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Metal 3D - User manual

1. 00000 18 1541 30 View 0 0 42 1 3 1 Geometrical and structural introduction 18 1 5 12 Export to other programs eee cece eee Ad 1 3 2 Bar description and their properties 20 1 6 On sereen help ccceececcveceeseveseveee 45 i a rete a ieee aha a EG FESSO FI crnsesi ieni eneee deacon TE E R 45 134 loads dnd ANAISIS sn ct texas ques ieee Geetha ere 29 1 6 2 Question markicon 2 cee 45 A O soot ete are aan 1 6 3 BOOK ICON oo occ ccc ce cece cee cee eee eeeeeeeeeee 46 TAF OUNGAUGNS ode dpadlen 4cuad ENTE eked ka dete dts 28 1 6 4 QUICK QUIGE occ cc cccceccececeeceececeeeee AG VA BASCOIAICS bac ive os tad oad we cow edi eck oh eee 28 165 About 00 00 cc AG 1 4 2 Foundation options 2 0 0 30 CYPE 4 Metal 3D CYPE Metal 3D User manual Presentation Metal 3D is a powerful and efficient program brought about to carry out structural calculations in 3 di mensions of steel aluminium and timber bars The program obtains the forces and displacements based on an automatic design It possesses a laminated welded and cold formed steel section database It analyses any type of structure carrying out all the verifications and checks the selected code requires Thanks to the generation of structural views the user can work with windows in 2D and 3D in a com pletely interactive manner The structure can equally be redesigned and h
2. User manual Introduce loads on bars Loadcase Dead load v Type of load Value kN m Axes that define the direction of the load Global axes O Local axes of the bar Direction and application direction of the load ASIARIABIASIABIAE 5 Fig 1 45 Introduce loads on nodes This option is similar to the previous option whereby the loadcase is to be selected and the value and angle of the point load is to be indicated Introduce loads on nodes Loadcase Value kN Direction and ea direction of the load RERET Fig 1 46 Once the loads have been introduced these can be modi fied or deleted using the Edit and Delete options Analysis This option calculates the structure It contains several options e Do not dimension sections Performs a quick analysis of the forces of the isolated structure without changing the sections that have been introduced e Quick section design Designs the sections of the struc ture using the current forces and increases the size of those sections that fail 26 Metal 3D e Optimum section design Designs the sections with the current forces and increases the size of those section that fail By increasing the sections greater forces are generated and therefore the program performs a se cond analysis to see whether the sections are valid If these fail they are modified and the program runs through another analysis The program continues this process until
3. e Joined at given distance he user indicates the dis tance between the joints Rer Sagie wrth hanche C Wih conciete sad O Double welded n bow L Dodie n bene wih batten plates Doubla in box genni joint O Hat section F Wih leteral pistes C Contested web operna Separation between sechons intidepecrg 1000 sm Final spacing Type of joint Independent rechont 100 0 om O ned amp macnn drance gt Jewved at gren artance 2000 on Fig 1 6 Metal 3D User manual 11 When selecting a section with haunches the user can choose between initial or final top or bottom POISI PAP Seat tgs tamara Firad ip haurt on Om Ox mo On x C irii booa hreh O Firal baltam haursh ae O Sampin eh haurecthrs 2 With conieha alas C Disable eked in bas 2 Double n bow wth batten platen Ci ieubie n bent genee jari CHa seco Sy wih Darai ad planai O Ciba fresh opaningal Fig 1 7 Castellated beams are also available There is a range of web opening shapes available hexagonal octagonal or cir cular The user specifies the dimension ratios and number of filled openings at the ends of the beam A e O Himal Ci irun e DO Simpie eih hiunchii U Dabhi nhid in te C Double in box with batien plates Ti Double in bom gense jor ien fae oon Dinh Le OD 15 2 ih lani ad abate Humber of filled operansge Oign o End 0 Fig 1 8 CYPE 12 Metal 3D If a section with
4. the angle taken by the program is that of the first column introduced e Join Allows for several footings to be joined and com bined to make a single footing Not applicable to pile caps The selection of the footings is carried out using the left mouse button and concluded with a right click 1 4 2 1 Polygonal limits for footings This option is available if the user has acquired the Advan ced design of surface foundations module With this option the user can define limits or boundaries which can not be invaded by reinforce concrete or mass concrete foo tings Examples of these limits or boundaries may include property limits or zones reserved for other uses such as deposits lift shafts etc These limits may also be defined for the program to define irregular polygonal footings for any other reason regardless of whether there are real phy sical limits To define the limits polylines have to be introduced which the program then uses to automatically trim the footings which pass or invade the established limits in that group A footing can be trimmed by more than one limit The fraction of the footing in which the column starts or columns remain CYPE is conserved and is therefore what is considered in the analysis During the design of the footings the program does not allow the established limits to be exceeded The limits are introduced in Metal 3D using the Limits for polygonal footings option within the Foundations
5. Fig 1 4 If the layout is that of two sections welded together with bat ten plates the separation between the sections can be se lected The user can also choose the type of steel to use for the batten plates as well as indicating their spacing or alter natively allow the program to design the spacing The batten plate sections can be established in two diffe rent ways Generic plate In this case the program calculates the geometry of the plate Plate series Here the program uses the rectangular pate series to select the adequate plate If the library used in the job at the time does not possess a rectan gular section series for the batten plates the option will not be available until a suitable series is created or im ported I Double welded in bos F Double in box with batten pimes bed test C Debi A bes gener jor Hal sector With Lad pt O Ciibair Bnparaliinn betes onime 1000 cm 100 0 om india apang Fina pacing Plas Tyo plate Genenc plain Spacing 50 mm Fae o Fig 1 5 When the joint is generic as well as the separation bet ween the sections the user can choose the type of joint e Independent he element is treated as two indepen dent sections where the other is not considered when verifying buckling or slenderness e Joined at maximum distance The program calcu lates the distance between the generic joints so the section can be considered a built up section
6. View options the screen Ad Materials Fig 1 86 Fig 1 85 CYPE Metal 3D Fig 1 87 1 5 12 Export to other programs Metal 3D allows for the designed steel structure to be expor ted so it may be viewed and modified in other programs The Export options are located in File gt Export The pro grams include Tekla Structures and TecnoMETAL 4D Additionally the option exists to export in CSI 2 format CIS 2 ClIMsteel Integration Standards is a standard inter change format to facilitate data flow between applications which intervene in the analysis design and fabrication pro cess of steel structures Metal 3D can export the introdu ced and designed structure in CIS 2 format advised by the NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology so it may later be use in programs such as Graitec Advance Steel janes Generation Node Bar Load Analysis Joints Baseplates Window Help LQQ4Z2A8B Mesa k O88 SR P gt 4 Ale how Rae eee gg Ae AAV AYE A i PEEK ax ATRE g PE ial gt tructure oundations E 2 Example of application of welded joints in a warehouse CYPE Fig 1 88 External loads acting on the structure can be introduced in the program so to obtain its optimum design in accor dance with the selected code Additionally the construction details of bolted and welded connections of rolled and wel ded sections that are generated
7. Warehouses Loads Automatic Additional Dead load 1 0 Live load Use B Live load Use D Live load Use E Wind Earthquake Snow Soil pressures O O wd 0a Accidental Fig 1 72 To create a new loadcase click on the Edit icon a to the right of the name of the loadcase A dialogue box opens which will display any additional loadcases that have been defined A new loadcase can be added by selecting the New additional loadcase button in the top left hand corner Another dialogue box will appear where the reference and description can be defined An extra option appears With different load dispositions By activating this option the compatibility of the loadcases can be defined compatible incompatible or simultaneous This is useful when defining alternating loads mobile loads etc Dead load New addtional loadcase Acting Additional loadcases DL1 Dispositions Compatibility Edit Delete Incompatible DL2 Incompatible Y DL3 Y DL 4 2 Incompatible Incompatible Combination Loadcase DL1 DL2 DL3 DL4 DL1 DL 2 DL3 DL4 Combinable Not combinable Fig 1 73 Metal 3D User manual New addtional loadcase ISX Reference DL 5 With different load dispositions 4 Description Compatible O Incompatible O Simultaneous Cancel Name 2 Fig 1 74 The load dispositions are a group of special loads which belong to the same loadcase The
8. By offering the user the option to create the project situa tions the user is given a certain degree of freedom for the analysis of the job Therefore special attention must be paid to not create project situations which may imply that the fi nal results have an applied safety factor less than that re quired by the selected code 1 9 11 3D View The 3D view of the structure can be displayed as an isome tric projection or in perspective CYPE Fig 1 83 Metal 3D User manual 43 The mode in which it is viewed can be changed by clicking on the eye button of the toolbar at the top left hand side of the 3Dview window The 3D views of Metal 3D also contain an option which dis plays elements with textures resembling the real colours of the material they are made out of The user can choose to represent the 3D view with or without the materials e Without materials Differentiates the elements of the 3D view even if they consist of the same material e With materials Displays the elements of the 3d view with textures which Fig 1 84 resemble their real colours 3D View f o lx Whilst viewing the 3D structure the user can move inside it The point of view can be modified by using the rotation bars at the top and left of the screen If the structure is zoo a med into using the zoom option from the toolbar displa 4 EIEI cement bars will appear at the bottom and to the right of
9. a concrete slab is chosen the user can in troduce the real width and effective width of the slab its thickness the distance to the section and activate the par tial composite action The user can also indicate the type of concrete and its creep coefficient EE ar al 0 aah Seale 200 a manea Enea vasih 200 m With conciate iab Double welded in bow Thi krii 020 m Z oubien bo vath baben plates lane e ta seeds a0 m C Double m bear gerit jani I Fata comencie action 10 C Hal eoii C Wih lateral plates Ceme C2530 wt ShGatbelsted web opening Disip cosca 000 Fig 1 10 Fig 1 9 BOS OY IZA OF In the case of welded sections depending on the selected Smin dt i i E kiden 1000 am section the options available are a eae Type ol hi e Simple section eyini siei tube e Double with generic joint When selected this ted contains similar options as to those found in rolled steel sections when using the option Double in box generic Fig 1 11 joint e Four with generic joint This is similar to the previous option only more options are available when conside ring the separation between sections As well as rolled and welded steel sections the program of fers cold formed steel and ties with their respective sec tions and options Using the icon further explanations can be obtained Within the sections options an ample variety of editable on the various options sections are
10. be repeated to describe the material of each bar of the structure Create elements This option is used when several aligned bars behave as a single bar To create the element select the first node from the first bar then the second node from the last bar forming the ele ment Group This option allows to match sections in such a way that the greatest section is assigned to the selected sections This situation can arise if the sections are designed differently due to the forces to which they are submitted however for more homogenous results the sections are matched Click using the left mouse button on the bars to be grou ped and once selected click with the right mouse button to unselect To add a bar to a group of bars select a bar from the group then the bar to be added CYPE Ungroup Cancels the Group option and separates the grouped bars Buckling This is used to assign B coefficients to bars and hence mo difying their buckling lengths This can be done manually by selecting the coefficient depending on each buckling plane or using the option Approximate calculation of buckling lengths rX Buckling M Assign buckling length xy plane fe TST TT By V Assign buckling length xz plane T B 0 5 gi TIT p 20 P L H V Assign moment coefficient xy plane Equivalent uniform moment factor Cm 1 000 V Assign moment coefficient xz plane Ecuavatent uniform moment factor Cm
11. can also be exported to other programs and obtain a 3D model of the whole in that program There are two options when exporting e Only geometry and properties of nodes and bars Exports the geometry and steel sections recognised by the program it is being exported to The structure does not have to be analysed or designed before it is expor ted It does not include the export of joints and so these do not have to be designed before exporting either _ Gl Only pacmey and propras of nodes and bers C Commpdetn tiling ol the shuata ioc ands Fig 1 89 e Complete detailing of the structure including joints Exports the geometry of the job the steel sec tions recognised by the program it is being exported to and the joint detailing corresponding to the steel ele ments The job and joints must be analysed before ex porting Export te Tekli Siruclones W C Ceip germs pata recess arad bes Kespiis deleting fie e Supported vernon 121 130 141 100 10841 Simple macora oled and welded eel of conutant nection Haunches obtained kan a dayal tut of on b oneton Front reinforcerent and web citterer plates Beceplaies roth sellers aed bekha Fig 1 90 Please consult our web site for the minimum program re quirements to use these options CYPE Metal 3D User manual 1 6 On screen help CYPE programs have on screen help icons to provide the user with the necessary information on the program menus dialogue
12. e Steel data rolled or welded and cold formed e Timber data e Extruded aluminium data e Foundation data The material data defined within the assistant is that which is automatically assigned to each element that is introdu ced Using the option Bar gt Describe material a different material to that defined for the job can be assigned to any element All the data defined within the assistant can be modified once the process has concluded This option is located wi thin the Job menu in the Structures tab and by clicking on Job gt General data in the Foundations tab 1 5 2 Automatic generation of the structure using DXF or DWG files As described in section 1 3 1 this option allows for the geo metry of a structure to be generated using a DXF or DWG file in which the bars have been drawn It also allows for the pos sibility to deactivate the bars that are not to be generated It is very important that one drawing unit be equal to one metre Metal 3D User manual Having chosen this option Structure tab gt Job gt Im port DXF and DWG files the DXF DWG file to be impor ted must be selected The import process begins immedia tely and concludes by displaying the Object selection window where the entities to import can be selected Fig 1 68 The DXF DWG appears in perspective therefore it is possi ble to import DXF DWG files in 3D To import the selected layers mark the respective boxes By clicking in the t
13. option allows to activate the object snaps on the program options nodes and bars A tracking option is available which can be confi gured for example if the Extension line us activated the extension of a bar is snapped to when one approaches it with the cursor it is drawn as a discontinuous line lf after the introduction of a bar the option Draw dimen sions is selected Dimensions tab in the configuration 4 window displayed in the toolbar the program will attach using the selected display colour the length and angle cor responding to the preceding point if it consists of a non de fined point If the Edit the dimension button is activated on the toolbar upon clicking on the second point a window will appear asking to confirm or edit the distance Configuration Mouse cursor Snap cursor Control points Dimension Distance to the closest extremity Length ia Fig 1 25 There are a series of buttons in the top part of the dialogue box with which it is possible to define other functions For example the X and Y distances can be introduced or alter natively the length and angle Sslavyidk dd ov Length m as Ande Fig 1 26 AE dal AAA 4 Displacement x m X Displacement Y m Fig 1 27 Depending on the plane on which is being worked on the available options will vary If an existing bar is selected the program will ask for the distance to the closest node or snap
14. point of the bar If during the introduction of a bar a known point is selec ted upon pressing with the cursor the background colour is eliminated which indicates that a dimension will not be required as the coordinates of the point have already been defined This will not occur if the Edit the dimension op tion is deactivated which implies having to use the generic dimensioning options found in Planes gt Dimensions Dimension Distance between lines m A Generic dimensions Dimension x E O Dimension Y ae Dimension Z Fig 1 28 Metal 3D User manual An option which should be taken into account when intro ducing a structure is that of Bar gt Generate nodes at in tersection points Once this option has been activated nodes are generated at bar intersections If this option is deactivated the bars will cross without generating a connection between them Planes menu options e Dimensions Upon selecting this option the following window will open displaying the available procedures Fig 1 29 o Add dimensions Used to dimension the structure Once the nodes and bars have been introduced upon clicking this option it is possible to modify their dimensions by clicking on the two nodes defi ning the distance which is to be dimensioned and typing the distance o Delete dimensions Deletes incorrect dimensions select two reference lines of the dimension to de lete o Show dimensions Displays pr
15. reinf 2 12 Stirrups 1x 6 25 Fig 1 64 Edit After the general analysis the result obtained for the beam can be modified The footing can be des igned independently and later on design the beam Tie beam F Selection E Stinups Yr Anchors iJ Code checks 7 Design e 47 5 ahe 47 5 apea 20 ssl 57 5 aje 57 5 3 k 40 gt t 29 F F a amp 1030 L 1 2912 L 395 E ON N DNES EEE 15 2912 L 395 470 Fig 1 65 To do so click on the Edit button and select a beam A window containing the following options will open o Selection This allows for the type of beam to be modified The new beam of the same type can be selected from the scroll list 36 Metal 3D Selection Tie bean ie RAQLZAVB 40 Top reinf 2 12 Bott reinf 2 12 Stirrups 1x 8 30 J l Fig 1 66 Stirrups If the options are activated the stirrups of the strap beam will be extended into the foundation up to the column starter bars Anchors Modifies the anchorage lengths Code checks Verifies the current beam Once the process has concluded a list of all the verifications that have been carried out is available Design Automatically designs the beam and ap plies all the conditions stated in the code selected by the user Once the process has concluded a list of all the verifications that have been carried out is available Detailing A transverse and longitudinal secti
16. specify the data to be used in the design of the founda tions such as the type of concrete and steel for footings or pile caps The geometric cover to the reinforcement sur face can be modified the maximum aggregate size to ve rify the spacing of the reinforcement bars the thickness of the mud slab and the allowable bearing pressures The design options and reinforcement tables may also be modi fied Reinforcement tables The program designs the founda tions using the table within its library Predefined table The user can import a table Library table or select to create a table by modifying the existing Predefined table and saving it as a Special table The job is designed using the selected table amongst the three available options Pad footings This reinforcement table is used to design the bottom and top reinforcement of the pad footings O Library table O Special table Edit table C Save as the default settings Fig 1 57 e Predefined table This table is the default table installed in the hard drive It cannot be deleted or directly modi fied It can be consulted by clicking on the Special table option then on Edit table o Button displaying name of the predefined table If there are several predefined tables the one to be used by the program in the design may be selected here Export the predefined table to the library If the pre defined table is to be modified use this option which creates
17. suitable sections are found This option is slower than the previous two options but provides a more exact result The design options can be carried out using all the sec tions of the series or using sections of the series greater than the current sections An additional option includes designing the joints of the structure acquired as a separate module All the user must do is indicate whether these are to be resolved as bolted or welded connections Analysis Do not dimension sections Quick section design Section design Using sections of the series greater than the current Using all the sections of the series Cancel Fig 1 47 Check bars Upon activating this option bars that do not verify all the conditions are displayed in red If one of these is clicked on using the mouse a window appears displaying a list of all the sections within its series whether they are suitable or not their weight per meter length their used resistance and a description of the encountered error if any The selected section is highlighted in blue to change the section double click on another which will in turn be shown highlighted in blue Code checks Section 3 IPEO80 Simple with haunches 3 IPE100 Simple with haunches Weight Resistance Errors An error has occured the slenderness of the bar is greater than the limit slenderness An error has occurred the slenderness of the bar is greater than the limit s
18. the Export to library option It can be used im mediately in other jobs using the inverse option Im port from library Another option consists in Edit li brary which allows to create modify etc the ele ments in the general library Foundation elements he program has a series of foun dation elements available for its design These include pad footings and pile caps CYPE Metal 3D User manual 31 Type of footings reinforced or mass concrete Square Centred rectangular footing Eccentric rectangular footing Tapered square footing Tapered centred rectangular footing Tapered eccentric rectangular footing O O O O oO Reinforced concrete footing With a single stat With multiple starts Fig 1 58 Mass concrete footing With a single start With multiple starts BIS bts Fig 1 59 Type of pile caps o Pile cap for 1 pile Pile cap for 2 piles Pile cap for 3 piles Pile cap for 4 piles Strip pile cap number of piles to be chosen default value of 3 Rectangular pile cap number of piles to be chosen default value of 9 Rectangular pile cap for 5 piles Pentagonal pile cap for 5 piles Hexagonal pile cap for 6 piles Hexagonal pile cap for 7 piles O O O O O O O O O Metal 3D Pile cap With a single start With multiple starts SHIA amp a Se Oe Gi Pile selected Wi D ia Penetration 100 cm Fig 1 60 e New Introduces a new foot
19. time or alter natively modifying the results proposed by the pro gram o Concrete anchorage The type of anchorage of the bolts within the concrete is to be selected De pending on the steel that has been chosen as the steel to be used for the bolts the available options will vary The options include straight extension 90 hook or 180 hook o Diameter and length Diameter and straight length of the bolts the length of the hook is not included o Corner If this option is activated four bolts will au tomatically be placed one in each corner of the plate Otherwise only those bolts stated in the next two options will be introduced o Number of bolts in X Total number of bolts in the two X faces of the plates not including those that may have been introduced as corner bolts o Number of bolts in Y Total number of bolts in the two Y faces of the plates not including those that may have been introduced as corner bolts o Distance from edge to bolts Distance from the axis of the bolts to the edge of the plate Note that the Code used to design the baseplate will provide a minimum distance Therefore if this is modified it must be verified it complies with the Code in ques tion 29 30 Metal 3D e Code checks The program carries out a Code check of the baseplate This tool is useful if the user has intro duced the baseplate data or if the baseplate proposed by the program has been modified and requires veri
20. to introduce is as follows Project situation defined by the user x Situation name s1 Persistent or transitory situation Partial safety coefficients Favourable Unfavourable Dead load 1 000 Live load 1 000 Wind Snow Soil pressures Accept 42 Metal 3D For the second case Project situation defined by the user Situation name s2 Persistent or transitory situation Partial safety coefficients Combination coefficients Favourable Unfavourable Main Accompanying Dead load 1 000 1 000 _ a Live load 0 000 1 000 Wind 0 000 1 000 Snow 0 000 1 000 1 000 1 000 Soil pressures 1 000 1 000 Fig 1 81 e Edit situations If this option is selected dialogue boxes similar to those displayed when creating the situations appear Edit Situations Reference Situations Aap Situations x Si Partial safety coefficients 52 Favourable Unfavourable Dead load Live load Wind Snow Soil pressures Earthquake Fig 1 82 All the previously defined situation parameters can be edited in this dialogue box e Create based on the code situations By selecting this option button code project si tuations of the selected material can be imported and modified to the user s needs This reduces the possibi lity of errors occurring when introducing the coeffi cients Warning
21. way do not require their separation dimensions to be indicated as the DXF or DWG will already contain that information e Import of a text DXF or DWG file In these cases the program processes the information of these files and generates nodes and bars according to the information contained in the file These formats will be commented Fig 1 1 on later An option can be selected from either of the two menus N B When a node has been introduced regardless of whether this has been in a 3D or a 2D window its relative dimensions will eventually have to be established It is important to do this as so 1 1 1 How to introduce a node on as possible otherwise the user may risk forgetting which will result in a warning message appearing during the analysis indica To introduce a node click on Node gt New ting a node is present without dimensions At that moment it may be difficult to detect the node in question if the structure being analysed contains hundreds of nodes Be careful to distinguish between a 2D view and a rotated 3D view which may appear to be a 2D view There are four ways of introducing a node CYPE 8 Metal 3D 1 1 2 How to introduce a bar Click on Bar gt New and follow the same procedure as was done to introduce the nodes Bear in mind that a bar has an initial and a final node and the same must be done to Introduce a bar as is to intro duce two nodes A bar c
22. will effectively materia lise the equal displacement hypothesis Ties cannot be assigned to nodes that form part of braced frames when the tied displacement has its projection on the plane of the braced frame 1 3 4 Loads and analysis Loadcases are defined using the following option Job gt Load gt Additional loadcases Once the loads have been defined the user can access the option located in the Load menu To facilitate data entry load introduction on nodes and bars is treated as two separate options Viewed loadcase A scroll menu allows the user to select the loadcase of the structure to be viewed Alternatively all the loadcases can be visible simultaneously Viewed loadcase Jead loac x Scales Loadcase Dead load W 0 H1 W0 H2 w 90 H1 Different scales may be assigned Ww 180 H1 to loads either by loadcase or wnai Load scales by type type point uniform Scales Uniform Point Strip Triangular Introduce loads on bars Trapezoidal Applied moment Surface select the bars on which the same load is to be applied follo wed by a click with the right mouse button in for the loads win dow to appear Here the load case type of load point line uniform can be selected and its value and angle introduced The load can also be defined relative to the local axis or global axis of the bar Temperature Fig 1 44 Cancel CYPE Metal 3D
23. 1 000 Fig 1 35 Lateral buckling This option activates the check for lateral buckling of the top or bottom flange or both by introducing the buckling B coefficient Lateral buckling Zg z p x a x 1 y Top flange S By 0 By 05 By 10 By 20 By Lor 4 4 G al 4 Ca an Bottom flange I poros pyan puan B L 6 p E A ej e M Assign critical moment factor Critical moment modification factor C1 1 000 Fig 1 36 Fixity at ends Fixity coefficients can be modified in their XY and XZ planes Fixity at ends Origin of the element End of the element Assign xy plane Fixity coef j Fixity coef O Rotational stiffness O Rotational stiffness Assign x2 plane Fixity coef i Fixity coef 1 000 O Rotational stiffness O Rotational stiffness Fig 1 37 Create and Edit deflection groups Within the program the deflection groups are created auto matically If these are to be modified or create a new group click on the first node of the group and on the end node of the group Using this option the user can specify if the deflection is secant default option or tangent to node 1 or tangent to node 2 CYPE Metal 3D User manual 23 Deflection group mk xy plane Secant O Tangent to node 1 Tangent to node 2 xz plane Secant Tangent to node 1 O Tangent to node 2 Fig 1 38 Limiting deflections
24. Software for Architecture Engineering and Construction Metal 3D CYPE Ingenieros S A Avda Eusebio Sempere 5 03003 Alicante Tel 34 965 92 25 50 Fax 34 965 12 49 50 cype cype com www cype com IMPORTANT PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT CAREFULLY The information contained in this document is property of CYPE Ingenieros S A and cannot be reproduced nor transferred partially or completely in any way or by any means be it electrically or mechanically under any circumstances without previous written authorisation of CYPE Ingenieros S A Copyright infringement may be constituted as a crime article 270 and onwards of the Penal code This document and the information it contains form an integral part of the documentation accompanying the User License of CYPE Ingenieros S A programs and cannot be separated Therefore it is protected by the same laws and rights Do not forget to read understand and accept the User License Contract of the software of which this documentation forms part of before using any component of the product If the terms and conditions of the User License Contract are NOT accepted immediately return the software and all the elements accompanying the product to where it was first acquired for a complete refund This manual corresponds to the software version indicated by CYPE Ingenieros S A as Metal 3D The information contained in this docu ment substantially describes the properties and methods of us
25. These options allow for deflection limits to be assigned to elements the value to introduce will be left to the user s opinion Limiting deflection mS D X Y Absolute maximum deflection xy C Absolute maximum deflection xz C Absolute active deflection xy C Absolute active deflection xz C Relative maximum deflection xy C Relative maximum deflection xz C Relative active deflection xy C Relative active deflection xz Fig 1 39 Information This option displays as a report a list of the data of the se lected bars as well as the use percentage regarding resis tance and deflection 24 Metal 3D Information Page preview 3 Setup cB Print h Find Bar N9 N14 Section HEA120 Simple section Material ice S275 m Se kgf N9 Ni4 5 000 0 000 99 30 Buckling Buckling xy plane 0 00 Lateral buckling Bot fl 0 00 0 000 Top fl 0 00 0 000 1 000 xz plane 0 00 0 000 0 000 1 000 1 000 1 000 Notation 1 Buckling coefficient 2 Buckling length m G Moment coefficient Deflection group G39 tee faa xy plane Secant xz plane Secant Notation 1 Absolute maximum deflection 2 Relative maximum deflection 3 Absolute active deflection Relative active deflection xz plane fmalt fmr 2 Fixity coefficients Origin 1 000 1 000 Fig 1 40 Node descriptio
26. a copy of the table within the library which may then be modified A name will be requi red for the new table e Library table These are tables created by the user which are available for the current job as well as any fu ture or past jobs o Button displaying the name of the library table If there are several library tables the one to be used by the program may be selected here o Edit the library tables This option accesses the Li brary edition dialogue box Within this window new tables may be created or deleted or copy or edit existing tables When editing a table new reinforce ment may be added etc The button Import older tables only appears when there are reinforcement tables belonging to older versions of the program This option imports the tables to the library Having imported them the program will prompt whether the old format is to be deleted e Special table This table is exclusive to the current job This button duplicates the previously selected reinforce ment table Predefined or Library table o Edit table Allows to edit the Special table o Export the special table to the library The special ta ble is exclusive to the current job however it may be exported to the library so it may be used in other jobs If it is exported the program will prompt the user for aname for the exported table If a table is created for an element and the user wishes to use it in other jobs it should be exported using
27. al to the columns with res pect to the axes of the footings and transferred to the axes of the footing The program does not consider the beams to be suppor ted by the ground The program allows the user to assign the balancing to one or both ends For example in the case of a beam run ning from a centred pad footing with respect to the co lumn to an eccentric pad footing the user can balance the end reaching the eccentric footing and leave the other as a tie beam Strap and tie beam options These are located in the Foundations tab gt Foundation elements menu e New When introducing a new beam the user can choose between o Tiebeam Oo Strap beam Hi These balance the moments transmitted by the columns shear walls and walls to the foundations relative to their axes Any type of footing can be balanced o Beam with automatic balancing at ends Ei Using this option the user can introduce a beam between two previously introduced footings and the program will automatically balance the ends which require balancing because the footing they reach is eccen tric with respect to the supported element s e g edge footing corner footing etc CYPE Metal 3D User manual 35 2x Reference Tie beam Reference Strap beam C v RAALA NE Beam with automatic balancing at the ends RAQLI OND ia l 1 Top reinf 2 12 Q Bott reinf 2 12 l Stirrups 1x 8 30 Top reinf 2 12 Bott
28. an also be introduced between two existing nodes 1 1 3 Element selection For the majority of options the different components of the structure must be selected to work with them Generally speaking there are two types of elements e Finite dimension elements hese consist of nodes and bars They may be selected in two different ways Click on the element Once selected if clicked on again the selection of the node or bar is cancelled Click at a point where no element is present drag without letting go and click at another point This way a rectangle is created with part of the structure contained within it If the rectangle is created from left to right its perimeter will be shown as a conti nuous line and only those elements it completely contains will be selected If the rectangle is created from right to left its perimeter will be displayed as a discontinuous line and all the elements that are completely or partially contained within the rectan gle will be selected Selected elements will be dis played in magenta e Non finite dimension elements hese are reference lines i e lines generated upon introducing a node or bar These are shown drawn in light blue Three lines are always generated per node in accordance with the three main axes If an option is chosen which implies the selection of one of these reference lines upon clicking on the line it will automatically be selected By CYPE clicking on it aga
29. available For example by choosing the Deck section the user may choose between a circular hollow section or a6 8 10 or 12 sided tube Additionally different diameters can be applied to the initial and final ends of the bar This way circular hexagonal octagonal decagonal 1 2 2 Extruded aluminium The program has the option of using extruded aluminium and dodecagonal truncated cone sections can be introdu ced CYPE bars designed according to Eurocode 9 These are intro duced in the same way as steel bars Fig 1 12 1 2 3 Special aluminium sections The aluminium extrusion process has the advantage that as well as being able to obtain standard transverse alumi nium alloy sections specific designs can also be obtained The program uses an Extruded aluminium section edi tor which allows for the design and check of aluminium al loy bars with specific transverse sections Upon clicking the Special aluminium section button a dialogue box opens with options to create copy edit and manage a library of special extruded aluminium sections Using the create button or edit button once special sec tions have been defined the extruded aluminium section editor is displayed on screen The specific design of the section increases the range of available transverse sections allowing for an optimum combination which simplifies the constructions process of the structure with mechanical properties which maximise the
30. boxes and options There are four different ways to access the help options 1 6 1 Pressing F1 To obtain help on a menu option press F1 All the icons with help explanations available will be highlighted in blue If you wish to obtain help on an option within a menu ha ving pressed F1 unfold the menu and click on the desired option 1 6 2 Question mark icon hand corner of the title bar Specific help on a program op tion can be obtained the following way click on the ques tion mark icon then unfold the menu containing the option for which the help is sought and click on the option A win dow will appear containing the required information This option provides the same information as when the F1 key is pressed A question mark icon can be seen at the top right This help can be deactivated in three ways by clicking on the right mouse button by clicking on the question mark icon or by pressing the Esc key You can equally obtain information on the toolbar icons Upon selecting the question mark icon ia the icons will be highlighted in blue as with the F1 option By then clicking on the icon the help information will be displayed Option windows that open within the program also contain the question mark icon in their title bar By clicking on it the option or icon help can be accessed 46 Metal 3D 1 6 3 Book icon Within the title bar of several windows an open book icon can be found which upon clic
31. c tions are not checked or designed The user defines the following properties of the bars once they have been posi tioned CYPE Metal 3D User manual 17 Section geometry The user introduces the distances bet ween the centre of gravity and the surrounding outline of the section in the two directions of each of the local axes of the section e Left width e Right width e Bottom depth e Top depth Mechanical characteristics e Area e Shear area Avy e Shear area Avz e Bending inertia lyy e Bending inertia Izz e Torsional inertia It Material e Modulus of elasticity e Poisson s ratio e Coefficient of thermal expansion e Unit weight OOS OHI AE Mechanical chacacteristics t Material per 250 sm Area A El ent Modan of Elastecy 20801000 MPa Right wih 2 25 0 Shaw weai 283 emt Poitsorts rate E Bonon depth 3 250 am Shay aos Arei W83 erf Coeticiert d thems epanson O00 mint Top depth H 40 em Banding narta hyp 5200 end Ued ungt 7701 KNA f P Bending inestia izz 5208 cmi i Tasers retia D 87 50 em j ele Fig 1 23 18 Metal 3D 1 3 Basic introduction of a structure The introduction of a 3D structure is defined in 3 phases e Geometrical and structural introduction e Bar and node description and their properties e Definition of load states and loads to which the struc ture is submitted 1 3 1 Geometrical and structural introduction There are two ways of introdu
32. cing the geometry by impor ting a DXF DWG file with the drawing of the structure in 3D and its corrects coordinates or by manual introduction of the structure with the aid of the implemented drawing tools to facilitate data entry Data entry by importing a DXF or DWG file Within the Job menu the option Import DXF and DWG files can be found Once the selected file has been read within the Object selection window the layers which are to be im ported can be selected Upon selecting each layer it will be highlighted in blue in the graphics area of the window Fig 1 24 CYPE This way the geometry of the structure is rapidly introdu ced having only to describe the nodes and bars their attri butes and loads These topics shall be seen later on Manual data introduction Within the 3D views only nodes or bars with known coordi nates will be possible to do so the reference lines of other previously introduced nodes or bars have to be captured To facilitate this task the program has the following options available e Snap and grid cursor Upon activating this option the movement of the cursor is forced within the interval of the points defined within the increment option and igno ring any in between e Repeat the last selection Using this option any bars nodes or loads which were previously selected are re selected e Object references In the same way as these are se lected for a DXF DWG file this
33. concrete shb O Dinti wonkednnd in box D Double m box wth batten plates CO Double i bax geneic ort O Hat recon CO With lera pister O Castellated fweb openings Secton en Fig 1 30 Describe disposition This option is located within the Bar menu once activated the Describe disposition window will appear in which the angle of the section can be chosen as well as its position relative to the axis of the bar Describe disposition T He Calculate the relative rotation angle to the active window plane Position RAALAN Displacement mm TE Fig 1 31 The angle of the section can be defined in reference to the local axes of the bar or using the option to calculate the ro tation angle relative to the plane of the active window Fig 1 32 Using the Describe disposition option it is possible to define the displacement of the axis of the bar with respect to the definition line of the bar By being able to define the eccentricities the more the analysis model resembles the real structure and hence the program can take into ac count the introduced displacements and use them in the stiffness matrices of the different elements To change the CYPE Metal 3D User manual position of the axis click on one of the nine points of the diagram of the section corners mid point of a face or the axis of the section and upon doing so the new position of the axes can be seen A displacement in Y an
34. creen the current option in use is left on hold click and hold the left mouse button so to drag the image on screen to the desired posi CYPE tion To deactivate the option re click on the pan icon Alter natively instead of using the pan icon hold down the scroll button of the mouse and move the mouse to displace the image When this option is selected the vertical and horizontal dis placement bars appear on screen 1 5 6 Change of background colour The background colour may be modified within the Confi guration menu in the top right hand corner of the screen displayed as a globe Rek x oS ma os l A A N E O Bt BF e nts 2 Printer RA Document text styles w Send job B Drawings p Details x9 Undo Redo Hh Background colour Background colour x Fig 1 71 1 5 7 Selection of recently opened jobs Within the menu File gt Recent files the user has access to the latest jobs that were accessed 1 5 8 Automatic generation of loadcase combina tions Additional loadcases may be defined by clicking the option in the dialogue box which opens upon clicking on Job gt Loads Ihe option displays all the loadcases of the job and allows for them to be edited as well as allowing for other loadcases to be added dead live wind earthquake and snow loads and establish their compatibility conditions Additional loadcases mS Use categories B Offices D Shops Tel E
35. ctions are to be seen Fig 1 50 Batten plate distribution Using this option the batten plates designed for each bar are displayed Force diagrams Force deflection and deformed shape diagrams of the bars are graphically displayed using this option CYPE Metal 3D User manual 27 Metal 10 H 1 Wael Benes Generation ede lar Load dnas doree paeplster Window Heo AY ean ple eds H ails oe Ps Sucta Fondation i Ansy Force diagram a Fig 1 51 Values at a point This option allows to consult the forces and deflection of bars Milal Alt Hoi Wathore trampe es Hi l i Ele Jeb Benes generation Node ar Load draps Jerte ataplates Wndw ie SERA Era a 28 Metal 3D Envelope and Envelopes at a point Using the Envelope option the force deflection and used values of the bars can be viewed There is an additional op tion of viewing the Envelopes at a point as in the case of Force diagrams SQ RAQLAROB Besa of FSR GOH OS HRP TAKS umiei Rae hee oN ERA YAYAUES gie s me gt Fig 1 53 Alternatively a more personalised list of elements can be obtained by selecting the desired bars and nodes upon clicking on Job gt Reports on a selection of elements 1 3 5 Joints The program also designs welded or bolted connections depending on how the user wishes for them to be resolved inalyir Jari dape ce U Ficha all Pe mai h kje core beer o o Merys al n
36. d or Z can be applied Once the window has been accepted the displa ced section will be drawn relative to the definition line a dash dot line will be drawn at the position of the axis of the section so those sections whose axis positions have been change can be identified more easily Fig 1 33 To interpret the results provided by the program correctly it is very important to take into accoun t that even though the section has been displaced the surrounding conditions support conditions reactions imposed displacements etc are applied at the nodes situated at the introduction axis Additionally forces continue to be represented on the introduction axis which in turn correspond to the centre of gravity of the sections Invert the direction of the X axis of the bar Upon clicking on a bar with this option activated the direc tion of the local X axis of the bar is inverted This way sym metrical bar layouts can be obtained in the structure if non symmetrical sections are used such as Z sections or angles Changing of the axis of the section inverts the initial and end positions of the bar For cases where fixity coefficients 21 22 Metal 3D have been applied or loads have been applied the pro gram will automatically modify the introduced data so these do not undergo any alterations due to the modification of the axis Fig 1 34 Describe material Once the sections have been described the same process must
37. e Baseplate E Layout Stiffeners Bolts Code checks 7 Design S 7 Fig 1 56 Baseplate If specific baseplate dimensions are to be used or those proposed by the program are to be mo dified these may be specified here Layout The position of the centre of the baseplate with respect to that of the steel section can be modified in this option The data introduced here will be considered with in the automatic design of the plate o Centred This is the default option whereby the axes of the baseplate and steel section coincide o By coordinates Ihe distance to the centre of the baseplate with respect to the axis of the section is introduced o By initial overhang When this value is left as zero the program adjusts the initial face of the section to the initial edge of the baseplate If this value is alte red the section will move the inwards by the amount stated in the Overhang field CYPE Metal 3D User manual o By final overhang When this value is left as Zero the program adjusts the final face of the section to the final edge of the baseplate If this value is alte red the section will move the inwards by the amount stated in the Overhang field Stiffeners Using this option stiffeners may be intro duced or those proposed by the program may be mo dified Bolts This option contains the options relative to the bolts to be used in the design These may be used upon designing the baseplates for the first
38. e of the program or programs accompanying it The information contained in this document could have been modified after its mechanical edition without issuing a warning The software accompanying this docu ment can be submitted to modifications without issuing a previous warning CYPE Ingenieros S A has other services available one of these being the Updates which allows the user to acquire the latest versions of the software and accompanying documentation If there are any doubts with respect to this text or with the software User License or for any queries please contact CYPE Ingenieros S A by consulting the corresponding Authorised Local Distributor or the After sales depart ment at Avda Eusebio Sempere 5 03003 Alicante Spain Tel 34 965 92 25 50 Fax 34 965 12 49 50 www cype com CYPE Ingenieros S A 1st Edition November 2010 Edited and printed in Alicante Spain Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation CYPE Metal 3D User manual 3 PIESEMAUON 2c itcnicavetacdiakvedeaned baoddasddadoa es 5 1 4 2 1 Polygonal limits for footings o oo canana 34 1 4 3 Strap and tie DEMS e secreet ee 30 1 Program description 00000 eee eee 7 1 5 Complementary options 00 cee ee of Hel todo MUNCUIONS lt cudaeauctrated a EEr 1 5 1 Data introduction assistant 00 0 00 c eee of ek introduce anode 0 cece eee eee 7 pects NOM i 1 5 2 Automatic gen
39. ence obtain its maximum optimisa tion The element dimensions are created without the need of having to introduce coordinate systems or rigid meshes CYPE 5 6 Metal 3D CYPE Metal 3D User manual 7 1 Program description 1 1 Basic functions e Using coordinates Type the coordinates using the number pad on the keyboard Type in the X coordinate and press the Y coordinate and press and the Z coordinate and press All the options of Metal 3D can be selected from the menus on the right and from the drop down menus at the top of the main screen The two selection zones can be seen in the figure below e By clicking directly on screen using the mouse When working in a 3 dimensional view nodes should only be introduced over a blue reference line or over a Metal 3D T Warehouse example 1 ed3 3D Rex File Job Planes Generation Node Bar Load Analysis Joints Baseplates Window Help xX oe Beg ee bar When working in a 2 dimensional view the node a can be introduced at any point If there are no existing selection of el reference lines one will be created at that moment Reports on 22 e of elements i e Snap using DXF or DWG DXF or DWG file templates _ can only have 2 dimensions to be visualised in a 2D cm window Once a DXF or DWG view is available a node can be introduced by clicking with the mouse with the aid of the object snap settings Nodes introduced in this
40. eration of the structure using 1 1 2 How to introduce abar 0 00 8 DXF or DWG files 0 000 eee a7 1 1 3 Element Selection s sss ssensnnetasnta seian stan mis 8 1 5 3 Exporting reports in TXT HTML PDF and RTF 1 1 4 Order criteria of bar nodes 0 002 eee 8 formats d PClIMINGIV VIEWS 22 5saeeeview stand prasi iad itini 38 1 15 Reference SVSIEMS coon g are coke wi ad oa sauce ado ewes 8 phe eeu ne 1 1 6 Creation of windows with new views of the structure 9 He TED NE OC a aaa aes 5 9 Dispi f the image onscreen TE ETE IONS coed oe cer esses 10 1 5 5 Displacement of the image on screen 38 1 5 6 Change of background colour 000 38 EAR dle 4908 eeee sere ctementaee eect eames nos 10 l l E 1 5 7 Selection of recently opened jobs 38 1 2 2 Extruded aluminium ee 12 E 1 5 8 Automatic generation of loadcase combinations 38 1 2 3 Special aluminium sections een 13 Tease UGe Cale OMCs test dene yee dese saa e cleaners 39 Te is PID Dl Son coat ascent by owe hee ne eis onde nas 15 To 10 EMI e 5 055 30 awn tc cewnoand TT 40 be LONE E a ea aaa E a EEE 17 a Ea T Boncick m 1 5 10 1 Combination configuration for each limit state 40 2 6 Generic bars 2 cc censseeeusececeeyedeasseunieses E 1 5 10 2 Project situations introduced by the user 4 1 3 Basic introduction ofa structure
41. eviously hidden di mensions o Hide dimensions Using this option it is possible to deactivate the dimensions which are not to be vi sible in the drawings Select the two reference lines to hide which will be drawn in grey e References and Show hide planes These two options are found in the Plane menu and are both used to view reference lines 19 20 Metal 3D The difference is that the References option allows to deactivate or activate specific groups of reference lines of the structure whereas the Show hide planes option al lows to select which reference lines will be visible or hidden for a group of nodes e Show hide new planes Using this option it is specified that reference lines will be generated upon introducing new nodes within the structure These can be displayed using the Show hi de planes options e Group This is used when there are equal parts of the structure contained in planes parallel to orthogonal axes Using this option it is possible to group planes with these properties in such a way that when a modification is carried out it is equally carried out on the rest of the grouped planes To group the planes select Planes gt Group and from the emerging window select the type of plane to group XY XZ YZ and select the nodes through which the plane belonging to that group passes It will be assi gned a number e Ungroup To ungroup the planes select Planes gt Ungroup and from the emer
42. fying When the process has concluded a report of the assessed checks is available e Design The program automatically designs the base plate so it verifies all the limits established by the Code and user Any specifications introduced in the Base plate Stiffeners and Bolts options are not taken into ac count only those in the Layout option If the user wishes to modify the baseplate it may be done having concluded the design and then perform a Code check e 3Dview Provides an isometric view of the baseplate and section Match This options allows for one baseplate to be selec ted and assign it to other baseplates so to achieve more uniform results Check Once the design has been carried out upon clicking on this option any baseplates not verifying all the results will be displayed in red If one of these baseplates is clicked on a dialogue box will appear warning that not all the checks have been verified and prompts whether or not the user wishes to view the report of assessed checks so to view why the baseplate has failed Design Simultaneously analyses and designs the founda tions pad footings pile caps the user must have pre viously indicated the soil and footing data in Foundation tab gt Job gt General data Options and baseplates If any errors arise the program will provide a warning when running the design CYPE 1 4 2 Foundation options General data and Options from the Job menu The user can
43. ging window which plane is to be un grouped XY YZ YZ and select the nodes through which the planes to ungroup pass through 1 3 2 Bar description and their properties Once the geometry of the structure has been introduced the bars and nodes can be described The following op tions are located in the Bar and Node menus CYPE Describe section This option is contained within the Bar menu Using this option the user can specify the type of section previously selected bars are to have Io do so open a selection win dow using the mouse or alternatively select the bars one by one as a bar is approached by the cursor it will be high lighted in blue At that moment by clicking on the left mouse button the bar s will be selected and displayed in orange By then right clicking with the mouse button the Describe section window will open where the section to assign to the bars can be defined Within the Describe section window a wide range of sec tion sizes and materials are available the user can select amongst rolled welded cold formed aluminium or timber sections These are selected by clicking on their correspon ding button which will allow the user to choose from a section series or define the section Having accepted the options upon returning to the Describe section window the selec ted section will be displayed in the top right hand corner SOLS OHS AE Larout i Simple rectori O Sangis wath haunches CIW
44. gt Open New A new window can be selected amongst the following types e 2D view in a plane orthogonal to the X Y or Z axis To create the new view select two coplanar lines using the mouse e 2D view of a plane To a new view to appear click on three non aligned nodes and contained within the plane to create 9 Metal 3D 3D view of the whole structure Upon clicking on accept a new 3D view of the whole structure will be created New view 6 2D view in a plane othogonal to the X Y or Z axis O 2D view of a plane E 3D view of the whole structure Cancel Fig 1 2 1 2 Different bar sections 1 2 1 Steel bars Steel bars editable or from section tables are available in different arrangements depending on their shape and type of steel When selecting a section its position and combination with other elements can also be selected Its properties can be indicated in the options that appear on screen For example if a rolled steel section is selected the user can select whether it consists of a simple section or if it has lateral plates if it has haunches if it is double in a box with batten plates etc FOLIO SE Ciiik CF hunch Section l PEO E tread boon Purch irae blian harch 10 im O Fig 1 3 CYPE Each case contains different options For sections welded together the user can choose whether it is a continuous or discontinuous weld so ereres JES
45. in it will become unselected If the in tersection of three reference lines is clicked on all three will be selected 1 1 4 Order criteria of bar nodes When a bar is introduced the program needs to know which is its initial and final node These criteria do not hold any relation to the introduction order of the bar ends The order criteria is as follows end 1 has the smallest Z coordinate If the Z coordinate is the same at both ends end 1 is that possessing the smallest Y coordinate If the Y coordinates are also the same end 1 is that corresponding to the smallest X coordinate 1 1 5 Reference systems There are four reference systems e General axes or global axes e Local bar axes or bar x axis e Local plane axes of the bar or horizontal x axis e Local axes of the section At this point when bar is mentioned this is done in refe rence to an immaterial section that when described will coincide with the longitudinal axis of the section The sec tion is a material element which can be steel concrete or any other material described in the program The diversity of the reference systems is due to the pro gram allowing the user to work and introduce data in a 3D system The first three systems are used to introduce loads The last for buckling related issues and result consultation of a specific section General axes These are drawn in the bottom left hand corner of the screen and a represented by a trihed
46. ing reinforced ea or mass concrete 4 or pile cap Wi to be selec ted from the types in the list above Strap and tie beams to be introduced are also selected here Delete Deletes an existing foundation element Edit Analyses and designs the pad footing pile cap or strap or tie beam or verifies the element designed by the user Once the foundations have been generated these may be edited Upon clicking on the element to be edited the following dialogue box will appear containing the options described below Isolated foundation element Fig 1 61 Metal 3D User manual Isolated foundation element mx FRARK SE RAR AA de Materials ff Piles Be Geometry ie Reinforcement igi Code checks Z Design Fig 1 62 Materials Modifies the properties of the materials and the allowable bearing pressure in the case of mass and reinforced footings of the soil assigned in the Ge neral Data dialogue box Piles only for use with pile caps The type of pile its penetration the separation between piles of the pile cap and number of piles in the case of a strip pile cap can be modified Geometry Here the dimensions of the footing may be modified If the user wishes to carry out a check on a footing or pile cap with specific dimensions these may be introduced and then the program will calculate the necessary reinforcement by clicking on Design gt Re design If the footing or pile cap is to be designed with mi
47. ing the user to define the execution control use cate gory and snow level By clicking on the pencil and question mark icon on the right the combination generated by the program can be consulted and where the partial safety coefficients y and combination coefficients y are indicated 1 5 10 1 Combination configuration for each limit state This option can be found in the bottom part of the Limit states dialogue box and allows to specify the limit states for concrete foundations cold formed steel rolled steel aluminium and timber For any of these the option Project situations introduced by the user can be selected This option allows the user to specify the particular project com binations to be used situations to in the calculations corres ponding to the structural elements of the job Limit states to verify Concrete EC Remaining CEN Member States H lt 1000 m Foundations EC Remaining CEN Member States H lt 1000 m Cold formed steel EC Remaining CEN Member States H lt 1000 m Rolled steel EC Remaining CEN Member States H lt 1000 m Timber EC Remaining CEN Member States H lt 1000 m Aluminium EC Remaining CEN Member States H lt 1000 m Ground bearing pressures EC Remaining CEN Member States H lt 1000 m Displacements Characteristic loads Fig 1 76 1 5 10 2 Project situations introduced by the user This option allows to configure particular project situations It is carried o
48. king on it will display ge neral information on the contents of the window 1 6 4 Quick guide The option information displayed using the F1 key can also be consulted and printed out by selecting Help gt Quick guide These explanations are those corresponding to the options found within the screen tabs The explanations in the dialogue boxes are different to those of the guide 1 6 5 About Displays information of the program its name and version A button in the bottom right hand corner displays the li cense number of the dongle which when clicked upon dis plays a list of all the acquired modules and codes At the bottom of this dialogue box the configuration of network hardlock button can be found which allows for the dongle to be configured in the user s machine CYPE
49. lected in the general data options C14 Select material for the bar Sawn from conifers or poplars Sawn from frondescent species O Glued laminated homogenous O Glued laminated combined Resistance class Oct4 ma ma cC20 Oc22 ele O27 O30 alen En OcC4 OC Fig 1 21 To assign the type of timber and resistance class select the bar s in question and click on Bar gt Describe mate rial Alternatively the bar s may be assigned the type of timber selected in Job gt Timber sections The properties of the material required to calculate the forces such as ten sile compression shear and bending resistances are assi gned automatically by the program once the type of mate rial has been assigned 1 2 5 Concrete bars Circular and rectangular with constant or variable depth may be defined The program calculates the forces which these bars are submitted to and displays the results by simple loadcases combinations or envelopes The resis tance of concrete bars is not checked i e their sections are not checked or designed EOL EKO OT ecb aes DO om Inteldept 200 om Final deh 0 on Oe i Rectangular with variable depth Fig 1 22 1 2 6 Generic bars Generic bars of any other material may be defined The program calculates the forces which these bars are submit ted to and displays the results by simple loadcases The re sistance of the generic bars is not checked i e their se
50. lenderness 6 IPE120 Simple with haunches 3 IPE140 Simple with haunches X amp IPE160 Simple with haunches 3 IPE180 Simple with haunches 3X IPE200 Simple with haunches E IPE220 Simple with haunches 3 IPE240 Simple with haunches yf IPE270 Simple with haunches yf IPE330 Simple with haunches yY IPE360 Simple with haunches yf IPE400 Simple with haunches f IPEARN Giranla mith harmohas Meaning of the icons XM Section that fails a check yY Section that passes all the checks Fig 1 48 Displacements Using this option the displacements of the selected nodes and bars can be viewed allowing for the possibility of se lecting the displacements corresponding to a specific load case combination or combination envelope Upon clicking on a bar the displacements of its initial and final nodes will appear To deactivate the option right click with the mouse button Meral JO hs Vl ane fee IEA use dank SE H L De Job Blanes Generstion pode pw osd Pis asepistes Window sip 4 x eho RAQ 4AAO Rts koe se Soe To CF cet ieee Pee ee tt eee ee ee Aje F H ina bre IET T ri F BP Eegi of appii ol wailed rts it A earwheae Fig 1 49 Reactions This option allows to consult the reactions at supports with external fixity The tyoe of loadcase combination or enve lope can be selected This option is similar to the previous option Click on the supports for which the rea
51. n Now the bars have been described the following step consists in describing the nodes When a node is introdu ced in the program it is introduced by default as fixed If the degrees of freedom of the nodes or their fixities are to be modified this can be done using the options Internal fixity and External fixity located in Node menu Internal fixity This option defines whether bars reaching a node are to be fixed or pinned Internal fixity JES CYPE External fixity This option defines the fixity of bars reaching external fixi ties such as connections introduced in the Beam Definition of CYPECAD External fixity TEPEE VXXX Displacements Disp x Fixed Elastic Disp y Fixed Elastic Disp z Fixed Elastic Rotations Rotx Fixed Elastic Roty Fixed Elastic Rot z Fixed Elastic Fig 1 42 1 3 3 Ties Ties may be defined between nodes The ties between the nodes are used to indicate that two or more nodes have the same displacements for all the loadcases The option is lo cated in the Node menu where the displacement can se lected in one two or three directions in accordance with the X Y and Z global axes The number corresponding to each group of nodes whose displacements have been tied is displayed on screen Bear in mind that for two or more nodes to have the same displacement an element or construction arrangement must be present in the structure that
52. n the intersection of the bar with the general XY plane The local Z axis of the plane of the bar is the projection of the local Z axis of the bar on the intersection of the plane of the bar with the general ZY plane The local Y plane of the bar coincides with the local Y axis of the bar Metal 3D User manual e Local axes of the section hese axes exist as of when the bar is described i e when the section of the bar has been identified Specific steel section rectan gular concrete section etc The local axes of the sec tion coincide with the local axes of the bar However if the section is rotated the axes of the section rotate with it whereas the local axes of the bar do not As a guide the general axes are drawn in the bottom left hand corner of the screen The local axes of the section are also shown when the Describe bar option is selected and when introducing the Buckling data The local axes of the bar and the local axes of the plane of the bar can be deduced easily based on the local axes of the section Additionally for the majority of structures knowing which are the global axes and the local axes of the section which are drawn on screen will suffice To understand the other two reference systems read their description carefully and think of a three dimensional view 1 1 6 Creation of windows with new views of the structure To create new windows displaying 2D and 3D views use the option Window
53. nimum dimensions i e the user wishes for the di mensions to be at least the values that have been intro duced and if necessary the program will increase them click on Design gt Minimum dimensions In the case of pile caps the overhangs are always indicated with respect to the axis of the pile o Geometry of a square footing the dimensions of the length and depth of the footing are required o Geometry of the centred rectangular footing the di mensions of the x width y width and depth of the footing are required o Geometry of the eccentric rectangular footing the following data is required Initial x width overhang of the footing to the left Final x width overhang of the footing to the right Initial y width overhang of the footing to the left Final y width overhang of the footing to the right Depth of the footing o Geometry of the tapered square footing the total width pedestal width pedestal depth and edge depth are required o Geometry of the tapered centred rectangular foo ting the dimensions of the x width y width of the footing are required as well as the x and y widths of the pedestal the pedestal depth and edge depth o Geometry of the tapered eccentric rectangular foo ting the following data is required Initial x width overhang of the footing to the left Final x width overhang of the footing to the right Initial y width overhang of the footing to the left Final y width
54. nmis mih belied connec han CYPE Within the Options menu the user can choose whether to use prestressed or non prestressed bolts i e ordinary bolts and specify their steel class and range of diameters that are available Further options include whether or no to al ways provide haunches at element connections apen Morpreiraited bakt Prestressed boke Stitterers Bolt caries code eso ong F so anr Bolt steel clase Oar Ose Gee amp ae Ois Available diameters H Ejer Slee Elwa Oma COME e Ues taracentratrern claret ent Duis ete Fez Cee Ce Fig 1 55 1 4 Foundations 1 4 1 Baseplates Materials the type of steel to be used for the bolts and ba seplates is to be selected as well as the type of concrete Options the thickness of the levelling mortar must be se lected this thickness will only affect the anchorage length of the bolts where the thickness of concrete within the mor tar is not considered as forming part of the anchorage length as well as indicating several geometrical rations to aid in the baseplate design Generate This option allows for baseplates to be gene rate at the bottom of the steel columns Delete Using this option previously introduced baseplates may be deleted Edit Upon selecting this option and clicking on a base plate a dialogue box will open where the baseplate can be designed automatically or check its design with modified data from the user Baseplat
55. o Complete calculates the dimensions and the rein forcement of the footing or pile cap without bearing in mind any geometrical limits stated by the user o Minimum dimensions Verifies the footing or pile cap does not fail with the minimum dimensions in troduced in the Geometry option by the user If it does fail it increases the geometry to what is requi red the dimensions are never decreased o Redesign Only designs the reinforcement without modifying the dimensions introduced in the Geome try option Having concluded any of these three processes a report displaying the checks that have been performed can be obtained CYPE Match Allows to assign a footing to others These will be displayed in red if they fail a check Information By clicking on this option and then ona footing or pile cap the allowable bearing pressure di mensions and reinforcement are displayed 33 34 Metal 3D e Move Allows the user to move the position of the foo ting or pile cap e Rotate Rotates the pad footing or pile cap about its centre axis The possibilities are as follows O O Manual introduction of the angle Two point introduction Select two points on the screen defining the direction vector and click on the foundation element Angle of the column Click on the foundation ele ment followed by the column bearing on the foun dation whose angle is to be adopted In the case of several columns bearing on the same foundation
56. on of the beam is displayed with its reinforcement and dimensions 3D view Provides a 3D view of the beam F Selection MA Simp PrAnchos f Codechecks gf Dern CYPE Fig 1 67 Delete Deletes a previously introduced beam Match Having previously edited a strap or tie beam and then clicking on this option those beams that are the same will be highlighted By right clicking on the mouse button and clicking on a different type of beam any that are equal to it will then be highlighted Adjust Adjusts the edge of a beam to the furthest foundation vertex Extend Allows the user to extend an end of the beam Move This option allows to move the end of a beam or the entire beam Balance ends Allows for the balancing action to be activated or deactivated upon clicking at the end in question If the strap beam balances the load at a spe cific end a curved arrow will appear indicating that the balancing is active If the arrow does not appear the balancing at that end is not active 1 5 Complementary options 1 5 1 Data introduction assistant When a new job is created in Metal 3D an assistant is dis played which allows the user to introduce the general data of the job e Codes Concrete for foundations Rolled and welded steel Cold formed steel Timber and Extruded alumi nium and seismic code activation dynamic spatial analysis e Limit states load combinations e Additional loadcases and use categories
57. op left hand corner of the box four further options are available for a more rapid selection Object Selection aja 4 i Arrange i Fig 1 69 3 38 Metal 3D 1 5 3 Exporting reports in TXT HTML PDF and RTF formats and preliminary views Metal 3D allows for all the generated reports to be exported in TXT HTML PDF and RTF formats The selection of ele ments to export is carried out upon executing the Print op tion File gt Print gt Job report A dialogue box will ap pear where the selection can be made Reports Chapter numbering All chapters v Index W Job data v Codes considered o E 5j Limit states v Project situations Combinations E Dynamic seismic loading Earthquake general data Participation coefficients Global stability analysis Fire resistance Structure V Geometry Loads Results Foundations Code checks Fig 1 70 It is equally possible to obtain a preliminary view of the list 1 5 4 Undo and Redo options during data introduc tion Metal 3D contains the Undo and Redo options which allow to cancel the last operations that have been carried out or redo those which have been cancelled using the previous option 1 5 5 Displacement of the image on screen To displace the drawing on screen select the pan icon h from the toolbar at the top of the s
58. overhang of the footing to the right Pedestal x and y widths xX and y coordinates of the pedestal centre of the intersection Edge depth e Reinforcement Using this option the reinforcement proposed by the program can be modified o Bottom mesh the diameter of the bars their sepa ration and type of anchorage is to be defined o lop mesh the diameter of the bars their separation and type of anchorage is to be defined o Perimeter reinforcement its diameter and separation For pile caps the reinforcement depends on the type of pile that has been selected and if beams are present for the type in question Metal 3D User manual Options For rectangular footings with a centred or ec centric start the options available are those in relation to the direction of growth of the footing Code checks This option allows the user to verify the footing or pile cap and the reinforcement introduced by the user or if these have been modified based on the automatic results generated by the program Having concluded the process an report is available detailing the checks that have been carried out The checks that are carried out do not take into account any specifica tions imposed by the user only the criteria and codes of the program Design Automatically designs the footing or pile cap and its reinforcement verifying all the limits established in the selected code and the data of the user There are several options
59. program a use category consists of a group of live loadcases be they automatic or additional which combine with the other loadcases that have been defined in the job with the same combination coefficients This way the live load combinations for each use category can be analysed correctly amongst all the use categories and the remaining loadcases of the job for which different use categories exist The use categories can be selected in Job gt Loads gt Additional loadcases Once the use categories have been selected the user must then create new additional loadcases for each use category When the user proceeds to assign a load to a bar or node the loadcases that have been defined will appear in the scroll down menu so the appropriate use category may be selected Introduce loads on bars Loadcase A WY Dead load Live load Use B Offices Live load Use D Shops Live load Use E Warehouses X i Type of Axes that define the direction of the load Global axes O Local axes of the bar Direction and application direction of the load Fig 1 75 CYPE If a new job is created using the automatic introduction pro cess the user can define the use categories during the au tomatic introduction 1 5 10 Limit states This option is selected by clicking on the option in the dia logue box which opens upon clicking on Job gt Loads Having done so the Limit states dialogue box appears al low
60. red conditions for normal situations It is equally possible to know the use factor of each section by selecting the option Analysis gt U L S checks having analysed the job If the fire resistance check has been acti CYPE vated and the section fails a message will appear when checking the U L S of the section Fire resistance check failed If on the contrary the section passes all the fire checks its use percentage will be displayed When calculating with the fire resistance check any length variations the elements may suffer due thermal conditions are not considered by the program Timber sections have to be assigned a resistance class de pending on their mechanical properties in a way to guaran tee the value of the properties of the timber are equal to or greater than those corresponding to the assigned Resis tance class The types of timber and corresponding resis tance classes considered by the program are those pre sent in the UNE EN 338 and UNE EN 1194 codes for solid and laminated wood respectively e Wood sawn from conifers or poplars Resistance class C14 C16 C18 C20 C22 C24 C27 G30 C35 G40 C45 C50 e Wood sawn from frondescent species Resistance class D30 D35 D40 D50 D60 D70 e Homogenous glue laminated wood Resistance class GL24h GL28h GL382h GL36h e Combined glue laminated wood Resistance class GL24c GL28c GL382c GL386c Describe material Timber O Material se
61. resistance effectiveness with minimum weight The pro gram also offers the possibility of stiffened sections without having to use composite sections which avoids having to weld or bolt the components CYPE Metal 3D User manual Using the extruded aluminium sections editor any section can be created open with cells made up of thin walled flat elements and used in the structural analysis to proceed with the resistance calculation including the corresponding check reports Fig 1 13 Fig 1 14 13 14 Metal 3D Edit Section Fig 1 15 Edit Section fA EN B 2A Mh Fig 1 16 CYPE Edit Section Fig 1 17 The editor offers information on the mechanical and torsio nal properties of the gross section required for the structu ral analysis which is updated after any modifications have been carried out Properties displayed include the section s area moment and product of inertia torsion module war ping constant and shear centre coordinates Using the calculated resistance of the sections created with the editor the section is checked for the forces derived from the structural analysis The analysis incorporates an automatic calculation of the section s susceptibility against the local buckling of the thin walled elements making up the transverse section assuming each one buckles inde pendently The local buckling coefficient
62. rised by material humidity content at a temperature of 20 C and relative air humi dity exceeding 65 only a few weeks per year Fig 1 18 e Service class 2 Is characterised by a material humidity content at a temperature of 20 C and relative air humi Metal 3D calculates timber structures and carries out the dity exceeding 85 only a few weeks per year structural verification and design of the elements in accor Service class 3 When climatic conditions leading to hu dance with Eurocode 5 including fire resistance check midity contents greater than those of service class 2 are found Timber sections are introduced in the same way steel struc tures are introduced by using the option Bar gt Describe section A section library containing the most common sections is provided The library can be managed in a simi lar way as the steel library whereby it can be edited and personalised The service class is to be defined once the section has been accepted in the Bar gt Describe section option The service class can also be defined by clicking on Job gt Timber sections Within this dialogue the Check fire resis tance box can be activated which checks the structure against fire in accordance with Eurocode 5 part 1 2 The analysis is carried out using the reduced section method which verifies the load capacity of each element using an effective section which in turn is obtained by deducting the effective carbonisation thicknes
63. ron indicating the direction and positive sense of the axes Local bar axes In this case the X axis coincides with the direction of the bar The Z axis is perpendicular to the X axis and is contal ned in a vertical plane which contains the local X axis and is parallel to the general Z axis In the case of a vertical bar i e parallel to the general Z axis and as there are infinite vertical planes containing the X axis the reference vertical plane to obtain the lo cal Z axis is parallel to the general ZY plane The Y axis is perpendicular to the local X and Z axes of the bar Regarding their direction the positive X direction is from node 1 to node 2 The positive Z direction is al ways upwards That is if the local Z axis is projected on the general Z axis it has the same positive direction as the general Z axis Finally the positive direction of the local Y axis is the direction corresponding to fastening a screw rotating from the local Z axis to the local X axis via the shortest route Local axes of the plane of the bar If the bar is intro duced using a 2D view the plane of the bar is precisely that 2D view If the bar is introduced in a 3D view the plane of the bar is the vertical bar i e the plane containing the bar and that additionally is parallel to the general Z axis Bearing in mind what has been said previously the lo cal X axis of the plane of the bar is the projection of the local X axis of the bar o
64. s from the Initial section CYPE 16 Metal 3D Timber sections Service class O1 2 O3 Duration of the loads introduced as live loads Loadcase Duration Snow initial state Permanent Snow redistribution 1 Permanent Snow redistribution 2 Permanent Live load Permanent Check fire resistance Required resistance OR15 R3 OR45 OREO OR ORI20 OR80 O R240 Surface protection Non protected surfaces Surfaces protected by wood derived planks Surfaces protected by plasterboard planks internal layer Cancel Fig 1 20 The effective carbonisation depth is determined as a func tion of the carbonisation speed of the timber for the Requi red resistance and bearing in mind if a surface protection has been applied in the form of wood derived planks or plasterboard planks and its respective failure period if any The section verification is carried out in a similar manner as is for steel and aluminium sections Once the forces acting on the bar have been calculated Analysis gt Analyse any sections not verifying one or more conditions of the se lected code are displayed in red Upon clicking on one of these bars a dialogue box appears displaying all the mem bers of the series and indicating which of them are suitable and which are not If the Check fire resistance option has been activated the verification in case of fire will only be undertaken if the section verifies all the requi
65. se can be e Compatible The load groups can be applied on their own or combined with other load groups belonging to the same loadcase e Incompatible The load groups do not combine with other load groups of the same loadcase for example in the case of wind loading where the wind is blowing in a given direction and will not be combined with wind blo wing in another direction e Simultaneous The combinations of the defined addi tional dispositions are generated taking into account that they all act simultaneously This tyoe can be used when wishing to define a group of loadcases divided into load groups and so make them easier to edit vi sualise etc Once the dialogue box has been accepted and having de fined at least two additional loadcases the program will display a table at the bottom of the dialogue box where the combination between loadcases of the same nature can be combined amongst themselves 1 5 9 Use categories Different use categories can be defined for the structure Examples of use categories include dwellings shops wa rehouses garages etc The number of use categories the program allows to choose amongst depends on the selected code For example the use categories for the Eurocode are 39 40 Metal 3D e A Domestic and household e B Offices e C Meeting areas e D Shops e E Warehouses e F Vehicle weight lt 30 kN e G 30kN lt vehicle weight lt 160 kN e H Roofs For the
66. tab gt Li mits gt New The limits may be introduced manually by defining each edge or by snapping to a DXF DWG template Metal 3D T CYPE Ingenieros Projects Metal 3D warehouse ed3 File Job Foundation elements Analysis Help S64 BAMA ROQCZANB Athe OF 2 SR BA Ax 28 FRB wee eI DANMDOM Ks O New DA Fig 1 63 Once the polylines defining the limits have been introdu ced the user may delete or move them insert a new vertex or eliminate a section of the polyline These polylines have certain logical restrictions regarding their position e They cannot intersect a column e They must cut the outlines of the footings before and af ter their design e Footings with multiple columns cannot be trimmed in such a way as to leave one column isolated from the rest of the columns or column starts sharing the footing If a polyline does not comply with one of these conditions the program will not consider the limit generated by the po lyline The defined limits have no effect on strap and tie beams pile caps tapered footings or strip footings They only af fect reinforced concrete and mass concrete footings of constant depth 1 4 3 Strap and tie beams Rigid bending is not considered in the case of tie beams or strip footings however it is in the case of strap beams which balance the load and act as tie beams they absorb the moments produced at the base of the columns due to the eccentricity of the force norm
67. ut in the same manner for all the structural ele ment types Concrete Foundations Steel Aluminium Tim ber The tuat Wi D Ground bearing pressure and Displacements Concrete General data now Remaining CEN Member States H lt 1000 m Fracture U L S j a D da p Fissure U L S i Wi i fe Na Fig 1 77 following options are available to define the project si ions introduced by the user Create new situations Delete previously introduced situations Copy the selected situation Edit the selected situation ta Library manager to use the situations in other jobs Create based on data of situations stated in the selected code e Create new situations By clicking on the button the Create Situa tions window will open CYPE Metal 3D User manual 41 Create Situations Reference a eD Situations Fig 1 78 A reference must be introduced to indicate the situation that is going to be defined Having done so click on the Add new element to the list button and the Com bination coefficients window will open Combination coefficients fx Introduce safety factor You hbn yet S O Introduce safety and combination factors pa You Yor pres 2 Yar Fay Fig 1 79 Here the user can define the combinations in two different ways by safety factors or by safety and combination fac tors For the first case the data
68. which affects the slenderness parameter of each element can be edited and so be able to consider other buckling modes The section is Classified based on the previous analysis and with it the effective properties elastic or plastic are obtained which will then be used for the resistance checks Metal 3D User manual 15 1 2 4 Timber bars Library Selection Bx i AAD ea Timber bars can be circular square rectangular and rec Keyword Library Name i iacomi Sections from A ominas tangular with variable depth aes Profil ARBED Catalogue rasi atalogue for Brazil brasil Catal for Brazil cintac CINTAC Manual condesa tructural Tubular Sections d CONDESA Tubular Secti B csa CSG Manual B ensidesa Ensidesa Aceralia Catalogue europa atalogue TUBOS EUROPA Catal Describe section Section Layout C Section description Simple section B gerdau Gerdau bars and sections B hylsa HYLSA Catalogue ias_96 Argentine Steel Institute IAS B imca IMCA Manual 3rd Ed B msa IMSA Catalogue A aza L ZA Manual Material Timber Section Section data Editable v Section type Default Library tecno Tecno Steel Sections Round bar 150 Fig 1 19 Square bar Dimensions in mm Rectangular bar Rectangular variable depth Edit section The timber used for the structure has to be assigned a ser vice class depending on its environment e Service class 1 Is characte

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