who are no longer in love but are living apart under the same roof If we add the adjective peaceful the coexistence becomes active in the sense that each knows the other or wants to get to know the other in order to share a value paradigm and possibly go ahead with a joint project then peace making coexistence It should be remembered that the expression peaceful coexistence also has a precise historical meaning It refers to the thaw in relations between the Eastern Bloc and the West which began in the early 1960s All in all it was a positive experience if one considers that despite alternating moments of regression and marked conflict with moments of positive exchanges it paved the way for the Helsinki Process culminating in the 1975 Final Act and its relative follow up meetings until they were finally institutionalized in the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe The series of conferences on the Human Dimension were particularly productive their common reference being to principles VII and VIII of the Helsinki Act concerning human rights and the rights of peoples respectively This practice nurtured the shoots in a fertile seedbed of freedom and democracy through reciprocal information sharing an
3. Nous sommes et nous restons autistes L vidence des fractures chaque jour plus profondes et plus conqu rantes s impose a tous dans le fracas du drame mais on ne veut pas le savoir Les causes de cette r gression en Palestine en Irak en Syrie ne font myst re pour personne mais on pr f re aller voir ailleurs Nos religions sont prises en otages instrumentalis es abus es trahies Mais l aussi on s en accommode en privil giant le confort illusoire d une causalit religieuse appos e des conflits politiques dont on veut lire l explication dans les livres saints acceptant ainsi de rechercher une solution dict e par la religion l o la r alit la rationalit et la v rit imposent une r ponse politique des conflits qui ne sont que politiques Rien ne serait plus dangereux que de travestir le r el de ne pas accepter d tre confront avec ce temps qui est le n tre aujourd hui et cette r gression et j insiste sur ce mot dont nous sommes collectivement responsables J prouve tr s souvent un sentiment de culpabilit vis vis de ceux qui veulent bien m couter car jusqu pr sent j ai eu tendance les rassurer et j ai eu tort Je crois qu il faut sortir de ce confort et de ce mode de pens e acad mique et conventionnel Lui aussi est archa que lui aussi n a plus droit de cit Il faut qu il y ait rupture si nous voulons pour demain repartir la reconqu te de la raison Je n ai vid
4. wrote Victoria Ocampo For its part Ombu will be aimed at strengthening capacities and work with reference indicators in the field of culture and intercultural dialogue Through the promotion of training courses the preparation of new approaches to complex regional challenges regarding heritage and cultural diversity will be encouraged I believe in education and that all must be given equal opportunities wrote Victoria Ocampo There are those who will take advantage of them and those who won t this is another matter In this way all that will be left among men will be real and insurmountable differences Because men are different and have different aptitudes Even the leaves on a same branch are different Finally one of the Victoria Ocampo s essential features was her capacity to stimulate the development of a creative vocation among those around her and to promote dialogue and interaction between cultures This dual purpose was one the reasons that encouraged her to found the Sur magazine in 1931 and as she herself said our magazine and our publishing house have made known a great number of writers from all the countries But Sur has attempted not only to introduce in South America the best of the world s liberal arts It has attempted to take a reverse path That is to say to take our culture to the world With perseverance it has contributed to making known what is outstanding in Argentina Through th
5. affirm e d influencer de dominer et d exploiter un p le socioculturel par un autre Tout besoin mal satisfait inspire la chasse et la pr dation Andr Leroi Gourhan parlera m me de guerre biologique Ce ne sont donc pas les cultures en elles m mes qui s affrontent Des int r ts non culturels se servent de la culture pour concevoir organiser et mener des exp ditions qui peuvent tre des annexions territoriales des croisades religieuses ou des guerres conomiques Ainsi les rencontres des cultures sont le plus souvent des rencontres de prise avant de devenir quand cela arrive des opportunit s de partage n est pas indiff rent que de ce point de vue l Occident ou le Nord se soit prioritairement identifi et constitu comme March Commun Morphologie sociale Mais les dispositions mentales d un peuple en faveur de la convivialit ou sa propension a conflictualit s observent dans ce que Durkheim a appel la morphologie sociale Durkheim Le ressort psychosocial pour ainsi le principe actif de la soci t occidentale que d crivent d minents penseurs s inspire d H raclite d Eph se pour qui la confrontation l affrontement ou le conflit explique la marche du monde et de toutes choses Et dans l histoire cette Charly Gabriel Mbock Page 5 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 morphologie et sa dynamique agoni
6. This law includes two branches i the law organizing migration and sanctioning unauthorized population movements and ii the law protecting migrants The first branch of migration law is mainly domestic law enacted by states to regulate and manage migration while the second branch is especially international and concerns the protection of migrants it is included in various international treaties and declarations that states ratify and refer to Now the Convention of 18 December 1990 on the Protection of All Migrant Workers and the Members of their Families is considered as the convention protecting all migrants Thus even though this convention aims at protecting migrant workers it came to be considered as the Charter of all migrants It is more and more referred to for protecting the different categories of migrants and guarantee their human rights This is why the 18th of December the day of the adoption of this Convention has been proclaimed as the International Migrants Day by the United Nations As human beings migrants are entitled to enjoy human rights and notably cultural rights These cultural rights are included in many international legal instruments particularly in the 16th December 1966 International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights The preamble of this covenant declares that recognizing the rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom justice and peace in the world The same p
7. des responsabilit s communes mais diff renci es pour le droit du commerce et de l environnement conv Rio 1992 La marge nationale ne concerne pas tous les droits mais ceux qui sont assortis de restrictions dont l appr ciation selon CEDH rel ve d abord des autorit s nationales Ex le blasph me et la libert d expression La CEDH consid re la libert d expression comme pilier de la d mocratie m me pour des id es qui heurtent choquent ou inqui tent un Etat ou une partie de la population Elle juge Mireille Delmas Marty Page 3 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 que la notion de blasph me vague et volutive risque de porter une atteinte arbitraire ou excessive a la libert d expression Mais elle admet que le but invoqu la protection de la morale et des convictions religieuses rel ve d abord des autorit s nationales auxquelles la Cour reconna t une marge nationale d appr ciation elle na condamn ni l Autriche 1994 ni le RU 1996 pour la censure de films jug s blasph matoires ni la Turquie 2005 malgr l amende c diteur d un livre jug injurieux pour la religion musulmane Le principe des responsabilit s communes mais diff renci es s applique notamment la lutte contre le changement climatique conv Rio 1992 Ce principe est souvent mal compris parce que la convention se limite
8. hui y compris pour les Etats les plus sophistiqu s dot s des meilleurs services de renseignements de pr vision et d analyse d aller vers un sc nario alternatif qui serait celui d un regard lucide cr dible et thique pour retrouver la capacit de vivre ensemble et la volont de r sister ensemble Andr Azoulay Page 3
9. interstitielle pour l av nement d une nouvelle civilisation fond e sur une culture du rapprochement L av nement de cette nouvelle civilisation commande de e Renoncer au complot ambiant d uniformisation et d homog n isation du monde inspir du totalitarisme conomique qui son tour engendre le totalitarisme ou l h g monisme culturel e Structurer les distances culturelles pour rapprocher les cultures Porcs pics de Schopenhauer Le Paradoxe des fronti res e Socialiser l conomie en d carc rant le social du financiarisme conomique e R concilier les peuples et l Histoire en soldant quelques comptes socioculturels e Recourir par une arch ologie pist mologique aux puissances de la caverne dont les morphologies sociales de l Afrique et de l Occident originels offrent des illustrations mod lisantes Car si ailleurs les trag dies humaines conduisent des proc s comme Nuremberg en Afrique ces trag dies d bouchent sur une Charly Gabriel Mbock Page 1 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 Commission V rit et R conciliation Afrique du Sud ou sur les Gatchatchas Rwanda pour restaurer le Cercle du consensus et de la coh sion sociale par le dialogue interculturel e Organiser des P les r gionaux de Recherche et Plaidoyers pour le Dialogue des cultures e Diligenter une p dagogie des passerelles pour l av
10. les sensibiliser et les impliquer dans des programmes de promotion de l acc s des femmes la sant de la reproduction au planning familial ou la pr vention du sida Des pr tres des imams des repr sentants des populations autochtones sont int gr s simultan ment ces activit s de fa on faire de ces acteurs des agents du d veloppement et promouvoir le dialogue entre les repr sentants de ces diff rentes fois Ex Framework for dialogue with faith based leaders leading to a consultation with them in Asia Pacific on MSM and transgender people en allant chercher ce sur quoi dans les traditions culturelles et religieuses le changement social peut s appuyer Il s agit en quelque sorte d envisager le d veloppement sous le prisme de la culture de ne plus dissocier l un et l autre et au contraire de mettre l un au service de l autre De la m me fa on dans le domaine du d veloppement durable DESA a cherch mettre en exergue ce qui dans les grandes traditions culturelles promeut l harmonie des hommes avec la nature de fa on sensibiliser la dimension environnementale du d veloppement durable et a trouver des relais d opinion dans un domaine o le changement social n intervient pas au rythme voulu compte tenu des enjeux C est particuli rement le cas chez les peuples autochtones et ceci s est d j traduit en Am rique latine par exemple par la reconnaissance de droits opposables inscrits dans la
11. As the subsequent facts prove 1991 marked the beginning of decades blighted by the easy war syndrome a sort of metastatic cancer the empirical proof of which shows among other things that wars can be unleashed with criminal nonchalance but they are no longer won and that a new international order is no longer born of victory on the battlefield The practice of peaceful coexistence through intercultural dialogue cannot ignore the question of world order There are plenty of diagnoses of the current situation but they are missing the prescriptions and their plan Antonio Papisca Page 2 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 It is as if there were widespread modesty on the subject which ends up becoming paralysed in the bog of diagnostic liquidity Talking of liquidity it is not all liquid there are solids too international human rights law and the shared homes maisons communes represented by the multilateral organizations at global and regional level from the United Nations down The metaphor is that of a world which is a house full of highly sophisticated and useful appliances yet these are seldom or never used As concerns the project for world order there is little need to invent new things it is a question of being brave enough to put together the pieces of a mosaic for which there is a clear pattern and to which there is no alternative but the current worl
12. Constitution la Pachama la terre nourrici re droits qui peuvent tre invoqu s pour pr server l environnement En r alit le rapprochement culturel est pertinent aujourd hui aussi bien 1 dans la qu te de la paix et de la s curit internationale comme le montrent galement les menaces internationales que constituent le terrorisme et l extr misme violent 2 la promotion et le respect des droit de l homme qui recouvrent la promotion des droits culturels et dont l effectivit suppose que le relativisme culturel maille pas limiter la port e le droit intl des droits de l homme et 3 le d veloppement durable dans ses 3 composantes Ces trois dimensions sont les piliers de l ONU Il appartient aujourd hui l Organisation de les connecter davantage la dimension culturelle Mobiliser pour assurer le lien entre r gles internationales et l gislations nationales Les organisations internationales sont productrices de normes de droit M me s il s agit de soft law ces textes ont une r sonnance dans la soci t civile par le biais des milieux associatifs ONG qui sont impliqu s de par leur militantisme dans ce travail normatif ou encore par l action des organisations internationales sur le terrain ou le travail de reforme l gislative entrepris par les gouvernements pour se conformer des r gles universelles Les Ol ne peuvent elles seules faire ce travail de mise en relation des r gles internationales avec les droits
13. DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 differences et d en partir pour g n rer des convergences loin de tout h g monisme socioculturel Il faut donc atterrir Apres avoir lu des livres et apr s en avoir publi s il devient urgent de lire la soci t pour r crire concr tement le monde 2 2 gt J Wa Source internet La solidarit du pr tendu village plan taire est illusoire parce que notre village n est pas plan taire S il l avait t nous n aurions pas tant d riv en quittant les puissances de la caverne valeurs qui inspirent cette circularit culturelle qu on observe dans les structures sociales des cultures africaines et occidentales originelles La plan te Terre reste cependant notre village L enjeu est de la r inscrire dans la culture du rapprochement par esprit de passerelles pour que les ilots humains et culturels confectionnent des radeaux pour rejoindre les autres les de l archipel humain Cela revient passer du rapprochement des cultures la culture du rapprochement Un saut civilisationnel aussi qualitatif revient renoncer aux postures d annexions culturelles d exclusions sociales ou de juxtapositions d incommunication au profit d une patiente structuration d une socialit d inclusion sur la base d une reconnaissance n goci e dans une interaction sociale gain partag en d passement des contrainte
14. In sum all actions and activities should work towards mutual acceptance of people pluralism of cultures and the development of a universal global consciousness free from racial ethnic and social prejudices Khadija Elmadmad Page 5 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE PLE VE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 SESSION 2 Promoting diversity for peaceful coexistence Marco Mascia Director Human Rights Centre University of Padua The European Union dialogues policy to contribute to intercultural dialogue The EU dialogues policy The European Union EU is an example of actor in dialogue within itself and worldwide it is an example of institutional facilitator of intercultural dialogue In the EU dialogue is both a means and an end a value and an objective a law and a policy When speaking about dialogue one refers to the current practice of relations between the European institutions on the one hand and the social partners social dialogue civil society organizations civil dialogue countries outside the EU or third countries regional groups and international institutions political dialogue and human rights dialogue on the other Intercultural dialogue has turned into an important element of EU action that involves both public authorities and civil society as a whole and contributes to a number of strategic priorities such as the promotion of cultural diversity solidarity social just
15. THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE PLE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 SESSION 3 Intercultural dialogue social justice and resource sharing Vladimir Kulikov Executive Director World Public Forum Dialogue of Civilizations Mr Vladimir Kulikov shared initiatives including 1 School of dialogue of the World Forum Dialogue of Civilizations as part of the private education system in China and Serbia and already succeeding in Russian Federation 2 Online courses on dialogue of civilizations for researchers and students of international relations which the World Forum Dialogue of Civilizations would like to share internationally 3 The up coming 13 Rhodes Forum on Dialogue Civilizations 8 to 12 October 2015 He concluded with the interest for coordinating research and activities of the World Forum Dialogue of Civilizations under the auspices of UNESCO within the framework of the International Decade for the Rapprochement of Cultures Vladimir Kulikov Page 1 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 SESSION 4 Processus m moriaux reconstruction et r conciliation Ali Moussa lye Chef de section Historie et M moire pour le Dialogue Secteur de la Culture UNESCO Notre session de ce matin poursuit la r flexion entam e hier sur les modalit s et les conditions du rapprochement des cultures mais en s int re
16. ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 on the notion of our common humanity to more critical approaches based on human rights norms and the principle of social justice Arguably intercultural approaches based on the principle of respect for cultural diversity represent a median approach It fits well with the mandate of UNESCO and the spirit of the International Decade for the Rapprochement of Cultures in which the value of pluralism can be the focus of citizenship education Encouraging policy dialogue on foundational principles for education Rethinking Education Towards a global common good 2015 puts forward two main arguments 1 Countering dominant development discourse by reaffirming a humanistic vision of education We must go beyond the strictly utilitarian vision and the human capital approach that characterizes much of international development discourse Such discourse is all too often framed in the language of human capital return on investment human resource development What does a humanistic vision of education and development imply An integrated approach to education that gives equal importance to the economic social cultural and civic dimensions of learning as reflected in the four pillars of learning to know to do to be and to live together Delors et al 1996 Reaffirming a set of universal ethical principles that should be the foundation of an integrated approach to the purpose and governance o
17. and beyond The governance structures of culturally diverse democratic societies should be strengthened and individual decision making procedures and policies made more transparent All citizens should be informed of and be involved in the public debate Therefore the role of culture and education as cohesive and binding element for society building is vital While drawing attention to common roots and values as well as to difference and diversity the aims must be to develop a spirit of tolerance dialogue and mutual learning towards other people and cultures This should be favoured at formal informal and non formal levels of learning Human Civitas as an Economic and Social Community The driving force behind integration and cooperation mechanisms has often been exclusively economic though it has become clear that achievement in this field alone is insufficient for identity and citizenship building Therefore the social dimension of community building is an essential aspect of the Human Civitas and would lead for reasons of internal and external solidarity to sustainably cohesive societies Multi level governance structures not only directed to economic financial and environmental issues but also to social educational cultural and human rights issues are therefore central to a responsible Human Civitas in the present confusing times Human Civitas as a Community of Purpose and Responsibility In today s globalizing and individualising
18. and researchers have pointed to the possibilities and consequences of a rise in sea levels and extreme weather drought disease food scarcity and the migration of human populations on a huge scale How will this affect the possibility for rapprochement Will cultural collectives come together under exceptional catastrophic circumstances Will there be a convergence on principles or needs Or on the contrary will environmental stress and competition heighten division and conflict The impact of both climate change and the instruments for mitigating and adapting to it remain ultimately uncertain yet it is nevertheless crucial to attend to these questions while considering the possibilities for intercultural dialogue democratic enhancement and pluralist frameworks Amanda Machin Page 1 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 SESSION 3 La dialogue interculturel la justice sociale et le partage des ressources Charly Gabriel Mbock Anthropologue Universit s d Afrique Centrale UCAC amp UPAC Pr sident du Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires sur les strat gies socio culturelles Approcher les soci t s rapprocher les cultures du Rapprochement des cultures a une Culture du rapprochement Apr s une br ve analyse des concepts et du d fi pist mologique qu ils impliquent il appara t que l UNESCO en conscience des nations interpelle l expert
19. by the aforesaid UNESCO Convention article 4 point 8 definition of Interculturality The human rights paradigm extols the life and dignity of all members of the human family It is hardly necessary to point out that war not only causes the violation of all human rights but it kills the original holders of those rights it is a collective death sentence This is why the intercultural dialogue agenda must necessarily include the issue of world order together with that of citizenship and social cohesion at the local level Article 28 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides us with a general framework when it states that everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized This rule implicitly contains the definition of positive peace which is built along a road which leads from the city up to the United Nations The current examples of city diplomacy illustrate the effort being devoted to building peace from below bottom up peace not against but in support of the good diplomacy of states The on the ground experience of building bridges between the different cultures present in cities starting from the supreme right to life and from the basic needs of all the people who live there constitutes a fundamental resource which can help translate the logical interconnection between social order and international order as i
20. ce v cu qui semble pr valoir dans les peuples o le clan est le noyau de l organisation sociale 1 Soulign par nous Charly Gabriel Mbock Page 6 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 La morphologie sociale de l Afrique culturelle rappelle cependant l Occident culturel mais un Occident tel que la Gr ce antique la repr sente ici et l il existe un espace civique circonscrit des structures du pouvoir et des institutions de gouvernance au fonctionnement et aux attributions d finies comme le Tribunal des H liastes Jacqueline de Romilly souligne que es diff rentes tribus y sont repr sent es galit C taient de petits centres territoriaux ayant chacun leur vie municipale et leur administration locale avec ses magistrats ses assembl es ses d crets p 28 Les morphologies sociales originelles de deux h misph res se caract risent par le sens du partage dans la concertation Elles constituent ce fonds humain imputrescible que Michael Dertouzos 1997 invite retrouver et qu il appelle les puissances de la Caverne Il s agit de ces aspirations fondamentales les principes d existence et de survie qu on trouve la naissance des peuples et qui balisent souterrainement leur parcours travers les ges Ces nergies primitives jouent un r le plus important qu il n y para t Ce sont les forces magiques qu
21. chr tiens se seraient naturellement pos s la m me question Aujourd hui nous sommes confront s l chec Un chec que nous habillons tous les jours de forums de mots de discours d experts qui nous disent effectivement et ils ont tous raison qu il faut plus d ducation plus de mieux tre pour faire face ce choc qui est celui de nos ignorances plus que celui de nos civilisations Tout cela est vrai mais je pense justement ce temps qui n est pas celui de l ge de pierre qui date seulement de 40 ou 50 ans Il y avait alors moins d ducation il y avait moins de mieux tre il y avait moins de technologies de l information qui nous permettent d tre reli s connect s et inform s les uns sur les autres Et pourtant nous tions en ces temps pas si lointains plus modernes simplement parce que nous savions vivre ensemble en cultivant au quotidien le respect mutuel l alt rit et la curiosit de l autre Le groupe de travail que l UNESCO a pris la responsabilit de constituer pour donner ses meilleures chances cette d cennie du rapprochement des cultures se doit cet gard de privil gier le langage de la v rit du r alisme et de la lucidit On ne peut plus chercher dans le d bat acad mique et intellectuel le refuge ou l alibi qui nous autoriserait a faire l impasse sur le profond recul thique et moral que vivent nos soci t s nos Etats nos peuples J ai eu le privil ge d appartenir
22. culturelle du monde et le fait que toutes les cultures et civilisations peuvent contribuer au d veloppement durable sur les objectifs ensuite celui consacr l ducation goal 4 by 2030 integrate into education programs knowledge and skills for promoting a culture of peace and non violence and culture s contribution to sustainable development sur les sustainable consumption and production patterns goal 12 by 2030 develop and implement planing and monitoring tools for sustainable tourism which creates jobs promote local culture and products and safeguards the world s cultural and natural heritage goal 16 achieve peaceful and inclusive societies prior informed consensnt of indigenous and local communities in decision making and natural resources management and promote the use of their traditional knowledge and culture Cela signifie qu on est en train de d passer le relativisme culturel que les Etats acceptent de prendre en compte cette dimension souvent jug e suspecte dans le pass dans le discours sur le d veloppement la d cennie doit jouer son r le pour f d rer des actions dans ces diff rents domaines c est ce en quoi elle est strat gique pour le syst me onusien et bien au dela Marc Andr Dorel Page 3 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 SESSION 1 Pourquoi un Rapprochement des cultures Etat
23. de travailleurs Une solution commune ne peut tre d velopp e seulement sur la base d une compr hension minimale commune de la situation Celle ci a t obtenue partir d enqu te accompagn e de groupes foacaux Des projets pilotes n cessitent aussi de faire une valuation des besoins et des capacit s des partenaires Comme l exp rience se poursuite il est sans doute trop t t pour faire le point sur les premiers r sultats Etablir la confiance est un l ment essentiel Cela impose aussi aux organisations internationales de revoir leur positionnement Elles ne peuvent pas tre des donneuses de le on ou simplement fournir de l expertise Elles doivent v ritablement accompagner leurs partenaires dans la recherche de solutions pertinentes Elles doivent aussi trouver une juste adaptation de leurs m thodes de travail celles de leurs partenaires Finalement je crois que l exp rience est vraiment porteuse de sens Elle ram ne l OIT l intuition de ses fondateurs Dans de nombreuses soci t s industrialis es le travail est devenu le pivot de la solidarit Il a permis d en largir la base par del les communaut s et les affiliations Cela peut tre aussi fait quand des organisations religieuses travaillent ensemble et contribuent au bien commun C est sans doute une mani re de construire la paix travers la justice sociale un niveau bien modeste mais r el Pierre Martinot Lagarde Page 3 EXPERT MEETING ON
24. distinguer deux cat gories les pays industrialis s et les autres En r alit face aux risques globaux li s au changement climatique la contextualisation devrait tre plus complexe D une part la notion de d veloppement durable implique des objectifs communs comme la r duction des missions de GES et l adaptation des soci t s pour assurer la protection des g n rations futures et de l quilibre de la biosph re D autre part face la diversit des situations il est n cessaire de combiner plusieurs crit res de diff renciation qui introduisent le contexte national pr sent mais aussi pass et futur au pr sent le contexte culturel mais aussi conomique et social particuli rement sensible dans les pays en d veloppement et les pays mergents et au pass le contexte historique afin d int grer la dette cologique des pays industrialis s au futur le contexte de vuln rabilit et ou de dangerosit C est dire que pour tre durable au futur le d veloppement devra tre aussi acceptable au pr sent et quitable par rapport au pass On se rapproche ainsi de la troisi me raison du rapprochement des cultures d ordre thique 3 Une raison thique parce que le rapprochement des cultures est n cessaire la reconnaissance de valeurs thiques communes C est la raison la plus difficile satisfaire Pour viter la fois le relativisme et l imp rialisme des valeurs il faut une dynamique inte
25. existe Mon arabit ne vient en rien mordre ou fragiliser mon juda sme et je nai aucun probl me aucun complexe additionner toutes mes sensibilit s celles de mon histoire celles de ma culture de mes solidarit s celles de mes compatriotes musulmans qui ont Andr Azoulay Page 2 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 aussi leur religion leur histoire et leurs solidarit s Nous avons choisi d tre adultes et citoyens ensemble A Essaouira ma ville natale Islam et Judaisme se rencontrent depuis 15 ans invit s par le Festival des Andalousies Atlantiques s couter chanter s embrasser faire la f te et repartir peut tre un peu plus juifs qu ils ne l taient et un peu plus musulmans qu ils ne l taient en arrivant Cela existe ce n est pas un sc nario fiction ou une posture de circonstance Mais cela int resse qui Cela pourrait tre ad minima en terme d anthropologie ou de sociologie quelque chose tudier No way Cela fonctionne et cela n int resse personne Nous sommes otages de cet autisme collectif qui fait que nous mettons de c t tout ce qui peut contribuer non pas la solution mais a la construction d une r ponse susceptible d tre apport e ces d fis auxquels nous ne savons plus r pondre C est pour cela que je parlais tout l heure de communaut assi g e de l incapacit qui est la n tre aujourd
26. have light in the camp These are a few actions that we instituted but as a result we saw a measurable decrease in the tensions As different as these groups were they found common ideas between them They had similar fears and concerns and they worked together to improve the situation And all we had to do is sit down with them and listen and provide a little bit of support Scott Pohl Page 2 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 In my years at UNHCR have seen many similar examples The only way that we can understand and respond is by giving people a platform where different groups all have an equal opportunity to speak and more importantly be heard Scott Pohl Page 3 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 SESSION 2 Promouvoir la diversit pour une coexistence pacifique Olzhas Suleimenov Pr sident de la Fondation Culture Ancien D legue Permanent du Kazakhstan l UNESCO Comme je l entends la r union d experts doit faire la lumi re sur la question Qu est ce que c est que la D cennie du rapprochement des cultures Et notre discussion doit aider l UNESCO d un tirer une r ponse commune Pourtant certaines interventions qui ont pr c d la mienne me laissent penser que celle ci ne sera pas formul e dans le futur imm diat Pourquoi est ce que l Assembl e
27. in Mali or in Tunisia It is failing in the hatred spread through the Internet and new media In this year of the 70 anniversary of UNESCO this alarmist situation reminds us of the very mandate of our Organization Indeed this organization was created at the end of the Second World War with the goal to heal the minds of men and women from the scourge of war through instilling sustainable peace by the soft power of education science culture and communication Since its creation in 1945 UNESCO has been working to enhance mutual understanding between peoples founded on an ever more subtle knowledge of cultures in their rich diversity in order to promote the dignity of all through the affirmation of the principles rights and values of our common humanity The context may be different but the challenges remain similar As rightly stated by the Director General on the occasion of the international launch of this Decade in Astana Kazakhstan in August 2013 never has the promotion of intercultural dialogue been so important for overcoming intolerance and promoting mutual understanding Nada Al Nashif Page 2 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 This Decade and the Action Plan commonly elaborated by a broad range of partners is a great opportunity It sets a three pronged approach towards the rapprochement of cultures namely i To evaluate the current status of incl
28. le homo sapiens est apparu Vers ce moment les recherches vont fournir suffisamment de mati re pour produire un Atlas des Grandes Migrations pour r diger les uvres caract re r sumant dans les domaines de la linguistique de la culturologie de l anthropologie qui serviront de base pour proc der a l criture de l histoigraphie fondamentale de la jeune humanit allant du IV au si cle avant notre re Juste avant l re des proph tes Merci Olzhas Suleimenov Page 2 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 SESSION 2 Promouvoir la diversit pour une coexistence pacifique Samia Djacta Charg e de liaison a la D l gation permanente de l Organisation islamique pour l ducation les sciences et la culture ISESCO pour l UNESCO Excellences Mesdames et Messieurs La dimension culturelle est pr sente dans les trois quart des conflits mondiaux Sept Conventions culturelles qui encouragent la promotion de la diversit culturelle le dialogue interculturel et interreligieux n ont pas mis fin aux conflits associ s aux appartenances religieuses La promotion de la diversit culturelle est un processus tant personnel que soci tal Elle implique la volont d ouverture de dialogue et d change L Unit ne s oppose pas la diversit l une comme l autre sont des coefficients de paix Je suis heureuse d introduire pr sen
29. of fundamental and human rights and the rule of law To underscore such a community of values reduce tension between and within societies and bring cultures closer together in culturally diverse societies require a dialogue framework peace building and non conflict initiatives reciprocal understanding and mutual learning processes Consequently they may stimulate a sense of common purpose and an awareness of a peaceful coexistence and reconciliation Actual historical developments illustrate that the great currents of culture and art the scientific discoveries and their application for the common good as well as the critical analysis of accepted views and perceptions have created an area of exchange interaction and conflict throughout the globe Therefore in the name of the preservation and sharing of the collective memory intellectual cultural and artistic built and non built heritage need to be cherished and protected in treaties programmes and projects This requires the free L once Bekemans Page 1 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE PLE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 exchange of persons and ideas and finds its expression in the common protection of values and respect for diversity Human Civitas as a Community of Life This implies the building of a tangible living community To that end citizens should be given the opportunity to participate and contribute more fully in the community building within
30. of the Third Committee of the UN General Assembly and of UN international conferences HRD objectives include i discussing questions of mutual interest and enhancing cooperation on human rights in multinational forums such as the United Nations ii registering the concern felt by the EU at the human rights situation in the country concerned gathering information and endeavouring to improve the human rights situation of that country The institutionalized HRD are based on regional or bilateral agreements or treaties These include the ACP EU Cotonou Agreement the more structured dialogue the Trade Development Partnership and Cooperation Agreement with third countries the Barcelona partnership Mediterranean countries the stabilization and association agreements Western Balkans bilateral relations in the framework of association and cooperation agreements relations with candidate countries and regional organizations ASEAN ASEM MERCOSUR Andean Community etc What is the impact on intercultural dialogue In the complex system of EU external dialogues what position does a specific intercultural dialogue have Should it be a sectoral dialogue as many others are or should it be incorporated into human rights dialogue or even be transversal to the already existing dialogues In other terms must an intercultural mainstreaming take place Marco Mascia Page 2 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE R
31. refer to the challenges of national citizenship in a global interconnected and plural world A fuzzword The notion of global citizenship also suffers from conceptual confusion when applied to education Because global citizenship education means such a variety of very different things for different people it becomes extremely difficult if not impossible to operationalize It is therefore essential to clarify the concept in terms of level of analysis approach and thematic focus Levels of analysis Citizenship education is not only defined by learning content and methods but also by the learning environment the structure of school systems and their management structures as well as by the nature of the policy making process Indeed it is critical to examine how contentious policy issues are dealt with How is consensus reached when determining for instance language of instruction or the way in which national regional history is portrayed or how religion is dealt with in public education Citizenship education in a plural world must go beyond teaching learning methods and contents pedagogies to include a concern for inclusive and participative policy formulation in plural societies Approach and thematic focus There is a wide spectrum of approaches to citizenship education From soft approaches to more critical ones from a more moral approach based Sobhi Tawil Page 1 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE
32. s rieuse et effective la globalisation absolue des march s C est pourquoi il doit tre combattu C est pourquoi il doit redevenir une valeur accessoire comme au temps des colonies anciennes il n y aurait que vertu le voir se dissiper s vanouir dans le March c der d finitivement la place au consommateur seule esp ce encore r elle Car la globalisation entend faire le bonheur des consommateurs malgr eux le cas ch ant et condition qu ils abandonnent sans remords leur double qualit d homme et celle de citoyen 2002 50 En associant la probl matique du dialogue interculturel la satisfaction des besoins de justice et de bien tre l UNESCO met l hypoth se que la culture est le levain du bien vivre local et le dialogue interculturel le levier transversal du mieux vivre global La question tait d j difficile elle devient complexe Et nos difficult s commencent la pluralit culturelle et ses diff rences ne sont pas spontan ment source de convergences sociales Il est m me fr quent que ces diff rences d g n rent en divergences sinon en violences Charly Gabriel Mbock Page 4 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 e Face ace potentiel de conflictualit comment diligenter l av nement d une socialit de convivialit fond e sur une gouvernance de justice sociale qui soit elle m me sous t
33. temps mais elle s attache au respect de chacun et permet les d cisions n cessaires la survie du corps social Le m me Rocard d plore a m connaissance profonde o se trouve l Occident des modes de fonctionnement de l Afrique Tout se passe en Afrique comme si l Occident colonisateur avait efficacement d truit une amorce de sociabilit locale que l on peut appeler d mocratie consensuelle et n arrivait pas faire prendre la greffe de son produit de remplacement la d mocratie conflictuelle e La Socialit interstitielle Le formalisme juridique et sa lin arit se trouvent ainsi interpell s par la complexit de la vie organique En de ou au del des formes institu es qui toujours existent et qui parfois dominent il y a une centralit souterraine informelle qui assure la perdurance de la vie en soci t C est vers cette r alit qu il convient de tourner nos regards c est ce continent qu il convient d explorer Maffesoli id 14 15 Cette centralit fonde les pulsions de vie c est elle qui les nourrit et qui circonscrit les droits de l homme son humanit Maffesoli la nomme la socialit C est un tout nouvel homme une toute nouvelle mentalit culturelle qu il s agit de produire Le tout n est pas la somme de ses parties Kurt Lewin D o l int r t l urgence m me d un nouvel ordre existentiel et culturel fond sur la socialit d inclusion qui oblige soigner le p
34. the scope of intercultural competences goes beyond formal education and school learning The UNESCO World Report Investing in Cultural Diversity and Intercultural Dialogue introduced the term cultural literacy i e a fundamental resource for benefitting from multiple learning places from family and tradition to the media and to informal groups and activities and an indispensable tool for transcending clashes of ignorance The Intersectoral Platform for a Culture of Peace and Non Violence of UNESCO provides a very useful conceptual and operational framework for addressing intercultural competences Therefore intercultural competences empower participating groups and individuals and enable them to interact with cultural others with a view to bridging differences defusing conflicts and setting the foundations of peaceful conviviality In this context reference to Edgar Morin the French sociologist is essential He proposes four objectives in the transmission of knowledge and the activities of teaching i to form a well developed mind better than a too full mind ii to teach the human condition iii to educate to live learning does not mean only the acquisition of knowledge techniques and productive modes but also an interest in the relations with the other and with oneself and iv to learn the dignity of the citizen Values driven intercultural competences Space and time compression render today s world increasingly interco
35. to interact with a system not people but a system which does not care what pain and suffering some of its actions inflict And thirdly had to deal with managers who don t realize what is at stake when there is no dialogue Let me change arenas for a moment Luckily had another field of observations and experiences While or rather before worked for UBS also ran a small family business In my company the budget bore hardly any relation to its grand vision which it might have had in common with UNESCO To make matters worse but unlike UNESCO my staff could neither read nor write didn t understand roadmaps or frameworks nor showed it an interest in action plans and key milestones My staff didn t know what a compensation model was let alone a forced ranking And while my staff didn t need to know all that stuff knew could not fire it nor could sell it off when it underperformed This family business you might have guessed by now was bringing up four children What did produce in this family business would say produced values Turning these kids into decent human beings by teaching them social values such as honesty kindness helpfulness courage etc But how do you get your point across to a bunch of illiterates motivated those children by satisfying their basic human needs needs that believe are universal to human mankind To belong To be capable and able to contribute To receive rec
36. tre la condition n cessaire a la promotion de l inclusion interculturelle Une fronti re est une porte son ambivalence permet aux Insiders et aux Outsiders de se rencontrer C est parce qu une porte est ferm e qu on peut l ouvrir Et une porte voit l int rieur et l ext rieur Frank tienne un po te d Ha ti a fix cette vision Chaque tre humain demeure une le avec ses configurations sp cifiques et ses contours personnels Il s agira toujours de jeter des passerelles et des ponts pour se rapprocher des autres Miraculeuse Spirale 2003 Fragmentaire l ll est donc urgent pour les cultures qui en ont les moyens mais aussi la tentation de renoncer l homog n isation Uniformisation du monde Le totalitarisme culturel soutenu par le totalitarisme conomique est la menace plan taire du XXIe si cle Il n existe rien d universel mais seulement d individuel disait Schelling et l tre universel n existe que s il est l tre individuel absolu cf Arendt 1930 1954 2002 38 et 46 Pour Schelling comme pour Kierkegaard cela n a rien de paradoxal toute vocation l universalit doit s inscrire dans des rapports de r alit avec le v cu individuel sinon personnel des hommes C est partir du local du territoire de la prox mie que se d termine la vie des soci t s toutes choses qui en appellent galement un savoir local et non plus une v rit projective universelle Maffeso
37. world international organizations carry a particular responsibility They cover economic political and cultural ties with many regions of the world set in various cooperation agreements It is only through cooperation solidarity and comprehension the emerging globalising system can effectively help to solve world problems This global responsibility includes various dimensions Apart from conducting trade and ecological negotiations with regions of the world in a fair and helpful manner it also means responsible cooperation in conflict prevention peace building upholding human rights protection of minorities and mediation within the framework of international external relations issues development policy education culture etc Human Civitas as a Community and Meeting Place of Multiple Identities Freedom peace dignity of mankind equality and social justice are global common goods To protect and further develop these aims morally strong political structures are needed which strengthen the sense of common purpose through the building of meeting places and the recognition of the wealth of its multiple identities In this perspective the city dimension becomes more and more a space of recognition and expression of true citizenship building democratic culture and intercultural dialogue Reality shows how individuals are still bound to territorial places to define and contextualise their identity within the combined global local aspects of gl
38. 15 si la formule pouvait s tendre aux destructions r centes en Irak d objets et d uvres sans caract re religieux mais qui relatent l histoire d un peuple ainsi priv de ses origines et d truit dans son me D autres commentateurs ont voqu un crime contre l histoire de l humanit Pour assurer une v ritable cr olisation par transformation r ciproque il resterait int grer d autres cultures notamment celles qui valorisent les liens entre individus d une m me communaut nationale comme le sugg rent Ubuntu venu d Afrique du sud le terme japonais d Ushi soto les membres du groupe et les autres ou le terme confuc en pr cit de Liangxin ll faudrait aussi associer les cultures qui imposent l homme des devoirs envers la nature cf la Terre m re ou Pachamama prot g e par les constitutions d Equateur et de Bolivie comme le sugg re le d bat sur un futur crime d cocide incriminant des atteintes la s ret plan te et l quilibre de la biosph re En conclusion il faut prendre la voie du rapprochement des cultures parce qu elle permet de r sister la fois au relativisme et l imp rialisme et de concilier l universalisme des droits de l homme et le pluralisme des cultures Face l in vitable compression de la masse humaine c est une voie vers l humanisation r ciproque Mais la voie est troite et le pourquoi reste indissociable du comment Mireille Delm
39. 2013 2022 Nternational decdd for the rapprochement of cuLtures decennie nternationdle du rapprochement de cuLtures PST TT Mexayhapozhce aecAThneThe connyxehya kynbTY deceNio iNterNaciONdL de acercamiento de Las Expert Meeting on the International Decade for the Rapprochement of Cultures 2013 2022 UNESCO Headquarters 24 25 March 2015 Expert papers SHS TSD ME 2015 1 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 OPENING Nada AI Nashif Assistant Director General for Social and Human Sciences UNESCO The International Decade for the Rapprochement of Cultures a global citizenship responsibility am pleased to welcome you at UNESCO your home for this expert meeting dedicated to the International Decade for the Rapprochement of Cultures 2013 2022 with a view to building together concrete steps for the implementation of its Action Plan From the outset allow me to take this opportunity to recall some facts This Decade is building on the year 2010 celebrated as the International Year for the Rapprochement of Cultures This year was the culmination of the International Decade of a Culture of Peace and Non Violence for the Children of the World that spanned the period 2001 2010 It was specifically dedicated to raising awareness of the transformational power of cultural diversity and the importance of deepening respect and underst
40. APPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 Unquestionably intercultural dialogue can and must be included in human rights and political dialogue as an emergent issue Only then will it be able to be transmitted through existing channels of communication consultation and participation and consolidated so as to bring added value with regards to both the enhancement of dialogue between supranational governmental and non governmental and local actors as well as the development of a debate on world order Following a now consolidated routine at the United Nations the tendency is to enlarge the agenda on dialogue so as to make it functional in satisfying the needs of human communities which has become a priority compared to that of states In the context of subsidiarity it is clearly evident that civil society organizations and local government bodies should have the guarantee of more transparent and effective channels of participation Another figure to emerge is that the paradigm of reference of the actors that participate in European dialogues is the same that of internationally recognized human rights Nobody dares at least on paper to question the historical datum of the international legal recognition of the fundamental rights of individuals and peoples Then dialogues more or less directly contribute to making the international human rights effective The EU political dialogue was crucial to elaborate and enforce the Treaty establis
41. Costa Rica The U N mandated University for Peace UPEACE was established as a treaty organisation with its own Charter in an International Agreement adopted by the General Assembly in resolution 35 55 of 5 December 1980 Headquartered in Costa Rica the University s mission is to provide humanity with an international institution of higher education for peace and with the aim of promoting among all human beings the spirit of understanding tolerance and peaceful coexistence to stimulate cooperation among peoples and to help lessen obstacles and threats to world peace and progress in keeping with the noble aspirations proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations The UPEACE Charter ensures academic independence and authorises the University to grant degrees at the MA and doctoral levels UPEACE currently offers eight on site MA programmes one online MA programme and one PhD programme UPEACE on site MA programmes take an interdisciplinary intercultural pedagogical approach mainstreaming concepts of gender human rights and environment throughout its programmes and using interactive and participatory learning Each year UPEACE receives approximately 150 200 students representing around 50 60 countries from all over the world Current areas of study fall under three respective academic departments and include Department of Peace and Conflict Studies e International Peace Studies e Peace Education e Gender and Peacebuilding e Media
42. ERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 inclusive societies We will be held accountable for the outcomes we want to achieve We need benchmarks and clear targets to can be reached through a realistic phased approach We are living in a new age of challenges for diversity in terms of cultures and identities Success will be based on our capacity to approach peace and development as a seamless web We live in a world where we need to reinvent new ways of living together through the sustainable management of resources in increasingly fragile ecosystems We need a renewed commitment by all to values tolerance reconciliation and understanding without which true dialogue cannot take place The situation is even more pressing today in our interconnected and globalized world where any conflict breaking out somewhere is threatening to become a conflict everywhere Ladies and gentlemen it is not to be alarmist to say that peace is failing in so many parts of the world today It is failing in our societies where racism and xenophobia are smouldering anew and exacerbated by multiple economic crises that trigger ever more fierce competition for jobs and resources It is obviously failing when violent extremism fuelled by intolerance takes the life of citizens It is failing as demonstrated by the recent attacks on culture and identities of peoples in France in Denmark in Syria in Iraq
43. G n rale des Nations Unies a donn son aval l initiative de l UNESCO sur la proclamation de la D cennie du rapprochement des cultures Je pense c tait parce que les raisons de la menace de la nouvelle guerre mondiale ne r sident pas dans les contradictions conomiques ou impero id ologiques comme c tait le cas au XX eme si cle mais dans leur ensemble enrob cette fois dans le camouflage des oppositions culturelles Peut on rapprocher dans l espace d une ann e ou m me de la D cennie les cultures qui se sont s par es se sont loign es les unes des autres certaines d entre elles ayant m me d j entr es en collision et accumulant les forces pour des nouvelles confrontations L opposition du monde dit islamique celui chretiono juda que devient de plus en plus aigu Comment peut on rapprocher ces Cultures Les ruptures se sont fait il y a bien longtemps l int rieur m me des univers qui s opposent au pr sent Les chr tiens catholiques ont combattu pendant des d cennies leur fr res protestants et les r percussions lointaines de ce conflit sont audibles encore dans l Europe du Nord Le monde islamique est secou par les pisodes sanglants de la contradiction s culaire des Sunnites et Chi ites Le poids essentiel pour atteindre les objectifs de la D cennie Internationale va peser sur les paules de la science historique et du syst me ducatif La science la v ritable scie
44. INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 Though Cambodia has come a long way from that very dark historical moment and though some of the demographic imbalances have since been restored what cannot be fully restored is social memory Khmer tradition is largely built on orality and when people die they take much of what is committed to their memory with them songs poetry traditional knowledge histories These are the markers of Cambodian cultural identities Genocidal encounter engenders more than physical losses It is an evacuation of meaning such that speech is injured and that what we are left with is a struggle with language language that has been appropriated compromised It creates a tear in the social fabric that has to be repaired if we are to be made whole Thus if we are to think of dialogue and rapprochement we must also think of gaps and ellipses But that process of re stitching self community and memory is inhered by the fact that past traumas are layered with perpetuated and new traumas Survivors who escaped found refuge not in the comfort of newfound homes but in the liminality and ravaging uncertainty of refugee camps For those who remained in post genocide Cambodia where the rule of law remains elusive where power dominates over conscience where perpetrators live alongside victims wielding their power and presence with impunity fear is the ultimate silencer Against this backd
45. LUES are not its business VALUE is e f modern economic theory continues to go unchallenged VALUES will continue to lose out against VALUE There is some good news though e The business world is populated with the same people these individuals cross the gap between the VALUE and the VALUES reality on a daily basis e Modern economic theory is a theory and not a law of nature it can be challenged as a concept and changed would like to suggest a systematic approach to win over leaders and exponents of the financial industry towards the system of those shared values Elli von Planta Page 2 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 SESSION 3 La dialogue interculturel la justice sociale et le partage des ressources Pierre Martinot Lagarde Conseiller sp cial Affaires socioreligieuses Bureau international du Travail BIT Tout d abord permettez moi de remercier l UNESCO Madame Al Nashif et Madame von Furstenberg pour leur invitation C est un plaisir de revenir a Paris et de partager avec vous dans cette enceinte une exp rience qui vient d une institution s ur le bureau International du Travail Tout d abord permettez moi trois remarques partir des interventions pr c dentes ensuite je souhaiterais voquer devant vous une exp rience men e au BIT et enfin conclure avec une r flexion sur les d fis que cela am ne Comme vous le sa
46. Les deux mots essentiels ont t celui de dignit et de solidarit Avec tous nos interlocuteurs le mot dignit r sonne profond ment et en association avec le travail Dans un monde o le travail change le mot dignit est une r f rence qui permet de d finir un socle minimal mais aussi d ouvrir un horizon et enfin contient une dimension critique La dignit est un socle de r f rence Il y a des mani res de travailler qui ne respectent pas la dignit humaine le travail forc les pires formes de travail des enfants en particulier C est aussi un horizon en faisant r f rence la dignit on fait r f rence aussi la capacit de l homme de cr er de transformer d inventer ou d exercer des responsabilit s souvent nobles Et on sait que beaucoup de formes de travail sont en deca de cela Et enfin il s agit d une r f rence critique c est dire qui permet de s interroger sur le quotidien et notamment sur les conditions de travail Ce travail permet il de faire vivre une famille d duquer des enfants de leur donner des conditions de vie meilleure Ce travail est il panouissant ou stressant La m me chose peut aussi tre dite videmment partir de la solidarit Durkheim avait bien vu les m canismes de transformation l uvre pour passer d une solidarit m canique une solidarit organique Nous sommes en face d une question centrale pour ce qui est du travail savoir d e
47. NAL DECADE FOR THE PLE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 For many survivors memory is also the site of resistance Remembering proffer is the last weapon of the dispossessed It is the refusal to submit Even though it may not be articulated we must not take silence to be vacuous Silence is as loud as a cry We just need to listen to it and hear it But how do we teach our young to listen and to hear in the face of language loss in the face of all the other wars that ravage their lives be it in the slums of Asia or the inner cities of the West the West that hands refugees the gift of freedom but without acknowledgement of their own implication in their dispossession The discussion about interconnectedness and rapprochement must address all the facets of relationality at times it may have to begin at the very site of rupture in the many places that have been frayed and torn think this is what Mr Ozerdem reminded us yesterday The greatest fear for survivors is not that they will forget they can never forget We will never forget We can never forget The fear is that they will not be believed that time and distance will bring the ultimate erasure Given the very young population in Cambodia that fear is not unfounded In conclusion would like to underscore that given the multi faceted nature of fragmentation rebuilding needs to be more holistic That said our approach here needs to be two pronged 1 to recognize what h
48. NESCO Montevideo Office and UNESCO Representative in Argentina Ms Lidia Brito During this event the above mentioned new outline of the Villa Ocampo Project was presented the Spanish edition of the UNESCO report Gender Equality Heritage and Creativity was announced the inscription of the Villa Ocampo Documentation Centre on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register for Latin America and the Caribbean was celebrated and a Fr d ric Vacheron Page 3 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 homage was made to the Argentine singer Mercedes Sosa for her exceptional track record promoting folklore music and for enhancing the role of women in the Knowledge Societies with the participation of the artist Victor Heredia To close the event an exhibition on A room of one s own Victoria Ocampo and genderequality was inaugurated showing photos manuscripts original documents and speeches accompanied by her own bibliography and that of others on the feminine condition from her archives and her personal library The following day 21 November 2014 a colloquium on Gender and Culture was held at Villa Ocampo With the participation of distinguished specialists from Argentina Chile Paraguay and Uruguay an analysis was made of the report s contribution to the present debates on gender using it as a tool to reflect with greater depth and step up action on a world and regional level on the role o
49. OF CULTURES 2013 2022 SESSION 2 Promoting diversity for peaceful coexistence Scott Pohl Senior Advisor Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR Geneva Instead of talking about rapprochement of cultures lII talk about rapprochement of people individuals families and communities That s partly because that is how UNHCR mostly works but also because we see positive signs at the grass roots level Despite the massive challenges in conflict contexts at the individual family and community levels we see that people tend to look past cultures and differences and work together will try to talk about some of the work that UNHCR did to promote diversity and peaceful coexistence You might be aware that globally there are more than 51 million people who are refugees in foreign countries or are internally displaced persons IDPs in their own countries These people have fled from persecutions from conflicts from generalized violence and human rights violations Our job at UNHCR is to help to ensure the protection is available to the displaced and that the humanitarian assistance reaches at the most appropriate ways as possible But the objective for us is to find solutions for the displaced so they can restart their life in safety and dignity So you can see already that promoting diversity and peaceful coexistence is crucial to our work It is crucial both in a displacement context in order to ensure sa
50. Peace and Conflict Studies Department of International Law e International Law and Human Rights e International Law and the Settlement of Disputes Department of Environment and Development e Environment Development and Peace o Specialisation in Climate Change Policy o Specialisation in Sustainable Food Systems o Specialisation in Sustainable Natural Resource Management o Specialisation in Environmental Security and Governance e Responsible Management and Sustainable Economic Development Laurel Gaylor Page 1 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 SESSION 5 Citizenship education in a plural and interconnected world L once Bekemans Jean Monnet Chair ad pers Globalization Euroeanisation Human Development University of Padua A Values driven Education Framework for Globalised Multicultural Societies In UNESCO s Constitution the key concept of equal human dignity is one of the basic pillars of the democratic principles of justice equality and intellectual and moral solidarity in order to be able to ensure that educated human beings are free and responsible and to create the Human Civitas as a common humanity I Values premises of a Human Civitas We are living in multi faced and multi dimensional societies exhibiting multiple characteristics Therefore it is important to identify understand and translate the general principles for the globalized multic
51. Pour en faire un destin commun il faut viter l effondrement de la plan te et pr server la paix C est une premi re raison pour travailler au rapprochement des cultures afin de stimuler la cr ativit humaine et d imaginer ensemble de nouvelles formes d organisation collective notamment d organisation juridique 2 Une raison juridique parce que le droit international impose de concilier universalisme des droits de l homme avec la diversit des cultures Relisons les textes qui indiquent les deux p les concilier La DUDH dont l article 1 affirme l gale dignit de chaque tre humain et la d claration nonce un certain nombre de principes communs vocation universelle renforc s par les pactes Onu et autres instruments r gionaux et mondiaux La D claration universelle de l Unesco sur la diversit culturelle dont il faut rappeler qu elle fut adopt e en novembre 2001 dans le climat tragique des attentats du 11 septembre New York affirme que la diversit culturelle est pour le genre humain aussi n cessaire qu est la biodiversit dans l ordre du vivant En ce sens elle constitue le patrimoine commun de l humanit article 1 Mireille Delmas Marty Page 2 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 L article 2 pr cise que le pluralisme constitue la r ponse politique au fait de la diversit Et la conven
52. Premi re r union des commissions nationales pour l UNESCO Ces deux v nements ont contribu une large pr sentation de la D cennie Comme il a t not dans le Plan d actions de la D cennie adopt par le Conseil Ex cutif de l UNESCO la participation efficace de tous les Etats membres est un facteur cl du succ s de ce projet cet gard nous consid rons que les plans et les strat gies nationaux labor s conform ment aux principes fix s dans le Plan d actions peuvent grandement contribuer la mise en uvre de la D cennie Comme nous le savons le Programme de participation de l UNESCO permet chacun de ses Etats membres dans le cadre de ce programme d int grer au paquet de financement un projet de haute priorit pour la D cennie Cela permettra d assurer une participation efficace des pays et par cons quent d largir et d enrichir le Programme par le biais de tout un syst me des mesures vari es et compl mentaires Cette ann e nous organisons avec le soutien de l UNESCO le Festival Jeunesse cr ative Les enfants au rythme de la Paix S Exc Nurlan Danenov Page 2 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 La liste d initiatives mondiales et r gionales contribuant a la promotion de l id e de rapprochement des cultures not es par le Secr tariat et le Conseil Ex cutif de l UNESCO dans le Plan d actions contie
53. a traduction entre les cultures qui prenne en compte les intraduisibles Imaginer au XXIe si cle une politique de l esprit Val ry qui ne vise pas ordonner le reste du monde des fins europ ennes Thierry Fabre Page 1 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE PLE VE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 SESSION 2 Promoting diversity for peaceful coexistence Antonio Papisca UNESCO Chair in Human Rights Democracy and Peace Padua University Centre for Human Rights Diversity is a plural word Intercultural dialogue is the benchmark for initially distinguishing diversity which closes itself in and is intolerant of others and diversity which is potentially open to dialogue in short the good part of the history of each culture from the bad This exercise can be facilitated by something we could call a transcultural mediator by which mean the value paradigm that is provided by the very heart of the universal code of human rights that is the Universal Declaration Coexistence is also a plural term Without any adjectives it might appear reductive with a rather minimalist flavour so to speak coexistence at least as it would be too demanding to use the word cooperation for example Passive coexistence is that where two or more actors ignore one another each proceeding along their own course putting up with the other but with the immanent probability of coming into conflict
54. able in the various regions of the globe when they are not in contradiction with the fundamental universal human rights To this end there is a need to take into account the various cultures of migrants Mutual respect of cultures entails peaceful relations and coexistence between different ethnic cultural and religious communities including migrants This means mutual recognition Khadija Elmadmad Page 3 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 and acceptance of others traditions languages religions and customs This results generally in political stability and economic development of states Peaceful coexistence is based on rights but also on duties on the part of migrants In 1999 the 102nd Inter Parliamentary Conference agreed that Persons belonging to minorities should exercise their rights in good faith and with loyalty to the State in which they live without detriment to the principle of the sovereignty and integrity of States as enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and international law The reality of migrants rights and the conflict of cultures today What solutions Today the theory relating to migrants rights their cultural diversity and peaceful coexistence is different from the practice All over the globe migrants find it very difficult to live peacefully and to coexist with their host either because their rights and cultures are not reco
55. achieve this the so called other has to become an accepted neighbor characterized as belonging to a group that is different yet shares a basic set of common values and interest This obviously will entail the emergence of new more flexible governance structures that allow the responsible citizen to authoritatively participate in resource allocation control and coordination Nada AI Nashif Page 4 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 Arjun Appadurai in an article entitled Full Humanity insists on such collaboration requiring a shared vision and a reciprocal complementarity of roles and tasks You will find his proposals in our portfolio From Words to Action The portfolio proposes a basic capacity building tool in support of exchange communication and cooperation beyond cultural religious and natural borders It is meant to allow the emergence of global citizenship in a safer world for all based on a common ethos and the context specific development of intercultural competences and skills To quote L once Bekemans who kindly agreed to be part of this expert meeting the challenge to current politics is a search for a coherent combination of all dimensions of democracy and at the same time an extension of democratic practices up to the international institutions What is at stake is the creation of international policy spaces where the responsible citize
56. ail industriel au Nord renforcement au Sud Mais les deux questions de la r volution industrielle demeurent quel sens donner au travail et par dela le travail a l activit humaine l autre porte sur les solidarit s pour reprendre une question Durkheimienne qui organisent les soci t s Et ces deux questions sont structurantes aussi bien au Nord qu au Sud Sur cette base je voudrais voquer avec vous une exp rience que nous avons men e a l OIT Il s agit en effet de montrer qu il possible d organiser avec certains repr sentants de traditions religieuses un dialogue portant sur ces deux questions structurantes le sens du travail et l avenir des solidarit s L exp rience a t men e deux chelles d une part un s minaire men de mani re globale et ensuite une s rie de rencontres conduites dans des pays cibl s le Chili le S n gal et la Cote d Ivoire et l Ethiopie A chaque fois les rencontres ont t conduites avec des partenaires diff rents Le point de d part tait les deux questions que j ai mentionn es le point d arriv e tait la publication d une petit manuel rep rant les grandes valeurs sous tendant l agenda du travail d cent L exp rience est essentiellement positive au sens o oui il est possible d tablir un consensus de valeurs portant essentiellement sur le travail Et en cela je consonne bien avec la strat gie de l UNESCO pour la d cennie pour le rapprochement des cultures
57. anding between cultures Following the rich harvest of initiatives that occurred during the Year 2010 UNESCO s General Conference in 2011 passed a resolution proclaiming 2013 2022 as International Decade for the Rapprochement of Cultures This resolution was eventually endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly in December 2012 From 2013 to 2014 an Action Plan was drafted in consultation with a wide range of partners to which some of you have contributed This Action Plan was adopted by the Executive Board of UNESCO at its April session of last year and eventually endorsed by the UNGA in December 2014 These key steps would not have been possible without the leading role played by Kazakhstan and the support of several other countries The presence with us of H E Mr Nurlan Danenov Ambassador and Permanent Delegate of the Republic of Kazakhstan to UNESCO gives me the opportunity to reiterate our sincere thanks to Kazakhstan for its unfaltering support in making this Decade a reality This is where we stand today ladies and gentlemen The launch of this Decade is certainly a great achievement but the challenges ahead of us can only be met through truly new ways of thinking out of the box We have to synergize step by step the will and potential of ever more actors actors who need to be given spaces avenues and tools to realize and translate into action their moral commitment to peaceful and Nada AI Nashif Page 1 EXP
58. aradoxe par un paradoxe e Le Paradoxe des fronti res Les Porcs pics de Schopenhauer Schopenhauer rapporte que par un temps de rude hiver des porcs pics r solurent de se rapprocher pour se r chauffer Dans un premier mouvement de rapprochement ils ne parvinrent qu se piquer Car les porcs pics a pique De proche en proche ils durent trouver la bonne distance entre eux pour se r chauffer et survivre l hiver Rapprochement n est donc ni fusion ni assimilation ni absorption ni phagocytose Il est n cessaire indispensable et salutaire d identifier et de tracer des fronti res interhumaines intersociales sans na vet ni hypocrisie Ces lignes dites de partage n organisent pas des partages mais des s parations Ce sont en r alit des lignes de distance Mais anti capitalistes C taient des soci t s d mocratiques toujours C taient des soci t s coop ratives des soci t s fraternelles Je fais l apologie syst matique des soci t s d truites par l imp rialisme Cf Michel Rocard Pour une autre Afrique Paris Flammarion 2001 pp 66 et 67 Charly Gabriel Mbock Page 9 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 contrairement a ce qu on peut penser ce sont ces distances la qui rapprochent puisque rapprochement n est ni uniformisation ni homog n isation Le paradoxe des fronti res interculturelles c est d
59. are those goods that irrespective of any private or public origin are characterized by a binding destination The notion therefore necessarily integrates an acknowledgement of the diversity of contexts and conceptions of human well being Beyond the provision of public goods and services the notion of common good projects the identity of the community concerned and embodies the significance it attaches to knowledge and its role in development It reaffirms the collective dimension of education as a shared social endeavor rather than an individualistic socio economic investment It is not only the quality of life of individuals and families that is the focus but also quality of life that humans hold in common Beyond the educational services goods available the process of defining what kind of education is to be provided for what kind of society is in itself a common good It implies an inclusive and participatory process of public policy formulation and implementation Going further both education and knowledge may be considered to be common goods Indeed the process of creation transmission acquisition validation and use of knowledge is common to all people as a collective societal endeavor Such a prism implies the need to strengthen the role of the state in the regulation of education aS a common good It also implies a strengthening of the role of inter governmental organizations such as UNESCO in the regulat
60. as Marty Page 6 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 SESSION 1 Pourquoi un Rapprochement des cultures Etat des lieux Thierry Fabre Responsable du D partement du d veloppement culturel et des relations internationales Mus e des Civilisations de l Europe et de la M diterran e MuCEM La bonne distance Rapprocher les cultures sans doute mais quelle est la bonne distance La s paration l ignorance ne sont videmment pas souhaitables mais la confusion des cultures est destructrice La ou la diff rence fait d faut c est la violence qui menace Ren Girard Comment rapprocher sans confondre Au del de la globalisation et de l utopie du Tout Monde ch re a Edouard Glissant il faut prendre en compte les grandes verticalit s qui construisent les appartenances notamment dans le monde m diterran en Comment rapprocher les cultures 2 D o N chercher une bonne distance cadre des cultures ce qui est un processus favoriser une politique de la reconnaissance d un propre d un lieu d nonciation de sa propre vision du monde qui n est justement pas un pur Encourager un principe d hospitalit entre des cultures D ployer des identit s narratives l exact oppos des visions essentialistes D finir un monde de significations communes un horizon de sens partag Soutenir une politique de l
61. as been done even if it isn t visible to us 2 to support and valorize those initiatives and to seed new ones Our knowledge base about conflicts and the legacies of conflicts is fairly wide and the initiatives that have already been seeded are many What may be missing but absolutely needed are synergy and coordination so that there can be a critical mass We need to develop that bridge that platform for people to come together to build that intellectual and moral solidarity of mankind that is the vision behind this initiative We need to start to build from the ground up and to seed not just initiatives but principles and ideals through our initiatives and we need to do that early involving young people We need good oral history projects and to train the youth and community members to compile their own local histories We especially need to honor and transmit the memories of women who are the keepers of memories and we need to believe that when these cultural memories are lost they don t just constitute the loss for one nation or one country but the loss for humanity This is a new way of looking at globalization the globalization of social responsibility Many Southeast Asian nations know more about the outside world than they do about themselves and each other A large part of that is a product of colonialism but that distance persists today Yet most of the current conflicts are internal to the countries and to the region UNESCO
62. ation perished in less than four years where mass graves have pockmarked the countryside where have yet to encounter a Cambodian who has not lost someone to the genocide What in fact took place was the wiping out of almost a generation In the wake of this genocide the Cambodian population was left with mostly women and children In some villages there were no men left Over half a million Cambodians fled in the face of genocide foreign occupation and the threat of renewed starvation in search of refuge leaving the nation bifurcated between Asia and the diaspora Sometimes somewhere the world did say never again As April nears am always reminded of the proximity of this historical trauma It was 40 years ago but as a friend once said when will it ever cease to be fresh Many of you may recall 17 April 1975 when the Khmer Rouge marched into Phnom Pehn and began the wholesale emptying of the city a process during which hundreds of thousands died But most of you probably realize that this particular week was also the Cambodian New Year a time for celebration togetherness hope and renewal but which is now forever marked by separation and loss violent uprooting and dispersal Cambodians have thus been made to live with this accustomed tension For surviving refugees Cambodia is a place of longing but also of rupture and memory both the source of solace and of pain Khatharya Um Page 1 EXPERT MEETING ON THE
63. au Groupe de Haut Niveau des Nations Unies pour l Alliance des civilisations En r alit la d finition de cette Alliance des Civilisations ainsi nomm e pour rester dans le code du politiquement correct pour viter de dire au premier degr que la feuille de route qui nous tait assign e en r alit tait d j celle de la relation Islam Occident Ce groupe a t cr en effet au lendemain des attentats de 2003 a Madrid Andr Azoulay Page 1 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 L incr dulit et la stupeur provoqu es par ce drame ont incit le premier ministre espagnol de l poque sugg rer aux Nations Unies d essayer de nous expliquer pourquoi et comment nous en tions arriv s la Nous avons travaill pendant deux ou trois ans sur cet agenda pr cis de la relation Islam Occident Nous avons travaill en huis clos sans restriction et sans tabou et ce n tait pas facile dans ce groupe de 17 personnes qui avaient des sensibilit s tr s diff rentes du Pr sident Khatami a Mgr Tutu Mais nous avons finalement abouti a un document de travail consensuel une feuille de route qui fut ensuite propos e et accept e par l Assembl e g n rale des Nations unies et confi e pour sa mise en uvre aux Hauts Commissaires prestigieux qui se sont succ d s la t te de cette Alliance R sultat dix ou douze ans apr s zero sum game
64. autre En ce sens il peut contribuer coordonner les diff rences Ex Le dialogue des juges sur la peine de mort Cet change propos des cultures juridiques fut d clench en 1989 par une interpr tation audacieuse de la CEDH jugeant l extradition d un condamn mort vers les Etats Unis contraire l interdiction des peines ou traitements inhumains ou d gradants Soering c RU Par ses applications potentielles a divers pays tiers y compris Iran et Chine la jurisprudence Soering devait avoir une influence dans le monde entier Elle semble avoir favoris en 2001 un revirement de la Cour supr me du Canada qui se fonde tr s largement sur la d cision de la CEDH de m me en Afrique du Sud o elle fut invoqu e l appui de l arr t jugeant la peine de mort contraire l interdiction des traitements cruels inhumains ou d gradants Cour supr me 1995 Mais le dialogue reste soumis au bon vouloir des acteurs Ainsi la Cour supr me des Etats Unis cite la CEDH pour interdire d infliger la peine de mort aux malades mentaux ou aux mineurs mais elle choisit les cas de fa on discr tionnaire et ne reconna t en toute hypoth se aux normes trang res qu un caract re facultatif P 2 La traduction Processus de recherche des quivalences la traduction va plus loin que le dialogue dans la reconnaissance de valeurs communes V ritable miracle selon Ricoeur elle cr e de la ressemblance l o il ne semblait y avo
65. ay lead to a conversation among equals with respect for the difference and the diversity of the other A global responsibility favours a rapprochement dialogue between diverse cultural discourses In view of the process of globalization and its consequences on cultural exchanges and cooperation worldwide there is a moral responsibility to contribute to strengthening intercultural dialogue among equals in a globalizing world while firmly supporting its commonly shared values at all possible policy levels The maintenance and promotion of the global common good of economically socially and culturally sustainable development worldwide the common practice of mutual learning and the centrality of the individual citizen as a person are guiding principles in promoting globalisation with a human and cultural face A human rights paradigm is the basic point of departure for the rapprochement of cultures Human rights are at the core of any suitable approach to intercultural dialogue and rapprochement of cultures The international law of human rights has extended its constitutional space from inside the nation state to the entire world The human rights paradigm is assumed as a powerful trans cultural facilitator into moving from the increasingly conflicting stage of multi culturality to the dialogic stage of inter culturality A gradual but committed process from concepts and policies to practices Sources of good practice projects are multi fold Suc
66. bilize a wide range of experts and actors from different fields of competences That is exactly the reason of why you have been convened today And we have full trust that this meeting will engage a thought provocative discussion to inform UNESCO s action in the implementation of this Decade In preparing the agenda to guide this conversation we tried to pay tribute to the realities shaping the world today In this Nada AI Nashif Page 3 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 regard setting the scene will be essential in order to focus on key challenges and the ways forward in dealing with them We need to examine more deeply how to go about jointly promoting respect for human rights and cultural diversity and to identify new strategies to fight against new forms of racism xenophobia discrimination intolerance extremism and radicalization In this endeavor it is important to allow for new forms of bonding by using the natural bridges of cross cutting issues and themes This is the reason why our agenda is connecting with memorial processes reconstruction and reconciliation thus initiating an articulation with the International Decade for People of African Descent 2015 2024 During a meeting UNESCO organized last week in the framework of the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination the Mayor of Birmingham Alabama United States of America share
67. cessful intercultural dialogue projects are to be found in shared spaces of learning and solidarity both institutional spaces and non institutional ones Moreover a rapprochement of cultures can be fostered at all stages of cultural artistic production distribution and participation Moreover the educational challenges are to develop intercultural competences and skills among all members of society and to stimulate transnational cooperation activities Intercultural competences should therefore be promoted to benefit from democratic culture and intercultural dialogue in culturally diverse societies at all levels Finally interactive communication processes will stimulate empowerment or development of self confidence in individuals and a sense of collective responsibility A number of guidelines of intercultural practices can be identified for sharing diversity within and between cultures on the basis of an inventory of what has already been done in various organisations recognise that intercultural dialogue depends upon the full implementation of human civic economic social and cultural rights acknowledge intercultural dialogue at the heart of citizenship and integration strategies approach intercultural dialogue as a transversal issue which is part of a complex system of governance based on diversity equality and participation develop strategies which view intercultural dialogue as a process of interactive communication within and betwe
68. conomic social and political added value which needs to be developed and adequately managed Protection promotion and maintenance of cultural diversity are factors of human development and a manifestation of human liberty They are an essential requirement for sustainable development to the benefit of present and future generations In summary cultural diversity is a rich asset for individuals and societies that needs careful and gentle management attention The increasing cultural diversity also brings about new social and political challenges Cultural diversity often triggers fear and rejection Negative reactions from stereotyping racism xenophobia and intolerance to discrimination and violence can threaten peace and the very fabric of local and national communities International conflicts the socio economic vulnerability and marginalization of entire groups and widespread cultural ignorance including the lack of knowledge of about one s own culture and heritage provide fertile ground for rejection social exclusion extremist reactions and conflict This diversity is perceived as an essential dimension of intercultural dialogue for strengthening sustainable development ensuring the effective exercise of universally recognised human rights and freedoms and favouring social cohesion and democratic governance Dialogue is therefore a vital tool for understanding and managing diversity Within this context intercultural dia
69. d cooperation which contributed to the demise of bipolarity Antonio Papisca Page 1 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 In our world marked by complex interdependencies and globalization it is impossible to coexist while ignoring one another living apart under the same roof Interests business imbalances and conflicts are intertwined transnationally and globally it is impossible to ignore one another The role of cultures and naturally of the religions underlying cultures is absolutely critical to nurturing peaceful coexistence Together through intercultural and inter religious dialogue the grim old concept of peace considered in a negative way as the pause between one war and the next si vis pacem para bellum should be overcome This concept of negative peace is common to all political cultures bound up as it is to the national sovereign armed form of statehood In old international law the ius ad pacem right to make peace is always mentioned in connection with the ius ad bellum right to wage war as an inseparable couple among the prerogatives of state sovereignty This linking which in practice means peace or war are all the same to me bears witness to the amoral nature of old inter state law The United Nations Charter marks a break from the structure of the Westphalia scheme of world order and delivers a new international law transpos
70. d disorder Peace bringing coexistence must contribute to respecting the new international law and the central role of the United Nations The United Nations need to be strengthened and democratized and the humanistic impetus behind the Charter and the UNESCO Constitution revived Positive peace is bottom up peace built from below in a context of positive secularism positive peace should be conjugated with positive secularism where positive diversities are not eliminated but valued These issues must be on the political agenda of intercultural dialogue at the local level too with the active participation of local governments and civil society organizations They are certainly issues concerning high politics but they cannot be monopolized by the governmental and intergovernmental summitry Rather they must be shared expressions of intercultural dialogue Needless to emphasize that is at the local level that values and policies meet and clash in real life and it is at the local level that people die of war and hunger This strategy is facilitated by the fact that cultures are more mobile nowadays ever more mobile the world over They move from one country to another and from one continent to another thanks not only to the impalpable dynamics of ideas but also physically through migratory flows refugees and asylum seekers who bring with them their sufferings their expectations and their grudges The transmigration of cultures fav
71. d his experience in the context of UNESCO s International Coalition for Cities against Racism Indeed the common values on which our democratic societies stand should be assessed and revamped namely to reflect on new citizenship models needed today in our plural societies Having a Decade for action offers to all of us a medium term perspective rather than getting lost in short term activities Innovative comprehensive initiatives should be undertaken with UNESCO inscribing and nurturing them in a coherent framework based on an inspired vision Consistent action resonates with the need to make the impact tangible and measurable to keep track of where we stand with our efforts This reality adds to the challenge of this expert meeting for very effective proposals What we are grappling with can be summarized as the need to appropriately retool democracy for the 21st century We have long known that networks have become a pervasive feature of service delivery in the public sphere Such networks must be characterized by trust and mutual adjustment However the challenge is to overcome the perception of the other as a potential threat to one s own sphere of comfort and influence Unlike current practice a new consciousness has to emerge that can eventually translate into the banning of public management reforms based on competition Self organizing entities and inter organizational networks should complement existing hierarchies To
72. ddressing the growing interest in intercultural competences with proposing strategies guidelines and handbooks in view of the realization of true intercultural dialogue Living together peacefully by doing together as equals requires competence building This includes values i e valuing other human beings human dignity and human rights valuing cultural differences diversity otherness valuing democracy justice fairness equality and rule of law valuing peace peace building loving attitudes i e openness tolerance civic mindness responsibility etc skills i e learning critical skills listening empathy flexibility adaptability etc and knowledge critical understanding i e Knowledge and critical understanding of the self of language and communication of the world of culture s of history of economies the environment and sustainability In other words minimal requirements to attain intercultural competences include respect i e valuing of others self awareness identity i e understanding the lens through which we each view the world seeing from other perspectives world views i e both how these perspectives are similar and different listening i e engaging in authentic intercultural dialogue adaptation i e being able to shift temporarily into another perspective relationship building i e forging lasting cross cultural personal bonds and cultural humility i e Co
73. de education ii The development of critical thinking and the adoption of certain attitudes and values may entail acquiring the skills needed to participate actively in public life developing recognition of and respect for oneself and others with a view to achieving greater mutual understanding acquiring social and moral responsibility including self confidence and learning to behave responsibly towards others strengthening a spirit of solidarity the L once Bekemans Page 7 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE PLE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 construction of values with due regard for differing social perspectives and points of view learning to listen and resolve conflicts peacefully learning to contribute to a safe environment and developing more effective strategies for fighting racism and xenophobia iii Finally the active participation of youngsters may be promoted by enabling them to become more involved in the community at large at international national local and school levels offering them practical experience of democracy at school developing their capacity to engage with each other and encouraging pupils to develop project initiatives in conjunction with other organisations such as community associations public bodies and international organisations as well as projects involving other communities In short it should be clear that citizenship education is not just concerned with i
74. des lieux Mireille Del mas Marty Membre de l Institut de France Chaire d Etudes juridiques comparatives de droit et internationalisation du Droit College de France Pourquoi un rapprochement des cultures Une premi re r ponse est tout simplement parce que la terre est ronde De la forme sph rique de la terre qui oblige se supporter parce que la dispersion linfini est impossible Kant avait d j d duit son principe d hospitalit universelle A son tour Teilhard de Chardin souligne que sur la surface ferm e de la Terre la masse humaine apr s une p riode d expansion entre dans une phase de compression dont la mar e nous soul ve Aujourd hui alors que s annonce l entr e dans l re de l anthropoc ne marqu e par l impact de plus en plus fort des activit s humaines sur le globe et par la Grande Acc l ration la mar e pourrait nous emporter moins que le rapprochement des cultures stimule la cr ativit humaine afin d imaginer ensemble de nouvelles formes d organisation collective notamment juridique Une deuxi me r ponse est juridique le rapprochement des cultures permet de r duire les tensions entre les deux p les du droit international que sont l universalisme affirm par la D claration universelle des droits de l homme 1948 et le pluralisme qualifi par la D claration de l UNESCO sur la diversit culturelle patrimoine commun de l humanit
75. ding throughout the world to mix and balance from the inception of the Action Plan applied reflections and committed trustworthy practices at all operational levels from the neighbourhood to the international level to strengthen the link with institutions civil society academia through reinvigorating the network of UNESCO Chairs and Centres of Excellence by interconnecting initiatives and identifying the existence of and building on creative locally based good practices In summary the Action Plan of the Decade should favour a values driven citizen education framework in which interculturality should become a practice of plural citizenship favouring a rapprochement of cultures above a clash of ignorance L once Bekemans Page 11 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 SESSION 5 Citizenship education in a plural and interconnected world Sobhi Tawil Senior Programme Specialist Education Research and Foresight UNESCO Education Sector The need for conceptual clarity Global Citizenship Education The notion of global citizenship has recently entered international education and development discourse initially as part of the Global Education First Initiative launched in 2012 and more recently as part of the post 2015 education agenda The adoption of the notion reflects a legitimate and long overdue concern at the international level for the relevance of education
76. e Pilares project and inspired by the work of Victoria Ocampo access by underprivileged groups to cultural production will be supported Pilares may include a series of incentives grants and competitions towards this goal thus increasing these groups or peoples creative and management capacities seeking to propitiate a culture of peace and non violence All these projects will integrate gender issues as a cross cutting theme for intercultural dialogue and as a concrete follow up of the Victoria Ocampo legacy Pioneer in the struggle for gender equality Victoria Ocampo fought since her youth against the cultural and social barriers that held women within the roles of housewife or social ornament She was raised to submit to masculine authority but her need for independence and her literary vocation drove her against wind and tide towards a new identity that didn t had any antecedent nor role model in Hispanic communities Thus she opened a path to personal and creative fulfillment for women in Argentina and the rest of Latin American countries The presentation of these new working hubs was made during a press conference and an important event on Gender and Culture covering various proceedings The opening of the event held on 20 November 2014 was attended by high ranking authorities Minister of Culture of Argentina Ms Teresa Parodi United Nations Resident Coordinator in Argentina Mr Ren Mauricio Vald s and Director of the U
77. e critical mass of conflict intrinsic to these situations boiling over practices of intercultural dialogue must be activated on the ground But dialogues to what end A quoi faire Certainly for a reciprocal exchange of narratives of the different histories of their place of origin to compare them with one another and to encourage their assessing on the basis of the paradigm of universal values enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Each culture and each religion must be cleansed of the negative side of their respective histories drawing on the common source of the universal in a healthy positive secularism approach But for this necessary process of exchange and cleansing to be fruitful it must be accompanied by actually working together in the places where people live their everyday lives to realize objectives for the common good It is from this standpoint which is both teleological and communitarian that dialogue must be entered into between subjects who are enabled to exercise equal citizenship rights in an inclusive city This means redefining citizenship in terms of standard setting too starting from the fundamental rights inherent to each and every human being as such regardless of his or her respective national citizenship of origin If it is true that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights as proclaimed in Article 1 of the Universal Declaration then all human being
78. e de la pens e constitue un obstacle au rapprochement des cultures et au dialogue interculturel tant par le risque d uniformisation culturelle que par la fragilisation de la libert d expression Ces nouveaux acteurs d influence culturelle agissant dans la sph re globale essentiellement activ s par les lois du march en dehors de pouvoir des gouvernements doivent tre associ s directement ou indirectement notamment par leurs vitrines de Fondations la probl matique du rapprochement et du dialogue interculturel En effet la surd termination du paradigme conomique renforce la dimension esth tique de la culture notamment ses productions expressions mat rielles seules valoris es au march au d triment de l thique et du spirituel ses dimensions plus profondes o le rapprochement et le dialogue interculturel doivent s enraciner LECTURE IDEOLOGIQUE DE LA DIVERSITE THEORIE DU CONFLIT DES CIVILISATIONS Sur le plan id ologique la th orie du conflit des civilisations et des religions constitue une nouvelle grille de lecture intellectuelle de la diversit culturelle d finie comme menace contre l identit nationale qui progressivement influence des gouvernements et des communaut s et constitue un obstacle au rapprochement des cultures Je propose en cons quence les axes de r flexion suivants de la D cennie de Rapprochement des cultures L articulation des trois dimensions structurantes et compl mentaire
79. e ou en France plus tardivement en Italie ou en Espagne Elle tait donc multiple Aujourd hui soci t s et cultures sont videmment travers es par des forces qui transforment de nombreux champs de la soci t Le principal facteur d volution n est plus celui de l industrialisation europ enne et de ses avatars notamment la colonisation il s agit bien davantage de la mondialisation Celle ci entra ne d un c t une d sindustrialisation du Nord ainsi qu une industrialisation malgr tout partielle des soci t s du Sud A ce mouvement il faut ajouter une tendance l hyper consommation Les cons quences sont connues une mont e des in galit s dans les pays moins in galitaires et aucune baisse dans ceux qui le sont plus des d placements et des migrations et une alt ration des formes de soci t traditionnelles Le changement climatique est une dimension de ce changement mais il n en est qu une parmi un ensemble de transformations et qu il faut int grer dans une vision d ensemble Les opinions exprim es ici sont celles de leur auteur et ne refl te pas la position de l Organisation internationale du travail Pierre Martinot Lagarde Page 1 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 Pour r tr cir le champ et parler a partir de celui du travail nous assistons a un effet de ciseau entre le Nord et le Sud affaiblissement du trav
80. e par l Ancien Pr sident de l AG et Ambassadeur du Qatar a NY enfin une nouvelle initiative iranienne prise il y a pr s de deux ans visant promouvoir un monde exempt de l extr misme et de la violence qui a t lanc e dans le contexte de l Assembl e g n rale des Nations Unies et qui vise orienter le travail de l ONU dans cette voie La vocation f d ratrice de la D cennie Dans le cadre du suivi apport la D cennie sur la culture de la paix la Conf rence g n rale de l UNESCO a proclam l Ann e internationale sur le rapprochement des cultures qui est devenue ensuite D cennie internationale Il est apparu que le concept de rapprochement des cultures tait celui qui permettait de f d rer au mieux les diff rentes approches promues par les uns et les autres et de toucher plusieurs dimensions culturelles concept de civilisations dialogue interreligieux envisag comme une composante du dialogue interculturel promotion de la non violence par le rapprochement des peuples L Assembl e g n rale de l ONU a ainsi ent rin cette D cennie internationale lors de la 67 session en 2012 La D cennie est pour l heure l initiative multilat rale la plus large au niveau de son champ d action la plus ambitieuse car nous avons l objectif du rapprochement et non plus seulement la demande de dialogue et celle qui s inscrit le plus dans la dur e puisqu elle court jusqu en 2022 Elle peut constituer un cadre f d rateur po
81. e space to the most diverse cultural expressions The only criterion was literary quality and humanistic values From 20 to 21 November 2014 UNESCO and Villa Ocampo organized a series of important activities in Buenos Aires to launch a new phase of the Villa Ocampo Programme These activities all had a common theme that of Victoria Ocampo s legacy and her close connection with UNESCO s mandate within the international system The activities were supported by the Ministry of Culture of Argentina and organized by civil society institutions United Nations and the academic community The basic outline of the new Villa Ocampo Programme will be carried out by relating UNESCO s own specializations and the broad ranging intellectual and cultural legacy left by Victoria Ocampo Fr d ric Vacheron Page 2 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE PLE VE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 Within the framework of this new scenario projects are being planned to promote support exchange and training aimed at governments and civil society in the countries of the sub region Among the above mentioned proposals Colmenar is an exchange and reflection project geared to converting Villa Ocampo into a laboratory for ideas that will anticipate emerging trends with the ability to formulate forecasts and recommendations in the field of culture l see Villa Ocampo as a place of our own and of those who come with valuable contributions
82. emment pas de recette miracle a proposer Je fais simplement ce constat et ce sera ma conclusion J ai eu le privil ge de pr sider pendant 6 ans 2008 2014 la Fondation Euro M diterran enne Anna Lindh pour le Dialogue des Cultures Anna Lindh tait la ministre des affaires trang res su doise assassin e au milieu des ann es 2000 En acceptant ce mandat des 43 pays membres fondateurs de cette Fondation les 27 pays de l Union Europ enne et leurs 16 partenaires du sud de la M diterran e j avais d clar d entr e de jeu que dans l archa sme du moment je ne me sentais pas de c l brer la culture dans son mode esth tique motionnel ou seulement artistique Le temps reviendra de f ter la culture Mais aujourd hui la culture est en situation de responsabilit et dans une posture qui est celle de la r sistance car elle peut faire ce que la politique ne sait plus faire elle va mettre de c t l motion elle va essayer d tre l espace de p dagogie le levier de rencontre et de convergence qui va d abord donner un peu plus de cr dibilit peut tre de l gitimit et si possible d efficacit notre volont commune de reconqu rir la notion primaire mais perdue du respect pour tous adoss la capacit de s couter d tre ensemble Permettez moi de prendre le risque de partager avec vous pendant quelques secondes ce t moignage personnel Je suis marocain je suis juif je suis arabe je suis berb re et j
83. en cultures and and open up institutional structures and international cooperation for intercultural dialogue In concrete terms following suggestions should be introduced and implemented in the strategy of the Action Plan e to give ample applied consideration to the building of inter cultural competences for democratic culture and intercultural dialogue in culturally diverse democratic societies This would require a rethinking and revisiting of the concept of citizenship in a global context e to strengthen multi level and multi actor governance in cross cutting intercultural activities through increased inter institutional cooperation between across and beyond states regions peoples civil societies persons disciplines L once Bekemans Page 10 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE PLE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 to valorise the role of intercultural education in various formal informal and non formal levels and practices of learning Differentiating learning tools should be promoted in bridging theory with practice in concept content and format This could be done through cooperation and partnerships in capacity building and trespassing traditional boundaries It is often through small scale joints actions and common projects i e living together by doing together in intercultural realities that an integral human development perspective of education favours active and responsible citizenship buil
84. ences sociales et humaines pour l laboration du Plan substantiel des documents conceptuels et des guides pour la D cennie internationale C est un outil pr cieux dont se serviront les Etats membres de l UNESCO et ses partenaires internationaux dans le cadre de l impl mentation du programme Je saisis cette occasion pour vous f liciter Mme AI Nashif suite votre nomination au poste de Sous Directrice g n rale pour les sciences sociales et humaines Je vous souhaite Madame beaucoup de succ s dans vos nouvelles fonctions diplomatiques Mesdames et Messieurs Dans la situation internationale actuelle il est plus que jamais pertinent de parvenir aux objectifs de la D cennie En effet comme nous pouvons le constater aujourd hui le sujet du dialogue interculturel et interconfessionnel occupe une place de plus en plus importante dans l agenda international ll y a soixante dix ans l UNESCO a t cr e comme une organisation appel e g n rer dans les esprits des id es de paix travers la culture les sciences et l ducation Depuis sa mission n a pas chang Son importance n a pas diminu Au contraire elle ne fait que grandir S Exc Nurlan Danenov Page 1 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 Aujourd hui l UNESCO est une grande institution intergouvernementale C est une plate forme unique en son genre pour la culture mondiale
85. endent d montrer que nous ne sommes pas par nous m me ou par nous seuls Nous n avons pas d identit qui nous soit personnelle exclusive d autrui Nous ne sommes que par autrui Hors d autrui point de soi Nous devons donc na tre aux autres la soci t la Cit pour tre C est peut tre ce que voulait dire Henri Bartoli tre citoyen c est avoir la libert de vivre au sein de la soci t comme une personne reconnue qui elle m me reconna t les autres H Bartoli 91 Le rapprochement des cultures exige de chacun une double d marche d appropriation et de renoncement la renaissance soi m me la reconnaissance d autrui par soi dans l espoir certes al atoire d une reconnaissance de soi par autrui Charly Gabriel Mbock Page 3 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 C est au regard de ce mouvement pendulaire entre soi et autrui que le cogito de Descartes m rite d tre socialement interpel la connaissance comme conscience de penser y revient sur elle m me en ramenant et en refermant e soi pensant sur le soi existant de mani re r flexive Pire qu une tour d ivoire nous sommes dans un miroir L on ne per oit que soi Toute postulation de rapprochement des cultures passe par la d construction du cart sianisme individualisant et narcisant qui en refermant le soi sur soi n organise que des insularit s huma
86. ender and diversity groups as well as host communities But more importantly than just talking to them what we need is to listen to them to hear their concerns and also learn their capacities And based on that we try to develop programmes that build on their capacities and respond to their concerns Scott Pohl Page 1 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 Refugees and IDPs have rights and they come with skills and experiences that are crucial to their own survival In our view it is refugees and IDPs themselves who know best the difficulties they face and are the best place to propose solutions Often if we work properly they don t really need an outside support Months ago came back from refugee camps in Africa was there working on a way of trying to improve UNCHR s ability to include people with disabilities in its programme but was interested to see how the camp generally was running was in a remote location and limited services were available on the area There were refugees from six different countries with different languages and religious groups All of them live together in poor conditions with no electricity and limited freedom of movement But what found interesting is that the camp is basically a peaceful place It has its problems it has crime and antisocial behaviors like in any other community but all in all this diverse group of refugees living i
87. endue par une conomie de partage e Quels pourraient tre les m canismes et les ressorts d un tel processus dans un monde o certaines cultures se sont militaris es et o d autres s arment pour s imposer aux autres les subjuguer et au besoin les radiquer leur avantage Les guerres conomiques et militaires portent souvent le masque de la culture Et les guerres culturelles s av rent encore plus destructrices que les guerres militaires Quand celles ci n abattent que des corps les guerres culturelles elles abattent les esprits elles en vident des corps vivants pour mieux lobotomiser les peuples dans un monde compartiment en globalisateurs et en globalis s Federico Mayor VI DERIVE DES CULTURES ET POLARISATION DU MONDE Apr s la d rive des continents le monde assiste impuissant la d rive des cultures De la polarisation Occident Orient nous sommes pass s la polarisation Nord Sud le Sud incluant certains pays d Orient qui avaient fait r ver les Marco Polo Cette d rive confirme des faits d histoire ce n est pas par un amour spontan qu un peuple approche un autre peuple La satisfaction des int r ts de march ou d autres besoins pr d termin s est la motivation premi re de ces contacts Derri re ce qu on a appel rencontre des cultures qui peut tre un choc des cultures ou des civilisations s activent des pr m ditations calcul es que r sume la volont
88. es analyses nuanc es En 2008 le Comit DH Onu avis a critiqu au nom de la libert religieuse la loi de 2004 interdisant dans coles coll ges et lyc es publics le port de signes par lesquels les l ves manifestent ostensiblement une appartenance religieuse Mais en 2014 la CEDH a admis la loi de 2010 qui interdit de dissimuler son visage dans l espace public voile int gral affaire SAS c France Selon la Cour les restrictions la libert religieuse et la vie priv e sont admises si le but est l gitime et la sanction proportionn e L amende est faible 150 E mais le but est il l gitime la cour carte la r f rence la s curit circonstancielle pour se concentrer sur l atteinte aux droits d autrui Elle ne retient ni l galit ni la dignit quand le port du voile est revendiqu par l int ress e mais le vivre ensemble perturb car le visage est un l ment important d interaction sociale En somme interdire le voile int gral est une limite la diversit des cultures La CEDH l accepte Toutefois elle ne l impose pas Comme les pays europ ens sont divis s elle va reconna tre une ample marge nationale d appr ciation cf 2 voie V2 Contextualiser universalisme assouplir universalisme L objectif est d viter un universalisme h g monique qui privil gie une culture dominante Le droit fournit plusieurs outils la marge nationale d appr ciation pour les DH et le principe
89. eveloped in its various recommendations declarations resolutions and initiatives To be educated is to learn and to be able to feel free of any kind of dependence submission or fear It is to be able to create to think to imagine to dream all distinctive and decisive capacities of the human condition This ideal is summarized in the Delors Report Education for 21st Century Learning the Treasure Within 1996 which argues that the education process rests on four pillars learn to know learn to do learn to be learn to live together The current crisis of socialization and value transmission has made the task of education difficult but vital for society building The crucial role of education should therefore be reset within the dramatic acceleration in the speed of social change brought about by the process of globalization In such a changing context we are being urged to rethink the meaning of education as well as the uses and practices of teaching and learning the opportunities for communicating interaction offered by new technologies and the dangers of commodification of human relations caused by the new relation between culture and economy Education should still be conceived as a dynamic process of learning which creates added value and forms a person s integral development It should transmit possibilities and opportunities with conviction intuition and motivation It is always a meeting with the other hence the role of
90. f culture as a close ally to equality between sexes Furthermore each one of the experts submitted a state of the art regarding their respective countries based on the guidelines set out in the report Thanks to this initiative awareness was raised directly in over 100 people together with innumerable other members of the general public in an indirect way thanks to the mass media Support by government authorities from the four countries organized civil society and the academic community reflected the interest in these issues and their introduction into working agendas In this respect information presented on opportunities and challenges for gender equality in the field of creative industries and heritage in their respective countries will be essential to fine tune objectives and design action strategies for future projects framed in the new working hubs for Villa Ocampo as an exceptional intercultural cultural platform for UNESCO and its partners Fr d ric Vacheron Page 4 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 SESSION 4 Memorial processes reconstruction and reconciliation Khatharya Um Associate Professor of Comparative Ethnic Studies and Chair of Peace and Conflict Studies University of California Berkeley Good morning would like to begin by thanking the leadership of UNESCO for the vision that inspires this convening and Christina Von Furstenberg in
91. f education and knowledge These principles include respect for life and human dignity equal rights and social justice respect for cultural diversity as well as a sense of international solidarity and shared responsibility all of which are fundamental aspects of our common humanity In such a vision the fundamental purpose of education should be to sustain and enhance the dignity capacity and welfare of the human person in relation to others and to nature It implies A central concern for sustainable human and social development Sustainability is understood here as the responsible action of individual and societies toward a better future for all locally and globally one in which social justice and environmental stewardship guide socio economic development In terms of education this implies a central concern for equity inclusion That is an education which does not exclude and marginalize Recognizing the diversity of worldviews There is a need to recognize the diversity of cultures knowledge systems worldviews as well as of conceptions of human well being Alternatives to the dominant model of knowledge must be explored Alternative knowledge systems need to be recognized and properly accounted for rather than relegated to an inferior status Such diversity needs to be considered in education and development policy and practice while being attentive to the need to balance the universal with the particular 2 Consideri
92. f the use of soft power To the EU dialogue is a means to back preventive diplomacy even when faced by global terrorist threats regional conflicts and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction In today s international architecture dialogues and cooperation are essential instruments for the development of international politics and for the promotion of effective multilateralism There are several definitions or conceptions of dialogues in the EU internal system and in the EU external relations There is consensus on the fact that the dialogues are ad intra an instrument for promoting democracy and participation in EU decision making process and ad extra an instrument to implement EU common foreign and security policy CFSP following the human security approach The dialogues provide a clear framework for EU Marco Mascia Page 1 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE PLE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 policy making and would increase the democratic legitimacy that is needed to gain the vital support of the European civil society and public opinion The most significant external dialogues that the EU is carrying out with many third countries worldwide China being the most well known example and with regional groups for instance the Rio and ACP Groups are the Political Dialogue and the Human Rights Dialogue The two dialogues have become an essential element of all partnerships t
93. fety and security but also in terms of finding solutions for them and ending the displaced circle l II touch on a few approaches that UNHCR uses and some tools in order to promote diversity and peaceful coexistence with displaced people and also with those communities who are supporting them First we at UNCHR apply what we call the Age Gender and Diversity approach as a way to ensure that we work with all people and that they have equal rights and funding in attaining these rights And we do this primarily by guaranteeing that people are participating in the decisions that affect their lives This Age Gender and Diversity approach requires us to consult with women men boys and girls of all ages and from different diversity groups groups like ethnic religious and national minorities as well as people with disabilities and other marginalized groups Through the consultations that we have with these people we try to give them a voice to level the playing field within the community that we are supporting We dont want to reinforce the harmful parts of the structures that already exist in communities And moreover we don t want to marginalize people though our programme One of our primary tools in this regard is what we call participatory assessment This is a process through which we promote partnerships in communities through a structured dialogue Essentially what we do is sit down and talk with refugees and IDPs of all different age g
94. fferent behaviors traditions and customs that is the diversity of cultures The definition of culture has long been a controversy and the term is used in a variety of ways One commonly used definition is the whole complex of distinctive spiritual material intellectual and emotional features that characterize a society or social group It includes not only the arts and letters but also modes of life the fundamental rights of the human being value systems traditions and beliefs Migrants move with their cultures generally bringing their customs with them to their countries of residence They move also with their rights The challenges they often face concern safeguarding their rights as migrants and integrating in their countries of residence without losing their identity and their original culture That is coexisting peacefully with the host populations It has become quite difficult now for some migrants and also for some persons with a migration historical background to integrate in some countries practice their culture or live peacefully One reason for this could be the confusion that is growing between migrants and their rights I ll begin first by addressing the guarantee of migrants rights as a means of achieving cultural diversity and peaceful coexistence between migrants and their hosts will then confront the theory of the practice and present the reality of migration and cultural diversity today as well as the lim
95. fied key objectives of responsible citizenship education in today s complex world should relate to i political and multi cultural literacy ii critical thinking and the development of certain attitudes and values and iii active participation i The development of political and cultural literacy may involve learning about social political and civic institutions as well as human rights the study of the conditions under which people may live harmoniously together teaching young people about national constitutions so that they are better prepared to exercise their rights and responsibilities promoting the recognition of cultural and historical heritage and promoting recognition of the cultural and linguistic diversity of society In this perspective increased literacy should favour active communication and participation in democratic societies finally leading to responsible citizenship building Moreover the impact of globalization on our lives necessitates a growing awareness of the existence of different cultures religions and political systems in order to develop respect for the otherness In other words increasing the diversity of peoples in globalizing societies requires a re conceptualization of literacy towards a political and multicultural literacy which might be a vehicle to mutual understanding and learning in multicultural societies and beyond In summary political and cultural literacy requires a life long and a life wi
96. for Human Rights Italie Les Chaires UNESCO sont des p les d excellence qui ont notamment pour force le jumelage n cessaire entre la recherche de pointe et la vision pratique des travaux acad miques lls offrent ainsi une expertise a la charni re des disciplines et des m thodologies qui pourra apporter un clairage certain a notre th matique Mr Papisca vous avez la parole Chers experts je vous remercie vivement pour vos expos s qui nous ont permis d entrevoir les points saillants de la diversit et de sa n cessaire promotion pour la coexistence pacifique Et ce a travers des prismes tr s diff rents aussi bien dans leur pratique que dans leur m thodologie mais qui se rejoignent pour l essentiel dans la d marche de l interdisciplinarit et de la recherche de proc d s porteurs pour la mise en relation et le dialogue dans son acception la plus large Pour continuer dans cet lan de r flexion et d mulation je vous propose de poursuivre maintenant avec un d bat dont les discutants sont Mr Olzhas Suleimenov Pr sident de la Fondation Culture et ancien d l gu permanent du Kazakhstan aupr s de l UNESCO ainsi que Mr Scott Pohl Conseiller principal aupr s du Haut Commissariat pour les R fugi s Samia Djacta Page 2 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE PLE Veo RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 SESSION 3 Intercultural dialogue social justice and resource shar
97. g extensively and states are more and more reluctant to legalize the migrants situations and proceed to their regularization They very often live without rights exploited and discriminated against both in the North and in the South Spreading a culture of human rights of peaceful coexistence and of dialogue of cultures all over the world is badly needed now more than ever Recommendations for peaceful coexistence between migrants and their hosts To promote a culture of dialogue between migrants and their hosts and peaceful coexistence between people there is a need to encourage and inform about the various actions UNESCO has been undertaking in this field and to associate both the migrants and the host populations in safeguarding human rights and promoting cultural diversity and peaceful coexistence Khadija Elmadmad Page 4 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE PLE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 UNESCO has always placed emphasis on the human face of migration and has addressed the implication of the movements of people within its fields of competence firmly embedding its interventions in a human rights framework by referring to its mission to promote the building of peace eradication of poverty sustainable development and intercultural dialogue through education the sciences culture communication and information UNESCO has also acted towards understanding the links between migration and education a
98. gmes et valeurs fondatrices des soci t s CRISE IDENTITAIRE Doudou Di ne Page 2 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 Ces deux d veloppements telluriques se traduisent par un facteur d terminant du rapprochement des cultures une crise identitaire Les identit s nationales sont remises en question dans leurs fondamentaux ethnique culturel ou religieux par les dynamiques de multiculturalisation de leurs soci t s notamment la globalisation conomique lib rale et l immigration La crispation identitaire qui en r sulte se traduit par la mont e du racisme de la x nophobie et l intol rance qui minent le vivre ensemble et sont au c ur des d fis majeurs du rapprochement ou du dialogue intercommunautaire des soci t s actuelles NOUVEAUX ACTEURS CULTURELS Enfin le contexte actuel est marqu par la capacit d influence culturelle de deux nouveaux acteurs lourds des perceptions et des relations interculturelles Le syst me lib ral global est en train de produire un nouvel acteur culturel hybride structur autour du contr le des institutions de production de la pens e par la privatisation de l cole et de l universit et de sa diffusion concentration de l dition et des moyens et technologies d information et de communication par des groupes conomico financiers En derni re analyse cette concentration des moyens et structures d influenc
99. gnized or because they do not integrate in countries of residence and abide by their laws The limits of migrants rights in relation to cultural diversity Migrants rights are not recognized worldly While the international Charter of all migrants the United Nations Convention on Migrant Workers Rights of 18 December 1990 is for the moment the most comprehensive international treaty in the field of migration and human rights it suffers from a marked indifference from all states and particularly from Western states Until now it has been ratified only by 47 countries which are all from the South and mainly emigration countries as it is the case of the countries of the Maghreb This reluctance to ratify this convention highlights how migrants remain forgotten in terms of access to rights as stated in a study coordinated by the UNESCO in 2009 This limitation in the protection of migrants and in safeguarding their rights including their cultural rights is a challenge to be addressed today in order to reach peace and coexistence between migrants and their host populations The practice concerning migrants rights is even more limited than the theory today All over the globe xenophobia racism extremism and clashes between cultures and religions are developing in the North and also in the South Cases of violence and terrorism targeting innocents are reported daily Everywhere migrants are not welcome Irregular migration is increasin
100. has the curriculum on the Silk Roads and other such important topics why not one on the Mekong as the connective thread in Southeast Asia a mapping of another route that cultures travel We need to unmoor the idea of nations and cultural communities from the nation state and to envision the roles of diasporas and of the various and numerous diasporic nodes not just in conflict resolution but in peace building This is especially true of the younger generation This is their world and their future and we need to nurture and empower them to take ownership of that UNESCO has done and can continue to do much to provide guiding definitions of critical concepts such as cultural competencies and help disseminate and seed innovative ideas We need to model this notion of rapprochement Peacebuilding is community building and that too has to be modeled We have a number of institutions from different part of the world represented here in this room that have educational programmes involving peace building Khatharya Um Page 3 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 and global leadership development in some form or another Moreover we have in this room the multiplicity of disciplines regions experiences and perspectives All we need to do is to move from multi to inter to get to interdisciplinary interregionality interconnectivity interactivity And we have in the same room peop
101. hing the International Criminal Court ICC and the Mine Ban Treaty Ottawa Convention as well as for the abolition of the death penalty in many countries The EU has significantly influenced domestic and foreign policies of third countries who wish to become EU partners by asking them to comply with a set of prerequisites political and legal like respecting minority rights the rule of law the abolition of the death penalty the strengthening of democratic institutions and of the civil society organizations The prospect of EU membership helped consolidate democracy and the rule of law in Central and Eastern European countries The EU linked substantial progress on respect for democracy principles of international law and human rights in many development countries since the Lom Convention In conclusion we affirm that intercultural dialogue is set on a global stage and comprises the relations of the southern and northern countries of the world rich and poor countries non democratic countries and ones with advanced democracies Intercultural dialogue ought to be cultivated as any other dialogue throughout the seasons but especially in stark periods as the one we are experiencing today The existing EU dialogues are an institutional opportunity interstice to promote both intercultural dialogue then to enhance the rapprochement of cultures Marco Mascia Page 3 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE PLE VE RAPPROCHEMENT
102. hristianisme et l islam Il faudrait faire cette conf rence J rusalem Et la sixi me dans la r gion d Altai sur le theme du peuplement de l Asie Centrale Toutes ces rencontres scientifiques n ont fait que tracer les sujets esquisser les premiers contours Leur t che et mission taient d attirer l attention des sciences humaines internationales envers l opportunit d assembler les savoirs d j accumul s dans des domaines sp cifiques de recherche afin de prendre conscience de la possibilit ainsi que la n cessit de la cr ation de l histoire commune et holistique du genre homo sapiens Pourquoi est ce que nous proposons une telle approche d tude par la voie des Grandes migrations C est parce que l homme se d veloppait en se d pla ant sur Terre et en acqu rant les savoirs les cultes les cultures Les Grandes Migrations de l Homme pourraient entrer dans le Plan d Action pour la D cennie du rapprochement des cultures en tant que projet majeur scientifique et ducative de l UNESCO Toutes les conf rences qui ont d j eu lieu jusqu pr sent ont t financ es par le Kazakhstan Mais il est indispensable que le projet soit rev tu d un caract re international y compris par le financement travers d autres sources et pays Nous esp rons qu il soit conclu par une conf rence a Nairobi l o sur le territoire du Kenya actuel comme il est g n ralement admis
103. i lient parents et enfants m decins et malades les associ s les amants les amis et les ennemis Dertouzos 1999 302 L apparentement structurel ou la similitude des morphologies sociales originelles conforte cette hypoth se Il a fallu une profonde d rive conjoncturelle des cultures pour que se produise la polarisation actuelle du monde et le d litement culturel qui en d coule Un effort d arch ologie pist mologique ferait remonter ces puissances de la caverne ces constantes culturelles qui ont toujours port les hommes et les peuples au del des accidents conjoncturels de l histoire de la g ographie ou de l conomie Il ne s agit pas d un retour aux sources qui serait aussi na f qu inop rant mais d un pertinent recours aux fondamentaux culturels de l humanit VII QU AVONS NOUS PERDU ET COMMENT LE RETROUVER e L Esprit de la Rosace et du Tipi C ne Nous avons not avec int r t le proverbe africain cit par M Doudou Diene Pendant que les branches d un arbre se battent les racines elles s embrassent Charly Gabriel Mbock Page 7 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 Structure de Resace Structure conique Le Tipi Indiens Le Tipi est conique et de trompeuse verticalit Il n a aucun pilier central et le centre est vide comme en attente de toute valeur qui pourrait valablement l invest
104. ian state speaks of reconciliation the country has a national commemorative day that was called and is still referred to today as the Day of Anger Finally coloniality of power remains far too visible in arenas of influence in Cambodia There are few unencumbered spaces for Cambodians to remember write commemorate mourn and transmit their histories and experiences With the exception of some memoirs most of the books about this period in fact a disconcerting majority of all that is published on Cambodia are written by non Cambodians Colonialism may have ended but coloniality continues to register in many forms and spaces All of that contributes to the silence that hovers over the Cambodian family both in Cambodia and in the diaspora Under these conditions remembering is a luxury that many can ill afford It is for this reason that we are seeing a surge of post traumatic disorder among older refugees after retirement That said just because reparative acts are not seen or recognized by us through the prisms of our cultural lenses does not mean they have not taken place If reconciliation is defined as contend that it should as the act of reconciling not only with those who have injured us but with the injury itself then Cambodians have been engaged in this process over the last four decades To evoke Derrida we have had to learn to live with ghosts a long time ago Khatharya Um Page 2 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIO
105. ice and cohesion It is becoming a horizontal priority for all relevant EU programmes especially those related to culture education youth and citizenship In this field EU programmes and actions include academic conferences cultural projects and education initiatives In EU external relations the importance of intercultural dialogue is emphasized by the Cotonou Agreement with the ACP States Article 27 states that cooperation in the area of culture shall aim at a integrating the cultural dimension at all levels of development cooperation b recognising preserving and promoting cultural values and identities to enable inter cultural dialogue This is one of the few cases in which an EU partnership agreement contains an explicit reference to intercultural dialogue This is cited also in the Vienna Declaration adopted in May 2006 at the closing of the 4 EU Latin America Caribbean Summit in which it was asserted We recognize that cultural cooperation is essential in fostering intercultural dialogue and mutual understanding Dialogues intertwine are interdependent and share the same objectives of peace and human security They are founded on shared values as proclaimed in the Treaty of Lisbon in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU as well as in the United Nations Charter and in other international legal instruments on human rights They are among the main instruments of the EU strategy of norms promoter and o
106. ictives de ces concepts d identit d Histoire de patrimoines des Nations De plus l UNESCO a aussi explor certaines des grandes trag dies de l Histoire et suscit une riche r flexion sur la nation de reconnaissance de repentir de pardon et de r conciliation qui sont des pr alables conditions pour instaurer la confiance et le vivre ensemble Aussi les travaux effectu s par l UNESCO sur la Shoah travers le Programme d ducation la m moire de l Holocauste ou sur la Traite n gri re et l esclavage travers le projet la Route de l esclave offre des exp riences int ressantes pour une r conciliation autour de la m moire douloureuse et un rapprochement autour des h ritages communs issus de ces trag dies Notre session d aujourd hui discutera des grands drames humains qui ont marqu l Histoire et la m moire des peuples de leur implication pour un rapprochement des cultures et enfin des possibilit s et des conditions pour l apaisement des m moires douloureuses et reconstruire les liens rompus Quels sont donc les d marches les plus appropri es pour g rer ces m moires douloureuses aussi bien au niveau international que national Quelles r ponses politiques sociales thiques et culturelles donner aux demandes m morielles Comment faire de ces trag dies un h ritage commun de l humanit autour duquel peuvent se construire des nouvelles solidarit s et des nouvelles thiques En quoi cet apaisement peut il renforce
107. ies because think that in the range of things that we do perhaps we miss the golden opportunities It is also very clear to me that we will have to consolidate within the House think Sobhi and Ali gave a very good sense of what UNESCO together can do This is not social human sciences this is in the end UNESCO wanting to make its mark and think we have a huge potential So to translate these rich ideas and thoughts into concrete outcomes something for policy suggestions something for important partnerships we heard for Patrice about maybe a mapping maybe a kind of assessment handbooks manuals looking at the conceptual side is it truly about informality Education has not been a great safeguard of values in the last ten years and think we need to think a little bit more about that and about capacity of development in general So we are going to come back to you as my first promise with all the presentations so please make sure that you have yours so that it can go in the collection that we would like to share We will provide a distillation a summary of the highlights of the discussion in order and think we will be able hope to establish a smaller group of people who can accompany us and of course we continue to call upon you all as you have done Thank you very much Nada AI Nashif Page 1 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 CLOTURE Andr A
108. ifs conciliatifs ou clivants int gratifs ou disruptifs IV QUE NOUS REVELE LE QUI SUIS JE Je ne suis que par autrui Ce que je consid re comme mon identit me vient d un autre que moi e La langue fran aise demande Comment vous appelez vous Je m appelle Mme X Mr Y La v rit est que Mme X ni M Y ne s appellent jamais Ce sont toujours les autres qui nous appellent Et c est presqu un signe de d rangement mental que de s appeler soi m me Il existe des cas de difficult ou l appelle son propre nom pour se donner du courage Il n y a pas appel mais interpellation par un d doublement qui exprime un besoin de recours autre personne que soi Dans ma culture comme peut tre dans certaines autres ce d doublement interpellatif a valeur de juron e La langue anglaise demande What is your name Mynameis L adjectif possessif my affirme la possession et la propri t Mais notre nom est une bien dr le de possession et de propri t ce sont les autres qui s en servent le plus presqu exclusivement e Nos pi ces dites d identit confirment que nous ne sommes pas par nous seuls Il ne suffit pas que nous donnions nos noms et pr noms Il faut encore que l Agent de contr le nous reconnaisse qu il atteste que c est bien nous qui sommes sur la pi ce que nous lui avons tendue C est donc par quelqu un d autre que notre identit s tablit Ces trois v cus concrets t
109. in its socialization function The notion however is problematic for several reasons A contested notion The concept of citizenship involves two dimensions On one hand citizenship implies a normative project and a legal status involving rights and obligations On the other citizenship is also an aspiration based on a sense of belonging of collective identity memory and a shared destiny As such the concept of citizenship is subject to a variety of interpretations within nation states and is as a result often contested Any attempt to transpose the notion beyond the nation state to the global level becomes problematic both from a legal perspective as well as from that of the psychosocial dimension related to collective identity It is true that from a legal perspective international normative frameworks have continued to evolve and affect rights and obligations associated with citizenship It is also true that the emergence of post national cosmopolitan or plural forms of citizenship are calling into question more established forms of national citizenship identity Despite these changes national states remain the most important location for citizenship both as a normative as well as an aspirational project In order to dispel any confusion and potential resistance to what may be perceived as a hidden global agenda it is preferable to avoid using the notion of global citizenship Rather it would be more relevant and productive to
110. ines Si ma comp tence de pens e me fait tre comme une individualit insulaire seule ma comp tence d ouverture me fait exister par une identit sociale et culturelle Or exister c est tre hors de soi Non plus je pense donc je suis mais autrui est donc je suis Ce paradigme d ouverture pour la reconnaissance du soi par autrui nous semble d terminant dans le rapprochement des hommes et de leurs cultures Il nous met en demeure de consolider e rationnel par le relationnel Des Existentialistes en ont savamment discut Nous en retiendrons la pulsion d alt rit que d veloppe Heidegger quand il distingue l homme comme un Etre vers Zu Sein et un Etre avec Mit Sein C est dire que pour survivre dans notre oc an de turbulences il faut confectionner des radeaux pour relier les les humaines que nous savons si souvent tre V MAIS QUI SUIS JE POUR CELUI QUI N EST PAS MOI La globalisation en donne un aper u pour avoir e fait du monde un vaste march ou le mot de passe c est Combien e d chu I humanisme en mercantilisme au nom de la culture du b n fice e transform la personne humaine en ressource humaine e tendu le traditionnel capital financier au capital humain e aggrav les fractures socioculturelles par la rage du gain Fran ois de Bernard s en est vivement inqui t L homme crit il est un emp cheur de marcher en rond il est la seule limite encore
111. ing Amanda Machin Researcher at Karl Mannheim Chair for Cultural Studies European Centre for Sustainability Research Zeppelin University Germany The Rapprochement of Cultures in a Climate Changing World Bumps Boundaries Bridges Among the apparent paradoxes of the contemporary world is the simultaneity of the processes of globalization and pluralization The development of new technologies the advancement of science and the growth of networks in communication and trade have not resulted in smooth rational global togetherness Rather the socio political terrain is riven by aggravated conflicts across between and within cultural borders As the requirement for the rapprochement of cultures grows then so do its obstacles As collectives come into ever closer contact identities are defined and defended through the exclusion of others The opportunities for rapprochement lie however in the very shifts and bumps of the terrain No social situation is ever totally settled new pathways are revealed as old ones are blocked apparently unassailable chasms close while new ones open up Unexpected crises and deliberate engineering may facilitate the building of bridges or the erection of borders Today a new force looms on the horizon that threatens to entirely transform the scenario The issue of climate change will inevitably affect the cultural economic and political existence of societies and the relations between them Many scientists
112. ing principles of universal human ethics and separating the two heavy attributes making up the couple representing armed sovereignty the ius ad pacem from the ius ad bellum peace becomes a positive value and is connected to human rights starting with the supreme right to life war is a negative value and as such is to be repudiated UNESCO s Constitution makes this moral legal message even more explicit stating that since wars begin in the minds of men it is within the minds of men that the defences of peace must be constructed And so the reference is to the role of cultures in particular to that of education in the sense of asking cultures to go beyond their respective closed mentalities and their respective monolithic structures and succeed in the complex operation of getting their respective compatible diversities to interact Peaceful coexistence as a peace bringing coexistence is a dynamic process aiming to build up a humanly sustainable world order through dialogue But what kind of world order The issue of world order might seem rather out of fashion following its negative revival at the time of the 1991 Gulf War subsequently picked up again with the war invasion of Iraq in 2003 On these occasions the Presidents of the United States called for a new world order founded essentially on the old inter state law within which the role of the United Nations was to lose its central role and would become ancillary to the role of states
113. ing strong opposition even from states which have a long tradition of respecting the rule of law human rights and democratic principles In short they want to continue to keep the right to peace ius ad Antonio Papisca Page 5 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 pacem as an attribute of their sovereignty closely tied to the much stronger attribute which is the right to go to war ius ad bellum History proves that they make an ill fated pair The issue now is to free peace from the clutches of warmongering sovereignty claims and to bring it into the healthy area of human rights A broad transnational civil society movement has recently gone into action linking the right to peace to the supreme right to life In Italy this has taken the original form of city diplomacy Hundreds of local authorities following resolutions approved by their respective Councils have adopted a petitionary motion drawn up by the University of Padua Human Rights Centre and UNESCO Chair on Human Rights Democracy and Peace together with the National Coordination of Local Governments for Peace and Human Rights It is significant to note that the local authorities which are formally advocating for the recognition of the right to peace are running programmes on intercultural dialogue in their respective locations The above mentioned petition has been sent to the representatives of the member states of
114. ion of knowledge and education as global common goods in the same vein as material and immaterial cultural heritage UNESCO Education Research and Foresight shall be using the Rethinking Education Towards a global common good as a platform for public policy dialogue contextualizing these issues at local national and sub regional levels mid 2015 to mid 2016 Sobhi Tawil Page 3 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE PLE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 CLOSING Nada AI Nashif Assistant Director General for Social and Human Sciences UNESCO Please absolve me of even trying to summarize these two days expert meeting which would be impossible My colleagues have taken very careful notes think we ve had some very rich contributions want to thank you all for also what has humbled us think in understanding the range of what goes on think one has always reminded we are just a small part of the wheel wish had no potential about what we may aspire to do of course but what is possible is a different story We are going to work and think this has been enormously helpful to develop a real road map the milestones that we need in order to be able to say that the decade will make a mark that the decade will provide an added value which is what we want Some places we can perhaps sharpen our focus some places we clearly need to prioritize personally hope that we are able to shed light on some activit
115. iques D partement des Affaires conomiques et sociales Nations Unies New York Une multiplicit d initiatives dans le cadre des Nations Unies Merci a l UNESCO d avoir invit le Secr tariat des Nations Unies en l occurrence DESA a cette r union L UNESCO et DESA coop rent de fa on r guli re sur les th matiques de la culture et du d veloppement et du dialogue interculturel Un rapport annuel est pr sent sur le sujet a l Assembl e g n rale Ce rapport couvre diff rentes dimensions culture de la paix dialogue interculturel dialogue interreligieux promotion de la compr hension mutuelle etc Les th matiques abord es l ONU sont diverses et les initiatives politiques se sont multipli es au fil des ans sur des concepts proches mais qui n taient pas toujours exactement les m mes il y a eu la d cennie sur la culture de la paix et la promotion de la non violence dans les ann es 2000 d cennie qui avait trouv sa source l UNESCO l initiative iranienne sur le dialogue des civilisations lanc es dans les ann es 90 les r solutions annuelles de l Assembl e g n rale sur le dialogue interreligieux et interculturel promues par les Philippines et le Pakistan qui mettent l accent sur la dimension inter confessionnelle de ce dialogue l Alliance des civilisations mise en place sur la base d une initiative espagnole et turque laquelle de nombreux tats membres se sont ralli s et qui est aujourd hui pilot
116. ir La solidit du Tipi ne vient donc pas d un quelconque pilier providentiel mais de sa base largie dont les segments se soutiennent et montent vers un sommet qu ils constituent qu ils consolident et qui lui m me tire sa puissance des seuls segments dont il est la somme Chef de Tribu Roi ou Empereur ce qui importe c est de savoir que dans la culture du Tipi le Pouvoir au sommet n est que la somme des pouvoirs de la base dont il d pend Il s en d gage un cercle d o aucun segment n est exclu Discours sur le colonialisme C taient des soci t s communautaires jamais de tous pour quelques uns C taient des soci t s pas seulement ant capitalistes comme on l a dit mais aussi Charly Gabriel Mbock Page 8 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 e Michel Rocard a d s incliner devant les fondements socioculturels et politiques de l Afrique ancienne Le pouvoir y reposait sur un syst me de prise de d cision coll gial et consensuel La m thode en tait la palabre et l instrument l assembl e de village Au dessus du village chaque niveau d organisation g ographique district ou r gion et royaume ou empire des assembl es de d l gu s fonctionnaient selon le m me principe de consensus S il y a une tradition africaine de prise de d cision collective elle est bien celle de la palabre et du consensus Elle prend du
117. ir que de la pluralit Respectant les diff rences elle recherche les quivalences qui les rendent compatibles Le rapprochement devient alors un moyen d harmoniser les diff rences Un peu comme dans la sph re musicale partir d l ments d abord contraires comme le grave et l aigu l art de la musique en les faisant s accorder ensemble produit l harmonie Platon Le banquet Ex La r daction de l article 1 de la DUDH les hommes sont dou s de conscience et de raison C est le d l gu chinois qui avait demand de compl ter la r f rence la raison en ajoutant le terme iangxin voquant davantage les vertus confuc ennes Issu des caract res liang et xin ce terme qui d signe une sorte de conscience morale proche de l alt rit a t traduit par conscience terme quivalent mais approximatif La cons quence est que la conscience figure aussi dans les versions fran aise et anglaise l article 18 libert de conscience En revanche la version chinoise emploie deux termes diff rents liangxin l article 1 et yishi qui sugg rerait plut t l intentionnalit et le discernement l article 18 P 3 La cr olisation C est le processus le plus ambitieux car il implique une transformation r ciproque qui permet d unifier les diff rences en les int grant dans une d finition commune la cr olisation n est pas une simple m canique du m tissage C est un m tissage qui p
118. ise pour des propositions d actions concr tes Face la polarisation du monde et la conflictualit qu elle g n re nous convoquons l Afrique culturelle profonde dont les structures sociales polysegmentaires et polynucl aires savent organiser les structures mentales pour la convivialit socioculturelle Au del des hommes ce qui se passe entre les hommes Cet espace de vie interstitielle s av re la niche de la nouvelle identit humaine en ce qu il actualise l enjeu de l alt rit Mais comment rapprocher les cultures des peuples sans concilier le culturel et l conomique dans un contexte de financiarisation qui fait du monde un vaste march En associant dialogue culturel justice sociale et partage des ressources l UNESCO met l hypoth se que tout d ficit de dialogue culturel social et conomique pour la satisfaction des besoins vitaux constitue la g chette des duels sociaux Les in quit s socio conomiques victimiseraient ainsi la culture par les intol rances sociales qu elles d clenchent L ins curit socioculturelle grandissante interpelle le monde pour le dialogue interculturel Il s agit de r organiser l entre deux culturel par l invention d une identit humaine relationnelle pour une civilisation du rapprochement Or mon identification comme reconnaissance de mon identit passe par autrui je suis parce qu autrui me reconna t Pour demain la nouvelle identit humaine se doit d tre relationnelle
119. it singuli re L thique s exprime travers la nature des relations humaines et les structures de la soci t mais galement par l esth tique des expressions perceptions et formes culturelles diverses C est sur le terrain de l thique que s op re la connaissance profonde et durable et o les valeurs humaines se confrontent de mani re f conde et se reconnaissent derri re la diversit de leurs expressions culturelles C est donc le territoire le plus f cond du dialogue ou du rapprochement Enfin la troisi me dimension ou la culture s inscrit en plus grande profondeur est le spirituel qui exprime la croyance l adh sion intime une transcendance qui explique et donne sens la vie Nourrissant l thique et exprim e par une esth tique cette dimension constitue la source intangible et premi re de la majorit des identit s culturelles Elle est donc incontournable pour la promotion du dialogue ou du rapprochement des cultures L UNESCO maison du rationalisme n a pas assum par des programmes pr cis l intuition fondamentale des P res fondateurs qui ont dans son Acte Constitutif identifi l Esprit comme le lieu de naissance Doudou Di ne Page 1 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 des guerres et en cons quence le plus f cond pour la construction des d fenses de la Paix Or le retour actuel du religieux comme qu te de sens
120. its of migrants rights and the problem of integration that migrants are Khadija Elmadmad Page 1 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 facing in many parts of the world will finally suggest some recommendations concerning migration and peaceful coexistence Migration migrants rights and the diversity of cultures Migrants have got rights that should be guaranteed in their countries of residence notably cultural rights They have also duties towards these countries A balance between these rights and duties could result in peaceful coexistence and cultural diversity However very often this is not observed which results in clashes between migrants and their hosts Migrants rights are human rights Migration is of different kinds and migrants are of different categories Migrants are internal and international migrants They are also emigrants leaving their countries of origin and immigrants crossing international borders and entering foreign countries They are voluntary migrants who have freely chosen to migrate or involuntary migrants who have been forced to move called also refugees and displaced persons Migrants move regularly with the required documents or irregularly without documents with false documents or in violation of states regulations on migration Specific laws and regulation are applied to different categories of migration called migration law
121. l e d un v u s adresse aux sujets culturels que chacun de nous est en ce monde Le questionnement s en trouve entach de subjectivit et de sentimentalit C est dire que nous sommes sur la toile du monde et chacun de nous fait partie du probl me r soudre Car d s qu il y a toile il y a araign e La n tre est peut tre tapie en nous mentale morale psychologique C est donc un v ritable d fi pist mologique pour l analyste de se d couvrir sujet de son objet d analyse en effet au del de la pluralit des cultures que l analyste peut avoir exp riment e nul ne peut se rapprocher de la culture des autres qu travers sa propre culture C est sa relation personnelle avec sa propre culture qui nourrit et fonde la relation de sa culture avec d autres cultures Charly Gabriel Mbock Page 2 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 Nous sommes ce que nous sommes du fait de nos cultures Nous sommes nos cultures non seulement des tres culturels mais des tres culturalis s Chacun de nous devra donc pr alablement r pondre deux interpellations minemment culturelles e Qui suis je e Qui suis je pour ceux qui ne sont pas moi Notre culture d finissant notre mode de vie et notre perception des autres le c l bre Homme connais toi toi m me nous permettra de d finir nos v cus que ces derniers soient inclusifs ou exclus
122. la coop ration et le dialogue des civilisations C est bien pour cela qu une mission colossale lui incombe celle d organiser la D cennie internationale du rapprochement des cultures Les autorit s du Kazakhstan et personnellement le Pr sident de la R publique Noursoultan Nazarba ev pr tent une attention particuli re aux questions de pr servation des richesses culturelles des diff rentes ethnies de respect de tol rance de dialogue interculturel et interconfessionnel Se situant au carrefour des civilisations le Kazakhstan depuis toujours fut un espace de cohabitation harmonieuse des diff rentes ethnies et cultures C est bien en prenant en consid ration l exp rience accumul e et en observant ce qui se passe dans le monde que le Kazakhstan a initi la proclamation par la communaut internationale de l Ann e du rapprochement des cultures en 2010 et puis de la D cennie internationale a partir de 2013 Le Gouvernement du Kazakhstan fait de grands efforts pour la mise en uvre du programme et apporte le concours n cessaire y compris le soutien financier pour sa promotion L inauguration officielle de la D cennie a eu lieu Astana en ao t 2013 avec la participation personnelle de Mme la Directrice g n rale de l UNESCO Irinia Bokova et du Haut repr sentant du Secr taire g n ral des Nations Unies pour l Alliance des civilisations En juillet 2014 les repr sentants de 110 pays ont pris part Astana la
123. ld therefore be given to the promotion of inter cultural encounters and intercultural learning at various levels which could bring culturally diverse societies closer together IV Education for globalized multicultural societies Educational Challenges in a globalizing world diagnosis Economic political social and cultural challenges in the age of globalization have a drastic but diversified impact on societies states regions peoples communities and persons across the globe The danger exists for a commodification and marketization of education in its contents and outputs neglecting the added human enhancement of the learning process New innovative and peoples oriented human centric approaches are needed to respond to the challenges of fragmented and disturbed societies also with a new culture for education and citizenship in respect of an integral human development including various formal informal and non formal learning places and environments A substantial and urgent need exists for a revisited role and increased responsibility of education in culturally diverse and complex societies This diagnosis of the educational challenges in a globalizing world implies learning to cope with changes uncertainties and risks A focus on competences practices pedagogies case stories testimonies and exercises to stimulate creativity and fantasy is therefore required to bridge the educational gaps and change the mind sets The Right to Educa
124. le on tirer des trag dies de l Histoire pour renforcer et am liorer la lutte contre le racisme et les discriminations Les r actions de tous les Etats membres taient loquentes tous semblaient avoir conscience que d sormais la connaissance de l Histoire est importante pour mettre en perspective nos actions d aujourd hui Par ailleurs quelques mois plus t t le Conseil de s curit des Nations Unies a organis un d bat sur l importance de l Histoire pour construire une paix durable Il y a donc v ritablement une prise de conscience de l importance de conna tre ces histoires tragiques Ces questionnements convoquent deux concepts importants que l on a mentionn s lors de nos discussions d hier Il s agit du concept d Histoire et du concept de m moire Histoire et m moire est un couple terrible dont les relations tumultueuses ont int ress l ensemble des sciences humaines et sociales La dialectique entre Histoire et m moire continue de d fier les simplifications politiques et les instrumentalisations politiciennes Ces deux concepts qui r pondent des besoins diff rents qui suivent des m thodologies et des approches diff rentes et qui explorent des niveaux de conscience diff rents sont pourtant compl mentaires et pas si oppos s qu ils n y paraissent Il faudrait se garder de les opposer car au contraire c est a partir du dialogue entre Histoire et m moire que pourrait na tre une vision holistique et pluraliste de
125. le and institutions with global vision and global reach who are committed to this political project cannot imagine a more fertile ground for the development of some thoughtful and visionary programmes to prepare this generation to be globally engaged and accountable Can we imagine for instance a UNESCO peace dialogue institute that rotates to different sites The UN universities could serve as a hub to bring all of us together who are doing this already but in our own respective corners Perhaps we can even be bolder and envision a UNESCO peace centre in Asia and other parts of the world one that also has a global presence but local embeddedness and ownership These initiatives are imperative not because we are mandated to do something They are important because our generations both older and younger need to be able to imagine and to envision possibilities The youth with whom work see conflict all round them in their families on the streets on the news even on their video games We need to make peace just as real and achievable and we need to grow this idea that peace matters and that what we they each of us do in our own little corner towards that end matters Khatharya Um Page 4 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 SESSION 5 Citizenship education in a plural and interconnected world Laurel Gaylor Programme Coordinator University for Peace UPEACE
126. li id 106 Conclusion Que nous faut il sauver Il faut d j pr server les cultures qui sont en nous et qui existent par nous mais il faut surtout sauver ce qui se passe entre nous et entre les cultures Car les dysfonctionnements sociaux comme les ruptures culturelles y aff rentes menacent de d clencher ce que Maffesoli appelle a disparition de l entre deux id 20 Or c est pr cis ment cet entre deux que l UNESCO entend valoriser par le rapprochement des cultures travers le dialogue interculturel Cette politique culturelle s inscrit dans toute politique pertinente Pour Hannah Arendt en effet la politique prend naissance dans l espace qui est entre es hommes dans l espace interm diaire elle se constitue comme relation Arendt p 42 Car partout o les hommes se rassemblent un monde s intercale entre eux et c est dans cet espace interm diaire que se jouent toutes les affaires humaines Chacun de ces espaces a sa propre structure qui volue au cours du temps et qui se manifeste en priv par des besoins en soci t par les conventions et en public par les lois les constitutions les statuts etc P 59 soulign par nous Cette proposition n incite pas homog n iser les cultures du monde sous pr texte que nous sommes dans un village pr tendu plan taire Elle souligne la n cessit de respecter les Charly Gabriel Mbock Page 10 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA
127. logue is defined as an open and respectful exchange between individuals and groups belonging to different cultures that leads to a deeper understanding of the other s world perception It is meant to learn to live in peace and constructively in a multicultural world and develop a sense of community and belonging and can therefore also be a tool for the prevention and resolution of conflicts and creation of social cohesion What is the impact of such a contextualized notion of intercultural dialogue Its major challenge is that of combining social cohesion and cultural diversity through either an instrumentally integrative approach i e the social cohesion approach aims at a more unified society with political stability internal security economic growth and equal opportunities for all individuals and groups regardless of their origin or a cultural equity oriented approach i e it focuses on the legal or political recognition of defined minority cultures and identities within a territorially defined area Main policies are developed in the sectors of education culture youth and sport It also means that the term intercultural dialogue is strongly normative and seen as a pathway towards the goal of attaining ways of living together However a dialogue between peoples and cultures can also be constructive if it is based on common and moral values In the current tension between economic globalization the need for internal and exter
128. mais galement l instrumentalisation politique de la religion notamment par la violence assignent une responsabilit ontologique l Unesco pour promouvoir dans le cadre de la D cennie par l ducation la science et la culture le r le du spirituel comme source de Paix La profondeur culturelle doit tre mise en lumi re et prise en compte pour permettre la D cennie d inscrire le concept de culture le temps long de l existence des peuples et communaut s La profondeur culturelle traduite par l esth tique l thique et le spirituel la continuit culturelle dynamique entre cultures traditionnelles et culture moderne La profondeur culturelle s exprime par ailleurs dans deux terrains fondamentaux de la culture qui doivent donc tre int gr s au Rapprochement des cultures le patrimoine culturel mat riel et immat riel et les expressions culturelles vivantes B RAPPROCHEMENT Un autre concept central de la D cennie le Rapprochement diplomatique dans sa formulation initiale doit galement tre revisit Ce concept doit tre clair par deux facteurs lourds profond ment li es de la probl matique culturelle l identit et l histoire L histoire des relations entre peuples met en lumi re un facteur fondamental et r current des conflits et guerres la centralit de l identit nationale dans sa construction son bricolage id ologique et son enseignement dans la hi rarchisation culturelle la perception de l alt ri
129. mbines respect with self awareness Conclusion The International Decade for the Rapprochement of Cultures calls for a conceptual and operational framework that deals with diversity on a global scale This requires a socio cultural setting that combines globalization with cultural assertivity and assumes a moral dimension that favours commonly shared values worldwide It implies a combination of activities at various levels with different actors First of all it should prioritize a multi level values driven education framework in a plural and interconnected world The following conceptual and operational guidelines should be taken into consideration Culture is a driving force for genuine intercultural dialogue As such intercultural dialogue is an important instrument in governance building creating mutual understanding trust and confidence It is a vehicle for a more active consensus building citizens participation to create tolerance and respect between different cultures and peoples and to overcome ignorance arrogance fear and mistrust Such a dialogue should be perceived as a path to conviviality and interculturalism in which cultures influence each other without destroying themselves or entering into clashes or conflicts It is therefore a L once Bekemans Page 9 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 crucial path for peace and genuine sustainable development and m
130. me Declaration asserts that all cultures form part of the common heritage of mankind The cultural identity of a people is renewed and enriched through contact with the traditions and values of others Culture is dialogue the exchange of ideas and experience and the appreciation of other values and traditions it withers and dies in isolation Multiculturalism is necessary for humanity As stated in the Mexico Declaration The universal cannot be postulated in the abstract by any single culture it emerges from the experience of all the world s peoples as each affirms its own identity Cultural identity and cultural diversity are inseparable All migrations favor the rapprochement of cultures and encourage multiculturalism Multiculturalism also facilitates the integration of migrants and their peaceful coexistence with their host communities This has happened throughout all history and it is still happening now in some countries It needs only to be encouraged organized and planned by states and communities Since its creation UNESCO has considered the right to cultural diversity as a human right of all individuals Its constitution affirmed in 1945 that the wide diffusion of culture and the education of humanity for justice and liberty and peace are indispensable to the dignity of man and constitute a sacred duty which all the nations must fulfill in a spirit of mutual assistance and concern In addition many international inst
131. mparting theoretical knowledge to enhance political and multicultural literacy in issues such as democracy human rights the functioning of political institutions the cultural and historical heritage etc It is crucial for integral human development that positive civic attitudes and values are developed and active participation be promoted be it at school level or in society at large Values driven citizenship education in a plural and interconnected world If responsible citizenship education aims at empowering and stimulating people to contribute to social cohesion and cultural enrichment with respect for diversity and on the basis of equality then the capacity for constructive conviviality in a multiform cultural ecological and societal context should be promoted by valorizing the cultural dimension of responsible citizenship This includes different dimensions of education as to reciprocity complexity verbal and non verbal interpersonal communication conflict prevention conviviality of differences active participation and peace Learning and teaching intercultural life competences in a globalizing world becomes crucial Intercultural competences are becoming an integral part of what the Delors Report termed as learning to live together Intercultural competences are abilities to effectively and appropriately interact in complex environments marked by growing diversity of peoples cultures and lifestyles It implies that
132. n is inducing and witnessing the translation of international democracy into appropriate action Given the crucial time in which we meet this year 2015 in which the Millennium Development Goals MDGs launched in 2000 to make global progress on poverty education health hunger and the environment are expiring to be replaced by the Sustainable Development Goals SDGs this reality further adds to the challenge of our expert meeting for very effective proposals The formulation of the post 2015 agenda is viewed as the opportunity of a generation Top UN human rights experts have stressed the need to anchor the Sustainable Development Goals in international human rights standards to ensure accountability is employed to make sure they are met Their concrete recommendations include strengthening the reference to protecting fundamental freedoms by explicitly referring to freedoms of expression association and peaceful assembly in proposed SDG 16 Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development provide access to justice for all and build effective accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels Needless to say it is only through intercultural dialogue that this proposed SDG as much as the 16 others are to become a tangible reality Our stakes are high thank you again for having accepted this invitation and am looking forward to a fruitful discussion In welcoming you again in the house of all cult
133. n the aforementioned article 28 of the Universal Declaration into hard facts to the benefit of all human rights for all Antonio Papisca Page 6 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE PLE VE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 SESSION 2 Promoting diversity for peaceful coexistence Khadija Elmadmad Professor of Law and Director of UNESCO Centre on Law and Migration Rabat Morocco Promoting migrants rights for peaceful coexistence between migrants and their hosts Introduction Migration and population movements have been experienced by all societies and throughout history All over the world migrants have contributed to the development of host countries which has enriched their cultural and historical heritage Many countries are now melting pots of races and cultures because their citizens migrated from various continents countries and regions Some of them could be considered as models of peaceful coexistence between different cultures and religions in the North as well as in the South Today more than before migration has become a worldwide phenomenon and cross border population flows are developing in all continents and regions This is because of many reasons notably because of the development of technology and of communication facilities but also because of wars and economic crises Migration leads to increased diversity within societies and this diversity is often based on the coexistence of di
134. n very difficult circumstances coexists peacefully And what is more interesting is that this is not an exception What we see is that we were working with refugees and IDPs whether in camps or in other context generally speaking they are living in peaceful communities and they are working with each other in the host community around them to try to solve their problems We at UNCHR like to think that it is partly related to the work we do to promote diversity and to put people at an equal footing and to give everybody a voice We think that by reaching out to the displaced people on an equal basis it lets everybody have a role in the process and a stake in the result Years ago worked in the north of Sri Lanka during the conflict One of the places that covered was an IDP camp where long term Tamil IDPs from the north had been living in an unstable environment As the conflict intensified and people moved closer towards the IDP camp and new IDPs began to flow in the government sent more military and police to the area after which things deteriorated quickly There was a period of significant increase in violence mostly outside the camp but also inside the camp The IDP communities and the host community started to become scared and what we learn quickly in our conversations with the authorities is that the police were also scared Women men and children of the group of IDPs didn t just fear the police and the military and to an extent
135. nal solidarity and respect for different cultures and religions such a dialogue can be a vehicle L once Bekemans Page 4 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 for conviviality in which cultures influence each other without destroying each other or to clashing with each other Crucial in this perspective is the role of education The learning processes for intercultural dialogue respect for religious diversity and civic education are based on integral human development Places for educational and intercultural encounters are vital for practicing intercultural dialogue in between and within culturally diverse societies Various recommendations initiatives actions and projects have been taken on by UNESCO since its creation to promote intercultural practices within the broad view of culture peace building human rights and sustainable development The Action Plan for the Decade of the Rapprochement of Cultures should therefore build further on the concepts programmes initiatives declarations and previous decades The challenges are to operationalize apply and implement the strengthened conceptual framework for the rapprochement of cultures into action within the rapidly changing international environment This implies identifying and supporting initiatives ranging from small grassroots projects to broadly covered symbolic events in inter institutional cooperation Priority shou
136. nationaux Elles n en ont pas les moyens quelquefois m me pas le mandat Il y a donc un travail de restitution op rer par une grande vari t d acteurs Marc Andr Dorel Page 2 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 et par la soci t civile Ex sur les femmes fatwa lybienne sur le texte de CSW Comment s assurer que ce travail de restitution est assur Il s agit bien l de rapprocher une r alit culturelle d une R intle A l heure de la mondialisation et de la construction d une gouvernance mondiale cet exercice est n cessaire Il peut conduire a une mise en confrontation des cultures mais il doit tre men de fa on rigoureuse et d crisp e au lieu de g n rer des clash Des activit s men es dans le sens du rapprochement culturel ducation change information clair e sont de la plus grande utilit dans ces processus H te d entendre ce que Mme Delmas Marty nous dira sur la question sur les implications de cette internationalisation du droit La culture dans le programme de d veloppement pour l apr s 2015 une avanc e Il n est pas surprenant dans ce contexte que le rapprochement des cultures se soit invite dans le d bat sur le d veloppement parti de rien OMD plusieurs r f rences dans le projet de document final dans la D claration politique tout d abord qui reconnait la diversit naturelle et
137. nce historique a le devoir de r tablir les raisons authentiques qui ont men par le pass lointain et plus r cemment la divergence des cultures Ce savoir condition qu il soit remis au niveau des manuels scolaires peut r ellement aider le rapprochement des cultures Ce savoir aurait pour obligation d clairer les g n rations en rempla ant la litt rature brass e maison qu on appelle l histoire nationale Celle ci en inculquant le patriotisme ethnique et tatique est toujours fond e sur les outrages et le m pris envers d autres ethnies pays et religions Mais l criture d une v ritable historiographie nationale n est possible tant que la base commune des savoirs historiques sur l Homme et l Humanit n est cr e en commen ant par l mergence du genre humain homo sapiens Cet cette t che qu on a d di le projet scientifique Les Grandes migrations de l homme dans la pr histoire et dans l histoire ancienne qui est mis en place sous les bonnes augures de l UNESCO Traduction du russe vers fran ais Olzhas Suleimenov Page 1 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 La premi re conf rence internationale portant sur le sujet a eu lieu sous le patronage du Secteur des Sciences sociales et humaines de l UNESCO au Si ge de l Organisation en juin 2008 Elle a vu se r unir pour la premi re fois les a
138. nd the challenges raised by intercultural education brain drain gain student mobility and the international recognition of qualifications Furthermore UNESCO has been very active in promoting the 1990 Convention and advocating for the ratification of this convention by all states as well as other legal instruments concerning migrants Besides since its creation UNESCO has been very active in educating for the rapprochement of cultures and of peoples in collaboration with its different partners UNESCO should therefore be encouraged and assisted in this mission particularly by the members of the civil society in all Southern and Northern countries and notably by academia At the same time actions from states and members of the civil society should normally be oriented worldwide towards i placing emphasis on the value of intercultural relations between different ethnic cultural and religious communities as a source of cultural enrichment ii promoting a culture of openness towards migrants and a spirit of tolerance within migrants and their hosts iii defending the rights of migrants and affirming their cultural rights iv sanctioning xenophobia islamophobia racism and intolerance towards migrants and v encouraging more states notably Western states to ratify the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of Migrant Workers and the Members of Their Families of 18 December 1990 the Charter of all migrants
139. ne phase de compression que nous pouvons essayer de r gulariser mais dont rien ne permet de pr voir qu elle doive d sormais se renverser jamais Ill note alors que le serrage de la masse humaine conduit la mont e simultan e du social de la machine et de la pens e dont la triple mar e nous soul ve Aujourd hui la mar e pourrait nous emporter selon des g ologues qui annoncent l entr e dans l re de l anthropoc ne marqu e par l impact de plus en plus fort des activit s humaines sur le globe W Stephen et alia The Trajectory of the Anthropocene The Great Acceleration in The Anthropocene Review 2015 1 18 Qu il s agisse des flux des flux de populations aux flux conomiques et financiers ou des risques du terrorisme aux risques sanitaires et climatiques la globalisation au sens propre nous contraint vivre ensemble En ce sens l espace a r tr ci et les nouvelles technologies ont acc l r les rythmes du temps Voici venue l heure de la grande acc l ration dont t moigne l indicateur d mographique il a fallu trois millions d ann es pour l apparition de l esp ce humaine dix mille ans pour que se forme le monde moderne et que l humanit atteigne en 1750 1 milliard d tres humains deux cent ans pour passer trois milliards en 1950 puis soixante ans pour arriver en 2010 7 milliards En somme la compression des humains est un fait qui nous est impos
140. nement d une civilisation du rapprochement Pendant longtemps les Sciences sociales ont t scientifiques le monde attend qu elles deviennent sociales Apr s avoir lu et crit des livres sur le monde le moment semble venu de lire la soci t pour r crire le monde Introduction Les Concepts et leurs implications Les jalons qui suivent tentent de situer notre point de parole une sorte de lieu g om trique de notre contribution Car chacun de nous part et parle de quelque part l La question du dialogue se per oit comme une interpellation Elle ne surgit g n ralement qu en situation de pluralit quand les diff rences font constater un malaise social ou un risque de conflit ll L interculturalit confirme que la pluralit des cultures implique des relations qui peuvent tre de conflictualit ou de convivialit L expression dialogue interculturel a donc quelque chose de redondant Mais cette redondance r v le que par pr somption de convivialit l UNESCO refuse d admettre le duel interculturel comme hypoth se comme perspective encore moins comme r alit Mais refuser d admettre une menace n limine pas la menace Nous voici donc interpell s sur les menaces qui p sent sur l av nement du dialogue interculturel Cette appr hension pousse l UNESCO formuler un v u et nous mettre en tat de postulation lll Mais loin de se limiter aux seuls objets culturels du monde cette interpellation doub
141. ng education and knowledge as global common goods Sobhi Tawil Page 2 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE PLE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 The principle of education as a public good under strain The principle of education as a public good has traditionally been a foundation of educational governance This principle however is now under strain in a changing global context for learning This is due to Expanded access to formal education witnessed over the past two decades at all levels and which is increasing pressure on public funding Expanded access to information and knowledge through the rapid development of digital technologies This has consequently weakened the monopoly of formal education institutions on the creation and transmission of knowledge Diversification and multiplication of stakeholders involved in education and training at all levels This is a result of both growing demand for voice participation and accountability in public affairs as well as of the need to supplement limited public financing of education Growing engagement of the private non state actors in education with the risk of possible reproduction exacerbation of inequalities in particular when education is opened to the market and to profit making interests Education as a common good Considering education as a common good is an attempt to go beyond the dichotomy of the public and the private Common goods
142. nnected and interdependent in all disciplines of human activity on a global scale The resulting new cultural geography has created a new cultural landscape in which traditional cultural areas L once Bekemans Page 8 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 and old borders cultural linguistic religious and others are muddled thereby creating an unknown landscape with shifting lines and contrasting forms Moreover all cultures are internally heterogeneous contested dynamic and constantly evolving In this new global context peaceful coexistence does not mean living in a tight universal module but fully sharing the richness of cultural diversity In such a world of increased contacts and far reaching social networks intercultural communication is more necessary than ever to understand owns culture as well as the culture of the other However the art of understanding and managing differences at several levels local regional national and international is quite difficult to put into practice Approaching cultural diversity requires that the broadest possible range of competences be identified and promoted Hence the growing awareness that intercultural competences constitute a very relevant resource and becomes a requisite response to help individuals negotiate cultural boundaries throughout their personal encounters and experiences The UNESCO and the Council of Europe have been a
143. not only a peaceful co existence of different cultures within society but also a reciprocal influence and open dialogue between cultures There are different approaches to define the way that different cultures relate to each other and manage cultural diversity Important is to mutually benefit from intercultural encounters while respecting each other s diversity This internal and external cultural binding element can help to promote tolerance and understanding prevent conflicts and enhance social cohesion In today s globalizing world societies no longer live in isolated territories so their cultures are no longer the specificity of a given society limited by closed boundaries We live in contact with each other more or less intensively and therefore other cultures are part of our daily life This is the result not only of increased migration flows but also of modern technologies which transform communication systems and rebuild relationships The current process of radical transformation of our societies requires new approaches and new types of understanding and managing cultural diversity Cultural differences are today often perceived as an obstacle and a threat to economic and social stability The fundamental question then is how to simultaneously benefit from the opportunities and manage contradictions peacefully and humanly Crucial therefore is the link with sustainable development implying an alignment between the objectives of cult
144. nt le Congr s des leaders des religions mondiales et traditionnelles qui a lieu tous les trois ans a Astana Depuis 2003 ce Forum international s est confirm comme une plate forme permanente de dialogue Il offre aux leaders spirituels aux dirigeants politiques anciens et actuels l opportunit unique pour changer librement d opinions sur les grandes questions d actualit Les 10 et 11 juin prochain la capitale kazakhstanaise accueillera le V Congr s qui sera consacr au dialogue et a la responsabilit des leaders religieux et politiques au nom de la paix du d veloppement et de la s curit Nous nous attendons ce que l UNESCO y soit repr sent haut niveau comme cela a t le cas en 2006 2009 et 2012 Je saisis cette occasion pour rappeler une autre initiative celle du Forum mondial sur le dialogue interculturel qui se tiendra les 18 et 19 mai prochain Bakou en Azerba djan Mesdames et Messieurs En dehors de nouveaux projets avec la participation des chercheurs il est tr s important pour la D cennie Internationale du rapprochement des cultures d encourager et soutenir ceux qui sont d j en r alisation y compris des projets sortant des cadres nationaux De nouvelles id es conceptuelles et nouvelles approches capables d influencer les d cisions politiques les destins du monde et du progr s sont n cessaires aujourd hui A cet effet je voudrais attirer votre attention au projet kazakh
145. nthropologues arch ologues g n ticiens g ographes historiens linguistes pal ographes Autour d un th me Les Grandes migrations des peoples dans l histoire de l humanit jeune L mergence du homo sapiens il y a 150 100 mille ans dans la partie quatoriale de l Afrique de l Est Le recueil des interventions de la conf rence a t publi ici m me l UNESCO en russe fran ais et anglais La 2 me conf rence est organis e New York en 2011 conjointement avec Columbian University sur le theme du peuplement des Am riques La 3 me S oul en 2013 a Hanyang University consacr e au peuplement de l Asie de Sud Est La 4 me toujours sous l gide de l UNESCO a Granada Espagne avec le concours de l une des plus vieilles Universit s au monde celle de Grenade sur le sujet des premi res migrations de l humanit en Europe Dans ces quatre forums on a pass en revue les travaux des anthropologues arch ologues g n ticiens concernant la pr histoire Le cinqui me devrait ouvrir un nouveau chapitre celui de l ancienne histoire avec le point de d part au IV si cle avant notre re quand les premiers crits sont apparus Cette 5 me conf rence on devrait l organiser dans l ancienne M sopotamie l o les civilisations des Babyloniens des Sum riens et des Akkadiens ont vu le jour L o l histoire crite de l humanit a fait ses d buts ainsi que le bouddhisme le c
146. nvisager si le travail peut continuer d tre un lieu central ou le pivot de solidarit s aussi bien dans un monde qui se d sindustrialise que dans celui qui ne s industrialise que partiellement Et subs quemment c est aussi celle du destinataire du r cipiendaire de la solidarit Cette deuxi me question videmment touche finalement une question d organisation d institution Et c est l que probablement r side aussi un l ment important que nous avons d couvert l occasion de chacun de ces dialogues Les traditions religieuses ne sont pas que des voix sans corps ce sont des groupes sociaux La conversation le dialogue dans lequel elles Pierre Martinot Lagarde Page 2 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 acceptent de s engager doit prendre en compte l espace social dans lequel on se meut qui conditionne les relations Dans certains cas dans ces certains lieux le dialogue y existe et est structur dans d autres il ne l est pas ou que partiellement Les conversations engag es sont parties de ce qui existait d j Un climat de dialogue existait au S n gal en Ethiopie la conversation avait t engag e partir de la guerre en Erythr e au Chili la lutte contre la dictature avait permis de maintenir des connivences tablies entre les opposants au pouvoir Cette notion de corps ou cette m taphore est aussi tr s impor
147. obalization Cities have become laboratories of conviviality and living together with all the problems and opportunities multi cultural societies offer Human Civitas as a Community of Multicultural Learning In order to build up life competences for democratic culture and intercultural dialogue a common framework is needed that takes into account the multi layered and diversified institutional and culturally diverse international context This however implies enough sharing to create a multicultural learning space which supports interaction and human integral development Although conceptual institutional and legal frameworks for education and learning exist the operationality visibility and practical relevance are not always clear and the gap between and within societies remain L once Bekemans Page 2 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 Il Notion of Culture and its impact on the Action Plan of the International Decade of the Rapprochement of Cultures Apart from the broad conceptual framework of a values driven citizenship education a conceptual reminder of the contextualized notion of culture might be useful UNESCO defined culture in its 1982 Mexico City Declaration on Cultural Policies as the whole complex of distinctive spiritual material intellectual and emotional features that characterise a society or social group including not only the arts and letters b
148. ognition and be respected as equal And to be encouraged And now let s get back to my bank The mindset and mantras of global business have nothing to do with those basic needs Elli von Planta Page 1 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 Let me now quote the mantras which business in the 21 century is based on and I ll give you 40 seconds to read them yourself e Shareholders are the only group to which the firm must be socially responsible e The goal of the firm is to maximize profits and return a portion of those profits to shareholders e Companies should have no social responsibility to the public or society because its only concern is to increase profits e There is only one social responsibility of business to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits e The idea of the stockholder theory is inconsistent with the idea of corporate social responsibility at the cost of the stakeholder My point is the economy runs on VALUE as opposed to society that is based on VALUES How is all this related to the Rapprochement of Cultures Well it is my strong conviction that there cannot be progress unless we can bridge the culture gap between the VALUES and the VALUE based systems In order to bridge this gap we need to Mind the Gap and Mind the Mindset e We need to accept that the economic system has no space for values VA
149. onal community s intervention to avoid their repetition For me what took place at Belsen at Mathausen at Auschwitz at any concentration camp is as if it had taken place here am Argentine but my homeland is the world The struggle for gender equality she was a founding member of the Uni n Argentina de Mujeres Argentine Women Union during the 1930s and the first woman to join the Argentine Academy of Arts in 1977 was another of the principles they shared But the most important ideal upheld by Victoria Ocampo throughout her life was the need to promote a dialogue between cultures as a key factor for the development of societies Interaction between cultures is fruitful provided the characteristics of each cultural group are respected she wrote in 1976 and believe this is one of UNESCO s creeds as it is mine The first activity organized by UNESCO at Villa Ocampo in 1977 had enormous significance It was the Colloquium on the dialogue among cultures an intercultural meeting lasting five days attended by eminent representatives from the intellectual communities of several Latin American European Middle Eastern Asian and African countries The Colloquium report Fr d ric Vacheron Page 1 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 was published in a special issue of Sur magazine in 1978 The Dialogue among Cultures was in the wo
150. onnement des concepts fondateurs du projet de D cennie Internationale de rapprochement des cultures dont la formulation est plus marqu e par les objectifs diplomatiques de ses auteurs les Etats membres des Nations Unies que par un souci de clart intellectuelle I CLARIFICATION CONCEPTUELLE A CULTURE Le concept central de la D cennie la culture doit en cons quence faire en priorit l objet d une r flexion la fois critique quant a sa signification profonde et contextualis e quant a ses possibilit s de favoriser l objectif de la D cennie a savoir le rapprochement Mon exp rience comme Directeur de la Division du Dialogue Interculturel de l Unesco m a permis d identifier les trois dimensions de la culture les plus pertinentes pour la promotion du dialogue interculturel l esth tique l thique et le spirituel La dimension esth tique qui englobe toutes les formes d expressions culturelles constitue le terrain initial de la perception individuelle imm diate et sensorielle de l alt rit culturelle et de la construction identitaire collective ou nationale Le dialogue interculturel a souvent t con u et pratiqu sur la base de cette dimension r ductrice de la culture La deuxi me dimension de la culture l thique porte sur les valeurs qui fondent l humanit de chaque peuple communaut et groupe Elle constitue en profondeur et dans la dur e la force qui donne sens et substance la construction de cette human
151. ored by the tentacular processes of globalization represents a challenge to social cohesion peace and international security The 2005 UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions shows an awareness of this Its preamble highlights the fact that cultural diversity considered a defining characteristic and common heritage of humanity and which flourishes within a framework of democracy tolerance social justice and mutual respect between peoples and cultures is indispensable for peace and security at the local national and international levels Consistent with this preamble article 1 of the Convention states as an objective to encourage dialogue among cultures with a view to ensuring wider and balanced cultural exchanges in the world in favour of intercultural respect and a culture of peace Antonio Papisca Page 3 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 Intercultural dialogue is expected to generate as stated in Article 4 point 8 of the aforementioned Convention shared cultural expressions and creates what we can call a strongly action and policy oriented trans culture of an axio practical nature It is culture that facilitates the ongoing processes of genuine universalization of human rights all over the world the tangible realization of which begins in towns and villages where people live their everyday live
152. particular for the opportunity to be a part of this conversation So much of what was said yesterday informs our thinking about these huge concepts and processes that we are grappling with memory post conflict reconstruction and reconciliation so my comments will aim at drawing relevance of this discussion to the region Southeast Asia It is a site of some of the greatest dislocations even ruptures of the 20 and 21 centuries including colonization and neo colonization wars refugee crises genocides and perpetuated transgressions on the many principles that we in this room hold paramount but that have received comparatively little attention That said my reflections on Southeast Asia could rather seamlessly extend to many parts of the world Africa Latin America and here in Europe that have witnessed ravaging political turmoil in recent memory The discussion yesterday centered on the question of dialogue Today would like us to shift our reflections from dialogue to silence the meaning of silence and the communicative as well as oppressive power of silence am referring here to the silence that is borne of mass violence and not just of the unimaginable magnitude of death but of the unfillable void that is engendered by disappearances the very absence of the body but not of the hauntings of the past the kind of absence that is always present am speaking of places like Cambodia where close to one quarter of the popul
153. passing the so called contradiction between tradition and innovation In the education processes and transmission of knowledge it is not sufficient to affirm the principle of the centrality of the person The educator and the teacher have to act within the socio cultural context responding to the challenges of global interconnectedness and complexity cultural disintegration and the dispersion and fragmentation of Knowledge This requires an integration of a diverse range of learning sources and levels L once Bekemans Page 6 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE PLE Veo RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 The notion of responsible citizenship includes an awareness and knowledge of rights and duties It is closely related to civic values such as democracy and human rights equality participation partnership social cohesion social justice as well as the knowledge and exercise of rights and responsibilities This goes beyond the legal status and judicial relationship between citizen and state A citizen is a person who coexists in a society The concept is steadily broadening and changing as lifestyles and patterns in our relations with others become more diversified Far from being limited to the national context the notion of harmonious coexistence among citizens relates to the concept of a community embracing all contexts local regional national and international in which individuals live The link between ci
154. r ciproque Mais la voie est troite et le pourquoi reste indissociable du comment D ou la proposition d un projet musique et droits de l homme pour largir la fois nos perceptions sensorielles et nos repr sentations cognitives des autres cultures et r fl chir ensemble l harmonisation travers nos diff rences Mireille Delmas Marty Page 1 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 1 Une raison g ographique ou g opolitique parce que la terre est ronde Au 18 si cle Kant fonde le droit a ne pas tre trait en ennemi dans le pays o l on arrive principe d hospitalit universelle sur la forme sph rique de la terre qui oblige se supporter parce que la dispersion l infini est impossible Projet de Paix perp tuelle publi en 1795 1796 C est du constat que nous vivons dans un monde fini que le philosophe d duit sa vision cosmopolitique tonnamment proph tique les liaisons plus ou moins troites entre les peuples port es au point qu une violation de droits dans un lieu est ressentie partout Au milieu du 20 si cle le pal ontologue Teilhard de Chardin s interrogeant sur L avenir de l homme d Seuil p 295 souligne comme en cho que sur la surface ferm e de la Terre la masse humaine apr s une p riode d expansion qui couvre tous les temps historiques entre pr sentement dans u
155. r le rapprochement des cultures Quel s type s de r cits et de narration du pass tragique faut il favoriser pour que les uns ne s enferment pas dans leur position de victimes et que les autres n adoptent pas une posture de d ni ou d oubli Comment r concilier les demandes de justice et de r paration avec l imp ratif de la r conciliation et de la reconstruction Quel s r le s accorder la justice dans ce processus Tels sont les questions qui se posent nous durant ce panel et qui se posent aussi aux panelistes qui vont intervenir Ali Moussa lye Page 2 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 SESSION 4 Memorial processes reconstruction and reconciliation Fr d ric Vacheron UNESCO Villa Ocampo Programme Director For Sharing Diversity and Building Bridges Villa Ocampo s New Programme a contribution to the Plan of Action for the Rapprochement of Cultures Decade Victoria Ocampo 1890 1979 is one of Latin America s foremost cultural figures and Sur the magazine she founded in 1931 and directed during forty years is widely recognized as the most important Spanish speaking cultural publication of the 20th century During her lifetime she made Villa Ocampo her house in San Isidro neighborhood in the outskirts of Buenos Aires City a meeting point for the most distinguished Argentine and foreign writers and thinkers The house which was fir
156. ractive et volutive qui rapproche peu peu les diverses cultures Le rapprochement doit tre compris comme un processus un mouvement qui incite d passer les m taphores fixistes les DH comme fondations socles piliers ou encore racines des diverses cultures Dans le fascicule Comp tences interculturelles Unesco 2013 Mme Stenou a soulign le r le de la disponibilit s mantique qui admet c t des id es froides d j consolid es des id es chaudes encore en formation On pense la flamme de l indignation qui mobilise les nergies au souffle au sens de pneuma l esprit qui met en mouvement OU aux sources qui alimentent le mouvement Mais la flamme peut embraser le monde guerres humanitaires le souffle d raciner les cultures d territorialisation et les sources les submerger inflation D o l int r t de la m taphore qui pr sente les droits de l homme comme langage commun de l humanit Elle sugg re trois processus dont l effet dynamique est croissant de l change interculturel dialogue a la recherche d quivalences traduction et m me la transformation r ciproque cr olisation Mireille Delmas Marty Page 4 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 P 1 Le dialogue Processus d change spontan le dialogue interculturel permet d am liorer la compr hension et la connaissance de l
157. rade and cooperation agreements as well as of the stabilization and association agreements concluded by the EU The Human Rights Dialogue The Human Rights Dialogue HRD provides a forum for a non confrontational exchange of views and a vital opportunity to foster a culture of human rights including through the transfer of experience in the ratification and implementation of international human rights instruments It is the most important instrument to promote improvements in the human rights situation in Europe and in third countries Dialogue becomes a channel of communication which allows the EU to express concern about abuses and seek information about human rights developments The HRD is complemented by human rights seminars which bring together academic experts NGOs and other representatives from the EU and third country This dialogue is determined on a case by case basis and include the signing ratification and implementation of international human rights instruments cooperation with international human rights procedures and mechanisms fighting against the death penalty torture all forms of discrimination promoting children s rights women s rights freedom of expression the role of civil society international cooperation in the field of justice the processes of democratization and good governance and the prevention of conflict HRD also includes the preparation and the follow up of the work of the UN Human Rights Council
158. rds of Victoria Ocampo the dream of my life 10 December 2013 marked the commemoration of forty years since Villa Ocampo was donated to UNESCO This donation arose from the many coincidences between Victoria Ocampo s values and those of the Organization the role of culture as a determinant for development and inclusion promotion of cultural diversity and women s rights tolerance and opening to other s ideas In fact it was a donation with responsibilities for promoting these shared values for continuing the active cultural life that the property had enjoyed for over half a century for the property to serve in a living and creative spirit for the promotion study experimentation and development of activities spanning culture literature the arts social communication and peace amongst peoples Under its management UNESCO carried out innumerable activities at Villa Ocampo such as the Regional Seminar on Cultural Management Policies in the MERCOSUR the workshop on Places of Memory on the Slave Route in Argentina Paraguay and Uruguay the meeting of 42 Ministers of Education from the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean and the workshop on the declaration of Outstanding Universal Value of Latin American and Caribbean sites on the World Heritage List During the first stage of the 2003 2013 project UNESCO concentrated on the renovation and conservation of Victoria Ocampo s house garden library archives furni
159. reamble adds that the ideal of free human beings enjoying freedom from fear and want can only be achieved if conditions are created whereby everyone may enjoy his economic social and cultural rights as well as his civil and political rights In its article 15 the same covenant asserts that states parties should recognize the right of everyone to take part in cultural life Integration of migrants human rights and peaceful coexistence Migrants need to be integrated in their countries of their residence it order to live peacefully Effective integration or inclusion of migrants depends on their ability to safeguard their culture Khadija Elmadmad Page 2 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE PLE Veo RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 In order to preserve peace and insure peaceful coexistence in a country there is a need to encourage migrants as well as citizens to keep their identities and to practice their cultures provided that this is not in contradiction with international human rights norms as it was affirmed rightly by in the 1982 Mexico City Declaration on Cultural Policies which stipulates that cultural identity is a treasure that vitalizes mankind s possibilities of self fulfillment by moving every people and every group to seek nurture in its past to welcome contributions from outside that are compatible with its own characteristics and so to continue the process of its own creation The sa
160. retation of the jus soli All this requires a radical overhaul of national laws starting from those on immigration It is not an easy journey and it will take a long time for racism nationalism and war hero attitudes to be subdued but it is time to start working on it There are several initiatives heading in this direction in Italy promoted by academics local authorities and civil society organizations and which in many cases go beyond the limits of national laws For example some local administrations grant honorary citizenship to immigrants children regardless of the legal or illegal immigrant status of their parents others present all school pupils including immigrants children with a certificate as pioneers of plural citizenship the principle to which they make more or less explicit reference is that of the best interests of the child set forth in Article 3 of the International Convention on the Rights of the Child As is well known since 1992 plural citizenship has existed within the European Union s legal territorial space comprising a national citizenship and a European citizenship deriving from the former one is a citizen of the UE if one is a citizen of an EU member state So although this citizenship is not directly grounded in human rights and despite its reproducing the ad alios excludendos premise it is still a sign that citizenship can be made plural It should be noted that the European Union is a
161. roduit de l inattendu ne s agit pas de confondre tout mais nous obstinant nos po tiques particuli res de les ouvrir les unes par les autres Edouard Glissant La Coh e du Lamentin Gallimard 2004 pp 84 et 225 C est ainsi que l on peut comprendre et anticiper l volution de la notion de crime contre l humanit qui a toujours comport une dimension collective attaque g n ralis e ou syst matique lanc e contre une population civile impliquant une d personnalisation de la victime Implicitement la notion d humanit a t d finie selon des crit res issus de la tradition occidentale la singularit de chaque tre humain et son gale appartenance la communaut humaine Mireille Delmas Marty Page 5 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 D s pr sent l extension du CCH aux destructions de biens culturels largit cette approche Ainsi le Tribunal pour l ex Yougoslavie TPIY affaire Kordic et Cerkez jugement 26 f vrier 2001 a consid r la destruction de mosqu es avec intention discriminatoire comme une attaque contre l identit religieuse d un peuple qui peut constituer une pers cution constitutive d un CCH car l humanit dans son ensemble est affect e par la destruction d une culture religieuse sp cifique et des objets culturels qui s y rattachent Aussi s est on demand Pourzand 20
162. rop we may be able to speak of post war but not post conflict For many survivors the quotidian violence that they continue to experience in the present is more in the foreground than what had happened in the past 40 years ago It is not to say that it is more important it is simply that it is more present In that sense rather than speaking of re construction or re storation we should aim not for a return to normalcy as it was but for the construction of new positive change We ended yesterday s session with the provocative albeit too short a reflection about power The power to dictate who what and how we are to remember and commemorate that is one of the greatest manifestations of power We often speak of reconciliation justice and healing as if they are mutually reinforcing concepts whereas they may in fact be conflicting such that reconciliation does not always yield justice and justice does not always foster healing Often politics intrude and supplant this very process of healing sometimes in the very name of healing In a country where Buddhists constitute the overwhelming majority of the population and who believe that cremation of the dead is important for the transmigration for the soul that in turn is tied to the wellbeing of the living the preservation and public display of genocide remains as legal and historical evidence and keeps not only the dead in liminality but also the living Even as the Cambod
163. ruments which were enacted by UNESCO deal with cultural rights and cultural diversity Among these instruments we can mention the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity which was adopted on 2 November 2001 This declaration raises cultural diversity to the level of the common heritage of humanity Article 4 of this declaration stresses the link between human rights and cultural diversity and considers Human rights as guarantees of cultural diversity The defense of cultural diversity is an ethical imperative inseparable from respect for human dignity When presenting this declaration the former Director General of UNESCO Mr Koichiro Matsuura declared My hope is that one day it may acquire the same force as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Migrants can contribute to the universality of human rights to the rapprochement of cultures and to international peace and coexistence Fundamental human rights are universal and should be applied to all human beings wherever they are and whatever is their origin or culture At the same time human rights take into consideration the specificities of communities and of cultures Some local or regional traditions and customs are sometimes more advanced than the universal rules For example this is the case of some religious principles relating to asylum and to the reception of refugees and asylum seekers Universality would then be the addition of the rights and cultures applic
164. s Where after all do universal human rights begin In small places close to home so close and so small that they cannot be seen on any map of the world Yet they are the world of the individual person the neighbourhood he lives in the school or college he attends the factory farm or office where he works Such are the places where every man woman and child seeks equal justice equal opportunity equal dignity without discrimination Unless these rights have meaning there they have little meaning anywhere Without concerted citizen action to uphold them close to home we shall work in vain for progress in the larger world These are words written by Eleanor Roosevelt commenting on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights She is referring to the principle of subsidiarity and to the link between the local and the international an increasingly significant link nowadays for the sustainability of the human condition in the age of complex interdependencies From this human sustainability perspective citizenship rights social cohesion and international peace in a context of multi level good governance are terms which are interconnected with one another At the national level the processes of multi culturalization connected to migrations are challenging the realization of human rights and the practice of democracy itself even in the countries which have the longest experience of it In order to implement non violent steps to prevent th
165. s de la culture l esth tique l thique et le spirituel La promotion du pluralisme culturel comme valeur de reconnaissance et promotion de la diversit culturelle et de la diversit des opinions et des id es qui sont les garanties d un syst me d mocratique pluraliste La promotion de la connaissance r ciproque entre peuples cultures et religions L laboration de politiques d interactions entre groupes et communaut s L int gration de l enjeu du Rapprochement et du Dialogue dans deux terrains fondamentaux de la culture le patrimoine mat riel et intangible et les expressions culturelles vivantes L Unesco doit en effet d samorcer une des sources de conflits entre Doudou Di ne Page 3 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 Etats la tendance a la captation nationaliste et identitaire du patrimoine induite par l enjeu de l inscription la liste du patrimoine mondial L Unesco devrait donc promouvoir dans le processus d inscription la r flexion conjointe sur les dynamiques d interactions culturelles historiquement inh rentes au temps long de la constitution du patrimoine culturel Par exemple les temples d Angkor wat sont l expression sur le territoire Khmer dans le Cambodge actuel d une tradition spirituelle le Bouddhisme qui de son lieu d origine lInde N pal s est enrichi spirituellement et esth tiquement dans sa route ver
166. s de survie que multiplient les harc lements socio conomiques d un monde mercantilis Charly Gabriel Mbock Page 11 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE PLE Veo RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 SESSION 3 Intercultural dialogue social justice and resource sharing Elli von Planta Expert international finance participation mechanisms and policies Switzerland First of all would like to thank Christine von Furstenberg for inviting me to this forum and for her courage to do so You will see that this was a courageous move since come from a totally different world the world of banking To prove my point brought some PowerPoint slides No banker would dare to show up without PowerPoints My expertise is the sum total of my observations and experiences gained over many years in the financial sector including those of the banking crisis For almost 20 years worked for the biggest bank in Switzerland was the elected representative of the banks workforce to give voice to around 30 000 people and represent their interests vis a vis the bank s top management In a position like this it is a given that there are two sides But starting out in this function had not the faintest idea on HOW fundamentally different those two sides where So over time became a dialogue expert That meant firstly that had to learn how to engage people who basically don t want to talk to you Secondly had
167. s have an inherent status of universal citizenship in other words inasmuch as they are human beings they are born citizens holders of a primary citizenship which contrarily to the traditional national citizenships is not octroy e bestowed upon them This Antonio Papisca Page 4 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE PLE aE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 citizenship does not cancel national citizenships but makes them derived and so they must be compatible with the paradigm of universally recognized human rights Hence human rights based citizenship is a plural citizenship which unlike traditional national citizenships built on the premise of excluding foreigners ad alios excludendos is characterized by the premise of including human beings any human beings ad omnes includendos A tree metaphor can help illustrate this The trunk represents the status of universal citizenship the roots are universally recognized human rights and the branches are derived citizenships national and sub national which in order to survive need to absorb the life giving sap running up through the trunk that is they must be consistent with the egalitarian nature of universal citizenship Redefined thus where the overarching parameter is the ius humanae dignitatis there is clearly no room for the discriminatory ius sanguinis For administrative civil registry purposes the determining factor is a non nationalistic interp
168. s le territoire Khmer de multiples influences et interactions des peuples qu elle a rencontr Donc les temples sont Cambodgiens territorialement et juridiquement mais sont pluriels spirituellement et esth tiquement Cette lecture plurielle liant esth tique thique et spirituel fait prendre conscience et met en lumi re la profondeur historique et l intimit du Rapprochement des cultures des peuples Pour conclure je propose une m taphore africaine de l arbre comme symbole de la D cennie du Rapprochement des cultures Dans la foret quand les branches des arbres se querellent leurs racines s embrassent o les branches renvoient a la diversit apparente des cultures qui peuvent se quereller tandis que leurs racines qui symbolisent leur commune humanit s embrassent Le d fi est donc de faire en sorte que par l ducation le vivre ensemble le tronc la soci t nourrissent les branches la diversit par les racines l universalit Ainsi chaque branche communaut culture religion verra sa vitalit renforc e par l union au m me tronc la m me soci t La D cennie doit s inscrire dans ce processus de transformation du tronc soci t Doudou Di ne Page 4 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 SESSION 1 Pourquoi un Rapprochement des cultures Etat des lieux Marc Andr Dorel Sp cialiste principal des questions econom
169. s pour l impl mentation du Plan au moyen terme de 2015 2017 Je vous souhaite une bonne continuation et vous remercie de votre attention S Exc Nurlan Danenov Page 4 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 SESSION 1 Why a Rapprochment of Cultures Setting the Scene Alpaslan Ozerdem Co director Centre for Trust Peace and Social Relations Coventry University From an essential perspective the term culture of violence is problematic It perceives some societies as if they are addicted to violence However we could argue that a culture of violence can exist in terms of a socially constructed time period state of mind and strategy To respond to the challenge of culture of violence effectively we could identify three primary issues 1 Since the end of the Cold War the dominant form of peacebuilding the liberal peace has created huge levels of damage in societal relations in war torn societies and globally across the world There needs to be a damage repair aspect in our rapprochement work to provide an enabling fundamental environment 2 The resilience of conflict affected communities shall be considered as the main source of capacities and capabilities in introducing transformation and change in conflict affected environments The IDRC should identify a sub group of priorities for the needs of conflict affected communities The starting point here is
170. s trag dies de l Histoire de leurs cons quences et des moyens de les transcender C est a ce niveau que la D cennie internationale du rapprochement des cultures croise et s articule une autre D cennie que les Nations Unies ont lanc e savoir la D cennie internationale des personnes d ascendance africaine L UNESCO s est tr s t t attel ces questions et cette r flexion pour d finir des cadres conceptuels et des actions concr tes en vue d une part de r concilier Histoire et m moire et d autre part de b tir une paix durable dans l esprit des Hommes Vous connaissez surement les projets de l UNESCO des Histoires g n rales et r gionales qui ont introduit une autre mani re d crire l Histoire en mettant davantage l accent sur les h ritages communs et sur Ali Moussa lye Page 1 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 les processus d interf condation des cultures Il y a aussi les projets des Routes de dialogue que Doudou Di ne avait dirig lorsqu il tait directeur des projets interculturels la Route de la soie la Route d Andalouse la Route du Fer les Programmes M diterran e le plan Arabia et le plan Caucase Ces Routes de dialogue ont permis d illustrer comment les cultures se sont influenc es mutuellement et qu elles ont enfant des identit s plurielles et pluralistes qui remettent en cause les d finitions triqu es et restr
171. ssant a des situations particuli res de post trag dies et de post conflits Des situations o la question de la reconstruction et la r conciliation prend donc une importance cruciale L Histoire humaine est maill e de confrontations et de trag dies qui ont marqu la m moire collective des peuples et qui posent un v ritable d fi leur rapprochement L occultation ou l oubli de ces faits majeurs constitue un obstacle essentiel la r conciliation la coop ration et la cohabitation pacifique La n cessit d apaiser cette m moire douloureuse et de canaliser les haines et les ressentiments h rit s d une Histoire tragique sont des conditions pr alables toute r conciliation et tout rapprochement des cultures La reconnaissance des trag dies de notre Histoire commune et la mise en lumi re de leurs cons quences sur la configuration des soci t s contemporaines actuelles contribuent au d passement de ces obstacles Les Nations Unies commencent comprendre de plus en plus l importance de prendre en compte cet h ritage Par exemple les Nations Unies inaugurent un m morial qui est destin la m moire des victimes de l esclavage et de la Traite transatlantique aujourd hui m me le 25 mars qui est aussi la journ e internationale de comm moration des victimes de la Traite La semaine derni re Doudou Di ne et moi m me avons particip au conseil des droits de l Homme o l une des questions tait quelle
172. st constructed in 1890 as a vacation residence for the Ocampo family became Victoria Ocampo s permanent home since the early 1940s In 1973 she willed her possessions and property to UNESCO considering that my house is particularly suited to host permanent workshops research centers or programs or projects related to film television theater music literature translation or new forms of expression or communication Victoria Ocampo s relationship with UNESCO goes back to the origins of the Organization In 1947 she hosted Julian Huxley UNESCO s first Director General at Villa Ocampo to introduce him to some of the representatives of the Argentine academic artistic literary and scientific community Years later Victoria wrote about this meeting Huxley spoke about UNESCO explaining its aims and operation He was eloquent without eloquence His arguments won me over And several decades later Huxley was one of the first people Victoria consulted before donating Villa Ocampo to UNESCO the last time saw him told him about my Project regarding the donation of the property to UNESCO of which he was aware He approved of it The communion of interests between Victoria Ocampo and UNESCO on the importance of intercultural dialogue and the culture of peace was long and productive It started with her attending the N renberg Trials as audience and with a shared position regarding Nazi crimes and the need for the internati
173. stanais r alis sous l gide de l UNESCO Les grandes migrations des peuples Il s agit d une s rie de conf rences scientifiques internationales qui ont pour le but d tudier pleinement des installations de l humanit sur la plan te Ces tudes contribueront a l approfondissement du dialogue interethnique et au rapprochement des cultures au b n fice de la paix et du d veloppement durable Nous avons propos d inclure ce projet au Plan d actions de la D cennie Je tiens remercier M Dendev Badarch pour sa participation en qualit de repr sentant de la Directrice g n rale la IV T conf rence sur le th me Peuplement de l Europe qui s est tenue en d cembre 2014 Grenade L auteur de ce projet l ancien Repr sentant permanent du Kazakhstan aupr s de l UNESCO M Oljas Souleim nov participe pr sent cette r union nous donnera plus de d tails sur ce projet S Exc Nurlan Danenov Page 3 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 Je suis persuad qu il existe d autres initiatives et plates formes de dialogue internationales toutes aussi importantes et capables d enrichir et de compl ter au niveau substantiel le Plan d actions de la D cennie J esp re que vos points de vue professionnels et vos propositions contribueront l laboration et la s lection de nouveaux projets ainsi qu la mise en ligne des priorit
174. stique ont promu une culture de la rupture et de la conflictualit L Occident r fl chit souvent en termes de Rubicon de blocs de murs Le C sarisme prime au nom de la conqu te d un espace vital dans un darwinisme socioculturel qui exalte la polarit Mars et le bellicisme social Et contre toute attente notre monde se mondialise par compartimentation Si le monde doit bien des r ussites ce que G Durand appelle l arch type culturel constitutif de l Occident il lui doit aussi bien des monstruosit s la Traite des Noirs la Bastille la Colonisation le Nazisme Nous ne citerons pas tout le Discours sur le colonialisme mais le grand reproche de C saire au pseudo humanisme est d avoir trop longtemps rapetiss les droits de l homme d en avoir eu d en avoir encore une conception troite et parcellaire partielle et partiale et tout compte fait sordidement raciste 1955 2004 14 L instinct de conservation par la conqu te ou l limination d autrui aura ainsi tout au long de l histoire occidentale multipli des exp ditions massivement destructrices L humanit a ainsi exp riment les croisades comme guerres des religions les colonisations comme guerres des civilisations et la mondialisation comme strat gie de guerres conomiques et g opolitiques Et par eurocentrisme l Occident a proclam comme universels des crit res sociaux et des param tres culturels ocaux dont la pl
175. t et le refus de la diversit culturelle La d cennie doit donc contribuer d construire les enfermements identitaires et les lunettes culturelles produites par l Histoire Jean Paul Sartre en a soulign la l gitimit en d clarant L important n est pas ce que l histoire fait de nous mais ce que nous faisons de ce que l histoire fait de nous Il CONTEXTUALISER LE RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES La D cennie du rapprochement des cultures doit s inscrire dans un contexte qui le surd termine conditionne et lui donne sens Plusieurs d veloppements importants du contexte actuel sont de nature a influencer sa mise en ceuvre La dynamique de multiculturalisation de toutes les soci t s est r v latrice d un d fi interne majeur En effet chaque soci t doit construire le vivre ensemble et donc le rapprochement de ses communaut s en traduisant la diversit ethnique culturelle et religieuse h rit e de l histoire et de la g ographie en un multiculturalisme d mocratique galitaire et interactif PROCESSUS DE MUTATION Le contexte actuel est ensuite marqu par le fait insuffisamment per u et analys que le nombre et la simultan it des crises conomique environnementale sexuelle familiale etc sont les marqueurs d une mutation Cette mutation r v latrice de la centralit de la question thique et donc du sens et du lien entre toutes ces crises constitue un processus de transformation profonde des paradi
176. t des Cultures Notre Session vient ainsi comme une r ponse vidente l interrogation d s lors que la promotion de la diversit para t tre la cl de vo te d une soci t internationale pacifi e coexistant dans la diversit et commun ment unie pour la paix Compte tenu du laps de temps restreint pour notre session je souhaite passer d embl e la parole aux experts invit s Leur r flexion sur l quation diversit coexistence pacifique aussi bien d un point de vue conceptuel s mantique m thodologique que d un point de vue pratique pourra ainsi nous clairer la fois sur ce qui en jeu mais aussi sur les modalit s d un travail entreprendre au niveau des Organisations internationales l instar de l UNESCO Samia Djacta Page 1 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 Notre premi re intervenante est Mme Khadija Elmadmad Professeur de Droit et Directrice du Centre UNESCO Droit et migrations bas a Rabat au Maroc et dont la mission s att le utiliser les atouts de la diversit et du dialogue interculturel en vue d assurer le droit des minorit s Une expertise de terrain qui a certainement des enseignements pr cieux a transmettre Mme Elmadmad vous avez la parole Notre second intervenant est Mr Antonio Papisca titulaire de la Chaire UNESCO en Droits de l Homme D mocratie et Paix de la Padua University Centre
177. t la deuxi me session de travail de notre r union d expert de la D cennie sur le Rapprochement des Cultures et qui portera sur le th me Promotion de la diversit pour une coexistence pacifique Comme cela a t rappel ce matin cette R union d experts une double ambition d une part il s agit de r unir l expertise pluridisciplinaire autour de la th matique du rapprochement des cultures afin de mettre en lumi re ses enjeux et ses potentialit s et qui interpellent aussi bien la communaut acad mique et politique que l ensemble de nos Etats et de nos soci t s et d autre part il s agit d ouvrir une r flexion argument e et op rationnelle sur les pistes de travail opportunes pour l ensemble des partenaires internationaux en particulier l UNESCO en sa qualit de chef de file de la D cennie afin que cette vocation de la D cennie puisse se transformer en une dynamique productive au service des id aux de paix et des valeurs universelles Cette double vocation permettra ainsi de poser les jalons d une v ritable vision pour le Rapprochement des cultures ainsi que d une feuille de route intelligible pour l action commune en faveur de cette priorit des Nations Unies La th matique de notre session Promotion de la diversit pour une coexistence pacifique se pose comme une continuit naturelle aux d bats de la matin e qui ont port sur l opportunit m me voir la raison d tre d un Rapprochemen
178. tante lorsque l on parle de solidarit Fr quemment la solidarit est reconnue comme valeur mais sa mise en place d pend des institutions Une coop ration effective entre les traditions religieuses est aussi tributaire de l espace politique qui lui est laiss Inversement une telle coop ration peut aussi structurer l espace politique Construire de nouvelles formes de solidarit s autour du travail d cent Nous avons tent de faire ce pas suppl mentaire en Egypte en accompagnant une collaboration entre des institutions comme la fondation Misr El Kheir et BLESS et CEOSS avec l appui du Conseil cum nique des Eglises L exp rience est en court et beaucoup reste encore valuer Les deux institutions ont pris un engagement public de collaboration ensuite ont entrepris une valuation commune des besoins en termes d emplois dans la Haute Egypte et vont ensuite mettre en place des projets pilotes accompagn es par le BIT Le processus mis en place tait graduel tout d abord l expression d un engagement commun sur la base de valeurs partag es ensuite un diagnostic partag puis des projets pilotes accompagn s d activit s de formation et enfin des projets plus grande chelle Le processus n a pas encore atteint cette phase La phase de diagnostic est essentielle Elle provient d une approche classique fond e sur celle du dialogue social qui implique les gouvernements ainsi que les organisations d employeurs et
179. teachers as key agents for change and the need to accompany and respect their role in the educational landscape This implies the need to transmit in an open and critical way ideals and principles that valorise the person at the centre of education systems Education s first task is to form young people into responsible citizens and to provide them with information knowledge competences skills and an open minded behaviour in line with fundamental values such as peace and tolerance of diversity Key competences refer to knowledge skills and attitudes that serve personal fulfilment social inclusion and active citizenship These include the traditional competences but also the more transversal ones such as learning to learn social and civic competences cultural awareness and expressions Citizenship education If education has the priority task of transmitting knowledge and competences that give scope and responsibility to the development of each person some fundamental questions need to be addressed concerning citizenship education These relate to i education of and for all ii education of humanity this involves cross cutting the dichotomy between a humanistic education and a professional education iii education for change this deals with the meaning of creativity and the use of a critical mind iv education to master a variety of languages and finally v permanent education in the search of values this implies sur
180. the Human Rights Council Further a delegation of Mayors has travelled to the Palais des Nations in Geneva to deliver a copy of the first one hundred motions approved by local councils In addition to the principle of subsidiarity to be upheld in the glocal political space this action by local governments beyond state borders is formally legitimized by article 1 of the 9 December 1998 United Nations Declaration on the right and responsibility of individuals groups and organs of society to promote and protect universally recognized human rights and fundamental freedoms Everyone has the right individually and in association with others to promote and fo strive for the protection and realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms at the national and international levels italics added This same UN Declaration which is considered the Charter of human rights defenders who are genuine pioneers of universal and plural citizenship also legitimizes new approaches and actions to ensure due consideration is given them Everyone has the right individually and in association with others to develop and discuss new human rights ideas and principles and to advocate their acceptance Plural citizenship and city diplomacy can legitimately be included under this provision which feel has a logical and productive link with the prospect of generating shared cultural expressions through dialogue and mutual respect such as those advocated
181. the host community but they also feared armed Tamil groups So as it turned out the police military and host community shared some of the same fears as the IDPs They didn t exactly know who presented the danger but they didn t want to take any chances Through a series of discussions with IDPs the police the military and the host community we came to some common concerns that they agreed upon and we started to develop a series of actions to take First we set up weekly meetings between the police and the IDPs In these meetings UNHCR was not only the moderator but also the translator as some of these people had never spoken to the police and vice versa They couldn t communicate in the same language This was the first opportunity for people to break down some of the barriers between them and slowly they developed some trust Together the IDPs and the police came up with certain agreements for example they mapped out areas of the camp that they found dangerous The police and the IDPs also agreed that there is a need for lighting in the camp Violent attacks most often occurred in certain areas that were darker than other areas The violent attacks could be against the police officers or by accident against the IDPs if the authorities didn t know exactly who they were or why they were there So we sat down together and agreed where lighting could come in UNCHR s only role was to provide cellular lighting for them so that they can
182. the warm promise of peace building and that is there are people who are ready to work for the promotion of mutual understanding intercultural dialogue and fostering reciprocal relations with the other and in highly divided societies of post conflict environments 3 For a full engagement of communities in the rapprochement of cultures we need to develop nuanced narrative and targeted approaches for transformation The interconnectedness between the individual the collective the state through to the international level in the creation and maintenance of culture of violence should be recognized Having done this rapprochement efforts should first start within societal units rather than attempting to build bridges between those units Dealing with intra group violence of culture matters would enable to build stronger bridges for intergroup relations later on Alpaslan Ozerdem Page 1 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 SESSION 1 Pourquoi un Rapprochement des cultures Etat des lieux Doudou Di ne Vice Pr sident du Conseil Scientifique de l Institut International de Politique de Civilisation de Edgar Morin Pr sident du Board de la Coalition Internationale des Sites de Conscience Ancien Directeur de la Division de dialogue interculturel et interreligieux de l UNESCO La tradition intellectuelle critique de notre lieu de rencontre nous impose un questi
183. thriving laboratory of multi level governance which has adopted its own EU Charter of Fundamental Rights the central figure of which is the human person as such not the EU citizen Taking into consideration the constitutionally evolutionary vocation of the European Union the University of Padua Human Rights Centre is advocating for a uniform European law that starting from the EU Charter would invert the relationship between EU citizenship and national citizenship making the former primary and the latter derived citizenship Its strapline is why a single currency the Euro and why not a single European human rights based citizenship for all member states Peace and plural citizenship are at the same time both a pre condition for and the outcome of intercultural dialogue But peace is a human right according to the vox populi not yet recognized as such under international law In order to fill this yawning gap since 2012 the United Nations Human Rights Council is drawing up a Declaration on the right to peace recognized as a fundamental right of individuals and of peoples This new international instrument should in particular detail the obligations of the principal duty bearers the states first of all to fully implement the United Nations Charter to finally make the collective security system work to carry out real disarmament starting by controlling arms production and trade Unfortunately the Council s admirable initiative is meet
184. tion Unesco 2005 sur la protection et la promotion de la diversit des expressions culturelles ajoute des principes directeurs dont celui du respect de l gale dignit de toutes les cultures art 2 Ainsi le droit international nous impose de concilier pluralisme et universalisme Il ne donne pas le mode d emploi mais offre des outils pour aller vers le rapprochement des cultures par deux voies diff rentes V 1 Ordonner le pluralisme limiter le pluralisme pour viter un pluralisme qui s pare et oppose les cultures entre elles le droit international pose des limites Pour y parvenir l article 4 de la D claration Unesco dispose que nul ne peut invoquer la diversit culturelle pour porter atteinte aux droits de l homme garantis par le droit international ni pour en limiter la port e cf principe directeur conv 2005 Autrement dit les diff rences ne sont admises que si elles sont compatibles avec les droits de l homme La difficult est que la garantie n est pas la m me pour tous les droits Pour les droits ind rogeables l interdiction des atteintes l gale dignit humaine torture et autres traitements inhumains ou d gradants est absolue marquant en principe une limite commune la diversit des cultures D autres droits vie priv e libert religieuse sont assortis de restrictions quand le but est l gitime et les restrictions proportionn es Ex La l gislation fran aise sur le port du voile d
185. tion in a plural and interconnected world Education is a fundamental human right and important for the exercise of other human rights It promotes individual freedom and empowerment and yields important development benefits The right to education has been universally recognized in Article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 1 Everyone has the right to education Education shall be free at least in the elementary and fundamental stages Elementary education shall be compulsory Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit 2 Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms L once Bekemans Page 5 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 This right has been further guaranteed and elaborated in subsequent legal frameworks at several levels The Role of Education learning to live together Education plays a central role in the development of both human beings and modern societies as it enhances social cultural and economic development active citizenship and ethical values Education is to build peace foster dialogue and enhance understanding in order to build peace in the minds of men as enshrined in UNESCO s Constitution 1945 and further d
186. tizenship building and education is very close and should be strengthened by various tools and initiatives Several diversified learning modes should be promoted and developed that respond to the citizens need for information knowledge capacity and quality to deal with the societal developments of today s world This is the core of the pedagogical approach to citizenship However the teaching of citizenship is not sufficient it is the learning of citizenship that is essential This consists of the development of intercultural skills in context by acquiring operating social and communicative competences through practice experience and dialogue in formal and non formal instruction As a consequence the concept of citizenship could and should be integrated into the educational process in a very integrated way with a horizontal focus from different perspectives Moreover active and responsible citizenship is a lifelong process Learning citizenship is interactive and deeply embedded in specific formal non formal and informal contexts Support should therefore also be given to citizenship learning within civil society as well as within the informal setting of the family Teaching people to learn to become active citizens implies giving them access to the capacities and skills they need to participate efficiently in economic political and social life This also means the knowledge of languages While its aims and content may be highly diversi
187. ture and works of art with highly satisfactory results Restoration works were possible thanks to the contribution by the Argentine State In addition to the State the Municipality of San Isidro a wide range of national and municipal museums the Friends of Villa Ocampo Association the Fundaci n Sur which holds Victoria Ocampo s copyright the private sector and various embassies have generously collaborated with us over all these years Following this stage of the restoration and appreciation through a broad ranging artistic programme involving concerts theatre conferences literary presentations children s programmes art shows contemporary dance movie screenings and filming in the house Villa Ocampo s management now needs to adjust itself to meet the Organization s programmatic priorities As Victoria Ocampo wrote in her donation the property must be used in order to contribute to UNESCO s aims in accordance with its Constitution and to programme activities adopted by the General Conference Villa Ocampo faithful to her owner intellectual and ethical legacy must fulfil the role of cultural rapprochement and contribute to forging a new humanism understood as a new way of being together in the mutual respect of cultural diversity and universal ethics This was the essential principle that guided Victoria Ocampo s role as editor of Sur magazine to build bridges across different cultures and languages and to giv
188. ultural societies that often produce rapidly changing and paradoxical realities They have an impact on identity citizenship and solidarity building democratic cultures and intercultural dialogue The transformation of societies also shapes education in its content levels and format consequently also citizenship education It is important therefore is to recall what we consider as the major conceptual characteristics of the Human Civitas Human Civitas as a Community of Destiny The increasing interdependence and complexity of interactions and relations shape our common destiny in a globalizing world In today s confusing world we often experience a paradox between the rhetoric of the conceptual framework and the reality of facts and perceptions The maintenance of peace the conservation of the environment and the means to enable people to live their lives with dignity all demand common policies Unifying in diversity is the response to past suffering and the challenge of history We are all called upon to work responsibly together to build a peaceful world order The concrete realities of every day however illustrate a growing tension and differentiation among states peoples cultures religion Human Civitas as a Community of Values Values are often rooted in common legal principles and enshrined in binding legal frameworks Fundamental values are based on tolerance humanity and fraternity often further expressed in the recognition
189. upart n ont d int r t qu en Occident bien que certains puissent tre universalisables Modes de gestion sociale Dans sa classification des modes de gestion sociale Sir William Chance distingue deux modes le mode agonistique et le mode h donique Dans une communaut agonistique un individu doit tre pr t d fendre son statut ou d tourner une attaque violente ce qui ne va pas sans une conscience constante du centre dominant Il n est donc pas surprenant que les membres d un tel groupe se pr occupent constamment de l espacement Le comportement agonistique contraste radicalement avec le comportement h donique puisqu il tend clore des interactions actives alors que le comportement h donique tend promouvoir des rapports sociaux 1 Si l Occident ou le Nord agonistique se reconna t dans le premier mode L Orient ou le Sud se reconna t globalement dans le mode h donique L Afrique notamment se classe dans les syst mes sociopolitiques galitaires segmentaires et polynucl aires qui correspondent au mode h donique susmentionn Il s agit de ces soci t s dites sans criture dont Claude L vi Strauss dit n anmoins qu elles sont fond es sur les relations personnelles sur des rapports concrets entre les individus C L vi Strauss 1958 400 et 401 Pour l auteur d Anthropologie structurale ce type de relation est authentique parce que b ti sur un contact v cu C est
190. ur les autres actions r solutions structures des Nations Unies qui demeurent la D cennie ne supplante pas les autres initiatives et les autres textes de r solution dans le cadre d un system onusien qui reste clat et pluriel ce qui ne manque pas de nuire la coh rence de son action et sa lisibilit pour les acteurs ext rieurs Pour r pondre aux aspirations de ceux qui l ont proclam et assumer ce r le f d rateur d initiatives multiples la D cennie Internationale doit tre diverse quant aux th matiques Marc Andr Dorel Page 1 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 trait es et elle doit susciter des initiatives concr tes de terrain qui se rattacheront au cadre qu elle constitue Une forte aspiration contribuer au rapprochement des cultures par le biais d activit s de d veloppement Dans le processus de consultations et de recueil d informations annuel que nous r alisons pour pr parer le rapport du S G il appara t un fort app tit de la part du syst me a promouvoir le dialogue et le rapprochement des cultures Ainsi de nombreuses instances techniques des Nations Unies se sont engag es dans des activit s dans ce sens qui ne r pondent pas a priori au mandat tel qu il tait envisag l origine A titre d exemple le FNUAP ou l ONUSIDA mettent en place des consultations avec des dignitaires religieux de fa on
191. ural diversity and that of social equity environmental responsibility and economic viability In the globalizing context the notion of culture becomes the fourth pillar of sustainable development along with the social economic and environmental dimensions trespassing existing borders L once Bekemans Page 3 EXPERT MEETING ON THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ZANE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES 2013 2022 lil Notion of Intercultural dialogue and its impact on the Action Plan of the International Decade of the Rapprochement of Cultures A third conceptual reminder to the contextualization of the educational challenges in the plural and interconnected world relates to the notion of intercultural dialogue This is firmly based on the respect for cultural diversity Cultural diversity is an essential condition of human society It is caused and fostered by many factors such as cross border migration minorities claim to a distinct cultural identity cultural effects of globalization the growing interdependence between and within countries and the impact of information and communication media Our cultural environment is changing quickly and becoming more and more diversified More and more individuals are living in a multi cultural normality i e facing influences of different cultures in daily life and having to manage own multiple cultural affiliations Cultural diversity is not only a fact and a right to be protected but also an e
192. ures of the world let me finally extend to you my best wishes in this period where the peoples of Western Central and South Asia the Caucasus the Balkans and other regions celebrate the Nowruz through festivities that are bridging the past with the future and that are bringing together peoples of different cultures nationalities religions and languages around a message of peace Let this Nowruz be our spring messenger that carries forward the spirit and goals of this International Decade for the Rapprochement of Cultures Nada AI Nashif Page 5 REUNION D EXPERTS SUR LA DECENNIE INTERNATIONALE DU 24 25 mars 2015 RAPPROCHEMENT DES CULTURES 2013 2022 OUVERTURE S Exc M Nurlan Danenov Ambassadeur D l gu permanent du Kazakhstan aupr s de l UNESCO Madame la Sous Directrice g n rale Excellences chers coll gues Mesdames et Messieurs C est un grand honneur pour moi d intervenir l occasion de louverture de cette rencontre consacr e la mise en uvre de l initiative mondiale la D cennie internationale du rapprochement des cultures Je tiens exprimer ma reconnaissance Mme Bokova Directrice g n rale de l UNESCO pour la convocation opportune de la r union d experts qui est sens e devenir une tape importante de la popularisation et de la mise en uvre du Plan d actions de la D cennie Je voudrais galement remercier le Secr tariat de l UNESCO et en particulier le Secteur des sci
193. usive policies that are respectful of diversity and Human Rights ii To set annual priorities by elaborating and revising action plans programmes or activities il To establish meaningful and lasting partnerships at national regional and international level The Action Plan considers four priority areas on which to concentrate a Promoting mutual understanding and reciprocal knowledge of cultural ethnic linguistic and religious diversity b Building a pluralist framework for commonly shared values c Disseminating the principles and tools of intercultural dialogue through quality education and the media d Fostering dialogue for sustainable development and its ethical social and cultural dimensions But this Action Plan still needs to be informed by a thorough reflexion that should lead to develop a roadmap with milestones towards the implementation of achievable goals in the mid term with clear targets that guide our action To move this commitment forward we need stronger public policies and dialogue to make diversity a positive force for respect and equality We need to inspire new skills and competences new forms of cultural literacy We need insightful policies of cultural diplomacy that reach across borders and highlight the shared heritage and destiny of all humanity This ambition fits perfectly with the mandate of our Organization as a laboratory of ideas But this is based on our capacity to mo
194. ut also modes of life the fundamental rights of the human being value systems traditions and belief These characteristics illustrate the multiplicity and wealth of cultures cultural expressions and traditions These diversified but shared cultural expressions finally make up the world s social cultural and human capital In line with the anthropological definition of culture proposed by the Mexican anthropologist Rodolfo Stavenhagen culture is related to heritage creativity and way of life In policy terms it means we need to distinguish three aspects of culture in the globalizing context i conservation culture as an asset tangible or intangible and a carrier of local identity ii production culture as a commodity which needs to be re produced not only to constitute cultural capital but also as a source of socio economic development and iii valorization culture as a bridge builder and carrier of good relations for social and economic exchange In summary culture is in the first place a source of inspiration and cohesion for social integration and socio economic development It offers an intrinsic added value to societal development Moreover its multiplicity and diversity is a source of wealth and strength This revisited notion of culture has of course implications on the Action Plan of the International Decade for the Rapprochement of Cultures The dynamic and interactive process between the various aspects of culture implies
195. vez l Organisation Internationale du Travail est n e au lendemain de la Premi re Guerre Mondiale Cette exp rience historique est inscrite dans ses g nes L acte fondateur le trait de Versailles reconna t que sans justice sociale il ne peut y avoir de paix durable et donne mission l organisation naissante de contribuer cette paix Mais plus encore que ce moment que ce kairos l OIT est n e d une longue conversation en beaucoup de points similaires a celle qu voque Madame Machin et qui portait non pas sur le changement climatique comme aujourd hui mais sur la r volution industrielle Cette conversation ce dialogue si l on peut utiliser ce mot tait port par des intellectuels le mot en France commen ait merger des fonctionnaires notamment les statisticiens sociaux des sociologues dont notamment Durkheim pr c demment cit par Monsieur Mbock des religieux et comme cette conversation avait lieu en Europe ils venaient principalement des traditions chr tiennes et juives Ainsi la question du travail n tait pas essentiellement une question conomique Adam Smith et Karl Marx n taient que des protagonistes parmi d autres Cette conversation avant de porter sur le juste et la justice portait sur le sens le bien fond de cette volution industrielle qui allait s imposer Comme cela a t justement not cette volution ou cette m tamorphose transformait la morphologie sociale notamment en Allemagn
196. zoulay Conseiller sp cial de Sa Majest le Roi Mohammed VI du Maroc Je suis comme vous l avez dit un commis voyageur de tous les jours de toutes les semaines parcourant le monde pour appeler a la r sistance a cette r gression philosophique et morale qui mine l humanisme et la modernit de nos soci t s et gangr ne la Communaut des Nations Je lisais dans la note conceptuelle remise a chacun d entre nous pour pr parer cette r union que nous sommes dans un temps et dans un moment riches de promesses pour le rapprochement de nos cultures de nos histoires de nos identit s Et lisant cela en mars 2015 je crois r ver Ma perception celle du terrain qui m est la plus famili re me dit au contraire que nous sommes collectivement dans un temps et dans un espace qui sont ceux de l chec de la fracture du d ni et d un univers assi g par des d fis qu aucun d entre nous n aurait imagin tre un jour inscrits dans le br viaire des relations internationales Lorsque j tais tudiant j ai souvenir que nous d battions en permanence entre marxistes et lib raux ou entre partisans de l conomie de march face ceux qui d fendaient une conomie planifi e par l Etat La modernit ordinaire qui existait alors m emp chait simplement de me poser la question de savoir si entrant dans une salle faite de coll gues chr tiens et musulmans le juif que j tais y avait sa place Et j imagine que mes amis musulmans ou

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