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User Manual - Government of Ontario

1. FNLC v1 3 Cloud Shadow Cloud Shadow Areas of cloud or shadow on the satellite image References Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources 2013 Far North Land Cover Data Specifications Version 1 3 Inventory Monitoring and Assessment Section Technical Report Unpubl 30p Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources 2013 Far North Land Cover Version 1 3 Inventory Monitoring and Assessment Section Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources 2009 Accuracy Assessment Report Far North Land Cover 2000 Version 1 0 Inventory Monitoring and Assessment Section Technical Report Unpubl Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources 2008 Accuracy Assessment Report 2 SOLRIS Version 1 2 April 2008 release Inventory Monitoring and Assessment Section Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources 2008 Southern Ontario Land Resource Information System SOLRIS Phase 2 Data Specifications Version 1 2 Inventory Monitoring and Assessment Section Technical Report Unpubl Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Provincial Land Cover Database 2000 Edition Inventory Monitoring and Assessment Section Retrieved July 1 2013 from the Land Information Ontario Warehouse http www ontario ca lio Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Southern Ontario Land Resource Information System 2000 2002 Version 1 2 Inventory Monitoring and Assessment Section Retrieved July 1 2013 from the Land Information Ontario Warehouse http www ontario ca lio
2. 500 0 840 0 Region A Q2 Q20 Q50 0100 Variable Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum DA 629 60100 0 629 118000 0 0 36 1 0 0 36 1 0 0 02 4 14 0 02 14 0 0 100 0 0 0 193 0 598 0 193 0 N A N A 500 0 Region B Q2 020 Q50 0100 Variable Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum DA 13 9 3810 0 13 9 4770 0 BFI 0 26 0 82 0 26 0 90 SLP 0 14 5 77 0 02 5 77 ACLS 0 0 97 0 0 0 100 0 SHP 1 41 42 14 1 38 42 14 Region C Q2 020 Q50 0100 Variable Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum DA 14 2 5910 0 14 2 5910 0 BFI 015 0 81 0 15 0 81 SLP 0 21 9 42 0 21 9 42 ACLS 0 0 122 0 0 0 122 0 MAR 137 0 527 0 Table 7 Range of Input Parameters for the Multiple Regression Equation 137 0 527 00 Low Flow Models The Graphical Index Method MOEE 1995 and the Regression Method MOEE 1995 implemented in OFAT III were developed by Cumming Cockburn Limited for the Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy The estimated outputs from the Low Flow models are given in Table 7 Graphical Index Method MOEE 1995 10100 30100 7Q100 150100 300100 Regression Method MOEE 1995 7Q50
3. Resume Ontario Flow Assessment Tools outils d valuation des d bits d eau en Ontario version III OFAT IlI est une application d information g ographique en ligne qui automatise une s rie de t ches techniques li es l hydrologie exigeantes en main d uvre OFAT Ill estime le d bit des eaux et produit plusieurs autres renseignements interm diaires comme les limites du bassin hydrologique et ses caract ristiques Ces renseignements d riv s peuvent tre utilis s par de nombreuses personnes et appliqu s plusieurs domaines li s l eau Utilisant une carte de base r cemment remani e l utilisateur OFAT III entre un point de drainage du bassin hydrologique sur un lieu hydrologique cartographi comme un ruisseau une rivi re ou un lac n importe o l int rieur des limites terrestres de l Ontario y compris le Grand Nord de l Ontario Le bassin hydrologique r sultant peut ensuite tre utilis comme masque dans OFAT Ill pour r sumer des caract ristiques cl s du bassin hydrologique Des mod les de d bit de crue de d bit faible et de d bit annuel moyen peuvent tre appliqu s la couche du bassin hydrologique et aux caract ristiques ainsi qu d autres donn es spatiales L utilisateur peut voir toutes les donn es de sortie spatiales et tabulaires en ligne et t l charger ces donn es de sortie sur son propre ordinateur pour examen ou analyse sp cialis s ult rieurs Un fureteur Internet standard suffit po
4. FNLC v1 3 Intertidal Marsh Supertidal Marsh Fresh Water Marsh Intertidal Marsh Primarily open communities containing living and senesced grasses sedges and emergents These marshes are directly adjacent to the Hudson and James Bay coasts between mudflats and the supertidal zone and are constantly influenced by brackish and freshwater They are flooded at high tide and slowly drain as the tide falls a process that leaves a mosaic of pools of standing water Estuarine intertidal marshes are found at the outflows of freshwater rivers and are also included in this class Last year s dead vegetation is sometimes present while fluctuating water levels and other natural disturbance e g overgrazing by abnormally high geese populations can also stress vegetation in this zone causing it to senesce early A combination of higher amounts of dead and senesced grasses and heterogeneous conditions provide a unique mosaic of image tones that allows for mapping Proximity to James and Hudson Bays also aids detection Supertidal Marsh Primarily open communities containing some shrubs and trees Tree and shrub cover lt 25 and dominated by emergent hydrophytic macrophytes Water table is seasonally or permanently at near or above substrate surface This class includes coastal marshes beyond the intertidal zone and as such subjected to salt water via exceptional tides and storm surges Lower amounts of visible sensed vegetation and water alo
5. f Mep Layers OFATIN Findi EE GE Create use and manage bookmarks Bookmarks SP PR are named and user defined map extents are o Q saved for the current session Ln Pan Initial RAA Next Choose existing bookmark ss map nafigaton Fixed Fixed Pan Zoom to Zoomto Zoomto Zoom Zoom Initial Extent Previous Next Extent In Out Extent Other map navigation tools located on the map Zoom Level Tool Scale Bar not interactive _ p 3 3 2 Map Layers Selecting the Map Layers Menu followed by clicking the Map Layers button will bring up a layer list with two main categories Map Data and Background Map and Imagery Within Map Data there are two categories Watersheds and OFAT III Viewable Data OFAT III Viewable Data contains application specific data that can be viewed These include the Extreme Flow Statistics layer used in the OFAT III Flow Statistics widget and the Primary Secondary and Tertiary Watersheds layers are included for general reference of Ontario s watersheds Any watersheds layer may take some time to draw Background Map and Imagery Data includes controls to adjust the visibility of the base map and any imagery that is currently available Some imagery layers have defined extents and will not cover the entire province The Ontario Land Cover Compilation can be turned on from this widget as well as from the Watershed Characterizati
6. frequency of overbank flow increases from 2 5 times per year to 2 8 times per year Other Areas Indirectly Connected to Sreamflow Average Annual Water Yield the amount of freshwater derived from unregulated flow m3 s 1 measurements for a given geographic area over a defined period of time Used to estimate stocks of water assets for the Water Accounts component of Statistics Canada s environmental accounting framework the Canadian System of Environmental and Resource Accounts yearly runoff surfaces were then averaged to produce the thirty year surface and scaled back to a volume based on the resolution 100 km2 of the surfaces producing the water yield estimate References Government of Ontario Ministry of the Environment Stormwater Management Planning and Design Manual 2003 http www archive org details stormwatermanage00torouoft Government of Ontario Ministry of Transportation MTO Drainage Management Manual 1997 http www mto gov on ca english engineering drainage hydrology ndex shtml Government of Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Technical Guidelines and Requirements for Approval under the Lakes amp Rivers Improvement Act http www ontla on ca library repository mon 9000 246477 pdf Government of Ontario Ministry of Environment Guide to Permit to Take Water Application 2007 http www ene gov on ca stdprodconsume groups lr ene resources documents resource std01 079452 pdf Go
7. This data is stored in OMNR Lambert Conformal Conic Projection WRIP is not the custodian of this data set 21 7 0 References This help document contains some content from the original Users Manual for Ontario Flow Assessment Techniques OFAT where applicable Chang C F Ashenhurst S Damaia and W Mann 2002 Ontario Flow Assessment Techniques OFAT Hydraulic Information Management Editors Brebbia C A and W R Blain WIT Press Ashurst Southampton U K pp 421 431 Kenny F M Matthews B 2005 A methodology for aligning raster flow direction data with photogrammetrically mapped hydrology Computers amp Geoscience 31 6 768 779 http mnronline mnr gov on ca odms search view asp attachment_id 1 amp document_id 11159 Kenny FM Matthews B and Todd K 2008 Routing Overland Flow through Sinks and Flats in Interpolated Raster Terrain Surfaces Computers amp Geoscience 34 2008 pp 1417 1430 DOI information 10 1016 j cageo 2008 02 019 http mnronline mnr gov on ca odms search view asp attachment_id 1 amp document_ id 11165 MOEE 1995 Regionalization of Low Flow Characteristics for various regions in Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy MOEE Ontario Canada Moin S and M Shaw 1985 Canada Ontario Flood Damage Reduction Program Regional Flood Frequency Analysis for Ontario Streams Volume 1 2 and 3 Environment Canada Ontario Canada WRIP Fact Sheet 2008 b Digi
8. 198 x 43 41 N E 70 Longitude D gt 6 79 38 W 5 50 Elevation Altitude 5 4 x 173m 30 20 E 10 DO 9 Return Periods 5 s P riodes de retour 6 Years ans 5 100 4 25 10 3 x 5 2 x 2 5 10 15 30 60 2 6 12 24 Minutes Duration Dur e Hours Heures ada Environment Environnement Canada Canada Can IDF Curve of Toronto Lester B Pearson International Ontario Source Environment Canada More Information If further help is required persistant problems occur with the application or the data that OFAT III uses or if anything is omitted from this Help document please email Spatial Data Infrastructure Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources sdi ontario ca sdi ontario ca Published October 2013 Ministry of Natural Resources Queen s Printer for Ontario
9. 2 metres and tree cover less than 10 These are typically found within or on the edges of small to large flowing water bodies and in supertidal portions of the Hudson Bay Lowlands Their mineral or organic soil is subject to seasonal flooding or characterized by a high water table In many cases a circulation of water rich in dissolved minerals allows for dense vegetation growth Their association to water and unique image tones due to high deciduous leaf densities enables mapping Coniferous Swamp Greater than 25 hydrophytic shrub and or coniferous tree species Their mineral or organic soil is subject to seasonal flooding or characterized by a high water table and a circulation of water rich in dissolved minerals Hydrologically these features exist in isolated depressions or adjacent to streams lakes fens or bogs Deciduous Swamp Greater than 25 hydrophytic shrub and deciduous tree species The tree cover mostly deciduous is greater than 10 Their mineral or peaty phase substrate is subject to seasonal flooding or characterized by a high water table and a circulation of water rich in dissolved minerals Hydrologically these features exist in depressions or level slope adjacent to lakes streams and rivers or open peatlands PLC2000 Fen open Fen treed Fen open Fens generally lacking tree cover that may support some shrub cover and tamarack Open fens include fens with an open water surface graminoid fens pattern fens
10. 2112 716 Shape Factor 8 551 Length of Main Channel km 134 411 Maximum Channel Elevation m 463 870 Minimum Channel Elevation m 161 570 Slope of Main Channel m km 2 250 Slope of Main Channel 0 225 Area Lakes Wetlands km Area Lakes km Area Wetlands km The area of a watershed measured in a horizontal plane Shape Factor dimensionless The square of the length of the main channel divided by the drainage area Mean Elevation m The average elevation value of the DEM within the delineated watershed Maximum Elevation m The maximum elevation value of the DEM within the delineated watershed Mean Slope Percent The average slope of the watershed calculated using the slope grid Length of Main Channel km Alternate name is Longest Flow Path The longest flow path upstream from the pour point of the watershed to a point on the drainage divide Maximum Channel Elevation The maximum channel elevation located at the head of the main channel Minimum Channel Elevation The minimum channel elevation located at the watershed pour point This can also be considered the watershed minimum elevation Slope of the Main Channel m km Percent The calculated slope along the longest flow path between the most upstream point of the path to the pour point Area of Lakes and Swamps km2 The area covered by lakes rivers and wetlands within the del
11. Isoline Method MNR 2003 Mean Annual Flow MNR 2003 Executing the Hydrology Models in OFAT III is straight forward Refer the accompanying figure when reading the text below Low Flow Graphical Index Method MOEE 1995 Low Flow Regression Method a After at least one watershed has been created click the Hydrology Models button within the OFAT III menu group to activate the hydrology models widget The Watershed Name TOC will be placed below the hydrology model list b Within the Watershed Name TOC highlight the desired watershed on which to run the hydrology model s c Click the Run Model button next to each of the hydrology models to compute the flows To run all models click the Run All Models button 18 MOEE 1995 Flood Flow Index Flood Method with EPA Moin amp Shaw 1985 Flood Flow Primary Multiple Regression Moin amp Shaw 1985 View hydrology models note Kelly Lake Watershed Whitewater Lake Watershed Whitson Lake Watershed To view the results of each of the executed hydrology models click the View Flows button to the right of each model name The values shown in the table are those associated with the highlighted watershed in the Watershed Name TOC For both Low Flow and both Flood Flow models the ranges of the input parameter values to each model are tested The results of the input parameter tests are stated at the bottom of the table shown when the View Flows button is cli
12. Table 8 Low Flow Models and the Parameters Estimated As all methods were undertaken by the same consultant the methodology for the single gauge station analysis and the generation of homogeneous regions remains the same A total of 344 stations with more than 10 years of record were used for the study Variables are extracted in two steps First the moving average low flows n day were determined and then from that extreme low values are extracted for each year of the available data base For the Index method for each n day 1 3 7 15 and 30 duration frequency curves were developed for each station For the regression method only 7 day duration is used The data is fitted to the Weibull Distribution and then frequency curves of these stations were developed The Province was divided into six hydrological homogeneous regions by grouping similar meteorological and physiographic characteristics These homogeneous regions are depicted in Figure 4 Index Method MOEE 1995 Six Low Flow Regions Region 2 C2 Ontario 200 100 0 200 400 600 800 P Kilometers Figure 4 Six Hydrological Homogeneous Regions MOEE 1995 Equations that relate the frequency with the drainage area the calibrated values range of drainage area are given in Table 8 Application of the Index method resulted in a Nash Sutcliff coefficient of 0 92 and 0 87 for 7Q and 7Q respectively General form of the equ
13. Urban recreation areas e g golf courses playing fields Built up Area Impervious Residential industrial commercial and civic areas FNLC v1 3 Community Infrastructure Community Infrastructure Clearings for human settlement and economic activity major transportation routes PLC2000 Agriculture Pasture Agriculture Pasture abandoned fields Open grassland with sparse abandoned fields Agriculture shrubs in rural land cropland Agriculture cropland Areas of row crops and fallow fields SOLRIS v1 2 Undifferentiated Undifferentiated Includes all agricultural features e g field and forage crops and rural properties as well as urban brown fields and openings within forests FNLC v1 3 Agriculture Agriculture Land cleared for agricultural use that may or may not be currently active PLC2000 Other unknown Other unknown Landcover conditions not accurately defined by any other landcover class This class includes the following undefined clearings in disturbed areas small unburned areas within recent burns and undefined transitional areas between classes such as some wetland boundaries SOLRIS v1 2 FNLC v1 3 Other Other Land cover features that were not classified for a variety of reasons Cloud Shadow shadow PLC2000 Other cloud Other cloud shadow Areas of cloud or shadow on the satellite images SOLRIS v1 2
14. and shrub rich fens Fen treed Fens supporting a sparse to dense cover of trees or shrubs SOLRIS v1 2 Fen Fen Open shrub and treed communities water table seasonally or permanently at near or above substrate surface tree cover trees gt 2m high lt 25 sedges grasses and low lt 2 m shrubs dominate sedge and brown moss peat substrate FNLC v1 3 Open Fen Treed Fen Open Fen Fens develop in areas of generally slow flowing water and often have saturated or flooded surfaces These features are fed by water from precipitation ground and or surface water with the latter two sources enriched by contact with surrounding mineral soils These conditions enable slightly more vegetative diversity and density than bogs Mosses generally not sphagnum graminoids and low ericaceous shrubs are all common Tall shrubs may also be present but at densities of less than 25 Conditions such as open water surfaces and saturation dense graminoids string patterns and textured ericaceous shrub rich communities all aid their remote detection Additionally low tree cover approximately zero to 10 also aids identification Treed Fen As described above fens receive ground and surface water These conditions allow for slightly higher vegetation density than bogs Tamarack is usually associated with fens due to its adaptation to the telluric conditions common in this wetland type At densities predominately over 10
15. and the unique image tones associated with living dead and or senesced vegetation Open Cliffand 19 PLC2000 Talus SOLRIS v1 2 Open Cliff Open Cliff and Talus Vertical or near vertical exposed bedrock gt 3 m in height slopes of and Talus rock rubble at the base of cliffs Subject to active processes lt 25 vegetative cover FNLC v1 3 Alvar 20 PLC2000 SOLRIS v1 2 Alvar Alvar Level unfractured limestone carbonate bedrock patchy mosaic of bare rock pavement and shallow substrates lt 15cm over bedrock tree cover lt 60 FNLC v1 3 Sand Barren 21 PLC2000 and Dune SOLRIS v1 2 Open Open Sand Barren and Dune Exposed sands formed by extant or historical shoreline or Sand Barren and Dune aeolian processes Subject to active processes lt 25 vegetative cover Treed Sand Barren and Dune Treed Sand Barren and Dune Exposed sands formed by extant or historical shoreline or aeolian processes Subject to active processes 25 lt vegetative cover lt 60 FNLC v1 3 Open Tallgrass 22 PLC2000 Prairie SOLRIS v1 2 Open Open Tallgrass Prairie Ground layer dominated by prairie gramminoids variable cover of Tallgrass Prairie open grown trees Tree cover lt 25 shrub cover lt 25 FNLC v1 3 Tallgrass 23 PLC2000 Savannah SOLRIS v1 2 Tallgrass Tallgrass Savannah Ground layer dominated by prairie gramminoids variable cover of open Savannah grown trees 25 lt tree cover lt 35 FNLC v1 3 Tallgrass
16. generated OFAT ID Units Units RangeLimit The result of the input parameters range test LF_ x Qly The Low Flow Quantity averaged over x days for a specific return period y Table IndexEPA dbf OFATID Auto generated OFAT ID Model The name of the model Units Units AreaLimit The result of the model input parameter watershed area range test Table MoinShawRegression dbf Model The name of the model OFATID Auto generated OFAT ID Units Units RngQ2Q20 The result of the model input parameters range test for the flow estimates between Q2 and Q20 RngQ500100 The result of the model input parameters range test for the flow estimates between Q50 and Q100 FF_O x The Flood Flow Quantity for specific return period x 5 1 2 Desktop Viewing of Exported Contents Outlined in the table below are a brief series of options for viewing the contents of the export package The options are listed by file type Open the kmz file from Windows explorer to Must have Google Earth installed on computer view in Google Earth Shapefiles can be viewed in many GIS Do not alter the associated dbf files same name as the shp file as it will packages ArcGIS explorer is free GIS viewer corrupt the GIS file that can load shapefiles DataBase File can be opened by database GIS or spreadsheet software ESRI GRID s are raster files that are opened The Land Cover is
17. is to generate a watershed within 90m of a watercourse in Ontario Watersheds can be included in a wide variety of planning and analysis Most often stream flow statistics are required in areas where stream flow gauges do not exist OFAT Ill generates modelled stream flow statistics for any mapped stream reach in Ontario Depending on the use of the output field verification may be appropriate Among other applications baseline flow information is needed to e design hydraulic structures such as culverts bridges dams etc protect or enhance fish habitat support an ecosystem approach to land and water management water use and wastewater permitting analysis support various academic studies Provincial specific application areas of OFAT Ill are listed in Appendix 2 The generated stream flow statistics from the models assume natural flow conditions within the watershed of interest Influences that regulate flow in any way such as dams or withdrawals can significantly alter the flow quantity Also the flow models require certain ranges of input parameters such as drainage area of the watershed If parameters fall outside of the range required for the model such as the drainage area for a very small watershed results may contain small to large errors Model outputs in OFAT III include a statement on the status of input parameter ranges for the particular model OFAT III obviously can not provide tools for all water related applications whi
18. magnitude estimates for any specified flood frequency that might be made from successive samples of specified size It incorporates the effects of uncertainty in application of the curve The Province of Ontario has adopted the policy where all frequency curves will be adjusted for the expected probability computations The average record length is employed to adjust the probabilities for each of the regions N represents the number of years of record Exceedance Probability Expected Probability 0 005 0 005 1 52 N1 16 0 01 0 01 1 26 N1 16 0 05 0 05 1 6 N1 04 0 1 0 1 1 3 N1 04 0 3 0 3 1 0 46 N0 925 N is the number of years of record Multiple Regression Method Moin amp Shaw 1985 The Multiple Regression Method was also included for the flood mapping studies along with the Index Method As in the Index Method the variable used for single station analysis is annual peak instantaneous flow Where this value is not available the analysis uses the hydrograph method described by Sangal 1981 Gauging stations in Ontario were classified according to the degree of regulation Regulated gauging stations are included in the 50 and 100 year return period with the premise that regulation has less impact on large events Frequency curves were developed for gauging stations with more than 10 years of historic data For 50 and 100 year return periods 270 gauging stations were used and for 2 5 10 and 20 year return periods 217 gauging statio
19. of 1 2 1 5 1 10 1 20 1 50 1 100 1 200 and 1 500 years ii The n day drought severity 1 3 7 15 and 30 days with recurrence intervals of 1 2 1 5 1 10 1 20 1 50 1 100 years iii The 3 day flood magnitude with a recurrence interval of 1 10 years A detailed report about the Flood Flow and Low Flow Single Station Frequency Analysis can be found here c Flow Duration Curve FDC Flow Duration Curve represents the relationship between magnitude and frequency of streamflow exceedance It disregards the sequence of occurrence It is drawn with the streamflow values arranged from highest to lowest y axis and percent exceedance x axis Exceedance Probability P is expressed as P 100 M n 1 Where P the probability that a given streamflow will be equaled or exceeded of time M the ranked position on the listing dimensionless n the number of events for period of record dimensionless The Flow Duration Curve analytical tool is one of the most versatile tools used in watershed studies with wide range of applications For example the FDC can be used to characterize the flow regime design hydropower facilities perform water budget studies compare watersheds etc Historic daily streamflow records from the Water Survey of Canada HYDAT database from January 1970 to December 2012 were used to generate the Flow Duration Curves Active gauges with more than 20 years of records both regulated and natural were selected The mi
20. site Ontario Low Water Response Level lt 80 of average Spring monthly flow lt 100 lowest average summer month flow Voluntary Conservation Other times monthly flow lt 70 of lowest average summer month flow Level Il lt 60 of average weeks with lt Spring monthly flow lt 70 of lowest average summer month flow 7 6mm Conservation and Restrictions on Non Other times monthly flow lt 50 of lowest average summer month Essential Use flow Level III lt 40 of average Spring monthly flow lt 50 of lowest average summer month flow Conservation Restriction Other times monthly flow lt 30 of lowest average summer month Regulation flow Table 4 Indicator thresholds for Low Water Conditions An indication of streamflow approaching the minimum needed to maintain the ecosystem is the statistical flow value 7Q20 Comparing the value of the current flow with the historic low value will determine when the streamflow is approaching the 7Q20 Streams in the headwaters or those having high width to depth ratio are expected to be more sensitive to low flows An indication of streamflow approaching the minimum needed to maintain the ecosystem in these streams is the statistical flow value 702 Water Budget Section 15 2 Clean Water Act 2006 Water Budget and Water Quantity Risk Assessment Guide 2011 Water Budget Components Analyse Streamflow QSW
21. species can be expected SOLRIS v1 2 Mixed Forest Mixed Forest Tree cover gt 60 Upland conifer tree species gt 25 and deciduous tree species gt 25 of canopy cover gt 2m in height FNLC v1 3 Mixed Treed Mixed Treed A mixture of deciduous and coniferous tree cover situated on varying soil depths that can have dry fresh and sometimes moist conditions Vegetation cover is typically closed and tall greater than 10 metres in height and 60 closure May also include open tall greater than 10 metres in height and between 25 and 60 closure and low less than 10 metres in height and greater than 25 closure communities Upland deciduous and coniferous tree species are present and make up less than 75 of canopy closure Species are primarily jack pine black spruce white spruce poplar and birch Coniferous Treed PLC2000 Forest dense coniferous Forest dense coniferous Largely continuous forest canopy composed primarily of coniferous species SOLRIS v1 2 Coniferous Forest Coniferous Forest Tree cover gt 60 Upland conifer tree species gt 75 canopy cover gt 2 min height FNLC v1 3 Coniferous Treed Coniferous Treed Predominately coniferous tree cover situated on varying soil depths that can have dry fresh and sometimes moist conditions Vegetation cover is typically closed and tall greater than 10 metres in height and 60 closure May also include open tall greater than 10 met
22. trees display a unique image tone that when combined with the other observable conditions noted for open fen allow for their detection on imagery Black spruce is also present in these features but not typically used as an image identifier as these trees are also evident in several other land cover classes PLC2000 Bog open Bog treed Bog open Bogs generally lacking tree cover Bog treed Bogs supporting a sparse to dense cover of trees SOLRIS v1 2 Bog Bog Open shrub and treed communities water table seasonally or permanently at near or above substrate surface tree cover trees gt 2m high lt 25 sphagnum peat substrate FNLC v1 3 Open Bog Treed Bog Open Bog Bogs have a thick accumulation of peat often forming dome plateau and hummock like landforms that are level or slightly higher than surrounding surfaces These thick layers of organic peat material are virtually unaffected by surface runoff or groundwater from surrounding mineral soils the primary water source is precipitation Open bogs have water tables seasonally or permanently at near or above substrate surface Substrates are sphagnum peat Hydrologic and substrate properties significantly limit vegetation growth and diversity In open bogs tree cover is sparse at less than 10 while tall shrubs can occur at densities less than 25 Dense and pure sphagnum and lichen ground cover are the primary contributors to image identification Various de
23. with the corresponding physio meteriological factors The above mentioned two methods are also recommended by WMO 1994 for frequency studies Amongst the two the Index method is the simplest method The steps involved in developing regional models are a Develop a Single Station Frequency Curve b Delineate Homogenous Regions c Develop Regional Frequency Curves that are evaluated against the methodology scientific principles used This is shown in Fig 1 Steps in Developing Regional Models Develop Single Station Frequency Curve Develop Regional Frequency Curves Figure 1 Steps in Developing Regional Models Governing Equations for Return Period Return Level Recurrence Interval or Return Period is defined as An annual maximum event has a return period or recurrence interval of T years if its magnitude is equalled or exceeded once on the average every T years The reciprocal of T is the exceedance probability 1 F of the event that is the probability that the event is equalled or exceeded in any one year Bedient 2002 38 The probability P that an event F will occur in any year T is expressed mathematically as Recurrences intervals return periods usually calculated are 1 5 2 2 33 5 10 25 50 100 200 and 500 years annual exceedance probabilities of 0 6667 0 50 0 4292 0 20 0 10 0 04 0 02 0 01 0 005 and 0 002 respectively General equation for estimating the return le
24. 24 PLC2000 Woodland SOLRIS v1 2 Tallgrass Tallgrass Woodland Ground layer dominated by prairie gramminoids variable cover of Woodland open grown trees 35 lt tree cover lt 60 FNLC v1 3 Sand Gravel 25 PLC2000 Sand Gravel Sand Gravel Mine Tailings Beach deposits aggregate quarries and sand dunes mines Mine Tailings Mine Tailings and mine tailings Fee SOLRIS v1 2 Extraction Pits quarries FNLC v1 3 Sand Sand Gravel Mine Tailings Extraction These areas are dominated by exposed soil having Gravel Mine Tailings less than 25 vegetation cover Beach deposits sand dunes aggregate quarries mines and Extraction mine tailings are all included Also included are sand islands in larger rivers unvegetated beach ridges drier coastal mudflats and very shallow or dry marl lakes Bedrock 26 PLC2000 Bedrock Bedrock Exposed bedrock lacking vegetation cover SOLRIS v1 2 FNLC v1 3 Bedrock Bedrock Exposed bedrock with less than 25 vegetation cover User Manual Ontario Flow Assessment Tool Ill sdi ontario ca Community 27 Infrastructure Agriculture and Undifferentiated Rural Land Use PLC2000 Settlement Infrastructure Settlement Infrastructure Clearings for human settlement and economic activity major transportation routes SOLRIS v1 2 Transportation Built up Area Pervious Built up Area Impervious Transportation Highways roads Built up Area Pervious
25. Factor dimensionless LNTH2 DA where LNTH length of main channel km and DA drainage area km2 Base Flow Index dimensionless Mean annual Runoff mm Mean Annual Precipitation mm Table 5 Variables used in the Moin amp Shaw 1985 Regression Equation The regression equation is Log QT a a Log DA a BF1 2 a SLP a ACLS a SLP a Log MAR a MAR a Log ACLS 1 a MAP a SF 6 Regression co efficients of the Multiple Regression Equations are below in the series of Tables 6 All Ontario Flow m3 sec Q2 Q5 Region A Flow m3 sec Q2 O5 Region B Flow m3 sec Q2 Q5 Flow m3 a0 sec Q2 1 7155 Q5 1 7967 1 6547 1 5499 1 1793 1 1375 Tables 6 Coefficients of the Secondary Multiple Regression Equations The range of input values for the parameters of the Multiple Regression Equation are presented below in Table 7 All Ontario Q2 020 Q50 0100 Variable Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum DA 13 9 60100 0 13 9 395 5 BFI 0 15 1 0 0 15 0 56 SLP 0 02 9 42 0 02 1 22 ACLS 0 00 122 00 0 0 10 50 MAR 137 0 626 0 137 0 363 50 MAP 500 0 1000 0
26. Functionality 9 2 4 Use and Limitations of OFAT 10 2 5 Data 11 2 6 Website 11 2 7 Future Enhancements 11 3 0 The OFAT III Interface 12 3 1 Map Navigation 12 3 2 Map Layers 12 3 3 OFAT Ill 13 3 4 Find Information 13 3 5 Mark Up and Printing 13 4 0 The OFAT III Toolset 14 4 1 Watershed Delineation 14 4 1 1 Notes about Watershed Genemtion 15 4 2 Watershed Characterization 15 4 2 2 Landcover Characterization 17 4 3 Flow Prediction Regional PPS Models 18 4 4 Streamflow Statistics 19 4 5 Find Watershed 21 5 0 Exporting Deleting Watershed Information 22 5 1 Export Contents 22 5 1 1 Field Explanations of D Tables 20 5 2 Deleting Information from the Session 25 6 0 Data Used in OFAT Ill Analysis 26 6 1 Data Used in Watershed Delination 26 6 2 Data Used in Watershed Characterization 26 6 2 5 Length of Main Channel 26 6 3 Data used in Watershed Land Cover TT 27 6 4 Data Used in Hydrology Models 27 7 0 References 4 ad 5 28 Appendix 1 Ontario Land Cover beat Version 1 0 29 Appendix 2 Regional Hydrological Models 38 Appendix 3 Provincial Application Areas of OFAT III 50 Appendix 4 Other References 56 Ministry of Natural Resources Mapping and Information Resources Branch Spatial Data Infrastructure 1 0 OFAT III Quick Start The general sequence of a complete OFAT III run is to 1 Create a watershed 2 Characterize the watershed 3 Execute hydrology models for
27. III Google Earth kmz file Google Earth File PourPoint shp GIS Geometry User defined watershed pour point GIS file PourPoint dbf Table Table associated with the outputPourPoint shp Watershed shp GIS Geometry Watershed GIS file Watershed dbf Table Table associated with the outputWatershed shp CharacterizationTable dbf Table Watershed characterization results landcovr GIS Raster GIS Raster File OntarioLandcover lyr Layer File GIS Layer File to be used as a legend file in ArcGIS LandCoverTable dbf Table Summary by area of the land cover within the watershed MAF dbf Table Mean Annual Flow Values IndexEPA dbf Table Moin amp Shaw Flood Flow Index with EPA results MoinShawRegression dbf Table Moins amp Shaw Flood Flow Primary Multiple Regression results MOEGI dbf Table MOE Low Flow Graphical Index results MOERegression dbf Table MOE Low Flow Regression results 5 1 1 Field Explanations of Exported Tables Field Names and their description of contents are outlined in Table 5 As highlighted each table will contain an attribute called OFATID with the exception of the Land Cover table OFATID is an auto generated number when the user defines a pour point The ID is carried through to the watershed the characterizations and the hydrology model outputs The OFATID is present to assist the user in re organ
28. Larg Pron h Pegem and uno deta publehad in wiae Quantity Roman a ants Ordai VAS the map lustres anh Do natiey on tas taing a pracie indicate ot rauwe beatitne of an r an en PTS Adaptive Management Natural Channel System Adaptive Management of Stream Corridors in Ontario The full regime flows should be included Low flow 7Q2 7Q10 7Q20 biological requirements Banktull flow 1 1 5 to 1 5 year event geomorphology requirements Riparian flow 1 10 to 1 25 year event biology geomorphology Valley flow flood plain 1 100 to Regional event Design Flood for River and Stream Crossing based on Risk MTO Drainage Management Manual 1997 Risk is usually expressed as a probability P that a flood will be exceeded in any one year period and can be expressed as P 1 1 1 Tr n where Tr return period of the storm in years n life of the structure in years Table 3 Risk Factors over life of structure Peak Flow Rate Criteria Storm water management planning and design manual 2003 Generally accepted criteria are that maximum peak flow rates must not exceed pre development values for storms with return periods ranging from 2 to 100 years Peak flow rates must be determined on a site by site basis Existing rates can be determined utilizing computer simulation modelling or by transposing a frequency analysis of measured peak flow rates on a unit area basis to a
29. Spectranalysis Inc 2004 Introduction to the Ontario Land Cover Database Second Edition 2000 Outline of Production Methodology and Description of 27 Land Cover Classes Appendix 2 Regional Hydrological Models Introduction Frequency analysis is conducted for gathering inference about stream flow To measure stream flow hydrometric gauging stations are installed These stations are installed along the stream reach But not all the locations of a stream reach are gauged Estimates will be biased if flows are pro rated with the nearby gauge stations beyond 25 drainage area Hence in order to estimate the high low flow n year return level values at any location of a stream reach regional hydrologic models have been developed The regional hydrologic models usually use stochastic modelling techniques The commonly used stochastic modelling techniques are regression transfer functions neural networks and system identification Mathematical and statistical theories and concepts are used to estimate the parameters Among the above methodologies the regression models namely the Index Method and the Multiple Regression Method are widely used in hydrology These models resolve the problem by trading space for time Hosking and Wallis 1997 The underlying principle is to transpose the historic stream flow records of the region to the location of interest This is achieved by building models that combine stream flow at known locations
30. T III contains a series of regional hydrologic models and empirical relationships that generate water flow information Flow regimes can be determined for a watershed after the watershed has been generated and the required characterizations computed OFAT III currently contains three flow model categories Each category contains one or more models See Appendix 1 for a description of each of the models currently in OFAT III For further details about each individual model please refer to the original literature listed in the references section a Low Flow Prediction Models LOF This type of model generates low flow predictions such as mOn representing m day low flow in an n year return period For example 7020 represents the 7 consecutive day average low flow in a 20 year return period The low flow prediction models provided in OFAT Ill are i Graphical Index Method MOEE 1995 ii Regression Method MOEE 1995 b Flood Prediction Models HIF This type of model generates flood flows such as Q representing the flood flow in an n year return period For example O represents the flood flow in a ten year return period The flood flow prediction models provided in OFAT Ill are i Index Flood Method With Expected Probability Adjustment Moin amp Shaw 1985 ii Primary Multiple Regression Method Moin amp Shaw 1985 c Mean Annual Flow Prediction Model MAF This type of model generates the mean annual flow for the watershed i
31. The analysis will include estimates of streamflow statistical parameters i e QP90 OP50 Qavg where continuous records exist analysis of spot flow measurements or pro rating of data from nearby gauges The analysis may also include baseflow separation at gauged surface water stations Surface Water Supply Estimation Methods The 30Q2 flow provided by OFAT is an estimate of average annual baseflow Pryce 2004 This flow could be considered as the water supply for each month as the tools in OFAT cannot provide monthly low flow estimates OFAT cannot account for flow augmentation and regulation controls Therefore the team must understand its limitations in estimating baseflow Tier One Surface Water Monthly Water Reserve Estimation Methods When a continuous stream gauge is available the surface water reserve may be calculated for each month as the monthly lower decile flow QP90 or the flow that is exceeded 90 of the time for each month Surface Water Stress Assessment Water Reserve Surface water reserve is calculated as the monthly lower decile flow Q90 at the outlet of the subwatershed for Tier Two The water reserve estimate may be the same in Tier One where a reliable surface water gauge is located at the outlet of the subwatershed Significant Risk Circumstances Groundwater Under scenario G existing plus committed plus planned demand the municipal takings result i
32. Tree cover gt 60 Upland tree species gt 75 canopy cover gt 2 m in height Perimeters visually extracted from high resolution ortho or satellite imagery Attribute for forest type could not be derived spectrally from Landsat automated analysis due to size of feature FNLC v1 3 Deciduous Treed PLC2000 Forest dense deciduous Forest dense deciduous Largely continuous forest canopy composed primarily of deciduous species SOLRIS v1 2 Deciduous Forest Deciduous Forest Tree cover gt 60 Upland deciduous tree species gt 75 of canopy cover gt 2 m in height FNLC v1 3 Deciduous Treed Deciduous Treed Predominately deciduous tree cover situated on varying soil depths having dry fresh and sometimes moist conditions Vegetation cover is typically closed and tall greater than 10 metres in height and 60 closure May also include open tall greater than 10 metres in height and between 25 and 60 closure and low less than 10 metres in height and greater than 25 closure communities Upland deciduous tree species make up greater than 75 of canopy closure Species are primarily poplar and birch Mixed Treed PLC2000 Forest dense mixed Forest dense mixed Largely continuous forest canopy composed of both deciduous and coniferous species In more northerly areas a greater component of coniferous species can be expected in more southerly areas a greater component of deciduous
33. User Manual Ontario Flow Assessment Tool Ill O j C ti Map Navigation Map Layers Watershed Find Information Markup and Printing OFAT III Find Watershed Ontario Flow Assessment Tools version IT OFAT III is an online spatially based application to automate a series of labour intensive technical hydrology tasks OFAT Ill calculates flow quantity estimation values and several intermediate outputs such as watershed delineation and characterization These derivatives can be used by a variety of users and applied to many water related applications Create from Map Point Using a newly redesigned base map the tude NZoom in to activate creation from map point OFAT Ill user enters a watershed drainage point on a mapped hydrology feature such as a stream river or lake anywhere within the land boundary of Ontario including Ontario s far north The resulting watershed can then be used as a mask within OFAT Ill to summarize key watershed characteristics The watershed Ba ckg roun d layer and the characteristics along with other This document contains detailed help from using OFAT III to spatial data can be fed into Flood Flow Low the specifics around input data and models OFAT III uses to Flow and Mean Annual Flow models produce the generated outputs The user can view all spatial and tabular If further help is required persistant problems occur with IH Sib l
34. al runoff mm for the watershed is calculated by averaging all the cell values within the watershed boundary which can be converted into mean annual flow cms Appendix 3 Provincial Application Areas of OFAT III Permit To Take Water 2007 Sections 34 Ontario Water Resources Act R S O 1990 and Water Taking Regulation O Reg 387 04 Permit to Take Water Guideline recommendation for Surface Water Taking of Category 2 is River and Streams 3rd order or higher order takings less than 5 of 7020 Approval of Sewage Works 2010 Sections 53 Ontario Water Resources Act R S O 1990 a Industrial Sewage Works Under the Environmental Impact Analysis of Surface Water Impact states the limiting conditions as Limiting conditions within the receiving water body including Low flow conditions in the receiving water body e g the 7020 for a stream i e the 7 day average low flow occurring once in 20 years b Municipal and Private Sewage Works Under the Environmental Impact Analysis of Surface Water Impact states the limiting conditions as Limiting conditions within the receiving water body including Low flow conditions in the receiving water body e g the 7020 for a stream i e the 7 day average low flow occurring once in 20 years Approval under the Lakes amp Rivers Improvement Act 2010 Sections 14 and 16 Lakes and Rivers Improvement Act LRIA 1927 and Ontario Regulation 454 96 The range of minimum inflow design floods
35. an be viewed for HYDAT gauges in the southwestern Hudson Bay and Ontario s portion of the Nelson River basin a Activate the Flow Statistics widget from the OFAT IIl menu When the widget activates the available gauges are drawn on the map and station IDs arepopulated within the combo box on the widget interface b Selecting a gauge to view statistics can be accomplished by one of two ways i Select the gauge in the combo box Typing the gauge ID in the combo box will narrow the selection ii Select the gauge by activating the gauge statistics info button and then selecting on the map c When a station has been selected the MAF Low Flow and the Flood Flow Statistics and FDC will be populated in the accordian tables on the left Click the desired header to see the contents 2 0 Overview of OFAT III 2 1 Introduction Ontario Flow Assessment Tools version III OFAT III is an online spatially based application to automate a series of labour intensive technical hydrology tasks and view select hydrology information such as low flow and flood flow statistics OFAT Ill calculates flow quantity estimation values and several intermediate outputs such as watershed delineation and characterization These derivatives can be used by a variety of users and applied to many water related applications Using a newly redesigned base map the OFAT Ill user enters a watershed drainage point on a mapped hydrology feature such a
36. ar lichen and or moss greater than 10 Sparse tall and low trees along with tall and low shrub may also be present at canopy closures of less than 25 Dead trees can exist at greater than 25 cover and can be either up rooted and horizontal on the ground or standing Sites are most often drier upland sites with varying soil depths This class is mapped by taking advantage of the spatial context provided by disturbance mapping and the unique image tones associated with largely dead and or senesced vegetation Ministry of Natural Resources Mapping and Information Resources Branch Spatial Data Infrastructure FNLC v1 3 Disturbance Non and Sparse Woody Disturbance Disturbance Treed and or Shrub The result of natural and or anthropogenic disturbance occurring some time over the last 20 years Vegetation cover is predominately low treed less than 10 metres in height and greater than 60 cover and tall shrub greater than two metres Treed and or Shrub in height and 60 closure Patches of closed tall tree cover greater than 10 metres height Cont d and 60 cover may also be present Dead or dying trees can exist at less than 20 cover and can be either up rooted and horizontal on the ground or standing Sites are most often drier upland sites with varying soil depths This class is mapped by taking advantage of the spatial context provided by disturbance mapping
37. are given in Table 1 Very High Greater then 100 PMF Probable Maximum 1 3 between the 1000 Year Flood and Flood PMF to PMF 11 100 2 3 between the 1000 year Flood and PMF High 1 10 1 3 between the 1000 year 1000 Year Flood or RF whichever is 1000 Year Flood or RF Flood and PMF greater to 1 3 between the 1000 year whichever is greater flood and PMF Moderate 100 Year Flood to 1000 year flood or RF whichever is greater Low 25 Year Flood to 100 Year Flood Table 1 Range of Minumum Inflow Design Floods Flow recommendations as given in the technical guidelines are a The design flow for fish passage should not exceed a frequency of a 1 10 year 3 day delay This is the flow that is exceeded on average every ten years for three consecutive days b The PMF probable maximum flood is not normally used for channel design The channel capacity may be designed for less than the 25 year flood e g 10 5 or 2 year flood but the combined capacity of the channel and flood plain must meet the design flood criteria for small dams in the table c Bankfull discharge of a river natural flow channel usually corresponds to the 1 2 33 year to the 1 5 year return period depending upon the stream type and basin conditions The recommendations for the road crossing are given in Table 2 50 Minimum Design Floods for Road Crossings Freeways and Urban Arterial Roads 50 year 100 year or Regulatory Fl
38. ata layers each with a metadata record in the LIO Metadata Management Tool 1 Ontario Hydro Network Waterbody Metsdsts URD 2 Wetland Unit Metadata URL Each dataset was converted from vector polygons to a 30 metre raster The two raster datasets were then merged into a single integer raster dataset where a value of 1 represents lakes and major rivers and a value of 2 represents wetlands In areas where the two original datasets overlapped the lakes and major rivers took precedence 6 3 Data used in Watershed Land Cover Summary The Ontario Land Cover Compilation serves as a consistent land cover map for the entire province to meet regional to landscape level analysis 1 50 000 1 100 000 This product is comprised of three separate land cover databases each with separate class structures and which have been rationalized into a single classification The Ontario Land Cover Compilation consists of 30 land cover classes derived by combining the Provincial Land Cover Database 2000 Edition Far North Land Cover Version 1 3 and the Southern Ontario Land Resource Information System Version 1 2 Each of these separate land cover databases was resampled to a common pixel spacing 15 metres re projected to a common projection NAD83 Lambert Conformal Conic and reclassified into a common class structure See Appendix 1 for detailed explanations of the land classes 6 4 Data Used in Hydrology Models Hydrology models in OFAT III pul
39. ation Q CA where Q 2 year return period 3PLN flood Drainage Area C Constant n exponent 702 8 681 0 00208 DA 7Q2 2 494 0 00325 DA 7Q2 1 341 0 00353 DA Central 7Q2 0 383 0 00161 DA Southeastern 7Q2 1 60 0 00251 DA Combined Central and Southeastern 7Q2 0 118 0 00205 DA Table 8 Regression Equations of the Index Flood 702 Regression Method MOE 1995 Watershed characteristics Drainage Area Length of Main Channel Mean Annual Runoff Base Flow Index and Mean Annual Snowfall were used to make the regression equations This method also develops two equations for the regions 1 2 and 3 for drainage areas greater or less than 17 000 km2 This approach overcomes the limitation of the drainage area range The equations for each region their coefficients and the calibrated watershed values are given in Table 9 through Table 17 Sensitivity analysis of the watershed parameters show that the drainage area to be the most sensitive Nash Sutcliff coefficient of 0 68 and 0 86 were obtained for 7 day 2 and 20 year recurrence intervals Northeastern and Northwestern Regions Variables used in the regression equations are given in Table 9 Drainage Area km2 Length of Main Channel km Mean Annual Runoff mm Table 9 Variables used in the MOEE 1995 Regression Equation for NW and NE Regions The general form of multiple regression equation fo
40. aw 1985 Secondary Multiple Regression Method Moin amp Shaw 1985 Table 1 Parameters Estimated in Flood Flow Models Index Flood Method Moin amp Shaw 1985 For the study the province was divided into 12 regions based on the study conducted by Sangal and Kallio 1977 and a homogeneity test was conducted The regions are shown in Figure 2 The variable used for single station analysis is annual peak instantaneous flow Where this value is not available the analysis uses the hydrograph method described by Sangal 1981 A total of 247 hydrometric stations with a record length of 10 or more years were used for the study These stations have either natural or minimal regulation in flow The data was fitted to the Three Parameter Log Normal Distribution Split sample testing Jack Knife method was done to validate the model Eleven hydrometric stations from the total were kept aside These stations were not used in developing the regional curve or in establishing drainage area versus mean annual flood relationships The testing stations were Ministry of Natural Resources Mapping and Information Resources Branch Spatial Data Infrastructure treated treated as ungauged and the results of the single station analysis of these stations were compared with the regional model The percentage error was tabulated and it is seen that Index Flood method gave predicted values which were quite reasonable except for two stations when compared to th
41. ble DV Multiple linear regression models are useful for 1 predicting unobserved values of the response y x for new x 2 understanding which terms ai x have greatest effect on the response coefficients aj with greatest magnitude 3 finding the direction of the effects signs of the ai 4 to what extent do x1 x2 and x3 IVs predict y DV Here the first use is being implemented The governing equation is of the form Ysa a X Ms 4 where y dependent variable T year flood flow actual or transformed a regression constant a regression coefficient s x independent variable s basin parameter actual or transformed p no of independent variables used The assumption of the analysis is that the residuals are normally distributed and have a straight line relationship with predicted DV scores and the variance of the residual about the predicted scores is the same for all predicted scores Flood Flow Model In 1978 the Government of Canada and the Province of Ontario entered into An Agreement Respecting Flood Risk Mapping and Other Flood Damage Reduction Measures The Index Method with Expected Probability Adjustment Moin amp Shaw 1985 and the Secondary Multiple Regression Method Moin amp Shaw 1985 commissioned by the Steering Committee are implemented here The flow values estimated are given in Table 1 Index Flood Method With Expected Probability Adjustment Moin amp Sh
42. ch is why all data generated in OFAT Ill can be downloaded to the users desktop The spatial watershed boundary and its associated physical characteristics that are implemented in OFAT Ill provide nearly instant accurate results that otherwise could be a significant undertaking 2 5 Data As OFAT was first being developed in 2000 base data projects were underway to create the provincial hydrology elevation and derivative GIS datasets necessary to support spatial hydrology analysis In the absence of yet established provincial datasets WRIP developed a full suite of required data layers as one off products strictly to support OFAT and OFAT users While this was a practical response to this data gap it was not optimal in terms of data quality data updates and longer term integratability with other data Since the initial OFAT development these required datasets have been produced in Universal Transverse Mercator UTM projections in a more rigorously standardized and quality controlled environment Kenny and Matthews 2005 Kenny et al 2008 WRIP 2008a 2008b 2008c Zhao et al in press These data products are substantially refined and are now openly available to Ontario s water management community As refined and useful as these hydrology and elevation data holdings are there were still several limitations to using these data uniformly across the province in a modelling environment that might encompass watersheds that spa
43. cked To see the full statement regarding the parameter test results hover the cursor over the lower row s of the results column Table 3 summarizes the parameter range statements for each of the applicable models Table 3 Parameter Range Statements for OFAT III Regional Hydrology Models Low Flow Graphical Index Area Limit Drainage Area Parameter in not in range for model Low Flow Regression Method Range Limit Parameters DA LNTH BFI MAR are in outside of the range used to create this model Flood Flow Index with Expected Probability Area Limit Drainage Area Parameter in not in range for model Adjustment EPA Flood Flow Primary Multiple Regression RngQ2020 Parameters DA SLP ACLS BFI MAR are in outside of the range used to create this model RngQ500100 Parameters DA SLP ACLS BFI MAR are in outside of the range used to create this model DA Drainage Area LNTH Length of Main Channel SLP Slope of Main Channel BFI Base Flow Index MAR Mean Annual Runoff ACLS Area of Lakes and Swamps 4 3 1 Notes about Flow Prediction Models All model output units are cms cubic metres per second Most models included in OFAT Ill are regional hydrologic models To estimate flows for a watershed OFAT III uses a model specific region data set e g low flow regions or flood regions to determine automatically which region or sub region the watershed is located Then appropriate sets of equations relationships are us
44. class structure The reclassification scheme is described in section 2 3 of this data specification document Source Land Cover Databases The Provincial Land Cover Database 2000 Edition This database consists of 27 broad land cover types and was produced in 2004 from an PLC2000 unsupervised classification of approximately 55 Landsat 7 ETM satellite images acquired between 1999 and 2002 The PLC2000 was produced as 4 overlapping rasters one for each UTM zone within the province with a pixel resolution of 25 metres Southern Ontario Land Resource Information The SOLRIS database consists of 25 land cover classes which follow the Ministry of Natural System SOLRIS Version 1 2 SOLRISv1 2 Resources Ecological Land Classification ELC for southern Ontario This database was produced in 2008 from an object oriented classification of 11 Landsat 7 ETM satellite images acquired between 1999 and 2002 SOLRIS was produced as 2 overlapping rasters one for each UTM zone in southern Ontario with a pixel resolution of 15 metres Far North Land Cover Version 1 3 FNLCv1 3 The Far North Land Cover consists of 27 land cover types and was produced in 2013 from an object oriented classification of Landsat 5 TM satellite images acquired between 2005 and 2011 The FNLC was produced as 3 overlapping rasters one for each UTM zone in northern Ontario with a pixel resolution of 30 metres Data Dictionary The following table is prov
45. combo box at the top of the widget and select a gauge according to its HYDAT D It is possible to type in the combo box to narrow the selection b Click on the gauge statistics info button on the top right of the widget and then select a gauge on the map green symbols As you zoom in on the map the gauge name will appear The selected gauge will highlight in red on the map and the flow statistics will be populated in the first 7 accordian tables on the bottom half of the widget Click on a table header to see the flow values within that table Above the tables and below the combo box info button the gauge name regulation type and status are also displayed Clicking on the Flow Duration Curve accordian header will yield a period of record length summary for the FDC at the gauge When this accordian is opened a FDC curve is generated from the data on the fly To view the curve click the View FDC button Flow Statistics CCE ue CEDAR RIVER BELOW WABASKANG LAKE Natural Active View flow statistics note 224 35 4 44 7 Low Flow 1Q Low Flow 15Q Low Flow 30Q Hovering the cursor over the curve will show the values at that point A table that contains annual and monthly flow values for each percent exceedance for the currently selected station can be downloaded in Database File dbf format to the users desktop This occurs outside of the Watershed Information Exporting that is explained in Section 5 0 To obtain
46. data used for watershed delineation in OFAT III is based from data in the Water Resources Information Programs WRIP Ontario Integrated Hydrology Data Packages The Ontario Integrated Hydrology Data packages are currenly stored and distributed through Land Information Ontario LIO www lio gov on cal Within LIO metadata for Ontario Integrated Hydrology Data can be accessed through the LIO Metadata Management Tool https www appliometadata lrc gov on ca geonetwork srv en main homel Specific data sets used in the function are the Stream Geometric Network and the Enhanced Flow Direction grid 6 2 Data Used in Watershed Characterization 6 2 1 Watershed Shape Factor The Watershed Shape Factor is the square of the the Length of the Main Channel divided by the drainage area 6 2 2 Watershed Mean Elevation The Watershed Mean Elevation is calculated by averaging the values from the Digital Elevation Model contained in the Integrated Hydrology Package within the watershed 6 2 3 Watershed Maximum Elevation The Watershed Maximum Elevation is the maximum value from the Digital Elevation Model contained in the Integrated Hydrology Package within the watershed 6 2 4 Watershed Mean Slope The Watershed Mean Slope is calculated by averaging the values from a slope percent grid within the watershed The slope percent grid was pre computed using the Slope function in ESRI s Spatial Analyst on the Digital Elevation Model contained within t
47. e Watershed Name TOC Achapi Lake Watershed Misehkow River Watershed g The Watershed Name TOC provides some simple tools for viewing the watershed By activating a watershed clicking anywhere on the watershed row which turns blue when activated the map view will zoom to that watershed The watershed can also be turned on and off in the map by clicking the On Off checkbox This is especially effective when there are multiple overlapping watersheds in the map view The Delete and Export Tools in the Watershed Name TOC are discussed in section 4 4 4 1 1 Notes about Watershed Generation Each watershed generated in OFAT Ill is its own entity independent of any other watershed generated in OFAT Ill Therefore watersheds that overlap e g subwatersheds can be generated When placing a pour point near a stream confluence following certain practices can yield more desireable results In generating the watershed OFAT III uses a 30 metre resolution raster Enhanced Flow Direction Grid Due to the 30 metre raster resolution stream confluences within the grid are in the area of the mapped stream confluence that is shown within the map To include the stream junction in the watershed delineation place the pour point at least 30 metres downstream of the confluence To delineate a watershed upstream of a confluence place the pour point at least 30 metres upstream of the confluence OFAT III allows users to generate watersheds from within wate
48. e tone Shoreline PLC2000 SOLRIS v1 2 Shoreline Open Shoreline Shoreline Open Shoreline Substrate consists of unconsolidated parent or mineral material Subject to active processes lt 25 vegetative cover FNLC v1 3 Mudflats PLC2000 Mudflats Mudflats Unvegetated coastal areas of the Hudson Bay James Bay Lowlands partly submerged at high tide SOLRIS v1 2 FNLC v1 3 Intertidal Mudflat Intertidal Mudflat Completely unvegetated coastal areas of Hudson and James Bays These features are covered by varying depths of water depending on distance from the coast as well as the point in the tidal cycle when the imagery was acquired These features have a unique and identifiable image tone due to the combination of wet and exposed soil Proximity to James and Hudson Bays also aids detection PLC2000 Marsh intertidal Marsh supertidal Marsh intertidal Coastal marshes of the Hudson Bay James Bay Lowlands lying between the coastal mudflats and the supertidal zone Marsh supertidal Coastal marshes of the Hudson Bay James Bay Lowlands lying inland of both the coastal mudflats and intertidal marshes and subject to only exceptionally high tides SOLRIS v1 2 Marsh Marsh Open shrub and treed communities water table seasonally or permanently at near or above substrate surface tree and shrub cover lt 25 dominated by emergent hydrophytic macrophytes
49. e tool can be implemented readily and improved data can be interchanged easily without the need of any action from the user group Large data volumes sent out on storage media that the user must manage will not be required Downloading of generated data conforming to a well documented data model is available to the user along with metadata of the input data used to generate the results The data model and metadata links are available in this document URL TBD At time of press URL was not available 2 7 Future Enhancements OFAT III is not a static application Enhancements are already in progress The Mapping and Information Resources Branch Spatial Data Infrastructure Unit of the OMNR is willing to entertain any partnerships or suggestions that are compatible with the vision of OFAT 11 3 0 The OFAT III Interface Only an internet browser is required to run OFAT III Upon starting OFAT III the user is presented with a full view of Ontario along with the surrounding provinces and states The functions of OFAT Ill are only available for Ontario Five Menu Tabs placed horizontally across the screen below the OFAT Ill banner each have a set of tools associated with them These menu tabs Bookmarks Map Layers OFAT Ill Find Information Markup and Printing and their group of tools are briefly explained below 3 1 Map Navigation Map Navigation is only found under the Bookmarks Menu Other sub menu s do not include the map navigation tools
50. ed to calculate the desired flow information Each flow model in OFAT III has its own limitations This means that the models included in OFAT III should only be used for a watershed within the ranges of the parameters e g drainage area that were originally used for developing the models Use of the equations relationships is not encouraged outside of their parameter ranges It is strongly suggested that the original model document be referred to or consult with a water professional before using generated flow values for any decision making purpose Values of 9999 will be inserted for some flow values if the model does not accomodate the specific input parameters for the particular area of the province These values do not represent an error 4 4 Streamflow Statistics OFAT III contains estimates of stream flow statistics for select Water Survey of Canada HYDAT gauges in the Southwestern Hudson Bay and the Nelson River watershed systems that lie within the Province of Ontario The resultant streamflow statistics include a Mean Annual Flow MAF Mean Annual Streamflow m s is the average streamflow for years where daily streamflow values exist for the complete year The calculation is performed on a calendar year basis with historic data from January 1970 inclusive to December 2012 The value is the average for the number of years of record available b Flood Flow and Low Flow i The flood magnitude with recurrence intervals
51. extracted in OFAT III without the generation of pyramids If by GIS software capable of viewing rasters fast viewing in ArcMap is required generate the pyramids for the Land Cover Grid in ArcCatalog A Layer file used to color code the Land Cover Load the layer file into ArcMap and set the data source as the land cover GRID Raster This is an ESRI that can be loaded into ArcGIS 5 2 Deleting Information from the Session All watersheds watershed characterizations and hydrology model outputs can be deleted from the OFAT Ill session by clicking the delete button next to the watershed listed in the Watershed Name TOC When this button is clicked the watershed is deleted along with the characterizations and hydrology model outputs if created for the particular watershed After a watershed and its associated characterizations and hydology models are deleted they are not recoverable but can be reproduced 6 0 Data Used in OFAT III Analysis This section outlines the details of the data used in OFAT Ill analysis operations of watershed delineation characterizations and hydrology models as well as the flow statistics data The OFAT III basemap is made up of a variety of data from the Ontario Land Information warehouse and is not discussed in this document Where possible metadata links and document references are provided rather than duplicating published material in this guide 6 1 Data Used in Watershed Delination The
52. g section The mean annual flood is used to make the dimensionless frequency curve Mean annual flood index flood is defined as the flood having a recurrence interval of 2 33 years The premise for using the mean annual flood as the index flood is as follows The magnitude of the mean annual flood is affected by both physiographic and meteorological factors of the drainage basin A method to account for the composite effect of these factors is determined by dividing the study region into homogeneous hydrologic regions and correlating it to the most significant factor the drainage area The Index Method assumes that the flow is natural or with minimum regulation and the region is homogeneous There is no limit to the drainage area of the homogeneous region The recurrence intervals are computed with a minimum of 10 years of record The Index method is popular as it is simple and most importantly it requires only the drainage area of the watershed making it suitable for watersheds where physio meteriological data are sparse The Index method was first introduced for flood flows and then later applied for low flows The scientific principles remain the same for both flood and low flows 39 The Multiple Regression Method Multiple linear regression the term was first used by Person 1908 is a multivariate statistical technique for examining the linear correlations between two or more independent variables IVs and a single dependent varia
53. he Integrated Hydrology Package 6 2 5 Length of Main Channel The length of the main channel from a user defined pour point is obtained by a query to an Upstream Flow Length grid at the pour point The Upstream Flow Length grid was created from ESRI s Spatial Analyst Flow Length function using the Enhanced Flow Direction Grid from the Ontario Integraged Hydrology Package as input to the function 6 2 6 Maximum Channel Elevation The Maximum Channel Elevation is the elevation value from the Digital Elevation Model contained in the Integrated Hydrology Package at the most upstream point along the main flow path 6 2 7 Minimum Channel Elevation The Minimum Channel Elevation is the elevation value from the Digital Elevation Model contained in the Integrated Hydrology Package at the pour point 6 2 8 Slope of the Main Channel The slope of the main channel is computed using the Upstream Flow Length as determined in Length of the 26 Main Channel together with elevation values from the pour point and the most upstream point along the main flow path The elevation values are queried from the Digital Elevation Model contained in the Ontario Integrated Hydrology Package 6 2 9 Area of Lakes and Wetlands The area within a watershed that is covered by a lake major river or wetland is determined by summarizing a data layer created for OFAT III called WaterBodyArea Raster This raster dataset is composed of data sourced from the following d
54. he mouse click must be within 90 metres of a mapped stream e If successful the generated watershed is then added to the Watershed Name TOC Table of Contents f Additional watersheds can be generated by the same steps as above The results will be added to the Watershed Name TOC Julian Lake Watershed Big Cedar Lake Watershed 1 2 Characterize the Watershed Currently twelve characterizations and a land cover summary can be computed for each generated watershed See the accompanying figures to the right Drainage Area km 2112 716 To compute the physiographic watershed characterizations Shape Factor 8 551 a Click the Watershed Characterization Tab within the Watershed Characterization widget Length of Main Channel km 134 411 the desired watershed to compute its characterization s Minimum Channel Elevation m 161 570 c Click the Calculate button next to each of the characterizations to compute that characterization To compute all characterizations click the Calculate All button Slope of Main Channel m km 2 250 Slope of Main Channel Area Lakes Wetlands km Area Lakes km Area Wetlands km Ministry of Natural Resources Mapping and Information Resources Branch Spatial Data Infrastructure To compute the land cover summary a Click the land cover tab within the Watershed Characterizat
55. hed definitions and As of late 2013 WRIP has been merged into the Spatial Data Infrastructure Unit Geographic Information Branch OMNR characteristics For example the Ontario s Far North planning area represents 44 of the province and within this zone there is a severe shortage of flow monitoring data Understanding our water resources in this part of the province requires a heavy reliance on modelled approaches At the core of OFAT was the automated implementation of 18 existing regional hydrologic models and empirical relationships pertaining to flow estimation in Ontario In recognition that many of these models equations are now dated and or rarely used in Ontario it was decided early in this project that an independent evaluation of regional models empirical relationships would be conducted by Trent University s Institute of Watershed Science This evaluation and consultation with the hydrology community to gauge the applicability value of the individual models led to the implementation of five regional hydrology models for OFAT Ill Table 1 Current OFAT III Hydrology Models Flood Flow Index Flood with Expected Probability Adjustment Moin amp Shaw 1985 Primary Multiple Regression Method Moin amp Shaw 1985 Low Flow Graphical Index Method MOEE 1995 Regression Method MOEE 1995 Mean Annual Flow Mean Annual Flow MNR 2003 2 4 Use and Limitations of OFAT The most fundamental function of OFAT
56. ial Remote Sensing Specialist Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Science amp Information Branch 705 755 2154 Extent Province of Ontario Custodian Science and Information Branch MNR Section 2 GIS Data Layer Specifications This section identifies the geospatial criteria for this data layer 1 File Information File Type GRID Projection File Name Geometry Type Grid 2 Coordinate System Lambert Horizontal Coordinate System GCS North American 1983 Ontario Land Cover Classification Overview The Ontario Land Cover Compilation serves as a consistent land cover map for the entire province to meet regional to landscape level analysis 1 50 000 1 100 000 This product is comprised of three separate land cover databases each with separate class structures and which have been rationalized into a single classification EN Far North Land Coverv1 3 Provincial Land Cover 2000 Edition Figure 1 a Ontario Land Cover Compilation and b Source Land co N eee PT RTS ETS M DIE EU The Ontario Land Cover Compilation consists of 30 land cover classes derived by combining the Provincial Land Cover Database 2000 Edition Far North Land Cover Version 1 3 and the Southern Ontario Land Resource Information System Version 1 2 Each of these separate land cover databases was resampled to a common pixel spacing 15 metres re projected to a common projection NAD83 Lambert Conformal Conic and reclassified into a common
57. ide of the screen A default name of Watershed 1 will appear in the text box This Ces Watershed can be changed at this time if desired The name cannot be changed after the watershed Name is created Coordinate System Pour point coordinates d Establish a pour point A pour point can be LatLong No picis established by one of two methods UTM Easting sf metres i Enter the coordinates of the pour point in O MNR Lambert UTM Zone the text boxes of the Create Watershed Tab One of three coordinate systems can be specified and the entered coordinates Create from Map Point must be within 90 metres of a mapped hydrology feature Zoom in to activate creation from map point ii Create a pour point by a mouse click on a mapped hydrology feature To do this zoom into the feature until the Create from Map Point button becomes enabled in the Create Watershed Tab The button becomes enabled at the second zoom level from the top This point created by the mouse click must be within 90 metres of a mapped stream Failure to be within 90m of a mapped hydrology feature will return a user error e If successful the generated watershed is then added to the Watershed Name TOC Table of Contents and the map zooms to the watershed extent 14 f Within a session multiple watersheds can be created Additional watersheds are generated by Whitewater Lake using the same steps as above The results will be Watershed added to th
58. ided as a data dictionary for the Ontario Land Cover Compilation For each class the class name code number and the source land cover class and class description are included For more details on the source land cover products including potential class confusions please refer to the corresponding data dictionaries of these products Table 1 Ontario Land Cover Compilation Classification As Related to the Source Land Cover Classification PLC2000 Water deep clear Water deep clear Deep or clear waterbodies SOLRIS v1 2 Open Water Open Water No macrophyte vegetation trees or shrub cover FNLC v1 3 Clear Open Water Clear Open Water This class is characterized by water with minimal or no evidence of turbidity or sediment There is also an absence of macrophyte vegetation tree or shrub cover PLC2000 Water shallow sedimented Water shallow sedimented Shallow waterbodies and waterbodies with a high concentration of suspended sediment SOLRIS v1 2 FNLC v1 3 Turbid Water Turbid Water This class is characterized by water with varying degrees of turbidity sediment and marl Sparse floating and submerged vegetation is also included in this class as tones are similar to water with turbidity and sediment Little to no tree or shrub cover is present The mixture of sparse emergent and floating vegetation suspended sediment turbid water and clear water create a unique and identifiable imag
59. il i ele oie facet lncste ose the application or the data that OFAT Ill uses or if anything see ea eles Mi ole is omitted from this Help document please contact Spatial viewing or analysis Only a standard Internet a a i A 2 ae OFAT III Data Infrastructure Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources sdi ontario ca sdi ontario ca aa a MS bP Ontario Executive Summary Ontario Flow Assessment Tools version III OFAT III is an online spatially based application to automate a series of labour intensive technical hydrology tasks OFAT III calculates flow quantity estimation values and several intermediate outputs such as watershed delineation and characterization These derivatives can be used by a variety of users and applied to many water related applications Using a newly redesigned base map the OFAT Ill user defines a watershed drainage point on a mapped hydrology feature such as a stream river or lake anywhere within the land boundary of Ontario including Ontario s far north The resulting watershed can then be used as a mask within OFAT Ill to summarize key watershed characteristics The watershed layer and the characteristics along with other spatial data can be fed into Flood Flow Low Flow and Mean Annual Flow models The user can view all spatial and tabular outputs online and download these outputs to the users desktop for further specialized viewing or analysis A standard Internet browser is required to use OFAT Ill
60. ineated watershed Area of Open Water km2 The area in the watershed covered by open rivers and lakes Wetland Area km2 The area in the watershed covered by wetlands Ministry of Natural Resources Mapping and Information Resources Branch Spatial Data Infrastructure 4 2 2 Landcover Characterization Watersheds generated in OFAT III can be summarized by the land cover type contained within the watershed The data used for the summary is a compilation of three land cover data sets that cover the entire province This data set The Ontario Land Cover Compilation consists of 30 land cover classes derived by combining the Provincial Land Cover Database 2000 Edition Far North Land Cover Version 1 3 and the Southern Ontario Land Resource Information System Version 1 2 The data is intended for regional to landscape level analysis 1 50 000 1 100 000 See Appendix 1 for a detailed explanation of the land cover classes Extracting and summarizing land cover for a watershed is performed from the Characterization widget which is opened from clicking the Watershed Characterization button under the OFAT Ill menu Click the Land Cover tab within the widget a Highlight the watershed to extract and summarize the land cover for in the Watershed Name TOC below the Land Cover Type summary table b Click the Extract Land Cover button below the summary table to extract and summarize the land cover The extrac
61. ion and coarse soil ensures these areas are well drained therefore water table is typically well below the substrate surface creating upland conditions Although vegetation cover is greater than 25 extreme conditions limit vegetation primarily to lichen artic herb and various ericaceous shrub species The combination of lichen and ericaceous shrub image tones proximity to the coast and spatial coincidence with beach ridges allow for identification and mapping PLC2000 Forest sparse Forest sparse A patchy or sparse forest canopy composed of coniferous or deciduous species or a combination of the two SOLRIS v1 2 FNLC v1 3 Sparse Treed Sparse Treed Treed gt two metres in height area containing coniferous or deciduous species or a combination of the two Treed sites with tall and or low treed canopy closure between 10 and 25 These communities are often situated on bedrock knobs rapidly draining soils or on raised mineral soils deposited as beach ridges and strandlines in close proximity to Hudson James Bay They often exhibit a dry and very shallow substrate Dense communities of ground lichens graminoids and or mosses are also common The combination of ground cover dry conditions and sparse canopy offer unique image tones aiding identification Elevation information extracted from an elevation model and quaternary geology parent material also aids mapping PLC2000 SOLRIS v1 2 Forest Forest
62. ion widget b Within the Watershed Name TOC highlight the desired watershed to summarize its land cover 0 01170 0 004 c Click the Extract Land Cover button underneath the summary table ity In 1 22400 0 390 To view the land cover on the map click the View Agriculture an 0 48240 0 154 Land Cover Layer checkbox in the widget When extracting land cover data for a large watershed processing may take several minutes L View Land Cover Layer Extract Land Cover 1 3 Execute Hydrology Models Currently five hydrology models can be computed for each generated watershed See the accompanying figure a Click the Hydrology Models button within the OFAT Ill menu to activate the widget b Within the Watershed Name TOC highlight the Mean Annual Flow MNR 2003 desired watershed to compute the hydrology Low Flow Graphical Index Method model s flows MOEE 1995 c Click the Run Model button next to each of the Low Flow Regression Method hydrology models to compute the flows To run all MOEE 1995 models click the Run All Models button Flood Flow Index Flood Method with EPA Moin amp Shaw 1985 Flood Flow Primary Multiple User Manual Ontario Flow Assessment Tool Ill sdi ontario ca 1 4 View Flood Flow and Low Flow Gauge Statistics Mean Annual Flows MAF Flood Flow and Low Flow gauge statistics and Flow Duration Curves FDC c
63. ions Table 15 shows the parameters used in the final regression equations for these regions Drainage Area km2 Base Flow Index dimensionless Length of Main Channel km Mean Annual Runoff mm Mean Annual Snow cm Table 15 Variables used in the Regression Equation The general form of multiple regression equation for the Southwestern and Westcentral Region Y a a DA a BFI a LNTH 1 24E 10 9 03E 11 8 54E 11 1 21E 10 8 57E 11 7 92E 11 1 29E 10 9 58E 11 1 25E 10 Table 16 Coefficients of Multiple Regression Equations Each low flow region uses a different range of hydrologic parameters to develop models limiting their use Ranges of input parameters for each region is shown in Table 17 Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 Region 5 Southeastern Region 6 Southwestern 780 1020 90 350 137 516 0 00034 0 00747 14 2 3960 0 1 0 8 6 1 190 5 1 100 1 100 Table 17 Range of Values for the Regression Equations Mean Annual Flow MAF Model Currently OFAT contains the Isoline Method Environment Canada 1986 to estimate mean annual flow cms The original provincial isoline map for mean annual runoff mm was first digitized and then a continuous surface a map with 1km 1km cell resolution was created from the isolines The mean annu
64. izing data or appending like tables or geometries in their GIS system if they wish to System generated ID fields are omitted in the explanations Table 5 Field Descriptions for OFAT III exported tables Table PourPoint dbf Shape The geometry of the GIS file The value will be Point OFATID Auto generated OFAT ID WTertiary The code for the tertiary watershed where the pour point is located Latitude The latitude in decimal degrees NAD 83 Longitude The longitude in decimal degrees NAD 83 X_LCC X coordinate in Lambert Conformal Conic NAD 83 Y_LCC Table Watershed dbf Shape Y coordinate in Lambert Conformal Conic NAD 83 The geometry of the GIS file The value will be Polygon OFATID Auto generated OFAT ID Table CharacterizationTable dbf Field Name Description OFATID Auto generated OFAT ID AreaKm Area of the watershed in square kilometres ShapFactr The square of the length of the main channel divided by the drainage area MeanElevM The average elevation value of the DEM within the delineated watershed MaxElevM The maximum elevation value of the DEM within the delineated watershed MeanSlpPc The average slope of the watershed calculated using the slope grid LeOMChKm Length of the main channel or longest flow path in kilometres MaxChElvM Maximum channel elevation in metres at the most upst
65. l information as required from derived watershed characteristics There are additional data layers required for the regression models Additional data include 6 4 1 Mean Annual Runoff The OFAT III Mean Annual Runoff Surface is a 1 km resolution raster data set that represents the mean annual runoff in mm at a particular location This grid was created by North East Science and Information Branch of MNR The source data to create the grid was taken from Moin and Shaw Regional Flood Frequency Analysis for Ontario Streams 1985 Hard copy maps were digitized to create a mean annual runoff contour dataset which were then interpolated into a surface using TOPOGID This data is stored in OMNR Lambert Conformal Conic Projection WRIP is not the custodian of this data set 6 4 2 Base Flow Index The OFAT Ill Base Flow Index Surface is a 1 km resolution raster data set that represents the portion of flow in a stream derived from soil moisture or groundwater baseflow The grid value in any one location represents the ratio of base flow to total flow volume dimensionless This grid was created by North East Science and Information Section of MNR The source data to create the grid was taken from Moin and Shaw Regional Flood Frequency Analysis for Ontario Streams 1985 Tabular data from this study was used to create point values which were then interpolated into a continuous surface raster using TOPOGRID The grid does not cover the entire province
66. n measurable and unacceptable impacts to other uses For coldwater streams an unacceptable impact is defined by a circumstance where groundwater discharge is reduced by more than 20 as compared to the existing estimated monthly streamflow Qp80 the flow that is exceeded 80 percent of the time or the average monthly baseflow of the watercourse or another threshold that has already been defined as a condition in an existing permit In situations where another threshold has been defined that threshold would be used to identify a significant risk Climate Change Guide for Assessment of Hydrologic Effects of Climate Change in Ontario 2010 Summary of hydrologic change metrics Mean Flows Mean annual flow Mean monthly flows Mean seasonal flow Peak Flow Statistics Recurrence Interval peak flows e g 2 Year 100 Year Flow Distribution Flow frequency duration curve Low Flow Statistics 1010 7010 7020 After selecting the hydrologic metrics the study team must decide how to compare the climate change impacts to the reference regime The following methods can be used to compare the estimated impacts with each metric Absolute Change Estimate the absolute change in the hydrologic metric e g 7Q10 decreases from 10 L s to 7 L s Relative Change Estimate the percent change in the hydrologic metric e g 7Q10 decreases 30 Frequency Change Estimate the change in the frequency of exceedance for a metric e g
67. n more than half the province These challenges include e The scale of provincial base data and derived data is variable There exists 1 10 000 scale base data in southern Ontario and 1 20 000 scale base data in northern Ontario e The raster hydrology elevation and derivative data layers were developed in a UTM projection 4 zones which critically limits spatial watershed representation across UTM zones and n holdings were not Provincial in scope a usable hydrology base in the Far North is absent To address these items listed above the WRIP has now completed a major undertaking producing separate GIS hydrology elevation and hydrology derivative datasets in a seamless provincial standard Lambert Conformal Conic LCC projection for the entire province The base hydrology data in this projection allows users to work in a seamless data environment To address base data scale differences all developed raster data layers have been created at a uniform 30 metre grid resolution and are available as an Integrated Hydrology Data Package that was first available in late 2012 WRIP 2012 This seamless LCC data is employed as the backbone of OFAT III A detailed data description and links to metadata used in OFAT III is provided in Section 6 0 2 6 Website The OFAT Ill release is a spatial web application Deployment in a web environment offers numerous advantages over that of a desktop application or GIS extension Updates and additions to th
68. ng with proximity to James and Hudson Bays allows for image detection FNLC v1 3 Intertidal Marsh Supertidal Marsh Fresh Water Marsh Cont d PLC2000 Swamp deciduous Swamp coniferous Fresh Water Marsh Fresh water marshes occur in close proximity to Hudson and James Bays They are often adjacent to supertidal marshes but not subjected to any salt water influences Otherwise freshwater marsh features are relatively rare in the Far North but do occur When they occur these features are located on inland lakes and rivers in the southern portion of the Ontario Shield and in river oxbows in the Hudson Bay lowlands These are generally open communities where the water table is seasonally or permanently at near or above substrate surface Vegetation is composed primarily of grasses sedges and emergents while tree and shrub cover lt 25 Swamp deciduous Hardwood swamps of Southern Ontario occurring along rivers and in old lakebeds and other low lying areas Swamp coniferous Swamps with dense conifer tree or shrub cover occurring in Southern Ontario SOLRIS v1 2 Swamp Swamp Open shrub and treed communities water table seasonally or permanently at near or above substrate surface tree or shrub cover gt 25 dominated by hydrophytic shrub and tree species FNLC v1 3 Thicket Swamp Coniferous Swamp Deciduous Swamp Thicket Swamp Greater than 25 hydrophytic shrub species capable of growing taller than
69. nimum length of record required for high data quality is 20 years Active gauges with more than 10 years of record but less than 20 are also included for reference It is highly recommended that the data with less than 20 years of record be used with caution The results include the tabular values of annual and monthly Flow Duration Curves and the graphical output of annual Flow Duration Curves The Flow Duration Curve is created by the period of record method The date and the corresponding daily streamflow discharge constitute the data required for the analysis Streamflow Analysis and Assessment Software SAAS version 3 is used for the creation of Flow Duration Curve data For displaying the Annual Flow Duration Curve in OFAT Ill the estimated flow exceedance output values from SAAS is used and the graph is generated on the fly 04CA002 Flow Duration Curve 10 The Low Flow Flood Flow Single Station Frequency Analysis results Mean Annual Flows and Flow Duration curves for select gauges can be explored through the Flow Statistics widget that is opened by clicking on the Flow Statistics button within the OFAT Ill menu When opened the map view will zoom to the extent of available gauges for query Discharge m sec 0 1 isti 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Flow Statistics Percent Exceedance 20 Accessing a gauge to query can be accomplished using one of two simple methods a Click the
70. ns with natural flow or minor regulation were used 42 The main feature of this method is the delineation of homogenous regions within Ontario using the standardized residuals from the 100 year return level Three homogenous regions where found by grouping the residuals of similar magnitude and sign These regions are shown in Figure 3 ma Gees mc Three Flood Frequency Regions Regression equations were developed for each of the three homogeneous regions The parameters significant in the regression equations in the order of importance are Drainage Area Base Flow Index Slope of the Main Channel Area Controlled by Lakes and Swamps Mean Annual Runoff Mean Annual Precipitation and Shape Factor Kilometers IVISLTIUU IVIUITI X OTIAVV 1709 Regression equations developed were tested on measure of performance as expressed as percentage in difference from the single gauge analysis sensitivity analysis of dependent variables regression analysis R of the equation error analysis same as Index method and testing of regression equations with two stations each from each region The test results indicated good prediction of estimates with acceptable error The model is calibrated for all the independent variables of the regression equation The governing equations and the information are given below in Table 5 Drainage Area km2 Mean Channel Slope m km Index of Area Controlled by Water amp Wetland Shape
71. nsities of ericaceous shrubs can also occur higher densities also produce a unique image tone that can be used for mapping Treed Bog The ecological characteristics of treed bog are similar to those described for open bog Treed bogs have either tree cover greater than 10 and tall shrub cover less than 25 A combination of low ericaceous shrub lichen sphagnum moss and black spruce all aid detection Treed Peatland PLC2000 SOLRIS v1 2 FNLC v1 3 Treed Peatland Treed Peatland Sparsely vegetated situated in low lying poorly drained peat dominated areas Tree cover primarily tamarack or black spruce is lt 40 canopy cover gt two metres in height Class represents the ecotone between treed fen and bog classes where clear distinction between these communities is unclear without ground validation May include a combination of treed bog treed fen type features and sparse coniferous swamp e g sparse tamarack graminoid or sphagnum moss PLC2000 Tundra Heath Tundra Heath Low tundra vegetation growing on slightly raised beach deposits and strand lines along the Hudson Bay coast SOLRIS v1 2 FNLC v1 3 Heath Heath Heath commonly occurs on the raised mineral soils deposited as beach ridges and strandlines The slightly higher elevations and close proximity to the coast ensures these features are constantly exposed to all intensities of prevailing and coastal winds The relative high elevat
72. omized add on to proprietary GIS software Updates to newer versions of GIS software necessitated a re work of OFAT In 2003 work began on OFAT Il but was never fully completed or documented A major innovation with OFAT Il was the inclusion of a Daily Flow Toolkit Using the refined and quality controlled time series flow data from Environment Canada s Hydrometric HYDAT database this Toolkit contained the functionality to derive 6 daily flow calculations The provincial need for OFAT like functionality across Ontario has not diminished over the intervening years evidenced by regular requests for OFAT and OFAT outputs In the far north of Ontario this need was heightened with the initiation of land use planning activities across this zone These factors led the MNR s Water Resources Information Program WRIP with support from the Far North Branch Integration Branch and the Land and Resources Cluster to build OFAT III 2 3 Functionality A central requirement of any spatial hydrology modelling tool is the ability to accurately delineate and characterize watersheds An objective of this project was to develop such a tool that was easily and openly accessible for widespread application via the Internet Such an application serves the needs of the flow modelling community and can be actively employed to support science and policy groups across the Ontario Public Service OPS and beyond that require access to authoritative waters
73. on widget in the OFAT Ill menu Checking the Visible box turns the associated layer on and off while the slider adjusts the Transparency of the layer 12 Ministry of Natural Resources Mapping and Information Resources Branch Spatial Data Infrastructure 3 3 OFAT III The OFAT IIl menu contains the majority of the specific OFAT III functionality When the menu is clicked the OFAT specific buttons are displayed The functionality of these widgets are explained in detail in Section 4 0 OFAT III Toolset 3 4 Find Information The Find Information menu contains an address locator tool The Find Address tool allows the user to enter an address that is located within Ontario after the Locate button is clicked 3 5 Mark Up and Printing The user can select from a variety of scales in addition to the current extent print the current extent of the map The Drawing and Mark Up Tools allow for text and basic drawings to be added to the map by the user to highlight information on the print out E Map Data Watersheds Secondary Watershed Tertiary Watersheds Primary Watershed E OFAT III Viewable Data Extreme Flow Statistics WSC HYDAT Background Map and Imagery J Transparency Oo Ee Transparency oO Far North Northern Ontario Transparency oO oe Transparency oO Eastern Ontario Simcoe and Muskoka Transparency o oe Transparency o l Greater Toronto Area Sou
74. on within the OFAT III menu to activate the widget RS Channie There are two tabs available within the widget Characterizations and Landcover Click the Characterizations tab to access the ability to calculate the physiographic characterizations summarizes the current characterizations 15 User Manual Ontario Flow To calculate the characterizations a Highlight the watershed to calculate the characterizations for in the Watershed Name TOC below the characterizations table b Click the Calculate button next to each of the characterizations to compute that characterization To compute all characterizations click the Calculate All button The results of the watershed characterizations are displayed next to the parameter name To calculate or view the characterizations from another watershed highlight the desired watershed in the Watershed Name TOC The values of the computed characterizations will be updated with the values of the highlighted watershed For processing efficiency some characterizations will be calculated at the same time Clicking Calculate for one characterization may trigger the calculation of others Table 2 below briefly explains each of the characterization specifics Watershed characterizations for each watershed can be exported from OFAT Ill See Section 5 for details Table 2 OFAT Ill Characterizations Drainage Area Assessment Tool Ill sdi ontario ca Drainage Area km
75. ood depending on local conditions Rural Arterial and Collector Roads 25 year 50 year Local may be paved Local unpaved Roads and Resource Access Roads 10 year 25 year Temporary Detours 1 to 5 year 1 to 10 year Table 2 Minimum Design Floods for Road Crossings Flooding Hazard Limit Natural Hazard Policies of the Provincial Policy Statement of the Planning Act 2002 River System Flood Standards Zone 1 the peak flow resulting from the Hurricane Hazel1 Storm or the 100 year flood whichever is greater Zone 2 the 100 year flood Zone 3 the peak flow resulting from the Timmins2 Storm or the 100 year flood whichever is greater depending on the location in the province Flood Hazard Criteria Zones ot Ontario Nickel District and Conservation Authorities North say Mbwa ZONE 3 Lake Huron Appreximats sourcaries of the Foce Zeres i Flood Procuced by Harricare Hazel Storm ZONE 1 ut thw 190 Year Flood whichever is yiwabs ZONE 2 The 100 Year Flood ZONE 2 Fland Produced sy the Timmins Storm or the 190 Year Flosd whistever is greater Zone alse extends m a other areas of Orare not depicted on this map Thames Lakshead Region and Sault Ste Mans Region vany Consarvalicr Authorities not depicted on thie map Pintea hy Drie M nome F Nate al Romanii om fe EN N Map Praichior Lambert Centorrmal Ceno i 4 Dan source Based on maas AS omeiptaran y Gt Clota Resen
76. ors inaccuracies or omissions in this documentation and in no event will the Ministry s liability for any such errors inaccuracies or omissions on any particular claim proceeding or action exceed the actual consideration paid by the claimant involved to the Ministry for the materials to which this instructional documentation relates Save and except for the liability expressly provided for above the Ministry shall have no obligation duty or liability whatsoever in contract tort or otherwise including any liability or negligence The limitations exclusions and disclaimers expressed above shall apply irrespective of the nature of any cause of action demand or action including but not limited to breach of contract negligence strict liability tort or any other legal theory and shall survive any fundamental breach or breaches 1 0 Data Specifications Sheet Date July 2013 Section 1 Data Standard Information This section identifies the name abbreviation and extent of the 2013 Ontario Land Cover Compilation and provides contact information for the producer and custodian of this data layer Layer Name Ontario Land Cover Compilation Layer Abbreviation OLC Layer Description Regional ecologically based land cover and change inventory Represents the landscape current to between 1999 2011 References Far North Land Cover Methodology Production Science and Information Branch Ministry of Natural Resources MNR Product Contact Provinc
77. ose obtained by the single station analysis The flow versus drainage area relationship is shown Twelve Flood Frequency Regions below in equation 5 The equations coefficients and the corresponding drainage area range are given in Table 2 This method developed two equations drainage area greater or less than 60 square kilometres for region 1 This approach overcomes the limitation of the drainage area range to a certain extent The dimensionless ratio of the regional frequency curves for each region is given in Table 3 200 100 o 200 400 600 800 oo Kilometers Figure 2 Twelve Flood Regions of Index Flood Method Moin amp Shaw 1985 General form of the equation Q 2 year return period 3PLN flood A Drainage Area C Constant n exponent slope D 2 0 22 A lt 60 km 0 73 A gt 60 km 0 51 0 20 0 71 0 45 Z 0 41 1 13 0 73 0 40 0 28 0 38 SO MINI A OA AIIN do M0 AJOUN 0 59 Table 3 Range of Drainage Area Values for the Regression Table 2 Coefficients of the Regression Equations Equations 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Table 4 Ratio of the Frequency Values Another feature of this study was the introduction of the expected probability concept The expected probability is defined as the average of the true probabilities of all
78. r 7Q and 7Q is Y a ta DA a DA a DA a LNTH a LNTH a MAR a MAR The coefficients for the multiple regression equation for 7Q are listed in Table 10 0 000353 1 2 0 00337 0 18088 3 1 581 10 7 0 0156 1 2 and 3 DA 0 00323 0 01898 0 00756 lt 17000 km2 Table 10 Coefficients of MOEE 1995 Multiple Regression Equations for 7Q2 The co efficients of the multiple equations for 7Q are listed in Table 11 0 000272 0 00125 9 777 10 8 1 2 and 3 DA lt 0 0016 17000 km2 Table 11 Coefficients of Multiple Regression Equations Central and Southeastern Regions Variables used in the regression equations are given in Table 12 Drainage Area km2 Base Flow Index Table 12 Variables used in the Regression Equation The general form of multiple regression equation for the Central Region is Y a a DA a BFI 0 00066184 0 0018060 0 0016260 0 00058893 0 00045199 0 0022380 0 00097749 0 00087086 Table 13 Coefficients of Multiple Regression Equations The general form of multiple regression equation for the Southeastern Region Y a a DA a BFI 7 6323E 11 1 3049E 10 1 2409E 10 7 0980E 11 6 5153E 11 1 4637E 10 8 5495E 11 7 9836E 11 Table 14 Coefficients of Multiple Regression Equations Southwestern and West Central Reg
79. r bodies or large rivers sometimes referred to as double line streams Not visible on screen are virtual segments that flow through water bodies and large rivers Virtual segments are part of the underlying stream network that maintain flow though water body features The user defined pour point must fall within 90 metres of the virtual segment Because it is not visible on screen a user pour point may not fall within the tolerance and may have to be re entered by the user This is generally only an issue with very large hydrographic features Generally the virtual segment will be near the centre of the water body and many virtual segments may be contained within the water body that represent flow from contributing streams OFAT III uses a pre defined OMNR base map that does not show virtual segments Water flow does not start or stop at the borders of Ontario The information OFAT Ill uses to generate watersheds does not extend beyond the borders of Ontario and therefore will not provide a complete reliable watershed boundary if its contributing area extends beyond the border Users must be aware of possible incomplete watershed delineations at the borders of Ontario 4 2 Watershed Characterization ee D tap Layers oFaTm F 4 2 1 Physiographic Characterizations Currently twelve physiographic characterizations can be computed for each e generated watershed To access the watershed characterizations Click the Watershed Characterizations butt
80. rbudgetguide The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Ministry of the Environment in partnership with Credit Valley Conservation Guide for Assessment of Hydrologic Effects of Climate Change in Ontario 2010 http www waterbudget ca climatechangeguide Appendix 4 Other References IDF Curves An Intensity Duration Frequency curve IDF curve is a graphical representation of the probability that a given average rainfall intensity will occur It characterizes the rainfall pattern of the area Usually 2 5 10 25 50 and 100 year return periods are shown on IDF curves Rainfall Intensities for the province of Ontario can be found in MTO IDF Curve Lookup http www mto gov on ca IDF Curves Duration 5 minutes 10 minutes 15 minutes 30 minutes 1 hr 2 hr 6 hr 12 hr 24 hr Recurrence Interval 2 5 10 25 50 100 years Environment Canada National Climate Data Archive http climate weatheroffice gc ca prods servs index e html Free download FTP site ftp arcdm20 tor ec gc ca pub dist IDF Duration 5 minutes 10 minutes 15 minutes 30 minutes 1 hr 2 hr 6 hr 12 hr 24 hr Recurrence Interval 2 5 10 25 50 100 years IDF Curve Example Short Duration Rainfall Intensity Duration Frequency Data 2010 04 13 Donn es sur l intensit la dur e et la fr quence des chutes de pluie de courte dur e 600 500 TORONTO LESTER B 400 PEARSON INTL A ON 300 6158733 200 1950 2003 51 years ans Latitude
81. ream point of the flow path MinChElvM Minimum channel elevation in metres at the pour point ChSlp_M_Km Channel slope in metres kilometre most upstream point of flow path to the pour point ChSlp_Pent Channel slope in percent most upstream point of flow path to the pour point WatrAreakm Area covered by Lakes Rivers and Wetlands within the watershed in square kilometres OpWAreakm The area in the watershed covered by open rivers and lakes WetlAreakm Table LandCoverTable dbf Field Name The area in the watershed covered by wetlands Description Value Grid cell value Area The area of the land cover classification within the watershed in m2 Percentage The percentage of area of the land cover classification within the watershed Class_Name Table MAF dbf Field Name The land cover classification Description OFATID Auto generated OFAT ID Model The name of the model Units Units MAF Table MOEGI dbf Field Name The flow quantity estimation Description OFATID Auto generated OFAT ID Model The name of the model Units Units AreaLimit The result of the model input parameter watershed area range test LF_ x Qly The Low Flow Quantity averaged over x days for a specific return period y Table MOERegression Field Name Description dbf Model The name of the model OFATID Auto
82. res in height and between 25 and 60 closure and low less than 10 metres in height and greater than 25 closure communities Upland coniferous tree species make up greater than 75 of canopy closure Species are primarily jack pine black spruce white spruce Plantations Treed Cultivated PLC2000 SOLRIS v1 2 Plantations Treed Cultivated Plantations Treed Cultivated Tree cover gt 60 minimum 2 m in height linear organization uniform tree type FNLC v1 3 Hedge Rows PLC2000 SOLRIS v1 2 Hedge Rows Hedge Rows Tree cover gt 60 minimum 2 m in height linear arrangement minimum 10 m width maximum 30m width FNLC v1 3 Disturbance PLC2000 Forest Depletion cuts Forest Depletion burns Forest regenerating depletion Forest Depletion cuts Forest clearcuts estimated to be less than 10 years of age Forest Depletion burns Forest burns estimated to be less than 10 years of age Forest regenerating depletion Old burns supporting very sparse vegetation SOLRIS v1 2 FNLC v1 3 Disturbance Non and Sparse Woody Disturbance Treed and or Shrub Disturbance Non and Sparse Woody The result of natural and or anthropogenic disturbance occurring some time over the last 20 years Vegetation cover includes herbaceous forbs and graminoids greater than 25 sparse herbaceous between two and 25 and non vascul
83. s a stream river or lake anywhere within the land boundary of Ontario including Ontario s far north The resulting watershed can then be used as a mask within OFAT III to summarize key watershed characteristics The watershed layer and the characteristics along with other spatial data can be fed into Flood Flow Low Flow and Mean Annual Flow models The user can view all spatial and tabular outputs online and download these outputs to the users desktop for further specialized viewing or analysis Only a standard Internet browser is required to use OFAT Ill 2 2 Background When initially released in 2002 Ontario Flow Assessment Techniques OFAT developed by the Ministry of Natural Resources MNR North East Science and Information NESI was a system ahead of its time OFAT was visionary providing automated implementation of existing very labour intensive manual hydrology calculations Chang et al 2002 This system provided users with the potential to estimate flow regimes representing low flows e g 7 02 7010 7020 etc flood flows e g Q2 Q10 Q25 Q100 etc mean annual flows minimum instream flow requirements and bankfull flows for watersheds in Ontario outside the extent of the far north of Ontario This functionality allowed users to compare and explore obtained results across regional models with the confidence of standardized Geographic Information System GIS processes and attribute handling OFAT was a cust
84. sseur d information ne peut tre tenu responsable de la pr sence d erreurs ou d omissions dans l Information et ne se verra en aucun cas imputer la responsabilit de quelque perte blessure ou dommage direct e indirect e sp cial e accessoire cons cutif ve ou autre caus e par son utilisation ou d coulant autrement de l Information m me s il est avis de la possibilit d un tel pr judice Veuillez faire r f rence la documentation originale ou parler avec un expert dans ce domaine avant d utiliser l information pour but de prise de d cisions Where to Go for More Help This document contains detailed help from using OFAT III to the specifics around input data and models OFAT Ill uses to produce the generated outputs If further help is required persistant problems occur with the application or the data that OFAT Ill uses or if anything is omitted from this Help document please email Spatial Data Infrastructure Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources sdi ontario ca System Requirements OFAT IIl requires an internet connection current internet browsers and a minimum screen resolution of 1024 x 768 Recommended screen resolution is 1280 x 1024 Table of Contents 1 0 OFAT III Quick Start ie 1 1 Create a Watershed 5 1 2 Characterize the Watershed 6 1 3 Execute Hydrology Models 7 1 4 View Flood Flow and Low Flow Gauge Statistics 8 2 0 Overview of OFAT III 9 2 1 Introduction w9 2 2 Background 9 2 3
85. tal Elevation Model http mnronline mnr gov on ca odms search view asp attachment_id 1 amp document_ id 14381 WRIP Fact Sheet 2008 c Arc Hydro http mnronline mnr gov on ca odms search view asp attachment_ id 1 amp document_ id 14378 WRIP Technical Release 2012 Ontario Integrated Hydrology Data Elevation and Mapped Water Features for Provincial Scale Hydrology Applications Zhao J Todd K Hogg A and Kenny F 2008 Improving Ontario s Provincial Digital Elevation Model Internal Report Water Resources Information Program Ministry of Natural Resources 90p Appendix 1 Ontario Land Cover Compilation Version 1 0 The Ontario Land Cover Compilation Data Specifications Version 1 0 appendix was supplied by Provincial Remote Sensing Specialist Science and Information Branch Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources 705 755 2154 Disclaimer This instructional documentation has been prepared by Her Majesty the Queen in right of Ontario as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources the Ministry No warranties or representations express or implied statutory or otherwise shall apply or are being made by the Ministry with respect to the documentation its accuracy or its completeness In no event will the Ministry be liable or responsible for any lost profits loss of revenue or earnings claims by third parties or for any economic indirect special incidental consequential or exemplary damage resulting from any err
86. the table click the Download FDC Data button 4 5 Find Watershed alphabetically with the Tertiary ID Adjacent to the name and ID is a Zoom button for each tertiary watershed feature and when pressed will zoom to that particular watershed feature The Find Watershed widget contains a table that lists tertiary watershed common names Find Watershed 5 0 Exporting Deleting Watershed Information All watersheds watershed characterizations and hydrology model outputs can be exported to the users desktop directly from the OFAT III website To export the data for any particular watershed and its associated characterizations and hydrology model outputs click the export button next to the watershed listed in the Watershed Name TOC An export dialog box appears presenting a list of options to include in the export By default the Watershed and Pour Point geometry are included in the export Subsequent items such as the characterizations and the hydrology model outputs are available only if they have been executed Check the desired items to include in the export and then select Create Package The selected items are then added to a zip file which can be downloaded to the users desktop by clicking the Download Package button A file save as dialog box is presented to select the location of the file on the users computer 5 1 Export Contents All possible contents of the export are listed in Table 4 These include GIS geome
87. the watershed At any time Flow Statistics for select northern Ontario HYDAT gauges can be viewed 1 1 Create a Watershed A watershed is created in OFAT III by entering a pour point a point through which all the water of the watershed will drain through In OFAT Ill a pour point must exist on a mapped hydrology feature lake or stream and must exist within the land boundary of Ontario a point within the Great Lakes will not generate a watershed a Click on the OFAT II Menu b Click on the Create Watershed Button c The Create Watershed widget will appear on the left side of the application A default name of Watershed 1 is auto populated This can be changed prior to establishing a pour point d Establish a pour point A pour point can be established by two different methods i Enter the Coordinates of the pour point in the text boxes of the Create Watershed widget The coordinates can be entered by using one of three supported projections Choose between the projections by clicking the associated radio buttons as seen in the image to the right The coordinates entered must be within 90 metres of a mapped hydrology feature User Manual Ontario Flow Assessment Tool Ill sdi ontario ca ii Create a pour point by a mouse click on a hydrology feature To do this zoom into the feature until the Create from Map Point button is enabled The button is enabled at the second zoom level from the top The point created by t
88. thwestern Ontario Map Layers Menu 4 0 The OFAT III Toolset This section explains in detail how to use the specific OFAT Ill Tools This section also outlines some tips on using the tools and limitations the users should be aware of 4 1 Watershed Delineation OFAT Ill is capable of delineating a watershed from any user defined point in Ontario that satisfies certain criteria In OFAT Ill generating a watershed is the initial point of the work flow for many of the functions A watershed is required to perform the subsequent operations in the work flow such as generating watershed characteristics and executing the hydrology models A watershed is created in OFAT III by entering a pour point a point through which all overland flow of the watershed will drain through In OFAT III a pour point must exist on a mapped hydrology feature lake or stream and must exist within the land boundary of Ontario a point within the Great Lakes St Lawrence Ottawa River St Clair Hudson Bay James Bay or similar area will not generate a watershed To create a watershed follow the steps below a Click on the OFAT II Menu Bookmarks Map Layers OFAT III Find Information Markup and Printing b Click on the Create Watershed Button Q e E N g Create Watershed Watershed Characterization Hydrology Models Flow Statistics Find Watershed c The Create Watershed widget will appear on the left s
89. tion could take several minutes depending on the size of the watershed At completion the land cover type is summarrized by area km and percent coverage within the watershed Any of the generated watersheds within the Watershed Name TOC can have the land cover summarized Simply highlight the watershed in the TOC to control what is displayed in the Land Cover Type summary table The land cover can be viewed on the map by selecting the View Land Cover Layer The viewable layer is for the entire province not just the watershed The extracted landcover is exportable See section 5 for details vatersnea Characterization Eiri ears ea E Bog Treed Peatland Heath Sparse Treed Treed Upland Deciduous Tr Mixed Treed Coniferous Tr fs E E E 5 E E L E E E a a E m E E Plantations T Hedge Rows Disturbance Open Cliff and Alvar Sand Barren Open Taligras Taligrass Sav Tallgrass Woo Sand Gravell Bedrock Community In Agriculture an 5 58585 0 00000 0 00000 3 64568 109 73100 136 28900 35 77390 0 00000 0 00000 0 00000 6 36413 0 00000 0 00000 0 00000 0 00000 0 00000 0 00000 0 00000 0 01170 1 22400 0 48240 When extracting land cover data for a large watershed processing may take several minutes _ View Land Cover Layer Extract Land Cover 4 3 Flow Prediction Regional Hydrology Models OFA
90. try files rasters and tables Files included in the export but not listed here are supporting GIS files These files must remain grouped with the shapefiles shp or the raster files GRID The info folder location relative to the land cover raster folder must be maintained as this is a requirement of GIS software After the package is created by OFAT Ill downloaded to the desktop and extracted the file structure as it apprears in ArcCatalog is illustrated in the figure to the right The parent folder is named the same as it was listed in the OFAT Ill Watershed TOC M Watershed area and pour point geometry shp PA Watershed area geometry KMZ file M Characterizations table calculated values only PA Land cover table areas and percentages PM Land cover raster GRID files Hydrology model tables C Mean Annual Flow MNR 2003 C Low Flow Graphical Index Method MOEE 1995 L Low Flow Regression Method MOEE 1995 PA Flood Flow Index Flood Method with EPA Moin amp Shaw 1985 M Flood Flow Primary Multiple Regression Moin amp Shaw 1985 Download Package Waubuno Creek Watershed kmz El landcoverGRID He landcovr amp OntaroLandcover lyr El shape PourPoint shp Watershed shp characterization Table dbf IndexEPA dbf LandCoverTable d MAF dbf bf MOEGLdbf MOERegression dbf MoinShawRegression dbf Table 4 All Possible Export Contents Watershed 1 as named in OFAT
91. ur utiliser OFAT III Cette publication hautement sp cialis e Technical Release Ontario Flow Assessment Tools OFAT Version 3 0 User Manual n est disponible qu en Anglais en vertu du R glement 411 97 qui en exempte l application de la Loi sur les services en fran ais Pour obtenir de l aide en fran ais veuillez communiquer avec au minist re des Richesses naturelles au mnr nric mnr ontario ca ou 1 800 667 1940 Disclaimer The information is licensed as is and the Information Provider excludes all representations warranties obligations and liabilities whether express or implied to the maximum extent permitted by law The Information Provider is not liable for any errors or omissions in the information and will not under any circumstances be liable for any direct indirect special incidental consequential or other loss injury or damage caused by its use or otherwise arising in connection with this information even if specifically advised of the possibility of such loss injury or damage Please refer to the original documentation or speak with an expert in this area before using the information for decision making purposes D sistement L Information est offerte sous licence telle quelle et le Fournisseur d information ni implicitement ni express ment ne fait aucune d claration n accorde aucune garantie et n assume aucune obligation ou responsabilit dans la mesure o la loi le lui permet Le Fourni
92. vel is in terms of the frequency factor for hydrological studies is given by Chow 1964 The frequency factor depends on the type of distribution It is expressed mathematically as The Index Method The Index method was developed by Dalrymple in 1960 A summary of this method as given in the U S Geological survey is given below Initially single hydrometric station analysis is carried out and the corresponding frequency is developed The variable used for single station analysis is the maximum instantaneous peak flow of the annual series Then single station frequency curves are combined to give the regional frequency curves This is completed in two steps The first step is the development of the dimensionless frequency curve which represents the ratio of the flood of any frequency to an index flood known as mean annual flood The second step is the development of the relationship between mean annual floods to the drainage area of the basin The procedure for the development of the frequency curve for any location is a find the mean annual flood corresponding to the drainage area of the watershed b from the first curve select ratios of peak discharge to mean annual flood for the selected recurrence interval c multiply these ratios by the mean annual flood and plot the resulting discharges of these ratios by the mean annual flood and plot the discharge of known frequency to define the frequency curve The procedure is explained in the upcomin
93. vernment of Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Adaptive Management of Stream Corridors in Ontario 2001 http www conservationontario ca resources natural channels stream corridor 2FILES O0STREAM PDF Government of Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Technical Guide River and Streams Hazard Flood Limit 2001 http people trentu ca rmetcalfe PDFs POFLDHZD PDF Government of Ontario Ministry of Environment Guide for Applying for Approval of Sewage Works 2010 http www ene gov on ca stdprodconsume groups Ir ene resources documents resource std01 079525 pdf Government of Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Ministry of Environment Ministry of Agriculture and Food Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing Ministry of Enterprise Opportunity and Innovation Association of Municipalities of Ontario Conservation Ontario Ontario Low Water Response 2003 http www mnr gov on ca stdprodconsume groups r mnr water documents document mnr_e002322 pdf Statistics Canada 2009 Technical Paper The Water Yield for Canada as a Thirty year Average 1971 to 2000 Concepts Methodology and Initial Results Robby Bemrose Laura Kemp Mark Henry and Fran ois Soulard http www statcan gc ca pub 16 001 m 16 001 m2009007 eng pdf Government of Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Ministry of Environment Water Budget and Water Quantity Risk Assessment Guide Drinking Water Source Protection Program 2011 http www waterbudget ca wate

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