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R&S FSW User Manual - Rohde & Schwarz Norway

1. Right Limit 26 5 GHz Maximum Number of Peaks Threshold E 120 0 dBm Use Zoom Limits Off mfia Search Limits Off Peak Excursion Display Marker Numbers Export Decimal Separator a Comma O Peak List SUG IC vais ites exveccncdasexwadendeedexsadecietcctadetuaxavcvenigcuanenesitaseutencd dateantucs eateandudkvendewnd 469 occa a reaste aes sscere E ened omen ease sis ea nese en tain oe aoe faeacteeenanceeneStenaunnsees 470 Maximum Number of OS iris seen de tccindicrnodosunaeaaccwenedwmnacdoe neaadusddoser tant dhosersactaeueasemanns ie 470 Faak EXCUS ee ne nn ee eee eee eee 470 Displaying Marker NUMDGPG 0cccceecessececeeeeeeeeceeeesaeeesaeeeeaeeeeeesaseesaeeeeeeeeseaeeneess 470 Exporting the TFPI sos eine mika cnnecdaasddiiesin indinawseinuinmuarinandemsacdeveanQdebouideanttenpenaiacecsaieunceatd 470 Peak List State Activates deactivates the marker peak list If activated the peak list is displayed and the peaks are indicated in the trace display User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 469 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions SEE EE EEE EE EE Marker Usage For each listed peak the frequency time X value and level Y value values are given Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion FPEaks STAT on page 882 Sort Mode Defines whether the peak list is sorted according to the x values or y values In either case the values are sorted in a
2. 8 Place the delta marker on the 2 harmonic in the Marker To menu select the Peak softkey The delta marker moves to the maximum of the 2 harmonic The displayed level result is relative to the reference point level fundamental wave level The other harmonics are measured by repeating steps step 7 and step 8 with the center frequency being incremented or decremented in steps of 128 MHz using the UP or DOWN keys 7 5 Display and Limit Lines Display and limit lines help you analyze a measurement trace e IS on Display nig cdiec ts sone hoeneenseusedectasedacnonccysendoxeadesheudesessdeumnesiieneietaanteedese 475 e PoE ONLNE 2 eee cee nen een ene meee nee eee eee ee eee 475 e Settings and Functions for Display and Limit Lines cccceseceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeees 478 e How to Work with Display and Limit LINGS cc cecceeccsececeeeeeeeecseeseeeseeeeneeesaees 485 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 474 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions 7 5 1 7 5 2 Display and Limit Lines Basics on Display Lines Display lines help you analyze a trace as do markers The function of a display line is comparable to that of a ruler that can be shifted on the trace in order to mark absolute values They are used exclusively to visually mark relevant frequencies or points in time zero span as well as constant level values It is not possible to check automatically whether the points are below or
3. 9 6 7 How to Work with the Soft Front Panels Basic operation with the soft front panels is identical to normal operation except for the following aspects To activate a key select the key on the touch screen To simulate the use of the rotary knob use the additional keys displayed between the keypad and the arrow keys oo p Mini Front Panel The Mini Front Panel provides only the hardkeys on the touchscreen in order to operate the R amp S FSW via an external monitor or remote desktop By default the Auto close option is activated and the Mini Front Panel window closes automatically after you select a key This is useful if you only require the Mini Front Panel display occassionally to press a single function key User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 551 How to Configure the Basic Instrument Settings If you want the window to remain open deactivate the Auto close option You can close the window manually by selecting Close Panel or the key combination ALT M be aware of the keyboard language defined in the operating system To display the soft front panel or mini front panel 1 Press the SETUP key and select the Display softkey 2 Select the Displayed Items tab 3 Select Front Panel On or Mini Front Panel On To activate or deactivate the front panel temporarily press the F6 key on the external keyboard if available or on the remote computer
4. Trace Configuration e Mapping Samples to Sweep Points with the Trace Detector cccccseceeeeees 406 e Analyzing Several Traces Trace MOdE cccsseccsseccsseceueeseseceueecaeeeeaeecueesaaes 408 e How Many Traces are Averaged Sweep Count Sweep Mode cc00e008 409 e How Trace Data is Averaged the Averaging MOde ccccssccssseeeeeeeeeeeseeeeseees 410 e Combining Several Trace Results Trace Math Evaluation ccccccceeeseeeees 411 a T E see ss sec ss cee pace A T E io 411 Mapping Samples to Sweep Points with the Trace Detector A trace displays the power values measured at the sweep points During a frequency sweep the R amp S FSW increments the first local oscillator in steps that are smaller than approximately 1 10 of the bandwidth This ensures that the oscillator step speed is con form to the hardware settling times and does not affect the precision of the measured power The number of samples taken during a sweep is independent of the number of oscillator steps and is much larger than the number of sweep points that are displayed in the measurement trace Example Assume the following measurement parameters e Sample rate 32 MSamples s e Sweep points 1000 e Sweep time 100 ms Span 5 GHz During a single sweep 3 2 10 samples are collected and distributed to 1000 sweep points i e 3200 samples are collected per sweep point For each sweep point the mea sure
5. User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 398 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions 7 1 2 Result Display Configuration You can define search and sort criteria to influence the results of the analysis see Marker Search Settings on page 450 2 Marker Peak List No Stimulus 64 400000 MHz Remote command LAY ADD 1 RIGH PEAK see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 756 Results CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt X on page 860 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt Y on page 871 Result Summary Result summaries provide the results of specific measurement functions in a table for numerical evaluation The contents of the result summary vary depending on the selected measurement function See the description of the individual measurement functions for details 2 Result Summary Channel Bandwidth Offset Power TX1 Ref 1 229 MHz 0 86 dBm Tx tal 7 3 0 86 dBm channe Ower A jj vl O Z 750 gt r iZ 79 59 dB 80 34 dB Alti O00 kHz 1 980 MHz 85 04 dB 83 85 dB Remote command LAY ADD 1 RIGH RSUM see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 756 Spectrogram A spectrogram shows how the spectral density of a signal varies over time The x axis shows the frequency or sweep time the y axis shows the measurement time A third dimension the power level is indicated by different colors Thus you can see how the strength of the signal varies over time for different frequencies The spectrogram display consists of two dia
6. User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 477 R amp S FSW MultiView Spectrum Ref Level 0 00 dBm RBW 50 kHz Att 10dB SWT 84us VBW SOkHZ Mode Auto FFT Limit Check MARG Line UPPER LIMIT LINE MARG CF 20 0 MHz 1001 pts Fig 7 15 Margin violation for limit check MultiView Spectrum Ref Level 0 00 dBm RBW 500 kHz Att 10 dB SWT Sus VBW SOOkHZ Mode Auto FFT Limit Cherk Line UPPERLIMIT CF 20 0 MHz 1001 pts Fig 7 16 Limit violation for limit check 7 5 3 For remote operation see on page 893 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 Common Analysis and Display Functions a 75 83 dBm 20 04000 MHz 13 38 dB 3 73630 MHz 500 0 kHz Span 5 0 MHz e D2 1 53 97 dB 3 3970 MHz Mi 1 84 81 dBm 30 0000 MHz Span 40 0 MHz 4 0 MHz Settings and Functions for Display and Limit Lines 478 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions poo a SSN T_T Display and Limit Lines Pecos ADISDIA Line Setting Seeriad iaa a Ea E AAN EEA 479 7 5 3 2 Limit Line Settings and FUNCTIONS cccccceeecceeeeceseeeceeeeceeeceueeceeeeeceeeseeesseeeseas 479 Limit Line Management cccccsccsesecceeceseeeecseeccseeseuecseuceseesesseeecueeseuecseusensesenseees 480 Amt GNE Detalls srren a ei a a aa a iai 482 7 5 3 1 Display Line Settings Two vertical and two horizontal lines can be defined in the display Limit Lines Display Lines Vertical Line 1 E Vertical Line 2 E Horizontal Line
7. General Instrument Setup 9 3 4 5 General Instrument Settings updated self alignment fails To see which components are not supported see the Sys tem Messages The firmware on your R amp S FSW may also need to be updated in order to enable additional new features or if reasons for improvement come up Ask your sales representative or check the Rohde amp Schwarz website for availability of firmware updates A firmware update package includes at least a setup file and release notes Before updating the firmware on your instrument read the release notes delivered with the firmware version As of firmware version 1 60 administrator rights are no longer required to perform a firmware update The firmware can be updated in the Firmware Update tab of the System Configura tion dialog box m Hardware Info Versions Options System Messages Firmware Update Moco EMM cc i _j Program Files _j Program Files x86 Enter the name or browse for the firmware installation file and press the Install button Preset The default operating mode is Signal and Spectrum Analyzer mode SAN however the presetting can be changed to Multi Standard Radio Analysis MSRA The defined oper ating mode is activated when you switch on the R amp S FSW or press the PRESET key The presettings can be defined in the Preset tab of the System Configuration dialog box User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 527 R amp S F
8. Reference Frequency Output A reference frequency can be provided by the R amp S FSW to other devices that are con nected to this instrument If one of the following options is activated the reference signal is output to the corresponding connector Output 100 MHz Provides a 100 MHz reference signal to the REF OUTPUT 100 MHZ connector Ouput 640 MHz Provides a 640 MHz reference signal to the REF OUTPUT 640 MHZ connector Output Sync Trigger Provides a 100 MHz reference signal to the SYNC TRIGGER OUTPUT connector Remote command SENSe ROSCillator 0100 on page 931 SENSe ROSCillator 0640 on page 931 SENSe ROSCillator SYNC on page 933 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 517 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup 9 3 2 9 3 2 1 General Instrument Settings Resetting the Default Values The values for the Tuning Range Frequency and Loop Bandwidth are stored for each source of Reference Frequency Input Thus when you switch the input source the previously defined settings are restored You can restore the default values for all input sources using the Preset Channel function Transducer Settings Up to 8 transducer lines can be activated simultaneously in the R amp S FSW Many more can be stored on the instrument The transducer settings are defined in the Transducer dialog box which is displayed when you press the SETUP key and then select Transducer Transducers can also be defined wh
9. values For relative values the frequencies are referred to the currently set center frequency In the zero span mode the left boundary of the diagram is used as the reference e Scaling linear or logarithmic Remote command CALCulate LIMit lt k gt LOWer SPACing on page 899 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt UPPer SPACing on page 902 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt LOWer MODE on page 898 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt UPPer MODE on page 901 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt CONTrol DOMain on page 896 Y Axis Describes the vertical axis on which the data points of the limit line are defined Includes the following settings e Level unit Scaling mode absolute or relative dB values Relative limit values refer to the reference level e Limit type upper or lower limit values must stay above the lower limit and below the upper limit to pass the limit check Remote command CALCulate LIMit lt k gt UNIT on page 900 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt LOWer SPACing on page 899 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt UPPer SPACing on page 902 Data points Each limit line is defined by a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 200 data points Each data point is defined by its position x axis and value y value Data points must be defined in ascending order The same position can have two different values Remote command CALCulate LIMit lt k gt CONTrol DATA on page 896 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt LOWer DATA on page 898 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt UPPer DATA on page 900 User Manual 11
10. QuickSavex The selected settings are stored to the file Co r s instr user QuickSave QuickSavex dil 4 To restore the settings select the DA Open icon from the toolbar 5 Select the save set in which the settings were stored QuickSaveX The selected settings are restored to the instrument or channel To save configurable instrument settings 1 Select the EJ Save icon from the toolbar 2 Inthe Save dialog box switch to the Save tab 3 Inthe file selection dialog box select a file name and storage location for the settings file 4 Optionally define a comment to describe the stored settings 5 Select whether the instrument settings for all channels are to be stored or only those for the current channel 6 Select the items to be saved with the settings Either the settings for the currently selected channel only or for all channels can be stored and various other items such as lines or traces etc can be stored as well see chapter 8 2 2 1 Stored Data Types on page 493 7 Select Save A file with the defined name and path and the extension df1 is created To recall configurable instrument settings 1 Select the Ef Open icon from the toolbar 2 Inthe Recall dialog box switch to the Recall tab 3 Inthe file selection dialog box select the file name and storage location of the settings file Note The File Type indicates whether the file contains instrument settings for all chan
11. The color mapping function assigns a specified color to a specified power level in the spectrogram display By default colors on the color map are distributed evenly However if a certain area of the value range is to be visualized in greater detail than the rest you can set the focus of the color mapping to that area Changing the focus is performed by changing the shape of the color curve The color curve is a tool to shift the focus of the color distribution on the color map By default the color curve is linear If you shift the curve to the left or right the distribution becomes non linear The slope of the color curve increases or decreases One end of the color palette then covers a large amount of results while the other end distributes several colors over a relatively small result range You can use this feature to put the focus on a particular region in the diagram and to be able to detect small variations of the signal User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 415 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions 2 Trace Configuration Example Fig 7 6 Linear color curve shape 0 colors are distributed evenly over the complete result range In the color map based on the linear color curve the range from 105 5 dBm to 60 dBm is covered by blue and a few shades of green only The range from 60 dBm to 20 dBm is covered by red yellow and a few shades of green Fig 7 7 Spectrogram with default color curve The sample
12. matically and a message box informs you about the process When the reconfigu ration has finished the instrument again reboots automatically Note Do not switch off the instrument during the reconfiguration process Now the firmware update is complete It is recommended that you perform a self alignment after the update see chapter 9 6 2 How to Align the Instrument and the Touch Screen on page 546 9 6 5 How to Configure the Transducer Configuring the transducer is very similar to configuring limit lines The transducer settings are defined in the Transducer dialog box which is displayed when you press the SETUP key and then select Transducer The following tasks are described e How to find compatible transducer lines on page 548 e How to activate and deactivate a transducer on page 548 e How to edit existing transducer lines on page 548 e How to copy an existing transducer line on page 549 e How to delete an existing transducer line on page 549 e How to configure a new transducer line on page 549 e How to move the transducer line vertically or horizontally on page 550 How to find compatible transducer lines gt Inthe Transducer dialog box select the View filter option Show compatible All transducer lines stored on the instrument that are compatible to the current mea surement settings are displayed in the overview How to activate and deactivate a transducer 1 To activate a transduc
13. 02 13 459 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Marker Usage i Signal counters are not available for measurements on I Q based data Signal Count Marker iris dictadecunnacadeuicunsesiiewasautiacdateadvencseubtaceusensevaiaewteuadilneogueguedcusd 460 STS ee ee een ee T A E EE TE T A ETT 460 Signal Count Marker State Activates or deactivates the special signal count marker function When activated the sweep stops at the reference marker until the signal counter has delivered a result Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt COUNt on page 890 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt COUNt FREQuency on page 890 Resolution Defines the resolution with which the signal is analyzed around the reference marker 1 Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt COUNt RESolution on page 891 Noise Measurement Marker For each of the 16 markers noise measurement can be activated Noise measurement markers are configured in the Noise Measurement Config dialog box using the Noise Measurement function The individual marker settings correspond to those defined in the Marker dialog box see Individual Marker Setup on page 445 Any settings to the marker state or type changed in the Marker Function dialog box are also changed in the Marker dialog box and vice versa To display the Noise Measurement Config dialog box do one of the following e Press the MKR FUNC key then select the Selec
14. 30 58 dBm 64 4360 MHz A 4 f 7 7 j i i r f 4 J i t Ji a yey Ti Naf aN s nfl AAA own j Rin J h mf nt Tad mM n auf j ARAA AE YN j Yew i y paii Hi fs Viv a ig yr Mi n vin Win uy va yi WY W Why vy vy vy 1 CF 500 0 MHz 32001 pts 100 0 MHz2 Span 1 0 GHZ P a e 2i 4 t 22 23 CF 67 6724 16 5 26 Span 52 5867 CF 322 844 S1 b5 9 Span 159 48 CF 516 810 w 4 Span 54 310 2 Marker Peak List E semans Response N6 stimulus 1 64 014000 MH 30 311 dBm 9 75 998000 MHz 2 127 949000 MHz 52 179 in k 192 010000 MHz 945000 M 320 006000 M ee Re aa o Of 09 GO o gt S i gt 512 093000 MHz Fig 7 2 Multiple zoom Using the zoom area to restrict a peak search The selected zoom area can be used to restrict the search range for a peak search but only in single zoom mode see Using Zoom Limits on page 453 7 2 2 Zoom Functions The zoom functions are only available from the toolbar User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 401 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions ESE ESE EEE __ Zoomed Displays recreate AET E E A AIE TA AA A A tues aa A T 402 PUPE EO o a a E SE 402 Restore Original Display risici aain EAEE NAREN 402 Deactivating Zoom Selection MOIS ocscccs sisve sesh cs sceeadecteraucdtardcenansdedecedecseduckedexeeceavens 402 Single Zoom A single zoom replaces the current diagram by a new diagram wh
15. Alternatively you can select one specific trace only for export see Trace to Export Remote command FORMat DEXPort TRACes on page 925 Include Instrument Measurement Settings Includes additional instrument and measurement settings in the header of the export file for result data See chapter 8 3 4 1 Reference ASCII File Export Format on page 503 for details Remote command FORMat DEXPort HEADer on page 925 Trace to Export Defines an individual trace that will be exported to a file This setting is not available if Export all Traces and all Table Results is selected Decimal Separator Defines the decimal separator for floating point numerals for the data export files Eval uation programs require different separators in different languages Remote command FORMat DEXPort DSEParator on page 906 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 424 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions 7 3 2 4 Trace Configuration Export Trace to ASCII File Opens a file selection dialog box and saves the selected trace in ASCII format dat to the specified file and directory The results are output in the same order as they are displayed on the screen window by window trace by trace and table row by table row If the spectrogram display is selected when you perform this function the entire histogram buffer with all frames is exported to a file The data corresponding to a particular frame begins with information abou
16. Calibration Frequency RF Defines the frequency of the internal broadband calibration signal to be used for IF filter calibration max 64 MHz For narrowband signals 64 MHz is sent Calibration Frequency MW Uses the microwave calibration signal as the RF input for frequencies greater than 8 GHz for R amp S FSW 26 only This function is used to calibrate the YIG filter on the micro wave converter The microwave calibration signal is pulsed You can define whether the distance between input pulses is small or wide Remote command DIAGnostic SERVice INPut MC DISTance on page 934 Calibration Analog Baseband Uses an internal calibration signal as input to the optional Analog Baseband interface This signal is only available if the R amp S FSW B71 option is installed For more information on the Analog Baseband Interface R amp S FSW B71 see the R amp S FSW 1I Q Analyzer and I Q Input User Manual Remote command DIAGnostic SERVice INPut SELect on page 936 Calibration Signal Type Calibration Analog Baseband Defines the type of calibration signal to be used for Analog Baseband AC 1 5625 MHz square wave AC signal DC 1 5625 MHz square wave DC signal DC zero no signal Remote command DIAGnostic SERVice INPut AIQ TYPE on page 935 Service Functions Using service functions The service functions are not necessary for normal measurement operation Incorrect use can affect correct operation and or data integrity of
17. Files on page 188 SEM and Saving the Evaluation List on page 205 Spuri ous To export trace data and table results Trace data can be exported either from the Trace menu or from the Save Recall menu 1 Press the TRACE key then select the Trace Config softkey and switch to the Trace Data Export tab Or Select the Ef Save icon in the toolbar then select the Export softkey 2 Select the Export Config softkey to configure the export settings a Select Export all Traces and all Table Results to export all available measure ment result data for the current application or select a specific Trace to Export b Optionally select the Include Instrument Measurement Settings option to insert additional information in the export file header c If necessary change the decimal separator to be used for the ASCII export file 3 Select the Export Trace to ASCII file button 4 Inthe file selection dialog box select the storage location and file name for the export file User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 502 R amp S FSW Data Management 8 3 3 8 3 4 8 3 4 1 Importing and Exporting Measurement Results for Evaluation 5 Select Save to close the dialog box and export the data to the file How to Export a Peak List You can save the results of a marker peak list to an ASCII file 1 Press the MKR FUNCT key 2 Select the Marker Peak List softkey 3 Configure the peak search and li
18. Marker Search Settings and Positioning FUNCTIONS ccccccccseeeceeeeeeeeseeeeneees 450 e Marker Function Cm WO osisie cciitiecwdseavsivaxetiwsmnaniadawayelansyeud acinvacnondwednandecieebaean 458 7 4 2 1 Marker Settings Marker settings can be configured via the MARKER key or in the Marker dialog box To display the Marker dialog box do one of the following e Press the MKR key then select the Marker Config softkey e Inthe Overview select Analysis and switch to the vertical Marker tab The remote commands required to define these settings are described in chap ter 11 8 3 1 Setting Up Individual Markers on page 856 individual Marker SU es cic esiccesinds steccinscernct nnana bad a aiaa eia ai 445 General Marker SSI Sits sos ioc tu saxa sicrssvozwnes endhuandieawncawendctemanpladwaieesteaav niaaa 448 Individual Marker Setup Up to 17 markers or delta markers can be activated for each window simultaneously Initial marker setup is performed using the Marker dialog box User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 445 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Marker Usage Markers Marker Settings Search Settings Ref Marker CE E Delta 1 Norm z G JE TU ol E E Stimulus Link to Marker N m amp ct D Selected Marker 1 3 g The markers are distributed among 3 tabs for a better overview By default the first marker is defined as a normal marker wher
19. PRESet To restore the default configuration for a single channel The default measurement settings can also be reset for an individual channel only rather than resetting the entire instrument gt Inthe Overview select the Preset Channel button The factory default settings are restored to the current channel Note that a user defined recall settings file is NOT restored User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 489 R amp S FSW 8 1 1 Remote command Data Management Restoring the Default Instrument Configuration Preset SYSTem PRESet CHANnel EXECute on page 918 Factory Default Configuration The factory default configuration is selected such that the RF input is always protected against overload provided that the applied signal levels are in the allowed range for the instrument Table 8 1 Factory default configuration Parameter mode sweep mode center frequency center frequency step size span RF attenuation reference level level range level unit sweep time resolution bandwidth video bandwidth FFT filters span RBW RBW VBW sweep trigger trace mode detector frequency offset reference level offset reference level position User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 Spectrum R amp S FSW8 8 GHz R amp S FSW13 13 GHz R amp S FSW26 26 5 GHz R amp S FSW43 43 GHz R amp S FSW50 50 GHz 10 dB 100 dB log 0 auto 3 MHz auto 3 MHz off cont 490 R amp S F
20. Recall Recall Startup Recall Startup Recall Select File a DoUse rMsChannelTables 41 FmStereoPredefined gen a QuickSave J RealtimePredefined 2 vsa 3 WCDMAPredefined Startup CF 4 GH dfl Cancel Sepe ecclesiastical soto pects A T sto ceoa is seealo anys A S 498 Selecting the Storage Location Drive Path Files ccccccecceseeeeeeeesseeeeenseeeneaees 498 Fe NaI ea EEE E EE EE E 498 Sa a E T E A T A E A AE 498 E e IEA E A NAN EEN A eee A E AA NA A A A AA A TS 498 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 497 R amp S FSW Data Management 8 2 3 Storing and Recalling Instrument Settings and Measurement Data Startup Recall Activates or deactivates the startup recall function If activated the settings stored in the selected file are loaded each time the instrument is started or preset If deactivated the default settings are loaded Note that only instrument settings files can be selected for the startup recall function not channel settings files Remote command MMEMory LOAD AUTO on page 916 Selecting the Storage Location Drive Path Files Select the storage location of the settings file on the instrument or an external drive The Drive indicates the internal C or any connected external drives e g a USB stor age device The Path contains the drive and the complete file path to the currently selected folder The Files list contains all subfolders and files of the curren
21. Service Function Hardware Diagnostics Temperatures Counter Mechanical Attenuation 5 dB Mechanical Attenuation 10 dB Mechanical Attenuation 20 dB Mechanical Attenuation 40 dB Electronic Attenuation Preamplifier Motherboard Calibration Source AC DC Coupling 0 0 o 0 o 0 0 o Ventilation Fan 1 Speed Temp Fan 2 Speed Temp Relay Cycle CU se cae ciicea da nad seid wine Daadenpscins sunewid aa sacedn oddeesedanaesUeeeeanGnd biaiemnSeavaneced 535 Temperat r S itic see srceiesee tig anaana Ea aA bet ode nine eae EEA aN aa eiaa 535 AEE a AE E A S A E EE E E E 535 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 534 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup 9 4 9 4 1 Display Settings Relay Cycle Counter The hardware relays built into the R amp S FSW may fail after a large number of switching cycles see data sheet The counter indicates how many switching cycles the individual relays have performed since they were installed Remote command DIAGnostic INFO CCOunter on page 950 Temperatures Some hardware parts fail at high temperatures Several temperature sensors in the R amp S FSW provide the current temperature for the CPUs and the motherboard which are indicated here Ventilation High temperatures in the R amp S FSW may occur when the fans fail The current speed and temperatures of the built in fans are displayed High temperatures or very slow fan speed may indicate a hardware problem Display Settings So
22. User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 472 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions EE TEESE Marker Usage Alternatively the audio signal can be output continuously regardless of the marker value in this case set Continuous Demodulation to On 7 Select the modulation type AM FM PM of the signal 8 To avoid listening to noise during continuous output set Squelch to On and define the signal level below which the signal is ignored Squelch level 9 Set Marker Demodulation to On 10 Plug your headphones into the PHONES connector on the front panel of the R amp S FSW 11 Adjust the volume using the rotary knob next to the PHONES connector During the next or currently running measurement when the sweep reaches the marker position the demodulated signal is output as an audio signal via the head phones for the given duration Or depending on the configuration the demodulated signal is continuously output via the headphones if the signal level exceeds the squelch level 7 4 4 Measurement Example Measuring Harmonics Using Marker Func tions This measurement example describes how to measure harmonics using the provided marker functions Note that this task can be performed much simpler using the Harmonic Distortion measurement see chapter 5 9 Harmonic Distortion Measurement on page 227 Signal generator settings e g R amp S FSW SMU Level 25 dBm Procedure 1 Preset the R am
23. above the marked level values use limit lines for that task see chapter 7 5 2 Basics on Limit Lines on page 475 Two different types of display lines are provided e Two horizontal level lines for marking levels Display Line 1 and 2 The level lines are continuous horizontal lines across the entire width of a diagram and can be shifted in y direction e Two vertical frequency or time lines for marking frequencies or points in time Fre quency Time Line 1 and 2 The frequency or time lines are continuous vertical lines across the entire height of the diagram and can be shifted in x direction Lables Each line is identified by one of the following abbreviations in the diagrams e D1 Display Line 1 e D2 Display Line 2 e F1 Frequency Line 1 e F2 Frequency Line 2 e 11 Time Line 1 e 12 Time Line 2 Basics on Limit Lines Limit lines are used to define amplitude curves or spectral distribution boundaries in the result diagram which are not to be exceeded They indicate for example the upper limits for interference radiation or spurious waves which are allowed from a device under test DUT When transmitting information in TDMA systems e g GSM the amplitude of the bursts in a time slot must adhere to a curve that falls within a specified tolerance band The lower and upper limits may each be specified by a limit line Then the amplitude curve can be controlled either visually or automatically for any violations
24. detector e Trace averaging In the default setting the R amp S FSW uses the sample detector for the noise function With the sample detector the trace can additionally be set to Average mode to stabilize the measured values When the RMS detector is used trace averaging should not be used since in this case it produces too low noise levels which cannot be corrected Instead the sweep time can be increased to obtain stable measurement results Correction factors The R amp S FSW uses the following correction factors to analyze the noise density from the marker level e Since the noise power is indicated with reference to 1 Hz bandwidth the bandwidth correction value is deducted from the marker level It is 10 x Ig 1 Hz BWNoise where BWNoise is the noise or power bandwidth of the set resolution filter RBW e RMS detector With the exception of bandwidth correction no further corrections are required since this detector already indicates the power for each point of the trace e Sample detector As a result of video filter averaging and trace averaging 1 05 dB is added to the marker level This is the difference between the average value and the RMS value of white noise With a logarithmic level axis 1 45 dB is added additionally Logarithmic averaging is thus fully taken into account which yields a value that is 1 45 dB lower than that of linear averaging User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 441 R amp S FSW Common Analys
25. e Which colors to use Color scheme e Which value range to apply the color scheme to e How the colors are distributed within the value range i e where the focus of the vis ualization lies shape of the color curve The individual colors are assigned to the power levels automatically by the R amp S FSW The Color Scheme You can select which colors are assigned to the measured values Four different color ranges or schemes are available O er Uses a color range from blue to red Blue colors indicate low levels red colors indicate high ones e Cold Uses a color range from red to blue Red colors indicate low levels blue colors indi cate high ones The Cold color scheme is the inverse Hot color scheme e Radar mi Uses a color range from black over green to light turquoise with shades of green in between Dark colors indicate low levels light colors indicate high ones User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 414 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions SE Trace Configuration e Grayscale Shows the results in shades of gray Dark gray indicates low levels light gray indi cates high ones The Value Range of the Color Map If the measured values only cover a small area in the spectrogram you can optimize the displayed value range so it becomes easier to distinguish between values that are close together and only parts of interest are displayed at all The Shape and Focus of the Color Curve
26. eee ee ee eee eee 481 Oe PM N niece a cece ec esc este aed tetera eee erat ens EA sence 482 Create New LING arrosan saniainen e a a i slater osama ea aia aS 482 aa A y N AEN E E EE E E E E EA AE AE E AE EE esac nace 482 Sar E ETE E T E E A A E A A A 482 E E a E A E lea aan enaesest 482 Drane Al ENGS rena aa a aaa 482 Name The name of the stored limit line User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 480 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions EE O Display and Limit Lines Unit The unit in which the y values of the data points of the limit line are defined Compatibility Indicates whether the limit line definition is compatible with the current measurement settings For more information on which conditions a limit line must fulfill to be compatible see chapter 7 5 2 Basics on Limit Lines on page 475 Visibility Displays or hides the limit line in the diagram Up to 8 limit lines can be visible at the same time Inactive limit lines can also be displayed in the diagram Remote command CALCulate LIMit lt k gt LOWer STATe on page 899 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt UPPer STATe on page 902 CALCulate LIMit ACTive on page 903 Traces to be Checked Defines which traces are automatically checked for conformance with the limit lines As soon as a trace to be checked is defined the assigned limit line is active One limit line can be activated for several traces simultaneously If any of the Traces to be Checked violate any
27. is 200 GHz the maximum frequency is 200 GHz For the time range representation negative times may also be entered The allowed range is 1000 s to 1000 s MultiView Spectrum Ref Level 0 00 dBm RBW 50 kHz Att 10 dB SWT 84us VBW 50kHz Mode Auto FFT 1 Frequency Sweep CF 20 0 MHz 1001 pts 500 0 kHz Span 5 0 MHz Fig 7 14 Example for an upper limit line Limits and Margins Limit lines define strict values that must not be exceeded by the measured signal A margin is similar to a limit but less strict and it still belongs to the valid data range It can be used as a warning that the limit is almost reached The margin is not indicated by a separate line in the display but if it is violated a warning is displayed Margins are defined as lines with a fixed distance to the limit line To check the signal for maximum levels you must define an upper limit whereas to check the signal for minimum levels you must define a lower limit Limits can be defined relative to the reference level the beginning of the time scale or the center frequency or as absolute values User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 476 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Display and Limit Lines Relative scaling is suitable for example if masks for bursts are to be defined in zero span or if masks for modulated signals are required in the frequency domain Thresholds If the y axis for the limit line data points uses relative scaling a
28. it does not change any measurement settings such as the number of sweep points You should increase the number of sweep points before zooming as otherwise the func tion has no real effect see chapter 6 5 1 8 How Much Data is Measured Sweep Points and Sweep Count on page 366 7 2 1 Single Zoom Versus Multiple Zoom Two different zoom modes are available single zoom and multiple zoom A single zoom replaces the current diagram by a new diagram which displays an enlarged extract of the trace This function can be used repetitively until the required details are visible In mul tiple zoom mode you can enlarge up to four different areas of the trace simultaneously An overview window indicates the zoom areas in the original trace while the zoomed trace areas are displayed in individual windows The zoom areas can be moved and resized any time The zoom area that corresponds to the individual zoom display is indi cated in the lower right corner between the scrollbars User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 400 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Zoomed Displays All Spectrum Ref Level 10 00 aim RBV 3 MHz Att i10 a S T 133 ms VEW 3mMHz Moda Auto Sweep SL Al AP Clr 4 CF 13 227 155172 GHZ LO pts 269 57 MHz Fig 7 1 Single zoom MultiView Spectrum Spectrum 2 Spectrum 3 IQ Analyzer Ref Level 0 00 dBm RBW 3 MHz SGL Att 10 dB SWT 125 2us VBW 3MHz Mode Auto FFT 1 Frequency Sweep iAP Clr Mi 1
29. must be deleted Remote command HCOPy ITEM WINDow TEXT on page 923 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 510 R amp S FSW Data Management SS Creating Screenshots of Current Measurement Results and Settings Install Printer Opens the standard Windows dialog box to install a new printer All printers that are already installed are displayed Only user accounts with administrator rights can install a printer For further information refer to the Microsoft Windows documentation 8 4 2 How to Store or Print Screenshots of the Display gt Ifthe R amp S FSW has already been set up according to your current requirements simply press the Print immediate icon at the far right end of the toolbar A screenshot of the current measurement display is printed or stored to a file as configured To set up screenshot outputs This configuration assumes a printer has already been installed To install a new printer use the Install Printer softkey 1 Select the Printer tool in the toolbar 2 Select the Device Setup softkey 3 Select the tab for Device 1 or Device 2 to configure a device 4 To set up the print function to store a screenshot to a file select the required file format as the output medium To set up the print function to store a screenshot to the clipboard select Clip board as the output medium To set up the print function to print a screenshot on a printer select Printer as the output medium and an
30. new marker If no frame number is specified the marker is positioned on the currently selected frame All markers are visible that are positioned on a visible frame Special search functions are provided for spectrogram markers In the spectrum result display only the markers positioned on the currently selected frame are visible In Continuous Sweep mode this means that only markers positioned on frame 0 are visible To view markers that are positioned on a frame other than frame 0 in the spectrum result display you must stop the measurement and select the corre sponding frame Trace Configuration Trace configuration includes the following settings and functions Aee ee oN ae rn eee eee ee er ene eens eee eae ee eee eee enon ees 417 e T E E a EE AE A E 422 Trace Export NS ci ccrearsticip racine vn ctrvantaplosndienaenuriaciecuncipambanalaensanienstilnecinsicumnouians 423 hs ere a NEEE E ESTERA i 425 Trace Settings You can configure the settings for up to 6 individual traces Trace settings can be configured via the TRACE key in the Traces dialog box or in the vertical Traces tab of the Analysis dialog box For settings on spectrograms see chapter 7 3 2 4 Spectrogram Settings on page 425 Trace data can also be exported to an ASCII file for further analysis For details see chapter 7 3 2 3 Trace Export Settings on page 423 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 417 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Displ
31. page 926 Trace Export Configuration Export Opens the Traces dialog box to configure the trace and data export settings See chapter 7 3 2 3 Trace Export Settings on page 423 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 501 R amp S FSW Data Management 8 3 2 Importing and Exporting Measurement Results for Evaluation IQ Export Export Opens a file selection dialog box to select an export file to which the IQ data will be stored This function is only available in single sweep mode and only in applications that process I Q data such as the I Q Analyzer or optional applications For details see the description in the R amp S FSW I Q Analyzer User Manual Importing and Exporting I Q Data Import Provides functions to import data Currently only I Q data can be imported and only by applications that process Q data See the R amp S FSW I Q Analyzer User Manual for more information How to Export Trace Data and Numerical Results The measured trace data and numerical measurement results in tables can be exported to an ASCII file For each sweep point the measured trace position and value are output The file is stored with a DAT extension For details on the storage format see chap ter 8 3 4 1 Reference ASCII File Export Format on page 503 For the results of a Spectrum Emission Mask SEM or Spurious Emissions measure ment special file export functions are available see chapter 5 5 6 2 How to Save SEM Result
32. selected by its textual name Send Starts the selected service function Remote command DIAGnostic SERVice SFUNction on page 954 Clear History Deletes the list of previously selected service functions User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 533 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup OMN General Instrument Settings Password Most service functions require a special password as they may disrupt normal operation of the R amp S FSW There are different levels of service functions depending on how restrictive their use is handled Each service level has a different password Reset Password returns to the lowest least restrictive service level Clear Results Clears the result display for all previously performed service functions Remote command DIAGnostic SERVice SFUNction RESults DELete on page 955 Save Results Opens a file selection dialog box to save the results of all previously performed service functions to a file Remote command DIAGnostic SERVice SFUNction RESults SAVE on page 955 Result List The Results List indicates the status and results of the executed service functions 9 3 5 5 Hardware Diagnostics In case problems occur with the instrument hardware some diagnostic tools provide information that may support troubleshooting The hardware diagnostics tools are available in the Hardware Diagnostics tab of the Service dialog box Service Spectrun m i 1 R amp S Support Selftest Calibration Signal
33. spectrogram is dominated by blue and green colors After shifting the color curve to the left negative value more colors cover the range from 105 5 dBm to 60 dBm blue green and yellow which occurs more often in the example The range from 60 dBm to 20 dBm on the other hand is dominated by various shades of red only Fig 7 8 Non linear color curve shape 0 5 Fig 7 9 Spectrogram with shifted color curve Markers in the Spectrogram Markers and delta markers are shaped like diamonds in the spectrogram They are only displayed in the spectrogram if the marker position is inside the visible area of the spec trogram If more than two markers are active the marker values are displayed in a sep arate marker table In the spectrum result display the markers and their frequency and level values 1 are displayed as usual Additionally the frame number is displayed to indicate the position of the marker in time 2 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 416 R amp S FSW 7 3 2 7 3 2 1 Common Analysis and Display Functions Trace Configuration MiL 24 01 dBm 1 Frequency and Power Level Se Dir MHz of the Marker D2 1 22 31 dB 4 50 286 00 MHz 2 Frame Number of the Marker In the spectrogram result display you can activate up to 16 markers or delta markers at the same time Each marker can be assigned to a different frame Therefore in addition to the frequency you also define the frame number when activating a
34. the horizontal Search Settings tab Markers Marker Settings Search Search Limits Next Y Search Cerra Search Area Threshold Exclude LO Use Zoom Limits Search Limits Off Auto Min Peak a User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 453 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions eS EOE Marker Usage Search Mode for Next Peak in X Direction ccc cccececcseceseeseeeeeececeseeeeueeeseeeeueueeuneesee 454 Search Mode for Next Peak in Y Direction cccccccceeceseeseeseesecuseeeeeeeeseeeeseuneeneeses 454 Marker Search Ue ercran a Ea aaa 455 Marker Search Aread c cccceccececceceecceceseeceeseceeeeeeeseueueeeseeseueuseeseueeueesueueeuuaeeuueeneeseneenes 455 assay Serer spiders seve seers ass er cated dace pens AAE den wee E E 455 Fe E A pce cess E EE nant execs eannwanae T T 456 Auto Max Min Peak Search cccccccceccecceccececeeseeceueeeceseeeuueeeeeseseueeeeueeeseeeeueeneuneeseees 456 See enn E ane ae ee P A a eee me ee ee eee eee ene 456 L Search Limits Left Right 0 00 0 ccccesseseeescesseseeesseseseeeceeeeasseneveseeseeeeees 456 L Search ThreShold ccccccsccccesscccsssccceecsceceescecceacececacesceauecseteuscnsesenuseeesuaueeens 457 L Using Zoom MS resnissscissdsntrvteieiiasiuitniswedstyreudeisieanlvedestaaeiawndleniiabaevabasiuns 457 L Deactivating All Search LiMitS s eseeseeseeeeeeeeeeeesneeneerernerreresrnrrerrsrrsrrsreres 457 Search Mode for Next Peak in X Direction Selects t
35. the linear voltage after envelope detection The sampled linear values are squared Summed and the sum is divided by the num ber of samples root mean square For logarithmic display the logarithm is formed from the square sum For linear display the root mean square value is displayed Each sweep point thus corresponds to the power of the measured values Summed up in the sweep point The RMS detector supplies the power of the signal irrespective of the waveform CW carrier modulated carrier white noise or impulsive signal Correction fac tors as needed for other detectors to measure the power of the different signal classes are not required Average Av Calculates the linear average of all samples contained in a sweep point To this effect R amp S FSW uses the linear voltage after envelope detection The sampled linear values are summed up and the sum is divided by the number of samples linear average value For logarithmic display the logarithm is formed from the average value For linear display the average value is displayed Each sweep point thus corresponds to the average of the measured values summed up in the sweep point The average detector supplies the average value of the signal irrespective of the waveform CW carrier modulated carrier white noise or impulsive signal Sample Sa Selects the last measured value of the levels measured at the individual fre quencies which are displayed in one sample point all other measured v
36. then stored in the trace memory sweep count 1 The currently measured trace is displayed and stored in the trace memory No aver aging is performed sweep count gt 1 For both Single Sweep mode and Continuous Sweep mode averaging takes place over the selected number of sweeps In this case the displayed trace is deter mined during averaging according to the following formula 1 n l Trace La Meas Value n i l Fig 7 4 Equation 2 where n is the number of the current sweep n 2 Sweep Count No averaging is carried out for the first sweep but the measured value is stored in the trace memory With increasing n the displayed trace is increasingly smoothed since there are more individual sweeps for averaging After the selected number of sweeps the average trace is saved in the trace memory Until this number of sweeps is reached a preliminary average is displayed When the averaging length defined by the Sweep Count is attained averaging is continued in continuous sweep mode or for Continue Single Sweep according to the following formula N 1 Trace Meas Value N Trace where N is the sweep count 7 3 1 4 How Trace Data is Averaged the Averaging Mode When the trace is averaged over several sweeps Trace mode Average different methods are available to determine the trace average With logarithmic averaging the dB values of the display voltage are averaged or sub stracted from e
37. traces with different modes for example an average trace and a maximum trace it may be of interest to compare the results of both traces In this exam ple you could analyze the maximum difference between the average and maximum val ues To analyze the span of result values you could subtract the minimum trace from the maximum trace For such tasks mathematical functions on trace results are provided Spectrograms In addition to the standard level versus frequency or level versus time spectrum traces the R amp S FSW also provides a spectrogram display of the measured data A spectrogram shows how the spectral density of a signal varies over time The x axis shows the frequency the y axis shows the time A third dimension the power level is indicated by different colors Thus you can see how the strength of the signal varies over time for different frequencies User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 411 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Example Spectrogram for the calibration signal MultiView Spectrum Ref Level 0 00 dBm RBW 200 kHz Att 10 dB SWT 4i 8us VBW 200kHz Mode Auto FFT CF 64 0 MHz 1001 pts 2 0 MHz Span 20 0 MHZ Frame 0 In this example you see the spectrogram for the calibration signal of the R amp S FSW com pared to the standard spectrum display Since the signal does not change over time the color of the frequency levels does not change over time i e vertically The legend above the sp
38. which the trace is averaged over several sweeps A different averaging mode can be defined for each trace This setting is only applicable if trace mode Average is selected How many sweeps are averaged is defined by the Sweep Average Count on page 371 For details see chapter 7 3 1 4 How Trace Data is Averaged the Averaging Mode on page 410 Linear The power level values are converted into linear units prior to averaging After the averaging the data is converted back into its original unit Logarithmic For logarithmic scaling the values are averaged in dBm For linear scaling the behavior is the same as with linear averaging Power Activates linear power averaging The power level values are converted into unit Watt prior to averaging After the averaging the data is converted back into its original unit Use this mode to average power values in Volts or Amperes correctly Remote command SENSe AVERage lt n gt TYPE on page 843 Average Count Determines the number of averaging or maximum search procedures If the trace modes Average Max Hold or Min Hold are set In continuous sweep mode if sweep count 0 default averaging is performed over 10 sweeps For sweep count 1 no averaging maxhold or minhold operations are per formed This value is identical to the Sweep Average Count setting in the Sweep configuration Remote command SENSe AVERage COUNt on page 842 Predefined Trace Setti
39. with any changes that you make to the color scheme 3 Color curve pane graphical representation of all settings available to customize the color scheme 4 5 Color range start and stop sliders define the range of the color map or amplitudes for the spectrogram 6 Color curve slider adjusts the focus of the color curve 7 Histogram shows the distribution of measured values 8 Scale of the horizontal axis value range Start Stop Defines the lower and upper boundaries of the value range of the spectrogram Remote command DISPlay WINDow SGRam COLor LOWer on page 849 DISPlay WINDow SGRam COLor UPPer on page 849 Shape Defines the shape and focus of the color curve for the spectrogram result display User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 428 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions oH aua7v77 JOE Se Trace Configuration 1 to lt 0 More colors are distributed amoung the lower values o Colors are distributed linearly amoung the values gt 0 to 1 More colors are distributed amoung the higher values Remote command DISPlay WINDow SGRam COLor SHAPe on page 849 Hot Cold Radar Grayscale Sets the color scheme for the spectrogram Remote command DISPlay WINDow SGRam COLor STYLe on page 849 Auto Defines the color range automatically according to the existing measured values for opti mized display Set to Default Sets the color mapping to the default settings Remote command DISPlay WINDow SGRam COLo
40. y ANE a aaa a a a E E lan EEE 522 DCCA U E 522 E LLO E E E EE AAE A EE EES AEE E A EE E E 522 E e E E A E E E E at ssue 522 E ee ee ae eS oe E ea E E E 522 Name Defines the transducer line name All names must be compatible with the Windows7 conventions for file names The transducer data is stored under this name with a TDF extension in the tra subfolder of the main installation folder Remote command SENSe CORRection TRANsducer SELect on page 938 Comment Defines an optional comment for the transducer line The text may contain up to 40 char acters Remote command SENSe CORRection TRANsducer COMMent on page 938 Unit The unit in which the y values of the data points of the transducer line are defined As soon as a transducer is activated the unit of the transducer is automatically used for all the level settings and outputs The unit cannot be changed in the amplitude settings unless GB is used Remote command SENSe CORRection TRANsducer UNIT on page 939 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 521 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup SEH LLL TL EU_n__ SSE General Instrument Settings X Axis Scaling Describes the scaling of the horizontal axis on which the data points of the transducer line are defined Scaling can be linear or logarithmic Remote command SENSe CORRection TRANsducer SCALing on page 938 Data points Each transducer line is defined by a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 50 data point
41. 1 Peak Excursion Defines the minimum level value by which a signal must rise or fall so that it will be identified as a maximum or a minimum by the search functions Entries from 0 dB to 80 dB are allowed the resolution is 0 1 dB The default setting for the peak excursion is 6 dB For more information see chapter 7 4 1 4 Searching for Signal Peaks on page 438 Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer PEXCursion on page 862 Auto Max Min Peak Search If activated a maximum or minimum peak search is performed automatically for marker 1 after each sweep For spectrogram displays define which frame the peak is to be searched in For EMI measurements these functions are not available use Automatic Peak Search instead see chapter 5 13 4 2 EMI Final Measurement Configuration on page 263 Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum AUTO on page 865 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum AUTO on page 866 Search Limits The search results can be restricted by limiting the search area or adding search condi tions Search Limits Left Right Search Limits If activated limit lines are defined and displayed for the search Only results within the limited search range are considered For details on limit lines for searches see Peak search limits on page 439 Remote command CALCulate MARKer X SLIMits STATe on page 862 CALCulate MARKer X SLIMits LEFT on page 863 CALCulate MARKer X SLIMits R
42. 1 20 0 dBm Horizontal Line 2 a ienes E Ba E A Sede vic E A E nc te A A EE E 479 Horizontal Line 1 iss cicece nics deenidsnctvre sure sioeuaSeiwdniea an naaa aaa Aa NANN anaa aeaii 479 Vertical Line 1 2 Activates a vertical display line F1 F2 or T1 T2 in the diagram at the specified frequency or point in time depending on the frequency span Remote command CALCulate lt n gt FLINe lt k gt on page 894 CALCulate lt n gt FLINe lt k gt on page 894 CALCulate lt n gt TLINe lt Line gt on page 895 CALCulate lt n gt TLINe lt Line gt on page 895 Horizontal Line 1 2 Activates a horizontal display line D1 D2 in the diagram at the specified level Remote command CALCulate lt n gt DLINe lt k gt on page 894 CALCulate lt n gt DLINe lt k gt on page 894 7 5 3 2 Limit Line Settings and Functions Up to 8 limit lines can be displayed simultaneously in the R amp S FSW Many more can be stored on the instrument Limit Line Managemen t cccccscccescccsssecseceeseeccseeseseeseusensesessececseeseusenusensesensenes 480 Limit Line DetalllS ccc cccccccccececcecececceceueceuceceauaueneaeaeenuacetentaeaneneaeeneutanensaneneneanenens 482 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 479 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Display and Limit Lines Limit Line Management Limit lines are managed in the Line Config dialog box which is displayed when you press the LINES key and then Lines Config softke
43. 13 422 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Trace Math Off Trace Configuration Deactivates any previously selected trace math functions Remote command CALC MATH STAT OFF see CALCulate lt n gt MATH STATe on page 851 Trace Math Position Defines the zero point on the y axis of the resulting trace in of the diagram height The range of values extends from 100 to 200 Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MATH POSition on page 851 Trace Math Mode Defines the mode for the trace math calculations Lin Log Power Activates linear subtraction which means that the power level values are converted into linear units prior to subtraction After the subtraction the data is converted back into its original unit This setting takes effect if the grid is set to a linear scale In this case subtraction is done in two ways depending on the set unit e The unitis set to either W or dBm the data is converted into W prior to subtraction i e averaging is done in W e The unitis setto either V A dBmV dBuV dBuA or dBpW the data is converted into V prior to subtraction i e subtraction is done in V Activates logarithmic subtraction This subtraction method only takes effect if the grid is set to a logarith mic scale i e the unit of the data is dBm In this case the values are subtracted in dBm Otherwise i e with linear scaling the behavior is the same as with linear subtraction Act
44. 73 9411 02 13 484 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions 7 5 4 7 5 4 1 Display and Limit Lines Insert Value Inserts a data point in the limit line above the selected one in the Edit Limit Line dialog box Delete Value Deletes the selected data point in the Edit Limit Line dialog box Shift x Shifts the x value of each data point horizontally by the defined shift width as opposed to an additive offset defined for the entire limit line see X Offset on page 481 Remote command CALCulate LIMit lt k gt CONTrol SHIFt on page 897 Shift y Shifts the y value of each data point vertically by the defined shift width as opposed to an additive offset defined for the entire limit line see Y Offset on page 482 Remote command CALCulate LIMit lt k gt LOWer SHIFt on page 899 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt UPPer SHIFt on page 901 Save Saves the currently edited limit line under the name defined in the Name field How to Work with Display and Limit Lines Step by step instructions on configuring display and limit lines are provided here For details on individual functions and settings see chapter 7 5 3 Settings and Functions for Display and Limit Lines on page 478 The remote commands required to perform these tasks are described in chapter 11 8 4 Configuring Display and Limit Lines on page 893 Defining Display Lines 1 Display lines are configured in the Lines Config dialog box To disp
45. 8 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions SSL Trace Configuration Max Hold The maximum value is determined over several sweeps and displayed The R amp S FSW saves the sweep result in the trace memory only if the new value is greater than the previous one The Detector is automatically set to Positive Peak This mode is not available for statistics measurements Min Hold The minimum value is determined from several measurements and displayed The R amp S FSW saves the sweep result in the trace memory only if the new value is lower than the previous one The Detector is automatically set to Negative Peak This mode is not available for statistics measurements Average The average is formed over several sweeps The Sweep Average Count determines the number of averaging pro cedures The Detector is automatically set to Sample This mode is not available for statistics measurements View The current contents of the trace memory are frozen and displayed Blank Removes the selected trace from the display Remote command DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt MODE on page 841 Detector Defines the trace detector to be used for trace analysis For details see chapter 7 3 1 1 Mapping Samples to Sweep Points with the Trace Detector on page 406 Note For EMI measurements the trace detector is used for the initial peak search only not for the final test The detector for the final test is config
46. A E A A A E E dade sceduiseetecteameted 399 SEALE 1 AOR A EAE E EE A E E E E E eee eseemerenestamenmede 399 Diagram Displays a basic level vs frequency or level vs time diagram of the measured data to evaluate the results graphically This is the default evaluation method Which data is displayed in the diagram depends on the Trace settings Scaling for the y axis can be configured See chapter 7 3 Trace Configuration on page 405 and chapter 6 4 3 Scaling the Y Axis on page 359 CF 1 95 GHZ 1001 pts 2 57 MHz Span 25 7 MHz Remote command LAY ADD 1 RIGH DIAG see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 756 Marker Table Displays a table with the current marker values for the active markers This table may be displayed automatically if configured accordingly see Marker Table Display on page 449 Type Rel re Stimulus Response Function Mi 1 13 197 GH 25 dBm Count Hi F hi H del GHZ Remote command LAY ADD 1 RIGH MTAB see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 756 Results CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt X on page 860 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt Y on page 871 Marker Peak List The marker peak list determines the frequencies and levels of peaks in the spectrum or time domain How many peaks are displayed can be defined as well as the sort order In addition the detected peaks can be indicated in the diagram The peak list can also be exported to a file for analysis in an external application
47. AK and containing in this case the smallest of the two measured values for a measurement point 10360 12 0 17 4 a C Table 8 4 ASCII file format for spectrogram trace export e Type R amp S FSW Instrument model User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 505 R amp S FSW Data Management TTX _ Importing and Exporting Measurement Results for Evaluation Span 90000 Hz Frequency range 0 Hz in zero span and statistics measure ments x Axis LIN Scaling of x axis linear LIN or logarithmic LOG Start 10000 Hz Start stop of the display range Stop 100000 Hz Unit Hz for span gt 0 s for span 0 dBm dB for statistics meas urements Ref Level 30 dBm Reference level Level Offset 0 dB Level offset Ref Position 75 Position of reference level referred to diagram limits 0 lower edge y Axis LOG Scaling of y axis linear LIN or logarithmic LOG Level Range 100 dB Display range in y direction Unit dB with x axis LOG with x axis LIN Rf Att 20 dB Input attenuation RBW 100000 Hz Resolution bandwidth VBW 30000 Hz Video bandwidth SWT 0 005 s Sweep time Trace Mode AVERAGE Display mode of trace CLR WRITE AVERAGE MAX HOLD MINHOLD Detector AUTOPEAK Detector set AUTOPEAK MAXPEAK MINPEAK AVER AGE RMS SAMPLE QUASIPEAK Sweep Count 20 Number of sweeps set Data section Selected trace Trace 1 x Unit Hz Unit of x values Hz with span gt 0 s with span 0 dBm dB wit
48. ANL E N ec O A EE NEE ae E E E E N EET E 485 SULA EE E E E O E EI A TE TAE A N ES 485 ec N EA N O IOA AN IOE E A A O N I EA E E 485 Name Defines the limit line name All names must be compatible with Windows conventions for file names The limit line data is stored under this name with a LIN extension Remote command CALCulate LIMit lt k gt NAME on page 900 Comment Defines an optional comment for the limit line The text may contain up to 40 characters Remote command CALCulate LIMit COMMent on page 896 Threshold Defines an absolute threshold value only for relative scaling of the y axis For details on thresholds see chapter 7 5 2 Basics on Limit Lines on page 475 Remote command CALCulate LIMit lt k gt LOWer THReshold on page 899 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt UPPer THReshold on page 902 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 483 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions aM Display and Limit Lines Margin Defines a margin for the limit line The default setting is 0 dB i e no margin For details on margins see chapter 7 5 2 Basics on Limit Lines on page 475 Remote command CALCulate LIMit lt k gt LOWer MARGin on page 898 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt UPPer MARGin on page 901 X Axis Describes the horizontal axis on which the data points of the limit line are defined Includes the following settings e Domain Hz for frequency domain s for time domain e Scaling mode absolute or relative Hz s
49. ATe on page 884 n dB Down Marker A special marker can be defined to determine a characteristic bandwidth or time span in a measured signal n dB down markers are configured in the N dB Down Config dialog box using the n dB down function To display the N dB Down Config dialog box do one of the following e Press the MKR FUNC key then select the Select Marker Function softkey Then select the n dB down button Select the N dB Down Config softkey e Inthe Overview select Analysis and switch to the vertical Marker Function Con fig tab Then select the n dB down button Select the N dB Down Config softkey SSS Marker n dB down N dB Down Value For details see Measuring Characteristic Bandwidths n dB Down Marker on page 443 n dB down Marker State ccccccccccccccccececscecececececececaecaceteceteuecucucuauacauensteneneaeaees 464 n dB down Delta hn eee 465 n dB down Marker State Activates or deactivates the special n dB down marker function Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion NDBDown STATe on page 889 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion NDBDown RESult on page 888 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 464 Common Analysis and Display Functions Marker Usage n dB down Delta Value Defines the delta level from the reference marker 1 used to determine the bandwidth or time span Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion NDBDown FREQu
50. Hz 1001 pts 4 0 MHz2 Span 40 0 MHz 2 Marker Table Type Ref Tre Stimulus Response Function Function Result Mi l 20 0 MHz 17 53 dBm ndB 20 0 dB Ti 1 19 441 MHZ 36 86 dBm ndB down Bw 1 12 MHz T 1 20 559 MHz 36 31 dBm Q factor 17 9 Fig 7 12 n dB down marker function The following marker function results are displayed Table 7 4 n dB down marker function results tabel Description Current position and level of marker 1 ndB Offset value n dB down ndB down Bw Determined bandwidth or pulse width zero span at the offset PWid Q factor Quality factor of the determined bandwidth characteristic of damping or resonance T1 T2 Current position and level of the temporary markers User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 443 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Marker Usage If the required position for the temporary markers cannot be determined uniquely for example due to noise dashes are displayed as a result Measuring the Power in a Channel Band When you want to determine the noise power in a transmission channel you could use a noise marker and multiply the result with the channel bandwidth However the results would only be accurate for flat noise Band power markers allow you to measure the integrated power for a defined span band around a marker similar to ACP measurements By default 5 of the current span is used The span is indicated by limit lines in the diagram The results can be d
51. IGHT on page 863 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 452 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions INR Marker Usage Search Threshold Search Limits Defines an absolute threshold as an additional condition for the peak search Only peaks that exceed the threshold are detected Remote command CALCulate THReshold on page 864 Using Zoom Limits Search Limits If activated the peak search is restricted to the active zoom area defined for a single zoom see Single Zoom on page 402 Remote command CALCulate MARKer X SLIMits ZOOM STATe on page 863 Deactivating All Search Limits Search Limits Deactivates the search range limits Remote command CALCulate MARKer X SLIMits STATe on page 862 CALCulate THReshold STATe on page 864 Marker Search Settings for Spectrograms Spectrograms show not only the current sweep results but also the sweep history Thus when searching for peaks you must define the search settings within a single time frame x direction and within several time frames y direction These settings are only available for spectrogram displays These settings are are available in the Search Settings tab of the Marker dialog box To display this tab do one of the following e Press the MKR key then select the Marker Config softkey Then select the hori zontal Search Settings tab e Inthe Overview select Analysis and switch to the vertical Marker Config tab Then select
52. IY ceirean Eiaa Eae 492 eS EE E E E E E E ee ETEEN ERA ee eee 493 D A ENEAN E E AE E A ANA 493 QuickSave 1 QuickSave 10 Selects one of the save sets to store the current settings in or to be recalled At the time of storage the QuickSave 1 QuickSave 10 placeholder is replaced by a label indicating the storage date and time and the storage type During recall save sets of type Instrument replace the settings of the entire instrument All other save sets start a new measurement channel with the stored settings Storage Type Save only Defines which type of settings is to be stored in the save set User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 492 R amp S FSW Data Management EE EE Storing and Recalling Instrument Settings and Measurement Data Instrument The instrument settings for all currently active channels are stored with all chan nels Current Chan Only the instrument settings for the currently selected measurement nel channel are stored Recall Restores the instrument settings as saved in the selected settings file If the settings file contains settings for a specific channel only a new channel with the stored settings is activated otherwise the entire instrument settings are loaded Note After you use the Recall function the history of previous actions is deleted i e any actions performed previously cannot be undone or redone using the UNDO REDO keys Note If a measurement channel with the sa
53. M TRACe ACTive on page 914 MMEMory SELect ITEM TRANsducer ALL on page 915 Save File Saves the settings file with the defined file name Remote command MMEMory STORe STATe on page 917 MMEMory STORe STATe NEXT on page 917 Recall in New Channel Recall in Current Channel Restores the instrument settings as saved in the selected settings file If the settings file contains settings for a specific channel only select Recall in New Channel to activate a new channel with the stored settings or Recall in Current Channel to replace the current channel settings Note After you use the Recall function the history of previous actions is deleted i e any actions performed previously cannot be undone or redone using the UNDO REDO keys Note If a measurement channel with the same name as the channel to be restored in a new channel is already active the channel name for the new channel is extended by a consecutive number User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 496 R amp S FSW Data Management 8 2 2 4 Storing and Recalling Instrument Settings and Measurement Data Spectrum Spectrum 2 In remote commands you must append this number to the channel name as well Remote command MMEMory LOAD STATe on page 916 Cancel Closes the dialog box without saving the settings Startup Recall Settings The Startup Recall softkey opens the Startup Recall tab of the Recall dialog box a x Quick
54. MAXimum NEXT on page 874 CALCulate MARKer lt m gt SGRam Y MINimum ABOVe on page 874 CALCulate DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam Y MAXimum ABOVe on page 877 DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam Y MAXimum BELow on page 877 DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam Y MAXimum NEXT on page 877 DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam Y MINimum ABOVe on page 878 MARKer lt m gt SGRam Y MINimum BELow on page 874 CALCulate MARKer lt m gt SGRam Y MINimum NEXT on page 8 74 CALCulate DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam Y MINimum BELow on page 878 DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam Y MINimum NEXT on page 878 Marker Search Type Defines the type of search to be performed in the spectrogram X Search Searches only within the currently selected frame Y Search Searches within all frames but only at the current marker position XY Search Searches in all frames at all positions Remote command CALCulate CALCulate CALCulate CALCulate CALCulate MARKer lt m gt SGRam XY MAXimum PEAK on page 873 DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam XY MAXimum PEAK on page 8 6 MARKer lt m gt SGRam XY MINimum PEAK on page 873 CALCulate MARKer lt m gt SGRam Y MAXimum PEAK on page 874 CALCulate MARKer lt m gt SGRam Y MINimum PEAK on page 875 CALCulate DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam XY MINimum PEAK on page 8 6 DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam Y MAXimum PEAK on page 877 DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam Y MINimum PEAK on page 878 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MA
55. NE AET E AA E E T A E ONE E E E AT 426 aee paa e i AA E A i A E A A a E 426 MMM ET E E T T E AAE E E 427 Do eE TE E A E A E 427 RU SWEER MOD eserini A A E ea eE AREE 427 Single Sweep RUN SINGLE wri iewecsecd ccsateews resins sasaessdasmediraseneasessaavecensetcdesedsuandd iawscanes 427 Clear I a cise ecient ecicileva ie eae atccnand spc cibaeaed ade ir odie ele onuied hada omedaptateee 428 State Activates and deactivates the spectrogram result display Remote command CALCulate SGRam STATe on page 848 CALCulate SGRam CONT on page 845 Select frame Selects a specific frame and loads the corresponding trace from the memory Note that activating a marker or changing the position of the active marker automatically selects the frame that belongs to that marker This function is available in single sweep mode or if the sweep is stopped The most recent frame is number 0 all previous frames have a negative number For more information see Time Frames on page 413 Remote command CALCulate SGRam FRAMe SELect on page 846 History Depth Sets the number of frames that the R amp S FSW stores in its memory The maximum number of frames depends on the Sweep Points User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 426 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions III gag aaa Trace Configuration If the memory is full the R amp S FSW deletes the oldest frames stored in the memory and replaces them with the new data For an overview of the max
56. Print Colors Default Colors 1 screen Colors Print Default Colors 2 Optimized Colors User Defined Colors User Defined Colors Screen Colors Hardcopy E Show Print Colors on Display P E a a r E E E EA E 542 Modifying User Defined COlOl Se isicscciaccccccdscansaacedeentsovanacedietiinsannctdecisaweccwads Heuestcsamacd aneee 542 L Selecting the Object c cccces cesses cseeeseseeseesseesesesensneeseeseussesseusueeees 543 L Predefined Colors e ceccecssescsesceseeessesseesseesseneeesseeesessensvasesessenesassenevneeaseees 543 Feces ecco eect ete E E gars rates oe atc E needed eam anne EE A EE 543 Defining User specific ColOrs cccccccsseccseeeecessecceeeecseeeeaueeceseesseeesseessegeeesaseeess 543 Restoring the User Settings to Default Colors cccccsecccseeceseeseeseseseeeeeeeeeeesseeess 544 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 541 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup Display Settings Theme The theme defines the colors and style used to display softkeys and other screen objects The default theme is BlueOcean Remote command DISPlay THEMe SELect on page 945 Screen colors Two different color sets are provided by the instrument a third user defined set can be configured The default color schemes provide optimum visibility of all screen objects when regarding the screen from above or below Default setting is Default Colors 1 If User Defined Colors is selected a user defined col
57. R amp S FSW 7 7 1 Common Analysis and Display Functions Result Display Configuration Common Analysis and Display Functions General methods and basic settings to display and analyze measurements regardless of the operating mode are described here If you are performing a specific measurement task using an operating mode other than Signal and Spectrum Analyzer mode or an application other than the Spectrum application be sure to check the specific application or mode description for settings and functions that may deviate from these common set tings The analysis settings and functions are available via the Analysis dialog box which is displayed when you select the Analysis button in the Overview Additional measure ment specific analysis functions may be available in separate tabs in the Analysis dialog box These are described with the individual measurements See chapter 5 Measurements on page 101 Result Display Ci OT cesses eccedie de dspicawecsinvievedanncenostdandecadecaunlincx Seetandink vesdavwsds 397 oe cece ise os eee egress cide sandeenenese E EEOAE 400 ee sche deen sees anaes boning sete A danammcaneactan tacos tence ARARE 405 a E E sedge cs ac sd esc onsen eee eee eee eee aet 435 e Dispiay ana LIMI ONOS eesi S eee rs eee er 474 Result Display Configuration Measurement results can be evaluated in many different ways for example graphically as spectrograms as summary tables sta
58. SE Zoomed Displays 7 2 3 How to Zoom Into a Diagram The remote commands required to zoom into a display are described in chapter 11 8 1 Zooming into the Display on page 838 The following tasks are described here e To zoom into the diagram at one position on page 403 e To return to selection mode in the diagram on page 404 e To return to original display on page 404 e To zoom into multiple positions in the diagram on page 404 To zoom into the diagram at one position 1 Click on the Single Zoom icon in the toolbar Zoom mode is activated 2 Select the area in the diagram to be enlarged on the touch screen The selected area is indicated by a dotted rectangle When you leave the touch screen the diagram is replaced by the zoomed trace area 3 Repeat these steps if necessary to enlarge the diagram further User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 403 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Zoomed Displays Scrolling in the zoomed display You can scroll the diagram area to display the entire diagram using the scrollbars at the right and at the bottom of the diagram Il t zi CF 13 1814 9 237 5 5p n 2 3738 To return to selection mode in the diagram While you are in zoom mode touching the screen changes the zoom area In order to select or move a trace or marker you must switch back to selection mode X Select the Selection mode icon in the toolbar To r
59. STem DISPlay FPANel STATe on page 943 Mini Front Panel If you require a front panel display but do not want to lose too much space for results in the display area a mini front panel is available The mini version displays only the main function hardkeys in a separate window in the display area This window can be closed automatically after pressing a key Auto Close option or remain open as desired Mini SoftFrontPanel x FREQ AMPT AUTO PEAK CHANNEL SCALE SET SEARCH MER INPUT RUN RUN DEG reso f nde Close Panel Tile Max Toggle User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 540 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup 9 4 3 Display Settings Note You can also activate the Mini Front Panel using the key combination ALT M be aware of the keyboard language defined in the operating system This is useful when you are working from a remote PC and the Front Panel function is not active Remote command SYSTem DISPlay FPANel STATe on page 943 Display Theme and Colors You can configure the used colors and styles of display elements on the screen These settings are available in the Theme Color tab of the Display dialog box For step by step instructions see chapter 9 6 6 How to Configure the Colors for Display and Printing on page 550 General Displayed Items Theme Color Configure Monitor Theme BlueOcean GrayStone OrangeValley PrinterOptimized Screen Colors
60. SW Data Management Storing and Recalling Instrument Settings and Measurement Data Parameter grid cal correction noise source input 8 2 Storing and Recalling Instrument Settings and Mea surement Data Possibly you would like to restore or repeat a measurement you performed under specific conditions on the instrument Or you want to evaluate imported data in another application on the R amp S FSW and would like to restore the measurement settings applied during measurement In these cases you can store and recall instrument and measurement settings and possibly other related measurement data Two different methods are available for managing instrument settings e Quick Save Quick Recall a defined set of instrument or channel settings are stored or recalled quickly in just one step e Configurable Save Recall a user defined set of instrument or channel settings are stored to a definable storage location Ck FIAT FAW icteric attest cians ain a seca Paint Gies 491 e Configurable Storage and ReCalll cccccscccssseeceeeeceeeeeceeeeseaeeeceseeseueeeesseesaaees 493 How to Save and Load Instrument SettingS ccccsescccsseeeceseeceeeeesseseesseeeessaes 498 8 2 1 Quick Save Quick Recall The Quick Save and Quick Recall functions allow you to store instrument or channel settings very easily and quickly in one step Up to 10 different sets of settings can be stored to or recalled from save sets Each save set is identified
61. SW General Instrument Setup General Instrument Settings AQT 31 2601 ps SRate 32 0 Miz ts GHz Rec Length iggi E Hardware Info Versions Options System Messages Firmware Update Preset Preset Mode For details on operating modes see chapter 4 Applications and Operating Modes on page 88 Remote command SYSTem PRESet COMPatible on page 953 9 3 5 Service Functions When unexpected problems arise with the R amp S FSW some service functions may help you solve them The service functions are available in the Service dialog box which is displayed when you press the SETUP key and then select Service e R amp S Support OPI ATION on cesses ssccs vis cseiceicisene soreadis dawcewedenssionsdad cewnds caseeesenadeinsd cot penthseeed 528 Selftest Settings and RESUItS ccccccsccccsseeceseecssseeceseeceseecceseeceaeeeseueesseeeesaees 529 Calibration Signal A ira ccts ect occcencs teres saanewsavegensavstaeavesesneumasiwehsetieeecsem 530 ONGO FUION eea A 532 s Hardware Diagnosis sser i aandaa i akiai 534 9 3 5 1 R amp S Support Information In case of errors you can store useful information for troubleshooting and send it to your Rohde amp Schwarz support center User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 528 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup General Instrument Settings Service Spec trun em R amp S Support Selftest Calibration Signal Service Function Hardware Diagnostics Create R amp S Support I
62. Ximum PEAK on page 865 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum PEAK on page 868 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum PEAK on page 867 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum PEAK on page 869 Marker Search Area Defines which frames the search is performed in Visible Memory Only the visible frames are searched All frames stored in the memory are searched Remote command CALCulate CALCulate MARKer SGRam SARea on page 873 DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam SARea on page 8 6 Exclude LO If activated restricts the frequency range for the marker search functions User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 455 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions SEE EEE EEE EE Marker Usage ON The minimum frequency included in the peak search range is 2 5 x resolution bandwidth RBW Due to the interference by the first local oscillator to the first intermediate frequency at the input mixer the LO is represented as a signal at 0 Hz To avoid the peak marker jumping to the LO signal at 0 Hz this fre quency is excluded from the peak search OFF No restriction to the search range The frequency 0 Hz is included in the marker search functions Remote command CALCulate MARKer LOEXclude on page 861 Peak Excursion Defines the minimum level value by which a signal must rise or fall so that it will be identified as a maximum or a minimum by the search functions Entries from 0 dB to 80 dB are allo
63. ach other with trace mathematical functions User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 410 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions 1 3 14 7 3 1 6 Trace Configuration With linear averaging the level values in dB are converted into linear voltages or powers prior to averaging Voltage or power values are averaged or offset against each other and reconverted into level values For stationary signals the two methods yield the same result Logarithmic averaging is recommended if sinewave signals are to be clearly visible against noise since with this type of averaging noise suppression is improved while the sinewave signals remain unchanged For noise or pseudo noise signals the positive peak amplitudes are decreased in loga rithmic averaging due to the characteristic involved and the negative peak values are increased relative to the average value If the distorted amplitude distribution is averaged a value is obtained that is smaller than the actual average value The difference is 2 5 dB This low average value is usually corrected in noise power measurements by a 2 5 dB factor Therefore the R amp S FSW offers the selection of linear averaging The trace data is linearized prior to averaging then averaged and logarithmized again for display on the screen The average value is always displayed correctly irrespective of the signal char acteristic Combining Several Trace Results Trace Math Evaluation If you have several
64. alog box If neces sary correct individual data points or add or delete some If necessary shift the entire line vertically or horizontally by selecting the Shift x or Shift y button and defining the shift width Save the new configuration by selecting the Save button The new transducer line is displayed in the overview and can be activated How to move the transducer line vertically or horizontally A configured transducer line can easily be moved vertically or horizontally Thus a new transducer line can be easily generated based upon an existing transducer line which has been shifted 1 2 3 In the Line Config dialog box select the transducer line Select the Edit button In the Edit transducer Line dialog box select the Shift x or Shift y button and define the shift width Save the shifted data points by selecting the Save button If activated the trace is recalculated after the next sweep How to Configure the Colors for Display and Printing You can configure the style and colors with which various screen objects are displayed or printed To select a color set 1 2 3 Press the SETUP key and select the Display softkey Select the Theme Color tab In the Screen Colors area select a predefined set of colors to be used for screen display or select User Defined Colors to configure the color set yourself In the Print Colors area select a predefined set of colors to be us
65. alues for the frequency range are ignored Quasi Peak Resembles the behavior of an analog voltmeter by analyzing the measured val ues for a sample point The quasipeak detector is especially designed for the requirements of EMI measurements and is used for analyzing pulse shaped spurious This detector is only available if the R amp S FSW EMI measurement option K54 is installed The result obtained from the selected detector for a sweep point is displayed as the power value at this frequency point in the trace Sweep point n Sweep point n 1 Video Signal AVG SAMPLE RMS MAX PEAK AUTO PEAK MIN PEAK User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 407 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions SSS eee eee Trace Configuration The trace detector for the individual traces can be selected manually by the user or set automatically by the R amp S FSW The detectors of the R amp S FSW are implemented as pure digital devices All detectors work in parallel in the background which means that the measurement speed is inde pendent of the detector combination used for different traces o RMS detector and VBW If the RMS detector is selected the video bandwidth in the hardware is bypassed Thus duplicate trace averaging with small VBWs and RMS detector no longer occurs However the VBW is still considered when calculating the sweep time This leads to a longer sweep time for small VBW values Thus you can reduce the VBW value to achie
66. amarker lt m gt MREF on page 857 Linking to Another Marker Links the current marker to the marker selected from the list of active markers If the x axis value of the inital marker is changed the linked marker follows on the same x posi tion Linking is off by default Using this function you can set two markers on different traces to measure the difference e g between a max hold trace and a min hold trace or between a measurement and a reference trace Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m1 gt LINK TO MARKer lt m2 gt on page 859 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m1 gt LINK TO MARKer lt m2 gt on page 857 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt LINK on page 856 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 447 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Sooo TT TApAvApATATATAvAvT7TAvAvTvTAvATvAvVTAVv7vAvT7vAvAv7v7T7TpT7C vTp7 VN NvvUUUvNvTNTT__ ____ oS _ _ _ Marker Usage Assigning the Marker to a Trace The Trace setting assigns the selected marker to an active trace The trace determines which value the marker shows at the marker position If the marker was previously assigned to a different trace the marker remains on the previous frequency or time but indicates the value of the new trace The marker can also be assigned to the currently active trace using the Marker to Trace softkey in the Marker menu If a trace is turned off the assigned markers and mar
67. amp S FSW Data Management eee ee Importing and Exporting Measurement Results for Evaluation The file consists of the header containing important scaling parameters and a data section containing the trace data Optionally the header can be excluded from the file see Include Instrument Measurement Settings on page 424 The data of the file header consist of three columns each separated by a semicolon parameter name numeric value basic unit The data section starts with the keyword Trace lt n gt lt n gt number of stored trace followed by the measured data in one or several columns depending on the measurement which are also separated by a semi colon The results are output in the same order as they are displayed on the screen window by window trace by trace and table row by table row Generally the format of this ASCII file can be processed by spreadsheet calculation pro grams e g MS Excel Different language versions of evaluation programs may require a different handling of the decimal point Thus you can define the decimal separator to be used decimal point or comma see Decimal Separator on page 424 If the spectrogram display is selected when you select the ASCII Trace Export softkey the entire histogram buffer with all frames is exported to a file The data corresponding to a particular frame begins with information about the frame number and the time that frame was recorded Table 8 3 ASCII file for
68. amp S FSW fails you can perform a self test of the instrument to identify any defective modules The selftest settings and results are available in the Selftest tab of the Service dialog box User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 529 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup General Instrument Settings Service S i n 1 R amp S Support Selftest Calibration Signal Service Function Hardware Diagnostics Selftest Results Frontend Voltage volt test description result state Voltage 5V A 4 97 PASSED poo Voltage 5V B 4 92 PASSED Voltage 10V 9 89 PASSED 2V7 2 76 2V7 2 80 Once the self test is started all modules are checked consecutively and the test result is displayed You can abort a running test In case of failure a short description of the failed test the defective module the associated value range and the corresponding test results are indicated i A running Sequencer process is aborted when you start a self alignment Remote command TST on page 622 DIAGnostic SERVice STESt RESult on page 936 9 3 5 3 Calibration Signal Display Alternatively to the RF input signal from the front panel connector you can use the instru ment s calibration signal as the input signal for example to perform service functions on The calibration signal settings are available in the Calibration Signal tab of the Ser vice dialog box User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 530 R amp S FSW General Instru
69. ana i aaa aana Siana 449 Marker Table Display Defines how the marker information is displayed On Displays the marker information in a table in a separate area beneath the diagram Off Displays the marker information within the diagram area Auto Default Up to two markers are displayed in the diagram area If more markers are active the marker table is displayed automatically Remote command DISPlay MTABle on page 860 Marker Stepsize Defines the size of the steps that the marker position is moved using the rotary knob Standard The marker position is moved from pixel to pixel on the display This is the default and most suitable to move the marker over a larger distance Sweep Points The marker position is moved from one sweep point to the next This setting is required for a very precise positioning if more sweep points are collected than the number of pixels that can be displayed on the screen Remote command CALCulate MARKer X SSIZe on page 861 Defining a Fixed Reference Instead of using a reference marker that may vary its position depending on the mea surement results a fixed reference marker can be defined for trace analysis When you set the State to On a vertical and a horizontal red display line are displayed marked as FXD The normal marker 1 is activated and set to the peak value of the trace assigned to marker 1 and a delta marker to the next peak The fixed reference marker is set to the p
70. arker lt m gt MAXimum LEFT on page 867 MARKer lt m gt MAXimum LEFT on page 865 CALCulate lt n gt CALCulate lt n gt CALCulate lt n gt CALCulate lt n gt CALCulate lt n gt CALCulate lt n gt CALCulate lt n gt CALCulate lt n gt CALCulate lt n gt CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum NEXT on page 868 MARKer lt m gt MAXimum NEXT on page 865 DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum RIGHt on page 868 MARKer lt m gt MAXimum RIGHt on page 866 DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum LEFT on page 868 MARKer lt m gt MINimum LEFT on page 866 DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum NEXT on page 868 MARKer lt m gt MINimum NEXT on page 866 DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum RIGHt on page 869 MARKer lt m gt MINimum RIGHt on page 867 If activated restricts the frequency range for the marker search functions User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 451 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions SEE EEE EEE EE Marker Usage ON The minimum frequency included in the peak search range is 2 5 x resolution bandwidth RBW Due to the interference by the first local oscillator to the first intermediate frequency at the input mixer the LO is represented as a signal at 0 Hz To avoid the peak marker jumping to the LO signal at 0 Hz this fre quency is excluded from the peak search OFF No restriction to the search range The frequency 0 Hz is included in the marker search functions Remote command CALCulate MARKer LOEXclude on page 86
71. aseesaesensesenseeseseensesensees 442 e Defining a Fixed Reference Marketl ccccscccssscccsseeceeecceeeecsseeceueeseeeesseeessaees 442 e Measuring Characteristic Bandwidths n dB Down Marker cc csscccssseseeeeees 443 e Measuring the Power in a Channel Band cccccssccceseeceeeecceeeeceeeeseueessesessaees 444 e Demodulating Marker Values and Providing Audio Output ccccceseceeeeeeees 444 Performing a Highly Accurate Frequency Measurement Signal Count A normal marker determines the position of the point on the trace and indicates the signal frequency at this position The trace however contains only a limited number of points Depending on the selected span each trace point may contain many measurement val ues Thus the frequency resolution of each trace point is limited See also chapter 6 5 1 8 How Much Data is Measured Sweep Points and Sweep Count on page 366 Fre quency resolution is further restricted by the RBW and sweep time settings In order to determine the frequency of a signal point accurately without changing the sweep settings the R amp S FSW is equipped with a signal counter The signal counter sets the RF to the current marker position then counts the zero crossings of the IF thus the term signal counter and derives the precise frequency value User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 440 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions EES EEE Marker Usage Signa
72. ated data at the current marker frequency to the audio User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 444 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Marker Usage output Thus a displayed signal can be identified acoustically through the use of the internal loudspeaker or with headphones This function is not available for Spectrum Emission Mask measurements The sweep stops at the frequency determined by marker 1 for the selected time and the RF signal is demodulated in a bandwidth that corresponds to the RBW Alternatively demodulation can be activated continuously i e audio output occurs regardless of the marker position and the marker stop time For measurements in the time domain zero span demodulation is always continuous Optionally a mimumum level Squelch level can be defined so that the signal is only demodulated when it exceeds the set level This is useful during continuous demodulation to avoid listening to noise The squelch function activates the video trigger function see Video on page 385 and deactivates any other trigger or gating settings The squelch level and trigger level are set to the same value The trigger source in the channel bar is indicated as SQL for squelch The squelch level is indicated by a red line in the diagram 7 4 2 Marker Configuration When working with markers the following configuration settings and functions are avail able Marrer rst evant dtm ev ander tnd cect a a a 445 e
73. automatically adapts the trace data to the changed display range This allows an amplitude zoom to be made after the measurement in order to show details of the trace How Many Traces are Averaged Sweep Count Sweep Mode In Average trace mode the sweep count and sweep mode determine how many traces are averaged The more traces are averaged the smoother the trace is likely to become The algorithm for averaging traces depends on the sweep mode and sweep count e sweep count 0 default In Continuous Sweep mode a continuous average is calculated for 10 sweeps according to the following formula 9 Trace MeasValue 10 Trace Fig 7 3 Equation 1 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 409 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Trace Configuration Due to the weighting between the current trace and the average trace past values have practically no influence on the displayed trace after about ten sweeps With this setting signal noise is effectively reduced without need for restarting the averaging process after a change of the signal In Single Sweep mode the current trace is averaged with the previously stored averaged trace No averaging is carried out for the first sweep but the measured value is stored in the trace memory The next time a sweep is performed the trace average is calculated according to the following formula Trace Meas Value 2 Trace The averaged trace is
74. available again at a later time Remote command SENSe ROSCillator SOURce on page 932 SENSe ROSCillator SOURce EAUTo on page 933 Tuning Range Reference Frequency Input The tuning range is only available for the variable external reference frequency It deter mines how far the frequency may deviate from the defined level in parts per million 10 0 5 ppm With this smaller deviation a very narrow fixed loop bandwidth of 0 1 Hz is realized With this setting the instrument can synchronize to an exter nal reference signal with a very precise frequency Due to the very nar row loop bandwidth unwanted noise or spurious components on the external reference input signal are strongly attenuated Furthermore the loop requires about 30 seconds to reach a locked state During this locking process NO REF is displayed in the status bar 6 ppm The larger deviation allows the instrument to synchronize to less pre cise external reference input signals Frequency Reference Frequency Input Defines the external reference frequency to be used for variable connectors only Loop Bandwidth Reference Frequency Input Defines the speed of internal synchronization with the reference frequency The setting requires a compromise between performance and increasing phase noise For a variable external reference frequency with a narrow tuning range 0 5 ppm the loop bandwidth is fixed to 0 1 Hz and cannot be changed
75. ay Functions Trace Configuration Traces Trace Export CopyTrace Trace Math Spectrogram Detector Average Mode Auto Type Hold Linear Trace 2 Blank mm Logarithmic Trace 3 Blank Power D E __ a Trace 5 Blank Trace 6 Blank Quick Config Preset All Traces Set Trace Mode Set Trace Mode Max Avg Min Max ClrWrite Min Average Mode s snssssessssrssrerressrresrrereerrresrrrsresnrrerrsnererrenerenrernreerernereneranrereenrreneerni 420 Pe a E E E E E A A A E EE A E oats 420 Predefined Trace Settings QUICK CONTIG ccccssccecsseeceseeeceeeeecaseeseaeeeseuseensaeeess 420 Trace 1 Trace 2 Trace 3 Trace 4 SOftkeyS ccccccsseecsseeccseeeeeeeeceeeesseesaneeseeeesees 421 a 5 ci Ane eee er ee oe ee ee ee eee nine veer tere Mente ee ent 421 Trace 1 Trace 2 Trace 3 Trace 4 Trace 5 Trace 6 Selects the corresponding trace for configuration The currently selected trace is high lighted orange For details see chapter 7 3 3 1 How to Configure a Standard Trace on page 429 Remote command Selected via numeric suffix of TRACe lt 1 6 gt commands Trace Mode Defines the update mode for subsequent traces For details see chapter 7 3 1 2 Analyzing Several Traces Trace Mode on page 408 Clear Write Overwrite mode the trace is overwritten by each sweep This is the default setting The Detector is automatically set to Auto Peak User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 41
76. ble to install options User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 525 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup 9 3 4 3 9 3 4 4 General Instrument Settings System Messages The system messages generated by the R amp S FSW are displayed in the System Mes sages tab of the System Configuration dialog box The messages are displayed in the order of their occurrence the most recent messages are placed at the top of the list Messages that have occurred since you last visited the system messages tab are marked with an asterisk Hardware Info Versions Options System Messages Firmware Update Clear All Messages If the number of error messages exceeds the capacity of the error buffer Message buffer overflow is displayed To clear the message buffer use the Clear All Messages button The following information is available device specific error code brief description of the message Component hardware messages name of the affected module software messages name of the affected software Date Time date and time of the occurrence of the message Remote command SYSTem ERRor LIST on page 953 Firmware Updates During instrument start the installed hardware is checked against the current firmware version to ensure the hardware is supported If not an error message is displayed WRONG_FW and you are asked to update the firmware Until the firmware version is User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 526 R amp S FSW
77. by the Sequencer Furthermore the RUN SINGLE key on the front panel controls the Sequencer not indi vidual sweeps RUN SINGLE starts the Sequencer in single mode If the Sequencer is off only the evaluation for the currently displayed measurement channel is updated For details on the Sequencer see chapter 4 5 1 The Sequencer Concept on page 96 Remote command INITiate IMMediate on page 635 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 427 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions SSS eee EEE aa Trace Configuration Clear Spectrogram Resets the spectrogram result display and clears the history buffer Remote command CALCulate SGRam CLEar IMMediate on page 845 Color Map Settings The settings for color mapping are displayed in the Color Mapping dialog box that is displayed when you press the Color Mapping softkey in the Spectrogram menu or tap the color map in the spectrogram display For more information on color maps see Color Maps on page 414 For details on changing color mapping settings see How to Configure the Color Map ping on page 432 In addition to the available color settings the dialog box displays the current color map and provides a preview of the display with the current settings Start Shape 0 23 Stop 100 0 Hot Cold om Radar Grayscale Fig 7 10 Color Mapping dialog box 1 Color map shows the current color distribution 2 Preview pane shows a preview of the spectrogram
78. by its storage date and type instrument or specific channel in the display The save sets are stored in the C r_s instr user QuickSave directory in files named QuickSave1 df1 to QuickSavel0 dfl The storage file names and locations cannot be changed During recall save sets of type Instrument replace the settings of the entire instrument All other save sets start a new measurement channel with the stored settings lf a measurement channel with the same name as the channel to be restored is already active the channel name for the new channel is extended by a consecutive number Spectrum Spectrum 2 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 491 R amp S FSW Data Management Storing and Recalling Instrument Settings and Measurement Data 8 2 1 1 Quick Save Quick Recall Dialog Boxes E The QuickSave dialog box is displayed when you select the Save icon in the toolbar The Quick Recall dialog box is displayed when you select the Open icon in the toolbar or select the Quick Recall tab in the Recall dialog box Both dialog boxes are very similar and closely related Quick Save Save Save Sets ed Aug 17 201 hu Aug 18 201 ri Aug 19 2011 10 36 05 09 17 58 15 50 28 QuickSave 4 QuickSave 5 Instrument Instrument Instrument QuickSave 6 QuickSave 7 QuickSave 8 QuickSave 9 QuickSave 10 Instrument with all Channels Current Channel Cancel QuickSave 1 QuickSave a 2 ee a ee 492 Storage Type Save ON
79. ccsseeeceeeeeceeseeseeseesseesesseeeeees 467 Band Power Measurement State Activates or deactivates band power measurement for the marker in the diagram Band power markers are only available for standard frequency measurements not zero span in the Spectrum application If activated the markers display the power or density measured in the band around the current marker position For details see Measuring the Power in a Channel Band on page 444 Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion BPOWer STATe on page 886 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 466 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Il O NR Marker Usage Span Defines the span band around the marker for which the power is measured The span is indicated by lines in the diagram Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion BPOWer SPAN on page 886 Power Mode Defines the mode of the power measurement result Power The result is an absolute power level displayed in dBm Density The result is a power level in relation to the bandwidth displayed in dBm Hz Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion BPOWer MODE on page 885 Switching All Band Power Measurements Off Deactivates band power measurement for all markers Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion BPOWer STATe on page 886 Marker Demodulation A special marker can be used to demodulate the signal at a particular po
80. ce 1 is set e Set the fixed reference marker to the current peak value by selecting the Peak Search button in the Marker Config tab of the Marker dialog box e Move the FXD display lines that define the position of the fixed reference marker by dragging them on the screen How to Assign a Fixed Reference Marker to Delta Markers 1 2 In the Marker dialog box select the horizontal Markers tab For the active delta marker that is to refer to the fixed reference marker select FXD from the Ref Marker list The delta marker indicates the offset of the current trace value at the marker position from the fixed reference value 7 4 3 3 How to Output the Demodulated Signal Accoustically For long sweep times you may wish to monitor a measurement accoustically rather than visually to determine when a certain signal level is reached Risk of hearing damage To protect your hearing make sure that the volume setting is not too high before putting on the headphones oe Oo 6S Set marker 1 to the signal level you want to monitor Press the MKR FUNCT key Select the Select Marker Function softkey Select the Marker Demodulation button Select the Marker Demod Config softkey The marker function results are determined immediately according to the default set tings Define how long you want to hear the output signal when the marker value is reached by entering the duration in the Marker Stop Time field
81. ch Settings SearchLimits Left Limit a E 26 5 GHz Right Limit Threshold E 120 0 dBm Use Zoom Limits Off Search Mode for Next P ak cccccccccecececcceccccacscececccuceacacstececuceacacsteneuavavansneneauaeas 451 iar sctssisodeastdin sa en rndc ye maracitcendrermenrwantelp ash oeeinasosdesmovatunmbokaye naonivoiedaminansusla sume tndieawSaweweeuinageweseun 451 Pook Te cesses cise a E NO E TNA 452 Auto Max Min Peak SOB eiiccitscinoaic isis tvacusdvnniesncmesevee siandaseWacatac des Seereandudewbaneacdenenenakaasied 452 Search LIMIS iirst a AAA E aaa Aaea ia Ta aatia 452 L Search Limits Left Right 0 00 0 cc ccsseseeescesseessesseeeseeeceseeasseneseeeteeeeneeees 452 L Search ThreShold ccccccccccccccccccccecececceccccuccceseeececsueceeceucusueseueeeesuuueusesttsssueneny 453 L Using Zoom Limits 0 0 ccceececeeesceceseceeesseseeeeseseeesseneeesseneseseeasseneeastereeaeens 453 L Deactivating All Search Limits 0 00 c cccecececesesceee sess seseees sess seneeeseeseeeeeees 453 Search Mode for Next Peak Selects the search mode for the next peak search Left Absolute Right Determines the next maximum minimum to the left of the current peak Determines the next maximum minimum to either side of the current peak Determines the next maximum minimum to the right of the current peak Remote command CALCulate lt n gt CALCulLate lt n gt Exclude LO DELTam
82. chapter 10 Network and Remote Operation on page 553 Display settings are described in chapter 9 4 Display Settings on page 535 Reference Frequency SettingS cccccccseccceesecceesecccessecceaseecsageecsaueeeseaeeessaeees 515 er asso naea NEE EAN EEE NEEE 518 Alignment Settings scr cs aesedcxnecettetescecinn as kinninni nanana aana a aKa 522 e System Configuration oasis d ea tad dae xuaaeanedadmnnnie sadeunauedeadonnddanmsweaeededueds 524 SONOS Fates re tarot sia a a a e i 528 9 3 1 Reference Frequency Settings The reference frequency settings are defined in the Reference dialog box which is dis played when you press the SETUP key and then select Reference Reference Frequency Input O Internal Reference Tuning Range O External Reference 10 MHz o e External Reference 1 20 MHz Frequency e External Reference 100 MHz Sync Trigger In case of missing External Reference Show Error Flag amp Switch to Internal Reference Reference Frequency Output Output 100 MHz Off Output Sync Trigger o Off Output 640 MHz Off Reference Frequency INDut cccccssccccsececeseeeccsseeseaseecsaeeeeeueeessseeesaseeeteuseessaeeess 516 L Behavior in case of missing external reference eesesesseereresreresreree 516 L Tuning Range u eccecccescesssesceesceneceseeseseeeseseessseeeeassenssesseassenevereeesseneseresaeeees 517 E E A 517 L Loop BandWwidth c ccceessssss
83. creen 4 Touch and hold the blinking cross until it stops blinking Repeat this action for the crosses in the other corners How to Install an R amp S FSW Option Additional options for the R amp S FSW can be enabled using a license key To obtain the license key consult your sales representative You need the device ID and serial number of your instrument to get a license key see chapter 9 3 4 System Configuration Set tings on page 524 No additional installation is required How to Update the Instrument Firmware 1 Download the update package from the Rohde amp Schwarz website and store it on a memory stick on the instrument or on a server network drive that can be accessed by the instrument 2 NOTICE Stop measurement The firmware update must not be performed during a running measurement lf a measurement is running stop it by pressing the highlighted RUN CONT or RUN SINGLE key Press the SETUP key Select the Firmware Update tab In the file selection dialog box select the FSWSetup exe file Tap Install to start the update After the firmware update the R amp S FSW reboots automatically SS a pm et oe w Depending on the previous firmware version a reconfiguration of the hardware might be required during the first startup of the firmware The reconfiguration starts auto User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 547 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup LHR xR How to Configure the Basic Instrument Settings
84. ctivated How to delete an existing transducer line 1 2 3 In the Transducer dialog box select the transducer line Select the Delete button Confirm the message The transducer line is deleted After the next sweep the originally measured values are displayed How to configure a new transducer line 1 In the Transducer dialog box select the New button The Edit Transducer dialog box is displayed The current line configuration is dis played in the preview area of the dialog box The preview is updated after each change to the configuration Define a Name and optionally a Comment for the new transducer line Define the scaling for the x axis Define the data points minimum 2 maximum 50 a Select Insert Value b Define the x value Position and y value Value of the first data point c Select Insert Value again and define the second data point User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 549 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup 9 6 6 6 How to Configure the Basic Instrument Settings d Repeat this to insert all other data points To insert a data point before an existing one select the data point and then Insert Value To insert a new data point at the end of the list move the focus to the line after the last entry and then select Insert Value To delete a data point select the entry and then Delete Value Check the current line configuration in the preview area of the di
85. d Alignment of the touch screen is useful e Atfirst use e After an image update or after exchanging a hard disk e lf you notice that touching a specific point on the screen does not achieve the correct response e lf the position of the instrument has been changed and you cannot look straight on the screen e lf another person operates the instrument 9 2 Basics on Transducer Factors The transducer allows you to manipulate the trace at discrete trace points to correct the signal coming from an input device Transducers are often used to correct the frequency response for antennas for example The transducer is configured by defining transducer factors for specific trace points A set of transducer factors defines an interpolated trans ducer line and can be stored on the instrument In the Spectrum application the correction factor from all active transducers is calculated for each displayed trace point once in advance and is added to the result of the level measurement during the sweep If the sweep range changes the correction values are calculated again If several measured values are combined in one point only one value is taken into consideration If the active transducer line is not defined for the entire sweep range the missing values are replaced by zeroes When a transducer is used the trace is shifted by a calculated factor However an upward shift reduces the dynamic range for the displayed values Thus the reference lev
86. d TRACe lt n gt COPY on page 844 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 421 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Se ood UvN7TNARTumTTTTTTNTNNTNTNNvTAvTTTTTTTTTTNTTNTTTNTNTNTTvTvTTvTNTNTTvTTTTNTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNTNTNJ7JToUTWVTTTTl2SE_ SEES MMI Trace Configuration 7 3 2 2 Trace Math Trace math settings can be configured via the TRACE key in the Trace Math tab of the Traces dialog box Traces Trace Export Copy Trace Trace Math Spectrogram T1 T2 gt T1 T1 T3 gt Tl1 T1 T4 gt T1 T1 T6 gt T1 Trace Math Off Math Mode Trace Math FU CG sinceSindiccsnenecavcenendsonnsanensnsionswatenasnhebsestinnlsadensvandedasancdbanlaniansseusenoae 422 Trace Te ER aE a 423 Tace NAN F OSMOM a aa ENEE ee Pe 423 Trace Math MOQO eeen E E a aaa 423 Trace Math Function Defines which trace is subtracted from trace 1 The result is displayed in trace 1 and refers to the zero point defined with the Trace Math Position setting The following subtractions can be performed T1 T2 gt T1 Subtracts trace 2 from trace 1 T1 T3 gt T1 Subtracts trace 3 from trace 1 T1 T4 gt T1 Subtracts trace 4 from trace 1 T1 T5 gt T1 Subtracts trace 5 from trace 1 T1 T6 gt T1 Subtracts trace 6 from trace 1 To switch off the trace math use the Trace Math Off button Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MATH EXPression DEFine on page 850 CALCulate lt n gt MATH STATe on page 851 User Manual 1173 9411 02
87. d data for a frequency span of 5 MHz span lt sweep points gt is analyzed Note that if you increase the number of sweep points the frequency span analyzed for each point in the trace decreases making the result more stable See also chap ter 6 5 1 8 How Much Data is Measured Sweep Points and Sweep Count on page 366 Obviously a data reduction must be performed to determine which of the samples are displayed for each sweep point This is the trace detector s task The trace detector can analyze the measured data using various methods The detector activated for the specific trace is indicated in the corresponding trace infor mation by an abbreviation Table 7 1 Detector types Positive Peak Pk Determines the largest of all positive peak values of the levels measured at the individual frequencies which are displayed in one sample point Negative Peak Determines the smallest of all negative peak values of the levels measured at the individual frequencies which are displayed in one sample point User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 406 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Trace Configuration Auto Peak Ap Combines the peak detectors determines the maximum and the minimum value of the levels measured at the individual frequencies which are displayed in one sample point not available for SEM RMS Rm Calculates the root mean square of all samples contained in a sweep point To this effect R amp S FSW uses
88. d in Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum NEXT on page 866 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum NEXT on page 868 Center Frequency Marker Frequency Sets the center frequency to the selected marker or delta marker frequency A peak can thus be set as center frequency for example to analyze it in detail with a smaller span This function is not available for zero span measurements Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion CENTer on page 762 Reference Level Marker Level Sets the reference level to the selected marker level Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion REFerence on page 774 7 4 2 3 Marker Function Configuration Special marker functions can be selected via the Marker Function dialog box To display this dialog box do one of the following e Press the MKR FUNC key then select the Select Marker Function softkey e Inthe Overview select Analysis and switch to the vertical Marker Function Con fig tab User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 458 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Marker Usage All Functions Off The remote commands required to define these settings are described in chapter 11 8 3 Working with Markers on page 855 Precise Frequency Signal Count Marker csccccsecceeeeeeceseeceeseeeaseesneeeesees 459 Noise Measurement Market cccccccccccececeeceseeseseeeeeeesuceus
89. d within the diagram area a separate marker table may be displayed beneath the diagram This table provides the following information for all active markers Marker type N normal D delta T temporary internal and number Ow fowm S Re Reference marker for delta markers Tre Trace to which the marker is assigned 7 4 1 4 Searching for Signal Peaks A common task in spectrum analysis is determining peak values i e maximum or mini mum signal levels The R amp S FSW provides various peak search functions and applica tions e Setting a marker to a peak value once Peak Search e Searching for a peak value within a restricted search area Search Limits e Creating a marker table with all or a defined number of peak values for one sweep Marker Peak List e Updating the marker position to the current peak value automatically after each sweep Auto Peak Search e Creating a fixed reference marker at the current peak value of a trace Peak Search User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 438 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions i OOOO ESE _ Marker Usage Peak search limits The peak search can be restricted to a search area The search area is defined by limit lines which are also indicated in the diagram In addition a minimum value threshold can be defined as a further search condition When is a peak a peak Peak excursion During a peak search for example when a marker peak table is displayed noise value
90. dditional condition for the peak search Only peaks that exceed the threshold are detected Remote command CALCulate THReshold on page 864 Using Zoom Limits Search Limits If activated the peak search is restricted to the active zoom area defined for a single zoom see Single Zoom on page 402 Remote command CALCulate MARKer X SLIMits ZOOM STATe on page 863 Deactivating All Search Limits Search Limits Deactivates the search range limits Remote command CALCulate MARKer X SLIMits STATe on page 862 CALCulate THReshold STATe on page 864 Positioning Functions The following functions set the currently selected marker to the result of a peak search or set other characteristic values to the current marker value These functions are avail able as softkeys in the Marker To menu which is displayed when you press the MKR gt key oel EST i AS csen E ac es poset AE dee ne ease sessed segues deine cannon 457 Search Next Pe ak ccccccececcccccccecccececccccecececeauaeaceceueuacseeseceneacecetenecuaeaueenecuanseenes 457 Search MINIMUM oie ee tweeted need aada Aa N A A aaia dadai 458 Search Next MINIMUM ies iesicnisein s cdg acineaceubonnenkveuvaeecudanc ted saxeadeu tee aandndacuvdwenenuewnsai evactsaanstas 458 Center Frequency Marker Frequency ccsscccssccceseeceeeeecsseecaueeceueeesaeeesegeeseaeeess 458 Reference Level Marker Le Vel cccccccccccececccecccscececcceacecetecuacacet
91. ding to function module The results are classified as follows PASSED Calibration successful without any restrictions CHECK Deviation of correction value larger than expected correction could however be per formed FAILED Deviations of correction value too large no correction was possible The found correc tion data is not applicable User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 512 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup n Basics on Transducer Factors The results are available until the next self alignment process is started or the instrument is switched off Temperature check During self alignment the instrument s frontend temperature is also measured as soon as the instrument has warmed up completely This temperature is used as a reference for a continuous temperature check during operation If the current temperature deviates from the stored self alignment temperature by a certain degree a warning is displayed in the status bar indicating the resulting deviation in the measured power levels A status bit in the STATUs QUEStionable TEMPerature register indicates a possible devia tion The current temperature of the RF Frontend can be queried using a remote com mand see SOURce TEMPerature FRONtend on page 937 Touch screen alignment When the device is delivered the touch screen is initially calibrated However to ensure that the touch screen responds to the finger contact correctly a touch screen alignment is require
92. eas all others are defined as delta markers with reference to the first marker All markers are assigned to trace 1 but only the first marker is active Se aE CE p A T E E E E T 446 Markor ea gd es a aaa aAa head E eE RE nes Ean E 446 Marker Position ARON Fe sede ciane wonton icisnacenastndanniesiinidannbuimacsadadatiohitiantundaainudetdaatoenetetdaais 447 Frame Spectrogram OI isos ce vies sies eenesetevssacnawsensersuaseisaaneetesineonedneridunasedencedinavesnes 447 Te a pesrernconrses caste nereeie sleep a oboe nantaaaesienciinamessahemtueaed 447 Reference I cated bcc ccrsancnaudoderacentecadieesdatnenadideuedeuneiadadabedumbectendncuadetmaxedosayeceumacendies 447 Linking to Another TP siirsin idaan anaiai adik 447 Assigning the Marker to a I PCG ies vacsiaresevessaciusrsrvascacpeeandvenaeesewuanaraeesenebeanebecdyameduanout 448 as pesce dace sce pase ada det tad des ss AS Settee das ea ite deeded 448 AE MN taeda cess see buh nn ee nor streams EE pence tere ade 448 Selected Marker Marker name The marker which is currently selected for editing is highlighted orange Remote command Marker selected via suffix lt m gt in remote commands Marker State Activates or deactivates the marker in the diagram Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt STATe on page 859 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt STATe on page 858 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 446 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions O O eee Marke
93. eceneacseeneceaeas 458 Peak Search Sets the selected marker delta marker to the maximum of the trace If no marker is active marker 1 is activated For spectrogram displays define which frame the peak is to be searched in Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum PEAK on page 865 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum PEAK on page 868 Search Next Peak Sets the selected marker delta marker to the next lower maximum of the assigned trace If no marker is active marker 1 is activated For spectrogram displays define which frame the next peak is to be searched in Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum NEXT on page 865 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum NEXT on page 868 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 457 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions EEE Marker Usage Search Minimum Sets the selected marker delta marker to the minimum of the trace If no marker is active marker 1 is activated For spectrogram displays define which frame the minimum is to be searched in Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum PEAK on page 867 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum PEAK on page 869 Search Next Minimum Sets the selected marker delta marker to the next higher minimum of the selected trace If no marker is active marker 1 is activated For spectrogram displays define which frame the next minimum is to be searche
94. ectrogram display describes the power levels the colors represent Result display The spectrogram result can consist of the following elements eifm Avglog 24 01 dBm 950 00 MHz 72 31 dB 266 00 MHz 60 d m ay r 80 d m k a i Li j ur eh O 19 GHz 110 0 dBm 5 E i00 dBm O rame 50 Marker EREIN E T Function Result 1 iN 950 0 MHz 23 97 dem 3 T 20 il 20 Wi iHa aie J 16 0 MHz Fig 7 5 Screen layout of the spectrogram result display 1 Spectrum result display 2 Spectrogram result display 3 Current frame indicator 4 Time stamp frame number User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 412 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Trace Configuration 5 Color map 6 Marker 7 Delta marker 8 Marker list Time Frames The time information in the spectrogram is displayed vertically along the y axis Each line or trace of the y axis represents one or more captured sweeps and is called a time frame or simply frame As with standard spectrum traces several measured values are combined in one sweep point using the selected detector see chapter 7 3 1 1 Mapping Samples to Sweep Points with the Trace Detector on page 406 Frames are sorted in chronological order beginning with the most recently recorded frame at the top of the diagram frame number 0 With the next sweep the previous frame is moved further down in the diagram
95. ed for printing screenshots or select User Defined Colors to configure the color set yourself Activate the Show Print Colors on Display option to see a preview of the print colors User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 550 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup nail How to Configure the Basic Instrument Settings To configure a user defined color set 1 Inthe Theme Color tab of the Display dialog box select User Defined Colors either for the screen or the print colors 2 Select Modify User Color The Screen Color Setup dialog box is opened 3 From the Selected Object list select the object to which you want to assign a color 4 Selecta color from the Predefined Colors or select the Userdefined Colors but ton to define a different color The Preview area indicates the currently selected color 5 To assign a user specific color to the selected object do one of the following e Select the color from the palette e Enter values for the Tint Saturation and Brightness Note In the continuous color spectrum Tint red is represented by 0 and blue by 100 e Enter an ARGB value in hexadecimal format 6 Select the next object to which you want to assign a color from the Selected Object list and assign a color as described Repeat these steps until all objects you want to configure have been assigned a color 7 Select OK to close the dialog box and apply the colors to the assigned objects
96. el can be adapted automatically to restore the original dynamic range The reference level is shifted by the maximum transducer factor By default if transducers are active the ref erence level function is adapted automatically to obtain the best dynamic performance User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 513 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup General Instrument Settings If a transducer factor is active TDF is displayed in the channel bar B21 When using probes for RF input transducers are automatically created according to the probe s detected characteristics as soon as the probe is connected see chapter 6 2 1 2 RF Input from the Analog Baseband Connector on page 275 L Transducers can also be defined when an optional external mixer is used R amp S FSW Y Axis Unit The individual transducer factors can be defined as absolute values or relative dB val ues However all factors for one transducer line use the same unit As soon as a trans ducer is activated the unit of the transducer is automatically used for all the level settings and outputs The unit cannot be changed in the amplitude settings since the R amp S FSW and the active transducer are regarded as one measuring instrument Only for relative transducer factors unit dB the unit originally set on the instrument is maintained and can be changed When all transducers have been switched off the R amp S FSW returns to the unit that was used before a transduc
97. en an optional external mixer is used R amp S FSW B21 Transduc r eae caesar cts ncsterss dae cemnciete ceria eens Sececaete ee donnie vesateeedeisecs 518 e IToncaucor r aC e N EO AE 520 Transducer Management The settings required to manage all transducer lines on the instrument are described here ame l Unit Compatible Active L TRANSDUCER 1 dB yes Adjust Ref Level Comment View Filter Show compatible For the transducer line overview the R amp S FSW searches for all stored transducer lines with the file extension TDF in the trd subfolder of the main installation folder The over view allows you to determine which transducer lines are available and can be used for the current measurement For details on settings for individual lines see chapter 9 3 2 2 Transducer Factors on page 520 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 518 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup M General Instrument Settings For instructions on configuring and working with transducers see chapter 9 6 5 How to Configure the Transducer on page 548 PAY AE A A E AI E A E T 519 Da E AE EEA rete rate ne op E I E ATN EE EE E S E E TE 519 A eea E E I EER 519 Activating Deactivating ressissaad Eaa RRA 519 Ba aLa A EET E A AE A A AA I O T A E T 519 Included Lines in Overview View Filter ccccccsseccsseeeeeseceeseeceaeeesseeseseeessseesaaees 520 Adjusting the Reference LOVE soi iid cnrcousosductadecsusudccuswde
98. ency on page 888 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion NDBDown TIME on page 889 Reference Fixed Instead of using a reference marker that may vary its position depending on the mea surement results a fixed reference marker can be defined for trace analysis Once posi tioned the reference marker does not move during subsequent sweeps unless you explicitely move it manually When you select this marker function a vertical and a horizontal red display line are displayed marked as FXD A normal marker is activated and set to the peak value and a delta marker to the next peak The fixed reference marker is set to the position of the normal marker at the peak value The delta marker refers to the fixed reference marker 1 Frequency Sweep CF 30 0 MHz 1001 pts 4 0 MHz Span 40 0 MHz 2 Marker Table Type Ref Stimulus Response Function Function Result FXD 30 0 27 07 dBm Mi 30 0 MHz 27 07 dBm D2 FXO 3 397 MHz 57 06 dB You can move the position of the fixed reference marker graphically by dragging the display lines or numerically by entering values for the marker position and level For more information see chapter 7 4 3 2 How to Use a Fixed Reference Marker on page 471 Band Power Marker For each of the 16 markers band power measurement can be activated Band power measurement markers are configured in the Band Power Config dialog box using the Band Power function The individual marker settings correspond
99. er 9 1 Basics on Alignment on page 512 The alignment settings are defined in the Alignment dialog box which is displayed when you press the SETUP key and then select Alignment User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 522 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup General Instrument Settings Alignment Results Alignment of DC Offset al Alignment of IF frequency response direct path Abort Self Alignment 9 q y p path Alignment of IF frequency response rf pre filter Touch Screen Alignment Starting a SSI ANOQMINGN aise scons cedcnstaensatuncsenedanencudepsmecwanueecanncuinesdece deaaneceuncwsneieceeceeis 523 Aborting the STA trricciancdttesnteseeiendaetautpada Aeetanu onda twiwarctanssedeieeeeamtanneremieeion 523 Starting the Touch Screen AliQnMent cccccccecccsecceeecseeceeeceeeeeeecsaeesaeeseeeseaeesaeees 523 Allgniment We SU einierde 523 Starting a Self alignment Starts recording correction data for the instrument If the correction data acquisition fails or if the correction values are deactivated a corresponding message is displayed in the status field For details see chapter 9 1 Basics on Alignment on page 512 Note A running Sequencer operation is aborted when you start a self alignment Remote command CAL on page 619 see also CALibration ALL on page 934 Aborting the Self alignment As long as the self alignment data is being collected the procedure can be cancelled using the Ab
100. er select a transducer line in the overview and select the Active setting for it The trace is automatically recalculated for the next sweep after a transducer line is activated 2 To deactivate a transducer line deactivate the Active setting for it After the next sweep the originally measured values are displayed How to edit existing transducer lines Existing transducer line configurations can be edited 1 Inthe Transducer dialog box select the transducer line 2 Select the Edit button User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 548 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup 3 How to Configure the Basic Instrument Settings Edit the line configuration as described in How to configure a new transducer line on page 549 Save the new configuration by selecting the Save button The trace is automatically recalculated for the next sweep if the transducer line is active How to copy an existing transducer line 1 2 In the Transducer dialog box select the transducer line Select the Copy button The Edit Transducer dialog box is opened with the configuration of the selected transducer Define a new name to create a new transducer with the same configuration as the source line Edit the line configuration as described in How to configure a new transducer line on page 549 Save the new configuration by selecting the Save button The new transducer line is displayed in the overview and can be a
101. er was activated Configuration The R amp S FSW supports transducer lines with a maximum of 1001 data points Eight of the transducer lines stored in the instrument can be activated simultaneously The num ber of transducer lines stored in the instrument is only limited by the capacity of the stor age device used A transducer line consists of the following data e A maximum of 1001 data points with a position and value e A unit for the values e Aname to distinguish the transducer lines Validity The transducer factors must comply with the following rules to ensure correct operation e The frequencies for the data points must always be defined in ascending order Oth erwise the entry will not be accepted and the an error message is displayed e The frequencies of the data points may exceed the valid frequency range of the R amp S FSW since only the set frequency range is taken into account for measurements The minimum frequency of a data point is 0 Hz the maximum frequency 200 GHz e The value range for the transducer factor is 200 dB e Gain has to be entered as a negative value and attenuation as a positive value 9 3 General Instrument Settings Instrument settings can be configured via the SETUP key User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 514 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup General Instrument Settings Network and Remote Settings Display Settings Settings for network and remote operation are described in
102. erence level and level range Note that changing the reference level and level range of the measurement also affects the color mapping in the spectrogram Editing the shape of the color curve The color curve is a tool to shift the focus of the color distribution on the color map By default the color curve is linear i e the colors on the color map are distributed evenly If you shift the curve to the left or right the distribution becomes non linear The slope of the color curve increases or decreases One end of the color palette then covers a large amount of results while the other end distributes several colors over a relatively small result range The color curve shape can be set numerically or graphically User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 433 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Trace Configuration To set the color curve shape graphically using the slider gt Select and drag the color curve shape slider indicated by a gray box in the middle of the color curve to the left or right The area beneath the slider is focussed i e more colors are distributed there Color Happi see el roger am i 10ers 10de idem A0dEm 70dEm E0MEm EDHEM HE 30de m 20BEm LOdE m O S T E Hot l Cold C Radar C Grayscale To set the color curve shape numerically gt Inthe Shape field enter a value to change the shape of the curve e A negative value 1 to lt 0 focusses the lower values e Odefi
103. esscecscssecececerecscesrecresaeesaeseasssaevsassenevenevsnetsneeaes 517 Reference Frequency OUutput cccccsecccssecesseceececeececseeeceeceageceaeesaueesasessaeeeeaeessanes 517 Resetting the Default VAISS ois vice sccacets cevdeccedersidecsstastineaaesesctonensdbseitiaaeieesienncsdccuseueetes 518 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 915 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup OOOO 3B General Instrument Settings Reference Frequency Input The R amp S FSW can use the internal reference source or an external reference source as the frequency standard for all internal oscillators A 10 MHz crystal oscillator is used as the internal reference source In the external reference setting all internal oscillators of the R amp S FSW are synchronized to the external reference frequency External references are connected to one of the REF INPUT or the SYNC TRIGGER connectors on the rear panel For details see the Getting Started manual Note Optionally R amp S FSW B4 the more precise OCXO signal can replace the internal reference source The default setting is the internal reference When an external reference is used EXT REF is displayed in the status bar The following reference inputs are available Table 9 1 Available Reference Frequency Input Frequency Tuning Loop Band Description Range width Internal 10 MHz 1 100 Hz Internal reference signal or OCXO option R amp S FSW B4 External Reference 10 MHz 6 ppm 1 100 H
104. eturn to original display Q Click on the Zoom Off icon in the toolbar The original trace display is restored Zoom mode remains active however To switch off zoom mode and return to selection mode select the Selection mode icon in the toolbar To zoom into multiple positions in the diagram 1 EG Click on the Multiple Zoom icon in the toolbar Multiple zoom mode is activated User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 404 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions i EEEEEEEEEETEIETETETETETETETOTOTOTITITITITITTTTIIII_XIX_X XTXXIX gt X7 X gt CCADD AD gt D gt LCD gt D _ 7 gt 7 7 777 gt _ Trace Configuration 2 Select the first area in the diagram to be enlarged on the touch screen The selected area is indicated by a dotted rectangle When you have completed your selection the original trace is shown in an overview diagram with the selected area indicated by a dotted rectangle The zoomed trace area is displayed in a separate window see figure 2 3 Inthe overview diagram select the next area to be enlarged The second zoom area is indicated in the overview diagram and a second zoom window is displayed 4 Repeat these steps if necessary to zoom into further trace areas up to four To move or change zoom areas In multiple zoom mode you can change the size or position of the individual zoom areas easily at any time 1 If necessary switch off zoom mode and return to selection mode b
105. grams the standard spectrum result display upper diagram and the spectrogram result display lower diagram For details see chapter 7 3 1 6 Spectrograms on page 411 Remote command LAY ADD 1 RIGH SGR see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 756 How to Select an Evaluation Method All evaluation methods available for the currently selected measurement are displayed in the evaluation bar in SmartGrid mode The same evaluation method can be displayed in several windows simultaneously User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 399 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Zoomed Displays i For details on working with the SmartGrid see the R amp S FSW Getting Started manual gt To activate SmartGrid mode do one of the following e Select the EJ SmartGrid icon from the toolbar e Select the Display Config button in the configuration Overview e Select the Display Config softkey from the MEAS CONFIG menu The Smartgrid functions and the evaluation bar are displayed To close the SmartGrid mode and restore the previous softkey menu select the 2 lt Close icon in the righthand corner of the toolbar or press any key on the front panel 7 2 Zoomed Displays You can zoom into the diagram to visualize the measurement results in greater detail Using the touch screen or a mouse pointer you can easily define the area to be enlarged O Zoom and the number of sweep points Note that zooming is merely a visual tool
106. h statistics measurements y Unit dBm Unit of y values dB V A W depending on the selected unit with y axis LOG or with y axis LIN Values 1001 Number of measurement points Number of exported frames Most recent frame number Timestamp 17 Mar 11 11 27 05 990 Timestamp of this frame User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 506 R amp S FSW Data Management 8 4 8 4 1 Creating Screenshots of Current Measurement Results and Settings 10000 10 3 15 7 Measured values identical to spectrum data 10130 11 5 16 9 lt x value gt lt y1 gt lt y2 gt lt y2 gt being available only with detector 40360 12 0 17 4 AUTOPEAK and containing in this case the smallest of the two measured values for a measurement point Timestamp 17 Mar 11 11 27 05 342 Timestamp of this frame Creating Screenshots of Current Measurement Results and Settings In order to document the graphical results and the most important settings for the currently performed measurement you can create a hardcopy or screenshot of the current display Screenshots can either be printed or stored to a file e Print and Screenshot SOUS accede cet er deesenstnnindsedvesdecacdanieueb acts ccuadeeeaenocdserdenoanas 507 e How to Store or Print Screenshots of the Display ccccccssccseeeessesseeeeeeesaaes 511 Print and Screenshot Settings The settings for saving and printing screenshots are configured via the Print menu which is displayed when yo
107. he search mode for the next peak search within the currently selected frame Left Determines the next maximum minimum to the left of the current peak Absolute Determines the next maximum minimum to either side of the current peak Right Determines the next maximum minimum to the right of the current peak Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum LEFT on page 865 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum NEXT on page 865 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum RIGHt on page 866 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum LEFT on page 866 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum NEXT on page 866 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum RIGHt on page 867 Search Mode for Next Peak in Y Direction Selects the search mode for the next peak search within all frames at the current marker position Up Determines the next maximum minimum above the current peak in more recent frames Absolute Determines the next maximum minimum above or below the current peak in all frames User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 454 Down Common Analysis and Display Functions Marker Usage Determines the next maximum minimum below the current peak in older frames Remote command CALCulate CALCulate CALCulate CALCulate CALCulate CALCulate MARKer lt m gt SGRam Y MAXimum ABOVe on page 873 CALCulate MARKer lt m gt SGRam Y MAXimum BELow on page 873 CALCulate MARKer lt m gt SGRam Y
108. ich displays an enlarged extract of the trace This function can be used repetitively until the required details are visible Remote command DISPlay WINDow lt n gt ZOOM STATe on page 838 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt ZOOM AREA on page 838 Multiple Zoom In multiple Zoom mode you can enlarge several different areas of the trace simultane ously An overview window indicates the zoom areas in the original trace while the zoomed trace areas are displayed in individual windows The zoom area that corresponds to the individual zoom display is indicated in the lower right corner between the scrollbars Remote command DISPlay WINDow lt n gt ZOOM MULTiple lt zoom gt STATe on page 839 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt ZOOM MULTiple lt zoom gt AREA on page 839 Restore Original Display Restores the original display and closes all zoom windows Remote command DISPlay WINDow lt n gt ZOOM STATe on page 838 single zoom DISPlay WINDow lt n gt Z00M MULTiple lt zoom gt STATe on page 839 for each multiple zoom window Deactivating Zoom Selection mode Deactivates zoom mode tapping the screen no longer invokes a zoom but selects an object Remote command DISPlay WINDow lt n gt ZOOM STATe on page 838 single zoom DISPlay WINDow lt n gt Z0OM MULTiple lt zoom gt STATe on page 839 for each multiple zoom window User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 402 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions OOOO ES
109. icon in the toolbar Some functions for particular data types are also available via softkeys or dialog boxes in the corresponding menus e g trace data or marker peak lists For a description of the other functions in the Save Recall menu see the R amp S FSW User Manual FT AET sage ence A O E seers E senses TE E A meena aes 501 L Export Trace to ASCII File c ccccssecssssssecscsssececenesececsaseecessassenessasvenevenevens 501 L Trace Export Configuration 00ccc ccccccscecsessseeeesseseeesseeesessesesassesseaseeneeaeeeas 501 Roa A 502 LL EE 2 a er rn ee T 502 Export Opens a submenu to configure data export Export Trace to ASCII File Export Opens a file selection dialog box and saves the selected trace in ASCII format dat to the specified file and directory The results are output in the same order as they are displayed on the screen window by window trace by trace and table row by table row If the spectrogram display is selected when you perform this function the entire histogram buffer with all frames is exported to a file The data corresponding to a particular frame begins with information about the frame number and the time that frame was recorded For large history buffers the export operation may take some time For details on the file format see chapter 8 3 4 1 Reference ASCII File Export For mat on page 503 Remote command MMEMory STORe lt n gt TRACe on page 927 MMEMory STORe SGRam on
110. ies and levels of peaks in the spectrum It is updated automatically after each sweep How many peaks are displayed can be defined as well as the sort order In addition the detected peaks can be indicated in the diagram The peak list can also be exported to a file for analysis in an external application Automatic peak search A peak search can be repeated automatically after each sweep in order to keep the max imum value as the reference point for a phase noise measurement This is useful to track a drifting source The delta marker 2 which shows the phase noise measurement result keeps the delta frequency value Therefore the phase noise measurement leads to reli able results in a certain offset although the source is drifting Using a peak as a fixed reference marker Some results are analyzed in relation to a peak value for example a carrier frequency level In this case the maximum level can be determined by an initial peak search and then be used as a reference point for further measurement results Special Marker Functions In addition to basic markers sophisticated marker functions are provided for special results such as noise or demodulation e Performing a Highly Accurate Frequency Measurement Signal Count 440 e Measuring Noise LISS vcs sisicncmsiedag cunaaunciins waicawailidewavsbantsieunmenadeucesiiaaswvlauassimenesteaneisas 441 e Measuring Phase NOISGC cccccccssccsssccssscceseeeseesaceessees
111. imum number of frames depending on the number of sweep points see table 7 3 Remote command CALCulate SGRam HDEPth on page 847 Time Stamp Activates and deactivates the time stamp The time stamp shows the system time while the measurement is running In single sweep mode or if the sweep is stopped the time stamp shows the time and date of the end of the sweep When active the time stamp replaces the display of the frame number Remote command CALCulate SGRam TSTamp STATe on page 848 CALCulate SGRam TSTamp DATA on page 847 Color Mapping Opens the Color Map dialog For details see Color Maps on page 414 Continuous Sweep Stop Stops a continuous sweep measurement e g in order to display the spectrum display for a previous frame Single Sweep RUN SINGLE After triggering starts the number of sweeps set in Sweep Count The measurement stops after the defined number of sweeps has been performed While the measurement is running the Single Sweep softkey and the RUN SINGLE key are highlighted The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the highligh ted softkey or key again Note Sequencer If the Sequencer is active the Single Sweep softkey only controls the sweep mode for the currently selected channel however the sweep mode only has an effect the next time the Sequencer activates that channel and only for a channel defined sequence In this case a channel in single sweep mode is swept only once
112. installed printer from the Name list 5 For printout select the page orientation 6 Optionally deactivate the date and time or the logo so they are not added to the screenshot 7 Select OK to close the Device Setup dialog box 8 Toggle the Device softkey to the device configuration you want to use 9 Optionally configure the colors to be used for printout e g as displayed on the screen instead of inversed 10 Optionally add a comment to be included with the screenshot 11 Select the Print Screen softkey or the Printer or Screenshot tool in the toolbar to execute the print function and check the results 12 If you configured the print function to store the screenshot to a file enter a file name in the file selection dialog box User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 511 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup Basics on Alignment 9 General Instrument Setup 9 1 Some basic instrument settings can be configured independantly of the selected oper ating mode or application Usually you will configure most of these settings initially when you set up the instrument according to your personal preferences or requirements and then only adapt individual settings to special circumstances when necessary Some spe cial functions are provided for service and basic system configuration e Basics seis eats acsindcctoembainse bee nietiduaiecninsie diana nnjend cieddanientbaniesdnun danusiuam 912 e Basics on Transd
113. ion hardware code and hardware revision This information can be useful when problems occur with the instrument and you require support from Rohde amp Schwarz Hardware Info Versions Options System Messages Firmware Update COMPONENT SERIAL IFRONTEND 100000 1312 8046 02 MOTHERBOARD 100000 1312 8152 02 DETECTORBOARD 100000 1312 8175 08 MICROWAVE CONVERTER BASEBOARD 100000 1312 9294 00 MICROWAVE CONVERTER FRONTEND 100000 1312 8298 26 ATTENUATOR 43GHZ 123456 1170 0107 02 EXTENSION BOARD 100000 1312 8200 02 SYNTHESIZER 100976 1307 9619 02 REFERENCE 100001 1312 8075 02 FRONTBOARD 100000 1312 8530 02 CPU BOARD IPC10 102018 5408 0200 3200 100005 1312 8000 Remote command DIAGnostic SERVice HWINfo on page 951 9 3 4 2 Information on Versions and Options Information on the firmware version and options installed on your instrument is provided in the Versions Options tab of the System Configuration dialog box The unique R amp S device ID is also indicated here as it is required for license and option administration User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 524 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup General Instrument Settings You can also install new firmware options in this dialog box Expired option licenses If an option is about to expire a message box is displayed to inform you You can then use the Install Option function to enter a new license key If an option has already expired a
114. ion activates the video trigger function see Video on page 385 and deactivates any other trigger or gating settings The squelch level and trigger level are set to the same value User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 468 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions ean EE EE _ ______ _________ Marker Usage The trigger source in the channel bar is indicated as SQL for squelch The squelch level is indicated by a red line in the diagram Remote command SENSe DEMod SQUelch STATe on page 893 Squelch level Defines the level threshold below which the audible AF is cut off if squelching is enabled The video trigger level is set to the same value The squelch level is indicated by a red line in the diagram Remote command SENSe DEMod SQUel ch LEVel on page 893 Marker Peak List Configuration The marker peak list provides an overview of all marker peaks in the measurement You can define search and sort criteria to influence the results of the analysis The general marker search settings also apply to the marker peak list see Marker Search Set tings on page 450 For more information see chapter 7 4 1 4 Searching for Signal Peaks on page 438 To display the Marker Peak List dialog do one of the following e Press the MKR FUNC key then select the Marker Peak List softkey e Inthe Overview select Analysis and switch to the vertical Peak List tab SearchLimits Sort Mode X Value s aiian a
115. is and Display Functions Marker Usage e To allow a more stable noise display the adjacent symmetric to the measurement frequency points of the trace are averaged e For span gt 0 the measured values are averaged versus time after a sweep The R amp S FSW noise figure can be calculated from the measured power density level It is calculated by deducting the set RF attenuation RF Att from the displayed noise level and adding 174 to the result Measuring Phase Noise Phase noise is unintentional modulation of a carrier it creates frequencies next to the carrier frequency A phase noise measurement consists of noise density measurements at defined offsets from the carrier the results are given in relation to the carrier level dBc The phase noise marker function measures the noise power at the delta markers referred to 1 Hz bandwidth Marker 1 is used as the reference for the phase noise measurement By default the current frequency and level of marker 1 are used as the fixed reference marker However a peak search can be started to use the current signal peak as the reference point or a reference point can be defined manually Since the reference point is fixed the reference level or the center frequency can be set so that the carrier is outside the displayed frequency range after phase noise measure ment is started Or a notch filter can be switched on to suppress the carrier Alternatively the reference point can be dete
116. isplayed either as a power dBm or density dBm Hz value and are indicated in the marker table for each band power marker Band power markers are only available for standard frequency measurements not zero span in the Spectrum application The entire band must lie within the display If it is moved out of the display the result cannot be calculated indicated by as the Function Result However the width of the band is maintained so that the band power can be calculated again when it returns to the display MultiView Spectrum Delta Marker 2 Ref Level 0 00 dBm RBW 100 kHz Att 10 dB SWT 42us VBW 100kHz Mode Auto FFT 1 Frequency Sweep CF 20 0 MHz 1001 pts 1 0 MHz Span 10 0 MHz 2 Marker Table Tre Stimulus Response Function Function Result 20 0 MHz 20 65 dBm Band Power 18 75 dBm 3 696 MHz 64 44 dB Band Power 81 61 dBm 3 317 MHz 64 10 dB Band Power 83 16 dBm All markers can be defined as band power markers each with a different span When a band power marker is activated if no marker is active yet marker 1 is activated Other wise the currently active marker is used as a band power marker all other marker func tions for this marker are deactivated If the detector mode for the marker trace is set to Auto the RMS detector is used Demodulating Marker Values and Providing Audio Output The R amp S FSW provides demodulators for AM FM and PM signals The demodulation marker function sends the demodul
117. ith Ve Siar ctidncnstvtinanauisneadessioneuleadsudasdaqucencstiusbechenaincvesaseuavaeiauand 471 e Measurement Example Measuring Harmonics Using Marker Functions 473 Basics on Markers and Marker Functions Some background knowledge on marker settings and functions is provided here for a better understanding of the required configuration settings Markers are used to mark points on traces to read out measurement results and to select a display section quickly R amp S FSW provides 16 markers per display window In the Spectrum application the same markers are displayed in all windows e The easiest way to work with markers is using the touch screen Simply drag the marker and drop it at the required position When a marker label is selected a vertical line is displayed which indicates the marker s current x value User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 435 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Marker Usage 20 dBm 30 dBm 40 dam 50 dBm 60 dBm 70 dBm 80 dBm E Lii J Mr I ide ee A i i CF 220 0 MHz Alternatively change the position of the selected marker using the rotary knob By default the marker is moved from one pixel to the next If you need to position the marker more precisely change the step size to move from one sweep point to the next General Marker Setting You can also set an active marker to a new position by defining its x position numer ically When you select the softkey f
118. ivates linear power subtraction The power level values are converted into unit Watt prior to subtraction After the subtraction the data is converted back into its original unit Unlike the linear mode the subtraction is always done in W Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MATH MODE on page 851 7 3 2 3 Trace Export Settings Trace settings can be configured in the Traces dialog box or in the vertical Traces tab of the Analysis dialog box Switch to the Trace Data Export tab User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 423 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Trace Configuration Traces Trace Data Export Copy Trace Export all Traces and all Table Results Include Instrument Measurement Settings ai Trace to Export 1 gt Decimal Separator Point Export Trace to ASCII File Export all Traces and all Table Resullts ccccccccscecseeceeesceecceseceeseseeeseesaeesaeeeaees 424 Include Instrument Measurement SettingS ccccccccssseeccsseecseseeceeeeecesseeseaseessaeees 424 UM eae spe reat Sante A ee pave bene oedema oe ser oe nese ee 424 BE i cts crosses aa A E A NOA N E Oaa 424 Export Trace to ASCII File nnann0nnaannannannannoanoannnnonnernnonnrnnnnnnonrrnrnnnennernernnrnnnrnennnnne 425 Export all Traces and all Table Results Selects all displayed traces and result tables e g Result Summary marker peak list etc in the current application for export to an ASCII file
119. ker functions are also deactivated Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt TRACe on page 859 Select Marker Opens a dialog box to select and activate or deactivate one or more markers quickly Selected State Selected State Selected State occ oe on GRE octa Con um 7 om oe ee Remote command Marker selected via suffix lt m gt in remote commands All Markers Off Deactivates all markers in one step Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt AOFF on page 859 General Marker Settings Some general marker settings allow you to influence the marker behavior for all markers These settings are located in the Marker Settings tab of the Marker dialog box To display this tab do one of the following e Press the MKR key then select the Marker Config softkey e Inthe Overview select Analysis and switch to the vertical Marker tab Then select the horizontal Marker Settings tab User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 448 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Marker Usage Markers Marker Settings Search Settings Marker Table Reference Fixed State Off Level 70 0 dBm Marker Stepsize pesia 13 25 GHZ Standard EAA ARL emcees Marker Table Oy cio rattan snciraincntseannatesiy onin dais tine saaupeatbinleys Soanwamaahehaiesauasiliinebaankemnndeseacane 449 Ure nares ante cto O EE D OaE S EA 449 De ning a Fixed Referent oa disc eensncivesissienatarassenansos ii rinsar n
120. l traces while increasing the frame count increases the number of traces in the diagram User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 413 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions SSS Trace Configuration Especially for Average or Min hold and Max hold trace modes the number of sweeps that are analyzed to create a single trace has an effect on the accuracy of the results Thus you can also define whether the results from frames in previous traces are con sidered in the analysis for each new trace Continue frame Displaying individual frames The spectrogram diagram includes all stored frames since it was last cleared Arrows on the left and right border of the spectrogram indicate the currently selected frame The spectrum diagram always displays the spectrum for the currently selected frame The current frame number is indicated in the diagram footer or alternatively a time stamp if activated The current frame displayed at the top of the diagram is frame number 0 Older frames further down in the diagram are indicated by a negative index e g 10 You can display the spectrum diagram of a previous frame by changing the current frame number Color Maps Spectrograms assign power levels to different colors in order to visualize them The leg end above the spectrogram display describes the power levels the colors represent The color display is highly configurable to adapt the spectrograms to your needs You can define
121. l counting can be performed explicitely at the current marker position Signal Count marker function or implicitely by the R amp S FSW for certain functions Signal counting is only possible while the instrument is not sweeping Thus to perform a signal count for a marker the sweep is stopped at the marker position The frequency is determined with the desired resolution and then the sweep is allowed to continue Measuring Noise Density Using the noise measurement marker function the noise power density is measured at the position of the marker In the time domain mode all points of the trace are used to determine the noise power density When measurements are performed in the frequency domain two points to the right and left of the marker are used for the measurement to obtain a stable result Noise density is the noise referred to a bandwidth of 1 Hz With logarithmic amplitude units dBm dBmV dBmuV dBuA the noise power density is output in dBm HZ i e as level in 1 Hz bandwidth with reference to 1 mW With linear amplitude units V A W the noise voltage density is analyzed in V Hz the noise current density in uA Hz or the noise power density in uW Hz The result is indicated as the noise marker value Prerequisite settings The following settings have to be made to obtain correct values e Detector Sample or RMS e Video bandwidth lt 0 1 resolution bandwidth with sample detector gt 3 x resolution bandwidth with RMS
122. lay this dialog box press the LINES key and then Lines Config 2 Select the Display Lines tab 3 To define a vertical line select Vertical Line 1 or 2 and enter the x value at which the line is to be displayed To define a horizontal line select Horizontal Line 1 or 2 and enter the y value at which the line is to be displayed User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 485 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions KS wea Display and Limit Lines 7 5 4 2 Defining Limit Lines Limit lines are configured in the Lines Config dialog box To display this dialog box do one of the following e Press the LINES key and then the Lines Config softkey then select the Lines Con fig tab e Inthe Overview select Analysis and then the vertical Limit Lines Config tab Limit lines for spurious and SEM measurements Note that for sourious and SEM measurements special limit lines can be defined for each frequency range see chapter 5 5 4 2 Limit Lines in SEM Measurements on page 169 and chapter 5 6 3 2 Limit Lines in Spurious Measurements on page 198 It is strongly recommended that you define limits only via the Sweep list dialog for these measurements not using the LINES key Any changes to the special limit lines are automatically overwritten when the sweep list settings are changed The following tasks are described here e How to find compatible limit lines on page 486 e How to activate and deac
123. leted b Select the frame number in the diagram footer c Enter the required frame number in the edit dialog box Note that the most recent sweep is frame number 0 all previous frames have negative numbers To remove the spectrogram display 1 Select the TRACE key and then the Spectrogram Config softkey 2 Toggle Spectrogram to OFF The standard spectrum display is restored To set a marker in the spectrogram 1 While a spectrogram is displayed select the MARKER key 2 Select a Marker softkey 3 Enter the frequency or time x value of the marker or delta marker 4 Enter the frame number for which the marker is to be set for example 0 for the current frame or 2 for the second to last frame Note that the frame number is always 0 or a negative value The marker is only visible in the spectrum diagram if it is defined for the currently selected frame In the spectrogram result display all markers are visible that are positioned on a visible frame To configure a spectrogram 1 Configure the spectrogram frames a Select the SWEEP key b Select the Sweep Config softkey c Inthe Sweep Average Count field define how many sweeps are to be analyzed to create a single frame d Inthe Frame Count field define how many frames are to be plotted during a single sweep measurement User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 431 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions SSL Trace Configuration e To inc
124. lts and Settings renee Seren T Device 1 Device 2 Bitmap BMP Joint Photographic Experts Group JPEG Portable Network Graphics PNG Clipboard Printer Print Date and Time Print Logo Suppress File Name Dialog Print Dialog Printer Name Orientation Output Medium Device Setup Defines the medium to which the screenshot is printed or stored File formats Stores the screenshot to a file in the selected format The file name is queried at the time of storage Clipboard Stores the screenshot to the clipboard Printer Prints the screenshot on the printer selected from the Name list Remote command on page 922 Print Date and Time Device Setup Activates deactivates the printout of the current date and time at the bottom of the screenshot Print Logo Device Setup Activates deactivates the printout of the Rohde amp Schwarz company logo in the upper left corner User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 509 R amp S FSW Data Management SS Creating Screenshots of Current Measurement Results and Settings Suppress File Name Dialog Device Setup When the screenshot is stored to a file the file selection dialog box is not displayed Instead the current storage location and file name are used default C r S instr user Each new the file name is extended by a consecutive number e g File002 File003 etc Print Dialog Device Setup Includes any currently displayed dialog in the scree
125. lude frames from previous sweeps in the analysis of the new frame for Max Hold Min Hold and Average trace modes only select Continue Frame ON 2 Define how many frames are to be stored in total a Select the TRACE key and then the Spectrogram Config softkey b Select the History Depth softkey c Enter the maximum number of frames to store 3 Optionally replace the frame number by a time stamp by toggling the Timestamp softkey to On 4 If necessary adapt the color mapping for the spectrogram to a different value range or color scheme as described in How to Configure the Color Mapping on page 432 How to Configure the Color Mapping The color display is highly configurable to adapt the spectrograms to your needs The settings for color mapping are defined in the Color Mapping dialog box To display this dialog box do one of the following e Tap the color map in the spectrogram display e Press the Color Mapping softkey in the Spectrogram menu To select a color scheme You can select which colors are assigned to the measured values gt Inthe Color Mapping dialog box select the option for the color scheme to be used Editing the value range of the color map The distribution of the measured values is displayed as a histogram in the Color Map ping dialog box see Color Map Settings on page 428 To cover the entire measure ment value range make sure the first and last bar of the histog
126. ly available for delta markers If activated the delta markers display the phase noise measured at defined offsets from the reference position Remote command CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt FUNCtion PNOise STATe on page 884 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt FUNCtion PNOise RESult on page 884 Defining a Reference Point Instead of using marker 1 as the reference marker a fixed reference marker can be defined for phase noise measurement The Level and Frequency or Time settings define the position and value of the ref erence point Alternatively a Peak Search can be performed to set the maximum value of the selected trace as the reference point User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 463 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions SS EES Se eS ES Marker Usage If Automatic Peak Search is activated a peak search is started automatically after each sweep and the result is used as the reference point Remote command CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt FUNCtion FIXed RPOint Y on page 879 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt FUNCtion FIXed RPOint X on page 879 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt FUNCtion FIXed RPOint MAXimum PEAK on page 879 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt FUNCtion PNOise AUTO on page 884 Switching All Phase Noise Measurements Off Deactivates phase noise measurement for all markers Remote command CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt FUNCtion PNOise ST
127. mat for trace export Start 10000 Hz Start stop of the display range Stop 100000 Hz Unit Hz for span gt 0 s for span 0 dBm dB for statistics meas urements Span 90000 Hz Frequency range 0 Hz in zero span and statistics measure ments VBW 30000 Hz Video bandwidth User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 504 R amp S FSW Data Management TTT _ Importing and Exporting Measurement Results for Evaluation Sweep Count 20 Number of sweeps set Ref Position 75 Position of reference level referred to diagram limits 0 lower edge Level Range 100 dB Display range in y direction Unit dB with x axis LOG with x axis LIN x Axis LIN Scaling of x axis linear LIN or logarithmic LOG y Axis LOG Scaling of y axis linear LIN or logarithmic LOG x Unit Hz Unit of x values Hz with span gt 0 s with span 0 dBm dB with statistics measurements y Unit dBm Unit of y values dB V A W depending on the selected unit with y axis LOG or with y axis LIN Data section for individual window Window 1 Frequency Sweep Window number and name Trace 1 Selected trace Trace Mode AVERAGE Display mode of trace CLR WRITE AVERAGE MAX HOLD MINHOLD Detector AUTOPEAK Detector set AUTOPEAK MAXPEAK MINPEAK AVER AGE RMS SAMPLE QUASIPEAK Values 1001 Number of measurement points 10000 10 3 15 7 Measured values lt x value gt lt y1 gt lt y2 gt lt y2 gt being available 10130 11 5 16 9 only with detector AUTOPE
128. me general display settings are available regardless of the current application or oper ating mode For information on optimizing your display for measurement results see chapter 7 1 Result Display Configuration on page 397 The general display settings are defined in the Display dialog box which is displayed when you press the SETUP key and then select Display General Display SettingS cccccccccssseccssseeceesseecssecccesseeesaseecsageecsegeeessaeeessaeees 535 Dicpiayed KOMS eere E E a ee edcesattbon 537 Display Theme and CIS aise tiie asics casiniswdcuncacisadedicudicenddwav2ieasiweetduaeacuuduonularnduberiudaun 541 General Display Settings This section includes general screen display behavior and date and time display These settings are available in the General tab of the Display dialog box User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 535 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup Display Settings General Displayed Items Theme Color Configure Monitor Touch Screen Display Update Rate Touch On Fast Touch Diagram Off Touch Off Date and Time Display Power Save Set Date and Time State Date And Time Format DE Time min Deactivating and Activating the TOUCH SCIreen ccccccccssecceeeceeeeceeseseeeseeseseueessaeens 536 Display Update Face ceca ccc cee nocsidad Sects a E a aA EEEE EA 536 Setting the Date and TMs acnstspecniewnciasnicinentioenuauca ueuuscanaeatnniGus de dlenteuussieemis ddlte
129. me name as the channel to be restored in a new channel is already active the channel name for the new channel is extended by a consecutive number Spectrum Spectrum 2 In remote commands you must append this number to the channel name as well Remote command MMEMory LOAD STATe on page 916 Cancel Closes the dialog box without saving the settings 8 2 2 Configurable Storage and Recall The more sophisticated storage and recall functions allow you to define which settings are stored and where the settings file is stored to Any settings file can be selected for recall Stored Data Typos cisse aaia a AE a ERA Ai 493 Storage Location and File NAMeG c ccccccssseccessecceeesecceseecsaseecseueeeeeaeeessaeees 494 e Save and Recall Dialog BOXES ccccccccseeceeesseeceeseeceeeeeccaeeeseaeeessseeseaseessaeees 494 Startup Recall eS cise siea scp aaadea sdion naire mn ctap andesite saieeancinnneneatniapncaahiegaeey tieduadenasakt 497 8 2 2 1 Stored Data Types The following types of data can be stored to and loaded from files via the Save dialog box on the R amp S FSW Table 8 2 Items that can be stored to files w Current Settings Current instrument and measurement settings All Transducers Transducer factors for all active transducers User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 493 R amp S FSW 8 2 2 2 8 2 2 3 Data Management Storing and Recalling Instrument Settings and Meas
130. ment Setup General Instrument Settings TService Woko siai RBW 3 MHz R amp S Support Selftest Calibration Signal Service Fu None Calibration Frequency RF Spectrum EAE Broadband Frequency 64 0 MHz Calibration Frequency MW Calibration Analog Baseband Cal Signal L SO SU LUMI eecece sca areensicecanusandscesqsuincnicencdduestedecawsnvsbeevenllatveebsatseascenencassece narar n 531 BN A 532 Calibration Frequency VY gic sccncisdaes siinan cdewoscunticaldenatyathaiscdasandusaronseniingesurandawipedeanteeancina 532 Calibration Analog Teh ASSN soi ecasiec ca dsicza nesiasonseianatan desma stnanceaeae beat aa aai aaia ia 932 L Calibraton Siona cece tee cede eee ee eens 532 None Uses the current RF signal at the input i e no calibration signal default Remote command DIAGnostic SERVice INPut SELect on page 936 Calibration Frequency RF Uses the internal calibration signal as the RF input signal Remote command DIAGnostic SERVice INPut PULSed CFRequency on page 935 Spectrum lt Calibration Frequency RF Defines whether a broadband or narrowband calibration signal is sent to the RF input Narrowband Used to calibrate the absolute level of the frontend at 64 MHz Broadband Used to calibrate the IF filter Remote command DIAGnostic SERVice INPut RF SPECtrum on page 935 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 531 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup 9 3 5 4 General Instrument Settings Frequency
131. ment s resolution the application window uses an area of 1280x800 pixels on the monitor display For full screen display adjust the monitor s screen resolution General Displayed Items Theme Color Configure Monitor T Only internal monitor External Monitor Cae SG BUD Internal amp external monitor with max 1280 x 800 Advanced Free user setup External Monitor occcascadconeceirdnncstenee sencacvcn sini uautecnasinaied dadiwehedumoxvaneninrieueencebevecettaatenes 545 BN rte tes pect tics E AEA oeeis socio A A 545 EEIN E a BS AE E A E EE A A E A E EE E T 545 External Monitor Off Only the internal monitor of the R amp S FSW is used for display Duplicate Both the internal and the external monitor are used Advanced User defined configuration opens the standard Windows configuration dialog box to configure the display devices to be used User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 945 R amp S FSW 9 6 9 6 1 9 6 2 General Instrument Setup How to Configure the Basic Instrument Settings How to Configure the Basic Instrument Settings The following step by step instructions demonstrate how to configure the basic instru ment settings For details on individual functions and settings see chapter 9 3 General Instrument Settings on page 514 The remote commands required to perform these tasks are described in chapter 9 3 General Instrument Settings on page 514 How to Perform a Self Test The self test does n
132. message box appears for you to confirm In this case all instrument functions are unavailable including remote control until the R amp S FSW is rebooted You must then use the Install Option function to enter the new license key Hardware Info Versions Options System Messages Firmware Update Item Option Version License R amp S Device ID 1312 8000K26 100005 xx Instrument Firmware 0 70a 06 Beta BIOS Instrument Firmwareplvzer BIOS V1 00 1 30 4 1 IPC10 Image Version 1 1 0 PCIE FPGA 9 01 SA FPGA 2 42 RTSA FPGA 170 221 2 0 8 0 3 8 0 0 3 4 0 0 PAo Data Sheet Version 01 00 Time Control Management Resolution Bandwidths gt 10 MHz B8 Install Option Install Option by XML For details on options refer to the Getting Started manual Checking the Supplied Items Remote commands SYSTem FORMat IDENt on page 953 DIAGnostic SERVice BIOSinfo on page 951 a O EE E eee ero eceneeeen ceees 525 isis a ctneesecaz pe esenn sane cetancysespaeiatcamansauenasisena A 525 Install Option Opens an edit dialog box to enter the license key for the option that you want to install Only user accounts with administrator rights are able to install options Install Option by XML Opens a file selection dialog box to install an additional option to the R amp S FSW using an XML file Enter or browse for the name of an XML file that contains the option key and press Select Only user accounts with administrator rights are a
133. n another trace Marker Results Normal markers point to a sweep point on the time or frequency axis and display the associated numeric value for that sweep point delta markers indicate an offset between the level at the delta marker position and the level at the position of the assigned reference marker in dB Signal count markers determine the frequency of a signal at the marker position very accurately The results can be displayed directly within the diagram area or in a separate table By default the first two active markers are displayed in the diagram area If more markers are activated the results are displayed in a marker table Marker information in diagram area By default the results of the last two markers or delta markers that were activated are displayed in the diagram area User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 437 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions 8 8 EES EEE Marker Usage The following information is displayed there e The marker type M for normal D for delta or special function name e The marker number 1 to 16 e The assigned trace number in square brackets e The marker value on the y axis or the result of the marker function e The marker position on the x axis For n dB down markers additional information is displayed see Measuring Character istic Bandwidths n dB Down Marker on page 443 Marker information in marker table In addition to the marker information displaye
134. n additional absolute threshold can be defined for the limit check In this case both the threshold value and the relative limit line must be exceeded before a violation occurs yi resulting limit yl ML Ti HN i A j Mi pi absolute threshold y T a k i TYYYIYITIITIYTITITIT vit Mf RFR eereereeeeerrerery at relative limit line I fi in NW i ih Ny i aj i i i i I i Wilh Offsets and Shifting A configured limit line can easily be moved vertically or horizontally Two different meth ods to do so are available e An offset moves the entire line in the diagram without editing the configured values or positions of the individual data points This option is only available if relative scaling is used Thus a new limit line can be easily generated based upon an existing limit line which has been shifted horizontally or vertically e Defining a shift width for the values or position of the individual data points changes the line configuration thus changing the position of the line in the diagram Limit Check Results A limit check is automatically performed as soon as any of the limit lines is activated Visibility setting Only the specified Traces to be Checked are compared with the active limit lines The status of the limit check for each limit line is indicated in the diagram If a violation occurs the limit check status is set to MARG for a margin violation or to FAIL for a limit violation
135. n in the toolbar Both dialog boxes are very similar and closely related User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 494 R amp S FSW Data Management Storing and Recalling Instrument Settings and Measurement Data Save TA a AdemodPredefined 49 ColorGradient a cvl 9 EUTRA_Backup 4 File Name Comment File Type Instrument with all Channels Current Channel Spectrum Selecting the Storage Location Drive Path Files cccccssececeseeeceeseeseeeeeeseneeees 495 EEN T set sce ecm ta aida se erties het tre ceded ere EA intend Seam nace E E ETT 495 SoL sce ae ics certs eet emits ea cisco E TAT E 496 BN aa acarc atten atc acento E E 496 Fe ecient se E A eedinet aan matacsanantandatiaapeiereducenecbensdnedents Guseunraartaneenies 496 Sh Sal ee ee a Pe ee a E ae oe ce 496 Recall in New Channel Recall in Current Channel cccccccccesseceseeseeseeeeeeeseeseeeeess 496 EM ceca sects E sctsensctc is netic E O 497 Selecting the Storage Location Drive Path Files Select the storage location of the settings file on the instrument or an external drive The Drive indicates the internal C or any connected external drives e g a USB stor age device The Path contains the drive and the complete file path to the currently selected folder The Files list contains all subfolders and files of the currently selected path The default storage location for the SEM settings files is C R_S inst
136. nal marker it only switches the type of the selected marker Normal A normal marker indicates the absolute value at the defined position in the diagram User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 461 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions eS EEE Marker Usage Delta A delta marker defines the value of the marker relative to the specified reference marker marker 1 by default Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt STATe on page 859 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt STATe on page 858 Noise Measurement State Activates or deactivates noise measurement for the marker in the diagram This function is only available for normal markers If activated the marker displays the noise power density measured at the position of the marker For details see Measuring Noise Density on page 441 Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion NOISe STATe on page 883 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion NOISe RESult on page 883 Switching All Noise Measurements Off Deactivates noise measurement for all markers Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion NOISe STATe on page 883 Phase Noise Measurement Marker For each of the 16 markers phase noise measurement can be activated Phase noise measurement markers are configured in the Phase Noise Config dialog box using the Phase Noise function The individual marker settings correspond to those defined in the Marke
137. nd the results are removed form the display How to edit existing limit lines Existing limit line configurations can be edited 1 Inthe Line Config dialog box select the limit line 2 Select the Edit button 3 Edit the line configuration as described in How to configure a new limit line on page 487 4 Save the new configuration by selecting the Save button If the limit line is active the edited limit line is displayed in the diagram How to copy an existing limit line 1 Inthe Line Config dialog box select the limit line 2 Select the Copy To button 3 Define anew name to create a new limit with the same configuration as the source line 4 Edit the line configuration as described in How to configure a new limit line on page 487 5 Save the new configuration by selecting the Save button The new limit line is displayed in the overview and can be activated How to delete an existing limit line 1 Inthe Line Config dialog box select the limit line 2 Select the Delete button 3 Confirm the message The limit line and the results of the limit check are deleted How to configure a new limit line 1 Inthe Line Config dialog box select the New button The Edit Limit Line dialog box is displayed The current line configuration is dis played in the preview area of the dialog box The preview is updated after each change to the configuration 2 Define a Name and optionally a C
138. nd time display can be switched off independantly of the status bar You can set the current date and time and configure the display format in the General tab of the Display dialog box Remote command DISPlay WINDow TIME on page 942 Front Panel The Front Panel display simulates the entire front panel of the device except for the external connectors on the screen This allows you to interact with the R amp S FSW without requiring the keypad and keys located on the front panel of the device This is useful for example when working with an external monitor or operating via remote control from a computer User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 539 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup A Display Settings Frart Pore Gist dabei 2 m amp Ali Spectrum Ref Levei 10 00 cm BBY 3 HZ Att i0 d e SWT 133 ms WEW 3 MHz Al Rabari Trans dimer Alb tierra Os phery Hetwork Rarnhote Byars LODI pts x r ALITH FF fk r E H tm u meo on aer N l a ee ns dF 4 mer mace rm e ee ar GR wens MERE img MN re or vee EB a O G coke GUTPLT Amel nu AE Dis om j a BACH SIGNAL ANALYZER SIRIUS oc Bbc To activate or deactivate the front panel temporarily press the F6 key on the external keyboard if available or the remote computer For more information see chapter 9 6 7 How to Work with the Soft Front Panels on page 551 Remote command SY
139. ned over several sweeps and displayed The R amp S FSW saves the sweep result in the trace memory only if the new value is greater than the previous one This mode is especially useful with modulated or pulsed signals The signal spectrum is filled up upon each sweep until all signal components are detected in a kind of envelope This mode is not available for statistics measurements Min Hold The minimum value is determined from several measurements and displayed The R amp S FSW saves the sweep result in the trace memory only if the new value is lower than the previous one This mode is useful e g for making an unmodulated carrier in a composite signal visible Noise interference signals or modulated signals are suppressed whereas a CW signal is recognized by its constant level This mode is not available for statistics measurements Average The average is formed over several sweeps The Sweep Average Count determines the number of averaging procedures This mode is not available for statistics measurements The current contents of the trace memory are frozen and displayed If a trace is frozen View mode the instrument settings apart from level range and reference level see below can be changed without impact on the displayed trace The fact that the displayed trace no longer matches the current instrument setting is indicated by the icon on the tab label If the level range or reference level is changed the R amp S FSW
140. nels or only those for the current channel 4 If several items were saved select which items are to be restored 5 If channel settings were saved select whether the settings will replace the settings in the current channel or whether a new channel with the saved settings will be opened User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 499 R amp S FSW Data Management 8 7S SS Importing and Exporting Measurement Results for Evaluation 6 Select Recall The settings and selected items from the saved measurement are restored and you can repeat the measurement with the same settings To recall settings automatically after preset or reboot You can define the settings that are restored when you preset or reboot the instrument 1 Configure the settings as required and save them as described in To save configu rable instrument settings on page 499 2 Inthe Save Recall menu select the Startup Recall softkey 3 Ifthe file selection dialog box is not displayed automatically select the Select Data set softkey 4 Select the recall settings that are to be restored 5 Tap Select 6 Toggle the Startup Recall softkey to On Now when you press the PRESET key or reboot the instrument the defined settings will be restored 7 To restore the factory preset settings toggle the Startup Recall softkey to Off 8 3 Importing and Exporting Measurement Results for Evaluation The R amp S FSW provides various evaluation methods f
141. nes a linear distribution e A positive value gt 0 to 1 focusses the higher values 7 3 3 3 Howto Copy Traces You can copy the trace settings from one trace to another in the Copy Trace tab of the Traces dialog box gt Select the Source trace and then the button for the Copy to trace Remote command TRACe lt n gt COPY on page 844 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 434 R amp S FSW 7 4 7 4 1 Common Analysis and Display Functions Marker Usage Marker Usage Markers help you analyze your measurement results by determining particular values in the diagram Thus you can extract numeric values from a graphical display both in the time and frequency domain In addition to basic markers sophisticated marker functions are provided for special results such as noise or demodulation Markers in Spectrogram Displays In the spectrogram result display you can activate up to 16 markers or delta markers at the same time Each marker can be assigned to a different frame Therefore in addition to the frequency you also define the frame number when activating a new marker If no frame number is specified the marker is positioned on the currently selected frame All markers are visible that are positioned on a visible frame e Basics on Markers and Marker FUNCTIONS cccccccccseecceeeeeeeeceeeeeeueesseeenseeenaees 435 Marar TAG sori a vonseadsad naphaneremaswntaaeweeadscaemeaawtie 445 e How to Work W
142. nformation Location C R_S instr user service zip In case of problems please write an email with the error description attach the Support Information service zip and send the email to the Rohde amp Schwarz Support Center Save Device Footprint Location C R_S instr devicedata XML Creating R amp S Support Information cccsecceseccceeecceeecceeecceeescesesceeesoeeesaeeesoneess 529 Save Device Face ce vinndeate cde cten tabs esndedunetedeetienshveesectbenlenescecdcubscsedeqdeivendudeneewinelust 529 Creating R amp S Support Information Creates a zip file with important support information The zip file contains the system configuration information device footprint the current eeprom data and a screenshot of the screen display This data is stored to the C R_S Instr user directory on the instrument The file name consists of the unique device ID and the current date and time of the file creation If you contact the Rohde amp Schwarz support to get help for a certain problem send these files to the support in order to identify and solve the problem faster Remote command DIAGnostic SERVice SINFo on page 955 Save Device Footprint Creates an xml file with information on installed hardware software image and FPGA versions The xml file is stored under C R_S Instr devicedata xml1 on the instrument It is also included in the service zip file 9 3 5 2 Selftest Settings and Results If the R
143. ng define an absolute Threshold as an additional criteria for a violation Save the new configuration by selecting the Save button The new limit line is displayed in the overview and can be activated How to move the limit line vertically or horizontally A configured limit line can easily be moved vertically or horizontally Thus a new limit line can be easily generated based upon an existing limit line which has been shifted hori zontally 1 Inthe Line Config dialog box select the limit line 2 To shift the complete limit line parallel in the horizontal direction select the X Off set button and enter an offset value To shift the complete limit line parallel in the vertical direction select the Y Offset button and enter an offset value 3 To shift the individual data points of a limit line by a fixed value all at once a Select the Edit button b Inthe Edit Limit Line dialog box select the Shift x or Shift y button and define the shift width c Save the shifted data points by selecting the Save button If activated the limit line is shifted in the diagram User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 488 R amp S FSW Data Management Restoring the Default Instrument Configuration Preset 8 Data Management The R amp S FSW allows you to store and load instrument settings as well as import and export measurement data for analysis at a later time Finally you can store or print the measurement re
144. ngs Quick Config Commonly required trace settings have been predefined and can be applied very quickly by selecting the appropriate button User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 420 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Trace Configuration Preset All Traces Trace 1 Clear Write Auto Detector Auto Peak Traces 2 6 Blank Auto Detector Set Trace Mode Trace 1 Max Hold Max Avg Min Auto Detector Positive Peak Trace 2 Average Auto Detector Sample Trace 3 Min Hold Auto Detector Negative Peak Traces 4 6 Blank Auto Detector Set Trace Mode Trace 1 Max Hold Max ClrWrite Min Auto Detector Positive Peak Trace 2 Clear Write Auto Detector Auto Peak Trace 3 Min Hold Auto Detector Negative Peak Traces 4 6 Blank Auto Detector Trace 1 Trace 2 Trace 3 Trace 4 Softkeys Displays the Traces settings and focuses the Mode list for the selected trace For details see chapter 7 3 3 1 How to Configure a Standard Trace on page 429 Remote command DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt STATe on page 842 Copy Trace The Copy Trace softkey opens the Copy Trace tab of the Trace Configuration dialog box The Copy Trace tab contains functionality to copy trace data to another trace The first group of buttons labelled Trace 1 to Trace 6 select the source trace The second group of buttons labelled Copy to Trace 1 to Copy to Trace 6 select the destination Remote comman
145. nshot Printer Name lt Device Setup Defines the printer to print to Remote command SYSTem COMMunicate PRINter ENUMerate NEXT on page 924 SYSTem COMMunicate PRINter ENUMerate FIRSt on page 924 SYSTem COMMunicate PRINter SELect lt device gt on page 924 Print to File Device Setup If a printer is selected as the output medium use this option to store the data ina prn file using the selected printer driver Orientation Device Setup Selects the page orientation of the printout portrait or landscape printer only Remote command HCOPy PAGE ORIentation lt device gt on page 923 Device Two different printout devices can be configured e g one for printing and one for storage to a file When the Print Screen function is executed the selected device and its settings determine the behavior Remote command HCOPy DESTination lt device gt on page 921 Colors Opens the Print Color dialog box to configure the colors for printing screenshots For details see chapter 9 4 3 Display Theme and Colors on page 541 Comment Defines an optional comment to be printed with the screenshot of the display Maximum 120 characters are allowed 60 characters fit in one line In the first line at any point a manual line feed can be forced by entering Date and time are inserted automatically The comment is printed below the diagram area but not displayed on the screen If a comment should not be printed it
146. of the active limit lines a message is indicated in the diagram Remote command CALCulate LIMit lt k gt TRACe lt t gt CHECk on page 904 Comment An optional description of the limit line Included Lines in Overview View Filter Defines which of the stored lines are included in the overview Show compat Only compatible lines ible Whether a line is compatible or not is indicated in the Compatibility setting Show all All stored limit lines with the file extension LIN in the limits subfolder of the main installation folder if not restricted by Show lines for all modes setting Show lines for all modes If activated default limit lines from all applications are displayed Otherwise only lines that were created in the Spectrum application are displayed Note that limit lines from some applications may include additional properties that are lost when the limit lines are edited in the Spectrum application In this case a warning is displayed when you try to store the limit line X Offset Shifts a limit line that has been specified for relative frequencies or times x axis hori zontally User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 481 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions SS SSS EEE EEE Eee EE SESE aS Display and Limit Lines This setting does not have any effect on limit lines that are defined by absolute values for the x axis Remote command CALCulate LIMit lt k gt CONTrol OFFSet on page 897 Y Off
147. of the upper or lower limits GO NOGO test The R amp S FSW supports limit lines with a maximum of 200 data points Eight of the limit lines stored in the instrument can be activated simultaneously The number of limit lines stored in the instrument is only limited by the capacity of the storage device used Compatibility Limit lines are compatible with the current measurement settings if the following applies e The x unit of the limit line has to be identical to the current setting User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 475 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Display and Limit Lines The y unit of the limit line has to be identical to the current setting with the exception of dB based units all dB based units are compatible with each other Validity Only limit lines that fulfill the following conditions can be activated Each limit line must consist of a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 200 data points The frequencies times for each data point must be defined in ascending order how ever for any single frequency or time two data points may be entered to define a vertical segment of a limit line Gaps in frequency or time are not allowed If gaps are desired two separate limit lines must be defined and then both enabled The entered frequencies or times need not necessarily be selectable in R amp S FSW A limit line may also exceed the specified frequency or time range The minimum frequency for a data point
148. omment for the new limit line 3 Define the x axis configuration e Time domain or frequency domain e Absolute or relative limits e Linear or logarithmic scaling User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 487 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Display and Limit Lines Define the y axis configuration e Level unit e Absolute or relative limits e Upper or lower limit line Define the data points minimum 2 maximum 200 a Select Insert Value b Define the x value Position and y value Value of the first data point c Select Insert Value again and define the second data point d Repeat this to insert all other data points To insert a data point before an existing one select the data point and then Insert Value To insert a new data point at the end of the list move the focus to the line after the last entry and then select Insert Value To delete a data point select the entry and then Delete Value Check the current line configuration in the preview area of the dialog box If neces sary correct individual data points or add or delete some If necessary shift the entire line vertically or horizontally by selecting the Shift x or Shift y button and defining the shift width Optionally define a Margin at a fixed distance to the limit line The margin must be within the valid value range and is not displayed in the diagram or preview area Optionally if the y axis uses relative scali
149. ons dialog box User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 470 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions 7 4 3 7 4 3 1 7 4 3 2 Marker Usage How to Work With Markers The following step by step instructions demonstrate in detail how to work with markers How to Analyze a Signal Point in Detall ccccccsseeeceeeeeceseeceseeeeeeeeseaeeesaaees 471 e How to Use a Fixed Reference Marketl ccccssccceseeeceeeeccaseecseeeeeaueeseaeeesaees 471 e How to Output the Demodulated Signal ACCOUSTICAIlY ccccccseeeceeeeeceeeeseeees 472 How to Analyze a Signal Point in Detail Step by step instructions on working with markers are provided here For details on indi vidual functions and settings see chapter 7 4 2 1 Marker Settings on page 445 The remote commands required to perform these tasks are described in chapter 11 8 3 Working with Markers on page 855 When you need to analyze a characteristic point in the signal in more detail the following procedure can be helpful 1 Perform a peak search to determine the characteristic point roughly by pressing the PEAK SEARCH key 2 If the required signal point is not the maximum continue the peak search to one of the subsequent maxima or minima a Press the MKR gt key b Select the Next Peak or Next Min key c lIfnecessary change the search settings by selecting the Search Config softkey 3 Center the display around
150. or a marker an edit dialog box is displayed The most commonly required marker settings and functions are also available as softkeys or via the context menu Tap the marker on the touch screen and hold your finger for about 2 seconds until the context menu is opened then select the required entry Softkeys for active markers displayed on the screen are highlighted blue The soft key for the currently selected marker for which functions are performed is highligh ted orange To set individual markers very quickly use the softkeys in the Marker menu To set up several markers at once use the Marker dialog box To position the selected marker to a special value use the softkeys in the Marker To menu To determine more sophisticated marker results use the special functions in the Marker Function dialog box DR e a naan ets E E E E A A tneme cas eeee 437 Acivating TAIN Sica crsseil daenerra tans irdanncagcandsecausaduedetencasinnetmadvinatuedaimetudaunnatianaeiess 437 Marker RESUS cE 437 searching for Signal PEAKS seirinin i ada iaaii 438 Special Marker FUN CUGINS sacs ccececceecacccennccncnenadeceinnnsetecsdadnenanaddsvnndnendeWenndetedaddnatendeais 440 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 436 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions 7 4 1 1 7 4 1 2 7 4 1 3 Marker Usage Marker Types All markers can be used either as normal markers or delta markers A normal marker indicates the absolute signal
151. or set can be defined Remote command DISPlay CMAP lt item gt DEFault lt colors gt on page 944 Print colors Defines the color settings used for printout In addition to the predefined settings a user defined color set can be configured If Show Print Colors on Display is activated the currently selected print colors are dis played as a preview for your selection Optimized Colors Selects an optimized color setting for the printout to improve the visi bility of the colors default setting Trace 1 is blue trace 2 black trace 3 green and the markers are turquoise The background is always printed in white and the grid in black Screen Colors Print Selects the current screen colors for the printout The background is always printed in white and the grid in black Screen Colors Hardcopy Selects the current screen colors without any changes for a hardcopy User Defined Colors Selects the user defined color setting Remote command HCOPy CMAP lt item gt DEFault lt colors gt on page 919 Modifying User Defined Colors You can configure the colors used to display and print individual screen objects according to your specific requirements The colors are configured in the identical Screen Color Setup Printer Color Setup dialog boxes User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 942 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup Display Settings Selected Object Background Predefined Colors Preview Userdefined Colo
152. or the results of the performed measurements However you may want to evaluate the data with further external appli cations In this case you can export the measurement data to a standard format file ASCII or XML Some of the data stored in these formats can also be re imported to the R amp S FSW for further evaluation at a later time for example in other applications The following data types can be exported e Trace data e Table results such as result summaries marker peak lists etc e 1 Q data The following data types can be imported e Q data I Q data can only be imported and exported in applications that process I Q data such as the I Q Analyzer or optional applications See the corresponding user manuals for those applications for details User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 500 R amp S FSW Data Management Importing and Exporting Measurement Results for Evaluation WP re 0 tesa ctwiante cece etecms sede ccd a aaa 501 e How to Export Trace Data and Numerical ReSUItsS ccccccecceeeseeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeees 502 e How to Export a cae esis neces ceei coems tic co nciderecasn esta neabanneons decane dereieeeameeectess 503 Reference File Format DeSCTiPtiOns ccccccccsececsececeeseceseeseseesaueeeeseessaeeseages 503 Import Export Functions The following import and export functions are available via softkeys in the Save Recall menu which is displayed when you select the Save or Open
153. ort Self alignment button Starting the Touch Screen Alignment Starts the touch screen alignment Tap the 4 markers on the screen as you are asked to do The touch screen is aligned according to the executed pointing operations Alignment Results Information on whether the alignment was performed succesfully and on the applied cor rection data is displayed The results are available until the next self alignment process is started or the instrument is switched off Remote command CALibration RESult on page 934 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 523 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup EE General Instrument Settings 9 3 4 System Configuration Settings The system configuration information and settings are provided in the System Configu ration dialog box which is displayed when you press the SETUP key and then select System Configuration Hardware nformati sassis a ecto elie a a S ia 524 e Information on Versions and CIONONS oie scccscasscesscccanoceasdebeansuesiuwecteesseteenonuenteeedeses 524 System Sine ie isc Salsa ic tccnd darea cciceicsa sadn ee Adacd nde nstdliedetiescittcns eas imeeeesadaet 526 EE Se UDIO eaaa EA E AA 526 PIE ee eee EEE ee eee AS 527 9 3 4 1 Hardware Information An overview of the installed hardware in your R amp S FSW is provided in the Hardware Info tab of the System Configuration dialog box Every listed component is described by its serial number order number model informa t
154. osition of marker 1 at the peak value The delta marker refers to the fixed reference marker User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 449 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions 7 4 2 2 i Marker Usage If activated the fixed reference marker FXD can also be selected as a Reference Marker instead of another marker The Level and Frequency or Time settings define the position and value of the ref erence marker Alternatively a Peak Search can be performed to set the current maximum value of the trace assigned to marker 1 as the fixed reference marker Remote command CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt FUNCtion FIXed RPOint Y on page 879 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt FUNCtion FIXed RPOint X on page 879 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt FUNCt ion FIXed RPOint MAXim m PEAK on page 879 Marker Search Settings and Positioning Functions Several functions are available to set the marker to a specific position very quickly and easily or to use the current marker position to define another characteristic value In order to determine the required marker position searches may be performed The search results can be influenced by special settings Most marker positioning functions and the search settings are available in the MKR gt menu Search settings are also available via the MARKER key or in the vertical Marker Con fig tab of the Analysis dialog box horizontal Search Setting
155. ot need to be repeated every time the instrument is switched on It is only necessary when instrument malfunction is suspected Operating temperature Before performing this functional test make sure that the instrument has reached its operating temperature for details refer to the data sheet 1 Press the SETUP key 2 Press the Service softkey 3 Press the Selftest softkey Once the instrument modules have been checked successfully a message is dis played How to Align the Instrument and the Touch Screen Operating temperature Before performing this functional test make sure that the instrument has reached its operating temperature for details refer to the data sheet To perform a self alignment 1 Press the SETUP key 2 Select the Alignment softkey 3 Select the Start Self alignment button 4 To abort the self alignment process select the Abort Self alignment button Once the system correction values have been calculated successfully a message is displayed User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 546 R amp S FSW 9 6 3 9 6 4 General Instrument Setup How to Configure the Basic Instrument Settings To display the alignment results again later e Press the SETUP key e Press the Alignment softkey To align the touch screen 1 Press the SETUP key 2 Select the Alignment softkey 3 Select Touch Screen Alignment A blinking cross appears in the lower left corner of the s
156. p S FSW 2 Set the center frequency to 128 MHz 3 Set the span to 100 kHz The R amp S FSW displays the reference signal with a span of 100 kHz and resolution bandwidth of 1 kHz 4 Switch on the marker by pressing the MKR key The marker is positioned on the trace maximum 5 Set the measured signal frequency and the measured level as reference values a Press the MKR FUNC key b Press the Reference Fixed softkey User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 473 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Display and Limit Lines The position of the marker becomes the reference point The reference point level is indicated by a horizontal line the reference point frequency with a vertical line At the same time the delta marker 2 is switched on 1 Frequency Sweep CF 30 0 MHz 1001 pts 4 0 MHz Span 40 0 MHz 2 Marker Table Type Ref Stimulus Response Function Function Result FXD 27 07 dBm Mi 30 0 MHz 27 07 dBm D2 FXE 3 397 MHZ 57 06 dB Fig 7 13 Fundamental wave and the frequency and level reference point 6 Make the step size for the center frequency correspond to the signal frequency in the Frequency configuration dialog box select Center Frequency Stepsize Marker The step size for the center frequency is now equal to the marker frequency 7 Move the center frequency to the 2 4 harmonic of the signal by pressing the UP key on the front panel The center frequency is set to the 2 harmonic
157. page 920 Restoring the User Settings to Default Colors In addition to the predefined color settings a user defined setting can be configured By default the same settings as defined in Default Colors 1 are used They can then be modified according to user specific requirements see Modifying User Defined Colors on page 542 The Set to Default function restores the original default settings for the user defined color set You can select which of the three default settings are restored Remote command DISPlay CMAP lt item gt PDEFined on page 945 9 5 External Monitor Settings You can connect an external monitor or projector to the DVI or DISPLAY PORT con nector on the instrument s rear panel see the R amp S FSW Getting Started manual Which display device is used by the instrument is configured in the Configure Monitor tab of the Display dialog box User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 544 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup External Monitor Settings Screen resolution and format The touch screen of the R amp S FSW is calibrated for a 16 10 format If you connect a monitor or projector using a different format e g 4 3 the calibration will not be correct and the screen will not react to your touch actions properly The touch screen has a screen resolution of 1280x800 pixels Most external monitors have a higher screen resolution If the screen resolution of the monitor is set higher than the instru
158. r dialog box Any settings to the marker state or type changed in the Marker Function dialog box are also changed in the Marker dialog box and vice versa To display the Phase Noise Config dialog box do one of the following e Press the MKR FUNC key then select the Select Marker Function softkey Then select the Phase Noise button Select the Phase Noise Config softkey e Inthe Overview select Analysis and switch to the vertical Marker Function Con fig tab Then select the Phase Noise button Select the Phase Noise Config soft key User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 462 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Marker Usage Reference Point Marker State Frequency Marker 1 Den Brai Marker 1 ADO 20 0 MHz HOH orm OE Scr 15 16 Delta oorr orm ae Peak Search C orm slain Auto Peak Search Deltas orm dae On All Phase Noise Off For more information see Measuring Phase Noise on page 442 Phase Noise Measurement State cccccccsscccesceceeeeceseeceseeeassecceesseeeseseeeseseeeeeeess 463 Defining a Reference Point n0 nnannnonnnnnnnsnnerrnoenrernresnnernresnnrrnrrennernrrrnrrrnrernrernnene 463 Switching All Phase Noise Measurements Off cccccsececceseeceeeeseeeseeceeesensesseeeeess 464 Phase Noise Measurement State Activates or deactivates phase noise measurement for the reference point in the diagram This function is on
159. r DEFault on page 848 7 3 3 How to Configure Traces The following step by step procedures describe the following tasks How to Configure a Standard Trace cccccccssecceesecccesseceeaseecsaseeceauseeesaseessaees 429 e How to Display and Configure a SpeCtrOGram ccccsscccsseeeceeeeceseeceesecseeeesaees 430 FOWO COD OOO eniin eaa sacs nmoseneeaasigasenadenuscaatanmuanepesusdecssscaccuge 434 7 3 3 1 How to Configure a Standard Trace Step by step instructions on configuring the trace settings are provided here For details on individual functions and settings see chapter 7 3 2 1 Trace Settings on page 417 The remote commands required to perform these tasks are described in chapter 11 8 2 Configuring the Trace Display and Retrieving Trace Data on page 840 Trace settings are configured in the Traces dialog box To display the Traces dialog box do one of the following e Press the TRACE key and then select the Trace Config softkey e Select Analysis from the Overview then select the Traces tab 1 For each trace select the Trace Mode and Trace Detector Traces with the trace mode Blank are not displayed 2 Toconfigure several traces to predefined display modes in one step press the button for the required function e Preset All Traces User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 429 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions SSL Trace Configuration e Set Trace Mode Avg Ma
160. r Usage Marker Position X value Defines the position x value of the marker in the diagram Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt X on page 860 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt X on page 858 Frame Spectrogram only Spectrogram frame the marker is assigned to Remote command CALCulate MARKer lt m gt SGRam FRAMe on page 872 Marker Type Toggles the marker type The type for marker 1 is always Normal the type for delta marker 1 is always Delta These types cannot be changed Note If normal marker 1 is the active marker switching the Mkr Type activates an additional delta marker 1 For any other marker switching the marker type does not acti vate an additional marker it only switches the type of the selected marker Normal A normal marker indicates the absolute value at the defined position in the diagram Delta A delta marker defines the value of the marker relative to the specified reference marker marker 1 by default Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt STATe on page 859 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt STATe on page 858 Reference Marker Defines a marker as the reference marker which is used to determine relative analysis results delta marker values If a fixed reference point is configured see Defining a Fixed Reference on page 449 the reference point FXD can also be selected instead of another marker Remote command CALCulate lt n gt DELT
161. r sem_ std Remote command MMEMory CATalog on page 907 File Name Contain the name of the data file without the path or extension User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 495 R amp S FSW Data Management en Storing and Recalling Instrument Settings and Measurement Data By default the name of a settings file consists of a base name followed by an underscore Multiple files with the same base name are extended by three numbers e g limat lines 005 For details on the file name and location see chapter 8 2 2 2 Storage Location and File Name on page 494 Comment An optional description for the data file A maximum of 60 characters can be displayed Remote command MMEMory COMMent on page 908 File Type Determines whether the global instrument settings with all channels will be stored or recalled or the current channel settings only Items Defines which data and settings are stored or will be recalled Depending on the File Type only channel settings or global settings are available Which items are available also depends on the installed options see also chapter 8 2 2 1 Stored Data Types on page 493 Remote command MMEMory SELect ITEM ALL on page 912 MMEMory SELect ITEM DEFault on page 913 MMEMory SELect ITEM HWSettings on page 913 3 la R MMEMory SELect ITEM LINes ALL on page 914 is R 4 i na e G Leet Leo MMEMory SELect ITEM NONE on page 914 MMEMory SELect ITE
162. ram are included To remove noise from the display exclude the bottom 10 or 20 dB of the histogram The value range of the color map must cover at least 10 of the value range on the horizontal axis of the diagram The value range can be set numerically or graphically To set the value range graphically using the color range sliders 1 Select and drag the bottom color curve slider indicated by a gray box at the left of the color curve pane to the lowest value you want to include in the color mapping User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 432 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions SS 6S 0 sw OT TEE ES Trace Configuration 2 Select and drag the top color curve slider indicated by a gray box at the right of the color curve pane to the highest value you want to include in the color mapping l I 110dBm 80dBm 60d Bm 40dBm 10dBm To set the value range numerically 1 Inthe Start field enter the percentage from the left border of the histogram that marks the beginning of the value range 2 Inthe Stop field enter the percentage from the right border of the histogram that marks the end of the value range Example The color map starts at 100 dBm and ends at 0 dBm i e a range of 100 dB In order to suppress the noise you only want the color map to start at 90 dBm Thus you enter 10 in the Start field The R amp S FSW shifts the start point 10 to the right to 90 dBm Adjusting the ref
163. reen Some functions such as zooming finding help printing screenshots or storing and load ing files are not accessible at all without the toolbar Remote command on page 942 Status Bar The status bar beneath the diagram indicates the global instrument settings the instru ment status and any irregularities during measurement or display Some of the information displayed in the status bar can be queried from the status registry via remote commands see on page 617 Remote command on page 941 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 538 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup Display Settings Softkey Bar Softkeys are virtual keys provided by the software Thus more functions can be provided than those that can be accessed directly via the function keys on the device The functions provided by the softkeys are often also available via dialog boxes How ever some functions may not be accessible at all without the softkey bar Note The softkey bar is hidden while the SmartGrid is displayed and restored automat ically when the SmartGrid is closed Remote command DISPlay SKEYs STATe on page 942 Diagram Footer Annotation The diagram footer beneath the diagram contains information on the x axis of the diagram display such as the current center frequency and span settings the displayed span per division and the number of sweep points Remote command DISPlay ANNotation FREQuency on page 940 Date and Time The date a
164. rmined automatically by a peak search after each sweep This function can be used to track a drifting source during a phase noise measurement The delta marker 2 which shows the phase noise measurement result keeps the delta frequency value Therefore the phase noise measurement leads to reli able results in a certain offset although the source is drifting Only if the marker 2 reaches the border of the span the delta marker value is adjusted to be within the span In these cases select a larger span The result of the phase noise measurement is the difference in level between the refer ence point and the noise power density It is indicated as the function result of the phase noise marker The sample detector is automatically used and the video bandwidth set to 0 1 times the resolution bandwidth RBW The two settings are taken into account in the correction values used for the noise power measurement To obtain stable results two pixels on the right and the left of the delta marker position are taken for the measurement The procedure for determining the noise power is identical to the method used for the noise power measurement see Measuring Noise Density on page 441 Using logarithmic scaling for the frequency axis allows for a large frequency range with fine resolution close to the carrier Defining a Fixed Reference Marker Instead of using a reference marker that may vary its position depending on the mea surement results a fi
165. rs Selecting the Object Modifying User Defined Colors Selects the object for which the color is to be defined Colors can be defined for the following objects Background Grid Individual traces Display lines Limit lines and check results Markers and marker information Remote command Each object is assigned to a specific suffix of the CMAP commands see chap ter 11 10 5 3 CMAP Suffix Assignment on page 945 Predefined Colors Modifying User Defined Colors Displays the available colors from the predefined color set that can be used for the selected object Remote command HCOPy CMAP lt item gt PDEFined on page 920 Preview Indicates the currently selected color that will be used for the selected object Defining User specific Colors In addition to the colors in the predefined color set you can configure a user specific color to be used for the selected object When you select Userdefined Colors the set of predefined colors is replaced by a color palette and color configuration settings User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 543 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup External Monitor Settings Selected Object Background Preview Tint Saturation Brightness ARGB ff000000 Predefined Colors The color palette allows you to select the color directly The color settings allow you to define values for tint saturation and brightness Remote command HCOPy CMAP lt item gt HSL on
166. s Each data point is defined by its position x axis and value y value The data points must comply with the following rules to ensure correct operation e The frequencies for the data points must always be defined in ascending order Oth erwise the entry will not be accepted and the an error message is displayed e The frequencies of the data points may exceed the valid frequency range of the R amp S FSW since only the set frequency range is taken into account for measurements The minimum frequency of a data point is 0 Hz the maximum frequency 200 GHz e The value range for the transducer factor is 200 dB e Gain has to be entered as a negative value and attenuation as a positive value Remote command SENSe CORRection TRANsducer DATA on page 938 Insert Value Inserts a data point in the transducer line above the selected one in the Edit Trans ducer dialog box Delete Value Deletes the selected data point in the Edit Transducer dialog box Shift x Shifts the x value of each data point horizontally by the defined shift width Shift y Shifts the y value of each data point vertically by the defined shift width Save Saves the currently edited transducer line under the name defined in the Name field Remote command MMEMory SELect ITEM TRANsducer ALL on page 915 MMEMory STORe STATe on page 917 9 3 3 Alignment Settings Both the instrument and the touch screen can be aligned when necessary see chap t
167. s may be detected as a peak if the signal is very flat or does not contain many peaks Therefore you can define a relative threshold Peak excursion The signal level must increase by the threshold value before falling again before a peak is detected To avoid identifying noise peaks as maxima or minima enter a peak excursion value that is higher than the difference between the highest and the lowest value measured for the displayed inherent noise Effect of peak excursion settings example The following figure shows a trace to be analyzed 1 Frequency Sweep CF 900 0 MHz 1001 pts 500 0 kH2 Span 5 0 MHz 2 Marker Table Stimulus Response Function Function Result 900 4995 MHz 8 46 dBm 999 0 kHz 0 02 dB 499 5 kHz 65 75 dB 504 5 kHz 74 53 dB 1 4985 MHz 73 83 dB Fig 7 11 Trace example The following table lists the peaks as indicated by the marker numbers in the diagram above as well as the minimum decrease in amplitude to either side of the peak Marker Min amplitude decrease to either side of the signal User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 439 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions 7 4 1 5 Marker Usage In order to eliminate the smaller peaks M3 M4 and M5 in the example above a peak excursion of at least 20 dB is required In this case the amplitude must rise at least 20 dB before falling again before a peak is detected Marker peak list The marker peak list determines the frequenc
168. s tab For more information on searching for signal peaks see chapter 7 4 1 4 Searching for Signal Peaks on page 438 The remote commands required to define these settings are described in chap ter 11 8 3 4 Positioning the Marker on page 864 Marker Search SettingS cccccccssccecsseeeceeseecesseeseasecceasseeseaseessaseeseeuseessaseessagees 450 Marker Search Settings for SPeCtrOGraMs ccccsececcsececsssecceeeeseeeeeceueecseeeesaees 453 DF NS marssiin ninaa E E EDAN Eaa aiaa 457 Marker Search Settings Markers are commonly used to determine peak values i e maximum or minimum values in the measured signal Configuration settings allow you to influence the peak search results For Spectrograms special marker settings are available see Marker Search Settings for Spectrograms on page 453 These settings are are available as softkeys in the Marker To menu or in the Search Settings tab of the Marker dialog box To display this tab do one of the following e Press the MKR key then select the Marker Config softkey Then select the hori zontal Search Settings tab User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 450 Common Analysis and Display Functions Marker Usage e Inthe Overview select Analysis and switch to the vertical Marker Config tab Then select the horizontal Search Settings tab Markers Peaksearch Next Peak Mode Exclude LO Auto Min Peak Marker Settings Sear
169. s the automatic adjustment of the reference level to the selected transducer factor Auto Activates the automatic adjustment The original dynamic range is restored by shifting the reference level by the maximum transducer factor Man Deactivates the automatic adjustment Adjust the reference level via the Amplitude menu Remote command SENSe CORRection TRANsducer ADJust RLEVel STATe on page 937 Create New Line Create a new transducer line Remote command SENSe CORRection TRANsducer SELect on page 938 Edit Line Edit an existing transducer line configuration Copy Line Copy the selected transducer line configuration to create a new line Delete Line Delete the selected transducer line Remote command SENSe CORRection TRANsducer DELete on page 938 Transducer Factors The settings and functions available for individual transducer lines are described here For instructions on creating and editing transducer lines see chapter 9 6 5 How to Con figure the Transducer on page 548 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 520 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup General Instrument Settings Tv seer ETIT Transducer 1 2i i EE AARE ar ERROR eer Value 1 00 dB 500 00000000 MHz 5 00 dB 7 00000000000 GHz 10 00 dB 13 50000000000 GHz 5 00 dB 26 50000000000 GHz 1 00 dB Ni ssc E A A A E E A E O E E 522 Doogee j E E E E EA E gees ae sees E T 522 BS
170. scending order Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion FPEaks SORT on page 881 Maximum Number of Peaks Defines the maximum number of peaks to be determined and displayed Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion FPEaks LIST SIZE on page 881 Peak Excursion Defines the minimum level value by which a signal must rise or fall so that it will be identified as a maximum or a minimum by the search functions Entries from 0 dB to 80 dB are allowed the resolution is 0 1 dB The default setting for the peak excursion is 6 dB For more information see chapter 7 4 1 4 Searching for Signal Peaks on page 438 Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer PEXCursion on page 862 Displaying Marker Numbers By default the marker numbers are indicated in the diagram so you can find the peaks from the list However for large numbers of peaks the marker numbers may decrease readability in this case deactivate the marker number display Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion FPEaks ANNotation LABel STATe on page 880 Exporting the Peak List The peak list can be exported to an ASCII file DAT for analysis in an external applica tion Remote command MMEMory STORe LIST on page 926 FORMat DEXPort DSEParator on page 906 Deactivating All Marker Functions All special marker functions can be deactivated in one step Use the All Functions Off button in the Marker Functi
171. set Shifts a limit line that has relative values for the y axis levels or linear units such as volt vertically This setting does not have any effect on limit lines that are defined by absolute values for the y axis Remote command CALCulate LIMit lt k gt LOWer OFFSet on page 898 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt UPPer OFFSet on page 901 Create New Line Creates a new limit line Edit Line Edit an existing limit line configuration Copy Line Copy the selected limit line configuration to create a new line Remote command CALCulate LIMit lt k gt COPY on page 903 Delete Line Delete the selected limit line configuration Remote command CALCulate LIMit lt k gt DELete on page 903 Disable All Lines Disable all limit lines in one step Remote command CALCulate LIMit lt k gt STATe on page 903 Limit Line Details Limit lines details are configured in the Edit Line Line dialog box which is displayed when you select the New Edit or Copy To buttons in the Line Config dialog box User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 482 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Display and Limit Lines Name UPPER LIMIT LINE Threshold 200 0 dBm X Axis Position a 9 19 99 dBm 0 00 Hz 20 00 dBm 30 00000000 MHz 20 00 dBm 9 20 01 dam 31 50 MHz Beek ee ene eae ee ee ce ee 484 ieena i E E SE EE E E EE E E E EE sane E 485 DOES y IUE erases sees specs a a E EA 485 S
172. sition and send the result to the audio output Marker Demodulation is configured in the Marker Demod Config dialog box using the Marker Demodulation function To display the Marker Demod Config dialog box do one of the following e Press the MKR FUNC key then select the Select Marker Function softkey Then select the Marker Demodulation button Select the Marker Demod Config softkey e Inthe Overview select Analysis and switch to the vertical Marker Function Con fig tab Then select the Marker Demodulation button Select the Marker Demod Config softkey Marker De cmp Marker Continuous Marker Demodulation Demodulation Stop Time Marker Modulation Squelch Squelch Level ments on Q based data iy This function is not available for Spectrum Emission Mask measurements or measure User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 467 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions l a AAR Marker Usage For details see Demodulating Marker Values and Providing Audio Output on page 444 Marker Demodulation State ccccccccceseeceeceseecceeeeeeeeeeeeueeeeeeeeeeseueeuaeeeeeeeeeeeeeusensess 468 Continuous TS AU so ssc picticecesceemsncaneceentncactavesnaieadaevecnivatenebecadenniacencdicanstcanestcanstons 468 Marker Stop TIMO mecano aeien agtaces iiaiai 468 Kocu a T S E 468 ENT e j AAE E N EE EEE E AA E E E A A A ATE 468 e e a A A E A A E A A uedaeetoescpeoey 469 Marker Demodulation State Activates or deacti
173. ssundanctatuaesedsavdentedsuneetwauedentandasin 520 Seea a E S A E A ceeded ET 520 Lea Mi TEPE ee E E E EEEE EEE EEE EE I E E ET 520 Be ie TEE TA T A E E E EA 520 Bo ir y saa sate Se ce eens E E E E E E E E 520 Name The name of the stored transducer line Unit The unit in which the y values of the data points of the transducer line are defined The following units are available dB dBm dBmV dBuV dBuV m dBuA dBuA m dBpW dBpT Compatibility Indicates whether the transducer factors are compatible with the current measurement settings For more information on which conditions a transducer line must fulfill to be compatible see chapter 9 2 Basics on Transducer Factors on page 513 Activating Deactivating Activates deactivates the transducer line Up to 8 transducer lines can be active at the same time Remote command SENSe CORRection TRANsducer SELect on page 938 SENSe CORRection TRANsducer STATe on page 939 Comment An optional description of the transducer line User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 519 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup 9 3 2 2 General Instrument Settings Included Lines in Overview View Filter Defines which of the stored lines are included in the overview The view can be restricted to compatible lines only or include all lines found Whether a line is compatible or not is indicated in the Compatibility setting Adjusting the Reference Level Activates or deactivate
174. st settings as described in Marker Peak List Con figuration on page 469 4 Set the marker peak list State to On 5 Press the RUN SINGLE key to perform a single sweep measurement and create a marker peak list 6 Select the Marker Peak List softkey to display the Marker Peak List dialog box again 7 If necessary change the decimal separator to be used for the ASCII export file 8 Select the Export Peak List button 9 Inthe file selection dialog box select the storage location and file name for the export file 10 Select Save to close the dialog box and export the peak list data to the file Reference File Format Descriptions This reference describes in detail the format of the export files for result data For a description of the file formats for spectrum emission mask SEM measurement settings and results see chapter 5 5 7 Reference SEM File Descriptions on page 189 The file format for Spurious Emissions measurement results is described in chapter 5 6 6 Reference ASCII Export File Format Spurious on page 206 e Reference ASCII File Export Format ccccccccsscccsssecseeseseeseseeeeseeseaeessaseesages 503 Reference ASCII File Export Format Trace data can be exported to a file in ASCII format for further evaluation in other appli cations For details see chapter 8 3 2 How to Export Trace Data and Numerical Results on page 502 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 503 R
175. sults displayed on the screen General storage and import export functions are available via the toolbar Some special storage functions are also available via softkeys or dialog boxes in the corresponding menus e g trace data or marker peak lists e Restoring the Default Instrument Configuration Preset ccccccsseccsseesseeeeeees 489 e Storing and Recalling Instrument Settings and Measurement Data 491 e Importing and Exporting Measurement Results for Evaluation cccccseeeeees 500 e Creating Screenshots of Current Measurement Results and Settings 507 8 1 Restoring the Default Instrument Configuration Pre set When delivered the R amp S FSW has a default configuration You can restore this defined initial state at any time as a known starting point for measurements This is often recom mendable as a first step in troubleshooting when unusual measurement results arise To restore the default instrument configuration for all channels at once gt Press the PRESET key Alternatively to the factory default settings you can define user specific recall settings to be restored after a preset or reboot see To recall settings automatically after preset or reboot on page 500 After you use the PRESET function the history of previous actions is deleted i e any actions performed previously cannot be undone or redone using the UNDO REDO keys Remote command RST or SYSTem
176. t Marker Function softkey Then select the Noise Measurement button Select the Noise Meas Config softkey e Inthe Overview select Analysis and switch to the vertical Marker Function Con fig tab Then select the Noise Measurement button Select the Noise Meas Con fig softkey User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 460 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Marker Usage Marker 1 e s ey A m j S 9 g Marker 1 J S 7 14 T ae S Delta 2 15 16 Delta 3 8 3 Delta 4 S RS JFE Delta 6 For details see Measuring Noise Density on page 441 AE ee ges E E E E E E E E E 461 a E a E E E EE EE 461 Noise Measurement State cc cccccccccececcccecececececueueueaeaeaeaececececscecueucueaeauaeauaeaeaensaeaes 462 Switching All Noise Measurements Off cccccssccecesceceescecsseeceseeeeeseeesseeseageeseeeeees 462 Marker State Activates or deactivates the marker in the diagram Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt STATe on page 859 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt STATe on page 858 Marker Type Toggles the marker type The type for marker 1 is always Normal the type for delta marker 1 is always Delta These types cannot be changed Note If normal marker 1 is the active marker switching the Mkr Type activates an additional delta marker 1 For any other marker switching the marker type does not acti vate an additio
177. t the frame number and the time that frame was recorded For large history buffers the export operation may take some time For details on the file format see chapter 8 3 4 1 Reference ASCII File Export For mat on page 503 Remote command MMEMory STORe lt n gt TRACe on page 927 MMEMory STORe SGRam on page 926 Spectrogram Settings The individual settings available for spectrogram display are described here For settings on color mapping see Color Map Settings on page 428 Settings concerning the frames and how they are handled during a sweep are provided as additional sweep settings for spectrogram display see Spectrogram Frames on page 374 Search functions for spectrogram markers are described in Marker Search Settings for Spectrograms on page 453 General Spectrogram SettingS cccccsscccssseeccsseeceeseeceeseeecsseecsaseeeesseeseaseessaeees 425 LOr re a a a NE E E EEREN 428 General Spectrogram Settings This section describes general settings for spectrogram display They are available when you press the TRACE key and then select the Spectrogram Config softkey User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 425 Common Analysis and Display Functions Trace Configuration Traces Trace Export CopyTrace Spectrogram State On settings Select Frame meiegi Dalag 3000 TimeStamp Off Color Mapping Continuous Sweep Stop Single Sweep Clear Spectrogram PN A PE AE EEE E E N A E AE A O 426 PE
178. the R amp S FSW Therefore only user accounts with administrator rights can use service functions and many of the functions can only be used after entering a password These functions are described in the instrument service manual The service functions are available in the Service Function tab of the Service dialog box User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 532 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup General Instrument Settings Service Speck un um t R amp S Support Selftest Calibration Signal Service Function Hardware Diagnostics Service Function T Service function in progress 1 1 1 1 1 Clear History Service function in progress 45251 4 0 Password f seeeeeeeeoe Da E a E aces anova E esta dead E inact estedasedeenacecunacets 533 Fase T A NE as E EE A A A E E A A dajucons O EEA 534 Clear co orariu aaea aa aaa ee eee ee eee eee eee 534 SAVE RESUItS cccceccececceececeeceeeeceeceeceeeueeeeeucceeeueueeeeeeeeeeeseeseueeeeeseeseeeeuseseusenseuseseuseneenes 534 Fe apc cps caer cm cere eines EAE cst eee TEE E E T oie ers eine nee cine E 534 Service Function Selects the service function by its numeric code or textual name The selection list includes all functions previously selected since the last Clear His tory action Remote command DIAGnostic SERVice SFUNction on page 954 Numeric Mode If activated the service function is selected by its numeric code Otherwise the function is
179. the determined signal point by setting the marker value to the center frequency Select the Center Mkr Freq softkey 4 Determine the precise frequency of the signal point a Select the Select Marker Function softkey b Select the Signal Count button c Select the Signal Count Resolution softkey d Select the resolution depending on how precise the result needs to be How to Use a Fixed Reference Marker By default delta markers refer to marker 1 However they can also refer to a fixed ref erence marker How to Define and Move a Fixed Reference Marker 1 To display a fixed reference marker do one of the following e Press the MKR FUNC key then select the Reference Fixed marker function e Inthe Marker dialog box in the Reference Fixed area of the Marker Config tab set the State to On User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 471 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions 2 Marker Usage A vertical and a horizontal red display line are displayed marked as FXD The nor mal marker 1 is activated and set to the peak value of the trace assigned to marker 1 and a delta marker to the next peak The fixed reference marker is set to the position of marker 1 at the peak value To move the fixed reference marker do one of the following e Change the Level and Frequency of the reference point in the Marker Con fig tab of the Marker dialog box By default the current peak value of tra
180. tistical evaluations etc Thus the result display is highly configurable to suit your specific requirements and optimize analysis Here you can find out how to optimize the display for your measurement results Basic operations concerning the R amp S FSW display for example how to use the Smart Grid are described in the R amp S FSW Getting Started manual General display settings that are usually configured during initial instrument setup inde pendantly of the current measurement e g which items or colors are displayed on the screen are described in chapter 9 4 Display Settings on page 535 e Basic Evaluation MEIN Seiciicccccseccvisesesiveies cedhwoduteasweesveaewssdeestasadebedodusseerelabevoueedes 397 e How to Select an Evaluation Method cccccccecececcccccecececcceccscececeacacsceneaeavacs 399 Basic Evaluation Methods Measurement results can be displayed and evaluated using various different methods also at the same time Depending on the currently selected measurement in particular when using optional firmware applications not all evaluation methods are available The evaluation methods described here are available for most measurements in the Spectrum application User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 397 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions O O eee Result Display Configuration DE aag A E rate E E E TENE E I O OE E E cane 398 Aa FIR E EA EN 398 KAKE F Oak LU ee EEE E 398 ae PES EA a E E E
181. tivate a limit check on page 486 e How to edit existing limit lines on page 487 e How to copy an existing limit line on page 487 e How to delete an existing limit line on page 487 e How to configure a new limit line on page 487 e How to move the limit line vertically or horizontally on page 488 How to find compatible limit lines gt Inthe Line Config dialog box select the View filter option Show compatible All stored limit lines with the file extension LIN in the limits subfolder of the main installation folder of the instrument that are compatible to the current measurement settings are displayed in the overview How to activate and deactivate a limit check A limit check is automatically performed as soon as any of the limit lines is activated 1 To activate a limit check Select the Check Traces setting for a limit line in the overview and select the trace numbers to be included in the limit check One limit line can be assigned to several traces The specified traces to be checked are compared with the active limit lines The status of the limit check is indicated in the diagram 2 To deactivate a limit line deactivate all Traces to check for it To deactivate all limit lines at once select the Disable All Lines button User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 486 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions Display and Limit Lines The limit checks for the deactivated limit lines are stopped a
182. tly selected path The default storage location for the SEM settings files is C R_S instr sem_ std Remote command MMEMory CATalog on page 907 File Name Contain the name of the data file without the path or extension By default the name of a settings file consists of a base name followed by an underscore Multiple files with the same base name are extended by three numbers e g limat lines 005 For details on the file name and location see chapter 8 2 2 2 Storage Location and File Name on page 494 Comment An optional description for the data file A maximum of 60 characters can be displayed Remote command MMEMory COMMent on page 908 Cancel Closes the dialog box without saving the settings How to Save and Load Instrument Settings Instrument settings can be saved to a file and loaded again later so that you can repeat the measurement with the same settings Optionally user defined measurement settings can automatically be restored each time you start or preset the instrument To save and recall instrument settings using the Quick Save function 1 Select the EJ Save icon from the toolbar User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 498 R amp S FSW Data Management eS Storing and Recalling Instrument Settings and Measurement Data 2 Select whether the instrument settings for all channels are to be stored or only those for the current channel 3 Select one of the save sets in which the settings are to be stored
183. to perform these tasks are described in chapter 11 8 2 2 Configuring Spectrograms on page 845 The following tasks are described here e To display a spectrogram on page 431 e To remove the spectrogram display on page 431 e To set a marker in the spectrogram on page 431 e To configure a spectrogram on page 431 e To select a color scheme on page 432 e To set the value range graphically using the color range sliders on page 432 e To set the value range numerically on page 433 e To set the color curve shape graphically using the slider on page 434 e To set the color curve shape numerically on page 434 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 430 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions i EEEEEEEEEETEOETETETETETOTOTOTOTTITITTIOTTTITIII_XIX_X XXXCX gt X7 X gt C CADAD D gt LC gt D _ 7 gt 7 7 A77 gt Trace Configuration To display a spectrogram 1 Inthe Overview select Display then drag the evaluation type Spectrogram to the diagram area Alternatively a Select the TRACE key and then the Spectrogram Config softkey b Toggle Spectrogram to ON 2 Toclear an existing spectrogram display select Clear Spectrogram 3 Start anew measurement using RUN SINGLE or RUN CONT The spectrogram is updated continuously with each new sweep 4 To display the spectrum diagram for a specific time frame a Stop the continuous measurement or wait until the single sweep is comp
184. to those defined in the Marker dialog box see Individual Marker Setup on page 445 Any settings to the marker state or type changed in the Marker Function dialog box are also changed in the Marker dialog box and vice versa To display the Band Power Config dialog box do one of the following User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 465 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions TE IMME Marker Usage e Press the MKR FUNC key then select the Select Marker Function softkey Then select the Band Power button Select the Band Power Config softkey e Inthe Overview select Analysis and switch to the vertical Marker Function Con fig tab Then select the Band Power button Select the Band Power Config soft key State Type 3 ar Spi Power Mode 500 0 kHz S A 1 325 GHz ela Off E 500 0 kHz eh em ensity f 500 0 kHz Eia Density 1 325 GHz Bower 4 a on KBE 1 325 GHz Power On EB 1 325 GHz EP ensity 9 z g D a H E g s 5 f Q 5 so oN w s ct V A A 3 z 3 g s 3j All Bandpower Off For more information see Measuring the Power in a Channel Band on page 444 Band Power Measurement State ccccsccccseccseeceececeseceueecaeeceueesaeessueeeueesasessueesaees 466 E E E E E E E E E 467 POWO arc wie eres eens cats nnn nce E ERS 467 Switching All Band Power Measurements Off ccccssee
185. u select the Print icon in the toolbar For step by step instructions see chapter 8 4 2 How to Store or Print Screenshots of the Display on page 511 Remote commands for these settings are described in chapter 11 9 4 Storing or Printing Screenshots on page 919 To print a screensot of the current display with the current settings immediately without switching to the Print menu use the Print immediately icon at the right hand side of the toolbar Printing or Storing a Screenshot Print SCreen cccccsseeceseeccsseecsseeseseeseeeeeseeeess 508 wo eE o E A E EET I O N E E AT TN 508 L Output MeCiUM cecceecececeessecscescecscesececscecececaceverevaceceneveuevenevseevsnsvenevensvens 509 L Print Date and TS ccc asec eecteca dase cnqutesecayatnenedeeanananenssenueetuaetscetiaseeentace 509 Be IG settee secant os re rupee ute E E E iesedeeaiaiee 509 L Suppress File Name Dialog c ccecccecssececereeececerecececerevecevenevseevenevenevenevens 510 aD ee oe vacasecztaecaseipttnonaauesainaSbenseneoeienbiesacdsa ib eutinsieaiesaussemneeaboiseanics 510 L Printer ee ee a ee ee E rE E 510 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 507 R amp S FSW Data Management Se Creating Screenshots of Current Measurement Results and Settings L Print to File ccccccccccsctssesessceseeseessesseeeseesesssessiesenssesseuseesseusseesessueseseunees 510 L Oriemtation ccccccccssccccseecceccsscccccssccccccseccecsessccccecsuc
186. ucer FACOG i saceiniwctiinnaanversexenenracsnedunslennuduchwindianseseradnesaamnuateanes 513 General Instrument SES ssc isecists caesdiscecde elena estes duaiceesenGsanncieusd deealavaxcdlendwdiaxsencd 514 o e LEE E E E A T tte sete canine naetc bes suectenedeneneedannyse 535 External Monitor SettingS ccccccccssccecsseeceeseeceseecsseeceeeeeeaseeesaeeesegeeessseessaes 544 e How to Configure the Basic Instrument SettingS cc sscccssseeeessseeeeeseeesaeees 546 Basics on Alignment When you put the instrument into operation for the first time or when strong temperature changes occur it may be necessary to align the data to a reference source see also Temperature check on page 513 During instrument start the installed hardware is checked against the current firmware version to ensure the hardware is supported If not an error message is displayed WRONG_FW and you are asked to update the firmware Until the firmware version is updated self alignment fails The correction data and characteristics required for the alignment are determined by comparison of the results at different settings with the known characteristics of the high precision calibration signal source at 64 MHz Alignment results The alignment results are displayed and contain the following information e date and time of last correction data record e overall results of correction data record e list of found correction values accor
187. ucessecucssetsuseasacecseneeeess 510 H E E cence sions os es es ier E EN E E peg ets nate crue eee ata 510 Fa N A A EN A AA E 510 NN A E E tees IAE E tdi po EE A E E E AAE aces 510 Tighe E E O rE ee ee ee E ee eee re ae 511 Printing or Storing a Screenshot Print Screen Starts to print out or store all measurement results displayed on the screen diagrams traces markers marker lists limit lines etc including the channel and status bars Optionally comments and the date and time are included at the bottom margin of the printout All displayed items belonging to the software user interface e g softkeys or dialog boxes are not printed out Whether the output is sent to the printer or stored in a file or the clipboard depends on the selected device and the device settings If the output is stored to a file a file selection dialog box is opened to select the file name and location The default path is C r_s instr user The Print menu is displayed to configure printing Remote command HCOPy ITEM ALL on page 923 HCOPy IMMediate lt device gt on page 922 HCOPy IMMediate lt device gt NEXT on page 922 Device Setup Defines the behavior of the Print Screen function depending on which device is selected Two different devices can be configured e g one for printing and one for stor age to a file User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 508 R amp S FSW Data Management Creating Screenshots of Current Measurement Resu
188. udvtenieudana 537 Date and Time ins inherited recente decent dic ei E aaa EEA 537 Display Power Save FUNCOM incirin bite a a aia i aiea 537 Deactivating and Activating the Touch Screen The touch screen function can be deactivated e g when the instrument is being used for demonstration purposes and tapping the screen should not provoke an action To reactivate the touch screen simply press the SETUP key on the front panel The Display dialog box is opened automatically and the Touch Screen option is set to ON TOUCH ON Touch screen function is active for the entire screen TOUCH OFF Touch screen is deactivated for the entire screen TOUCH DIAGRAM OFF Touch screen is deactivated for the diagram area of the screen but active for the surrounding softkeys toolbars and menus Remote command DISPlay TOUChscreen STATe on page 942 Display Update Rate By default a fast update rate ensures the most recent measurement results on the dis play However when performance is poor due to slow data transfer for example during remote control it may be helpful to decrease the frequency with which the screen display is updated User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 536 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup 9 4 2 Display Settings Setting the Date and Time The current date and time on the instrument is set using the standard Windows Date and Time Properties dialog box which is displayed when you select the Set Date and Time b
189. ueeeseueuseueuseeseseuaesauaesauees 460 Phase Noise Measurement Markel ccccccecescecsececcececeeceeeeseusesueeeauseueusaueesauees 462 MOB COAN INO E E ENa a OA eai 464 Reference E m E O 465 Band Power Markel cccccccececcececcececeeceeeeeesesaueuseeauseeauaueeeaususaueuseeueeeuueuaesueesas 465 Marker CISTI NANO ive recdideccarndcctncaciccacasatiansedeeeannndneousmetacaaetabedasnmedemcatanaassamianuentan 467 Marker Peak List Spi EN ics sssstovsents nese suc ontnanncthreseasieedsdacdsaneemesitansicventaaxess 469 Deactivating All Marker FUNCHIONS wise elicxcasdcwsecruiectandardlaccdndiuasacusibasdiaatinceniferuedeniss 470 Precise Frequency Signal Count Marker A special marker can be used to determine a particular frequency or time in a measured Signal very accurately Signal counters are configured in the Signal Count Config dialog box To display the Signal Count Config dialog box do one of the following Press the MKR FUNC key then select the Select Marker Function softkey Then select the Signal Count button Select the Signal Count Config softkey In the Overview select Analysis and switch to the vertical Marker Function Con fig tab Then select the Signal Count button Select the Signal Count Config soft key Signal Cou liL Marker Signal Count Resolution On 100 mHz For details see Performing a Highly Accurate Frequency Measurement Signal Count on page 440 User Manual 1173 9411
190. until the maximum number of captured frames is reached The display is updated continuously during the measurement and the measured trace data is stored Spectrogram displays are continued even after single sweep measurements unless they are cleared manually The maximum number of frames that you can capture is summarized in table 7 3 Table 7 3 Correlation between number of sweep points and number of frames stored in the history buffer Sweep Points Max History Depth lt 1250 20000 2001 12488 Frame analysis Frame count vs sweep count As described for standard spectrum sweeps the sweep count defines how many sweeps are analyzed to create a single trace Thus for a trace in Average mode for example a sweep count of 10 means that 10 sweeps are averaged to create a single trace or frame The frame count on the other hand determines how many frames are plotted during a single sweep measurement as opposed to a continuous sweep For a frame count of 2 for example 2 frames will be plotted during each single sweep For continuous sweep mode the frame count is irrelevant one frame is plotted per sweep until the measurement is stopped If you combine the two settings 20 sweeps will be performed for each single sweep measurement The first 10 will be averaged to create the first frame the next 10 will be averaged to create the second frame As you can see increasing the sweep count increases the accuracy of the individua
191. ured in the EMI marker settings see chapter 5 13 4 1 EMI Marker Configuration on page 260 Auto Selects the optimum detector for the selected trace and filter mode This is the default setting Type Defines the selected detector type Note If the EMI R amp S FSW K54 measurement option is installed and the filter type CISPR is selected additional detectors are available even if EMI measurement is not active For details see chapter 5 13 3 2 Detectors and Dwell Time on page 252 Remote command SENSe WINDow DETector lt trace gt FUNCtion on page 843 SENSe WINDow DETector lt trace gt FUNCtion AUTO on page 844 Hold If activated traces in Min Hold Max Hold and Average mode are not reset after specific parameter changes have been made User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 419 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions SSL Trace Configuration Normally the measurement is started anew after parameter changes before the mea surement results are analyzed e g using a marker In all cases that require a new mea surement after parameter changes the trace is reset automatically to avoid false results e g with span changes For applications that require no reset after parameter changes the automatic reset can be switched off The default setting is off Remote command DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt MODE HCONtinuous on page 841 Average Mode Defines the mode with
192. urement Data All Traces All active traces R amp S FSW K30 only also calibration data All Limit Lines All limit lines Note information on which limit lines are active is stored with the Current Settings Noise ENR Data in ENR Settings dialog box R amp S FSW K30 only Noise Loss Settings Data in Loss Settings dialog box R amp S FSW K30 only Noise Calibration data Results from calibration measurement R amp S FSW K30 only K40 Results All current phase noise trace results R amp S FSW K40 only Storage Location and File Name The data is stored on the internal flash disk or if selected on a memory stick or network drive The operating system firmware and stored instrument settings are located on drive C All other folders and drives can be used to store measurement data The storage location and file name are selected in a file selection dialog box which is displayed when you perform a storage function By default the name of a settings file consists of a base name followed by an underscore and three numbers e g Limit lines 005 In the example the base name is limit lines The base name can contain characters numbers and underscores The file extension df1 is added automatically The default folder for settings files is CENE S ins cr user Save and Recall Dialog Boxes The following dialog boxes are available via softkeys in the Save Recall menu which is displayed when you select the Save or Open ico
193. utton in the Display dialog box or when you tap the date and time display in the status bar Date and Time Format Switches the time and date display on the screen between US and German DE format Remote command DISPlay WINDow TIME FORMat on page 943 Display Power Save Function The touch screen can be set to a power save mode in which the display is temporarily switched off including the backlight This is useful during remote control for example or when a measurement with a long duration is running that needs not be monitored You can define a waiting time after which the power save mode sets in automatically if no manual interaction with the instrument occurs To switch the display back on tap the screen or press a key Remote command DISPlay PSAVe STATe on page 941 DISPlay PSAVe HOLDoff on page 941 Displayed Items Several elements on the screen display can be hidden or shown as required for example to enlarge the display area for the measurement results These settings are available in the Displayed Items tab of the Display dialog box User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 537 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup Display Settings Mode Auto Sweep General Displayed Items Theme Color Configure Monitor Toolbar Status Bar Softkey Bar Annotation Date and Time Front Panel Mini Front Panel Toolbar The toolbar provides access to frequently used functions via icons at the top of the sc
194. value at the defined position in the diagram A delta marker indicates the value of the marker relative to the specified reference marker by default marker 1 In addition special functions can be assigned to the individual markers The availability of special marker functions depends on whether the measurement is performed in the frequency or time domain Temporary markers are used in addition to the markers and delta markers to analyze the measurement results for special marker functions They disappear when the associated function is deactivated Activating Markers Only active markers are displayed in the diagram and in the marker table Active markers are indicated by a highlighted softkey By default marker 1 is active and positioned on the maximum value peak of trace 1 as a normal marker If several traces are displayed the marker is set to the maximum value of the trace which has the lowest number and is not frozen View mode The next marker to be activated is set to the frequency of the next lower level next peak as a delta marker its value is indicated as an offset to marker 1 A marker can only be activated when at least one trace in the corresponding window is visible If a trace is switched off the corresponding markers and marker functions are also deactivated If the trace is switched on again the markers along with coupled func tions are restored to their original positions provided the markers have not been used o
195. vates the demodulation output Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion DEModulation STATe on page 892 Continuous Demodulation If activated the signal is demodulated continuously not only at the marker position and sent to the audio output This allows you to monitor the frequency range acoustically assuming the sweep time is long enough For zero span and EMI measurements demodulation is always active continuously Remote command CALCU lLate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtiOon DEModu lation CONTinuous on page 891 Marker Stop Time Defines how long the sweep is stopped at the marker position to output the demodulated signal For zero span measurements demodulation is always active continuously regardless of the marker stop time For EMI measurements the duration of the demodulation at each marker position is limi ted by the dwell time of the EMI measurement marker see Dwell Time on page 264 Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion DEModulation HOLDoff on page 892 Modulation Defines the demodulation mode for output AM FM The default setting is AM Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion DEModulation SELect on page 892 Squelch Activates or deactivates the squelch function If activated the audible AF is cut off below a defined threshold level Thus you avoid hearing noise at the audio output when no signal is available The squelch funct
196. ve more stable trace curves even when using an RMS detector Normally if the RMS detector is used the sweep time should be increased to get more stable traces Auto detector If the R amp S FSW is set to define the appropriate detector automatically the detector is set depending on the selected trace mode wo Eoy C 7 3 1 2 Analyzing Several Traces Trace Mode If several sweeps are performed one after the other or continuous sweeps are performed the trace mode determines how the data for subsequent traces is processed After each sweep the trace mode determines whether e the data is frozen View e the data is hidden Blank e the data is replaced by new values Clear Write e the data is replaced selectively Max Hold Min Hold Average Each time the trace mode is changed the selected trace memory is cleared The trace mode also determines the detector type if the detector is set automatically see chapter 7 3 1 1 Mapping Samples to Sweep Points with the Trace Detector on page 406 The R amp S FSW offers the following trace modes User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 408 R amp S FSW 7 3 1 3 Common Analysis and Display Functions Trace Configuration Table 7 2 Overview of available trace modes Hides the selected trace Clear Write Overwrite mode the trace is overwritten by each sweep This is the default setting All available detectors can be selected Max Hold The maximum value is determi
197. wed the resolution is 0 1 dB The default setting for the peak excursion is 6 dB For more information see chapter 7 4 1 4 Searching for Signal Peaks on page 438 Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer PEXCursion on page 862 Auto Max Min Peak Search If activated a maximum or minimum peak search is performed automatically for marker 1 after each sweep For spectrogram displays define which frame the peak is to be searched in For EMI measurements these functions are not available use Automatic Peak Search instead see chapter 5 13 4 2 EMI Final Measurement Configuration on page 263 Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum AUTO on page 865 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum AUTO on page 866 Search Limits The search results can be restricted by limiting the search area or adding search condi tions Search Limits Left Right Search Limits If activated limit lines are defined and displayed for the search Only results within the limited search range are considered For details on limit lines for searches see Peak search limits on page 439 Remote command CALCulate MARKer X SLIMits STATe on page 862 CALCulate MARKer X SLIMits LEFT on page 863 CALCulate MARKer X SLIMits RIGHT on page 863 User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 456 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions EEE Marker Usage Search Threshold Search Limits Defines an absolute threshold as an a
198. x Min e Set Trace Mode Max ClrWrite Min For details see chapter 7 3 2 1 Trace Settings on page 417 3 For Average trace mode define the number of sweeps to be averaged in the Sweep Average Count field of the Sweep Config dialog box Press the SWEEP key and then select the Sweep Config softkey to display the Sweep Config dialog box 4 If linear scaling is used select the Average Mode Linear 5 To improve the trace stability increase the number of Sweep Points or the Sweep Time All configured traces not set to Blank are displayed after the next sweep How to Copy Traces 1 A trace copy function is provided in a separate tab of the Traces dialog box To display this tab do one of the following e Select the TRACE key and then the Trace Copy softkey e Select Analysis from the Overview then select the Trace Copy tab 2 Select the Source trace to be copied 3 Select the Copy to trace button for the trace to which the settings are to be applied The settings from the source trace are applied to the destination trace The newly configured trace if not set to Blank is displayed after the next sweep 7 3 3 2 How to Display and Configure a Spectrogram Step by step instructions on how to display and configure a spectrogram are provided here For details on individual functions and settings see chapter 7 3 2 4 Spectrogram Settings on page 425 The remote commands required
199. xed reference marker can be defined for trace analysis Once posi User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 442 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions EEE Marker Usage tioned the reference marker does not move during subsequent sweeps unless you explicitely move it manually Measuring Characteristic Bandwidths n dB Down Marker When characterizing the shape of a signal the bandwidth at a specified offset from its peak level is often of interest The offset is specified as a relative decrease in amplitude of n dB In order to measure this bandwidth you could use several markers and delta markers and determine the bandwidth manually However using the n dB down marker function makes the task very simple and quick The n dB down marker function uses the current value of marker 1 as the reference point It activates two temporary markers T1 and T2 located on the signal whose level is n dB below the level of the reference point Marker T1 is placed to the left and marker T2 to the right of the reference marker The default setting for n is 3 dB but it can be changed If a positive offset is entered the markers T1 and T2 are placed below the active reference point If a negative value is entered for example for notch filter measurements the markers T1 and T2 are placed above the active reference point MultiView Spectrum Ref Level 0 00 dBm RBW 500 kHz Att 10dB SWT Sus VBW 500kHz Mode Auto FFT 1 Frequency Sweep CF 20 0 M
200. y Limit Lines Display Lines Name s Unit Compatible Visible Check Traces 3GBAA dam yes l gt _SPURIOUS_LINE_ABS_ dim yes ADEM_1 ADEM_3 LLSPUR MULTISTATUS_1 MULTISTATUS_2 MULTISTATUS 5 REMI REMS Combe rt View Filter am Show compatible on Show all Show Lines for All Modes For the limit line overview the R amp S FSW searches for all stored limit lines with the file extension LIN in the Limits subfolder of the main installation folder The overview allows you to determine which limit lines are available and can be used for the current measurement For details on settings for individual lines see Limit Line Details on page 482 For more basic information on limit lines see chapter 7 5 2 Basics on Limit Lines on page 475 PN hace sedate E N nsdn deste eats encanta ates E PTEE TT 480 ET scons ss aoc oe a ssn ase See prs sc cscs ttc cates E I A A T E nied E eaten E 481 So gae en en ne ence I T ane eee eens N E Rn en ne 481 I MM EOE E tee essan NT E E N E A E A E 481 iaces to DS OMEC eroian n rei Na aE NEN a Aa E Eataa 481 Pee crete cts ch avenicrecbaousaea dd acs ayaccsuceae oa desibacutsanochemaatiscnaddacavateeadanceseshadoedveasideeeennnthe 481 Included Lines in Overview View Filter ccccccssseccsseecceseceeseeseaeeeseseeseseeessseesaaees 481 Show lines for all resets cerns recess ates eandedcreanisannuiontnaceumiecceesbormexenadeianemeeent 481 AOSE er ae ee a ee eee
201. y selecting the Selection mode icon in the toolbar 2 Toresize a zoom area tap directly on the corresponding frame in the overview win dow and drag the line to change the size of the frame To move a zoom area tap inside the corresponding frame in the overview window and drag the frame to the new position The contents of the zoom windows are adapted accordingly 7 3 Trace Configuration A trace is a collection of measured data points The trace settings determine how the measured data is analyzed and displayed on the screen e Basics on Setting up TG ised tesattecie nates Sean as emananwooscennaaeuxenuieendaaciucembenmadagiad 405 Trace Configuration sissen iaai ie 417 HOw ioConigure rare cee cee ened erence etomidate oreneecenneonss 429 7 3 1 Basics on Setting up Traces Some background knowledge on traces is provided here for a better understanding of the required configuration settings Each trace represents an analysis of the measured data Up to 6 traces can be displayed in each window and up to 16 windows can be displayed on the screen So in theory you can analyze the data measured by the R amp S FSW in almost 100 different ways simul taneously Trace settings are stored on the instrument for each window So when you switch to a different window the trace settings previously configured for that window are restored User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 405 R amp S FSW Common Analysis and Display Functions e
202. z External reference from REF INPUT 10 MHz 1 20 MHZ connector Fixed external 10 MHZ reference fre quency Good phase noise performance External Reference 1 20 MHz 0 5ppm_ 0 1 Hz fixed Variable external reference frequency in 1 20 MHz in 1 Hz 0 1 Hz steps from REF INPUT steps 1 20 MHZ connector Good external phase noise suppression Small tuning range 6 ppm 1 30 Hz Variable external reference frequency in 0 1 Hz steps from REF INPUT 1 20 MHZ connector Wide tuning range External Reference 100 MHz 6 ppm 1 300 Hz External reference from REF INPUT 100 MHz 100 MHZ connector Good phase noise performance Sync Trigger 100 MHz 6 ppm 1 300 Hz External reference from SYNC TRIGGER INPUT connector Remote command SENSe ROSCillator SOURce on page 932 SOURce EXTernal ROSCillator EXTernal FREQuency on page 932 Behavior in case of missing external reference Reference Frequency Input If an external reference is selected but none is available there are different ways the instrument can react Show Error The message NO REF is displayed to indicate that no synchronization Flag is performed User Manual 1173 9411 02 13 516 R amp S FSW General Instrument Setup General Instrument Settings Switch to inter The instrument automatically switches back to the internal reference if nal reference no external reference is available Note that you must re activate the external reference if it becomes

R&S FSW User Manual - Rohde & Schwarz Norway

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R&amp;S FSW User Manual - Rohde &amp; Schwarz Norway

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R&S FSW User Manual - Rohde & Schwarz Norway