K-GPS を用いた火山地形の計測
Contents
1. 1m 10 cm DTM DEM K GPS K GPS Kinematic Global Positioning System Hofmann Wellenhof etaZ 2001 2003 2 DEM 1 2 GPS2. 1 a ene 113 0032 1 1 1 Earthquake Research Institute The University of Tokyo 1 1 1 Yayo Bunkyo ku Tokyo 113 0032 Japan St 1 4 Mrisono Junior and Senior High school 1 4 Misonodai Fujisawa Kanagawa 251 0873 Japan Keszthelyi et al 2000
3. DEM Hamilton eg7 2010a DGPS 0 06m DTM Digital Terrain Model Hamilton ez aZ 2010a b
4. Fig 1 15 WGS 84 GPS JAVAD TriVU RINEX JPS2LIN RTKLIB v 2 4 2 2 IGS International GNSS Service rapid product igr17432 sp3 CDDIS 1cm lppm 1 5cm 1 5 ppm
5. GPS 6 K GPS DBM K GPS DEM 32 1
6. 0 1 HP htp www gsi_go jp kibamfad html 3 3 2013 2 1 Slope angle Slope angle 10 m 20 m and 30 m as a nominal value 24 794 m 600 tr 560 E eR oo 520 uw 480 440 200 300 Distance m Fig 7 Upper An area to pick DEM points for estimating the topographic profile lower The base map is Kiban Chizu Jouhou of Geospatial Information Authorty of Japan Lower The topographic profile of Omuroyama from both K GPS and DEM data K GPS point DEM point 1
7. 3 DEM 2 1 1000m 220m 250m 70m 1986 TR33239208701 580 01 m 2011 4000 C 3710 95 yr B P 1998 1996 5
8. Fix 20 mm Float 10cm m 10 m 2003 http Wwww javad com gnss products software trivu html 2 An Open Source Program Package for GNSS Positioning http www rtklib com 3 Crustal Dynamics Data Information System http igscb Jpl nasa goV components dcnav cddis products wwww html Entries 43 Mean 494 9393 RMS 0 02087 Frequency 0 494 8 494 85 494 9 494 95 495 Elevation m 495 05 495 1 Fig 2 Standard deviation of the measured Vertical positions during 3 5 min rest time This gives an actual accuracy of the measurement 10 cm 2003 3 rig 2 3 5 Fix 0 11 m 0 05m 0 02m Fig 3 K GPS
9. SRTM Shuttle Radar Topography Mission DEM Elevation Model 1 Grosse et al 2009 Grosse et al 2014 Karatson et al 2010 DEM LiDAR Light Detection And Ranging Favalli et z7 2009 Jessop et al 2012 DGPS Differential Global Zimbelman et Positioning System al 2008 190 8S18 10 3 National Institute of Polar Research 10 3 Midori cho Tachikawa Tokyo 190 8518 Japan Corresponding author Rina Noguchi e mail rina eri u tokyo ac jp 358 DEM
10. 4 K GPS 0 82 0 20m 2 slope calculation distance SCD Fig SCD 500m Fig 5 2m 36m SCD 31 9 32 3
11. Fig 6 SCD 20m 340m 460 m SCD 10m 565m Elevation ml Omuroyama Slope angle Slope calculation distance m Fig 4 Schematic diagram for estimating slope angle from K GPS data The slope angle was calculated by arc tangent of vertical and horizontal distances between selected 2 points 35 30 25 20 Average slope angle near 500m in elevation 19 0 10 20 30 40 Slope calculation distance ml Fig 3 angle at the elevation of 300 m The slope calculation distance vs average slope 5 5s 1 DEM DEM K GPS
12. 5 mm scm mm 3cm 380X10 kg 1992 yg 3 2013 6 3 4 JAVAD GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System Sigma G2T GrANT G3T 2 GPS K GPS 359 Fig 1 antenna is mounted on a helmet A style of K GPS measurement in this study An
13. 1 2 K 362 GPS DEM 0 1 Fig 6 SCD 20m K GPS 32 1 DEM S 2
14. Fig 6 3 3 SCD 10 06 360 pm 2 794 Measured points in this study open and sold Fig 3 circles represent fixed and float points This figure is made from a data of Kiban Chizu Jouhou of Geospatial Information Authority of Japan by QGIS Quantum Geographic Information System The elevation of this map doesn t include the geoidal height 0 82m 21 31 1 13 m 29 49 1 01 m SCD SCD SCD
15. K GPS Slope calculation distance 10m Slope calculation distance 20m 361 Slope calculation distance 30m 600 600 600 560 560 560 E E E c 8 520 8 520 3 520 8 8 8 480 480 480 Average SCD 10 06 Average SCD 21 31 Average SCD 32 52 Standard deviat 0 82 Standard deviat 1 13 Standard deviat 0 99 440 440 440 0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40 Slope angle Fig 6 Variation of slope angle with the elevation for 3 slope calculation distances Ho NM Sm THIPS 3239 20 DEMSA
16. 1 0m 0 3m Fig 7 Fig 5 Fig 6 Sm 5m K GPS 3 0 0 05 m 240m K GPS 27 44 WW 0 06 Sm 27 34 0 05
17. Wood 1980 Kereszturi et 7 2012 30 1 Robinson and Friedman 2002 2 Arciaga et g 2009 3 Samadani and Kudrolli 2001
18. K GPS 2014 8 28 201 5 20 Measurement of Volcanic Morphology by Using K GPS A Trial at Omuroyama Scoria Cone in Izu Japan Rina Nocucnr Akari YosHIDA Tomotaka SARUYA Yasuhiro NIsSHIKAWA and Kei KURITA Morphometrical studies on small volcanic edifices such as scoria cones have been extensively conducted Nevertheless some morphometric parameters have been difficult to obtain For instance it is often difficult to measure a slope angle of volcano edifice because DEM Digital Elevation Model with high spatial resolution are not always available We used the K GPS Kinematic Global Positioning System for high resolution measurement of the slope angle of Omuroyama a typical young scoria cone in Eastern Izu Japan assuming no detailed DEM available in the region We show the existence of constant slope of 32 from the base to the top The result of the K GPS measurement is consistent with the existing DEM of this region We report the measuring system 1s simple and viable for summary 60 2015 3 357 363 survey Of slope angle where no DEMs are available Key words Dyroclastic cone slope angle K GPS Izu Omuroyama 1
19. DEM K GPS DEM DEM RTKLIB Arciaga M Pastor M Batac R Bantang J and Monterola C 2009 Experimental observation and an empirical model of enhanced heap stability resultmg from the mixing of granular materials Stat Mech Theory Exp P07040 doi 10 1088 1742 5468 2009 07 P07040 Favalli M
20. Karatson D Mazzarini F Pareschi M T and Boschi E 2009 Morphometry of scoria cones located on a volcano flank A case study from Mt Etna ltaly based on high resolution LiDAR data J Volcanol Geotherm Res 186 320 330 doi 10 1016 j jvolgeores 2009 07 011 Grosse P van Wyk de Vries B Petrinovic I A Euillades P A and Alvarado G E 2009 Morphometry and evolu tion of arc volcanoes Geology 37 651 654 doi 10 1130 G25734A 1 Grosse P Euillades P A Euillades L D and van Wyk de Vries B 2014 A global database of composite volcano morphometry Bull Volcanol 16 784 doi 10 1007 s00445 013 0784 4 Hamilton C W 1hordarson T and Fagents S A 20108 Explosive lava water interactions I architecture and em placement chronology of volcanic rootless cone groups In the 1783 1784 Laki lava flow Iceland Bull Volcanol 72 449 467 doi 10 1007 s00445 009 0330 6 Hamilton C W Fagents S A and Thordarson T 2010b Explosive lava water interactions II self organization proc esses among volcanic rootless eruption sites in the 1783 1784 Laki lava flow Iceland Bull Volcanol 72 469 483 doi 10 1007 s00445 009 0331 5 1992 1 0 32 ka 37 167 181 Hofmann Wellenhot B Lichtenegger H and Collins J 2001 Global Positioning System Theory and Practice Sth Editio
21. n Springer Verlag Wien Wien p382 Jessop D E Kelfoun K Labazuy P Mangeney A Roche O Tillier J L Trouillet M and Thibault G 2012 LiDAR derived morphology of the 1993 Lascar pyroclastic flow deposits and implication for flow dynamics and rheology 7 Volcanol Geotherm Res 245 246 81 97 doi 10 10167 Jvolgeores 2012 06 030 Karatson D Favalli M Tarquini S Fornaciai A and Worner G 2010 The regular shape of stratovolcanoes A DEM based morphometrical approach Volcanol Geo therm Res 193 171 181 Kereszturi G Jordan G Nemeth K and D6niz Paez J F 2012 Syn eruptive morphometric variability of monoge netic scoria cones Bull Volcanol 74 2171 2185 doi 10 1007 s00445 012 0658 1 Keszthelyi L McEwen A and Thordarson T 2000 Ter restrial analogs and thermal models for Martian flood lavas K GPS 363 J Geophys Res 105 15 027 15 049 1996 5000 105 475 484 doi 10 50267 geography 105 4 475 1986 3 58 76 Robinson D A and Friedman S P 2002 Observations of the effects of particle shape and particle size dis
22. tribution on avalanchng of granular media Phys Stat Mech lts Appl 311 97 110 2003 GPS p163 Samadani A and Kudrolli A 2001 Angle of repose and segregation in cohesive granular matter Phys Rev E 64 051301 doi 10 1103 PhysRevE 64 051301 1998 C 2 25 19 29 Wood C A 1980 Morphometric evolution of cinder cones J Volcanol Geotherm Res 7 387 413 Zimbelman J R Garry W B Johnston A K and Williams S H 2008 Emplacement of the 1907 Mauna Loa basalt flow as derived from precision topography and satellite imaging J Volcanol Geotherm Res 177 837 847 doi 10 1016 jvolgeores 2008 01 042
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