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MPLAB REAL ICE In-Circuit Emulator User's Guide

1. DATAEN R3 100 DATAEN DATALEN CLKEN R4 R 100 CEKEN T CLK EN SN65MLVD206 3 3V USPID uspo 3 3V U8 HOT VDD R5 1 16 100 E 1 USPID R7 10K 3 14 HOT DEN SN65MLVD206 B 4 13 IN Le HOT CEN 3 3V HOT VDD 5 12 HOT USDO 6 11 HOT USCK USPIC USCK 133V CH i R6 SNE GND2 9 R9 Re 100 GND1 GND2 5 10K 210K EC sN sMLVD209 9 1 ADUM3402_ SO16 300 FIGURE 13 16 ISOLATOR UNIT SCHEMATIC POWER 3 3V R23 L1 D1 zx WA MY D C18 L AR C21 05 10uH CRS08 C25 10uF 6 3V 0 1uF 10 25V 3 3V 1 2 5 6 U18 Het Fat ai R17 11 7K 1 100K Sv Exr gt Z pq oun IRLMS2002 MICRO6 43 3V 6 3 4 R20 MO cs SHDN FB 100K MCP1652 MSOP8 R28 4 22K 1 HOT VDD S a Ba HOT_ 5V AM s mm pt e C32 LT IL C30 05 10uH CRS08 L C31 10uF 6 3V 0 1uF 10 25v VOV o 1 2 5 6 U22 LH SE 01 R37 a RED 11 7K 1 100K 8 ivn EXT 3 S Y PG GND IRLMS2002 MICRO6 HOT VDD ve imc csi Y vw SHDN FB 100K C MCP1652_MSOP8 R39 Y Y 4 22K 1 Y 45V 433V HOT VDD VDD TAR SR C17 C18 dE C1 C9 C12 C13 C28 L openee 014 029 E 0 1 EE 0 1 04 7104 Y 2009 Microchip Techn
2. Breakpoints m D Projects32 RITut counter c Right click a breakpoint From the list below to remove or edit it or check the enabled column to enable disable it 30 Set up Timeri Breakpoint Type Address File Line Enabled B1 TimerIniti Program Memory 000298 counter c 39 32 Program Memory 00029e counter c 40 33 Initialize varia 54 counter INIT_COUN 35 36 while 1 37 Wait for Time 38 if TimerIsOverf Event Breakpoints sequenced Breakpoints ANDED Breakpoints 39 B counter l 40 B PORTA count Stopwatch Add Breakpoint 41 F End of if 42 43 F End of while loop 44 End of main 45 v lt gt 3 Runthe program to see it halt at the first breakpoint The values in the Watch win dow will not change Then run again to see it stop at the second breakpoint The program may skid past this breakpoint Now the values in the Watch window will change DS51616C page 50 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Tutorial 4 11 4 Using the Stopwatch with Breakpoints To determine the time between the breakpoints use the Stopwatch FIGURE 4 16 STOPWATCH DIALOG Start Condition Select a current breakpoint or trigger condtion to start the stopwatch Select Start Condition Stop Condition Select a current breakpoint or trigger condition to stop the stopwatch Select Stop Condition None Reset stopwatch on run
3. 1 Click Stopwatch on the Breakpoints dialog to open the Stopwatch dialog FIGURE 4 17 STOPWATCH DIALOG Stopwatch Start Condition Select a current breakpoint or trigger condtion to start the stopwatch Select Start Condition None C Start condition will cause the target device to halt Stop Condition Select a current breakpoint or trigger condition to stop the stopwatch Select Stop Condition Stop condition will cause the target device to halt Reset stopwatch on run 2 Under Start Condition click Select Start Condition and choose the first break point Then uncheck Start condition will cause the target device to halt 3 Under Stop Condition click Select Stop Condition and choose the second breakpoint Then check Stop condition will cause the target device to halt 4 Check Reset stopwatch on run 5 Click OK 6 Run the program until it halts In the Output window on the REAL ICE tab the number of cycles between the two instructions should be shown as Stopwatch cycle count 3 7 Clear both breakpoints from the code by deleting them from the Breakpoints dia log double clicking on each line to remove them or right clicking on each line and selecting Remove Breakpoint You can also right click and select Breakpoints gt Remove All Breakpoints to remove both at once O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 51
4. Output None Overview Initializes Timerl for use Kk k k k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kok void TimerInit void PR1 OxFFFF IPCObits TIIP 5 TICON 0b1000000000010000 IFSObits TIIF 0 RK kk kk kk k k k k kk kk kk k k k k k kk k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk k k k ck k k k k kk Function TimerIsOverflowEvent PreCondition None Input None Output Status Overview Checks for an overflow event returns TRUE if an overflow occured Note This function should be checked at least twice S per overflow period KR k k k k k k k k k k k X k k k k k kk k k k k k kk kk kk kk kk kk K unsigned char TimerIsOverflowEvent void if IFSObits TIIF IFSObits TIIF 0 TMR1 0 return 1 return 0 AER kk kk kk k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk k k k k k k k kk EOF Kk k k k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk k RARA RARA koe ke ke ke x f DS51616C page 40 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Tutorial 4 4 RUNNING THE PROJECT WIZARD The MPLAB C compiler for PIC24 MCUs and dsPIC DSCs formerly MPLAB C30 will be used in this project You may either purchase the full compiler or download a free evaluation version from the Microchip website
5. 12 8 9 3 DEVICE SPECIFIC SUPPORT For PIC18FXXJ PIC24H dsPIC30F SMPS and dsPIC33F devices data captures and runtime watches use the same resource For more information see Chapter 7 Debug for 8 and 16 Bit Devices For PIC32MX devices data captures and runtime watches use separate resources For more information see Chapter 8 Debug for 32 Bit Devices Note For PIC32MX devices a maximum of 62 variables may be used for runtime watch 12 3 10 Data Capture Properties Dialog Select Data Capture Properties from the Update right click menu in the Watch win dow to see this dialog The data capture properties dialog has the following options Address or symbol to capture The data address in hex for capture as specified in the Watch window When to capture entry Specify if the capture happens on read or write from the X bus Data capture can only be performed on register sized variables For PIC18 MCUs only byte sized variables can be captured For dsPIC DSC PIC24 devices only 16 bit variables can be captured such as shorts and ints but not floats and longs Data captures use the same resources as breakpoints so the maximum available num ber of breakpoints applies to the maximum number of available data captures and breakpoints As an example if 4 breakpoints are available and two breakpoints are set up to two data captures may be set also If Native trace is used then data captur
6. 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 37 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide FIGURE 4 1 MPLAB IDE DESKTOP MPLAB IDE v8 36 QuE File Edit View Project Debugger Programmer Tools Configure Window Help Dc Li MG SAVAR Se tea 0 Checksum x fcf orkspace Le EJES PT Output Build Version Control Find in Files O Files 42 Symbols PIC16F877A W 0 zdec bank 0 4 2 1 Selecting the Device To select the device for this tutorial 1 Select Configure gt Select Device 2 Inthe Device Selection dialog choose PIC24FJ128GA010 from the Device list box The light icon next to MPLAB REAL ICE in the Microchip Tool Programmer Debugger Tool Support sections should be green 3 Click OK 4 2 2 Selecting the Emulator as a Debugger To select MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator as a debugger select Debugger gt Select Tool gt REAL ICE Then 1 The Output window will open to display connection information Depending on the version of MPLAB IDE or the device selected a message box may appear indicating that the firmware needs to be updated MPLAB IDE will automatically install the new firmware Also since different MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emu lator firmware is used for different families of devices this message box may appear when switching to a different device For more information see 12 3 13 Output Window REAL ICE
7. 1 appear 2 selected To set up this project select Project gt Project Wizard A Welcome screen will Proceed to the second dialog of the wizard The PIC24FJ128GA010 should be Proceed to the next dialog of the wizard to set up the language tools In the Active Toolsuite pull down select Microchip C30 Toolsuite Make sure that the tools are set to the proper executables by default located in the directory C Program Files Microchip MPLAB C30 bin MPLAB C30 should be pointing to pic30 gcc exe and MPLAB LINK30 should be pointing to pic30 1d FIGURE 4 2 exe PROJECT WIZARD TOOLSUITE SELECTION C L L Project Wizard ES Step Two Select a language toolsuite qe z S Browse Active Toolsuite Microchip C30 T oolsuite Toolsuite Contents MPLAB ASM30 Assembler pic30 as exe MPLAB C30 C Compiler pic30 gcc exe MPLAB LINK30 Object Linker pic30 ld exe E Za evel Location C Program Files Microchip MPL B C30 bin pic30 gcc exe Help My Suite Isn t Listed O Show all installed toolsuites Gs Cr 4 Proceedto the next dialog of the wizard to give a name and location to your proj ect You may Browse to find a location FIGURE 4 3 PROJECT WIZARD PROJECT NAME Project Wizard Step Three Create a new project or reconfigure the active project Mi Create New Project File C Pro
8. 12 3 2 Set Breakpoint Dialog Click Add Breakpoint in the Breakpoints Dialog to display this dialog Select a breakpoint for the Breakpoints dialog here 12 8 2 1 PROGRAM MEMORY TAB Set up a program memory breakpoint here TABLE 12 3 PROGRAM MEMORY BREAKPOINT Control Function Address Location of breakpoint in hex Breakpoint Type The type of program memory breakpoint See the device data sheet for more information on table reads writes Program Memory Execution break on execution of above address TBLRD Program Memory break on table read of above address TBLWT Program Memory break on table write to above address Pass Count Break on pass count condition Always break always break as specified in Breakpoint type Break occurs Count instructions after Event wait Count 0 255 instructions before breaking after event specified in Breakpoint type Event must occur Count times break only after event specified in Breakpoint type occurs Count 0 255 times DEER 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 113 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 12 3 2 2 DATA MEMORY TAB Set up a data memory breakpoint here TABLE 12 4 DATA MEMORY BREAKPOINT Control Function Address Location of breakpoint in hex Breakpoint Type The type of data memory breakpoint See the device data sheet for more information on X Bus reads writes X Bus
9. Chapter 4 Tutorial A brief tutorial on using the emulator Part 3 Features Chapter 5 General Setup How to set up MPLAB IDE to use the emulator Chapter 6 Basic Debug Functions A description of basic emulator features available in MPLAB IDE when the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator is chosen as the debug tool This includes the debug features breakpoints stopwatch and external triggering Chapter 7 Debug for 8 and 16 Bit Devices A description of data capture runtime watches and trace for 8 and 16 bit data memory devices Includes the types of trace available and how to setup and use trace Chapter 8 Debug for 32 Bit Devices A description of data capture runtime watches and trace for 32 bit devices Includes hardware and software setup for use of PIC32 instruction trace Part 4 Troubleshooting Chapter 9 Troubleshooting First Steps First steps to take if you have problems with the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator Chapter 10 Frequently Asked Questions A list of frequently asked questions useful for troubleshooting Chapter 11 Error Messages A list of error messages and suggested resolutions Part 5 Reference Chapter 12 Emulator Function Summary A summary of emulator functions available in MPLAB IDE when the MPLAB REAL ICE emulator is chosen as the debug or program tool Chapter 13 Hardware Specification The hardware and electrical specifications of the emula
10. FAQ Error Messages Debugging and Programming chapter expanded into several chapters under Part 2 Features Device and Feature Support section added to Overview chapter Updates to most existing chapters Revision C September 2009 Two mini posters replaced by one under Recommended Reading in the Preface Device and Feature Support tables in Overview updated Tool comparison table added in Operation chapter Table added to Quick Debug Program Reference in General Setup Updated Data Capture and Runtime Watches section in Debug for 32 Bit Devices Setting Up and Using Trace broken up into two sections in Debug for 32 Bit Devices one for PIM usage and one for MCU on board 22 ohm resistors text added to diagram PIC32MX360F512L PIM Pin Connection Diagram in Debug for 32 Bit Devices Watch symbol support info added in Emulator Function Summary chapter Settings dialog info may be saved in workspace note added in Emulator Function Summary chapter New settings also added Isolation unit section added to Hardware chapter More connector circuitry detail shown in the Hardware chapter Troubleshooting section added with Troubleshooting First Steps chapter FAQ and Errors chapters O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 143 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide NOTES DS51616C page 144 O 2009 Microchi
11. RIErr0017 File register read failed RIErr0018 NMMR register read failed RIErr0019 Failed while reading emulation registers RIErr0020 Failed while writing emulation registers See Section 11 3 2 Emulator to Target Communication Error Actions RIErr0021 Command not echoed properly Sent x received x RIErr0022 Failed to get REAL ICE version information RIErr0023 Download FPGA failed RIErr0024 Download RS failed RIErr0025 Download AP failed See Section 11 3 3 Emulator to PC Communication Error Actions RIErr0026 Download program exec failed If you receive this error while attempting to program from the Debugger menu 1 Deselect the emulator as the debug tool 2 Close your project and then close MPLAB IDE 3 Restart MPLAB IDE and re open your project 4 Reselect the emulator as your debug tool and attempt to program your target device again lf this does not work see Section 11 3 4 Corrupted Installation Actions RIErr0027 Bulk transfer failed due to invalid checksum See Section 11 3 3 Emulator to PC Communication Error Actions Also ensure that the cables used are of the correct length RIErr0028 Download device database failed If you receive this error 1 Try downloading again It may be a one time error 2 Try manually downloading Select Debugger gt Settings Configuration tab and click Manual Download Select the highest number jam file and click Open RIErr0029
12. RIErr0047 Bootloader download failed RIErr0048 Unable to set trace options See Section 11 3 3 Emulator to PC Communication Error Actions RIErr0049 Unable to open file for streaming data trace Trace will be turned off The trace file cannot be opened 1 Make sure the directory is not Read Only Right click on it and check its Properties This file is located by default in C Program Files Microchip MPLAB IDE REAL ICE 2 Deselect and then reselect the emulator as the debug tool RIErr0050 Unable to set probe options See Section 11 3 3 Emulator to PC Communication Error Actions RIErr0051 Unrecognized trace data format received Data capture or Native trace has gotten out of sync with MPLAB IDE First try to Halt Reset and then Run again If this does not work 1 Unplug and plug in the emulator 2 Reconnect to the emulator in MPLAB IDE 3 Check that the target speed is entered on the Clock tab of the Settings dialog 4 Run again RIErr0052 The current REAL ICE hardware version x is out of date This version of MPLAB IDE will support only version x or higher Did you click Cancel when asked to download the latest firmware If so you will need to download it now Select Debugger gt Settings Configuration tab and click Manual Download Select the highest number jam file and click Open If you cannot find any files to download or if this does not work corrupted file you will ne
13. 2009 Microchip Technology Inc MICROCHIP MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature All of these methods to our knowledge require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip s Data Sheets Most likely the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as unbreakable Code protection is constantly evolving We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our products Attempts to break Microchip s code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act If such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work you may have a right to sue for rel
14. 4 11 3 Setting Multiple Hardware Breakpoints To set multiple breakpoints either set numerous single breakpoints as specified in the previous section or use the Breakpoints dialog see Section 12 3 1 Breakpoints Dialog The Breakpoints dialog also allows you to control breakpoint interaction Note If you exceed the maximum allowed number of breakpoints for your device MPLAB IDE will warn you 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 49 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 1 Select Debugger gt Breakpoints to open the Breakpoints dialog The breakpoint set in the previous section will be displayed in this dialog Click the Add Break point button to add another breakpoint 2 Onthe Program Memory tab of the Set Breakpoint dialog enter 29E as the hex Address and click OK FIGURE 4 14 SET BREAKPOINTS DIALOG Set Breakpoint Program Memory Data Memory Address 2 Hex Breakpoint Type Program Memory Execution v Pass Count Condition Always Break v Count 0 255 The additional breakpoint will appear below the previous breakpoint in the Break points dialog and also as a breakpoint symbol next to the following line of code PORTA counter display on port LEDs The breakpoint symbol is yellow in this case because it was set based on an address FIGURE 4 15 TWO BREAKPOINTS
15. Low Voltage Differential Signaling A low noise low power low amplitude method for high speed gigabits per second data transmission over copper wire LVDS differs from normal input output I O in a few ways Normal digital I O works with 5 volts as a high binary 1 and 0 volts as a low binary 0 When you use a differential you add a third option 5 volts which provides an extra level with which to encode and results in a higher maximum data transfer rate A higher data transfer rate means fewer wires are required as in UW Ultra Wide and UW 2 3 SCSI hard disks which use only 68 wires These devices require a high trans fer rate over short distances Using standard I O transfer SCSI hard drives would require a lot more than 68 wires 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 153 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Low voltage means that the standard 5 volts is replaced by either 3 3 volts or 1 5 volts LVDS uses a dual wire system running 180 degrees of each other This enables noise to travel at the same level which in turn can get filtered more easily and effectively With standard 1 0 signaling data storage is contingent upon the actual voltage level Voltage level can be affected by wire length longer wires increase resistance which lowers voltage But with LVDS data storage is distinguished only by positive and neg ative voltage values not the voltage level Therefore
16. S2 PIM selected PIC selection for devices soldered onto the board J7 PIC24 selected the emulator will communicate directly with the PIC24FJ128GA010 and not the on board PIC18LF4550 USB device JP2 LEDs have been enabled by connecting Jumper 2 D1 on Power being supplied to board 4 8 2 Clock Speed For data capture and trace the emulator needs to know the instruction cycle speed Based on the previous demo board set up the target oscillator will be 8MHz This will make instruction cycle speed 8MHz 2 4MIPS Select Debugger gt Settings click on the Clock tab and enter the clock information 4 9 LOADING PROGRAM CODE FOR DEBUGGING Select Debugger gt Program to program RITut hex into the PIC24FJ128GA010 on the Explorer 16 demo board Note The debug executive code is automatically programmed in upper program memory for MPLAB REAL ICE debug functions Debug code must be programmed into the target device to use the in circuit debugging capabilities of the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator During programming the REAL ICE tab of the Output dialog shows the current phase of operation When programming is complete the dialog should look similar to Figure 4 10 FIGURE 4 10 OUTPUT WINDOW MPLAB REAL ICE TAB output BAX Build Version Control Find in Files REAL ICE MPLAB REAL ICE detected Connecting to MPLAB REAL ICE Firmware Suite Version 01 17
17. Section 12 5 3 Settings Dialog Trace Tab to enable trace Make sure you are using a compiler version that supports this emulator function see Section 7 3 1 Requirements for Trace TABLE 12 7 TRACE SETUP Control Function Related Section Enable Trace Check checkbox to enable trace Chapter 7 Debug for 8 and mechanism 16 Bit Devices Disable Trace Check checkbox to disable Section 7 3 8 Disabling Trace Macros inserted trace macros e treat macros as comments Communication Communication method for trace Medium Native Select to use the device s native Section 7 3 3 1 Native Trace resources for trace 1 O Port Select to use a device I O port for Section 7 3 3 2 I O Port Trace trace and then select the port you will be using from the pull down list SPI Select to use device SPI pins for Section 7 3 3 3 SPI Trace trace and then select the SPI port you will be using from the pull down list Device Resources For the communications medium Section 7 3 3 Types of Trace Used chosen a description of device resources used is displayed Set your clock speed for these types of trace Debugger gt Settings Clock tab 12 3 13 Output Window REAL ICE Tab Selecting View gt Output opens the Output window This window contains tabbed infor mation about program output See MPLAB IDE documentation for more on this window For th
18. clock 1 n n nf n nn bit 7 bit O For a log record bit 6 is 0 the low order bits identify the data type t and the log number is sent in the next byte nnnnnnn thus freeing up a full 128 values clock 0 t t t t t t bit 7 bit 0 clock n n n n n n n bit 7 bit 0 IR A O RX ED 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 81 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 7 3 11 Quick Trace Reference If you are new to using the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator trace feature it is recommended that you read through the entire trace section for a full understanding Use this section as a quick reference for trace 1 Select Project gt Build Options gt Project Trace tab For full trace capability Enable Trace should be checked and Disable Trace Macros should be unchecked Select the type of trace you want Make sure your hardware can support this choice 2 Select Debugger gt Settings Click the Clock tab and enter the instruction cycle speed Click the Trace tab to change the size of the trace buffer 3 Right click in your code to enter trace macros __TRACE __ LOG as desired 4 Onthe Project Manager toolbar select Debug from the Build Configuration drop down list 5 Rebuild your project reprogram your target device and run your program FREE EE ERT DS51616C page 82 2009 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT MICROC
19. y Pr 02C2 PORTA ox0000 Watch Watch2 Watch 3 Watch 4 3 Rebuild the project Project gt Build All and reprogram the target device Debugger gt Program 4 Make sure the Watch window is visible Then Run the program and watch the counter values change real time in the Watch window 5 Halt the program 6 Remove the runtime watch by clicking again on the second brown diamond The diamond then should no longer be colored 7 Close the Watch window 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 53 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 4 13 DEBUGGING CODE USING NATIVE TRACE The trace function can be used to collect information on variables and code and store it in a buffer while the code is executing In this section Native trace will be used For more information about tracing in general using the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator see Chapter 7 Debug for 8 and 16 Bit Devices Note 1 2 Trace operation requires 16 bit C compiler v2 04 and above Real time data capture triggers from the previous section cannot be used at the same time as Native trace 4 13 1 Logging Variable Values To log a variable value 1 Select Project gt Build Options gt Project Trace tab Check Enable Trace and uncheck Disable Trace Macros Then select the type of trace i e Native Trace for devices with built in ICE support Click
20. Communication failure Unexpected command echo response x received from REAL ICE See Section 11 3 3 Emulator to PC Communication Error Actions DS51616C page 100 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Error Messages RIErr0030 Unable to read find firmware File s If the Hex file exists Reconnect and try again If this does not work the file may be corrupted Reinstall MPLAB IDE If the Hex file does not exist Reinstall MPLAB IDE RIErr0031 Failed to get PC RIErr0032 Failed to set PC See Section 11 3 2 Emulator to Target Communication Error Actions RIErr0033 d bytes expected d bytes received See Section 11 3 3 Emulator to PC Communication Error Actions RIErr0034 This version of MPLAB IDE does not support hardware revision 06x Please upgrade to the latest version of MPLAB IDE before continuing Find the latest MPLAB IDE at www microchip com RIErr0035 Failed to get Device ID See Section 11 3 1 Read Write Error Actions RIErr0036 MPLAB IDE has lost communication with REAL ICE See Section 11 3 3 Emulator to PC Communication Error Actions RIErr0037 Timed out waiting for response from REAL ICE RIErr0038 Failed to initialize REAL ICE RIErr0039 REAL ICE self test failed For this error the emulator is not responding 1 Unplug and plug in the emulator 2 Reconnect to the emulator in MPLAB IDE 3 If the problem persists contact Microchip RIErr0040 The t
21. If you do not see a peripheral on the list check All Other Peripherals If this does not halt your desired peripheral be aware that some peripherals have no freeze on halt capability and cannot be controlled by the emulator To select all peripherals including All Other Peripherals click Check All To deselect all peripherals including All Other Peripherals click Uncheck All 12 5 5 Settings Dialog Status Tab View the status of your MPLAB REAL ICE system on this tab TABLE 12 11 STATUS ITEMS Versions Firmware Suite Version Emulator firmware suite version The firmware suite consists of the three items specified below FPGA Version Internal FPGA chip firmware version Algorithm Plug in Version Emulator algorithm plug in version For your selected device an algorithm is used to support the device plugged in to the target OS Version Emulator operating system version Voltages REAL ICE VPP Emulator pod VPP REAL ICE VDD Emulator pod VDD Target VDD Vdd sensed at target Refresh Voltages Sensing of Status tab items occurs when the tab is activated To see updates otherwise click this button Run Loopback Test To check emulator operation insert the loop back test board see Section 13 9 Loop Back Test Board and then click this button DS51616C page 124 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Emulator Function Summary 12 5 6 Settings Dialog Clock Ta
22. Often the data is put into the form of a list of actions in a text file Stimulus may be asynchronous synchronous pin clocked and register Stopwatch A counter for measuring execution cycles Storage Class Determines the lifetime of the memory associated with the identified object Storage Qualifier Indicates special properties of the objects being declared e g const Symbol A symbol is a general purpose mechanism for describing the various pieces which comprise a program These pieces include function names variable names section names file names struct enum union tag names etc Symbols in MPLAB IDE refer mainly to variable names function names and assembly labels The value of a symbol after linking is its value in memory Symbol Absolute Represents an immediate value such as a definition through the assembly equ directive System Window Control The system window control is located in the upper left corner of windows and some dia logs Clicking on this control usually pops up a menu that has the items Minimize Maximize and Close Target Refers to user hardware DS51616C page 162 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Glossary Target Application Software residing on the target board Target Board The circuitry and programmable device that makes up the target application Target Processor The microcontroller device on the target application board Template Lines of text that y
23. Table of Contents Part 1 Overview Chapter 1 About the Emulator LA MAROC Rem E PE 15 1 2 Emulator Defined viso eerta Ritt iio Neo NN ne SA 15 1 3 How the Emulator Helps You 5 een tre an e 16 1 4 Emulator Kit Components 5 uei ciae eate osa os 16 1 5 Device and Feature Support eee eee eee eee eee eee eee nenene nen 16 Chapter 2 Operation 21 a dee ie e s ioo a iode dd 17 2 2 Tool COMparisonS e LM e EE 17 2 3 Emulator Communications with the PC and Target ee 18 2 4 Target Communication Connections een 21 2 5 Trace Connecuoris ouest ee entender sce mu Me E ad ee 24 2 6 Debugging with the Emulator ied etre rtis detente td ede 27 2 7 Requirements For Debugger ir od rt e totem ie uia 27 2 8 Programming with the Emulator ertet ee iere aet 30 2 9 Resources Used by the Emulator coooooconnnnnccccccnnnnnonnccccncccnnnnnnnnnannnnnnnos 30 Part 2 Getting Started Chapter 3 Installation ica ptc 33 3 2 Installing the Software cuidan tr etate nb Rte sa tare pes 33 3 3 Installing the USB Device Drivers AAA 33 3 4 Selecting Target Communications essen 34 3S setting Up the Target Lin nee EE 35 3 6 Connecting the Logic Probes sara D tuse ipe EE te thue gege 36 3 7 setting Up MPLAB IDE cnica 36 Chapter 4 Tutorial 4 1 IIO HOT verdi ut ce o ease tle darted wie aa ee ce fub t cbe esito 37 4 2 Setting Up The Environment nrbe ter tein teria 37 4 3 Creating the Application Code n
24. either through MPLAB IDE or as a command line programmer by using REALICECMD in the Programmer Utilities folder of the MPLAB IDE installation folder 2 9 RESOURCES USED BY THE EMULATOR For a complete list of resources used by the emulator for your device please see the on line help file in MPLAB IDE for the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator DS51616C page 30 2009 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT MICROCHIP EMULATOR USER S GUIDE Part 2 Getting Started Chapter 3 INStallation P Rav 6 33 Ghapler 4 Tuto Malaisia 37 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 31 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide NOTES DS51616C page 32 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT MICROCHIP EMULATOR USER S GUIDE Chapter 3 Installation 3 1 INTRODUCTION How to install the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system is discussed Installing the Software Installing the USB Device Drivers Selecting Target Communications Setting Up the Target Connecting the Logic Probes Setting Up MPLAB IDE 3 2 INSTALLING THE SOFTWARE To install the MPLAB IDE software first acquire the latest MPLAB IDE installation executable MPxxxxx exe where xxxxx represents the version of MPLAB IDE from either the Microchip web site www microchip com or the MPLAB IDE CD ROM DS51123 Then run the executable and follow the screens to install MPLAB IDE 3 3
25. for drive levels You will not be able to use external triggers if you are using the logic probe port for another debug feature such as Section 7 3 3 2 I O Port Trace Section 8 3 PIC32 Instruction Trace For more on external trigger hardware see Section 13 5 4 Logic Probe External Trigger Interface DS51616C page 74 2009 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT MICROCHIP EMULATOR USER S GUIDE Chapter 7 Debug for 8 and 16 Bit Devices 7 1 INTRODUCTION The following debug functions are specific to 8 and 16 bit devices Data Capture and Runtime Watches Trace 7 2 DATA CAPTURE AND RUNTIME WATCHES Data capture provides streaming data from a device to the following Data Monitoring and Control Interface DMCI Tools menu A runtime watch provides updating of a variable in the following windows during program execution instead of on halt Watch View menu File Register View menu Special Function Register SFR View menu Data captures and runtime watches use the same resource Therefore setting one or both uses the resource for the selected symbol To set up data captures and or runtime watches 1 Select View gt Watch to open the Watch window to set up data capture and or run time watches for specific data addresses See Section 12 3 9 Watch Window Data Capture Runtime Watch for more information 2 Select Debugger gt Settings and click the Cloc
26. in front of the page number The numbering convention for the DS number is DSXXXXXA where XXXXX is the document number and A is the revision level of the document For the most up to date information on development tools see the MPLAB IDE on line help Select the Help menu and then Topics to open a list of available on line help files INTRODUCTION This chapter contains general information that will be helpful to know before using the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator Items discussed include Document Layout Conventions Used in this Guide Warranty Registration Recommended Reading The Microchip Web Site Development Systems Customer Change Notification Service Customer Support 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 7 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide DOCUMENT LAYOUT This document describes how to use the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator as a development tool to emulate and debug firmware on a target board as well as how to program devices The document is organized as follows Part 1 Overview e Chapter 1 About the Emulator What the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator is and how it can help you develop your application Chapter 2 Operation The theory of MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator operation Explains configuration options Part 2 Getting Started Chapter 3 Installation How to install the emulator software and hardware
27. proceed to step three below To install a driver board 1 Insert the desired driver board into the emulator pod 2 Plug in the USB power cable 3 Attach the communication cable s To change a driver board remove target power and unplug the USB remove the board insert the other board and then plug in the USB and power the target FIGURE 3 1 INSERT DRIVER BOARD AND USB POWER CABLE Emulator Pod USB Power MPLAB From PC T ja REAL ICE i me ACTIVE WP STATUS MICROCHIP FUNCTION RESET Standard or High Speed Driver Board I I Communications hr Cable s i lo 4 From Target NENNEN DS51616C page 34 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Installation 3 5 SETTING UP THE TARGET Once the type of communication has been determined by inserting the corresponding driver board into the emulator the target must be set up to accommodate this as well as the type of target device to be used i e regular or ICE Some devices have built in debug circuitry These regular devices may be used directly by the emulator on the target Other devices have no built in debug circuitry For these devices a special ICE device Device ICE is required mounted on a header board For more on header boards see the Header Board Specification in Recommended Reading Note Some regular devices have ICE devices available to provide dedicated debug pins and sometimes memory 3 5 1 Using Regu
28. 14 Firmware type dsPIC33F 24F 24H MPLAB REALICE Connected Target Detected Device ID Revision 00003001 Programming Programming Verify complete Note If you have trouble programming your device or communicating with the emulator unplug the Explorer 16 board and use the Loop Back Test board Section 13 9 Loop Back Test Board to verify communications For additional help see Chapter 10 Frequently Asked Questions FAQ DS51616C page 46 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Tutorial 4 10 RUNNING DEBUG CODE The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator executes in Real Time or in Step mode Real Time execution occurs when the device is put in the MPLAB IDE s Run mode Step mode execution can be accessed after the processor is halted These toolbar buttons can be used for guick access to commonly used debug operations Debugger Run Halt Animate Step Step Step Reset Menu Into Over Out Toolbar Buttons D 00 vol D P E Begin in Real Time mode 1 Open the source files counter c and timer c double click on the file names in the Project window or use File gt Open 2 Select Debugger gt Run or click the Run toolbar button Observe the LEDs They will be counting up in binary 4 Select Debugger gt Halt or click the Halt toolbar button to stop the program exe cution 5 When the emulator halts one of the open source
29. 7 kQ pull down resistors in the emulator Do not use capacitors on PGC PGD they will prevent fast transitions on data and clock lines during programming and debug communications Do not use capacitors on MCLR they will prevent fast transitions of VPP A simple pull up resistor is generally sufficient Do not use diodes on PGC PGD they will prevent bidirectional communication between the emulator and the target device For other operational issues see Chapter 11 Error Messages Chapter 10 Frequently Asked Questions FAQ Section 11 3 6 Debug Failure Actions Top Reasons Why You Can t Debug Section 13 9 Loop Back Test Board O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 23 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 2 5 TRACE CONNECTIONS When the emulator is selected as the debug tool it has several trace capabilities depending on the device selected 2 5 1 Native Trace Connections No additional connections are necessary to use Native trace The communications connection will carry the trace information using the PGD PGC EMUC EMUD pins However the selected device must have this feature If it does not one of the other trace methods may be used For more on this type of trace see Section 7 3 3 1 Native Trace 2 5 2 SPI Trace Connections High Speed Communication Only When using high speed communications streaming serial trace is an optional trace available using t
30. Circuit Emulator User s Guide 13 4 USB PORT POWER The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator is connected to the host PC via a Universal Serial Bus USB port version 2 0 compliant The USB connector is located on the back of the pod The system is capable of reloading the firmware via the USB interface System power is derived from the USB interface The emulator is classified as a high power system per the USB specification and requires 300 mA of power from the USB to function in all operational modes emulator programmer Note The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator is powered through its USB con nection The target board is powered from its own supply The emulator cannot provide power to the target board Cable Length The PC to emulator cable length for proper operation has been tested for each driver board and is shipped in the emulator kit Powered Hubs If you are going to use a USB hub make sure it is powered Also USB ports on PC keyboards do not have enough power for the emulator to operate PC Hibernate Power Down modes Disable the hibernate or other power saver modes on your PC to ensure proper USB communications with the emulator 13 5 EMULATOR POD The emulator pod DV244005 consists of a main board enclosed in the casing with a port for either of two driver boards for standard or high speed communication with a target On the emulator encloser are push buttons indicator lights LEDs and a logic
31. Circuit Emulator User s Guide 2 8 PROGRAMMING WITH THE EMULATOR Use the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator as a programmer to program an actual non ICE ICD device i e a device not on a header board Select MPLAB REAL ICE from Programmer gt Select Programmer and compile assemble your application code with the Build Configuration list box on the MPLAB IDE toolbar set to Release Also it may be set by selecting Project gt Build Configuration gt Release All debug features are turned off or removed when the emulator is used as a programmer When using the Programmer gt Program selection to program a device MPLAB IDE will disable the in circuit debug registers so the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator will program only the target application code and the Configuration bits and EEPROM data if available and selected into the target device The debug executive will not be loaded As a programmer the emulator can only toggle the MCLR line to reset and start the target A breakpoint cannot be set and register contents cannot be seen or altered The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system programs the target using ICSP Vpp PGC and PGD lines should be connected as described previously No clock is reguired while programming and all modes of the processor can be programmed including code protect Watchdog Timer enabled and table read protect The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator may be used for production programming
32. Emulator Function Summary Reconnect Attempt to re establish communications between the PC and the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator The progress of this connection is shown on the REAL ICE tab of the Output dialog Settings Open the Programmer dialog see Section 12 5 Settings Dialog Set up program and firmware options 12 2 2 Right Mouse Button Menu The following will appear on the right mouse menus in code displays such as program memory and source code files Log Selected Value Log the value of the highlighted variable in the trace window See Section 7 3 5 Setting Up Trace in MPLAB IDE Insert Line Trace Log the occurrence of the selected line in the trace window See Section 7 3 5 Setting Up Trace in MPLAB IDE Set Remove Breakpoint Set or remove a breakpoint at the currently selected line Enable Disable Breakpoint Enable or disable a breakpoint at the currently selected line Breakpoints Remove enable or disable all breakpoints Run To Cursor Run the program to the current cursor location Formerly Run to Here Set PC at Cursor Set the Program Counter PC to the cursor location 12 2 3 Toolbars Status Bar When the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator is selected as a debugger these toolbars are displayed in MPLAB IDE Basic debug toolbar Run Halt Animate Step Into Step Over Step Out Reset Simple program toolbar Read Program Erase Flash Device The selected debug
33. Module PIM containing a device that supports trace and a trace port PIC32MX Trace Interface Kit containing a 12 inch trace cable and a trace adapter board To use the PIC32 Instruction Trace feature see Section 8 3 PIC32 Instruction Trace FIGURE 2 12 PIC32 TRACE CONNECTION Emulator Pod Interface Connector Device FUNCTION RESET a S Es oF iD DS51616C page 26 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Operation 2 6 DEBUGGING WITH THE EMULATOR There are two steps to using the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system as a debugger The first requires that an application be programmed into the target device The second uses the internal in circuit debug hardware of the target Flash device to run and test the application program These two steps are directly related to the MPLAB IDE operations 1 Programming the code into the target and activating special debug functions see the next section for details 2 Using the emulator to set breakpoints and run If the target device cannot be programmed correctly the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator will not be able to debug Figure 2 13 shows the basic interconnections required for programming Note that this is the same as Figure 2 8 but for the sake of clarity the VDD and VSS lines from the emulator are not shown FIGURE 2 13 PROPER CONNECTIONS FOR PROGRAMMING Programming i VDD Voltage VPP MCLR A simplified diag
34. OK FIGURE 4 19 BUILD OPTIONS DIALOG NATIVE TRACE Build Options For Project RITut mcp MPLAB ASM30 MPLAB C30 MPLAB LINK30 Directories Trace ASM30 C30 Suite v Enable Trace Disable Trace Macros Trace macros require program memory space and execution time Communications Medium Native 1 0 Port Cep Device Resources Used Native trace uses the same device resource as data capture they cannot be used at the same time A DS51616C page 54 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Tutorial 2 Highlight the variable counter from the following line of code counter increment counter Right click on the highlighted variable and select Log Selected C Value from the pop up menu This causes the following macro line to be inserted above the line containing the variable _ LOG id counter where idis a log number auto generated during build 3 Rebuild the project Project gt Build All 4 After rebuilding a Warning dialog will ask File has been modified Do you want to reload Click Yes When you examine your code you will find that the log ia has been replaced with a unique number Note To disable this warning and automatically reload select Configure gt Settings Other tab and check Automatically reload files that were modified outside of the IDE Then click OK 5 Reprogram the device Debugger gt Program 6 Double click on th
35. Office 2355 West Chandler Blvd Chandler AZ 85224 6199 Tel 480 792 7200 Fax 480 792 7277 Technical Support http support microchip com Web Address www microchip com Atlanta Duluth GA Tel 678 957 9614 Fax 678 957 1455 Boston Westborough MA Tel 774 760 0087 Fax 774 760 0088 Chicago Itasca IL Tel 630 285 0071 Fax 630 285 0075 Cleveland Independence OH Tel 216 447 0464 Fax 216 447 0643 Dallas Addison TX Tel 972 818 7423 Fax 972 818 2924 Detroit Farmington Hills MI Tel 248 538 2250 Fax 248 538 2260 Kokomo Kokomo IN Tel 765 864 8360 Fax 765 864 8387 Los Angeles Mission Viejo CA Tel 949 462 9523 Fax 949 462 9608 Santa Clara Santa Clara CA Tel 408 961 6444 Fax 408 961 6445 Toronto Mississauga Ontario Canada Tel 905 673 0699 Fax 905 673 6509 ASIA PACIFIC Asia Pacific Office Suites 3707 14 37th Floor Tower 6 The Gateway Harbour City Kowloon Hong Kong Tel 852 2401 1200 Fax 852 2401 3431 Australia Sydney Tel 61 2 9868 6733 Fax 61 2 9868 6755 China Beijing Tel 86 10 8528 2100 Fax 86 10 8528 2104 China Chengdu Tel 86 28 8665 5511 Fax 86 28 8665 7889 China Hong Kong SAR Tel 852 2401 1200 Fax 852 2401 3431 China Nanjing Tel 86 25 8473 2460 Fax 86 25 8473 2470 China Aingdao Tel 86 532 8502 7355 Fax 86 532 8502 7205 China Shanghai Tel 86 21 5407 5533 Fax 86 21 5407 5066 China Shenyang Tel 86 24 2334 2829 Fax 8
36. Processing Unit The part of a device that is responsible for fetching the correct instruction for execution decoding that instruction and then executing that instruction When necessary it works in conjunction with the arithmetic logic unit ALU to complete the execution of the instruction It controls the program memory address bus the data memory address bus and accesses to the stack Clean Under the MPLAB IDE Project menu Clean removes all intermediary project files such as object hex and debug files for the active project These files are recreated from other files when a project is built COFF Common Object File Format An object file of this format contains machine code debugging and other information Command Line Interface A means of communication between a program and its user based solely on textual input and output Compiler A program that translates a source file written in a high level language into machine code Conditional Assembly Assembly language code that is included or omitted based on the assembly time value of a specified expression Conditional Compilation The act of compiling a program fragment only if a certain constant expression specified by a preprocessor directive is true Configuration Bits Special purpose bits programmed to set PIC microcontroller modes of operation A Configuration bit may or may not be preprogrammed Control Directives Directives in assembly language
37. Read break on an X bus read of above address X Bus Read Specific Byte break on an X bus read of above address for the specific byte value in Specific Value X Bus Read Specific Word break on an X bus read of above address for the specific word value in Specific Value X Bus Write break on an X bus write of above address X Bus Write Specific Byte break on an X bus write of above address for the specific byte value in Specific Value X Bus Write Specific Word break on an X bus write of above address for the specific word value in Specific Value Pass Count Break on pass count condition Always break always break as specified in Breakpoint type Break occurs Count instructions after Event wait Count 0 255 instructions before breaking after event specified in Breakpoint type Event must occur Count times break only after event specified in Breakpoint type occurs Count 0 255 times 12 3 3 Stopwatch Dialog Click Stopwatch in the Breakpoints Dialog to display this dialog The stopwatch allows timing from one breakpoint trigger condition to the next The stopwatch value is in decimal TABLE 12 5 STOPWATCH SETUP Control Function Start Condition Click Select Start Condition to choose an available breakpoint or trigger condition to start the stopwatch Available breakpoints trig gers are those previously added to the breakpoint dialog Click None t
38. Select a breakpoint from the list of Available Breakpoints Available breakpoints triggers are those previously added to the breakpoint dialog Select a sequence for the list of Sequences Click Add To change the order of breakpoints in a sequence drag and drop the breakpoint in the Sequences list To remove a breakpoint from a sequence Select the breakpoint in the Sequences list Click Remove 12 3 6 AND Dialog Click ANDed Breakpoints in the Breakpoints Dialog to display this dialog Set up an ANDed condition for breaking i e breakpoint 1 AND breakpoint 2 must occur at the same time before a program halt This can only be accomplished if a data breakpoint and a program memory breakpoint occur at the same time To add a breakpoint to the AND condition Select a breakpoint from the list of Available Breakpoints Available breakpoints triggers are those previously added to the breakpoint dialog Click Add To remove a breakpoint from a sequence Select the breakpoint in the ANDed Breakpoints list Click Remove 12 3 7 Triggers Dialog Where is Data Capture To set up triggers select Debugger gt Triggers Click on Add External Triggers to open the Add External Trigger Dialog to set up hardware triggers When complete trigger information will appear in this dialog Each trigger may be enabled disabled individually 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 115
39. When you examine your code you will find that the log id has been replaced with a unique number Note To disable this warning and automatically reload select Configure gt Settings Other tab and check Automatically reload files that were modified outside of the IDE Then click OK 5 Reprogram the device Debugger gt Program 6 Double click on the following line to place a breakpoint there PORTA counter display on port LEDs 7 Reset and run the program until it halts at the breakpoint Repeat this three times 8 Select View gt Traceto view the trace data Section 12 3 11 Trace Window or right click and in the Trace window and select Reload You should see variable values logged in this window To see the related code in the lower portion of the window you may need to click on a logged value in the upper portion of the win dow 4 15 2 Using I O Port Trace You may choose to modify the Explorer 16 demo board or use a target board of your own design to allow for access to the desired port pins Either way a hardware connection between the target device s port and the emulator s logic probe connector is required See Section 2 5 3 I O Port Trace Connections for details If you design your own board you will also need to a connector for regular debug pins i e for either standard or high speed communications See Section 2 3 Emulator Communications with the PC and Target for connection i
40. You select the type and range of memory to program see below Memories Program Check to program Program Memory into target Configuration Check to program Configuration bits into target Note This memory is always programmed when emulator selected as a debugger EEPROM Check to erase and then program EEPROM memory on target if available Uncheck to erase EEPROM memory on target ID Check to program ID Memory into target Boot Flash If supported check to program boot memory on target O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 121 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide TABLE 12 8 MANUAL SELECTION OPTIONS CONTINUED Program Memory Range hex Start End The starting and ending hex address range in program memory for programming reading or verification If you receive a programming error due to an incorrect end address you need to perform a reconnect correct the end address and program again Note The address range does not apply to the Erase function The Erase function will erase all data on the device Program Options Erase all before Program Check to erase all memory before programming begins Unless programming new or already erased devices it is important to have this box checked If not checked the device is not erased and program code will be merged with the code already in the device Preserve EEPROM on Program Check to
41. after successful program This option is available only in debug mode After the application code is successfully programmed into the target device run the code DS51616C page 122 2009 Microchip Technology Inc 12 5 2 Emulator Function Summary Settings Dialog Configuration Tab Configure emulator operation on this tab TABLE 12 9 CONFIGURATION ITEMS Download Firmware Set up firmware download options If you have problems see Chapter 10 Frequently Asked Questions FAQ Auto Download Latest Firmware Check to allow automatic download of the latest version of firmware for the target device recommended Manual Download Manually select a firmware file to download to the target device Breakpoints Depending on your selected device you may be able to use soft ware breakpoints Review the text beneath each type of breakpoint to determine which is best for your current needs Use Hardware Breakpoints This is the default classic mode for breakpoint behavior Using hardware breakpoints means Number of breakpoints limited Breakpoints are written to debug registers Time to set breakpoints minimal Skidding yes Use Software Breakpoints Using software breakpoints means Number of breakpoints unlimited Breakpoints are written to program memory Time to set breakpoints oscillator speed dependent can take minutes Skidding no Note Using s
42. and then halts After execution all the windows are updated Note Do not step into a SLEEP instruction Step Over F8 Execute the instruction at the current program counter location At a CALL instruction Step Over executes the called subroutine and halts at the address following the CALL If the Step Over is too long or appears to hang click Halt Step Out Not available Reset F6 Issue a Reset sequence to the target processor This issues a MCLR to reset the program counter to the Reset vector Breakpoints Open the Breakpoint dialog see Section 12 3 1 Breakpoints Dialog Set multiple breakpoints in this dialog Note You may also right click or double click on a line of code to set a simple breakpoint Triggers Set up real time data capture triggers see Section 12 3 7 Triggers Dialog Program Download your code to the target device Read Read target memory Information uploaded to MPLAB IDE Erase Flash Device Erase all Flash memory Debug Read dsPIC DSCs and PIC24 MCUs only Read without terminating the debug session i e the target will not be reset in order to do the read Debug Read depends on the speed of the target oscillator so it will be very slow at 32 kHz Abort Operation Abort any programming operation e g program read etc Terminating an operation will leave the device in an unknown state DS51616C page 110 2009 Microchip Technology Inc
43. be either C or ASM This causes the following macro line to be inserted above the line containing the variable LOG id selected variable where idis a log number auto generated during build and selected variable is the highlighted variable For more information see Section 7 3 10 More on Trace Log ID Numbers To remove a trace point simply highlight and then delete the Trace Log macro 7 3 6 Running Trace 1 2 3 On the Project Manager toolbar select Debug from the Build Configuration drop down list Rebuild the project Project gt Build All After rebuilding if there are trace macros in code a Warning dialog will ask File has been modified Do you want to reload Click Yes When you examine your code you will find that all ids have been replaced with unique numbers Note To disable this warning and automatically reload select Configure gt Settings Other tab and check Automatically reload files that were modified outside of the IDE Then click OK Reprogram the device Debugger gt Program Run the program and then halt or set a breakpoint to halt Select View gt Traceto view the trace data Section 12 3 11 Trace Window or right click and in the Trace window and select Reload For each TRACE macro the line of code following the macro will appear in the trace window each time it is passed For each LOG macro the selected variable in the line of code following the ma
44. code windows will pop to the front and a green arrow will indicate where the program halted e To use Step mode 1 Select Debugger gt Step Into or click the Step Into toolbar button to execute one instruction and then halt The green arrow in the code listing will move accord ingly 2 Repeat as needed The step functions Step Over and Step Out are used with functions and discussed in the MPLAB IDE documentation 4 11 DEBUGGING CODE USING BREAKPOINTS The example code in this tutorial has already been debugged and works as expected However this code is still useful to demonstrate the debugging features of the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator The first debug feature to be discussed are breakpoints Breakpoints stop code execution at a selected line of code The number of hardware and software breakpoints available and or used is displayed in the Device Debug Resource toolbar See the MPLAB IDE documentation for more on this feature Setting Software Breakpoints 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 47 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 411 1 Choosing a Breakpoint Type For the device used in this tutorial you have the choice of using either hardware or software breakpoints To set breakpoint options select Debugger gt Settings and click on the Configuration tab Select the type of breakpoint that best suits your application needs For this tutorial we will begin using the default
45. configurations type 2 receivers are used as these are intended for control signals or where fail safe provisions are needed Even though the standard allows for any combination of drivers receivers and or transceivers of up to 32 on the line only two will be used The driver board has a port expansion which is controlled by an IC TM interface for sending receiving status information to from the emulator The high speed driver board assembly is inserted into the emulator pod via the card guide Note Data rates up to 40 MIPS are possible FIGURE 13 4 MODULAR CONNECTORS PINOUT OF HIGH SPEED DRIVER BOARD Front view of Modular Connectors on HS Driver Board Bottom view of Modular Connectors Pinout on HS Driver Board J2 Pinout Pin Name Function Pin Name Function 1 LVD LV Std Data 5 GND Ground 2 LVD LV Std Data 6 LVC LV Std Clock 3 LVC LV Std Clock 7 VpD TGT VDD on target 4 LV VDD Power 8 VPP TGT VPP on target J3 Pinout Pin Name Function Pin Name Function 1 DATAEN Std Data Enable 5 USPID Serial Data 2 DATAEN Std Data Enable 6 CLKEN Std Clock Enable 3 CLKEN Std Clock Enable 7 USPIC Serial Clock 4 USPID Serial Data 8 USPIC Serial Clock Optional see Section 2 5 2 SPI Trace Connections High Speed Communication Only NENNEN 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C p
46. data but prevents addition to or modification of the data Real Time When an in circuit emulator or debugger is released from the halt state the processor runs in Real Time mode and behaves exactly as the normal chip would behave In Real Time mode the real time trace buffer of an emulator is enabled and constantly captures all selected cycles and all break logic is enabled In an in circuit emulator or debugger the processor executes in real time until a valid breakpoint causes a halt or until the user halts the execution In the simulator real time simply means execution ofthe microcontroller instructions as fast as they can be simulated by the host CPU Real Time Watch A Watch window where the variables change in real time as the application is run See individual tool documentation to determine how to set up a real time watch Not all tools support real time watches Recursive Calls A function that calls itself either directly or indirectly O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 159 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Recursion The concept that a function or macro having been defined can call itself Great care should be taken when writing recursive macros it is easy to get caught in an infinite loop where there will be no exit from the recursion Reentrant A function that may have multiple simultaneously active instances This may happen due to either direct or indirect recursion or
47. data can travel over greater lengths of wire while maintaining a clear and consistent data stream Source http www webopedia com TERM L LVDS html Machine Code The representation of a computer program that is actually read and interpreted by the processor program in binary machine code consists of a sequence of machine instructions possibly interspersed with data The collection of all possible instructions for a particular processor is known as its instruction set Machine Language A set of instructions for a specific central processing unit designed to be usable by a processor without being translated Macro Macro instruction An instruction that represents a sequence of instructions in abbrevi ated form Macro Directives Directives that control the execution and data allocation within macro body definitions Makefile Export to a file the instructions to Make the project Use this file to Make your project outside of MPLAB IDE i e with a make Under Project gt Build Options gt Project Directories tab you must have selected Assemble Compile Link in the project directory under Build Directory Policy for this feature to work Make Project A command that rebuilds an application recompiling only those source files that have changed since the last complete compilation MCU Microcontroller Unit An abbreviation for microcontroller Also uC Memory Model C30 A representation of the memory ava
48. e Duda 73 6 3 External TOURS RE E doe ek er eR eR 74 Chapter 7 Debug for 8 and 16 Bit Devices res A la LL 0 Le Ue io PS 75 7 2 Data Capture and Runtime Watches eee een 75 K TABA P C 76 Chapter 8 Debug for 32 Bit Devices dl INTO aste Abe a odd A o o o 83 8 2 Data Capture and Runtime Watches AE 83 8 3 FAG Ge e tee Een 84 Part 4 Troubleshooting Chapter 9 Troubleshooting First Steps A A A EEA OP d EUN DE etes 91 9 2 The 5 Questions to Answer First rain di 91 9 3 Top Reasons Why You Can t Debug m eee eee eee eee nn 91 9 4 Other Things to e EE 92 DS51616C page 4 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Table of Contents Chapter 10 Frequently Asked Questions FAQ aa le reel LA tme 93 10 2 How The Emulator Works ee eee eee eee eee nee enne 93 10 3 How Trace Works 8 and 16 Bit Devices eee een 95 eg DEE INTE 96 Chapter 11 Error Messages 111 nt od cton PEE 99 11 2 Specific Error Messages tasa en tii 99 11 3 General Corrective Actions sise 103 Part 5 Reference Chapter 12 Emulator Function Summary 12 A nde coloro Me Re ds 109 12 2 Debugging Functions deo oett ito dien a ome his sud brut tee e NUES 109 12 3 Debugging Bialogs WindoOows rennais 112 12 4 Programming Functions sc 120 SS Dialog s eoe oct O o 121 12 6 Saved Information i i tire pee Re tee meet et eus eben eund 125 Chapter 13 Hardware Specification 181 oj igeco Te io ere erc pM ETE 127 13 2 ang suci e ceca
49. here The 5 Questions to Answer First Top Reasons Why You Can t Debug Other Things to Consider 9 2 THE 5 QUESTIONS TO ANSWER FIRST 1 What device are you working with Often an upgrade to a newer version of MPLAB IDE is required to support newer devices That is yellow light untested support 2 Are you using a Microchip demo board or one of your own design Have you fol lowed the guidelines for resistors capacitors for communications connections See Chapter 2 Operation 3 Have you powered the target The emulator cannot power the target 4 Are you using a USB hub in your set up Is it powered If you continue to have problems try using the emulator without the hub plugged directly into the PC 5 Areyouusing the standard communication cable RJ 11 shipped with emulator If you have made a longer cable it can have communications errors If longer cables are required you should consider using high speed communications See Section 2 3 2 High Speed Communication 9 3 TOP REASONS WHY YOU CAN T DEBUG 1 The oscillator is not working Check your Configuration bits setting for the oscillator 2 The target board is not powered Check the power cable connection 3 Theemulator has somehow become physically disconnected from the PC and or the target board Check the communications cables connections 4 The device is code protected Check your Configuration bits setting for code pro tection 5 VYouare tryin
50. linker script to your project use the i version of the linker script e g 18F452i lkr If you need to add a linker script to your project use the standard linker script e g 18F452 1kr Program operation Programs application code into the device Depending on the selections on the Program tab of the Settings dialog this can be any combination of program memory EEPROM memory configura tion bits or ID memory In addition a small debug executive is placed in program memory and other debug resources are reserved Programs appliation code into the device Depending on the selections on the Program tab of the Settings dialog this can be any combination of program memory EEPROM memory configura tion bits or ID memory Debug features available All for device breakpoints trace etc N A SQTP N A Use the MPLAB PM3 to generate the SQTP file Then use the emulator to program the device Command line operation N A Use REALICECMD found by default in C Program FilesMMicro ChipMMPLAB IDE Programmer Utilities NRealICE DS51616C page 70 2009 Microchip Technology Inc General Setup 5 9 DEBUGGER PROGRAMMER LIMITATIONS For a complete list of emulator limitations for your device please see the on line help file in MPLAB IDE for the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 71 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circ
51. o z x Probe Connector UD ACTE B STATUS For this trace configuration seven 7 lines of data and one 1 line for clock are transmitted PORTx must be a port with 8 pins that has all 8 pins available for trace The port must not be multiplexed with the currently used PGC and PGM pins A basic configuration is shown in Table 2 2 I O Port Trace Connection Example TABLE 2 2 UO PORT TRACE CONNECTION EXAMPLE PORTx pin Logic Probe pin Content 0 EXTO Data 1 EXT1 Data 2 EXT2 Data 3 EXT3 Data 4 EXT4 Data 5 EXT5 Data 6 EXT6 Data 7 EXT70 Clock Note 1 For pin descriptions see Section 13 5 4 Logic Probe External Trigger Inter face 2 Use a 10KO pull down resistor As in Section 2 4 4 Circuits That Will Prevent the Emulator From Functioning do not use pull up resistors capacitors or diodes on port pins except as specified For more on this type of trace see Section 7 3 3 2 I O Port Trace 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 25 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 2 5 4 PIC32 Instruction Trace Connections PIC32 Instruction Trace is only available for PIC32MX MCU devices and it is the only type of trace available for these devices Also only some PIC32MX MCU devices have the trace feature Consult your device data sheet for details To use this trace you will need the following hardware PIC32MX Plug In
52. probe connector interface 13 5 1 Main Board This component has the interface processor dsPIC DSC the USB 2 0 interface capable of USB speeds of 480 Mb sec a Field Programmable Gate Array FPGA for general system control and increased communication throughput an SRAM for holding the program code image for programming into the emulation device on board Flash the external trigger logic user interface push buttons and LED indicators The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system supports two types of interfaces to the target processor They consist of the standard driver board and an optional high speed driver board These boards are inserted into the emulator pod via a card guide Durability insertion life cycle of the card guide 10 000 cycles 13 5 2 Push Buttons The push buttons have the following significance Related Push Button LED Description Reset Status Push to Reset the device Function Status Halt When running push to put the emulator in the Break or halted condition DS51616C page 128 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Hardware Specification 13 5 3 Indicator Lights LEDs The indicator lights have the following significance LED Color Description Active Blue Lit when power is first applied or when target is connected Status Green Lit when the emulator is operating normally standby Red Lit when an operation has failed Orange Lit when the
53. right click in the editor and select the macro to be inserted from the context menu To log a variable value the variable should be highlighted before selecting from the context menu FIGURE 7 1 EXAMPLE OF INSERTED LOG MACRO DAProjects32WPIC24F Code ExamplestPIC24ExplDemo c Log int main void Start from displaying of PIC24 banners _display state DISP HELLO Setup Port IOs as digital LOG 0 ADIPCFG AD1PCF Oxffff Setup SPI to communicate to EEPROM SPIMPolInit Setup EEPROM IOs EEPROMInit Setup the UART UARTZInit There are three trace methods available at this time see Section 7 3 3 Types of Trace The mediums can be found on the Project gt Build Options Project Trace tab The choices include Native Trace utilizes PGC PGD communication lines SPI Trace and I O Port Trace Not every method is available on every part i e the options are device specific The Instrumented Trace library supports C and assembly projects on PIC18F MCU devices and C projects only on 16 bit devices DS51616C page 76 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Debug for 8 and 16 Bit Devices FIGURE 7 2 BUILD OPTIONS TRACE TAB NATIVE TRACE SELECTION Build Options For Project PIC24ExplDemo mcp MPLAB 45M30 MPLAB C30 MPLAB LINK30 Directories Trace ASM30 C30 Suite Enable Trace Disable Trace Macros Trace macros require program memo
54. right click on a line of code to set up an individual breakpoint Select Debugger gt Breakpoints to open the Breakpoints dialog and set up multiple breakpoints and breakpoint conditions See Section 12 3 1 Breakpoints Dia log for more information To determine the time between the breakpoints use the stopwatch 1 Open the Breakpoints dialog Debugger gt Breakpoints 1 Click Stopwatch on the Breakpoints dialog to open the Stopwatch dialog 2 Under Start Condition click Select Start Condition and choose a breakpoint Also decide if Start condition will cause the target device to halt 3 Under Stop Condition click Select Stop Condition and choose another breakpoint Also decide if Stop condition will cause the target device to halt 4 Decide if there will be a Reset stopwatch on run 5 Click OK 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 73 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 6 3 EXTERNAL TRIGGERS Select Debugger gt Triggers to open the Triggers dialog to set up external triggers See Section 12 3 7 Triggers Dialog for more information Use external triggers to set up hardware triggers using the logic probe port All pins whether used or unused should either be pulled up or grounded Floating pins may produce false triggers To use probe pins as inputs you must provide the circuitry to drive them see Table 13 2 Logic Probe Electrical Specifications
55. teme ae tesis be n pute qe rl desti itd een 127 13 3 Declaration of Conformity EE 127 13 4 USB lee 128 193 Emul to POG ansiada 128 13 6 Standard Communication Hardware ooocccccnnncccccnononccnnnancncnnnnncnncnannncnnnnnns 130 13 7 High Speed Communication Hardware eee eee eee 132 13 8 MPLAB REAL ICE Isolator Units cipal iaa 137 13 9 Loop Back Test BO adi aaa 141 13 10 Target Board Considerations i nitet tat teet en tenetur nn 141 Appendix A Revision History lt lt lt lt ssssrrreeeeee nenene eee SSS nana a n nnn 143 GIOSSANY MP eT rr dE 145 NAO e 165 Worldwide Sales and Service s s s reeereeeensnene aaa aaa ana Kaa aaa SSS nennen 168 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 5 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide NOTES DS51616C page 6 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT MICROCHIP EMULATOR USER S GUIDE Preface NOTICE TO CUSTOMERS All documentation becomes dated and this manual is no exception Microchip tools and documentation are constantly evolving to meet customer needs so some actual dialogs and or tool descriptions may differ from those in this document Please refer to our web site www microchip com to obtain the latest documentation available Documents are identified with a DS number This number is located on the bottom of each page
56. toolbar select Debug from the drop down list When done choose Project gt Build All to build the project 5 6 SETTING CONFIGURATION BITS Although device Configuration bits may be set in code they also may be set in the MPLAB IDE Configuration window Select Configure gt Configuration Bits By clicking on the text in the Settings column these can be changed Some Configuration bits of interest are Oscillator Make sure the correct mode and other oscillator features are set to match the physical setup on the target board Watchdog Timer Enable On most devices the Watchdog Timer is enabled initially It is usually a good idea to disable this bit Comm Channel Select For some devices you will need to select the communi cations channel for the device e g PGC1 EMUC1 and PGD1 EMUD1 Make sure the pins selected here are the same ones physically connected to the device Code Protect Table Read Protect Disable these settings If the emulator cannot write to program memory or read from a table it cannot operate properly JTAG Port Enable For PIC32MX devices this port may need to be disabled to prevent conflicts when using trace and other ICE features where pin conflicts can result 5 7 SETTING THE EMULATOR AS THE DEBUGGER OR PROGRAMMER Select Debugger gt Select Tool gt MPLAB REAL ICE to choose the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator as the debug tool The Debugger menu and MPLAB IDE toolbar will change
57. using each trace type as well as the type of communication available standard and or high speed are summarized below Trace Usage Communication Type of Trace Advantage Disadvantage Std HS Native Trace No dedicated pins Device must have built in 15MIPS Greater than needed debug circuitry or less 15 MIPS l O Port Trace Fastest trace An 8 bit port must be Yest Yes method dedicated to trace SPI Trace Faster than Native SPI pins must be dedicated No Yes Trace to trace Note 1 Also requires connection from device port to emulator logic probe port 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 77 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 7 3 3 1 NATIVE TRACE Native trace can be used with either standard or high speed communications with no additional connections the information is conveyed via the PGD PGC EMUC EMUD pins This two wire interface uses the trace macro format see Section 7 3 5 Setting Up Trace in MPLAB IDE If Native trace is used then real time data capture triggers cannot be used because of hardware constraints However breakpoints are still available To use data capture triggers you must disable Native trace see Section 7 3 8 Disabling Trace 7 3 3 2 O PORT TRACE I O Port trace can be used with either standard or high speed communications Trace clock and data are provided from a device 8 pin I O port through the MPLAB REAL
58. 0331 742611 Fax 39 0331 466781 Netherlands Drunen Tel 31 416 690399 Fax 31 416 690340 Spain Madrid Tel 34 91 708 08 90 Fax 34 91 708 08 91 UK Wokingham Tel 44 118 921 5869 Fax 44 118 921 5820 03 26 09 DS51616C page 168 2009 Microchip Technology Inc
59. 1 0 EXT3 External input output bit 3 White 10 1 0 EXT2 External input output bit 2 White 11 1 0 EXT1 External input output bit 1 White 12 1 0 EXTO External input output bit 0 White 13 Gnd GND System Ground Black 14 Gnd GND System Ground Black Note 1 Do not connect VDD to the target 2 EXTO and EXT7 are temporarily used during loop back test Ensure that they are not connected together O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 129 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide The electrical specifications for logic probes are listed in Table 13 2 TABLE 13 2 LOGIC PROBE ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Logic Inputs VIH VDD x 0 7V min VIL VDD x 0 3V max Logic Outputs VDD 5V VDD 3V VDD 2 3V VDD 1 65V VOH 3 8V min VOH 2 4V min VOH 1 9V min VOH 1 2V min VOL 0 55V max VOL 0 55V max VOL 0 3V max VOL 0 45V max 13 6 STANDARD COMMUNICATION HARDWARE For standard emulator communication with a target Section 2 3 1 Standard Communication use the standard driver board To use this type of communication with a header board you may need a device specific Processor Pak which includes an 8 pin connector header board containing the desired ICE ICD device and a standard adapter board 8 pin to 6 pin connection Note Older header boards used a 6 pin RJ 11 connector instead of an 8 pin connector so these headers may be connected dire
60. 2MX360F512L 1 55 1 55 0 9 MA320002 PIC32 USB PIM PIC32MX460F512L 1 55 1 55 0 9 FIGURE 8 5 PIC32MX PIM PIN CONNECTION DIAGRAM Remove resistors to 22 ohm resistors are isolate trace pins used for impedance from target board matching TE Ji ro 22 1 2 S AR i 2 3 4 PM 97 0 t 22 5 6 From Trace Cable 96 4 5 4 2 2L 15 Trace Adapter Board Port J2 95 9 1 Port 92 D Me To PIM Ground All processor pins PIC32MX connected directly Von Max 3 6V to their respective PIM pins unless otherwise specified To PIM Ground 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 87 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide NOTES DS51616C page 88 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT MICROCHIP EMULATOR USER S GUIDE Part A Troubleshooting Chapter 9 Troubleshooting First Steps ne 91 Chapter 10 Frequently Asked Questions FAQ 93 Chapter 11 Error Messages onini aar re dni ka ate Ei ra anan a iron da 99 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 89 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide NOTES DS51616C page 90 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT MICROCHIP EMULATOR USER S GUIDE Chapter 9 Troubleshooting First Steps 9 1 INTRODUCTION If you are having problems with MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator operation start
61. 6 24 2334 2393 China Shenzhen Tel 86 755 8203 2660 Fax 86 755 8203 1760 China Wuhan Tel 86 27 5980 5300 Fax 86 27 5980 5118 China Xiamen Tel 86 592 2388138 Fax 86 592 2388130 China Xian Tel 86 29 8833 7252 Fax 86 29 8833 7256 China Zhuhai Tel 86 756 3210040 Fax 86 756 3210049 ASIA PACIFIC India Bangalore Tel 91 80 3090 4444 Fax 91 80 3090 4080 India New Delhi Tel 91 11 4160 8631 Fax 91 11 4160 8632 India Pune Tel 91 20 2566 1512 Fax 91 20 2566 1513 Japan Yokohama Tel 81 45 471 6166 Fax 81 45 471 6122 Korea Daegu Tel 82 53 744 4301 Fax 82 53 744 4302 Korea Seoul Tel 82 2 554 7200 Fax 82 2 558 5932 or 82 2 558 5934 Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Tel 60 3 6201 9857 Fax 60 3 6201 9859 Malaysia Penang Tel 60 4 227 8870 Fax 60 4 227 4068 Philippines Manila Tel 63 2 634 9065 Fax 63 2 634 9069 Singapore Tel 65 6334 8870 Fax 65 6334 8850 Taiwan Hsin Chu Tel 886 3 6578 300 Fax 886 3 6578 370 Taiwan Kaohsiung Tel 886 7 536 4818 Fax 886 7 536 4803 Taiwan Taipei Tel 886 2 2500 6610 Fax 886 2 2508 0102 Thailand Bangkok Tel 66 2 694 1351 Fax 66 2 694 1350 EUROPE Austria Wels Tel 43 7242 2244 39 Fax 43 7242 2244 393 Denmark Copenhagen Tel 45 4450 2828 Fax 45 4485 2829 France Paris Tel 33 1 69 53 63 20 Fax 33 1 69 30 90 79 Germany Munich Tel 49 89 627 144 0 Fax 49 89 627 144 44 Italy Milan Tel 39
62. 616C page 135 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide FIGURE 13 9 RECEIVER BOARD SCHEMATIC DAT amp CLK A USPID DAT USPID K USPIC POWER 0 1uF USPIC 13 7 3 LVDS Cables and Target Pinout The emulator to target cable length for proper operation has been tested for this driver receiver board combination and is shipped in the Performance Pak The recommended lengths are 3 feet with a maximum of 10 feet FIGURE 13 10 LVDS CABLE Pin 1 Pin 8 The target board should have the following 8 pin connection pinout to plug in to the receiver board FIGURE 13 11 8 PIN HEADER PINOUT AT TARGET Pin Name Function Pin Name Function 1 VPP Power 5 ICSPCLK Standard Com Clock 2 VpD TGT Power on target 6 AUX Auxiliary 3 GND Ground 7 DAT Trace Data 4 ICSPDAT Standard Com Data 8 CLK Trace Clock Optional see Section 2 5 2 SPI Trace Connections High Speed Communication Only DS51616C page 136 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Hardware Specification 13 8 MPLAB REAL ICE ISOLATOR UNIT The MPLAB REAL ICE Isolator Unit AC244005 is an useful accessory to the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system The isolator enables connectivity for AC line and high voltage applications not referenced to ground Typically the
63. 616C page 65 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide NOTES DS51616C page 66 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT MICROCHIP EMULATOR USER S GUIDE Chapter 5 General Setup 5 1 INTRODUCTION How to get started using the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator is discussed Starting the MPLAB IDE Software Creating a Project Viewing the Project Building the Project Setting Configuration Bits Setting the Emulator as the Debugger or Programmer Auick Debug Program Reference Debugger Programmer Limitations 5 2 STARTING THE MPLAB IDE SOFTWARE After installing the MPLAB IDE software Section 3 2 Installing the Software invoke it by using any of these methods Select Start gt Programs gt Microchip gt MPLAB IDE vx xx gt MPLAB IDE where vx xx is the version number Double click the MPLAB IDE desktop icon Execute the file mp1ab exe in the core subdirectory of the MPLAB IDE installation directory For more information on using the software see MPLAB IDE User s Guide DS51519 Comprehensive guide for using MPLAB IDE MPLAB IDE Quick Start Guide DS51281 Chapters 1 and 2 of the user s guide The on line help files The most up to date information on MPLAB IDE and MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator Readme files Last minute information on each release is included in Readme for MPLAB IDE txt and Readme for MPLAB REAL ICE Emulator txt Both f
64. 616C page 80 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Debug for 8 and 16 Bit Devices EXAMPLE 7 3 dsPIC33F DEVICE RUNNING AT 10 MIPS WITH C PROJECT Native SPI UO Port Library Size in instructions 87 9 92 9 93 9 GPRs Used in bytes 18 14 0 __ TRACE id instruction cycles 80 53 32 LOG id INT instruction cycles 212 124 106 EXAMPLE 7 4 dsPIC33F DEVICE RUNNING AT 16 MIPS WITH C PROJECT Native SPI VO Port __ TRACE id instruction cycles 88 53 32 LOG id INT instruction cycles 227 138 106 EXAMPLE 7 5 dsPIC33F DEVICE RUNNING AT 34 MIPS WITH C PROJECT Native SPI VO Port __ TRACE id instruction cycles 100 53 32 LOG id INT instruction cycles 251 152 106 7 3 10 More on Trace Log ID Numbers MPLAB IDE will automatically generate the ID numbers required for a trace or log macro However to understand the method behind the numbering read further You can have 64 trace points and 128 log points These limits are determined by port trace 8 bits Bit 7 is used as a clock thus leaving 7 bits for data 128 Bit 6 is a flag which indicates a trace record instead of a log record For a trace record bit 6 is 1 the low order bits represent the trace number nnnnnn You could say 0 63 are the legal trace numbers and require the trace flag be set but it was just easier to combine the flag with the number and say the valid numbers are 64 127
65. A Analog for the Digital Age Application Maestro CodeGuard dsPICDEM dsPICDEM net dsPICworks dsSPEAK ECAN ECONOMONITOR FanSense HI TIDE In Circuit Serial Programming ICSP Mindi MiWi MPASM MPLAB Certified logo MPLIB MPLINK mTouch Octopus Omniscient Code Generation PICC PICC 18 PICDEM PICDEM net PICK PICtail PICS logo REAL ICE rfLAB Select Mode Total Endurance TSHARC UniWinDriver WiperLock and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U S A and other countries SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U S A All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies 2009 Microchip Technology Incorporated Printed in the U S A All Rights Reserved gt Printed on recycled paper Microchip received ISO TS 16949 2002 certification for its worldwide headquarters design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe Arizona Gresham Oregon and design centers in California and India The Company s quality system processes and procedures are for its PIC MCUs and dsPIC DSCs KEELOQ code hopping devices Serial EEPROMs microperipherals nonvolatile memory and analog products In addition Microchip s guality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001 2000 certified DS51616C page 2 2009 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT MICROCHIP EMULATOR USER S GUIDE
66. AX A RiTut mep Y Source Files E counter c S timer c Header Files A Object Files A Library Files E Linker Script E Other Files O Files Symbols DS51616C page 42 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Tutorial Additional files can be added to the project using the project window Right click on any line in the project window tree to pop up a menu with additional options for adding and removing files Note Although the header file p24FJ128GA010 h and a linker script file are used in the project you do not need to add them to the project MPLAB IDE will find them for you 4 6 CREATING A HEX FILE To create a hex file for debugging On the Project toolbar select Debug from the Build Configuration drop down list Select Project gt Build All or right click on the project name in the project window and select Build All from the popup menu The project will build Figure 4 6 and the resulting hex file will have the same name as the project Figure 4 7 The hex file is the code that will be programmed into the target device Note Depending on the build options selected your Output window may look dif ferent from Figure 4 6 Project gt Build Options gt Project MPLAB C30 and MPLAB LINK30 tabs FIGURE 4 6 OUTPUT WINDOW Output BAX Build Version Control Find in Files REAL ICE Debug build of pr
67. DS51194 Header board layout will be different for standard or high speed communications For connection information see Section 2 3 1 Standard Communication or Section 2 3 2 High Speed Communication 3 5 3 Powering the Target If you have not already done so connect the emulator pod to the target using the appropriate cables for the driver board selected see Section 3 4 Selecting Target Communications Then power the target Note The emulator cannot power the target 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 35 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 3 6 CONNECTING THE LOGIC PROBES The logic probes may be connected into the logic probe connector on the emulator pod These probes will allow halting the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator by external triggers and will provide output triggers to synchronize external equipment such as oscilloscopes and logic analyzers See Section 6 3 External Triggers for setup information This connector can also be used for trace See Section 2 5 3 I O Port Trace Connections Section 2 5 4 PIC32 Instruction Trace Connections 3 7 SETTING UP MPLAB IDE Once the hardware is connected and powered MPLAB IDE may be set up for use with the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator On some devices you must select the communications channel in the Configuration bits e g PGC1 EMUC1 and PGD1 EMUD1 Make sure the pins selected here are the same o
68. Gx2 _CONFIG2 FCKSM CSDCMD amp OSCIOFNC ON s POSCMOD HS FNOSC PRI Set up user defined variables define INIT_COUNT 0 unsigned int counter int main void Set up PortA IOs as digital output ADIPCFG Oxffff TRISA 0x0000 Set up Timerl TimerInit Initialize variables counter INIT COUNT while 1 Wait for Timerl overflow if TimerIlsOverflowEvent counter increment counter PORTA counter display on port LEDs End of if End of while loop End of main timer c KKK kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk k kok kk kk k Ck k kc k k I I kk kk MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator Tutorial Timer program KKK KKK KKK A A KKK Sk ck Ck KKK KKK A KA KK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KK KKK KK KKK KK Demo Board Explorer 16 Processor PIC24FJ128GA010 Compiler PLAB C30 Linker PLAB LINK30 Company icrochip Technology Incorporated EE 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 39 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide NA include p24FJ128GA010 h declare functions extern void TimerInit void extern unsigned char TimerIsOverflowEvent void RK kk kk kk k k k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk kk k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk k k k k k k k KKK Function TimerInit PreCondition None Input None
69. HIP EMULATOR USER S GUIDE Chapter 8 Debug for 32 Bit Devices 8 1 INTRODUCTION The following debug functions are specific to 32 bit devices Data Capture and Runtime Watches e PIC32 Instruction Trace 8 2 DATA CAPTURE AND RUNTIME WATCHES At this time MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator does not support data capture for 32 bit devices Runtime watches however are supported through DMA Reads and Writes A runtime watch provides updating of a variable in the following windows during program execution instead of on halt Watch View menu File Register View menu To set up runtime watches 1 Select View gt Watch to open the Watch window to set up runtime watches for specific data addresses See Section 12 3 9 Watch Window Data Cap ture Runtime Watch for more information 2 Select Debugger gt Settings and click the Clock tab The emulator needs to know the instruction cycle speed See Section 12 5 6 Settings Dialog Clock Tab for more information Enter your information here 3 Rebuild the project Project gt Build All and reprogram the target device Debugger gt Program 4 Run the program Watch variable values change in an MPLAB IDE window 5 Open the Settings dialog again and click on the Runtime Watch tab Slide the slider to see the values change faster or slower Note The Runtime Watch can stall the processor if another access is occurring to memory at the same time O 2009 Mi
70. ICE in circuit emulator logic probe connector The I O port must have all 8 pins available for trace The port must not be multiplexed with the currently used PGC and PGM pins Therefore review the data sheet of the selected device to determine the uninitialized default port pin states and change them as necessary For hardware connections see Section 2 5 3 I O Port Trace Connections The port interface uses the trace macro format see Section 7 3 5 Setting Up Trace in MPLAB IDE 7 3 3 3 SPI TRACE SPI trace can be used only with high speed communications Trace clock and data are provided through pins 7 DAT and 8 CLK of the high speed connection For hardware connections see Section 2 5 2 SPI Trace Connections High Speed Communication Only The SPI interface uses the trace macro format see Section 7 3 5 Setting Up Trace in MPLAB IDE 7 3 4 Setting Up the Project for Trace Refer to Chapter 5 General Setup for a discussion of how to set up MPLAB IDE and an MPLAB IDE project to use the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator To enable trace Select Project gt Build Options gt Project Trace tab See Section 12 3 12 Build Options Dialog Trace Tab Device Dependent If it is not already selected click to check Enable Trace For full trace capability Disable Trace Macros should be unchecked Select the type of trace you want Section 7 3 3 Types of Trace Cli
71. INSTALLING THE USB DEVICE DRIVERS Installing MPLAB IDE will preinstall the USB device drivers for the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator Therefore once you have installed MPLAB IDE connect the emulator to the PC with a USB cable and follow the Windows New Hardware Wizard to automatically install the drivers Expanded USB device driver installation instructions may found at MPLAB IDE installation directoryNREAL ICE Drivers ddri htm Note If you change USB ports hubs you do not need to reinstall the drivers since the emulator is serialized 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 33 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 3 4 SELECTING TARGET COMMUNICATIONS A driver board is inserted into the pod to select the type of communication with the target either standard for header boards and many demo boards or high speed for target boards over six inches away from the emulator See Section 2 3 Emulator Communications with the PC and Target for more details O Neither the emulator nor target should be powered when inserting or removing a driver board or damage to the driver board could result If you DID NOT have a driver board installed in the emulator when you installed the drivers unplug the USB Power cable now Then proceed with the installation instructions below If you DID have a driver board installed in the emulator when you installed the drivers
72. Inc Hardware Specification FIGURE 13 2 MODULAR CONNECTOR PINOUT OF STANDARD DRIVER BOARD 1 6 Ms Modular Microcontroller Connector Pin Pin Front view of Modular Connector on Std Driver Board 1 Not Used 2 RB6 3 RB7 4 Ground 5 VDD Target 6 VPP Bottom view of Modular Connector Pinout on Std Driver Board 13 6 2 Modular Cable and Connector For standard communications a modular cable connects the emulator and the target application The specifications for this cable and its connectors are listed below 13 6 2 1 MODULAR CABLE SPECIFICATION Manufacturer Part Number Microchip Technology 07 00024 6 00 d Pin 1 Pin 6 13 6 2 2 MODULAR PLUG SPECIFICATION Manufacturer Part Number AMP Incorporated 5 554710 3 Distributor Part Number Digikey A9117ND 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 131 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 13 6 2 3 MODULAR CONNECTOR SPECIFICATION Manufacturer Part Number AMP Incorporated 555165 1 Distributor Part Number Digikey A9031ND The following table shows how the modular connector pins on an application correspond to the microcontroller pins This configuration provides full ICD functionality FIGURE 13 3 MODULAR CONNECTOR PINOUT OF TARGET BOARD 1 6 M Modular Microcontroller gt Connector Pin Pin Front vie
73. Inc DS51616C page 97 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide NOTES DS51616C page 98 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT MICROCHIP EMULATOR USER S GUIDE Chapter 11 Error Messages 11 1 INTRODUCTION The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator produces many different error messages some are specific and others can be resolved with general corrective actions Specific Error Messages General Corrective Actions 11 2 SPECIFIC ERROR MESSAGES MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator error messages are listed below in numeric order Note Numbers may not yet appear in displayed messages Use the Search tab on the Help viewer to find your message and highlight it below Text in error messages listed below of the form x a variable will display as text relevant to your particular situation in the actual error message RIErr0001 Failed while writing to program memory RIErr0002 Failed while writing to EEPROM RIErr0003 Failed while writing to configuration memory See Section 11 3 1 Read Write Error Actions RIErr0005 REAL ICE is currently busy and cannot be unloaded at this time If you receive this error when attempting to deselect the emulator as a debugger or programmer 1 Wait give the emulator time to finish any application tasks Then try to deselect the emulator again 2 Select Halt to stop any running applications Then try to deselect the emulator again 3 Un
74. Internal Error Actions Internal errors are unexpected and should not happen They are primarily used for internal Microchip development The most likely cause is a corrupted installation Section 11 3 4 Corrupted Installa tion Actions Another likely cause is exhausted system resources 1 Try rebooting your system to free up memory 2 Make sure you have a reasonable amount of free space on your hard drive and that it is not overly fragmented If the problem persists contact Microchip A A AA gs O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 105 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide NOTES DS51616C page 106 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT MICROCHIP EMULATOR USER S GUIDE Part 5 Reference Chapter 12 Emulator Function Summary sn 109 Chapter 13 Hardware Specifications 127 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 107 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide NOTES DS51616C page 108 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT MICROCHIP EMULATOR USER S GUIDE Chapter 12 Emulator Function Summary 12 1 INTRODUCTION A summary of the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator functions on menus in windows and on dialogs is listed here Debugging Functions Debugging Dialogs Windows Programming Functions Settings Dialog Saved Information 12 2 DEBUGGING FUNCTIONS When you select the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit
75. MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 12 3 8 Add External Trigger Dialog Click Add External Triggers in the Triggers Dialog to display this dialog Use this dialog to set up external triggering via the logic probe port Depending on the processor speed the amount of skid after the trigger can be significant Select a pin to use as the trigger from the pull down menu Once selected the corresponding pin is highlighted on a figure of the logic probe port as viewed from the front of the emulator Next select the type of trigger TABLE 12 6 TRIGGER SETUP Trigger Type Trigger Action Input Positive or negative edge triggered Halt or Reset on trigger Output High to low or Low to high pulse Assert on Halt or Run 12 3 9 Watch Window Data Capture Runtime Watch The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator tool adds an Update column to the Watch window for use in setting up data capture and or a runtime watch for a data address Figure 12 1 For information on the Watch window in general see MPLAB IDE help FIGURE 12 1 WATCH WINDOW WITH UPDATE Add GER TICON m Add Symbal e Data Capture md 0104 T1CON oxco10 Runtime Watch Watch 1 Watch 2 Watch 3 watch 4 Click on a diamond in the Update column to alternately set remove data capture or a runtime watch 12 3 9 1 MENU OPTIONS Right click in the Update column to see data capture and r
76. MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 4 11 5 Setting Software Breakpoints To change the breakpoint type from hardware to software Select Debugger gt Settings and click on the Configuration tab Click the radio button next to Use Software Breakpoints Click OK You will now use software breakpoints instead of the hardware breakpoints used previously Note Using software breakpoints for debug impacts device endurance There fore it is recommended that devices used in this manner not be used as production parts 1 Toseta single software breakpoint follow the instructions in Section 4 11 2 Setting a Single Hardware Breakpoint When you set a software breakpoint you will see the following in the Output window Programming software breakpoint s Software breakpoint s set If you have already set a hardware breakpoint in this tutorial the variables will already be added to the Watch window for use with the software breakpoint 2 To set multiple software breakpoints follow the instructions in Section 4 11 3 Setting Multiple Hardware Breakpoints There is no breakpoint skidding with software breakpoints i e the program halts on the breakpoint This may affect how you see values change in the Watch window There is no maximum number of breakpoints with software breakpoints i e although this tutorial only uses two the number of software breakpoints is unlimited 3 The stopwatch is
77. MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Specification thomas 10 Hex File 43 Hibernate mode 96 97 128 High Voltage Isolation eee 137 High Speed Communication 20 Gornnectlorisz i i ead Ee 22 Driver Board uinea cbe ern 133 Receiver Board 134 Hubs USB itinere ceda rin id 128 VO Port Trade iii haut da d 25 78 IGSPE o ciues EE 27 28 30 Indicator Lights 129 Instruction Trace 26 84 Internet Address Microchip 11 Isolator Unit iren teet 16 137 J ITA acre A A ME PURE s rn niu 69 K Kit Componetits 2 eei ret oe rie 16 L LEDS EIER heec 37 129 Light ee uiii Ree dria 38 Loading Program and Debug Code 46 Logic Probe Connector ssssssssseesereeernsenneeee 36 129 External Triggers eese 74 I O Electrical Specifications 130 VO Port Trace a tetti 25 dl EE 129 Logic Probes nene eerte 16 36 Loop Back Test Board sssssssssneeseesnreeeseenn 16 141 EVER eh 133 134 M MAS20001 Lecce nt edem 87 MA3S20002 0 an E 87 Modular Interface Cable nnsnnnnneennnnennenennneennnennnne 27 MPLAB 30 ini 41 MPEAB IDE 3 eet coc eene 33 MPLAB REAL ICE Defined eene 15 MPLAB REAL ICE Detected neiseneseneseeeserrrnrene 120 N Native Trace ine er tn cen eie 24 54 78 o Ee UE TEE 69 Output Window REAL ICE tab no
78. O Port trace Therefore it must either be modified or a different board must be used that allows access to the required device SPI and Port pins The PIC24FJ128GA010 device and code from the beginning of this tutorial will be used in this section Although this device has built in Native trace capability you may wish to use the other types of trace for speed or pin resource reasons For devices that do not have Native trace capability SPI and I O Port trace are the only forms of trace available The procedures shown here can be modified to use with other Microchip devices supported by the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator Using SPI Trace Using I O Port Trace 4 15 1 Using SPI Trace The Explorer 16 board does have a place for connecting with the PICkit 2 This connection can be populated to provide connection to six of the eight high speed communication pins The remaining two pins to the SPI pins SCK and SDO will have to be hard wired from two additional connector pins to the appropriate SPI pins on the device See Section 2 4 2 High Speed Communication Connection for details Note The Explorer 16 silkscreen label for pin 1 of the PICkit 2 connector is incorrect This is actually the location of pin 6 You may also choose to use a target board of your own design that allows for access to the necessary debug and SPI pins Either way a hardware connection between the target board and the emulator s high speed connec
79. PIC DSCs formerly MPLAB LINK30 used with MPLAB Assembler for PIC24 MCUs and dsPIC DSCs formerly MPLAB ASM30 C Program Files Microchip MPLAB ASM30 Suite Support gld MPLAB C Compiler for PIC24 MCUs and dsPIC DSCs formerly MPLAB C30 C Program Files Microchip MPLAB C30 support gld C pic30_tools support gld MPLAB Object Linker for PIC32MX MCUs formerly MPLAB LINK32 used with MPLAB Assembler for PIC32MX MCUs formerly MPLAB ASM32 C Program Files Microchip MPLAB ASM32 Suite Support ld MPLAB C Compiler for PIC32MX MCUs formerly MPLAB C32 C Program Files Microchip MPLAB C32 support ld 5 4 VIEWING THE PROJECT After the Project Wizard has created a project the project and its associated files are visible in the Project window View gt Project Additional files can be added to the project using the Project window Right click on any line in the project window tree to pop up a menu with additional options for adding and removing files See MPLAB IDE documentation for more detail on using the Project window DS51616C page 68 2009 Microchip Technology Inc General Setup 5 5 BUILDING THE PROJECT After the project is created the application needs to be built This will create object hex code for the application that can be programmed into the target by the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator To set build options select Project gt Build Options gt Project Note On the Project Manager
80. PIC32MX TRACE INTERFACE KIT AC244006 The PIC32MX Trace Interface Kit consists of an adapter board and trace cable Kit component dimensions and a pin connection diagram for the adapter board are shown below TABLE 8 1 KIT COMPONENT DIMENSIONS IN INCHES Component Length Width Height Adapter Board 0 900 0 800 0 6 Cable 12 0 0 5 0 0625 DS51616C page 86 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Debug for 32 Bit Devices FIGURE 8 4 ADAPTER BOARD PIN CONNECTION DIAGRAM From Emulator Logic Probe Port Ji Sig nal Map To Trace Cable PIM Trace Port J1 Reserved Reserved 13 14 J2 TCLK Reserved Ji J2 R 11 12 TRCLK 1 2 eserved 9 10 Reserved TCLK TRCLK TRDO 3 4 Reserved 7 8 Reserved 5 6 TRIG3 el g TRIG4 TAGI J PRD ag 7 8 TRIG1 TRIG2 TRD1 G 3 4 TRIG2 TRD3 9 10 1 2 TRIG3 TRD2 1e TRIG4 TRD3 GND Blue TRCLK Yellow TRDAT Green 8 3 3 2 PIC32MX PIM The PIC32MX PIM contains a PIC32MX device that supports PIC32 Instruction Trace and a trace port connector Current PIMs and their dimensions are shown in Table 8 2 see the Microchip website for up to date information A pin connection diagram is shown in Figure 8 5 TABLE 8 2 PIM DIMENSIONS IN INCHES PIM PIM Name Device Length Width Height MA320001 PIC32 PIM PIC3
81. Part 1 Overview Chapter 1 About the Emulator 1 nicer ando oa nuu nara n nx rk kann ainia aan 15 Chapter 2 OperatiO etant Oc au E dv c o dad euin da Ra 17 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 13 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide NOTES DS51616C page 14 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT MICROCHIP EMULATOR USER S GUIDE Chapter 1 About the Emulator INTRODUCTION The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system is described Emulator Defined How the Emulator Helps You Emulator Kit Components Device and Feature Support EMULATOR DEFINED The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator is an in circuit emulator that is controlled by a PC running MPLAB IDE software on a Windows9 platform The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator is an integral part of the development engineer s toolsuite The application usage can vary from software development to hardware integration to manufacturing test to field service The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator is a modern emulator system that supports hardware and software development for selected Microchip PIC microcontrollers MCUs and dsPIC Digital Signal Controllers DSCs that are based on In Circuit Serial Programming ICSP programming capability and Standard DUT Programming STDP 2 wire serial interfaces The emulator system will execute code in an actual device because these Microchip devices have built
82. Port I O Trace ensure that the chosen port is able to output 0x00 and OxFF As a test set the port TRIS to 0 all outputs and set the LAT to a value in the watch window The value written to LAT should appear on the port pins My PC went into power down hibernate mode and now my emulator won t work What happened When using the emulator for prolonged periods of time and especially as a debugger be sure to disable the Hibernate mode in the Power Options Dialog window of your PC s operating system Go to the Hibernate tab and clear or uncheck the Enable hibernation check box This will ensure that all communication is maintained across all the USB subsystem components set my peripheral to NOT freeze on halt but it is suddenly freezing What s going on For dsPIC30F 33F and PIC24F H devices a reserved bit in the peripheral control register usually either bit 14 or 5 is used as a Freeze bit by the debugger If you have performed a write to the entire register you may have overwritten this bit The bit is user accessible in Debug mode To avoid this problem write only to the bits you wish to change for your application BTS BTC instead of to the entire register MOV When using a 16 bit device unexpected reset occurred How do determine what caused it Some things to consider To determine a reset source check the RCON register Handle traps interrupts in an interrupt service routine ISR You should include trap c style cod
83. RIEtFT0006 ER idad 99 RIErr0007 ss 99 RIEITOOQOB erre there EE 99 m es 121910 PERTENECER 99 RIE ROOT Osco nece ec LER 99 RIErrO011 eee eee eee eee eee ee neon eee ooo nn 99 RIE ROO 4 2 5 ettet ena 100 RIERRUOOTIK ee dee N ee 100 RIENDO A veus ee remettre 100 RIErr0015 tee t eb 100 RIENDO Guionista rr dee 100 RIEFOO aa la 100 RIE ROOT 8 ono eren ette 100 RIErITOOT19 ctt E tt ee ne 100 RIErrOO20 inccr Ole 100 PIER genee ebe 100 RIErr0022 een 100 RIEITOO23 kl me ete AE Ee 100 RIEI0024 5 5 ns me nee ek one de 100 PIER ge use Anda ok oky tete 100 RIEIT0026 ERE a ad too BAS 100 2009 Microchip Technology Inc A en en ore ncaa 100 A de RE 100 RIEITOO29 eege Peas o n EE 100 RIERTO030 7 nei ue 101 RIENDO Sd cmo sima ce a eI MEUSE 101 RIETODOS2 ee edet dosi 101 RIEMO033 oe e do eee 101 RIErTQO34 cin 101 RIErtOO35 nihit aee nce t ea 101 RIEITOO36 5 nani nee t Re esee 101 RIENDO Zi ccoo ie e eet 101 RBIErTOOS38 ice dtt Re oar 101 RIErtOO039 iesu eoe ee E o ooo tite 101 ESO c 73343 td eer Eeer 101 RIENDO E E 101 RIErf0045 ae nn IUe 101 RIErr0046 102 RIEITOOA7 co See iie en etos 102 RIErTOO4S 1 i cie ee oet 102 RIErTOO49 3 eme eec rre tete 102 RIErr0050 ee Re Reis 102 RIErtOObT d eoo d e e d 102 RIEITOO52 coco egg 102 BIEDEN 102 RIENDO Accion k Eege OPE 102 RIELOODO 2 assiste asta dde
84. Represents code supplied by user void main void WARRANTY REGISTRATION Please complete the enclosed Warranty Registration Card and mail it promptly Sending in your Warranty Registration Card entitles you to receive new product updates Interim software releases are available at the Microchip web site 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 9 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide RECOMMENDED READING This document describes how to use the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator Other useful documents are listed below The following Microchip documents are available and recommended as supplemental reference resources Release Notes for MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator For the latest information on using the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator read the Readme for MPLAB REAL ICE Emulator htm file an HTML file in the Readmes subdirectory of the MPLAB IDE installation directory The release notes Readme contains update information and known issues that may not be included in this user s guide Using the MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator DS51749 This poster shows you how to hook up the hardware and install the software for the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator MPLAB REAL ICE Isolation Unit Setup DS51858 This poster shows you how to hook up the opto isolation unit hardware for high power applications MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator On line Help File A comprehensive
85. Tab 2 The Debugger menu will show available emulator debug options 3 A Debug toolbar will appear Mouseover a button to see a pop up of its function 4 3 CREATING THE APPLICATION CODE For this tutorial two C programs will be used The code for each is shown below 1 Using Windows Explorer create a project folder 2 Open an editor window by selecting File gt New Enter the code for the first program counter c in this window and save to the project folder 3 Open another editor window by selecting File gt New Enter the code for the second program timer c in this window and save to the project folder DS51616C page 38 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Tutorial counter c RK KK kk kk kk kk kk A kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk k kc kk kk ck k kkk kkk kkk MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator Tutorial Counting program kk ck ck ck ck kk ck kk Ck KA K KA KAZ A KA KZ A KA ck KA Ck KA K KA KA K KA kk ck KA ck KA KX A kk AA ko kk kk Sk kk Sk kc KKK ko ko KKK KK Demo Board Explorer 16 Processor PIC24FJ128GA010 Compiler PLAB C30 Linker PLAB LINK30 Company icrochip Technology Incorporated Kk k k k k k k k kk k kk k A k k k kk k k k k K K KA k k k k k k k k k include p24FJ128GA010 h Set up configuration bits CONFIG1 JTAGEN OFF GCP OFF GWRP OFF COE OFF FWDTEN OFF ICS P
86. Technology Inc DS51616C page 61 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide After rebuilding a Warning dialog will ask File has been modified Do you want to reload Click Yes When you examine your code you will find that the log id has been replaced with a unique number Note To disable this warning and automatically reload select Configure gt Settings Other tab and check Automatically reload files that were modified outside of the IDE Then click OK Reprogram the device Debugger gt Program Double click on the following line to place a breakpoint there PORTA counter display on port LEDs Reset and run the program until it halts at the breakpoint Repeat this three times Select View gt Trace to view the trace data Section 12 3 11 Trace Window or right click and in the Trace window and select Reload You should see variable values logged in this window To see the related code in the lower portion of the window you may need to click on a logged value in the upper portion of the win dow DS51616C page 62 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Tutorial 4 16 OTHER TRACE METHODS PIC32 INSTRUCTION TRACE PIC32 Instruction Trace is only available for PIC32MX MCU devices and it is the only type of trace available for these devices Also only some PIC32MX MCU devices have the trace feature Consult the device data sheet for details For example code and additional sup
87. WDT See Watchdog Timer Workbook For MPLAB SIM stimulator a setup for generation of SCL stimulus WorkSpace A workspace contains MPLAB IDE information on the selected device selected debug tool and or programmer open windows and their location and other IDE configuration settings DS51616C page 164 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT MICROCHIP EMULATOR USER S GUIDE Index Numerics D 16 Bit Data Memory Devices Trace 76 B gp 22 24 32 Bit Devices Trace 84 Data Capture 75 83 110 116 8 Bit Data Memory Devices Trace 76 Data Bale ooi o enne 130 133 A Debug EXI aus eau eaa 29 Abort Operation 110 o TENUE 30 AC Line Isolation 137 Sequence of Operations 28 AC244002 tpe e eee at tait 132 Top Reasons Why You Can t 91 AC244005 accede nee ra 137 Debug A nr 110 AC244006 wasssssssssssnssssusssssssssssssusnsssenessenensesesesssnesssses 86 Debug Program Quick Reference FAEERE SE 7O ul EE 109 Debugger Men 47 AVOO AN SS nee oe ep dates Mans iE need cee 23 RI A HERES 47 B Demo Board iii EAR e Des 46 Device and Feature Support sssesseeeeeseeereesrerreeeeeee 16 Blank Check UE coh LU LUE ER 120 BEIENEE 47 73 Ben Device ID 120 MEI Te E 112 DMC 75 EE 441 DMOI mS Hardware A 48 73 123 rat 9 S O nature Mette 48 73 110 Far D M MM E S Sue e da 52 73 123 PER EE tetan entn nnan ennenen ent Buil
88. a PC and to provide power to the emulator 4 Standard driver board and cable to connect the emulator pod to a header module or target board 5 Logic probes 6 Loop back test board Additional hardware that may be ordered separately 7 Processor Extension Pak High speed driver board ICE header receiver board high speed to standard converter board and cables to connect the emulator pod to a target board 8 Performance Pak High speed driver board high speed receiver board high speed to standard converter board and cables to connect the emulator pod to a target board 9 Transition socket 10 MPLAB REAL ICE Isolator unit 1 5 DEVICE AND FEATURE SUPPORT For a complete list of device and feature support please see the on line help file in MPLAB IDE for the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator DS51616C page 16 2009 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT MICROCHIP EMULATOR USER S GUIDE Chapter 2 Operation 2 1 INTRODUCTION A simplified description of how the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system works is provided here It is intended to provide enough information so a target board can be designed that is compatible with the emulator for both emulation and programming operations The basic theory of in circuit emulation and programming is described so that problems if encountered are guickly resolved Tool Comparisons Emulator Communications with the PC and Target Target Communication Connect
89. age 133 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 13 7 2 High Speed Receiver Board A high speed receiver board assembly is also required when using LVDS connectivity This board is a counterpart to the high speed driver board assembly in the pod When the driver is active on the pod the receiver is active in the receiver board Alternatively when the driver is active on the receiver board the corresponding receiver is active in the driver board providing transmitting and receiving capability at both extremes The receiver board contains an 8 pin 0 100 inch centers header and is used to connect to the target board or a header board The receiver board circuitry may be implemented on the target system to avoid using the receiver board FIGURE 13 5 MODULAR CONNECTORS PINOUT OF HIGH SPEED RECEIVER BOARD Front view of Modular Connectors on HS Receiver Board Bottom view of Modular Connectors Pinout on HS Receiver Board J3 Pinout Pin Name Function Pin Name Function 1 DATAEN Std Data Enable 5 USPID Serial Data 2 DATAEN Std Data Enable 6 CLKEN Std Clock Enable 3 CLKEN Std Clock Enable 7 USPIC Serial Clock 4 USPID Serial Data 8 USPIC Serial Clock Optional see Section 2 5 2 SPI Trace Connections High Speed Communication Only J2 Pinout Pin Nam
90. al Symbol Resolution A process performed by the linker in which external symbol definitions from all input modules are collected in an attempt to resolve all external symbol references Any external symbol references which do not have a corresponding definition cause a linker error to be reported External Input Line An external input signal logic probe line TRIGIN for setting an event based upon external signals External RAM Off chip Read Write memory Fatal Error An error that will halt compilation immediately No further messages will be produced File Registers On chip data memory including General Purpose Registers GPRs and Special Function Registers SFRs Filter Determine by selection what data is included excluded in a trace display or data file Flash A type of EEPROM where data is written or erased in blocks instead of bytes FNOP Forced No Operation A forced NOP cycle is the second cycle of a two cycle instruc tion Since the PIC microcontroller architecture is pipelined it prefetches the next instruction in the physical address space while it is executing the current instruction However if the current instruction changes the program counter this prefetched instruction is explicitly ignored causing a forced NOP cycle DS51616C page 150 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Glossary Frame Pointer A pointer that references the location on the stack that separates the stack based arguments from th
91. and ordering guides latest Microchip press releases listing of seminars and events listings of Microchip sales offices distributors and factory representatives DEVELOPMENT SYSTEMS CUSTOMER CHANGE NOTIFICATION SERVICE Microchip s customer notification service helps keep customers current on Microchip products Subscribers will receive e mail notification whenever there are changes updates revisions or errata related to a specified product family or development tool of interest To register access the Microchip web site at www microchip com click on Customer Change Notification and follow the registration instructions The Development Systems product group categories are Compilers The latest information on Microchip C compilers assemblers linkers and other language tools These include all MPLAB C compilers all MPLAB assemblers including MPASMTM assembler all MPLAB linkers including MPLINK object linker and all MPLAB librarians including MPLIB object librarian Emulators The latest information on Microchip in circuit emulators These include the MPLAB REAL ICETM and MPLAB ICE 2000 in circuit emulators In Circuit Debuggers The latest information on Microchip in circuit debuggers These include the MPLAB ICD 2 and 3 in circuit debuggers and PICkit 2 and 3 debug express MPLAB IDE The latest information on Microchip MPLAB IDE the Windows Integrated Development Environment for development systems to
92. arget device is not ready for debugging Please check your Configuration bit settings and program the device before proceeding You will receive this message when you have not programmed your device for the first time and try to Run If you receive this message after this or immediately after programming your device please refer to Section 11 3 6 Debug Failure Actions RIErr0041 While receiving streaming data REAL ICE has gotten out of synch with MPLAB IDE To correct this you must reset the target device Data capture or Native trace has gotten out of sync with MPLAB IDE First try to Halt Reset and then Run again If this does not work 1 Unplug and plug in the emulator 2 Reconnect to the emulator in MPLAB IDE 3 Check that the target speed is entered on the Clock tab of the Settings dialog 4 Run again RIErr0045 You must connect to a target device to use MPLAB REAL ICE No power has been found 1 Ensure VDD and GND are connected between the emulator and target 2 Ensure that the target is powered 3 Ensure that the target power is sufficient to be detected by the emulator see Chapter 13 Hardware Specification 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 101 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide RIErr0046 An error occurred while trying to read the stopwatch count The stopwatch count may not be accurate See Section 11 3 2 Emulator to Target Communication Error Actions
93. b Enter the runtime clock instruction speed on this tab This does not set the speed but informs the emulator of its value for data capture and trace TABLE 12 12 CLOCK OPTIONS Instruction Speed Speed value Enter a value for the Speed unit selected Example 1 For a PIC24 MCU and a target clock oscillator at 32 MHz HS instruction speed 32 MHz 2 16 MIPS Example 2 For a PIC18F8722 MCU and a target clock oscillator at 10 MHz HS making use of the PLL x4 40 MHz instruction speed 40 MHz 4 10 MIPS Speed unit Select either KIPS Thousands 1 03 of instructions per second MIPS Millions 109 of instructions per second 12 5 7 Settings Dialog Secure Segment Tab For CodeGuard Security devices set up secure segment properties on this tab For more details on CodeGuard Security functionality please refer to the CodeGuard Security reference manual for 16 bit devices DS70180 and dsPIC33F PIC24H and dsPIC30F device programming specifications found on our website TABLE 12 13 SECURE SEGMENT OPTIONS Full Chip Programming Click to select to program all program memory segments Segment Programming Click to select segment programming Select from Boot secure and general segments Secure and general segments General segment only 12 5 8 Settings Dialog Warnings Tab A list of all MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator warnings are displayed on this tab Ch
94. ble disable warnings If errors occurs see Part 4 Troubleshooting Section 13 9 Loop Back Test Board 5 8 QUICK DEBUG PROGRAM REFERENCE Configuration Firmware downloading control and breakpoint setup Trace Trace buffer and PIC32 instruction trace setup Freeze on Halt Select peripherals to freeze on halt Status Check emulator status Clock Enter target clock information for data capture and trace Secure Segment CodeGuard Security support The following table is a quick reference for using the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emu lator as either a debug or program tool Please see previous chapters for information on proper emulator setup and configuration TABLE 5 1 DEBUG VS PROGRAM OPERATION Item Debug Program Needed Hardware A PC and target application Microchip demo board or your own design Emulator pod USB cable communication driver board s and cable s Device with on board debug circuitry or header board with special ICE device Device with or without on board debug circuitry MPLAB IDE selection Debugger gt Select Tool REAL ICE Programmer Select Programmer gt REAL ICE Debug from the Build Configuration toolbar Release from the Build Configuration toolbar Linker script optional See MPLAB IDE documentation to determine if you need to add a linker script to your project If you need to add a
95. ble used The standard ICSP RJ 11 cable does not allows for clock speeds greater than about 15 Mb sec dsPIC33F DSCs running at full speed are greater than the 15 Mb sec limit For these high speed applications the Performance Pak high speed cable interface is required Will this slow down the running of the program There is no cycle stealing with the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator The output of data is performed by the state machine in the silicon How do connect CLK and DAT when using high speed communications These connections are optional and used for SPI trace For more information see Section 2 5 2 SPI Trace Connections High Speed Communication Only What is meant by the data rate is limited to 15 MIPS when using the standard board Is this caused by the core processor or transfer rate The standard board uses the RJ 11 cable and has a limitation on how fast data can reliably be transmitted when using trace The top end is when the processor has an operational speed of 15 MIPS The trace clock is derived from the main system clock of the device To debug a dsPIC DSC running at 30 MIPS is the high speed board necessary to do even basic debugging Basic debugging at any device frequency can be accomplished with either standard or high speed Performance Pak communications If the high speed board is necessary for a dsPIC DSC to run at 30 MIPS can this be done using the high speed to standard converter board on the tar
96. breakpoint type hardware breakpoints 4 11 2 Setting a Single Hardware Breakpoint To set a single breakpoint 1 Select Debugger gt Reset gt Processor Reset or click the Reset toolbar button to reset the example program 2 Highlight or place the cursor on the following line of code from counter c counter increment counter 3 Double click on the line or right click on the line and then select Set Breakpoint from the shortcut menu This line is now marked as a breakpoint B in red stop sign as shown in Figure 4 11 FIGURE 4 11 SET BREAKPOINT m D Projects32 RITuticounter c BAX Set up Port IOs as digital output AD1PCFG Oxffff TRISA Ox0000 Set up Timerl TimerInit Initialize variables counter INIT COUNT while 1 Wait for Timerl overflow if TimerIsOverflowEvent cohnter increment counter PORTA counter display on port LEDs End of if End of while loop End of main 4 Select Debugger gt Run or click the Run toolbar button to run the program once again in Real Time mode The program will halt at the line marked by the break point but now there will be a green arrow over the breakpoint symbol NENNEN DS51616C page 48 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Tutorial FIGURE 4 12 PROGRAM HALTED NPA D WProjects32 RITuticounter c Set up Port IOs as digital o
97. can work with MPLAB IDE MPLIB librarian is an object librar ian for use with COFF object modules created using either MPASM assembler mpasm or mpasmwin v2 0 or MPLAB C18 C compiler 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 155 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide MPLINK Object Linker MPLINK linker is an object linker for the Microchip MPASM assembler and the Micro chip C18 C compiler MPLINK linker also may be used with the Microchip MPLIB librar ian MPLINK linker is designed to be used with MPLAB IDE though it does not have to be MRU Most Recently Used Refers to files and windows available to be selected from MPLAB IDE main pull down menus Native Data Size For Native trace the size of the variable used in a Watch window must be of the same size as the selected device s data memory bytes for PIC18 devices and words for 16 bit devices Nesting Depth The maximum level to which macros can include other macros Node MPLAB IDE project component Non Extended Mode In Non Extended mode the compiler will not utilize the extended instructions nor the indexed with literal offset addressing Non Real Time Refers to the processor at a breakpoint or executing single step instructions or MPLAB IDE being run in simulator mode Non Volatile Storage A storage device whose contents are preserved when its power is off NOP No Operation An instruction that has no effect when executed exce
98. ck OK 7 3 5 Setting Up Trace in MPLAB IDE To set up MPLAB IDE to use trace for the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator first set up options on the Settings dialog Debugger gt Settings Click the Clock tab For data capture and trace the emulator needs to know the instruction cycle speed See Section 12 5 6 Settings Dialog Clock Tab for more information Click the Trace tab The trace buffer can be set to a maximum value specified on the tab The trace buffer is circular so data will wrap if the maximum is exceeded Next enter trace macros in your application code DS51616C page 78 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Debug for 8 and 16 Bit Devices To record a PC location click on or highlight a line of code and then right click to select Insert Language Line Trace from the pop up menu where Language can be either C or ASM This causes the following macro line to be inserted above the selected line __ TRACE id where id is a line trace number auto generated during the build For more information see Section 7 3 10 More on Trace Log ID Numbers Note Inserting a macro into code may modify the logic flow of the program Please be sure that braces are present where necessary The recording of a variable value is performed much in the same way First high light the variable name or expression and then right click to select Log Selected Language Value from the pop up menu where Language can
99. code that cause code to be included or omitted based on the assembly time value of a specified expression CPU See Central Processing Unit Cross Reference File A file that references a table of symbols and a list of files that references the symbol If the symbol is defined the first file listed is the location of the definition The remaining files contain references to the symbol Data Directives Data directives are those that control the assembler s allocation of program or data memory and provide a way to refer to data items symbolically that is by meaningful names 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 147 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Data Memory On Microchip MCU and DSC devices data memory RAM is comprised of General Purpose Registers GPRs and Special Function Registers SFRs Some devices also have EEPROM data memory Debugger Hardware that performs debugging Debugger System The debugger systems include the pod processor module device adapter target board cables and MPLAB IDE software Debugging Information Compiler and assembler options that when selected provide varying degrees of infor mation used to debug application code See compiler or assembler documentation for details on selecting debug options Deprecated Features Features that are still supported for legacy reasons but will eventually be phased out and no longer used Device Programmer A to
100. cro will appear in the trace window each time it is passed Note To trace multiple lines of code or variables you must place a macro before each line variable that you wish to trace Repeat these steps each time you change a trace point T 3 7 Tracing Tips When using TRACE and LOG macros in your code consider the following Focus on one area of an application and place TRACE and LOG macros so that they form a flow in the Trace window That way you can follow the execution flow and debug the application based on missing incorrect trace points or an abrupt end to the trace flow Use TRACEand __LOG macros with conditional statements in your code to aid in debugging Example When a variable reaches a certain value start logging it 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 79 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Tf var gt 5 __LOG ID var e Leave TRACE and LOG macros in your code for future debugging if this is allowable For Project gt Build Options gt Project Trace tab select Disable Trace Macros 7 3 8 Disabling Trace To temporarily turn off trace data collection 1 Select Project gt Build Options gt Project Trace tab Check Disable Trace Macros Click OK 2 Rebuild the project Project gt Build All 3 Reprogram the device Debugger gt Program To disable the full trace capability 1 Remove all trace and log macros fro
101. crochip Technology Inc DS51616C page 83 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 8 3 PIC32 INSTRUCTION TRACE This section will discuss trace for 32 bit devices and how to use it Requirements for Trace Setting Up and Using Trace Trace Hardware Specifications 8 3 1 Requirements for Trace The following is required to use trace for 32 bit PIC32MX devices MPLAB IDE v8 00 and above MPLAB ASM32 LINK32 C32 v1 00 and above PIC32MX Plug In Module PIM containing a device that supports trace and a trace port PIC32MX Trace Interface Kit containing a 12 inch trace cable and a trace adapter board 8 3 2 Setting Up and Using Trace If a PIC32MX MCU device has trace capability it will be PIC32 Instruction Trace 8 3 2 1 HARDWARE SETUP PIC32MX MCU ON PIM To use the PIC32 Instruction Trace feature with the PIM do the following 1 Plug the PIM into an unpowered target board 2 Install communication cable s between the emulator and your target board See Section 2 4 Target Communication Connections 3 Connect the trace cable from the trace port on the PIM to the trace adapter board Orient the cable as show in Figure 8 1 4 Plug the trace adapter board into the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator logic probe port The top of the adapter board contains the connectors and should be oriented upwards when plugging the board into the logic probe port Figure 8 1 5 Power the target Note When
102. ct menu You must do this for final release code Rebuild your project repro gram the device and try to run your code again didn t set a software breakpoint yet have one in my code What s going on What you are seeing is a phantom breakpoint Occasionally a breakpoint can become enabled when it shouldn t be Simply disable or delete the breakpoint clicked the Cancel button when asked to download the latest firmware but now want to download the firmware How do do this You can download it manually Select Debugger gt Settings Configuration tab and click Manual Download Select the highest number jam file and click Open accidentally disconnected my emulator while firmware was downloading What do do now Reconnect the emulator It will begin to erase what had been written so it can restart This erasing will take about 75 seconds 1 15 mins Please be patient You will see the orange busy light turn on for about 25 seconds the light turn red for about another 25 seconds the light turn orange again for about another 25 seconds When it turns back to red again MPLAB IDE will recognize the device and start the recovery process i e begin firmware download don t see my problem here Now what Try the following resources Section 2 9 Resources Used by the Emulator Section 11 2 Specific Error Messages Section 11 3 General Corrective Actions 2009 Microchip Technology
103. ctly to the emulator For more on available header boards see the Header Board Specification in Recommended Reading 13 6 1 Standard Driver Board The standard driver board is the main interface to the target processor lt contains the connections to the high voltage VPP VDD sense lines and clock and data connections required for programming and connecting with the target devices The VPP high voltage lines can produce a variable voltage that can swing from 14 to O volts to satisfy the voltage requirements for the specific emulation processor The VDD sense connection draws very little current from the target processor The actual power comes from the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulation system as the VDD sense line is used as a reference only to track the target voltage The VDD connection is isolated with an optical switch The clock and data connections are interfaces with the following characteristics Clock and data signals are in high impedance mode even when no power is applied to the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system Clock and data signals are protected from high voltages caused by faulty targets systems or improper connections Clock and data signals are protected from high current caused from electrical shorts in faulty target systems Note When using the standard driver board the rate for real time streaming data and tracing is limited to 15 MIPS DS51616C page 130 O 2009 Microchip Technology
104. d CONIQUTATION nn 28 30 82 91 DER eme es Ss EE 52 18 Hiel Speed 16 18 133 C Standard sot e ete en 16 18 130 Cables Durability Card Guide 128 K eaten te s 128 131 136 DV244005 etae ge ete ertet 128 USB hare ette cepto ee ite 18 E Capacitors ee eU tee en 23 Capture Data 75 83 116 p A Eus qs e CD ROM nce dale eee RE Re HO 16 E ll bef ENT p NE NANO EA 122 Circuits That Will Prevent the Emulator From Function rase all before Program ee ingzaisuene eed breues 23 Erase Al Beror Programming RS S a re ae QN ANE 22 24 Rs qr a 110 Explorer 16 Demo Board 37 Glock Speed eeu cett 46 External Triaders 116 129 Code Protect tutte marine 28 69 EXTn E R ae ak k 25 129 CodeGuard Security sss ACL Stee Sl ge dO Comm Charinel suites 69 F Command line Programming 30 70 Firmware Configuration Dis 28 44 69 Cancelled Download 97 Converter Board High Speed to Standard 16 Disconnected while Downloading 97 GPU Stall Ete eei 85 123 Downloading zt acte cet nue 123 Creating a Hex File En 43 Freeze On L sarao ica 96 Customer Notification Service eeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeee 11 Customer Support 12 G General Corrective Actions eee 103 H Halt eee e eden edere 109 Hardware Breakpoints 48 Header Board 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 165
105. d contains the connectors and should be oriented upwards when plugging the board into the logic probe port Figure 8 2 5 Power the target Note When using trace pins TRCLK and TRD3 0 are used Therefore you cannot use the other functions multiplexed on these pins For PIC32MX360F512L multiplexed functions are RG14 12 and RA7 6 FIGURE 8 2 TRACE CONNECTION WITH DEVICE ON TARGET Emulator Pod Communication Cable s Trace Cable FUNCTION RESET Adapter B STATUS ACTE 8 3 2 3 MPLAB IDE SETUP Once the hardware is connected you enable trace in MPLAB IDE through the Debugger gt Settings Trace tab Simply check uncheck the Enable Trace checkbox to turn trace on off Figure 8 3 If no other options are selected trace will continue to fill the trace buffer with data rolling over when the buffer is full until a program Halt To stall the target CPU when the trace buffer is full check that option on the Trace tab You can set the size of the trace buffer in the Trace Buffer Size section of the dialog A maximum size is specified in the section text O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 85 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide To start and or stop trace on triggers breaks set and enable breakpoints in your code and then select them on this tab to start and or stop trace Note Once breakpoints have been used for trace they will
106. d correctly The oscillator Configuration bits should correspond to RC XT etc depending upon the target design For some devices the Watchdog Timer is enabled by default and needs to be disabled The target device must not have code protection enabled The target device must not have table read protection enabled 2 7 1 Sequence of Operations Leading to Debugging Given that the Requirements For Debugging are met these actions can be performed when the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator is set as the current debugger Debugger gt Select Tool The application code is compiled assembled with the Build Configuration list box on the MPLAB IDE toolbar set to Debug Also it may be set by selecting Project gt Build Configuration gt Debug When Debugger gt Program is selected the application code is programmed into the device s memory via the ICSP protocol as described above A small debug executive program is loaded into the high area of program memory of the target device Since the debug executive must reside in program memory the application program must not use this reserved space Some devices have special memory areas dedicated to the debug executive Check your device data sheet for details Special in circuit debug registers in the target device are enabled by MPLAB IDE These allow the debug executive to be activated by the emulator The target device is held in Reset by keeping the VPP MCLR line
107. der from Receiver Board Processor Pak Emulator Pod LJ Nus B STATUS FUNCTION RESET Replace with isolator unit for B high voltage 2 4 TARGET COMMUNICATION CONNECTIONS There are two driver boards available to closely match most application requirements The standard driver board can be used to connect to the myriad of demo boards and applications that contain the RJ11 connector The high speed driver receiver board combination can be used for high speed applications for additional trace features for large several feet emulator to target distances and for noisy environments 2 4 1 Standard Communication Connection Using the standard driver board the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator is connected to the target device with the modular interface six conductor cable The pin numbering for the connector is shown from the bottom of the target PC board in Figure 2 6 Note Cable connections at the emulator and target are mirror images of each other i e pin 1 on one end of the cable is connected to pin 6 on the other end of the cable See Section 13 6 2 1 Modular Cable Specification FIGURE 2 6 STANDARD CONNECTION AT TARGET E 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 21 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 2 4 2 High Speed Communication Connection Using the high speed driver receiver board combination t
108. e So unlike classic emulator systems the additional purchase of a programmer is not necessary The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system surpasses in circuit debugger systems in speed and functionality e g trace 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 17 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 2 3 EMULATOR COMMUNICATIONS WITH THE PC AND TARGET The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system consists of these items Emulator pod with indicator lights push buttons and a logic probe connector USB cable to connect a PC to the emulator pod and power the pod Driver board and modular cable s to connect the emulator pod to an ICE header or target board FIGURE 2 1 BASIC EMULATOR SYSTEM Indicator Lights Push Buttons USB Power MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator ACUVE Emulator Pod me STATUS Top FUNCTION RESET MICROCHIP Logic Probe Connector Driver Board Slot Emulator Pod Side The emulator communicates with the PC and is powered through the USB cable The emulator communicates with the target through the configurations discussed in the following sections CAUTION Do not connect the hardware before installing the software and USB drivers Also do not change hardware connections when the pod or target is powered 2 3 1 Standard Communication The emulator system can be configured to use standard communication for both progra
109. e i e void __attribute__ __interrupt__ _OscillatorFail void void __attribute__ __interrupt__ _AltOscillatorFail void void __attribute__ __interrupt__ OscillatorFail void INTCON1bits OSCFAIL 0 Clear the trap flag while 1 DS51616C page 96 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Frequently Asked Questions FAQ void __attribute__ __interrupt__ _AltOscillatorFail void INTCON1bits OSCFAIL 0 while 1 Use ASSERTs have finished debugging my code Now I ve programmed my part but it won t run What s wrong Some things to consider are Have you selected the emulator as a programmer and then tried to program a header board A header board contains an ICE ICD version of the device and may not function like the actual device Only program regular devices with the emulator as a programmer Regular devices include devices that have on board ICE ICD circuitry but are not the special ICE ICD devices found on header boards Have you selected the emulator as a debugger and then tried to program a regu lar device Programming a device when the emulator is a debugger will program a debug executive into program memory and set up other device features for debug see Section 2 7 1 Sequence of Operations Leading to Debugging To program final release code select the emulator as a programmer Have you selected Release from the Build Configuration drop down list or Proj e
110. e Function Pin Name Function 1 LVD LV Std Data 5 GND Ground 2 LVD LV Std Data 6 LVC LV Std Clock 3 LVC LV Std Clock 7 VpD TGT VDD on target 4 LV VDD Power 8 VPP TGT VPP on target FIGURE 13 6 8 PIN HEADER PINOUT OF HIGH SPEED RECEIVER BOARD 1 Pin Name Function Pin Name Function 2 1 VPP Power 5 ICSPCLK Standard Com Clock 2 VpD TGT Power on target 6 AUX Auxiliary 5 m 3 GND Ground 7 DAT Trace Data 6 4 ICSPDAT Standard Com Data 8 CLK Trace Clock H 3 Optional see Section 2 5 2 SPI Trace Connections High Speed Communication Only A DS51616C page 134 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Hardware Specification FIGURE 13 7 RECEIVER BOARD SCHEMATIC ICSPDAT AHC1G04 SOT5 3V NDATA_EN 7 DATA EN 129 Duech 3 Von Ap VccB 4 y K ADATA DATA_EN Stor 35A B A GND SN65MLVD206 yl 7 7ANCIT45 SOT 6P L 3 DATAEN 100 DATA EN SN65MLVD206 FIGURE 13 8 LVC 100 RECEIVER BOARD SCHEMATIC ICSPCLK AHC1G04 SOT5 NCLK EN i z CLK EN P 1 vocca 3 VoD_TAR VccB 4 ETO K UK GLK EN oir SA BH R GND 4 7K SN65MLVD206 c 74LVC1T45 SOT 6P _ 3 l 100 SN65MLVD206 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51
111. e debug executive doesn t run while in Run mode so there is no throughput reduction when running your code i e the emulator doesn t steal any cycles from the target device However when you are doing Native trace each macro inserted takes about 200 instructions Therefore this will affect timing For more information see Section 7 3 9 Resource Usage Examples How does the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator compare with other in circuit emulators debuggers Please refer to Section 2 2 Tool Comparisons How does MPLAB IDE interface with the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator to allow more features than in circuit debuggers For some devices the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator communicates using the debug executive located in a special area of memory that does not use appli cation program memory Also the debug exec is streamlined for more efficient communication The emulator contains an FPGA large SRAM Buffers 1Mx8 and a high speed USB interface The program memory image is downloaded and is contained in the SRAM to allow faster programming The FPGA in the emulator serves as an accelerator for interfacing with the device in circuit debugger modules On traditional emulators the data must come out on the bus in order to perform a complex trigger on that data Is this also reguired on the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator For example could halt based on a flag going high Traditional emulators use a special e
112. e dos 38 4 4 Running the Project Wizard EEN 41 4 5 Viewing the Project sais 42 GEERT 43 4 7 Viewing Debug Options ti S E d ment fente aie denses 44 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 3 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 4 8 Setting Up the Demo Board ek 46 4 9 Loading Program Code For Debugging e 46 4 10 Running Debug Code cuo iue toti eue de eds 47 4 11 Debugging Code Using Breakpoints essm 47 4 12 Debugging Code Using A RunTime Watch een 53 4 13 Debugging Code Using Native Trace eee eee een n 54 4 14 Programming the Application sionista 57 4 15 Other Trace Methods SPI or I O Port Trace eee 58 4 16 Other Trace Methods PIC32 Instruction Trace een 63 Part 3 Features Chapter 5 General Setup A ee est NEU 67 5 2 Starting the MPLAB IDE Software eee eeeee eee eee eee eee nn 67 5 5 Greatihqg a PlOjeCt ais cette dee inei is 68 5 4 Viewing the PFOIOGt tod ie A 68 5 5 Building the Project tt eso Ve On ei I E OD qe tuse tee 69 5 6 Setting Configuration Bits esee to ibd ep loe zd eso atu a conte 69 5 7 Setting the Emulator as the Debugger or Programmer sssssssssseeessseessserrsee 69 5 8 Quick Debug Program Reference AAA 70 5 9 Debugger Programmer Limitations 71 Chapter 6 Basic Debug Functions 61 Introducir edad 73 6 2 Breakpoints and Stopwatch creer tent t RE re eu EE
113. e emulator operational data is displayed on the REAL ICE tab of the Output window This data includes but is not limited to Connection data when the emulator is selected as a debugger or programmer Stopwatch data Breakpoint operational data Trace operational data e Warnings and errors When the emulator is selected as a debugger Debugger gt Select Tool gt REAL ICE the following connection information is displayed on this tab IR SA O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 119 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 12 3 13 1 CONNECTION TO THE EMULATOR MPLAB IDE will first attempt to find the emulator MPLAB REAL ICE detected and then communicate with it connecting to MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator Once communication is established MPLAB IDE will read the current firmware operating system loaded into the emulator and determine if 1 there is a newer version of firm ware that needs to be loaded or 2 a different firmware needs to be loaded to support the selected device If either are true a dialog box will appear alerting you to the need to load new firmware It is recommended that you allow the load to continue The REAL ICE tab will display the process of downloading firmware checking the install and verifying the new firmware Once the download is complete MPLAB REAL ICE Connected will be displayed 12 3 13 2 CONNECTION TO THE TARGET MPLAB IDE will next attempt to connec
114. e following line to place a breakpoint there PORTA counter display on port LEDs 7 Reset and run the program until it halts at the breakpoint Repeat this three times 8 Select View gt Traceto view the trace data Section 12 3 11 Trace Window or right click and in the Trace window and select Reload You should see variable values logged in this window To see the related code in the lower portion of the window you may need to click on a logged value in the upper portion of the win dow FIGURE 4 20 VIEW TRACE WINDOW LOG VARIABLE Trace Jay Program Address 000002B4 000002B4 000002B4 C Projects RlTut counter c 36 while 1 e 37 Wait for Timerl overflow 38 if TimerlsOverflowEvent 39 LOG O counter 40 counter increment counter aq MANTIE eem ffAdawlar aw marte TUN M lt gt To trace multiple variables you must place a macro before each variable that you wish to trace 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 55 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 4 13 2 Tracing Lines of Code To trace a line of code 1 Remove the log macro line from code i e highlight it and hit lt Delete gt 2 Highlight or click on the following line of code counter increment counter Right click to select Insert C Line Trace from the pop up menu This causes the following macro line to be inserted above
115. e stack based local variables Provides a convenient base from which to access local variables and other values for the current function Free Standing An implementation that accepts any strictly conforming program that does not use complex types and in which the use of the features specified in the library clause ANSI 89 standard clause 7 is confined to the contents of the standard headers lt float h gt lt iso646 h gt lt limits h gt lt stdarg h gt lt stdbool h gt lt stddef h gt and lt stdint h gt GPR General Purpose Register The portion of device data memory RAM available for general use Halt A stop of program execution Executing Halt is the same as stopping at a breakpoint Heap An area of memory used for dynamic memory allocation where blocks of memory are allocated and freed in an arbitrary order determined at runtime Hex Code Executable instructions stored in a hexadecimal format code Hex code is contained in a hex file Hex File An ASCII file containing hexadecimal addresses and values hex code suitable for programming a device Hexadecimal The base 16 numbering system that uses the digits 0 9 plus the letters A F or a f The digits A F represent hexadecimal digits with values of decimal 10 to 15 The rightmost digit counts ones the next counts multiples of 16 then 16 256 etc High Level Language A language for writing programs that is further removed from the processor t
116. eck a warning to enable it The warning will be displayed in the Output window Uncheck a warning to disable it Warnings are not errors and will not stop your project from building If you receive error messages please see Chapter 11 Error Messages 12 5 9 Settings Dialog Runtime Watch Tab For PIC32MX devices select the update rate of watch data at runtime To set up a runtime watch see Section 8 2 Data Capture and Runtime Watches 12 6 SAVED INFORMATION The following information is stored in an initialization file REALICE INI for retrieval after emulator selection AutoSelectRange Allow MPLAB REAL ICE to select memories and ranges or Manually select memories and ranges PgmAfterRange Program after successful build yes no e RunAfterPgm Run after successful program yes no EraseB4Pgm Erase all before Program yes no AutoDownload Auto Download Latest Firmware yes no UseSWBPs Use Software Breakpoints or Use Hardware Breakpoints This file is located in the MPLAB IDE installation directory REAL ICE subdirectory 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 125 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide NOTES DS51616C page 126 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT MICROCHIP EMULATOR USER S GUIDE Chapter 13 Hardware Specification 13 1 INTRODUCTION The hardware and electrical specificat
117. ed data section Upload The Upload function transfers data from a tool such as an emulator or programmer to the host PC or from the target board to the emulator USB Universal Serial Bus An external peripheral interface standard for communication between a computer and external peripherals over a cable using bi serial transmission USB 1 0 1 1 supports data transfer rates of 12 Mbps Also referred to as high speed USB USB 2 0 supports data rates up to 480 Mbps 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 163 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Vector The memory locations that an application will jump to when either a reset or interrupt occurs Warning IDE An alert that is provided to warn you of a situation that would cause physical dam age to a device software file or equipment ALU30 C30 Warnings report conditions that may indicate a problem but do not halt processing In MPLAB C30 warning messages report the source file name and line number but include the text warning to distinguish them from error messages Watch Variable A variable that you may monitor during a debugging session in a Watch window Watch Window Watch windows contain a list of watch variables that are updated at each breakpoint Watchdog Timer A timer on a PIC microcontroller that resets the processor after a selectable length of time The WDT is enabled or disabled and set up using Configuration bits
118. ed to get the latest version of MPLAB IDE and install it Find the latest MPLAB IDE at www microchip com RIErr0053 Unable to get REAL ICE protocol versions See Section 11 3 3 Emulator to PC Communication Error Actions RIErr0054 MPLAB IDE s REAL ICE protocol definitions are out of date You must upgrade MPLAB IDE to continue Find the latest MPLAB IDE at www microchip com RIErr0055 Unable to set firmware suite version RIErr0056 Unable to get voltages from REAL ICE See Section 11 3 3 Emulator to PC Communication Error Actions RIErr0057 Loopback could not be completed Ensure that you are using the Standard driver board and not the High Speed driver board for loopback Also see Section 11 3 2 Emulator to Target Communication Error Actions RIErr0058 Loopback internal setup failure Emulator power supply failure Contact Microchip technical support RIErr0059 Loopback clock feedback failure RIErr0060 Loopback data feedback failure Trigger port pin failure Contact Microchip technical support DS51616C page 102 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Error Messages RIErr0061 Loopback VDD not detected Please ensure your RJ 11 cable is connected between the loopback board and the driver board Unplug the REAL ICE to try again Try the following 1 Connect the cable between the loopback board and the Standard driver board 2 Unplug and then plug in the emulator If this does not work try a d
119. emulator from the Debugger menu debug items will be added to the following MPLAB IDE functions Debugger Menu Right Mouse Button Menu Toolbars Status Bar 12 2 1 Debugger Menu Run F9 Execute program code until a breakpoint is encountered or until Halt is selected Execution starts at the current program counter as displayed in the status bar The current program counter location is also represented as a pointer in the Program Memory window While the program is running several other functions are disabled Animate Animate causes the debugger to actually execute single steps while running updating the values of the registers as it runs Animate runs slower than the Run function but allows you to view changing register values in the Special Function Register window or in the Watch window To Halt Animate use the menu option Debugger Halt the toolbar Halt or F5 Halt F5 Halt stop the execution of program code When you click Halt status information is updated 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 109 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Step Into F7 Single step through program code For assembly code this command executes one instruction single or multiple cycle instructions and then halts After execution of one instruction all the windows are updated For C code this command executes one line of C code which may mean the execution of one or more assembly instruction
120. emulator is busy 13 5 4 Logic Probe External Trigger Interface Probes can be connected to the 14 pin header on the side of the unit for processing external signals that are used for triggering external equipment This header contains 8 input output connections that are user selectable as inputs or outputs with logic levels that are proportional to the target operating voltage The outputs can be used for triggering an external logic analyzer or oscilloscope to allow the developer to capture events of interest based on trigger criteria set within MPLAB IDE The external trigger is a pulse of approximately 1 5 us This value is not deterministic and the external tool should be triggered on a pulse edge The inputs are part of a trigger bus FIGURE 13 1 LOGIC PROBE PINOUT ON EMULATOR 13 monnnumum 1 14 uononnumu Logic probes may be attached to this connector to give the functionality described in Table 13 1 The probes are color coded and labeled for easy identification TABLE 13 1 LOGIC PROBE PINOUT DESCRIPTION Pin 1 0 Name Function Color 1 O vob VDD reference Red 2 O NC No connection Gray 3 O NC No connection Gray 4 I TCLK External synchronous clock Gray 5 1 0 EXT7 2 External input output bit 7 White 6 1 0 EXT6 External input output bit 6 White 7 1 0 EXT5 External input output bit 5 White 8 VO EXT4 External input output bit 4 White 9
121. es cannot be used because of hardware constraints However breakpoints are still available 12 3 11 Trace Window View trace information in this window View gt Trace See Section 7 3 3 1 Native Trace for more on tracing Traced code or variable values are visible in the top half of the window Line trace line number not the line number in corresponding source code Address address of the program counter when trace log was accessed Value value of traced item if applicable For each trace item selected highlighted the corresponding code line will be shown in the bottom half of the window if Show Source has been selected 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 117 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Trace Window Menu Below are the menu items in the Trace window right click menu Close Close this window Find Opens the Find dialog In the Find What field enter a string of text you want to find or select text from the drop down list You can also select text in the edit window or place the cursor over a word you want to search for before you open the Find dialog In the Find dialog you may select any of the available options and the direction you want to search Up searches backward from the insertion point Down searches forward Find Next Find the next instance of Find text lt F3 gt repeats the last Find lt Shift gt lt F3 gt reverses the direction of
122. evices dsPIC33F PIC24F H All 32 bit devices PIC32MX 13 8 2 Isolator Unit Design The isolator is a bridge where electrically hot signals are passed through transparently to the emulator The ICSP interface signals are magnetically or optically isolated providing up to 2 5KV equivalent isolation protection The isolator is housed in its own enclosure providing an additional measure of safety This unit contains the same circuitry as the high speed receiver board see Section 13 7 2 High Speed Receiver Board plus isolation circuitry see the following schematics FIGURE 13 13 ISOLATOR UNIT SCHEMATIC ICSPDAT 3 3V HOT_VDD HOT_ICSPDAT HOT_DEN Ut 4 DATA i CO R1 s GND1 GND2 100 1 GND1 GND2 8 7 EVD ADUM3401 SO16 300 SN65MLVD206 74AHC1G04 SOT 23 5L DATA EN NDATA EN 4 U9 FIGURE 13 14 ISOLATOR UNIT SCHEMATIC ICSPCLK 3 3V HOT_VDD HOT_ICSPCLK HOT_CEN U2 CLK i 6 a R1 GND1 GND2 GND1 GND2 5 100 S i 8 r LVC ADUM3401 SO16 300 SN65MLVD206 74AHC1G04 SOT 23 5L CLK EN NCLK EN 2 4 U11 EEE 7 n E DS51616C page 138 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Hardware Specification FIGURE 13 15 ISOLATOR UNIT SCHEMATIC DAT amp CLK
123. g Programmer gt Select Programmer gt REAL ICE 3 Optional Set up the ID in Configure gt ID Memory for devices that support ID memory 4 Setup the parameters for programming on the Programmer gt Settings Program Memory tab 5 Onthe Project toolbar select Release from the Build Configuration drop down list Then select Project gt Build All 6 Select Programmer gt Program The application should now be running on its own Press the Reset MCLR button on the demo board to restart the count You can modify the program code to wait for a button press before beginning or to terminate the program Modifying the program will require you to select the emulator as a debug tool 1 Disable the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator as the programmer by select ing Programmer gt Select Programmer gt None 2 Enable the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator as the debug tool by selecting Debugger gt Select Tool gt REAL ICE 3 Edit the counter c code as desired This is left as an exercise for you 4 On the Project toolbar select Debug from the Build Configuration drop down list Then select Project gt Build All 5 Select Debugger gt Program 6 Run step and debug your program as required 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 57 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 4 15 OTHER TRACE METHODS SPI OR I O PORT TRACE The Explorer 16 board does not have the connections to perform either SPI or I
124. g the standard ICSP interface When would SPI trace be used What extra advantage does this have The SPI trace is intended to be used for devices that do not have the advanced debug engine for tracing These typically would be some PIC18F and all PIC16F MCU devices In order to use the SPI trace what is the hardware connection For serial SPI port trace the device SPI SDO serial data output and SCK serial clock are required These pins must be connected respectively to the DAT and CLK pin interface on the Performance Pak receiver board See Section 2 5 2 SPI Trace Connections High Speed Communication Only for more information For SPI trace which two pins are used SDO Serial Data Output DAT pin 7 SCK Serial Clock Output CLK pin 8 What are the correct port settings to use SPI trace i e mode sync async etc The setup is taken care of by MPLAB IDE so you will not need to be concerned about the code required for setting this Trace will support 64 trace points and 128 log points SPI Comm Protocol MODE1 clock high sampled falling edge What is the correct connection for using I O Port parallel port trace The connection varies depending on the PORT used There are port assignments in MPLAB IDE that are displayed when the PORT is selected in the property sheet See Section 2 5 3 I O Port Trace Connections for more information Can we use any port The port must be available on the de
125. g to rebuild the project while in Release mode Select Debug in the Build Configuration drop down list on the project toolbar then rebuild the project 6 The emulator is selected as a programmer and not as a debugger in MPLAB IDE 7 Emulator to PC communications has somehow been interrupted Reconnect to the emulator in MPLAB IDE 8 The target application has somehow become corrupted or contains errors Try rebuilding and reprogramming the target application Then initiate a power on reset of the target 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 91 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 9 Other configuration settings are interfering with debugging Any configuration setting that would prevent the target from executing code will also prevent the emulator from putting the code into debug mode 10 Brown out Detect voltage is greater than the operating voltage VDD This means the device is in Reset and cannot be debugged 11 The emulator cannot always perform the action requested For example the emulator cannot set a breakpoint if the target application is currently running 9 4 OTHER THINGS TO CONSIDER 1 Itis possible the error was a one time glitch Try the operation again 2 There may be a problem programming in general As a test switch to program mer mode and program the target with the simplest application possible e g a program to blink an LED If the program will not run then you know that
126. gers until unselected That is even if Enable Trace is unchecked the breakpoints will still be assigned as triggers You must use these pull down menus to unassign the triggers so that they are again breakpoints O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 123 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide For more information about trace see either Chapter 7 Debug for 8 and 16 Bit Devices Chapter 8 Debug for 32 Bit Devices 12 5 4 Settings Dialog Freeze on Halt Tab Select peripherals to freeze on halt on this tab PIC12 16 MCU Devices To freeze unfreeze all device peripherals on halt check uncheck the Freeze on Halt checkbox If this does not halt your desired peripheral be aware that some peripherals have no freeze on halt capability and cannot be controlled by the emulator There may be device specific limitations for peripherals that do support freeze Click to the Limitations button to find these PIC18 MCU Devices To freeze unfreeze all device peripherals on halt check uncheck the Freeze on Halt checkbox If this does not halt your desired peripheral be aware that some peripherals have no freeze on halt capability and cannot be controlled by the emulator dsPIC30F 33F PIC24F H and PIC32MX Devices For peripherals in the list Peripherals to Freeze on Halt check to freeze that periph eral on a halt Uncheck the peripheral to let it run while the program is halted
127. get side It is recommended that at high device operational frequencies the slower cable not be used This introduces signal integrity issues due to the lower quality of cable transmission when using the RJ 11 converter board If the high speed receiver board is used do pins 7 8 have to be connected or can they just be left open They can be left open The high speed receiver board weakly pulls them down What is the function of pin 6 the auxiliary pin There is no function on pin 6 It is a legacy connection compatible with the typical ICSP 6 pin header definition DS51616C page 94 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Frequently Asked Questions FAQ 10 3 HOW TRACE WORKS 8 AND 16 BIT DEVICES What s in the silicon that allows it to trace with the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator Tracing over the two wire ICSP interface is supported with silicon that contains the Version 2 PIC18F and dsPIC33F PIC24X in circuit debugger modules When using trace is this connection electrically isolated in any way e do the triggers have any isolation They are buffered and DC adjusted to whatever VDD level you are running The buffers tristate when off This minimal isolation makes the system fast and opens the door to adapt to new and faster technologies However you may implement more RS 232 isolation 4 6 lines if desired but this may impact your speed Can we do trace by using the 5 or 6 ICSP pins only Tracing is possible usin
128. h each other 1 Unplug and then plug in the emulator 1 Reconnect to the emulator 2 Try the operation again It is possible the error was a one time glitch 3 The version of MPLAB IDE installed may be incorrect for the version of firmware loaded on the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator Follow the steps outlined in Section 11 3 4 Corrupted Installation Actions 11 3 4 Corrupted Installation Actions The problem is most likely caused by a incomplete or corrupted installation of MPLAB IDE 1 Uninstall all versions of MPLAB IDE from the PC 2 Reinstall the desired MPLAB IDE version 3 If the problem persists contact Microchip 11 3 5 USB Port Communication Error Actions The problem is most likely caused by a faulty or non existent communications port 1 Reconnect to the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator 2 Make sure the emulator is physically connected to the PC on the appropriate USB port Make sure the appropriate USB port has been selected in the emulator Settings Make sure the USB port is not in use by another device If using a USB hub make sure it is powered 6 Make sure the USB drivers are loaded eR co 11 3 6 Debug Failure Actions The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator was unable to perform a debugging operation There are numerous reasons why this might occur See Chapter 9 Troubleshooting First Steps DS51616C page 104 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Error Messages 11 3 7
129. han assembly ICD In Circuit Debugger MPLAB ICD and PICkit with Debug Express are Microchip s in circuit debuggers ICE In Circuit Emulator MPLAB ICE 2000 and MPLAB ICE 4000 system are Microchip s classic in circuit emulators MPLAB REAL ICE system is Microchip s next generation in circuit emulator ICSP In Circuit Serial Programming A method of programming Microchip embedded devices using serial communication and a minimum number of device pins IDE Integrated Development Environment MPLAB IDE is Microchip s integrated development environment Identifier A function or variable name O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 151 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Import Bring data into the MPLAB IDE from an outside source such as from a hex file Initialized Data Data which is defined with an initial value In C int myVar 5 defines a variable which will reside in an initialized data section Instruction Set The collection of machine language instructions that a particular processor understands Instructions A sequence of bits that tells a central processing unit to perform a particular operation and can contain data to be used in the operation Internal Linkage A function or variable has internal linkage if it can not be accessed from outside the module in which it is defined International Organization fo
130. he System for a variety of software and hardware tools Several plug in tools may be found under the Tools menu 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 157 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Pod MPLAB REAL ICE system The box that contains the emulation control circuitry for the ICE device on the header or target board An ICE device can be a production device with built in ICE circuitry or a special ICE version of a production device i e device ICE MPLAB ICD The box that contains the debug control circuitry for the ICD device on the header or target board An ICD device can be a production device with built in ICD cir cuitry or a special ICD version of a production device i e device ICD MPLAB ICE 2000 4000 The external emulator box that contains emulation memory trace memory event and cycle timers and trace breakpoint logic Power on Reset Emulation A software randomization process that writes random values in data RAM areas to simulate uninitialized values in RAM upon initial power application Pragma A directive that has meaning to a specific compiler Often a pragma is used to convey implementation defined information to the compiler MPLAB C30 uses attributes to convey this information Precedence Rules that define the order of evaluation in expressions PRO MATE II No longer in Production See the MPLAB PM3 device programmer A device programmer from Microchip Programs
131. he MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator is connected to the target device with an 8 pin interface The pin numbering for the connector is shown from the top of the target PC board in Figure 2 7 Note Connections from the emulator to the target are shown in Section 13 7 High Speed Communication Hardware FIGURE 2 7 HIGH SPEED CONNECTION AT TARGET Top of Target Board Used for optional SPI trace capability See Section 2 5 2 SPI Trace Connections High Speed Communication Only 2 4 3 Target Connection Circuitry Figure 2 8 shows the interconnections of the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator to the connector on the target board The diagram also shows the wiring from the connector to a device on the target PC board A pull up resistor typically 10 kQ is recommended to be connected from the VPP MCLR line to VDD so that the line may be strobed low to reset the device FIGURE 2 8 STANDARD CONNECTION TARGET CIRCUITRY Emulator Pod VDD XTAL VPP MCLR e m o m r z O Z H Interface Connector OD ACTE STATUS In the following descriptions only three lines are active and relevant to core emulator operation pins 1 VPP MCLR 5 PGC and 4 PGD Pins 2 VDD and 3 Vss are shown on the above diagram for completeness but are only sensed not provided or controlled by the emulator Be aware that the target VDD is sensed by the emulator to allow level t
132. he device SPI and pins 7 DAT and 8 CLK Figure 2 10 shows these additional connections As with pins 4 PGD and 5 PGC Section 2 4 4 Circuits That Will Prevent the Emulator From Functioning do not use pull up resistors capacitors or diodes FIGURE 2 10 SERIAL TRACE CONNECTIONS Emulator Pod Device S SPI High Spee SDO serial data ouptut Interface SCK serial clock Connector fs m o m ko o E Z x Ca B STATUS The DAT and CLK lines are intended for use with devices that do not have built in debug logic that allows tracing to use the PGD PGC EMUC EMUD pins The DAT line connects to either the target device SPI port SDO1 or SDO2 The CLK line connects to SCK1 or SCK2 When you dedicate these pins to tracing then any multiplexed function on these pins can no longer be used by the application For more on this type of trace see Section 7 3 3 3 SPI Trace DS51616C page 24 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Operation 2 5 3 UO Port Trace Connections Streaming parallel trace is possible using a device 8 pin I O port and the emulator logic probe connector This provides greater trace speed and data quantity but limits emulator to target distance by the length of the logic probe connectors Figure 2 11 shows these additional connections FIGURE 2 11 PARALLEL TRACE CONNECTIONS Emulator Pod Interface Connector Device 6 0 PORTx 7 b m o w ra z o I
133. help file for the emulator is included with MPLAB IDE Usage troubleshooting and hardware specifications are covered This may be more up to date than the printed documentation Also emulator reserved resources and limitations are listed for various devices Header Board Specification DS51292 This booklet describes how to install and use MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator headers Headers are used to better debug selected devices using special ICE device versions without the loss of pins or resources See also the Header on line help file Transition Socket Specification DS51194 Consult this document for information on transition sockets available for use with headers DS51616C page 10 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Preface THE MICROCHIP WEB SITE Microchip provides online support via our web site at www microchip com This web site is used as a means to make files and information easily available to customers Accessible by using your favorite Internet browser the web site contains the following information e Product Support Data sheets and errata application notes and sample programs design resources user s guides and hardware support documents latest software releases and archived software General Technical Support Frequently Asked Questions FAQs technical support requests online discussion groups Microchip consultant program member listing Business of Microchip Product selector
134. ief under that Act Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is provided only for your convenience and may be superseded by updates lt is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WRITTEN OR ORAL STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE RELATED TO THE INFORMATION INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION QUALITY PERFORMANCE MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR PURPOSE Microchip disclaims all liability arising from this information and its use Use of Microchip devices in life support and or safety applications is entirely at the buyer s risk and the buyer agrees to defend indemnify and hold harmless Microchip from any and all damages claims suits or expenses resulting from such use No licenses are conveyed implicitly or otherwise under any Microchip intellectual property rights QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CERTIFIED BY DNV ISO TS 16949 2002 Trademarks The Microchip name and logo the Microchip logo dsPIC KEELOQ KEELOQ logo MPLAB PIC PICmicro PICSTART rfPIC and UNI O are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U S A and other countries FilterLab Hampshire HI TECH C Linear Active Thermistor MXDEV MXLAB SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U S
135. ifferent cable and repeat the above steps RIErr0062 Loopback VPP failure Emulator power supply failure Contact Microchip technical support RIErr0063 Loopback clock write failure RIErr0064 Loopback data write failure RIErr0065 Loopback clock read failure RIErr0066 Loopback data read failure Clock data not being output from the emulator Check your connections and try again RIErr0067 Failed to set clear software breakpoint Reprogram and try again RIErr0068 Failed while writing to boot FLASH memory RIErr0069 Failed while reading boot FLASH memory RIErr0070 Failed while writing peripheral memory RIErr0071 Failed while reading peripheral memory See Section 11 3 1 Read Write Error Actions RIErr0072 Unable to send freeze peripheral information See Section 11 3 3 Emulator to PC Communication Error Actions RIErr0073 Device is code protected The device on which you are attempting to operate read program blank check or verify is code protected i e the code cannot be read or modified Check your Configuration bits setting for code protection To disable code protection set or clear the appropriate Configuration bits in code or in the Configuration Bits window Configure Configuration Bits according to the device data sheet Then erase and reprogram the entire device RIErr0080 Failed setting shadow bit s A file register read or write failed See Section 11 3 2 Emulator to Target Comm
136. ilable to the application C18 A description that specifies the size of pointers that point to program memory Message Text displayed to alert you to potential problems in language tool operation A message will not stop operation Microcontroller A highly integrated chip that contains a CPU RAM program memory I O ports and timers Microcontroller Mode One of the possible program memory configurations of PIC18 microcontrollers In microcontroller mode only internal execution is allowed Thus only the on chip pro gram memory is available in microcontroller mode DS51616C page 154 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Glossary Microprocessor Mode One of the possible program memory configurations of PIC18 microcontrollers In microprocessor mode the on chip program memory is not used The entire program memory is mapped externally Mnemonics Text instructions that can be translated directly into machine code Also referred to as opcodes MPASM Assembler Microchip Technology s relocatable macro assembler for PIC microcontroller devices KeeLoq devices and Microchip memory devices MPLAB Language Tool for Device Microchip s C compilers assemblers and linkers for specified devices Select the type of language tool based on the device you will be using for your application e g if you will be creating C code on a PIC18 MCU select the MPLAB C Compiler for PIC18 MCUs MPLAB ICD Microchip s in circui
137. iles are found in the Readmes subdirectory of the MPLAB IDE installation directory O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 67 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 5 3 CREATING A PROJECT The easiest way to create a new project is to select Project gt Project Wizard With the help of the Project Wizard a new project and the language tools for building that project can be created The wizard will guide you through the process of adding source files libraries linker scripts etc to the various nodes on the project window See MPLAB IDE documentation for more detail on using this wizard The basic steps are provided here Select your device e g PIC24FJ128GA010 Select a language toolsuite e g Microchip C30 Toolsuite Name the project Add application files e g program c support s counter asm Add a linker script file optional Most multi file projects no longer require that you add a linker script file to your project See the MPLAB IDE documentation for details If you do need or want to add a linker script file default linker scripts directories are listed below For some debug tools an i version of the linker script is necessary for debugging e g 18F8722i 1kr MPLINKTM Object Linker used with MPASMTM Assembler C Program Files Microchip MPASM Suite LKR MPLAB C Compiler for PIC18 MCUs formerly MPLAB C18 C MCC18 lkr MPLAB Object Linker for PIC24 MCUs and ds
138. in emulation circuitry instead of a special emulator chip for emulation All available features of a given device are accessible interactively and can be set and modified by the MPLAB IDE interface The MPLAB REAL ICE emulation concept has these features Processors run at maximum speeds Debugging can be done with the device in circuit No emulation load on the processor bus Simple interconnection Capability to incorporate I O port data input Trace MPLAB IDE and Compiler Assisted 8 and 16 bit devices Hardware Trace 32 bit devices In addition to emulator functions the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system also may be used as a device production programmer 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 15 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 1 3 HOW THE EMULATOR HELPS YOU The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system allows you to Debug application on hardware in real time Debug with hardware breakpoints Debug with software breakpoints device dependent Set breakpoints based on internal and or external signals Monitor internal file registers Emulate full speed Program device Trace lines of code or log variable expression values 1 4 EMULATOR KIT COMPONENTS The components of the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system kit are listed below 1 CD ROM with MPLAB IDE software and on line documentation 2 Emulator pod 3 USB cable to provide communications between the emulator and
139. ing needed to begin exploring the specified device View a working application and then debug and program you own changes 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 161 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Static RAM or SRAM Static Random Access Memory Program memory you can read write on the target board that does not need refreshing frequently Status Bar The Status Bar is located on the bottom of the MPLAB IDE window and indicates such current information as cursor position development mode and device and active tool bar Step Into This command is the same as Single Step Step Into as opposed to Step Over follows a CALL instruction into a subroutine Step Over Step Over allows you to debug code without stepping into subroutines When stepping over a CALL instruction the next breakpoint will be set at the instruction after the CALL If for some reason the subroutine gets into an endless loop or does not return properly the next breakpoint will never be reached The Step Over command is the same as Single Step except for its handling of CALL instructions Step Out Step Out allows you to step out of a subroutine which you are currently stepping through This command executes the rest of the code in the subroutine and then stops execution at the return address to the subroutine Stimulus Input to the simulator e data generated to exercise the response of simulation to external signals
140. ing your program When possible errors identify the source file name and line number where the problem is apparent Event A description of a bus cycle which may include address data pass count external input cycle type fetch R W and time stamp Events are used to describe triggers breakpoints and interrupts Executable Code Software that is ready to be loaded for execution Export Send data out of the MPLAB IDE in a standardized format 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 149 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Expressions Combinations of constants and or symbols separated by arithmetic or logical operators Extended Microcontroller Mode In extended microcontroller mode on chip program memory as well as external mem ory is available Execution automatically switches to external if the program memory address is greater than the internal memory space of the PIC18 device Extended Mode In Extended mode the compiler will utilize the extended instructions i e ADDFSR ADDULNK CALLW MOVSF MOVSS PUSHL SUBFSR and SUBULNK and the indexed with literal offset addressing External Label A label that has external linkage External Linkage A function or variable has external linkage if it can be referenced from outside the module in which it is defined External Symbol A symbol for an identifier which has external linkage This may be a reference or a definition Extern
141. ion allows for higher speed operations a longer distance between the emulator and target and additional tracing functionality over a standard connection The high speed driver board from the Performance Pak is plugged into the emulator pod to configure the system for this type of communication with the target The modular cables can be inserted into matching sockets at the high speed receiver board which is attached via an 8 pin connector into either 1 the target board with an on board target device Figure 2 4 or 2 the header board from the Processor Pak which is then plugged into the target board Figure 2 5 If your application is high voltage you will also need to replace the high speed receiver board with an isolator unit to isolate the target See Section 13 8 MPLAB REAL ICE Isolator unit For more on high speed communication see Section 13 7 High Speed Communication Hardware FIGURE 2 4 HIGH SPEED EMULATOR SYSTEM DEVICE WITH ON BOARD ICE CIRCUITRY Performance Pak High Speed Receiver Board Emulator Pod LM AN B STATUS FUNCTION RESET Replace with isolator unit l for high voltage High Speed Driver Board A lt lt lt DS51616C page 20 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Operation FIGURE 2 5 HIGH SPEED EMULATOR SYSTEM ICE DEVICE Performance Pak 71 High Speed Hea
142. ions Trace Connections Debugging with the Emulator Requirements For Debugging Programming with the Emulator Resources Used by the Emulator 2 2 TOOL COMPARISONS The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system differs physically and operationally from a classic in circuit emulator system It is similar to an in circuit debugger system TABLE 2 1 TOOL COMPARISONS HARDWARE CONFIGURATIONS Hardware Tool Function Device Specific Hardware Classic emulator unit Debug Processor module ME device Programmer unit Program Socket module MPLAB REAL ICE unit Debug Header board ICE device or Regular device with on board emulation circuitry Program Regular device In circuit debug unit Debug Header board ICD device Regular device with on board debug circuitry Program Regular device Classic emulator systems have speed bottlenecks caused by bringing internal busses off chip and using external memories The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system eliminates these bottlenecks by using the actual device if it has on board emulation circuitry or a special ICE version of the device on a header see the Header Board Specification in Recommended Reading for more information for emulation The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator programs debug code into a device or ICE version of a device to perform emulation Therefore it may also be used as a programmer to program finished application code into a devic
143. ions of the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system are detailed 13 2 HIGHLIGHTS This chapter discusses Declaration of Conformity USB Port Power Emulator Pod Standard Communication Hardware High Speed Communication Hardware MPLAB REAL ICE Isolator unit Loop Back Test Board Target Board Considerations 13 3 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY We Microchip Technology Inc 2355 W Chandler Blvd Chandler Arizona 85224 6199 USA hereby declare that the product MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator complies with the following standards provided that the restrictions stated in the operating manual are observed Standards EN61010 1 Laboratory Equipment Microchip Technology Inc Date August 2006 Important Information Concerning the Use of the MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator Due to the special nature of the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator the user is advised that it can generate higher than normal levels of electromagnetic radiation which can interfere with the operation of all kinds of radio and other equipment To comply with the European Approval Regulations therefore the following restrictions must be observed 1 The development system must be used only in an industrial or comparable area 2 The system must not be operated within 20 meters of any equipment which may be affected by such emissions radio receivers TVs etc 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 127 MPLAB REAL ICE In
144. is selected as a programmer an emulator specific programmer toolbar is displayed in MPLAB IDE This toolbar contains buttons with the same functions as the emulator programmer menu Toolbars Status Bar The selected programmer MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator as well as other pro gramming information is displayed in the status bar on the bottom of the MPLAB IDE desktop Refer to the MPLAB IDE on line help for information on the contents of the status bar 12 5 SETTINGS DIALOG Select either Debugger gt Settings or Programmer gt Settings to open the Settings dialog and set up the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator Note Settings information may be preserved by saving the MPLAB IDE workspace The Settings dialog has the following tabs Note Tabs displayed will depend on the selected device Settings Dialog Program Memory Tab Settings Dialog Configuration Tab Settings Dialog Trace Tab Settings Dialog Freeze on Halt Tab Settings Dialog Status Tab Settings Dialog Clock Tab Settings Dialog Secure Segment Tab Settings Dialog Warnings Tab Settings Dialog Runtime Watch Tab 12 5 1 This tab allows you to set up debug programming options TABLE 12 8 MANUAL SELECTION OPTIONS Settings Dialog Program Memory Tab Allow MPLAB REAL ICE to select memories and ranges The emulator uses your selected device and default settings to determine what to program Manually select memo ries and ranges
145. jects AIT ut RlT ut Browse Browse 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 41 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 5 Proceed to the next dialog of the wizard where project files can be added Files can also be added later if something is missed For this example browse to your project directory to find both files Click on counter c to highlight it and then click on ADD gt gt to add it to the right pane Click on timer c to highlight it and then click on ADD gt gt to add it to the right pane Leave the A next to the file name For more information on what this and other letters mean click the Help button on the dialog FIGURE 4 4 PROJECT WIZARD ADD FILES Project Wizard KREE files to pour project J Documents and Settin A C Projects AlTut counter c Y Lotus A CaProjectssAlTutitimer c j NotesSQL Y ORANT C2 Program Files a CC Program Install 1 Projects C2 MyProject C2 RITut E counter c E timer c 71 PSFONTS M gt 6 Proceed to the Summary screen If you have made any errors click lt Back to return to a previous wizard dialog If everything is correct click Finish 4 5 VIEWING THE PROJECT After exiting the wizard the MPLAB IDE desktop will again be visible Close all other windows on the desktop to see the Project window FIGURE 4 5 PROJECT WINDOW RITut mew B
146. k tab For data capture and trace the emulator needs to know the instruction cycle speed See Section 12 5 6 Settings Dialog Clock Tab for more information Enter your information here 3 Rebuild the project Project gt Build All and reprogram the target device Debugger gt Program 4 Run the program View the data in a DMCI window or watch variable values change in an MPLAB IDE window O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 75 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 7 3 TRACE This section will discuss the types of available trace for 8 and 16 bit devices and how to use them See Section 12 3 11 Trace Window for information on the trace window 7 3 1 Requirements for Trace The following is required to use trace For 16 bit devices dsPIC30F 33F PIC24F H MPLAB IDE v7 43 and above MPLAB C30 v2 04 and above For these devices only C code can be traced not assembly For 8 bit devices PIC18 MPLAB IDE v7 52 and above MPASM toolsuite v5 10 and above MPLAB C18 v3 10 and above In line assembly code assembly code within C code cannot be traced 7 3 2 How Trace Works Trace for the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator Instrumented Trace is a solution for providing basic trace information Through the use of TRACE and LOG macros you can report program locations or variable values to MPLAB IDE while the applica tion is running You may type these macro names in manually or
147. keep EEPROM memory on target from being overwritten on programming Target EEPROM memory values are read into MPLAB IDE erased from the target and then written back to the target Uncheck to use EEPROM checkbox functionality under Memories Use high voltage on MCLR For PIC24FXXKAXXX devices Check this option to use high voltage to configure pin as either a normal input pin or as a MCLR reset Leave unchecked for a low voltage MCLR reset Notes 1 As long as the configuration setting is MCLR pin enabled RAS input pin disabled then you can use Low Voltage Entry uncheck the Use high voltage on MCLR option 2 Ifyou have the configuration setting to RAS input pin enabled MCLR disabled then you must check the Use high voltage on MCLR option 3 If you want to program the MCLR pin enable bit configura tion setting you must check the Use high voltage on MCLR option 4 If you are using a ICE header the setting of this checkbox does not matter Preserve Program Memory Range hex Start End The starting and ending hex address range in target program memory to preserve when programming reading or verifying This memory is read from the target and overlaid with existing MPLAB IDE memory Automatically Perform the selected debug options automatically Program after successful build After the application code successfully builds program this code into the device Run
148. lar Devices For regular devices the emulator may be connected directly to the target board The device on the target board must have built in debug circuitry in order for the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator to perform emulation with it Consult the device data sheet to see if the device has the needed debug circuitry i e it should have a Background Debugger Enable Configuration bit Note In the future devices with circuitry that support ICD may be used though only standard debug and not emulator debug functions will be available The target board must have a connector to accommodate to the communications chosen for the emulator For connection information see Section 2 3 1 Standard Communication or Section 2 3 2 High Speed Communication 3 5 2 Using ICE Devices and Header Boards For ICE devices an ICE header board is reguired The header board contains the hardware necessary to emulate a specific device or family of devices Note In the future ICD header boards with ICD devices Device ICD may be used though only standard debug and not emulator debug functions will be available A transition socket is used with the ICE header to connect the header to the target board Transition sockets are available in various styles to allow a common header to be connected to one of the supported surface mount package styles For more information on transition sockets see the Transition Socket Specification
149. low DS51616C page 28 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Operation 2 7 2 Debugging Details Figure 2 14 illustrates the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system when it is ready for debugging FIGURE 2 14 MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR READY FOR DEBUGGING Target must Debug be Registers Running for Debug VPP MCLR Executive Debug to Function Executive for Debug Program Executive Memory Internal e POU be Hardware Stack Shared by Debug Exec Area Used by Debug Exec File Registers Typically in order to find out if an application program will run correctly a breakpoint is set early in the program code When a breakpoint is set from the user interface of MPLAB IDE the address of the breakpoint is stored in the special internal debug registers of the target device Commands on PGC and PGD communicate directly to these registers to set the breakpoint address Next the Debugger gt Run function or the Run icon forward arrow is usually pressed from MPLAB IDE The emulator will then tell the debug executive to run The target will start from the Reset vector and execute until the Program Counter reaches the breakpoint address previously stored in the internal debug registers After the instruction at the breakpoint address is executed the in circuit debug mechanism of the target device fires a
150. m code 2 Select Project gt Build Options gt Project Trace tab Uncheck Enable Trace Click OK 3 Rebuild the project Project gt Build All 4 Reprogram the device Debugger gt Program 7 3 9 Resource Usage Examples The following examples are for illustration only Your results may vary based upon compiler assembler version command line options MPLAB IDE version size of data variable being logged interrupt state and device in use All examples include argu ment setup function call and return time in their cycle counts The PIC18FXXJ MCU examples are compiled assembled for non priority interrupt usage 30 instructions For priority interrupt usage the value is 57 and for no interrupt usage the value is 15 The dsPIC33F DSC examples show 9 instructions specified in the 16 bit library size for memcpy EXAMPLE 7 1 ASSEMBLY PROJECT PIC18FXXJ DEVICE RUNNING AT 4MHZ 1 MIPS WITH Native SPI VO Port Library Size in instructions 23 30 37 30 25 30 GPRs Used in bytes 8 6 6 __ TRACE id instruction cycles 80 54 42 __LOG id BYTE instruction cycles 168 90 57 EXAMPLE 7 2 PIC18FXXJ DEVICE RUNNING AT 40MHZ 10 MIPS WITH C PROJECT Native SPI VO Port Library Size in instructions 75 30 87 30 112 30 GPRs Used in bytes 10 8 8 ___ TRACE id instruction cycles 79 71 55 LOG id INT instruction cycles 225 169 162 DS51
151. mber of breakpoint location Enabled Check to enable a breakpoint Once a breakpoint has been added to the window you may right click on it to open a menu of options Delete delete selected breakpoint Edit View open the Set Breakpoint Dialog Delete All delete all listed breakpoints Disable All disable all listed breakpoints E HQDULDQTRQRQ H H REc P n ERT DS51616C page 112 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Emulator Function Summary 12 3 1 2 BREAKPOINT DIALOG BUTTONS Use the buttons to add a breakpoint and set up additional break conditions Also a stopwatch is available for use with breakpoints and triggers Note Buttons displayed will depend on the selected device TABLE 12 2 BREAKPOINT DIALOG BUTTONS Control Function Related Dialog Add Breakpoint Add a breakpoint Section 12 3 2 Set Breakpoint Dialog Stopwatch Set up the stopwatch Section 12 3 3 Stopwatch Dia log Event Breakpoints Set up break on an event Section 12 3 4 Event Break points Dialog Sequenced Breakpoints Set up a sequence until break Section 12 3 5 Sequenced Breakpoints Dialog ANDED Breakpoints Set up ANDED condition until Section 12 3 6 AND Dialog break
152. meant to be used with hardware breakpoints However you can use the stopwatch with software breakpoints but they will be converted to hard ware breakpoints as you select them In the Output window you will see Converting breakpoint types Breakpoint type conversion complete Follow the steps as specified in Section 4 11 4 Using the Stopwatch with Breakpoints 4 Setthe breakpoints to hardware again for the remainder of the tutorial Select Debugger gt Settings click on the Configuration tab click the radio button next to Use Hardware Breakpoints and then click OK DS51616C page 52 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Tutorial 4 12 DEBUGGING CODE USING A RUNTIME WATCH Set up a runtime watch to view changes to the counter symbol as the program runs For more information on runtime watches see either Section 7 2 Data Capture and Runtime Watches or Section 8 2 Data Capture and Runtime Watches PIC32MX devices only 1 Remove all breakpoints from code To do this right click on any line of code and select Breakpoints gt Remove All Breakpoints 2 Inthe Watch window click on the counter Symbol Name to select that line Then click the second diamond in the first column of that line to enable a runtime watch See Section 12 3 9 Watch Window Data Capture Runtime Watch for more information FIGURE 4 18 WATCH WINDOW SET FOR RUNTIME WATCH Watch QUE Ges anos v sl update Address Symbol Wane vane
153. mming and debugging functions This 6 pin connection is the same one used by other Microchip in circuit debuggers The standard driver board is plugged into the emulator pod to configure the system for communication with the target The modular cable can be either 1 inserted into a matching socket at the target where the target device is on the target board Figure 2 2 or 2 inserted into a standard adapter header board combo available as a Processor Pak which in then plugged into the target board Figure 2 3 Note Older header boards used a 6 pin RJ 11 connector instead of an 8 pin connector so these headers may be connected directly to the emulator For more on standard communication see Section 13 6 Standard Communication Hardware DS51616C page 18 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Operation FIGURE 2 2 STANDARD EMULATOR SYSTEM DEVICE WITH ON BOARD ICE CIRCUITRY Emulator Pod L EK ACTE B STATUS FUNCTION RESET Standard Driver Board FIGURE 2 3 STANDARD EMULATOR SYSTEM ICE DEVICE Processor Pak 0 71 Standard Emulator Pod Adapter Header Z E Active STATUS FUNCTION RESET Standard Driver Board 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 19 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 2 3 2 High Speed Communication The emulator system can be configured to use high speed communication for both programming and debugging functions This connect
154. most PIC microcontrollers as well as most memory and KEELOQ devices Can be used with MPLAB IDE or stand alone Production Programmer A production programmer is a programming tool that has resources designed in to pro gram devices rapidly It has the capability to program at various voltage levels and com pletely adheres to the programming specification Programming a device as fast as possible is of prime importance in a production environment where time is of the essence as the application circuit moves through the assembly line Microchip production programmers such as MPLAB PM3 MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator and MPLAB ICD 3 have been designed with robustness in mind to tolerate these demanding environments Some top end tools have additional accessories The MPLAB REAL ICE Performance Pak has accelerators to speed up the communication and In Circuit Serial Program ming ICSP process The MPLAB PM3 programmer has interchangeable socket mod ules to support various devices out of circuit Profile For MPLAB SIM simulator a summary listing of executed stimulus by register Program Counter The location that contains the address of the instruction that is currently executing Program Counter Unit ALU30 A conceptual representation of the layout of program memory The program counter increments by 2 for each instruction word In an executable section 2 program counter units are equivalent to 3 bytes In a read only section 2 prog
155. mulator chip ME for monitoring There is no ME with the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator so there are no busses to monitor externally With the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator rather than using external breakpoints the built in breakpoint circuitry of the debug engine is used the busses and breakpoint logic are monitored inside the part 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 93 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Does the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator have complex breakpoints Yes You can break based on a value in a data memory location You can also do sequenced breakpoints where several events are happening before it breaks but you can only do 2 sequences instead of 4 as you can in the MPLAB ICE 2000 You can also do an AND condition and PASS counts See Section 12 3 1 Breakpoints Dialog for more information One of the probe pins is labeled 5V How much drive capability does this probe have This is a monitoring function allows you to see what VDD is actually being applied and used on the driver buffers The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator cannot provide power to the target Are any of the driver boards optoisolated or electrically isolated They are DC optoisolated but not AC optoisolated To apply high voltage 120V to the current system see Section 13 8 MPLAB REAL ICE Isolator unit What limitations are there with the 5 or 6 pins only The limitations are with the ca
156. n Never Stop tracing v 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 63 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide FIGURE 4 25 PIC32 INSTRUCTION TRACE DATA Trace Quay Line Program Address Op Instruction 660 9D00001C OF40000B jal Ox9d00002c 661 9D000020 00000000 nop 662 Spoon02c 27BDFFFC addiu sp sp 4 663 9D000030 AFBOOOOO sw s0 0 sp 664 9D000034 3C10BF88 lui 30 0xbf88 665 Spooo038 26106024 addiu s0 s0 2461 666 9D00003C AE040000 sw a0 0 s0 667 9D000040 8FB00000 lw s0 0 sp 9D000044 669 9D000045 03E00008 jr ra 670 9D00004C 00000000 nop 671 9D000024 OB400009 endless j Ox9d000024 E Projects32 PIC32MX asm32 ports_control source ports_control S deg function epilogue restore registers used in this function 118 from stack and adjust stack pointer 119 S 120 lu s0 O sp SEI addiu sp sp 4 122 123 return to caller 124 jr ra 125 nop 126 end mPORTAClearBits v lt gt DS51616C page 64 2009 Microchip Technology Inc S MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT MICROCHIP EMULATOR USER S GUIDE Part 3 Features Chapter 5 General Setup teesina aeon o exu sua saca a Du RAP NAM n kua a DINERS E n Ka a SEE DN AN 67 Chapter 6 Basic Debug Functions nes 73 Chapter 7 Debug for 8 and 16 Bit Devices nes 75 Chapter 8 Debug for 32 Bit Devices nes 83 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51
157. n port from the drop down list Click OK Note Determining a port that may be dedicated to trace can be a difficult task on complex devices with many functions multiplexed on port pins One suggestion is to use the MPLAB VDI visual device initializer Not only can you use it to create initialization code for your application but you can add a port to see if it conflicts with any of your other application peripheral pins MPLAB VDI information is stored with the workspace FIGURE 4 23 BUILD OPTIONS DIALOG I O PORT TRACE Enable Trace O Native 1 0 Part Cen Communications Medium PORTE Device Resources Used Disable Trace Macros Trace macros require program memory space and execution time Build Options For Project RITut mcp MPLAB A5M30 MPLAB C30 MPLAB LINK30 Directories Trace A5M30 C30 Suite Once selected this port will be dedicated to trace it will be lost for general use Port must be 8 bit with all 8 pins available to dedicate to trace 2 Highlight the variable counter from the following line of code counter increment counter Right click on the highlighted variable and select Log Selected C Value from the pop up menu This causes the following macro line to be inserted above the line containing the variable LOG id counter where idis a log number auto generated during build 3 Rebuild the project Project gt Build All 2009 Microchip
158. n rent NELLE setti 25 Improper Circuits 23 elc 24 AE A 21 Target Detected 120 Target Device ss 27 TMI OTA coco o t oto oed he DEEN 37 Toolbar ButtOns eese 47 MA nr eme a 15 VO Poltica it tadas 25 78 NatlVez o EE 24 78 PIC32 Instruction eee 26 84 SEE a Cis rur m tbe eid 24 78 134 136 Trace Quick Reference eee 82 Trace tab ada 78 82 119 Trace Window nenene nen 117 Transition Sotketaan 16 Specification 10 35 Miel qw 84 85 TADO bar eins 84 85 Triggers iiie orbi 74 115 External zii best tera eR T 74 129 Triggers Start Stop esseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeneee 86 123 E el UE 37 U Update Watch Window 116 luci 128 163 Cables eee en nen 16 18 Device DEV Sii ridad AA eg 33 PUBS toto et able oe A hee Matem dd 128 V A Aad at nels 23 Viel FREE 21 22 23 27 129 i us 120 Viele eiecit tee cere te REDE Ee 21 22 23 27 28 W Watch Real in iiie m te pene eiu 53 Ri htiiTie iaa Pr prt ette 75 83 116 Runtime Update Rate esse 125 SYMDO S divo er p be E Re 117 NINO Wisin iria Pe tee s Sane 49 Watchdog Timer 28 69 164 Web Site Microchip 11 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 167 MICROCHIP WORLDWIDE SALES AND SERVICE AMERICAS Corporate
159. nd its response Librarian See Archiver Library See Archive Linker A language tool that combines object files and libraries to create executable code resolving references from one module to another Linker Script Files Linker script files are the command files of a linker They define linker options and describe available memory on the target platform Listing Directives Listing directives are those directives that control the assembler listing file format They allow the specification of titles pagination and other listing control Listing File A listing file is an ASCII text file that shows the machine code generated for each C source statement assembly instruction assembler directive or macro encountered in a source file Little Endian A data ordering scheme for multibyte data whereby the least significant byte is stored at the lower addresses Local Label A local label is one that is defined inside a macro with the LOCAL directive These labels are particular to a given instance of a macro s instantiation In other words the symbols and labels that are declared as local are no longer accessible after the ENDM macro is encountered Logic Probes Up to 14 logic probes can be connected to some Microchip emulators The logic probes provide external trace inputs trigger output signal 5V and a common ground Loop Back Test Board Used to test the functionality of the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator LVDS
160. nd transfers the device s Program Counter to the debug executive much like an interrupt and the user s application is effectively halted The emulator communicates with the debug executive via PGC and PGD gets the breakpoint status information and sends it back to MPLAB IDE MPLAB IDE then sends a series of gueries to the emulator to get information about the target device such as file register contents and the state of the CPU These queries are ultimately performed by the debug executive The debug executive runs just like an application in program memory It uses some locations on the stack for its temporary variables If the device does not run for whatever reason such as no oscillator a faulty power supply connection shorts on the target board etc then the debug executive cannot communicate to the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator and MPLAB IDE will issue an error message Another way to get a breakpoint is to press the MPLAB IDE s Halt button the pause symbol to the right of the Run arrow This toggles the PGC and PGD lines so that the in circuit debug mechanism of the target device switches the Program Counter from the user s code in program memory to the debug executive Again the target application program is effectively halted and MPLAB IDE uses the emulator communications with the debug executive to interrogate the state of the target device 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 29 MPLAB REAL ICE In
161. nes physically connected to the device For more on setting up MPLAB IDE see Chapter 5 General Setup A DS51616C page 36 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT MICROCHIP EMULATOR USER S GUIDE Chapter 4 Tutorial 4 1 INTRODUCTION This tutorial walks you through the process of developing a simple project using the sample programs counter c and timer c This is an implementation of the PIC24FJ128GA010 device using the Explorer 16 Demo Board DM240001 The program counter c is a simple counting program The incremental count delayed by using Timer 1 timer c is displayed via Port A on the demo board s LEDs Topics covered in this chapter Setting Up The Environment Creating the Application Code Running the Project Wizard Viewing the Project Creating a Hex File Viewing Debug Options Setting Up the Demo Board Loading Program Code For Debugging Running Debug Code Debugging Code Using Breakpoints Debugging Code Using A RunTime Watch Debugging Code Using Native Trace Programming the Application Other Trace Methods SPI or I O Port Trace Other Trace Methods PIC32 Instruction Trace 4 2 SETTING UP THE ENVIRONMENT Before beginning this tutorial follow the steps in Chapter 3 Installation to setup the MPLAB IDE software and MPLAB REAL ICE system hardware Double click on the MPLAB IDE icon to launch the application Once launched the MPLAB IDE desktop should appear
162. nformation 4 15 2 1 HARDWARE SETUP To set up the hardware to use I O Port Trace do the following 1 Modify or create a target board as specified above so that it accommodates a connection between the emulator and the device port 2 Using an unpowered emulator and target board connect the two using either standard or high speed communications 3 Connect the emulator s logic probe pins to the target device s port pins using logic probes or other connectors 4 Power the emulator and then the target board 4 15 2 2 MPLAB IDE SETUP To set up MPLAB IDE software to use I O Port Trace do the following 1 Launch MPLAB IDE and open the project from this tutorial if it is not already open 2 If the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator is selected as the programmer dis able it by selecting Programmer gt Select Programmer gt None 3 Enable the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator as the debug tool by selecting Debugger gt Select Tool gt REAL ICE 4 On the Project toolbar select Debug from the Build Configuration drop down list For some devices an i version of the linker script is also necessary for debugging e g 18F8722i 1kr DS51616C page 60 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Tutorial 4 15 2 3 TRACE SETUP To log a variable value using I O Port Trace 1 Select Project gt Build Options gt Project Trace tab Check Enable Trace and uncheck Disable Trace Macros Then select the I O Port Trace and choose a
163. not overflow with values from an executing program A for instead of while loop could be used as well to control the number of trace samples To set the size of the trace buffer 1 Select Debugger gt Settings Trace tab 2 Enter a value for the trace buffer not to exceed the maximum specified on this tab DS51616C page 56 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Tutorial 4 13 4 Disabling Trace To temporarily disable the trace capability 1 Select Project gt Build Options gt Project Trace tab Check Disable Trace Macros Click OK 2 Rebuild the project Project gt Build All 3 Reprogram the device Debugger gt Program To permanently disable the trace capability 1 Remove all trace and log macros from code 2 Select Project gt Build Options gt Project Trace tab Uncheck Enable Trace Click OK 3 Rebuild the project Project gt Build All 4 Reprogram the device Debugger gt Program 4 14 PROGRAMMING THE APPLICATION When the program is successfully debugged and running the next step is to program the device for stand alone operation in the finished design When doing this the resources reserved for debug are released for use by the application To program the application follow these steps 1 Disable the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator as the debug tool by selecting Debugger gt Select Tool gt None 2 Enable the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator as the programmer by selectin
164. o clear the start condition To halt the program run on this condition check the check box next to Start condition will cause the target device to halt Stop Condition Click Select Stop Condition to choose an available breakpoint or trigger condition to stop the stopwatch Available breakpoints trig gers are those previously added to the breakpoint dialog Click None to clear the stop condition To halt the program run on this condition check the check box next to Stop condition will cause the target device to halt Reset stopwatch on run Reset the stopwatch values to zero every time the program is run DS51616C page 114 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Emulator Function Summary 12 3 4 Event Breakpoints Dialog Click Event Breakpoints in the Breakpoints Dialog to display this dialog Select a condition where the program will always break Break on Watchdog Timer Break every time the watchdog timer times out Make sure the Watchdog Timer is enabled in the Configuration bits Break on SLEEP instruction Break when a SLEEP instruction is encountered in the program 12 3 5 Sequenced Breakpoints Dialog Click Seguenced Breakpoints in the Breakpoints Dialog to display this dialog Set up a sequential occurrence of breakpoints Seguence execution of breakpoints is bottom up the last breakpoint in the sequence occurs first To add a breakpoint to a seguence
165. oftware breakpoints for debug impacts device endurance Therefore it is recommended that devices used in this manner not be used as production parts 12 5 3 Settings Dialog Trace Tab Set up trace options on this tab TABLE 12 10 TRACE OPTIONS Trace Buffer Size Number of Lines The trace buffer for MPLAB IDE can hold up to 2GB of data When used with the emulator each trace line requires 12 bytes of data Therefore the buffer can contain a maximum of 165 million trace lines Number of Bytes PIC32MX Devices The maximum size is 22M Bytes The trace buffer size must be divisible by 8 Note Due to the trace data compression scheme one byte of trace data may contain between one to seven trace lines PIC32MX Instruction Trace Enable Trace If this item is visible then your selected device supports this type of trace Use this checkbox to enable emulator trace If this item is not visible see Section 12 3 12 Build Options Dialog Trace Tab Device Dependent to enable and set up trace Stall CPU When Trace Buffer is Full Use this checkbox to enable this feature Set the size of the trace buffer in the previous section of this dialog tab Start Stop Triggers To use this feature set and enable breakpoints in your code and then use this section to select breakpoints to start and or stop trace Note Once breakpoints have been used for trace they will stay assigned as trig
166. oject EAProjects324RITutRITut mcp started Preprocessor symbol _DEBUG is defined Target debug platform is MPLAB DEBUGGER REAL ICE 1 Debug platform options are ICD2RAM 1 Wed Dec 05 13 20 11 2007 Clean Deleting intermediary and output files Clean Deleted file E Projects32 RlTut counter o Clean Deleted file E Projects32 RlTut timer o Clean Done Executing C Program Files Microchip MPLAB C30 bin pic30 gcc exe mcpu 24FJ128GA010 x Executing C Program Files Microchip MPLAB C30 bin pic30 gcc exe mcpuz24F J128GA010 x Executing C Program Files Microchip MPLAB C30 bin pic30 gcc exe mcpu 24FJ128GA010 c Executing C Program Files Microchip MPLAB C30 bin pic30 bin2hex exe E Projects32 RITut Loaded E Projects32 RITut RITut cof Debug build of project E Projects32 RITut RlTut mcp succeeded Preprocessor symbol __DEBUG is defined Target debug platform is MPLAB DEBUGGER REAL ICE 1 Debug platform options are ICD2RAM 1 Wed Dec 05 13 20 16 2007 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 43 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 4 7 FIGURE 4 7 WINDOWS EXPLORER PROJECT FILES C3 C Projects RiTut uy File Edit View Favorites Tools Help A Q Back Ki Search E Folders De i Fr Address e C Projects RITUt y Go Folders x Name Size Type Date Modified Desktop A EI counter c 2KB Cie 10 19 2006 12 59 PM d My Compute
167. ol used to program electrically programmable semiconductor devices such as microcontrollers Digital Signal Controller A microcontroller device with digital signal processing capability e Microchip dsPIC DSC devices Digital Signal Processing The computer manipulation of digital signals commonly analog signals sound or image which have been converted to digital form sampled Digital Signal Processor A microprocessor that is designed for use in digital signal processing Directives Statements in source code that provide control of the language tool s operation Download Download is the process of sending data from a host to another device such as an emulator programmer or target board DSC See Digital Signal Controller DSP See Digital Signal Processor dsPIC DSCs dsPIC Digital Signal Controllers DSCs refers to all Microchip DSC families DWARF Debug With Arbitrary Record Format DWARF is a debug information format for ELF files EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory A special type of PROM that can be erased electrically Data is written or erased one byte at a time EEPROM retains its contents even when power is turned off DS51616C page 148 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Glossary ELF Executable and Linking Format An object file of this format contains machine code Debugging and other information is specified in with DWARF ELF DWARF provide better debugging of
168. ology Inc DS51616C page 139 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide FIGURE 13 17 ISOLATOR UNIT SCHEMATIC VDD VPP MCLR VDD DETECT U15 HOT 45V she 4 MCP601_SOT 23_5L Il 2 M R12 T 3 HOT VDD E E KL o e d H22 TAR LOC110 8PFLATPK ji R13 90 9K 5 R11 MCP601 SOT 23 5L TE VPP NMCLR HOT_VDD U10 E EE 3 3V J4 1 2 ADUM1100 AAA DS51616C page 140 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Hardware Specification 13 9 LOOP BACK TEST BOARD This board included with DV244005 can be used to verify that the emulator is functioning properly To use this board 1 Disconnect the emulator from the target and the PC 2 Insert the standard driver board if it is not already installed 3 Connect the loop back test board to the emulator using the modular cable 4 Plug the loop back test board into the emulator s logic probe socket modular cable connector side up Driver Board Slot Standard Driver Board Emulator Pod a Modular Cable T SC Logic Probe Connector Loop Back Test Board 5 Connect the emulator to the PC 6 Select the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator as either a debugger or programmer in MPLAB IDE 7 Select Debugger gt Settings or Programmer gt Settings Status tab and click Run Loopback Tes
169. ols This list is focused on the MPLAB IDE MPLAB IDE Project Manager MPLAB Editor and MPLAB SIM simulator as well as general editing and debugging features Programmers The latest information on Microchip programmers These include the device production programmers MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator MPLAB ICD 3 in circuit debugger MPLAB PM3 and PRO MATE II and development nonproduction programmers MPLAB ICD 2 in circuit debugger PICSTART Plus and PICkit 1 2 and 3 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 11 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide CUSTOMER SUPPORT Users of Microchip products can receive assistance through several channels Distributor or Representative Local Sales Office Field Application Engineer FAE Technical Support Customers should contact their distributor representative or field application engineer FAE for support Local sales offices are also available to help customers A listing of sales offices and locations is included in the back of this document Technical support is available through the web site at http support microchip com Hc GCJ so 7 S a eti DS51616C page 12 2009 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT MICROCHIP EMULATOR USER S GUIDE
170. on OTP One Time Programmable EPROM devices that are not in windowed packages Since EPROM needs ultraviolet light to erase its memory only windowed devices are eras able Pass Counter A counter that decrements each time an event such as the execution of an instruction at a particular address occurs When the pass count value reaches zero the event is satisfied You can assign the Pass Counter to break and trace logic and to any sequential event in the complex trigger dialog PC Personal Computer or Program Counter PC Host Any PC running a supported Windows operating system Persistent Data Data that is never cleared or initialized lts intended use is so that an application can preserve data across a device reset Phantom Byte An unimplemented byte in the dsPIC architecture that is used when treating the 24 bit instruction word as if it were a 32 bit instruction word Phantom bytes appear in dsPIC hex files PIC MCUs PIC microcontrollers MCUs refers to all Microchip microcontroller families PICkit 1 2 and 3 Microchip s developmental device programmers with debug capability through Debug Express See the Readme files for each tool to see which devices are supported PICSTART Plus A developmental device programmer from Microchip Programs 8 14 28 and 40 pin PIC microcontrollers Must be used with MPLAB IDE software Plug ins The MPLAB IDE has both built in components and plug in modules to configure t
171. on Bits and unchecking Configuration bits set in code Do not change any values for this tutorial FIGURE 4 8 CONFIGURATION BITS WINDOW aax Configuration Bits Configuration Bits set in code Address akad ole Category Primary Oscillator Select Primary Oscillator Output Function Clock Switching and Monitor Oscillator Select Internal External Switch Over Mode Watchdog Timer Postscaler WDT Prescaler Watchdog Timer Window Watchdog Timer Enable Comm Channel Select Set Clip On Emulation Mode General Code Segment Write Protect General Code Segment Code Protect JTAG Port Enable Setting HS Oscillator Enabled OSCO pin has digital I O function Sw Disabled Mon Disabled Primary Oscillator XT HS EC Enabled 1 32 768 1 128 Non Window mode Disable EMUC2 EMUD2 shared with PCG2 PGD2 Reset Into Operational Mode Disabled Disabled Disabled DS51616C page 44 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Tutorial 4 7 2 Programming Options To set program options select Debugger gt Settings and click on the Program Memory tab FIGURE 4 9 EMULATOR PROGRAM MEMORY TAB Program Memory Configuration Instrumented Trace Status Warnings Allow REAL ICE to select memories and ranges O Manually select memories and ranges Memories Program Options Program Memory hex Start End Automatically Program after successful build A Run after succe
172. optimized code than COFF Emulation The process of executing software loaded into emulation memory as if it were firmware residing on a microcontroller device Emulation Memory Program memory contained within the emulator Emulator Hardware that performs emulation Emulator System The MPLAB ICE 2000 and MPLAB ICE 4000 emulator systems include the pod pro cessor module device adapter target board cables and MPLAB IDE software The MPLAB REAL ICE system consists of a pod a driver and potentially a receiver card target board cables and MPLAB IDE software Endianness The ordering of bytes in a multi byte object Environment IDE The particular layout of the desktop for application development MPLAB PM3 A folder containing files on how to program a device This folder can be transferred to a SD MMC card Epilogue A portion of compiler generated code that is responsible for deallocating stack space restoring registers and performing any other machine specific reguirement specified in the runtime model This code executes after any user code for a given function immediately prior to the function return EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory A programmable read only memory that can be erased usually by exposure to ultraviolet radiation Error File A file containing error messages and diagnostics generated by a language tool Errors Errors report problems that make it impossible to continue process
173. ou build for inserting into your files at a later time The MPLAB Editor stores templates in template files Tool Bar A row or column of icons that you can click on to execute MPLAB IDE functions Trace An emulator or simulator function that logs program execution The emulator logs pro gram execution into its trace buffer which is uploaded to MPLAB IDE s trace window Trace Memory Trace memory contained within the emulator Trace memory is sometimes called the trace buffer Trace Macro A macro that will provide trace information from emulator data Since this is a software trace the macro must be added to code the code must be recompiled or reassembled and the target device must be programmed with this code before trace will work Trigger Output Trigger output refers to an emulator output signal that can be generated at any address or address range and is independent of the trace and breakpoint settings Any number of trigger output points can be set Trigraphs Three character seguences all starting with that are defined by ISO C as replacements for single characters Unassigned Section A section which has not been assigned to a specific target memory block in the linker command file The linker must find a target memory block in which to allocate an unassigned section Uninitialized Data Data which is defined without an initial value In C int myVar defines a variable which will reside in an uninitializ
174. p Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT MICROCHIP EMULATOR USER S GUIDE Glossary Absolute Section A section with a fixed absolute address that cannot be changed by the linker Access Memory PIC18 Only Special registers on PIC18 devices that allow access regardless of the setting of the Bank Select Register BSR Access Entry Points Access entry points provide a way to transfer control across segments to a function which may not be defined at link time They support the separate linking of boot and secure application segments Address Value that identifies a location in memory Alphabetic Character Alphabetic characters are those characters that are letters of the arabic alphabet a b z A B Z Alphanumeric Alphanumeric characters are comprised of alphabetic characters and decimal digits 0 1 9 ANDed Breakpoints Set up an ANDed condition for breaking i e breakpoint 1 AND breakpoint 2 must occur at the same time before a program halt This can only be accomplished if a data breakpoint and a program memory breakpoint occur at the same time Anonymous Structure C30 An unnamed structure C18 An unnamed structure that is a member of a C union The members of an anon ymous structure may be accessed as if they were members of the enclosing union For example in the following code hi and 1o are members of an anonymous structure inside the union caster union castaway int in
175. plug the emulator from the PC Then try to deselect the emulator again 4 Shut down MPLAB IDE RIErr0006 Failed while writing to user ID memory RIErr0007 Failed while reading program memory RIErr0008 Failed while reading EEPROM RIErr0009 Failed while reading configuration memory RIErr0010 Failed while reading user ID memory See Section 11 3 1 Read Write Error Actions RIErr0011 Bulk erase failed See Section 11 3 1 Read Write Error Actions If these do not work try another device 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 99 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide RIErr0012 Download debug exec failed If you receive this error while attempting to program from the Debugger menu 1 Deselect the emulator as the debug tool 2 Close you project and then close MPLAB IDE 3 Restart MPLAB IDE and re open your project 4 Reselect the emulator as your debug tool and attempt to program your target device again If this does not work see Section 11 3 4 Corrupted Installation Actions RIErr0013 NMMR register write failed RIErr0014 File register write failed See Section 11 3 2 Emulator to Target Communication Error Actions RIErr0015 Data transfer was unsuccessful d byte s expected d byte s transferred See Section 11 3 3 Emulator to PC Communication Error Actions RIErr0016 Cannot transmit REAL ICE not found The emulator is not connected to the PC
176. porting hardware refer to the Microchip website www microchip com To use this trace you will need PIC32MX Plug In Module PIM containing a device that supports trace and a trace port PIC32MX Trace Interface Kit containing a 12 inch trace cable and a trace adapter board The PIC32MX360F512L PIM MA320001 will plug into an Explorer 16 board Follow the instructions specified in Section 8 3 2 Setting Up and Using Trace Once the hardware is connected you enable trace through the Debugger gt Settings Trace tab Figure 4 24 Trace data will appear in the Trace window Figure 4 25 For more information see Section 8 3 PIC32 Instruction Trace FIGURE 4 24 PIC32 INSTRUCTION TRACE ENABLE REAL ICE Settings Program Memory Configuration Trace Freeze on Halt Status Warnings Trace Buffer Size Select the size in bytes of the trace buffer The trace buffer size must be evenly divisible by 8 Max 22 000 000 Number of Bytes 10000 NOTE Due to the trace data compression scheme one byte of trace data may contain between 1 and 7 trace lines gt F Enable Trace Stall CPU when Trace Buffer is Full Start Stop Triggers Select an existing Breakpoint to start trace breakpoint must be enabled to start trace No Start Condition always trace v Select an existing Breakpoint to stop trace breakpoint must be enabled to stop trace No Stop Conditio
177. pt to advance the program counter Object Code The machine code generated by an assembler or compiler Object File A file containing machine code and possibly debug information It may be immediately executable or it may be relocatable requiring linking with other object files e g libraries to produce a complete executable program Object File Directives Directives that are used only when creating an object file Octal The base 8 number system that only uses the digits 0 7 The rightmost digit counts ones the next digit counts multiples of 8 then 8 64 etc Off Chip Memory Off chip memory refers to the memory selection option for the PIC18 device where memory may reside on the target board or where all program memory may be supplied by the emulator The Memory tab accessed from Options gt Development Mode pro vides the Off Chip Memory selection dialog box DS51616C page 156 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Glossary One to One Project Workspace Model The most common configuration for application development in MPLAB IDE to is have one project in one workspace Select Configure gt Settings Projects tab and check Use one to one project workspace model Opcodes Operational Codes See Mnemonics Operators Symbols like the plus sign and the minus sign that are used when forming well defined expressions Each operator has an assigned precedence that is used to determine order of evaluati
178. r B timer c 2KB Cie 10 6 2006 3 11 PM a H 314 Floppy A S RITut cof 188KB COF File 6 25 2007 11 20 AM Local Disk C C gt E RITut hex 5KB HEXFile 6 25 2007 11 20 AM 5 Documents and Settings sj RITut map 81KB MAP File 6 25 2007 11 20 AM 5 Lotus PrrTut mcp 1KB Microchip MPLAB Pr 6 25 2007 11 20 AM 5 MSOCache M Rrrut mew 32KB Microchip MPLAB W 6 25 2007 11 04 AM 5 NotesSoL sj RITut mptags 1KB MPTAGS File 6 25 2007 11 05 AM 5 ORANT sj counter o 82KB OFile 6 25 2007 11 20 AM 5 Program Files E timer o 82KB OFile 6 25 2007 11 20 AM Program Install RITut tagsrc 1KB TAGSRCFile 6 25 2007 11 05 AM Projects E RIUSBLogFile txt OKB Text Document 6 25 2007 11 06 AM MyProject O RrTut 2 PSFONTS Python25 C3 RECYCLER C3 System Volume Information TM1S7 Q WINDOWS EA gt 12 objects Disk free space 66 6 GB E My Computer VIEWING DEBUG OPTIONS Before you begin debugging your code review the default settings of several items In your own projects you may need to set these items differently 4 7 1 Configuration Bits In this tutorial the relevant device Configuration bits are set in the counter c code using the coNFIG1and CONFIG2 directives For information on the function of these PIC24FJ128GA010 configuration register bits see the P C24FJ128GA Family Data Sheet DS39747 Configuration bits also may be set by selecting Configure Configurati
179. r Standardization An organization that sets standards in many businesses and technologies including computing and communications Interrupt A signal to the CPU that suspends the execution of a running application and transfers control to an Interrupt Service Routine ISR so that the event may be processed Upon completion of the ISR normal execution of the application resumes Interrupt Handler A routine that processes special code when an interrupt occurs Interrupt Reguest An event which causes the processor to temporarily suspend normal instruction exe cution and to start executing an interrupt handler routine Some processors have several interrupt request events allowing different priority interrupts Interrupt Service Routine ALU30 C18 C30 A function that handles an interrupt IDE User generated code that is entered when an interrupt occurs The location of the code in program memory will usually depend on the type of interrupt that has occurred Interrupt Vector Address of an interrupt service routine or interrupt handler IRQ See Interrupt Request ISO See International Organization for Standardization ISR See Interrupt Service Routine DS51616C page 152 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Glossary L value An expression that refers to an object that can be examined and or modified An I value expression is used on the left hand side of an assignment Latency The time between an event a
180. ram counter units are equivalent to 2 bytes DS51616C page 158 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Glossary Program Memory IDE The memory area in a device where instructions are stored Also the memory in the emulator or simulator containing the downloaded target application firmware ALU30 C30 The memory area in a device where instructions are stored Project A project contains the files needed to build an application source code linker script files etc along with their associations to various build tools and build options Prologue A portion of compiler generated code that is responsible for allocating stack space pre serving registers and performing any other machine specific reguirement specified in the runtime model This code executes before any user code for a given function Prototype System A term referring to a user s target application or target board PWM Signals Pulse Width Modulation Signals Certain PIC MCU devices have a PWM peripheral Qualifier An address or an address range used by the Pass Counter or as an event before another operation in a complex trigger Radix The number base hex or decimal used in specifying an address RAM Random Access Memory Data Memory Memory in which information can be accessed in any order Raw Data The binary representation of code or data associated with a section Read Only Memory Memory hardware that allows fast access to permanently stored
181. ram of some of the internal interface circuitry of the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator pod is shown For programming no clock is needed on the target device but power must be supplied When programming the emulator puts programming levels on VPP sends clock pulses on PGC and serial data via PGD To verify that the part has been programmed correctly clocks are sent to PGC and data is read back from PGD This conforms to the ICSP protocol of the device under development 2 7 REQUIREMENTS FOR DEBUGGING To debug set breakpoints see registers etc with the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system there are critical elements that must be working correctly The emulator must be connected to a PC It must be powered by the PC via the USB cable and it must be communicating with MPLAB IDE software via the USB cable See Chapter 3 Installation for details The emulator must be connected as shown to the VPP PGC and PGD pins of the target device with the modular interface cable or eguivalent Vss and VDD are also reguired to be connected between the emulator and target device The target device must have power and a functional running oscillator If the target device does not run for whatever reason the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator cannot debug 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 27 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide The target device must have its configuration words programme
182. ranslation for target low voltage operation If the emulator does not sense voltage on its VDD line pin 2 of the interface connector it will not operate DS51616C page 22 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Operation Not all devices have the AVDD and AVSS lines but if they are present on the target device all must be connected to the appropriate levels in order for the emulator to operate In general it is recommended per device data sheet that all VDD AVDD and Vss AVss lines be connected to the appropriate levels Also devices with a VCAP pin like PIC18FXXJ devices should be connected to the appropriate capacitor or other internal regulator device Note The interconnection is very simple Any problems experienced are often caused by other connections or components on these critical lines that interfere with the operation of the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system as discussed in the next section 2 4 4 Circuits That Will Prevent the Emulator From Functioning Figure 2 9 shows the active emulator lines with some components that will prevent the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system from functioning FIGURE 2 9 IMPROPER CIRCUIT COMPONENTS Emulator Pod VPP MCLR E I o I r e E z 5 LL Interface Connector OD rerve UD STATUS Specifically these guidelines must be followed Do not use pull ups on PGC PGD they will divide the voltage levels since these lines have 4
183. rocessor execution Asynchronous Stimulus Data generated to simulate external inputs to a simulator device Attribute Characteristics of variables or functions in a C program which are used to describe machine specific properties Attribute Section Characteristics of sections such as executable readonly or data that can be specified as flags in the assembler section directive Binary The base two numbering system that uses the digits 0 1 The rightmost digit counts ones the next counts multiples of 2 then 2 4 etc Bookmarks Use bookmarks to easily locate specific lines in a file Under the Edit menu select Bookmarks to manage bookmarks Toggle enable disable a bookmark move to the next or previous bookmark or clear all bookmarks Breakpoint Hardware Breakpoint An event whose execution will cause a halt Software Breakpoint An address where execution of the firmware will halt Usually achieved by a special break instruction Build Compile and link all the source files for an application C A general purpose programming language which features economy of expression modern control flow and data structures and a rich set of operators DS51616C page 146 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Glossary Calibration Memory A special function register or registers used to hold values for calibration of a PIC micro controller on board RC oscillator or other device peripherals Central
184. ry space and execution time Communications Medium Native O 140 Port O SPI Device Resources Used Native trace uses the same device resource as data capture they cannot be used at the same time The trace and log information transmitted is identical regardless of the trace method used For TRACE a single value in the range of 64 127 is sent A label generated using this number is automatically inserted into the code so MPLAB IDE can identify in the trace buffer the location which sent the value For LOG a two byte header is sent followed by the value of the variable being logged The first byte indicates the variable type and is a value between 0 and 63 The second byte indicates the location which sent the variable Here the location is represented by a value between 0 and 127 See Section 7 3 10 More on Trace Log ID Numbers Interrupts are disabled during every TRACE and LOG call This is to ensure that trace or log statements at an interrupt level do not interfere with a trace or log statement that may already be in progress at the application level A similar argument holds for protecting statements within a low priority interrupt from being corrupted by ones from a high priority interrupt 7 3 3 Types of Trace Currently there are three types of trace All types are language tool version dependent and stream data real time to MPLAB IDE The pluses and minuses of
185. s 119 P Parallel Trace etri te teats 25 PC Power Down 96 97 128 Performance Pak 132 POC POD eke ecw See 21 22 23 24 27 29 PIC24FJ128GA010 Tutorial 37 PIC32 Instruction Trace 26 84 EM e ERE 19 20 84 PO ice 20 x emt E ee ono 16 18 DS51616C page 166 OPE A o UNES ur 37 Port Hee 25 78 POR Tecna RS E A ts IL 25 Power Down mode 96 97 128 Preserve Program Memory eee 122 Program a 110 120 Program after successful build 122 Program Memory Tab eee 45 Programming 2528 commete nin re eres 57 Command ine 30 70 OptiOris ie nacen eth most 45 Production ote EEN 30 70 Project Wizard tede nee Rp ener 41 68 N E De ii mie tenete AS 23 Push Buttons a ra a a aa a 128 Q Quick Reference Debug Program een 70 FACE sc geed Ee Er ER R Read E eee es oe et 110 120 Reading Recommended 10 Readme uite dana 10 REALICE Taba lado ica 119 Real Time Watch 53 REAEIGEGMD e nne Deme 30 70 Receiver Board High Speed 134 Recomenda edo mi perire 111 Reserved Resources by Device 30 Reset Folds iiit oe cer ms ce Ae ate 120 Release rom AU 120 Reset Processor eossoensnnnnnenssoessnrnnnrrereenesennnene 110 RESISTONS citada dai 23 RIEFOOO ici tai 99 RIEFrO002 gg tt hte ett 99 RIErTT0003 5 SoS Bot tI 99 RIEtTIOQO5 ii HR rtr i ee 99
186. se are consumer applications such as light dimmers vacuum cleaners washing machines and other types of motor based systems where the MCU uses a non isolated power supply DANGER Do could be exposing yourself to dangerous voltage levels not remove the board enclosure Depending on your application you The isolator connects on one end to the Performance Pak high speed cables The isolator connects on the other end to the target using an 8 pin single line ICSP connector See Figure 13 12 To use this board 1 Obtain a Performance Pak AC244002 This board can only be used with the Performance Pak 2 Use this board instead of the high speed receiver board See Section 13 FIGURE 13 12 7 High Speed Communication Hardware for pinouts HIGH SPEED EMULATOR SYSTEM USING ISOLATOR UNIT Emulator Pod 1 CC ANS l STATUS FUNCTION RESET High Speed Driver Board Performance Pak rl Isolator Microchip Isolator Unit Replaces High Speed Receiver Board 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 137 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 13 8 1 Isolator Device Support Note Isolation does not support trace Because of the complexity and high dynamic voltage range the isolator currently provides MCU technology support for only the following devices Some 8 bit devices PIC18FXXJ All 16 bit d
187. something is wrong with the target setup 3 Itis possible that the target device has been damaged in some way e g over current Development environments are notoriously hostile to components Consider trying another target device 4 Microchip Technology Inc offers myriad demonstration boards to support most of its microcontrollers Consider using one of these applications which are known to work to verify correct MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator functionality Or use the Loop Back Test board to verify the emulator itself Section 13 9 Loop Back Test Board 5 Review emulator debug operation to ensure proper application setup Chapter 2 Operation 6 Ifthe problem persists contact Microchip DS51616C page 92 2009 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT MICROCHIP EMULATOR USER S GUIDE Chapter 10 Freguently Asked Ouestions FAO 10 1 INTRODUCTION Look here for answers to freguently asked guestions about the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator system How The Emulator Works How Trace Works 8 and 16 Bit Devices General Issues 10 2 HOW THE EMULATOR WORKS What s in the silicon that allows it to communicate with the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator can communicate with any silicon via the ICSP interface It uses the debug executive located in test memory How is the throughput of the processor affected by having to run the debug executive Th
188. ssful program Here you may allow the emulator to automatically choose the programming ranges recommended or you may select ranges manually The Memories section should have Program checked and EEPROM and ID unchecked When using the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator as a debugger Configuration bits will always be programmed and the Configuration box will be checked and grayed out For the PIC24FJ devices all memory will be erased each time the chip is programmed Therefore in the Program Options section Erase all before Program will have no effect The Program Memory addresses Start and End address set the range of program memory that will be read programmed or verified When debugging code you will frequently repeat the edit rebuild reprogram and run sequence To automate this there are checkboxes Program after successful build and Run after successful program Leave these unchecked for now O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 45 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 4 8 SETTING UP THE DEMO BOARD Before beginning to debug make sure the Explorer 16 Demo Board is set up properly For more information see the Explorer 16 Development Board User s Guide DS51589 4 8 1 Demo Board Settings Settings for this tutorial should be as follows e PIC24FJ128GA010 PIM Plug In Module plugged into the board
189. stay assigned as trig gers until unselected That is even if Enable Trace is unchecked these breakpoints will still be assigned as triggers You must use the Start Stop Triggers pull down menus to unassign these triggers so that they are again breakpoints FIGURE 8 3 PIC32 INSTRUCTION TRACE ENABLE REAL ICE Settings JEJ Program Memory Configuration Trace Freeze on Halt Status Warnings Trace Buffer Size Select the size in bytes of the trace buffer The trace buffer size must be evenly divisible by 8 Max 22 000 000 Number of Bytes 10000 NOTE Due to the trace data compression scheme one byte of trace data may contain between 1 and 7 trace lines gt Enable Trace Stall CPU when Trace Buffer is Full Start Stop Triggers Select an existing Breakpoint to start trace breakpoint must be enabled to start trace No Start Condition always trace v Select an existing Breakpoint to stop trace breakpoint must be enabled to stop trace No Stop Condition Never Stop tracing vi m 8 3 2 4 VIEWING TRACE DATA When trace is enabled and code is run trace data will appear in the Trace window View Trace See Section 4 16 Other Trace Methods PIC32 Instruction Trace for an example of trace data in the Trace window 8 3 3 Trace Hardware Specifications Specifications for hardware that supports PIC32 Instruction Trace are listed below 8 3 3 1
190. struction is executed The trace buffer captures the information that is on the bus at one instance Therefore one trace buffer entry will contain execution information for three instructions The number of cap tured cycles from one piece of information to another for a single instruction execution is referred to as the skew Skid When a hardware breakpoint is used to halt the processor one or more additional instructions may be executed before the processor halts The number of extra instructions executed after the intended breakpoint is referred to as the skid Source Code The form in which a computer program is written by the programmer Source code is written in a formal programming language which can be translated into machine code or executed by an interpreter Source File An ASCII text file containing source code Special Function Registers The portion of data memory RAM dedicated to registers that control I O processor functions I O status timers or other modes or peripherals SQTP See Serialized Quick Turn Programming Stack Hardware Locations in PIC microcontroller where the return address is stored when a function call is made Stack Software Memory used by an application for storing return addresses function parameters and local variables This memory is typically managed by the compiler when developing code in a high level language MPLAB Starter Kit for Device Microchip s starter kits contains everyth
191. t MPLAB IDE will detect and run the complete loop back test and give you a status PASS FAIL The loop back test board detection works by applying a short pulse on EXTO and detecting it on EXT7 on the logic probe connector Section 13 5 4 Logic Probe External Trigger Interface Once the board is detected the emulator applies stimulus to the clock data and VPP lines and reads the sequence back from the logic probe connector interface thus confirming proper signals levels and connectivity down to the connector interfaces 13 10 TARGET BOARD CONSIDERATIONS The target board should be powered according to the requirements of the selected device 1 6V 5 5V and the application Note The emulator cannot power the target The emulator does sense target power There is a 10 KO load on VDD TGT Depending on the type of emulator to target communications used there will be some considerations for target board circuitry Section 2 4 3 Target Connection Circuitry Section 2 4 4 Circuits That Will Prevent the Emulator From Functioning 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 141 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide NOTES DS51616C page 142 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT MICROCHIP EMULATOR USER S GUIDE Appendix A Revision History Revision A September 2006 Initial release of this document Revision B May 2008 Additional chapters Tutorial
192. t debuggers that works with MPLAB IDE The ICDs supports Flash devices with built in debug circuitry The main component of each ICD is the pod A complete system consists of a pod header board with a device ICD target board cables and MPLAB IDE software MPLAB ICE 2000 4000 Not recommended for new designs See the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator Microchip s classic in circuit emulators that work with MPLAB IDE MPLAB ICE 2000 supports 8 bit PIC MCUs MPLAB ICE 4000 supports PIC18F and PIC24 MCUs and dsPIC DSCs The main component of each ICE is the pod A complete system consists of a pod processor module cables and MPLAB IDE software MPLAB IDE Microchip s Integrated Development Environment MPLAB IDE comes with an editor project manager and simulator MPLAB PM3 A device programmer from Microchip Programs PIC18 microcontrollers and dsPIC digital signal controllers Can be used with MPLAB IDE or stand alone Replaces PRO MATE Il MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator Microchip s next generation in circuit emulators that works with MPLAB IDE The MPLAB REAL ICE emulator supports PIC MCUs and dsPIC DSCs The main compo nent of each ICE is the pod A complete system consists of a pod a driver and poten tially a receiver card cables and MPLAB IDE software MPLAB SIM Microchip s simulator that works with MPLAB IDE in support of PIC MCU and dsPIC DSC devices MPLIB Object Librarian Microchip s librarian that
193. t to the target Target Detected If a target is found the device ID of the target device will be displayed as read from the device in hexadecimal format Note The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator works with devices that have built in debug circuitry Therefore the emulator needs a target device to function as a debugger 124 PROGRAMMING FUNCTIONS When you select the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator from the Programmer menu program items will be added to the following MPLAB IDE functions Programmer Menu Toolbars Status Bar 12 4 4 Programmer Menu Program Program specified memory areas program memory Configuration bits ID locations and or EEPROM data See the Settings dialog for programming options Verify Verify programming of specified memory areas program memory Configuration bits ID locations and or EEPROM data Read Read specified memory areas program memory Configuration bits ID locations and or EEPROM data See the Settings dialog for read options Blank Check All Check to see that all device memory is erased blank Erase Flash Device Erase all Flash memory Release from Reset Tristate MCLR Hold in Reset Set MCLR to ground zero DS51616C page 120 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Emulator Function Summary Settings Open the Programmer dialog see Section 12 5 Settings Dialog Set up program and firmware options 12 4 2 When the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator
194. the last Find Go To Jump to the specified item Trigger Jump to the location of the trigger Top Jump to the top of the window Bottom Jump to the bottom of the window Go To Trace Line Go to the trace line specified in the dialog Go To Source Line Open a File window and go to the source code line corresponding to the selected trace line Show Source Show hide the source code listing on the bottom of the window The window bar dividing the trace and source code may be dragged to resize each portion Reload Reload the trace memory window with the contents of the trace buffer Output to File Export the contents of the trace memory window to a file Uses a Save As dialog with the addition of cycle and tab information Enter a Start and End cycle to write to the file Also specify if the text is to be tab delimited Print Print the contents of the trace memory window Refresh Refresh the viewable contents of the window Properties Set up window properties DS51616C page 118 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Emulator Function Summary 12 3 12 Build Options Dialog Trace Tab Device Dependent To enable disable trace and select the type of trace select Project gt Build Options gt Proj ect and then click on the Trace tab If this tab is visible then your selected device supports this type of trace Use this tab to enable and set up emulator trace If this tab is not visible see
195. the selected line __ TRACE id where idis a line trace number auto generated during the build 3 Rebuild the project Project gt Build All 4 After rebuilding a Warning dialog will ask File has been modified Do you want to reload if you have not already disabled this dialog Click Yes When you examine your code you will find that the log i a has been replaced with a unique number 5 Reprogram the device Debugger Program Run the program until it halts at the breakpoint Repeat this three times 7 Select View Traceto view the trace data Section 12 3 11 Trace Window or right click and in the Trace window and select Reload You should see address values logged in this window To see the related code in the lower portion of the window you may need to click on a logged value in the upper portion of the win dow o FIGURE 4 21 VIEW TRACE WINDOW TRACE LINE Trace Quay Program Address 00000250 00000250 00000250 C Projects RlTut counter c 36 while 1 e 37 Wait for Timerl overflow 38 if TimerIsOverflowEvent 39 TRACE 0x40 40 counter increment counter a1 NANTE A Z ZA ss len aw marte TD M lt gt To trace multiple lines of code you must place a macro before each line that you wish to trace 4 13 3 Setting the Size of the Trace Buffer In this tutorial a breakpoint was used to ensure that the trace buffer did
196. through execution during interrupt processing Relaxation The process of converting an instruction to an identical but smaller instruction This is useful for saving on code size MPLAB ASM30 currently knows how to RELAX a CALL instruction into an RCALL instruction This is done when the symbol that is being called is within 32k instruction words from the current instruction Relocatable An object whose address has not been assigned to a fixed location in memory Relocatable Section ALUSO A section whose address is not fixed absolute The linker assigns addresses to relocatable sections through a process called relocation Relocation A process performed by the linker in which absolute addresses are assigned to relo catable sections and all symbols in the relocatable sections are updated to their new addresses ROM Read Only Memory Program Memory Memory that cannot be modified Run The command that releases the emulator from halt allowing it to run the application code and change or respond to I O in real time Run time Model Describes the use of target architecture resources Scenario For MPLAB SIM simulator a particular setup for stimulus control Section A portion of an application located at a specific address of memory Section Attribute A characteristic ascribed to a section e g an access section Sequenced Breakpoints Breakpoints that occur in a sequence Sequence execution of breakpoints is bo
197. to display debug options once the tool is selected Also the Output window will open and messages concerning ICE status and communications will be displayed on the MPLAB REAL ICE tab For more information see Section 12 2 Debugging Functions and Section 12 3 Debugging Dialogs Windows Select Programmer gt Select Programmer gt MPLAB REAL ICE to choose the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator as the programmer tool The Programmer menu and MPLAB IDE toolbar will change to display programmer options once the tool is selected Also the Output window will open and messages concerning ICE status and communications will be displayed on the MPLAB REAL ICE tab For more information see Section 12 4 Programming Functions Based on your selected device updated debug firmware may need to be downloaded into the device You should allow this to progress automatically If you need to download manually or if you interrupted the download see Chapter 10 Frequently Asked Questions FAQ 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 69 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Select Debugger gt Settings or Programmer gt Settings to open the Settings dialog Section 12 5 Settings Dialog and set up options as needed These options include Program Memory Memory programming options including preserving a range of program memory and automating the debug built program run procedure Warnings Ena
198. tool MPLAB REAL ICE as well as other development informa tion is displayed in the status bar on the bottom of the MPLAB IDE desktop Refer to the MPLAB IDE on line help for information on the contents of the status bar O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 111 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 12 3 DEBUGGING DIALOGS WINDOWS Open the following debug dialogs and windows using the menu items mentioned in Section 12 2 Debugging Functions Breakpoints Dialog Set Breakpoint Dialog Stopwatch Dialog Event Breakpoints Dialog Sequenced Breakpoints Dialog AND Dialog Triggers Dialog Add External Trigger Dialog Watch Window Data Capture Runtime Watch Data Capture Properties Dialog Trace Window Build Options Dialog Trace Tab Device Dependent Output Window REAL ICE Tab 12 3 1 Breakpoints Dialog To set up breakpoints select Debugger gt Breakpoints Set up different types of breakpoints in this dialog Click on Add Breakpoint to add breakpoints to the dialog window Depending on your selected device there may be other buttons for more advanced breakpoint options 12 3 1 1 BREAKPOINT DIALOG WINDOW Information about each breakpoint is visible in this window TABLE 12 1 BREAKPOINT DIALOG WINDOW Control Function Breakpoint Type Type of breakpoint program or data Address Hex address of breakpoint location File Line File name and line nu
199. tor is required See Section 2 5 2 SPI Trace Connections High Speed Communication Only for more information 4 15 1 1 HARDWARE SETUP To set up the hardware to use SPI Trace do the following 1 Obtain Microchip s Performance Pak which contains the emulator high speed communication boards and cables if you have not already done so Note High speed communications is required to use SPI Trace 2 Modify or create a target board as specified above so that it accommodates the high speed connector 8 Using an unpowered emulator and target board insert the high speed driver board into the emulator and the high speed receiver board into the target board Connect the boards with the included cables See Section 2 3 2 High Speed Communication for reference 4 Power the emulator and then the target board DS51616C page 58 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Tutorial 4 15 1 2 MPLAB IDE SETUP To set up MPLAB IDE software to use SPI Trace do the following 1 Launch MPLAB IDE and open the project from this tutorial if it is not already open 2 If the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator is selected as the programmer dis able it by selecting Programmer gt Select Programmer gt None 3 Enable the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator as the debug tool by selecting Debugger gt Select Tool gt REAL ICE 4 On the Project toolbar select Debug from the Build Configuration drop down list For some devices an i
200. tor system Includes a description of how to use the loop back test board DS51616C page 8 2009 Microchip Technology Inc CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS GUIDE Preface The following conventions may appear in this documentation TABLE 1 DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS Description Represents Examples Arial font Italic Referenced books MPLAB IDE User s Guide Emphasized text is the only compiler Initial caps A window the Output window A dialog the Settings dialog A menu selection select Enable Programmer Quotes A field name in a window or Save project before build dialog Underlined italic text with A menu path File gt Save right angle bracket Bold A dialog button Click OK A tab Click the Power tab Text in angle brackets lt gt A key on the keyboard Press lt Enter gt lt F1 gt Courier font Plain Sample source code define START Filenames autoexec bat File paths c mcci8 h Keywords _asm _endasm static Command line options Opa Opa Bit values 0 1 Constants OxFF A Italic A variable argument file o where file can be any valid filename Square brackets Optional arguments mpasmwin options file options Curly brackets and pipe character Choice of mutually exclusive arguments an OR selection errorlevel 011 Ellipses Replaces repeated text var name var name
201. ttom up the last breakpoint in the sequence occurs first Serialized Quick Turn Programming Serialization allows you to program a serial number into each microcontroller device that the Device Programmer programs This number can be used as an entry code password or ID number SFR See Special Function Registers DS51616C page 160 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Glossary Shell The MPASM assembler shell is a prompted input interface to the macro assembler There are two MPASM assembler shells one for the DOS version and one for the Windows version Simulator A software program that models the operation of devices Single Step This command steps though code one instruction at a time After each instruction MPLAB IDE updates register windows watch variables and status displays so you can analyze and debug instruction execution You can also single step C compiler source code but instead of executing single instructions MPLAB IDE will execute all assembly level instructions generated by the line of the high level C statement Skew The information associated with the execution of an instruction appears on the proces sor bus at different times For example the executed opcodes appears on the bus as a fetch during the execution of the previous instruction the source data address and value and the destination data address appear when the opcodes is actually executed and the destination data value appears when the next in
202. tval struct char lo accessible as caster lo char hi accessible as caster hi ji caster ANSI American National Standards Institute is an organization responsible for formulating and approving standards in the United States Application A set of software and hardware that may be controlled by a PIC microcontroller 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 145 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Archive A collection of relocatable object modules It is created by assembling multiple source files to object files and then using the archiver to combine the object files into one library file A library can be linked with object modules and other libraries to create executable code Archiver A tool that creates and manipulates libraries ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange is a character set encoding that uses 7 binary digits to represent each character It includes upper and lower case letters digits symbols and control characters Assembler A language tool that translates assembly language source code into machine code Assembly Language A programming language that describes binary machine code in a symbolic form Assigned Section A section which has been assigned to a target memory block in the linker command file Asynchronously Multiple events that do not occur at the same time This is generally used to refer to interrupts that may occur at any time during p
203. uit Emulator User s Guide NOTES DS51616C page 72 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc MPLAB REAL ICE IN CIRCUIT MICROCHIP EMULATOR USER S GUIDE Chapter 6 Basic Debug Functions 6 1 INTRODUCTION Basic MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator debug functions are discussed e Breakpoints and Stopwatch External Triggers 6 2 BREAKPOINTS AND STOPWATCH Use breakpoints to halt code execution at specified lines in your code Use the stopwatch with breakpoints to time code execution Breakpoints and real time data capture triggers use the same resources Therefore the available number of breakpoints is actually the available number of combined breakpoints triggers The number of hardware and software breakpoints available and or used is displayed in the Device Debug Resource toolbar See the MPLAB IDE documentation for more on this feature To select hardware or software breakpoints 1 Select Debugger gt Settings and click the Configuration tab 2 Select the desired type of breakpoints for your application A list of features for each breakpoint type hardware or software is shown under that type See Section 12 5 2 Settings Dialog Configuration Tab for more information Note Using software breakpoints for debug impacts device endurance Therefore it is recommended that devices used in this manner not be used as production parts To set a breakpoint in code do one of the following Double click or
204. un ROVER 102 RIErTOO5O rout eer ta eu ur 102 PIE WMOO5 Te cocido ee 102 SUE 5t nes Re nine toners ns 102 RIETDODO cocoa aaa 102 RIErTODOO cnet ee ae de t ht 102 RIErtQO61 cata aie el ete 103 RIErTOOG2 nire oe e tbe et 103 RIErTOOG3 tement nement 103 RIErTOOG4 nete ree 103 RIErTO065 ee ee edd trees 103 RIEDER n nidis nt dede DEVE 103 IESEL 103 SaO E PR date 103 RIEITOO69 5 Re ER ege heus 103 RIEFTOO Z0 tee tei i 103 RIErTOOT aite seeded 103 HIERZ eessen 103 IECH ergett matin kes dod deed 103 RIErr0080 52e none eite 103 RME cy een tes era nen dere enge een Ft ee ee 109 Run after successful program 122 Running COGde nt tresses en 47 Runtime Watch 75 83 116 125 S Schematics 100 Pin PIM eee 87 Secure Segments eee eee 125 Selecting Device and Development Mode 38 Serial Trace ecce ete hee tete 24 Set a Breakpoint AA 48 Setting Program and Debug Options 48 44 Setting Up Hardware and Software 37 Software Breakpoints eeeeeeeeeeeen 52 SP Trace iii 24 78 SOUP ice cack io algas taky ne weston or e 70 Stal GPU iium UXORES 85 123 Standard Communication 18 A 21 Driver Board 130 Start Stop Triggers sse 123 Sl6p abet mn Mint 110 Lal e EE 51 73 T Table Read Protect 28 Target Connection CIECUILE iiie oerte trae res 22 High Speed A tete sure 22 VO Porta E
205. unication Error Actions 11 3 GENERAL CORRECTIVE ACTIONS These general corrective actions may solve your problem Read Write Error Actions Emulator to Target Communication Error Actions Emulator to PC Communication Error Actions Corrupted Installation Actions USB Port Communication Error Actions Debug Failure Actions Internal Error Actions O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 103 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 11 3 1 Read Write Error Actions If you receive a read or write error 1 Did you hit Abort This may produce read write errors 2 Try the action again It may be a one time error 3 Ensure that the target is powered and at the correct voltage levels for the device See the device data sheet for reguired device voltage levels 4 Ensure that the emulator to target connection is correct PGC and PGD are connected 5 For write failures ensure that Erase all before Program is checked on the Program Memory tab of the Settings dialog 6 Ensure that the cables used are of the correct length 11 3 2 Emulator to Target Communication Error Actions The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator and the target device are out of synch with each other 1 Select Reset and then try the action again 2 Ensure that the cable s used are of the correct length 11 3 3 Emulator to PC Communication Error Actions The MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator and MPLAB IDE are out of synch wit
206. untime watch options or right click on a diamond to pop up a menu with options for only data capture or a runtime watch Update Menu Data Capture Menu Runtime Watch Menu Address Symbol Address and Symbol Address Symbol Address and Symbol name of item in the Watch window to which name of item in the Watch window to which data capture will apply the runtime watch will apply Set Data Capture Enable data capture Set Runtime Watch Enable runtime function watch function Remove Data Capture Disable data Remove Runtime Watch Disable runtime capture function watch function Data Capture Properties Open the Data N A Capture Properties Dialog Remove All Updates Disable all updates Remove All Updates Disable all updates data captures and runtime watches data captures and runtime watches DS51616C page 116 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Emulator Function Summary 12 3 9 2 SYMBOL SUPPORT To see if a symbol supports data capture or runtime watch add the symbol to the Watch window and see if the above diamonds appear in the Update column next to the sym bol In general supported symbol types include SFRs variables and structure and array members for some devices Note The emulator simply displays data address SFR information that is sent over the device ICE bus Not all SFRs are on the device ICE bus notably SFRs in the core
207. using trace pins TRCLK and TRD3 0 are used Therefore you cannot use the other functions multiplexed on these pins For PIC32MX360F512L multiplexed functions are RG14 12 and RA7 6 FIGURE 8 1 TRACE CONNECTION WITH PIM Emulator Pod Communication Cable s Trace Cable FUNCTION RESET Trace Adapter STATUS D active DS51616C page 84 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Debug for 32 Bit Devices 8 3 2 2 HARDWARE SETUP PIC32MX MCU ON TARGET When designing instruction trace capability onto your own board the following provi sions will need to be made Termination series resistors will need to be added as depicted in Figure 8 5 Depending on your board routing and loading of the signals used for trace it is a good idea to place 0 ohm resistors that can be unpopulated to isolate the trace signals TRCLK and TRD3 0 To use the PIC32 Instruction Trace feature with your own board do the following 1 The target board should initially be unpowered 2 Install communication cable s between the emulator and your target board See Section 2 4 Target Communication Connections 3 Connect the trace cable from the target board to the trace adapter board Make sure the PIC32MX MCU on your target board is connected to accommodate trace as per Figure 8 5 4 Plug the trace adapter board into the MPLAB REAL ICE in circuit emulator logic probe port The top of the adapter boar
208. utput ADIPCFG Oxffff TRISA Ox0000 Set up Timeri TimerInit Initialize variables INIT COUNT counter while 1 Wait for Timerl overflow if TimerIsOverflowEvent increment counter display on port LEDs counter PORTA counter ARENA OL End of while loop End of main ee x 5 Opena new Watch window to watch the counter variable change value as the program executes Select View gt Watch The Watch dialog opens with the Watch_1 tab selected Select counter from the list next to Add Symbol and then click the button counter is added to the Watch window Select PORTA from the list next to Add SFR and then click the button PORTA is added to the Watch window The selected symbols should now be visible in the Watch window as shown in Figure 4 13 FIGURE 4 13 WATCH WINDOW Watch aax Add SFR ADICHS x SP v Update Address Symbol Name Value 0850 02C2 counter PORTA Y Watch Watch2 Watch3 Watch 4 ox0000 Ox0000 6 Select Debugger gt Run or click the Run toolbar button to run the program once again The program will halt at the breakpoint and you will notice that the value of both variables has incremented by 1 7 Run again as desired to see the values increase When done use Debug ger gt Reset gt Processor Reset or click the Reset toolbar button to reset the pro cessor
209. version of the linker script is also necessary for debugging e g 18F8722i 1kr 4 15 1 3 TRACE SETUP To log a variable value using SPI Trace 1 Select Project gt Build Options gt Project Trace tab Check Enable Trace and uncheck Disable Trace Macros Then select the SPI Trace and choose an SPI port from the drop down list Click OK FIGURE 4 22 BUILD OPTIONS DIALOG SPI TRACE Build Options For Project RITut mcp MPLAB ASM30 MPLAB C30 MPLAB LINK30 Directories Trace ASM30 C30 Suite Enable Trace Disable Trace Macros Trace macros require program memory space and execution time Communications Medium O Native O 10 Part SPI Sp v Device Resources Used Once selected the SPI pins will be dedicated to trace they will be lost for general use 2 Highlight the variable counter from the following line of code counter increment counter Right click on the highlighted variable and select Log Selected C Value from the pop up menu This causes the following macro line to be inserted above the line containing the variable __LOG id counter where id is a log number auto generated during build 3 Rebuild the project Project gt Build All 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 59 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 4 After rebuilding a Warning dialog will ask File has been modified Do you want to reload Click Yes
210. vice and not multiplexed with the currently used PGC and PGM pins Of the 7 data and one clock which one is the clock There are 7 bits of data to set up to 128 trace points The clock is the MSB of the port Are these I O ports used for trace available as general I O during debugging For dsPIC30F 33F and PIC24F H devices you may write to the opposing 8 bit part of the port provided byte write operations are used The following example will only write to the high side of the port define high num BYTE amp num 1 define low num BYTE amp num 0 high PORTA 0x12 For PIC18 devices once the ports are defined to be used for trace you should not access them in your code 2009 Microchip Technology Inc DS51616C page 95 MPLAB REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 10 4 GENERAL ISSUES cannot get trace to work What s wrong Things to consider Certain tool versions are required to use trace Please refer to either Chapter 7 Debug for 8 and 16 Bit Devices or Chapter 8 Debug for 32 Bit Devices For dsPIC30F 33F and PIC24F H devices only C code can be used with trace not assembly In line assembly code assembly code within C code cannot be traced Native trace and real time data capture triggers cannot be used together For Port I O Trace all 8 pins must be dedicated to trace i e not multiplexed with the currently used PGC and PGM pins For
211. w of Modular Connector 6 Not Used on Target Board 5 RB6 4 RB7 3 Ground 2 VDD Target 1 VPP Bottom view of Modular Connector Pinout on Target Board 13 7 HIGH SPEED COMMUNICATION HARDWARE For high speed emulator communication with a target Section 2 3 2 High Speed Communication use the Performance Pak AC244002 The Performance Pak includes a High Speed Driver Board a High Speed Receiver Board LVDS Cables and Target Pinout To use this type of communication with a header board you will need a device specific Processor Pak which includes an 8 pin connector header board containing the desired ICE ICD device and a standard adapter board 8 pin to 6 pin connection Note You will not need the standard adapter board for high speed communica tions Instead you will plug the 8 pin connector end of the high speed receiver board directly into the 8 pin connector of the header board For more on available header boards see the Header Board Specification in Recommended Reading __ _ _ _ _ 2 urL MvQ ur DS51616C page 132 O 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Hardware Specification 13 7 1 High Speed Driver Board The high speed driver board consists of two separate multipoint LVDS Low Voltage Differential Signal transmitters and receivers for clock and data Multipoint LVDS requires 100 ohm terminations at each driver output and receiver input per the standard and multipoint

MPLAB REAL ICE In-Circuit Emulator User's Guide

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