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改正医療法・感染症法を考慮した院内感染防止ガイドライン

Contents

1. FIK 24 RURAL BEV AAT FIR 24 BRA ATEMA FRA 24 PERZ A RUILJE FIR 24 C9 BBA 3 1 Pest A HEME EQ
2. 7 VA A D E TH TH IV
3. BEER REDS Ex hi HSA FEIR TES HR FR P A 846 1B HAL BED HEHE 24 Zi BERA 37
4. Ut HAICS Evidence based Clinical Practice Guideline a
5. EH E PU A B E A VRSA VRE RS A E
6. o IV A T y 6 IVA 8
7. IVB 7 8 19 IVA 11 7 4 19 IILA 7 5 35 36 37 T A 7 6
8. 2 3 IC 5 3 2 IA 6 WA 6 1 MA 6 2 6 2 1 560 561 MA 6 2 2 MMA 7 7 1 MA 8 8 1
9. JVC IVA IVA ul xn NA 5 18 VA 1 1
10. Vds 511 515 IVA 2 1 524 525 TILA 2 2 iy 2 3 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 IIIA 2 4 514 531 536 ITA 1 gt 512 514 525 ILA b 2 511 512 513 514 515 526 527 2 4 1 Jib TAA 531 536 TILA
11. MA 7 2 MB VAP CI C 184 1 A Hs blocker IA 8 1 8 2 8 3 MB 9 1 9 2 sucralfate AO pH IB 52 9 8 H2 blocker PPI IA 10 10 1
12. 2 2 1 2 1 1 RTH Ready To Hang 467 468 469 470 471 II B 2 1 2 472 IB 2 1 3 IIB 2 1 4 8 473 IIB 2 2 2 2 1 8 RTH 24 474 475 476 477 JT A 2 2 2 478 479 IB 2 2 3 482 483 484 IMB 2 2 4 A
13. 24 FRA 24 ASIA 24 LA LO EAL A FRIK 24 B A B Vincents angina 135 Kenyon A Ridzon R Luskin HawkR et al A Nosocomial outbreak of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Ann Intern Med 1997 127 1 32 36 138 Pavelchak N DePersis RP London M et al Identification of factors that disrupt negative air pressurization of respiratory isolation rooms Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000 21 191 5 197 HEAS 02 2004 ZS X 138 Haley CE McDonald RC Rossi L Jones WD Jr Haley RW Luby JP Tuberculosis epidemic among h
14. MA 8 2 MA 556 Goodman RA Buehler JW Koplan JP The epidemiologic field investigation science and judgment in public health practice Am J Epidemiol 1990 Jul 132 1 9 16 557 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and control of influenza recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices ACIP MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2002 51 RR03 1 31 558 Biellik RJ Clements CJ Strategies for minimizing nosocomial measles transmission Bull WHO 1997 75 4 367 375 559 William RJ Investigation of Outbreaks In Mayhall CG ed Hospital epidemiology and Infection Control 3rd edition Lippincott Williams amp Wilikins 2004 560 Beck Sague CM Jarvis WR Brook JH Culver DH Potts A Gay E Shotts BW Hill B Anderson RL Weinstein MP Epidemic bacteremia due to Acinetobacter baumannii in five intensive care units Am J Epidemiol 1990 Oct 132 4 723 33 561 Jereb JA Burwen DR Dooley SW Haas WH Crawford JT Geiter LJ Edmond MB Dowling JN Shapiro R Pasculle AW et al Nosocomial outbreak of tuberc
15. 122 IIA THRE RA CRU MA 123 124 IVA HH 126 127 128 TITA A 129 IILA MLE ICTR EATS RATC BV 15 ITA 1
16. HERJE TEMI P HER KERK aba TAANOA FIK TES ER FE Pf 6 9 FRIK FA HEART ea B FT P BIT _ Vr Y Bh ae wes h VASER PERKE REIRA Hawn TTO A
17. jun B 2 86 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 4 REIR PRET WAONA BA CITARE N95 IIIA TA IVA IVA N95 IVA SAIN VER MDR TB XDR TB IVA
18. 165 MA 3 10 166 167 IIB 3 7 4 4 1 166 MA 5 5 1 166 167 IA 5 2 166 167 TA 5 8 177 178 TA 6 6 1 IB 164 Garibaldi RA Burke JP Dickman ML Smith CB Factors predisposing to bacteria during indwelling urethral
19. 412 413 44 TITA 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 JI B E 1 26 1 1 2 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 JI B 1 26 1 2 ICU 435 436 TB 2 1 2 1 1 437 IIB 2 2 2 2 1 29 438 439 440 IIB 2 3 REA 2 4 1 EMA OU AZ ABUS 3 ICD RR
20. 511 551 552 553 554 p 4 4 1 IA 4 1 1 4 1 2 4 2 911 512 514 529 531 555 J A 511 Alvarado CJ Reichelderfer M APIC guidelines for infection prevention and control in flexible endoscopy Am J Infect Control 2000 28 138 55 512 American Society for Testing and Materials Standard practice for cleaning and disinfection of flexible fiberoptic and video endoscopes used in the examination of the hollow viscera West Conshohocken 2000 F1518 00 513 Recommended practices for use and care of endoscopes 2002 Standards reeommended practices and guid
21. 54 ITB 9 4 IVA 9 5 MA V EYE http law e gov go jp htmldata S23 S23HO205 html 18 http www mhlw go jp topics 2006 03 dl tp0314 1b01 pdf 19 http cqhc or jp htm1index htm 20 ICD http www icd umin jp 21 http www nurse or jp senmon kansen index htm1 http www jshp or jp index htm amp http www jscm org icmt index html Dawson SJ The role of the infection control link nurse J Hosp Infect 2003 54 251 257 12 26 Tsuchida T Makimoto K Toki M Sakai K Onaka E Otani Y The effectiveness of a nurse initiated intervent
22. DAI iti REIRA Shy HH Je FIK 24 709 B 8 A Hm 36
23. 171 IIB 2 3 2 172 173 174 T A 2 3 3 166 167 MA 2 4 2 4 1 175 IITB 165 MA 3 1 3 2 3 3 A 16 6 167 TTA CZ SD PICTR CPE TARIR LILMEITS 176 M 48 3 4 MA 3 5 IILA 8 6 166 167 ITA 166 167 ITA 3 8 IIIA 38 9
24. IVA 1 2 IVA 2 2 1 A 2 2 105 IA 2 8
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26. 0 1 73 IVA 5 4 1 MA 5 4 2 IIIA 5 4 8 1 1 MA 5 4 4 23 R MB 5 4 5 0 1 0 1 0 05 MA 5 4 6 MA 5 4 7 MB 5 4 8 1 H 1
27. AM G E AX ny 1 000 mm 3 1 3 1 6070C VOU Ry ERI SIUK 80 C 6 10 Jo 3 1 3 2 0 025 3 1 3 3 60 2 3 4 8 1 4 IIIA 3 1 5 80 10 0 025 Jv LETC
28. 1 15 16 SR ni 19 1 69 1 1 6 RO 10 11 2 17 2 1 0201004 m cu x mm 24 1 25 1 29 1 3 15 2 4 7 9 RO 7 15
29. 106 ILA 2 4 194 IL IA 2 5 107 108 109 110 TTA 2 6 IA 2 7 27 2 8 2 9 2 10 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 4 1 4 2 5 1 12 TA C difficile
30. 5 6 2 2 5 6 3 1 MA 5 6 4 III mg LL F 20 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 6 6 6 7 A 5 6 5 IIA 77 78 79 IA 8 IIIA
31. IB 6 1 TIA 6 2 IIB 6 3 IA 6 4 183 1 C 6 5 MA 6 6 MA 6 7 MA 6 8 MA 6 9 MA 6 10 MA 7 1
32. 55 56 TTA 12 1 2 2002 CDC Campaign to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance in Healthcare Settings www cdc gov drugresistance healthcare 57 12 4 DORK 12 6 MA pi Nem 12 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 1 Step 8 Step 9 S
33. III 28 5 2 MA 6 6 1 199 CILA 6 2 MB 6 3 ITA D 6 4 132 IMA 6 5 199 TILA 6 6
34. MRSA E 19 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 TH A 8 1 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 ILA 8 2 IVA 8 3 MA 9 1 19 IVA 9 2 B FETS 19 53 IA 9 8
35. I C RCT MA 1 I RCT meta analysis II RCT m IV RCT Randomized Controlled Trial X 2 A B C
36. IIIA v CIB 1 TA 1 17 2 2 YAY 3 1 3 2 CIB M 1 2 1 4 1 3 5 MA 2 1 4 1 3 6 B 2 1 4 2 vv IIIA 2 1 4 2 1 ff amp d E150 ROO FR T Bel 1 7 vx 2 1 4 3 59 IILA 2 1 4 3 1 IIIA VA 60 61 62 63 TTA MA 3 1 1 7 B 4 IVB 3 1 2 fi B 3 1 3
37. IA 6 8 1 1 18 IVA SUVA SOR TH IL 1 1 18 IVA 33 34 IILB MF 6 4 6 5 Agr up Dy BR SU x X 6 6 FADARE ETE DELE mp DIY 7 1 35 IVA 7 2
38. 80 81 82 83 IIB 84 85 IIB M A 86 B 87 88 ILA 6 8 28 MA 6 9 89 90 A 6 9 1 91 92 93 ITA 7 1
39. 99 TILA 2 2 1 100 TIA 2 2 MA 2 2 1 2 2 2 101 TIA EG 3 2o 101 IIIA 2 2 3 101 IILA 3 3 1 3 2 4 IRK 3 MB ETH te 3 er Os 4 1 H
40. AE PRSP MRSA MDRP Fit T haf 4 A t GL ck c as mE AR E um BR H5N1 2 3 IVA IVA
41. IVA 145 Updated U S Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Occupational Exposures to HBV HCV and HIV and Recommendations for Postexposure Prophylaxis MMWR Recomm Rep 2001 50 RR 11 1 52 146 Occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens OSHA Final rule Fed Regist 1991 56 235 64004 182 47 Poland GA Jacobson RM Clinical practice prevention of hepatitis B with the hepatitis B vaccine N Engl J Med 2004 351 27 2832 8 148 Puro V Cicalini S De Carli G Soldani F Ippolito G Towards a standard HIV post exposure prophylaxis for healthcare workers in Europe Euro Surveill 2004 9 6 40 3 149 Beasley RP Hwang LY Lee GC et al Prevention of perinatally transmitted hepatitis B virus infections with hepatitis B virus infections with hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine Lancet 1983 2 8359 1099 102 150 Stevens CE Toy PT Tong MJ et al Perinatal hepatitis B virus transmission in the United States Prevention by passive active immunization JAMA 1985 253 12 1740 5 131 Grady GF Lee VA Prince AM et al Hepatitis B immune globulin for accidental exposures among medical personnel final report of a multicenter controlled trial J Infect Dis 1978 138 5 625 38 152 Seeff LB Zimmerman HJ Wright EC et al A randomized double blind controlled trial of the efficacy of im
42. 3 IIIA 105006002 2 ata iI CLOG SER E E IVA 4 1 IVA H Ke 77 oS 1 6 1 1 6 2 fi RS 1 7 yE FEE AS
43. HEPA 188 IIA 1 2 1 4 136 TILA 1 2 1 5 IIIA 1 3 1 N95 199 CIITA 1 4 1 MA 1 4 2 MA 1 4 8 MA FH BERR BEIDE ER Ze P EBBRAE T VI RAER ARDENA fe HORE UOI I3 TIED THUS 1 1 135 C
44. Norwalk Agent BA UK TEES ER FE Pf Burlholdria Cepacia hor 5 AVI MEY TR FRA 24 HONE EA Co BAU ME Ea UR TES B FT P UK A FRA 24 40
45. 74 1984 8 30 33 476 Van Enk RA Furtado D Bacterial contamination of enteral nutrient solutions intestinal colonization and sepsis in mice after ingestion JPEN 1986 10 503 507 477 Vaughan LA Manore M Winston DH Bacterial safety of a closed administration system for enteral nutrition solutions J Am Diet Assoc 1988 88 35 37 478 JJPEN 1998 20 73 76 479 FERR 1991 49 213 217 480 Lucia Rocha Carvalho M Beninga Morais T Ferraz Amaral D et al Hazard analysis and critical control point system approach in the evaluation of environmental and procedural sources of contamination of enteral feedings in three hospitals JPEN 2000 24 296 303 481 Roy S Rigal M Doit C et al Bacterial contamination of enteral nutrition in a paediatric hospital J Hosp Infect 2005 59 311 316 42 Oie S Kamiya A Comparison of microbial contamination of enteral feeding solution between repeated use of administration sets after washing with water and after washing followed by disinfection J Hosp Infect 2001 48 304 307 483 Oie S Kamiya A Hironaga K et al Microbial contamination of enteral feeding solution and its prevention Am J Infect Control 1993 21 34 38 44 Matlow A Wray
46. MA MA MA MA 33 RS AES BR E P AES HR E P
47. total parenteral nutrition TPN 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 1 1 1 CILA 1 1 2 IIIA 1 1 3 MA 1 2 1 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 A 1 2 2 299 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 IJ A 1 3 1 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 JJ A mm 1 4 1 256 257 258
48. 95 IVA 7 7 IN GVEA eNO BEE IVB 7 8 99 96 IVA 7 9 95 97 IVA 7 10 97 IVA T Ye 58 0201004 17 2 1 H 59 Suzuki A Namba Y Matsuura M Horisawa A 1984 Bacterial contamination of floors and other surfaces in operating rooms a five year survey J Hyg Lond 93 3 559 566 6 Hedayati MT Mohseni Bandpi A amp Moradi S A survey on the
49. REN zs Z3 Cie EOD AS ANE ZR C TE RR guy 38 BOE K AS Br FRE PE USOS FL PERS D
50. HA AA 1 1 1 164 165 TILA 1 1 2 166 167 TILA 2 1 1 166 167 IILA 2 2 1 168 MA 2 2 2 169 CIA 2 2 3 IIIA 2 2 4 166 167 III B 2 2 5 PERE EDT TLABT rv e P pi o ES HI 7 00 170 IB 2 3 1
51. 571 TB 1 1 4 VRE MICU 572 573 S74 TT A 1 1 5 VRE 575 576 577 TB 1 2 MRSA 1 2 1 MRSA MRSA 578 TB 1 2 2 MRSA Ze IE TR 2 579 580 TA 1 3 MDRP 1 8 1 ICU 581 582 583 584 585 ITA 1 8 2 586 ILA 1 4 1 4 1 587 588 II B
52. 103 IVA E 0 55w v 2w v9 0 3 w v 99 IIEA 5 3 2 02 MA 98 Weber DJ Rutala WA Environmental issues and nosocomial infections In Wenzel RP ed Prevention and control of nosocomial infections 2nd ed Baltimore Williams and Wilkins 1993 420 49 99 Spach DH Silverstein FE Stamm VE Transmission of Infection by Gastrointestinal 25 Endoscopy and Bronchoscopy Ann Intern Med 1993 15 118 2 117 128 100 Singh J Bhatia R Gandhi JC et al Outbreak of viral hepatitis B in a rural community in India linked to inadequately sterilized needles and syringes Bull World Health Organ 1998 76 93 8 101 2005 2005 75 9 7 89 102 Mourouga SD Copin P Bessmert G et al
53. TES B FT P Y RE 24 ABLE IFK DAV ARE A 3 1 3 14 2 B HBs C A B E QA BER lt 3 35
54. 593 Clostridium difficile JOVAL AIZE RIE 6 1 C fcile Na ILA 62 B I NAP1 027 IB 6 3 B I NAP1 027 TB 6 4
55. B HBs HBs 145 148 IA 3 49 190 IA HB 3 HBs IRRA D HB 3 HBs HBs HBs E HB HBs E HB 3 a 149 150 MA 2 HB HBs it HBs 151 192 153 MA D HBs HBs AST GOT ALT GPT 3 6 1 MB 1
56. 5 2 15 14 18 93 18 8 6 0306002 ACA ATE 22 1 1 23 35 1 5 EE 61 1 1 581 593 594 598 H H o o m ow 7898 ur ck S B UE SE ME NE WE EE XS S X ERE Ep B Bb B 10 12 X i 13 14 moms mu xn 15 j 614 625 1 RRS 16 1 17 IVA 18 VA
57. 133 IIB 6 7 MB 6 8 134 TA IVA 6 9 RIL EIJA 104 Mortimer EA Jr Lipsitz PJ Wolinsky E Gonzaga AJ Rammelkamp CH Jr Transmission of staphylococci between newborns Importance of the hands to personne Am J Dis Child 1962 104 289 95 105 Larson E A causal link between handwashing and risk of infection Examination of the evidence Infect Control 1988 9 28 36 106 Pittet D Hugonnet S Harbarth S et al Effectiveness of a hospital wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene Infection Control Programme Lancet 2000 356 1307 1312 107 Ehrenkranz NJ Alfonso BC Failure of bland soap handwash to prevent hand transfer of patient bacteria to urethral catheters Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1991 Nov 12 654 62 108 McFarland LV Mulligan ME Kwok RY Stamm WE Nosocomial acquisition of Clostridium difficile infection N Engl J Med 1989 Jan 26 320 204 10 109 Casewell M Phillips I Hands as route of transmission for Klebsiella species Br Med J 1977 Nov 19 2 6098 1315 7 110 Mortimer EA Jr Lipsitz PJ Wolinsky E Gonzaga AJ Rammelkamp CH Jr Transmission of staphylococci between newborns Importance of the h
58. IVA IVA 4 IVB MB 3 5 IVA IVA IVA i ay HL
59. Il 7 2 MA 8 1 MA 8 2 204 TILA 8 3 mg VN 205 IT C 9 1 206 MA 9 2 m FTA ae 38 CRY AERTS RIRA C E MA 9 3 MA SSI 10 1
60. 119 ILA 14 115 MA 16 17 MA a l 18 III A 119 120 ILA 1 MIA IA
61. IVA X 3 1 3 2 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 SF ALBEDO RSE MLLER C D MEST UT MEOH 589 590 T1A MB KIE AT VEY SARS IVA MA IVA SARS
62. 3 5 2 70 90 512 514 515 51 512 513 515 529 533 545 511 512 513 515 529 533 543 546 547 548 511 512 513 515 529 533 545 546 547 548 m 3 6 Ko vti BATA 511 512 514 515 529 537 78 549 TIA 3 6 1 3 6 2 511 512 514 525 529 537 549 3 6 3 514 529 550 3 7
63. 71 439 Kohlhardt SR Smith RC Fine bore silicone catheters for peripheral intravenous nutrition in adults Br Med J 1989 229 1380 440 Madan M Alexander DJ McMahon MJ Influence of catheter type on the occurrence of thrombophlebitis Lancet 1992 339 101 103 441 Grune F Schrappe M Basten J et al Phlebitis rate and time kinetics of short peripheral intravenous catheters Infection 2004 32 30 32 442 White SA Peripheral intravenous therapy related phlebitis rates in an adult population J Intraven Nurs 2001 24 19 24 43 Oouzigou C Lamory J Salmon Ceron D et al Short peripheral venous catheters effect of evidence based guidelines on insertion maintenance and outcomes in a university hospital J Hosp Infect 2005 59 197 204 444 Lai KK Safety of prolonging peripheral cannula and i v tubing use from 72 hours to 96 hours Am J Infect Control 1998 26 66 70 445 Homer LD Holmes KR Risks associated with 72 and 96 hour peripheral intravenous catheter dwell times J Intraven Nurs 1998 21 301 305 446 Catney MR Hillis S Wakefield B et al Relationship between peripheral intravenous catheter dwell time and the development of phlebitis and infiltration J Infus Nurs 2001 24 332 341 447 Tager IB Ginsberg MB Ellis SE et al An epidemiologic study of the risks associated with peripheral intravenous catheters Am J Epidemiol 1983 118 839 851 448 Randolph AG Cook DJ Gonzales CA et al Benef
64. 1 N Hi 2 IIIA 4 JASE BED SEHR 4 1 IA 4 2 IIIA m 5 5 1 MB 5 2 1 IB 5 3 1 MB 55 Dellit TH Owens RC McGowan JE et al Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America Guidelines for developing an institutional program to enhance antimicrobial stewardship Clin Infect Dis 2007 44 159 177 56 CDC Management of Multidrug Resistant Organisms in Healthcare Settings 2006 http www cdc gov ncidod dhqp pdf ar mdroGuideline2006 pdf 57 Brinsley K Srinivasan A Sinkowitz Cochran R et al
65. IVA of Tu Ri HBV HCV HTV 145 IILA BE FORO DL CP ARRE CER ER LC BC OR REKT 145 CI A L MA IIIA EPINet MB 2 B 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 145 146 147 ITA TA L
66. Ne 180 II B 1 1 2 IB 2 2 1 MA 2 2 IIIA 2 3 VAP 1 A 2 4 ng MA 2 5 E JPJ REZA T PU ais RT ER e TRUBS CHET ORAS MA 2 6 IA 3 3 1 1 3 2
67. 30 45 185 I 10 2 IB 11 11 1 CILA 12 12 1 MA 180 Tolentino Delosreyes AF Ruppert SD Shiao SY Evidence based practice use of the ventilator bundle to prevent ventilator associated pneumonia Am J Crit Care 2007 16 200 27 181 Lorente L Lecuona M Galvan R Ramos MJ Mora ML Sierra A Periodically changing ventilator circuits is not necessary to prevent ventilator associated pneumonia when a heat and moisture exchanger is used Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2004 25 1077 1082 182 Boots RJ George N Faoagali JL Druery J Dean K Heller RF Double heater wire circuits and heat and moisture exchangers and the risk of ventilator associated pneumonia Crit Care Med 2006 34 687 693 183 Topelia A Harmancia A Cetinkayab Y Akdenizb S Unalb S Comparison of the effect of closed versus open endotracheal suction systems on the development of ventilator associated pneumonia J Hosp Infect 2004 58 14 19 184 Shorr AF O Malley PG Continu
68. 27 28 9 ITA 4 2 99 CILA 4 3 9 IVA T 5 1 MB 5 2 32 TB 6 1 1 18 IVA 6 2
69. 200 TIA 3 54 10 ww mM FAR SEVA BS FEO HO pots ot L CE HERE 2 201 ITA 6 2 1 15 3 201 202 MA 6 3 MA 6 4 MA 6 5 SSI Jv zv MA 6 6 MA 6 7 203 MLB 6 8 ITA 7 1
70. IIIA 2 1 2 ABEL UG PCR AU AR Heg E ay IMA 2 1 3 MA 2 1 4 3 MA 2 1 4 1 1 H 2 1 4 1 2 2 1 4 1 3 58 IIB 2 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 4 1 8 2 MA 2 1 4 1 3 3 2 1 4 1 8 4 3 12 poc ARANDA EM iJ Eia 354 1 Al X
71. A XN 4 1 4 1 1 3 nul Uy MA MA 4 1 2 82 5 5 1 5 2 4 1 3 4 1 4 MB TA 3 MB 5 1 1 5 1 1 1
72. 3 1 3 1 1 IIIA 539 3 1 2 3 2 PD i WD 3 3 R 540 541 542 ITA I 514 FATS 511 512 514 515 523 526 531 536 537 ITA ERR EATS 512 514 515 531 538 ET HERI A 511 512 513 514 515 523 526 529 531 543 544 IILA LE HE 511 518 514 515 529 531 538 539 540 1B 3 4 ICLOA MBC BCAA sea O8 5 mi 531 538 539 540 541 542 I B 3 5 546 547 548 JTA 3 5 1
73. 9 10 1 TH RAS ZR 12 3 13 1
74. 197 ILC 3 3 1 MA 3 2 MA 3 8 MA 4 4 1 MA 4 2 MA 4 3 198 199 ITA 5 5 1 MA 5 2 A
75. 94 95 IVA 7 2 95 TVA 7 8 7 4 7 5 95 TVA 1 IVA 7 9 1 7 3 2 ARTS IVA 7 3 3 GLAIZR BER 95 IVA Ael R d VE DEBE SEI HO ERE E 95 IVA me H 21 95 IVA 7 6
76. MA A 5 2 2 2 EXEC 4 E MA 557 558 IIB 4 MA 1 M 2 3 4 5 5 9 2 3 En ul E 559 83 B 5 3 5 3 1
77. IVA 1 2 1 M A SESS zi 1 2 2 A 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 MA 556 IIA 3 1 IVA 3 2 M
78. O157 H7 FD se fil TES B FT P 0 efit JRA FO ACER RO ES HAP BRET UA EB 34 HIV 2
79. Medline PubMed Cochrane Library Best Evidence Evidence Based Medicine ACP Journal Club 2 2 2000 Medline Cochrane Control Trial Registry b Sackett Chest 1989 95 28 4S I IV 1 TIV 2 RCT
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82. Ms HE 399 IIIB ED MA Jr E V v 401 402 403 404 405 406 IIB H MB 1 24 1 2 No 400 IIB n n d j H 1 24 1 3 1 24 1 4 1 24 2 1 24 2 1 Hew
83. LA 181 I A 4 1 182 1 A 4 2 IIIA 4 3 SARS nee Be B 5 5 1 51 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 A IA CI A I A MB
84. BI SE SAID IAT LAY DR E IRIE NED MA 5 1 2 MA 5 1 83 5 1 4 5 1 5 5 1 6 IMB staal MA 5 2 1 5 9 2 5 2 2 1
85. BEDE B19 Ee HUE E WIR 5 gt HX JENSZRL RSA FIA 72 41
86. 3 2 1 T LL AY 142 HA 3 2 2 14 CITA 3 2 3 1m MA 3 3 1 143 A 3 4 1 44 IIB 3 4 2 IIIA au 3 5 1 MA 3 5 2 MA 3 5 3
87. 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 IT C 1 17 1 ICU 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 I A 1 17 2 II A 1 18 1 356 357 II A 1 18 2 1 2 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 II B 1 19 1 24 366 367 368 369 JJJ A 58 1 21 1 22 1 20 1 1 21 1 378 379 380 IVA 1 22 1 1 22 1 2 1 23 1 23 1 Bae RD 386 387
88. 1 10 1 289 290 291 292 A DFFA ONERE AKER RERIK OR 1 11 1 293 294 295 296 297 TT A 1 11 2 298 299 TEA 1 12 1 MC 1 13 1 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 I A 1 14 1 1 2 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 TITB 1 15 1 319 320 321 322 323 IB 1 16 1
89. 1 4 4 1 4 5 1 4 6 LE 1 4 7 LE BORE PRA IVA T EEA OUR RE dg NIRE A 511 514 515 516 517 518 519 I A 520 521 522 TA 1 4 1 3 1 4 2 i 523 IITA 1 5 1 1 5 2
90. 1994 64 245 250 397 1990 60 315 326 398 1996 164 169 399 1996332 799 802 40 BEET 1996 11 189 192 401 1995 10 40 402 JS BG ean SEAN A LO V C 1998 13 234 237 403 1999314 270 274 404 MRSA PWEDE AY YR ICLOR AWA HR 1998 13 238 244 405 Casewell M Phillips I Hands as route of transmission for Klebsiella species Brit Med J 1997 2 1315 1317 406 Steere A C Mallison G F Hand washing practices for the prevention of nosocomial infection Ann Intern Med 1975 83 683 690 407 Mirtallo JM Caryer K Schneider PJ et al Growth of bacteria and fungi in parenteral nutrition so
91. 485 486 IB 480 481 3 73 3 1 AEP OD EE E CRER RETIRA IED e 5 3 577 2 RV 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 TITB 3 2 502 503 504 II B 3 3 505 506 507 508 JI B 3 4 509 510 TIC 457 Baskin WN Acute complications associated with bedside placement of feeding tubes Nutr Clin Pract 2006 21 40 55 458 Lai PB Pang PC Chan SK et al Necrosis of the nasal ala after improper taping of a nasogastric tube Int J Clin Pract 2001 55 145
92. MA 6 5 Na 200ppm 994 ITA au 7 1 C difficile CITA 7 2 Na 5 CITA 73 1 1 Burkholderia cepacia 4 7 F v BEJESEBEVS JARED HA 23s F aA MB
93. 8 1 0157 88 Bld IVA 8 2 8 3 0157 FT IVA 562 McNeil SA Malani PN Chenoweth CE Fontana RJ Magee JC Punch JD Mackin ML Kauffman CA Vancomycin resistant enterococcal colonization and infection in liver transplant candidates and recipients a prospective surveillance study Clin Infect Dis 2006 Jan 15 42 2 195 203 563 Lodise TP McKinnon PS Tam VH Rybak MJ Clinical outcomes for patients with bacteremia caused by vancomycin resistant enterococcus in a level 1 trauma center Clin Infect Dis 2002 Apr 1 34 7 922 9 564 DiazGranados CA Jernigan JA Impact of vancomycin resistance on mortality among patients with neutropenia and enterococcal blo
94. 1 1 IIB 5 2 5 2 1 68 MA 5 2 2 1 1 IIIA 5 2 8 99 IIIA 5 2 4 1 000 mm3 MB 5 3 19 5 3 1 1 1 T MA 5 3 2 1 1 7 MB 5 3 3
95. 2 50 TORS 3ARS E A Q B
96. Pa 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 3 1 18 IVA 1 iV 18 IVB ICT ph Sy As ICT E HZ AS infection control committee ICC 18 IVA 18 IVB E SS 19 1C MA
97. Candida albicans 2006 40 229 237 375 JE EFN 0 2 um Candida albicans 2006 40 95 376 Hamilton RA Plis JM Clay C et al Heparin sodium versus 0 9 sodium chloride injection for maintaining patency of indwelling intermittent infusion devices Clin Pharm 1988 7 439 443 377 2002 48 84 87 378 2004 38 83 91 379 Randolph AG Cook DJ Gonzales CA et al Benefit of heparin in peripheral venous and arterial catheters systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials BMJ 1998 316 969 975 380 WRZ 2006 82 87 95 381 Santell JP Kamalich RF National survey of quality assurance activities for pharmacy prepared sterile products in hospitals and home infusion facilities 1995 Am J Health Syst Pharm 1996 53 2591 2605 38
98. 441 442 443 444 445 446 44 96 7 IIIB CIB 2 5 60 2 5 1 448 449 MA 2 6 2 6 1 450 IIIA SRDS T 5 3 80 00 8 FH 2 7 1 RV 451 452 IT B 2 8 2 8 1 453 454 455 IIB 2 9 2 9 1 456 IIA 2 7 aj mg HT g
99. E MA TA 307 TA 59 1 24 2 2 408 409 410 411 TITB 1 24 3 1 24 3 1 1 24 3 2 1 25 CR BSI 1 25 1 1 25 1 1 CR BSI MA CRBSI 1 25 1 2 v 1 25 1 3 1 25 1 4 E 1 25 2 1 25 2 1 1 26 1 26 1 IMA 28 zi au EIC IIIA TIA MA
100. IRRAD HBV MB 44 3 C 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 HIV 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 KIE 5 1 5 2 6 1 IVA 6 2 IVA 6 8 IVA 6 4 D HCV AST GOT ALT GPT 6 1 FRI f 145 154 TB KE
101. 6 RAREORI R E ira a ne 10 MARORI E e R 15 17 BET OBER cccsssccccsceccvssccvevseccvseevevseccoseeevenss 25 PE 1 7 IW Te WTI RE 27 ovo a 32 11 OEE tadenacaseeuse 44 j4 5 0 9 MR 48 JE IEEE is BSE n Ae csse oie End o te p c a duse ae vade 51 ES PP tals A MERE TTE 54 i 57 Lesern 73 SYS RS lt 4 77 82 ne 86 1 1 IVA L7 c 00m HH
102. RIDA OBE C TEE EARL CL BE Fie C Ue IVA 5 1 5 2 MA 20C 0 2 0 4mg 87 60 5B CLL EoV Z 5 3 A 5 4 IB 91 592 IVA M
103. oti HIV gt CTT 1 158 MB 158 MA 29 2S C993 00 C 72 159 160 IJA j 3 DAR 6H 162 163 J A B 45 IVA 6 5 IVA 7 7 1 IVA H mA mg 7 2 N 8 1
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