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Contents
1.2. 50 mm
3. 97
4. S 80 39 33 300 0
5. 100
6. L2 1 3 1 VII 1 2 I ED
7. 30 IL 2 3 3 ModelA Model B ModelC Model A B Model C 3 1 Model A 1 43 mm Model B 1 83 mm Model C 0 66 mm 3 9 20 60 2 40 Mod
8. lt 43 III 7 II
9. DC5 0V DPZ 00N 0 5N 2 7 Input Force FTIN 6 5 A 4 A 4 3 A A 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Sensor Output Voltage V mVI 2 7 Z 2 7 7 0 998
10. 1 2 3 gt 29 1 9 0 Ta RNs a
11. 6567 89 VL4 2 600 mm min 10
12. 58 34 15
13. IL IV 85 V1 2 VI 2 1 3 Model A Model B Model C 97 25 200 mm min 400 mm min 2 2
14. ISO594 2 1 22G 32mm NN 2232S PS6608 3 PD3 32 03 015 M6 M2 1 2 22G 18 Degl 2 2 M6 M2 10 AA6 x 1 0 AA2 5 x 0 45 2 2 M6 M2 5
15. 7 II 9
16. L1 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
17. IC 1 II 94 1 2
18. II E E ITI E IV E E V V
19. 41 ModelC HH 42 IT 6
20. 3 TV
21. Puncture Force F N Time S 4 2 51 Fmax P P 4 1 T 7 2 60 mm min 4 1 7 Sm FP S 52 IV 2 3 3 X Y 4 3 0 8 Puncture end point Y axis torque IN cm Puncture Start point 0 8 X ax1s torque IN cm 4 3 53 X
22. 3D Replicator2X MakerboD 70 5 1 22G 32mm NN 2232S PS6608 FGS 100VC FGP 1 A B B C D E F 3D 5 2 A 71 5 2 A YA A E F
23. 3 3 Model B 7 Model B 2 47N Model B
24. 1 1 A lt 1 1 ASKER CSC2 3 7 30 40 40 60
25. CV IC II IV 1 SHz 22G
26. Vol 16 No 1 pp 97 104 2014 GP4 A2 2011 M Heverly P Dupont J Triedman Trajectory Optimization for Dynamic Needle Insertion Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation Barcelona Spain pp 1658 1663 2005 Okuno D 1ogawa T Saito H et al Development of an automatic blood sampling system control of the puncturing needle by measurement forces Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference IEEE EMBS Hong Kong China pp 1811 1812 1998 92 6 11 17 pp 181 182 2005 6 12 2012 p 162 2012 93 VII
27. 5 62 36 6
28. 1 2 II IV 3 TV
29. ul 98 1 25 2 vol 157 No 2 pp 237 264 IL II 2 HHH 26 4 Vol 16 No 1 DD 97 104 ILIV 99 I Ee
30. ModelB 3 Model C 38 3 2 Model A Model B ModelC
31. 80 4 218 3 528 2 191 243 79 II IV 84 96 TL IV
32. 9 Model B HI ModelC 62 ModelA 4 8 II
33. I 0 3 1
34. Vol 157 No 2 pp 237 264 2013 Bryant J T Wevers H Lowe PJ Method of data smoothing for instantaneous centre of rotation measurements Med Biol Eng Comput Vol 22 pp 597 602 1984 3 PES PD3 32 28 II III 1
35. 65 IV 5 IV 1 2 3 66 IV 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4
36. Y 2 mY 4 4 4 5 4 6 0 58 Model C 0 18 0 97 Model A 1 1 34 2 0 30 Model B 0 66 56 57 4 1 Model A Model B Model C 1 624 0 602 2 464 0 719 1 779 0 373 332 347 131 826 380 942 143 767 330 333 164 539 4 521 1 940 4 991 1 431 4 921 1 829 3 009 0 983 2 930 0 568 2 713 0 941 X 0 670 0 481 0 806 0 684 0 943 0 815 X 0 617 0 576 0 672 0 660 0 740 0 983 Y 0 638 0 379 1 259 0 665 0 943 0 815 Y
37. 27 1 1 Ll SH 0 ed 2 IL1 1 0 2 1 1 2 4 L1 3 L1 4 ee 6 9 3 3 10 DS a 13 II D 15 IL1 DD 15 2 19 IL3 3 23 IL3 1 23 IL3 2 24
38. 0 8mm 21G 0 4mm 27G 2 15 900mmmin 0 64 0 23N 21G 0 23 0 09N 27G 3 0 7mm 22G 18 345mm min Model A 1 72 0 62N Model B 2 47 0 73N Model C 1 75 0 53N 9 Model C Model A 22G 21G
39. 5 1 5 1 69 NN 2232S PS6608 394900 BD SS 05SZ Gdeapad Z500 lenovo 3D ABS 10 400 mm min
40. 17 14 9 30 0930002 5 7
41. 4 2 Model A 84 2 Model B 68 8 Model C 64 0 71 1 ee F 9 0281 p 0 0003 F 8 2672 p 0 0006 F 3 8425 p 0 0262 7 2462 0 0014 Y 6 1027 0 00377 7 3 3149 0 0423 2 lt 0 05 4 55 4 3 1
42. Vol 2 pp 82 89 2001 Vol 157 No 2 pp 237 264 2013 Bryant J T Wevers H Lowe PJ Method of data smoothing for instantaneous centre of rotation measurements Med Biol Eng Comput Vol 22 pp 597 602 1984 4 10 Saito H Togawa T Detection of needle puncture to blood vessel using 67 puncture force measurement Med Biol Eng Comput Vol 43 pp 240 244 2005 4 11 Okuno D Togawa T Sato H et al Development of an automatic blood sampling system control of the puncturing needle by measurement forces Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference IEEE EMBS Hong Kong China pp 1811 1812 1998 4 12 Vol 174 No 3 pp 217 223 1995 4 13 Vol 174 No 4 pp 285 289 1995 68 V V 1
43. 3 3 Hh Rt 3 3 Vein Skin Hard Soft Hard Soft Model A 0 2 0 5 Model B 7 0 5 0 Model C 3 0 2 0 39 III II 5 1 Fax mx 2 3 4 Model B ModelB
44. 3 IV 4 3 64 Y
45. 44 II cl 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 3 10 3 Vol 28 pp 101 107 2007 Vol 7 pp 17 24 2006 Vol1 pp 183 191 2010 Vol 12 No 1 pp 37 46 2008
46. Vol 2 pp 82 89 2001 1 16 2012 203153 1 17 11 167342 1 18 2007 206379 II IL1 2 1 2 2 1 NN 2232S PS6608 PD3 32 05 015 C SES SS 05SZ
47. VI 90 3 ms 100 ye 22G ABS
48. Vol 2 pp 82 89 2001 2 O 2 41 2 pp 58 59 2011 41 pp 60 61 2011 Vol 24 No 1 p 23 2012 Sato H Togawa T Detection of needle puncture to blood vessel using puncture force measurement Med Biol 2005 Eng Comput Vol 43 pp 240 244 Saito H Mitsubayashi K et al Detection of needle puncture to blood vessel by using erectric conductivty of blood for automatic blood samphng Sensors and 45 Actuators A Vol 125 pp 446 450 2006 46 IV IV 1
49. 100 Hz 12 VI 2 2 5 2012 Ver1 14 86 Maximum Puncture Force Fax IN 6 1 0 05 Model Model 200 mm min 400 mm min Puncture Speed 6 1 O 12 200 mm min 400 mm min lt 0 05
50. 25 2013 http www nitirinkyo jp hnk accessed 09 05 2014 13 Vol 28 pp 101 107 2007 1 13 Vol 1 pp 183 191 2010 1 14 Vol 12 No 1 pp 37 46 2008 1 15
51. 8 9
52. EX FH25 CASIO IV 2 2 49 IV 2 3 IV 2 3 1 4 1 4 1 30 IV 2 3 2 Z 4 2
53. 7 5 0 0213o 0 0053 N cm 25 IL4 IC Low Pass Filter LPF FFT 0 13 Hz 1 37 kHz LPF 5 Hz i WG 2 1 0 443 ju 2 1 17 SHz 200Hz 2 2 17 17 2 2 17 2 10 26 INI 7 3oIo anjound 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 0 0 Time s After Before 2 10 27 II 98 2 3
54. 0 0229 0 25 N 23 II 3 2 X Y 2 8 2 9 200 200 X axis torque T IN cm T 0 0246 0 0676 r 0 9993 Sensor output voltage V mV 2 8 X 2 8 0 9993 7 0 0246 0 0676 IN cm 24 200 Y axis torque 7 IN cm o 7 0 0213V 0 0053 r 0 9994 Sensor output voltage V mV 2 9 Y 2 9 7 0 9994
55. 91 VI 6 1 6 2 6 3 64 6 6 6 6 7 6 8 6 9 6 10 Vol 40 No 5 pp 361 363 2009 25 2013 2 2013 http www nitirinkyo jp hnk accessed 09 05 2014 GLOBAL INDUSTRY ANALYSTS Problems associated with use of manikins in Training manikins a global strategic business report 2002 Vol 157 No 2 pp 237 264 2013
56. 33 III 4 IIL 4 1 Fnax 3 4 O 0 01 3 9 IMaximum Puncture Force FIN un Ww Model A Model B Model C 3 4 mean S E F 17 7 p lt 0 01 Tukey Kramer Model A Model B Model B Model C 34 IIL 4 2 Fvax 3 5 p lt 0 01 3 p 2 5 a s 2 gt x Ss 3 1 0 5 Model A Model B Model C 3 5 mean S E F 35 7 lt 0 01 TukeyKramer ModelA Model C 35 IIL 4 3 Fnax 3 6 Fmawtp Model A Model B Model C 3 6
57. 8 9 4 4 7 WY
58. Fmax w mean SE 12 9 lt 0 01 Tukey Kramer ModelA Model B 36 II 4 4 3 1 3 1 Ranking 1 2 3 Number of answers C B A 5 C A B 4 Model A C B 1 C A B 1 B C A 1 3 1 ModelC 12 10 3 2 37 3 2 ModelA Il
59. 0 703 0 590 0 351 0 332 0 640 0 691 1 716 0 677 1 536 0 474 1 354 0 529 4 2 A B C 16 3 0 84 21 6 22 4 68 75 4 5 16 64 00 71 05 4 3 1 2 0 6640 0 4809 0 6587 1 2334 0 5362 0 3283 0 8053 0 6591 Y 0 6304 0 2734 0 4168 0 9163 58 A IN 4 2 2 4 1 2 IH IV 4 4 4 Model A 59 4 2 4 1 4 4 5 Model B 60 4 6 Model C 61 IV 4 IV 4 1 II ModelA C 5
60. III 5 2 40 3 5 Model A Model C Model A Model C ModelA Model B 5 Model B 3 3
61. 4 2 Model A Model B Model C Model C Model A Model B 44 12 ModelA C 4 T 4 4 4 5 4 6 ModelA 1 Model B 1 Model C 2 IV Model B
62. 1 9 4 1 Model B Model C Il 4 4 1 pa 4 4 4 5 2 IV 4 2 i Okuno j
63. Model B 5 0 Model B IL 5 3 3 1 ModelC 12 10 ModelA Model B ModelC
64. E E 3 1 Model A B 5 8 F 1 5 8 F 35 1 245 F 3 1 ModelC V2 5 2 79 5 2 Uy FGP 1 10 00N 1000g 10 00N 1000g 0 01N 1g N kg g 1 2 3 4 5 10 20 1000 80 0 2 R C 1 2digit 23 0 01 LOAD C 0 01 R C C 4 200 R C ON O
65. 80 59 33 300 LT3 80 4 218 3 528 2 191 243 79 3 L1 3
66. FGS 100VC 1 000N 100kgf 1 000N 100kgf 10 400 mm min 400 mm LCD 4 10 400 mm min 0 0 400 0 mm 0 9999 MANU QOG 1 SING CONT PROG USB FGPX FGP 150 x 200 mm 0 45 AC100V 10 63kg 300 Xx 885 x 300 mm FGP 0 2 100 FGPX 0 2 100 82 V 1 GP4 A2 2011 2 FGP 1 3 H T FGS VC 83 VI VI1
67. X Y 95 1 TI 2 3
68. Fisher s PLSD 200 mm min Model A B lt 0 05 400 mm min lt 0 05 Model C lt 0 05 67 Model B lt 0 05 SS VI 4 VI 4 1 II 400 mm min Okuno 0 64 0 23N 22G
69. Model B 6 67 90 VI S VI ml IV
70. 4 1 lt 0 01 3 lt 0 01 3 Tukey Kramer Model A B A C lt 0 01 Model B C Model A C B C lt 0 01 Model A B 1 lt 0 01 2 p lt 0 01
71. 47 48 IV 2 IV 2 1 3 3 Model A Model B ModelC Model A B ModelC ModelA 1 43mm Model B 1 8Smm Model C 0 66emm Model A 1 00mm Model B 0 9smm Model C 0 98mm 1 3 3 9 20 60 2 40 2 DSO X2024A AgilentTechnology
72. II IV II Model C 3 Model C II Model B
73. I1 1 2 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
74. 2 3 1 4 M2x0 4 2 3 1 4 2 2 4 2 18 IL 2 2 2 2 2 PD3 32 05 15 5 mm M2 5 x 3 DC 3 5 V 10 DC 3 mA 30 kHz 17 27 2 0 3 7 0 50 C 35 85 RH X Y MAX 1 5 FS C Z MAX 2 0 FS C 18 SUS303 eo1 2 x 700mm 5 X 2 FS Y 2 FS Z 2 FS 19 X 2 ES Y 2 9 ES Z 2
75. 63 9 Y A 2 49 lt 2 Y 9 24 6 4 4
76. 72 3 B 100 5 3 B B 3 1 Model A B 5 4 B 100 10 30 50 5 4 B B 3 1 ModelC 74 C Ms 5 5 C 5 5 A C 75 6 D 6 D D B B C 76 5 7 E G68 100 20 Lm GN 1 A 5 7
77. 26 DS nd a 28 II 29 Ll SRE EE EE 29 MDD Xe 31 3 32 T3231 32 Tle SE A dd 34 SI 34 2 RR 35 AS a 36 IA 37 1 ee 40 IIU 5 1 Frmax ee 40 IIL 5 2 4 un 40 SG 0 lala SY DU EE Pe 41 IL6 43 00 tr 0 0 WDD i Ee 44 IV 4 1 62 IV 4 2 63 IV 4 3 i 64 TV 2 PSSP 66 NSRGSSSRSSERRBRRE 67 V es 69 VA 37 Bt ER RR 69 2 79 V3 3 SR SE 81 VD 83 VI 84 WI Ee ee 84 VL A dd 86 MIT25 RSRGNE 0000 86 NT MB a 86 N30 Td 0 aM 87 VIA te 89 VI4 1 ee 89 VI4 2 i 90 A VE EE 91 SO DS TT 92 V
78. Waxman DA Blood donation related neurologic needle in ury evaluation of 2 years worth of data from a large blood center Transfusion Vol 36 No 3 pp 213 215 1996 2 3 pp 16 17 2011 1 Vol 53 pp 1032 1034 2004 GLOBAL INDUSTRY ANALYSTS INC Problems associated with use of manikins in Training manikins a global strategic business report 2002 http www 3bs jp simulator injection accessed 09705 2014 14 9 30 0930002 Vol 40 No pp 361 363 2009 25 2013
79. 5 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 Lab Clin Pract Vol 22 No 1 p 80 2004 Newman BH Waxman DA Blood donation related neurologic needle injury evaluation of 2 years worth of data from a large blood center Transfusion Vol 36 No 3 pp 213 213 1996 2 3 pp 16 17 2011 1 Y 1 Vol 53 pp 1032 1034 2004 ob il Vol28 pp 101 107 2007 GLOBAL INDUSTRY ANALYSTS INC Problems associated with use of manikins in Training manikins a global strategic business report 2002
80. ES XX Y 10 FS X Y Z 30 FS X 15 N cm Y 15 N cm Z 1S N X 30 N cm Y 30 N cm Z 30 N X 500 900mV FS Y 500 900mV FS Z 400 700mV FS X 1 5 3 5V Y 1 5 3 5 V Z 1 5 3 5V 90 0 66ms 12g 2 5 X YZ 2 6 C V CM X C V CX 2 5 21 Fx Mx 2 6 22 II 3 E IL 3 1
81. FF USB 100 RS 232C 100 1V 30mV 12bit D A _ 1000 10kQ DC30V 5SmA 3 20 150 ms 90 AC DC9V 200 10 OFF 1000 100 50 0 40C 35 8 RH 7 X 38X 147 mm 450g V 3 5 3 gt 81 ol Co Uy
82. I VII 11 I I II IV V VI VII 2 1 131 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 10 1 11 1 12 Lab Clin Pract Vol 22 No 1 p 80 2004 Newman BH
83. IL Ee 94 D O 99 100 ii1 I 55 I 1
84. V PC 10 400 mm min 96 VI
85. Y X Y X Y X x Y 4 2 7 T 2 pi 2 IN cm 4 2 IV 2 4 3 X Y 2010 Ver 1 13 54 IV 3
86. el A Model B Model C 3 1 31 IL 3 II 3 1 2 1 1 3 2 3 2 DSO X2024A AgilentTechnology EX FEH25 CASIO 3 2 32 II 3 2 3 3 O Puncture Force F IN 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 Time 3 3
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