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User guide - SPM Instrument

1. After editing measuring point data you can do one of three things e Close 3 simply closes the default file without saving the edited measuring point data or the acim ea 10 revolutions measuring results p FFT measurement Yes eee Frequency upper Orders 100 e To keep the edited measuring point data perma Edit No of spectrum lines 1600 Symptom enhancement factor Off Save Time signal and FFT Trigger selection nently use Save as file 4 before closing the file e The choice Save as new default settings 5 cre ates a new default file which you have to name 6 For further information see overleaf The name of the new default file is shown in the measurement window 7 Leonova Emerald Write to CondID Measuring result amp Temperature painted surface T Temperature 2013 01 16 15 39 15 c Temperature C Alarms Set comment All comments Recording Stethoscope itet WOM Shift Left Right Change TAB lete result B 6 General measurement functions Single measurement user files When closing a default file with the Save as file option 1 you will be prompted to input a file name via the keyboard window 2 The file will then be accessible from the FILE window 3 Save as file Save as new default settings The file thus saved keeps both the edited measur ing point data and the measuring results It can
2. dy gdn E 40 40 30 30 20 20 ye 1 10 0 gt 0 E Regular showers F Measured value drops sharply Scraping machine parts A danger signal the bearing is sliding Shock pulse measurement D 23 The LR HR and SPM LR HR HD techniques Mean diameter Dm TYPE RPM COMP LR HR TYPE 3 0 10 20 30 dB HR The LR HR technique was originally developed for a continuous automatic monitoring system CMS An automatic system cannot like a human operator vary measuring time use earphones or make further tests to verify suspect readings It works with fixed settings and is dependent on accurate input data This together with new research results programmable chips and the desire to get more detailed information from the shock pulse signal lead to a change in the threshold values plus a more diverse and detailed output The value for the noise carpet HR is read at an occurrence rate of approx 1000 pulses second and the value for the strong shock pulses LR at approx 40 pulses second This makes LR an average value of the strong pulses lower than the maximum and thus reduces the dynamic range To increase accuracy the mean diameter of the bearing is used the SPM TYPE no is input to define bearing geometry and the COMP no to calibrate the individual measuring points The extra output information concerns mainly lubrication condition allowing the user to attack a mayor maintenance problem
3. Measurement techniques always included Contents Measurement techniques always included cceeeeeeeeee ees 3 Speed Meas UIG 11 11 gt 11 See eee nee ee eee cen nee ne mene ot ee et 4 Speed measurement with default file cee ceceeeeeeeenees 5 Temperature measurement ccc ceccceecececeeeenceeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeenes 7 Temperature measurement with default file eee ee eee 8 User defined manual inNput acemscsusnesweradondntenduleomsestuxiecunn 9 User defined manual input with default file eee 9 Vibration severity measurement ccceeceececceeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeees 10 Definition of machine classes according to ISO 2372 11 Measuring points for vibration cccccccceccecceeeeeeeeeeceeeeeenes 12 Measuring point data for ISO 2372 ceccecceccecceeceecneeeeenes 13 Using the stethoscope function ceeec cece eeceeceeceeceeceeeeeeaes 14 Measurement techniques always included C 1 C 2 Measurement techniques always included Measurement techniques always included Leonova is always programmed for an unlimited use of the measurement techniques listed below Other diagnostic and analytic functions for shock pulse measurement vibration measurement and rotor balancing are user selected A A A Speed Shock Vibration Temperature pulse User defined Measurement techniques always included are e Speed measurement RPM e Shock pulse measurement HDm HDc and or
4. A 26 General instrument functions Leonova Emerald E afle m 3 O a Read Pressure C Om 3 Exhaust fan a Previous Next File information Delete Rename File information File size 108 5 KB 5 i SD card 47 5 MB free 1 GB total List of icons BL ERROVE ME R NOELS D 1 Go to main function FILE 2 A file e g a measuring round 1 Go to main function SPEED 2 A speed measurement 1 Go to main function SPM 2 SPM dBm dBc and LR HR measurement Go to main function VIBRATION Go to main function TEMPERATURE Go to main function BALANCING Go to instrument SETTINGS Language selection for Leonova screen texts Transducer register Open default files for measuring techniques Available functions Set disply brightness Set time for sleep mode and power off Communication with PC CondID measuring point identification Create new Edit Keyboard for input of text and numbers Manual input of measuring results Vibration measurement ISO 10816 Vibration measurement ISO 2372 Quick mode Component Measuring point m Fe El Fe a Fis ri Eri hs Se ece rez kK S HD Enveloping measurement SPM HD measurement SPM LR HR HD measurement SPM Spectrum measurement Transducer Line Test Vibration measurement EVAM FFT Show measuring point data Browse through measurements Show measuring results Show measuri
5. Applied balancing weight window is optional It will appear in the balancing log file Information for the log optional input In case you used the proposed weight and position press Copy to log 1 to input the data iTicati u wi w cli In the Verification measurement window click Measure to check vibration after balancing mea lex E Previous Next Single plane 4 runs Verification measurement 2 54 m s2 Measure Verification measurement returns the vibration value no weight calculation for the log file Previous Spectrum F 16 Rotor balancing Finish the balancing job To close and save a balancing job press BACK 1 The display shows three alternatives 2 e Save changes and close after entering a file name 3 this function saves the balancing work in a file which will be stored in the File menu 4 see below e Save changes if you are working in an existing file and have done additional readings on the machine this alternative will save the result but not close the file Single plane 4 runs Verification measurement 2 54 m s Measure e Close without saving closes the function without saving any data Save changes and close Save changes Close without saving Save as Enter name Fan 123 pqrs g Sserc Enter Confirm Shift Left Right Change TAB abc
6. D 8 Shock pulse measurement TRA79 Shock pulse transducer with quick connector 44000 Shock pulse transducer TRA78 Shock pulse transducer with probe CAB 80 a Measuring cable BNC TNC slip on 1 5 m TRC100 DuoTech accelerometer with quick connector SLC144 DuoTech accelerometer for permanent installation Equipment for shock pulse measurement Headphones The headphones allow you to listen to the shock pulse pattern and is helpful for verifying and tracing the shock pulse sources Three types of earphones are available e Headphone in ear defenders EAR12 headset with cable e Headphone in ear defenders for helmet EAR13 with cable e Headphone in ear defenders with neck band EAR15 with cable Headphones are connected to Leonova s input output connector on the right hand side of the instrument Headset Headset with microphone for recording of vocal comments EAR16 are connected to Leonova s input output connector on the right hand side of the instru ment e Headset in ear defenders with microphone EAR16 with cable e Headset in ear defenders with microphone for helmet EAR17 with cable e Headset in ear defenders with microphone and neck band EAR18 with cable EAR12 eadphones g with fixed i cable EAR16 Headset with fixed cable emi cm ht aaa amm rac EAR17 AN 0 Headset jA A with fixed cable ie F ayy
7. IMPORTANT Always upgrade the Service Program and Condmaster to the latest version when upgrading the Leonova MMI software It is critical that the software are in sync with each other The Service program version numbers will always follow Condmaster version numbers and the two will always be released together The latest versions of the Service Program and Leonova MMI software can be downloaded from the SPM homepage www spminstrument com Under Downloads open SPM Software and Leonova Diamond Emerald Download the file LeonovaDiamondAndEmerald swp to your PC To upgrade the Leonova software Open Communication on the instru ment Connect Leonova to the PC Service Program version 2016 001 Oo Start the Leonova Service program on Check for Uadaiss the PC Select Upgrade software on instrument Input the path to the file LeonovaDiamondAndEmerald swp and click CONTINUE Settings Filename LeonovaDiamondAndEmerald swp ans Af Continue X Cancel To load a new or updated language file select Transfer language file to instrument Language files translated for an older software version may cause some text elements in the pro gram to fall back to english language Please contact your local SPM representative for an updated language file IIf General instrument functions A 23 Safety copies of Leonova files The Leonova Service program is al
8. View sum mary measurement results can be erased and measured again B 16 General measurement functions Measure all Connect the following transducers VIB 1 Measuring technique s SPM dBm dBe 100 Orders 1600 Lin Ww 1600 Lines 3 71 280 A207 01 1 Motorlager 1 u 1000 Hz Env 500 W amp 1000 Hz Meeting La 10000 Hz 2 Measuring a View summary wa 40 000 A723 01 1 Motorl 1 K4200 Conditional measurements In conjunction with SPM HD measurements condi tions can be set up in Condmaster see the Cond master User Guide Conditions are used to ensure that measurement is completed only if the HDm reading was above a user defined limit If an SPM HD measuring assignment has a condition associated with it the hint FFT on limit gt 1 is displayed This condition means that a full SPM HD measurement including FFT will only be completed if the initial HDm reading equals or exceeds the limit value After measurement a blue box 2 signifies a suc cessfully completed measurement although not yet saved whereas a grey check mark 3 indicates that the condition for this measuring assignment was not met and the measurement therefore aborted To override conditions for an SPM HD measure ment mark the measuring assignment and press ENTER Under FFT calculation press ENTER and select OFF 4 General measurement functions B 17 R 001 01 gij Raw Mill Inpu
9. should be ON 4 12V Supply OFF When Leonova is connected to a stroboscope the setting of Transducer type 3 is normally set to Transducer type NPN Some types of stroboscopes require the setting PNP The setting of 12V Supply should be NPN 3 OFF 4 Key Phasor When Leonova is connected to a Key Phasor for rom measurements the setting of Transducer type is Key Phasor 12V Supply 4 should be OFF 4 Max RPM 150000 Min RPM 10 Max speed 150000 Manual input Min spee 10 For manual input of speed press ENTER and input Unit of spray RPM the speed via the keyboard window Number of oy 1 0000 ON Factor 4 1 0000 Max fluctu 20 Transducer Remote Transducer type PNP OFF C 6 Measurement techniques always included Temperature measurement The SPM laser tachometer IR temperature probe TTP 10 is used for temperature measurements in the range of 20 to 300 C 4 to 572 F Meas uring accuracy is 2 5 C The probe has an infrared sensor that allows you to accurately measure the temperature of a surface without having to come in contact with it The probe is connected via the spiral cable to the RPM input on Leonova It is power supplied by the Instrument Keep the protective adapter on the probe when the probe is not used To measure move the laser point so that it is on the area to be measured and press the M S key Make su
10. 20 to 300 C 4 to 572 F 25 C SPM TTP 10 Filter volume and gain Shock pulse and vibration transducers Shock pulse method SPM HDm HDc Measuring range Resolution Accuracy Input data Output quantity 30 to 110 dBsv with transducer type 44000 0 2 dB 1dB rom plus bearing type and shaft diameter or ISO bearing number maximum value HDm carpet value HDc evaluated green yellow red Shock pulse method SPM HD Expert Additional function to Output quantity Spectrum lines Measuring time Symptom enhance ment factor Symptom recognition HDm HDc LR HR Time signal HD SPM HD Spectrum HD Order tracking 400 800 1600 3200 6400 12800 1 to 10000 rev default same as FFT Off 1 10 Default off bearing frequencies and optional patterns highlighted in the spectrum Automatic config of bearing symptoms linked to ISO bearing no Shock pulse method dBm dBc Measuring range Resolution Accuracy Measuring time Input data Output 9 to 99 dBsv 1 dB 1 dB 1 5 sek rom shaft diameter or ISO bearing number maximum value dBm carpet value dBc evaluated green yellow red peak value audible shock pulse signal earphones Shock pulse method LR HR Measuring range Resolution Accuracy Measuring time Input data Output SPM Spectrum Additional function to Frequency range Spectrum lines Meas windows Spe
11. Only the provided battery charger may be used with the Leonova Battery Adapter SPM 16644 gt a AC adapter General instrument functions A 5 Start Check battery status Leonova is started with the ON OFF key The display will shut down when not used within 10 minutes de fault setting and the Leonova goes to sleep mode Leonova Emerald By pressing the ON OFF key the Leonova immedi _ __ a amm ately will go to sleep mode To leave sleep mode at and resume work in the last position press the ON MMI Version 7 01 EMU OFF key FW Version 1 00 DSF Version 1 00 POWER OFF is automatic when not used within 30 e Copyright C 2002 2015 minutes default setting SPM Instrument AB License number 1853 Serial number 1 Package number 2 Times for power off and sleep mode can be changed under MENU Settings see later in this chapter A battery status icon is placed in the upper right corner Patents Close About Leonova MMI Version 7 01 EMU FW Version 1 00 The file About Leonova contains important infor oe mation on the software status SPM Copyright C 2002 2015 SPM Instrument AB The license number and serial number belongs to License number 1853 the instrument All upgrades concerning program Serial number 1 versions and functions are connected with it The a le package number is a running number of update operations When ordering new fun
12. measurement should cover at least 10 shaft revolutions and preferably 50 revolutions which is the default setting The time required to complete a measuring cycle can be calculated as 50 X 60 RPM Acquisition time 0 0 115 2 seconds FFT calculation This setting means that a full SPM HD measurement including FFT will be saved Inout upper frequency in orders and number of spectrum lines Under Save select Time signal and FFT Full soectrum or Condition parameters to be saved with the measurement Symptom enhancement factor The Symptom enhancement factor 4 is used to improve the signal to noise ratio For applications with little electronic noise and few mechanical shock phenomena this factor can be kept low 0 5 Where noise and random shocks are frequently occurring it is recommended that the Symptom enhancement factor be set to 5 10 However you should be aware that the higher this factor the longer the measurement cycle The Y axis unit in spectrum and time signal is HDesv when symptom enhancement is used Time synchronous averaging To achieve greater accuracy when measuring gear damages one can order the average result from a stated number measurements To get a time synchronous average a tachometer must be connected which supplies a trigger pulse This starts each measurement with the shaft in the same position Trigger selection When measuring on variable speed machines an RPM
13. to Yes Settings for SPM Spectrum are described on page D 33 LR HR HD The LR HR technique takes advantages from the SPM HD technique provided that both techniques are active in the Leonova The LR HR HD technique utilizes the SPM HD algorithms for time signals and spectrums Input data for the FFT calculation is the same as for SPM HD see page D 16 Shock pulse measurement D 31 Measuring LR HR and LR HR HD From the measurement window the instrument can be set up to perform a transducer quality line test TLO before measurement Press the ENTER key to enable or disable the TLO test 1 TLO Transducer Line Quality is described on page D 17 When the MEASURE SAVE M S key is pressed Leonova samples the transducer signal for two seconds if ACCUM is set to 1 When ACCUM is higher it will continue to measure for the stated number of times and return an average of all measurements taken The resulting LR and HR value is displayed in the Measuring window together with the status dot For a normalized measurement LUB COND and CODE are shown to the right 2 When Variable speed is active the rom must be measured before measuring the shock values Please note that LR and HR values are always raw values measured in dBsv the unit for unnormalized shock values For normalized measurements LUB is displayed with CODE A and B COND is displayed with CODE B C and D The Measuring results windo
14. Please note that cursor number 1 in the lower figure also matches the symptom Bearing BPFI This shows that the symptom is configured to look for multiples of the basic pattern More about symptoms overleaf B 24 General measurement functions Spectrum G D 200 02 Middle bearing i 50 Orders 800 Lin MJ 205 SKF BPFI 2013 01 15 10 50 05 4 Matched value 242 782 HDesy 7 Orders j amp D 200 02 Middle bearing i 50 Orders 800 Lin 2013 01 15 10 50 05 4 Matched value 142 98 HDesy 14 Orders A I I Z I I I I I I Cursor A Cursor B larmonics roboscop The F1 Measuring result key opens a window with further options for the spectrum window use the UP DOWN arrow keys to select a symptom 1 for display and the function keys F1 Previous result and F2 Next result to toggle between measuring results Symptoms are instructions to search for and highlight spectrum lines or groups of spectrum lines that are typical for certain machine faults Their purpose is to point out the significant data contained in the spectrum Symptoms are selected and configured when the measuring point is created in Condmaster They are downloaded with the measuring round The only fac tor added in Leonova is normally the machine speed unless the measuring point is configured with a fixed rom which it should not be when spectra are measured For aspectrum the list of symptoms shows the sympto
15. The Pseudo Tac function is described in the CondmasterUser Guide The live spectrum display 2 in the Meas uring window can be changed to show time signal by pressing Shift F1 After measuring vibration Leonova will display three main condition parameters DISP VEL and ACC as RMS Peak or Peak to Peak Units for the displayed parameters are selected under Time signal unit when defining the assignment under Measuring point data SHIFT F3 The status dots 3 are grey because there are no evaluation criteria for EVAM assignments set up in Leonova Press F1 to see the full list of condition param eters 4 in the measuring result window To delete a measuring result press F1 previous or F2 next to select result and then press F3 to delete 2013 01 10 11 42 30 CREST 3 096 B SCEEEOEEEE Previous Next i result Measuring Ga Gearbox Al L amp 1000 00 Hz 1600 lines 0 3 622 mm s RPM 8315 7 Measure 1000 Hz 1600 lines g uk o ACC RMS 14 36 m s2 VEL RMS 5 55 mm s DISP RMS 14 11 pm RPM VIB 1 5G 1000 Hz 1600 lines Qo O Speed o bie 1000 Hz 1600 lines Yo Measurinc Graphics Spectrum Time sign KURT 0 023 SKEW 0 015 62 41 NL2 um s 31 77 NL3 um s 4 19 20 NL4 um s 15 97 VEL Peak mm s 18 57 VEL Peak to peak mm 36 93 10 Unbalance mm s 0 52 result Delete res Vibration meas
16. a Miz di MCU nN EAR18 Headset with fixed cable Shock pulse measurement D 9 Transducer with quick connector The choice of transducer type depends on how the measuring point is prepared For systematic shock pulse monitoring SPM recommends the use of installed adapters and the quick connect transducer wherever possible All three types of shock pulse transducers are connected to Leonova s SPM connector 1 DuoTech accelerometer with quick connector The DuoTech accelerometer with quick connector TRC10 is connected to Leonova s VIB connector B via measuring cable CAB82 The accelerometer fits all standard SPM measuring adapters and measures shock pulse and vibration in combination Adapters are solid metal bolts of different lengths and thread sizes tuned for correct signal transmission They are installed in threaded countersunk mounting holes on the bearing housings Glue on adapters are available To attach a transducer with quick connector press it against the adapter and twist clockwise Twist counter clockwise to remove it Check that installed transducers and adapters are properly mounted according to the SPM installation instructions and in good condition You cannot expect a useful signal by attaching the quick connect transducer to a rusty lump of metal or from a transducer that is rolling on the floor on the other side of a partition Adapter surfaces must be clean and plane
17. ing techniques with one command 15 Measuring assignments techniques 16 Measuring assignment measured and up loaded at least once present status in Cond master 17 Measuring assignment measured and up loaded at least once no condition status or no alarm limit defined in Condmaster Open close measuring point folders with RIGHT LEFT arrow keys The function bar shows actions controlled through the function keys F1 to F4 The functions available will vary with different modes The SHIFT key is used to provide alternate functions in the function bar General measurement functions B 13 Measurement window before saving The measurement is started by connecting the transducer and pressing the MEASURE SAVE M S key or selecting the Measure all command press function key F1 The measuring result 1 is displayed in the measurement field A and the status is shown by a larger status icon 2 on top of the alternatives At this stage the measuring result is not yet saved a fact indicated by a small blue box The alterna tives are to save it now or repeat the measurement To measure repeatedly without saving in between press the M S key down for 2 seconds Leonova Emerald i aa 5 019 02 DB Le El motor DS E O ee dBm20 x e 1 Save measurement T i gt eh dBc 7 Aea SPM Spectrum Measure all Read CondID Press ENTER for settings Write to CondID S 019 02 El motorDS m Akini El motor M l Measu
18. loose bolts etc For all methods the run without trial weight supplies the value for V the initial machine vibration Single plane 4 runs 3 Previous Next Single plane 4 runs V0 9 90 m s Mt 5 0 q V1 19 00 m s4 V2 12 00 m s V3 8 00 m s2 Press measure VO First measurement without test weight To get good balancing results most vibration should be caused by unbalance check spectrum line at 1X Pa 5 1 Previous Next Spectrum Spectrum amp Balancing VO Lit 50 Hz Unbalance 7013 01 16 16 71 44 0 2 272 m s A 1 148 m s 21 9375 Hz Hz CPM C Zoom Cursor Rotor balancing F 11 Trial weight calculation The trial weight must be large enough to create Single plane 4 runs an unbalance but not so heavy as to create dangerous vibrations VO 9 90 m s o 0n m e To edit the test weight press the F3 function be es mys Edi eas V2 12 00 m s key Edit test weight and use Leonova to calculate a suitable weight 1 The input data Edit Test weight are the approximate weight of the rotor and Manual input its diameter VY ETUTIL U TE LE WY ETUTTL I with Calculate test weight before Input the mass of the trial weight with the applying number pad 2 z m Cancel Speed RPM 1500 Max weight 2g F 12 Rotor balancing Run s with trial weight The position where the trial weight is attached automatically becomes the 0 p
19. ment i Transducers Balancing select ounce counter rotational de w Language grees and output unit ACC VEL DISP GB Fonts G Create default settings Screen Adjust brightness j Ge Function and use Power saving Adjust time for sleep mode and automatic power off e Date time Adjust when needed e Tansducers Register your transducer s Attention All values must be taken from the trans ducer s calibration card e Language Choose among available languages e Fonts Select text presentation e Create default files Creates the initial files needed to use the measuring functions e Function and use Shows available functions A 10 General instrument functions General settings The files under Settings cannot be moved re named or deleted Select with UP DOWN arrow keys open with ENTER General settings has its own menu bar 1 Select tab 1 with F1 F2 Move in the list with the UP DOWN arrow keys mark unmark with ENTER Marking the box 2 changes from mm to inch acceleration in g from C to F and from Hz Hertz cycles per second to CPM cycles per minute similar to rom Marking a dB mode 3 will change the y scale to decibell European standard US Navy standard Custom When Large icons 4 is not marked files are listed as shown above 5 Use temporary file will save the round temporary while saving Preview live spectrum will
20. none No Remote DuoTech DuoTech SPM VIB ACC 10 10000 Yes 9 0 14 0 3 0 measuring result in Condmaster To calculate anew COMP number select COMP press Edit F1 and select Calculate on next reading Perform a new measurement When saving both the new and the old number is displayed When transferring to Condmaster you have the option to accept the new or retain the previous COMP number RPM Trigger When measuring on variable speed machines an RPM trigger can be used to determine when to start a measurement ensuring that it is carried out at an appropriate speed The RPM trigger can be used on applications where useful readings can be obtained only within a limited RPM range such as in cranes RPM trigger 9 can be set to RPM run up or RPM run down RPM run up means Leonova will initiate the measurement then wait for the machine to speed up to the level input under Trigger level before it starts recording the signals With RPM run down Leonova waits for RPM to slow down to the Trigger level setting Under Delay time you can specify a number of seconds during which Leonova will delay the start of measurement This setting is optional SPM Spectrum An SPM spectrum measurement can be carried out along with the LR HR measurement It is measured in addition to the ordinary shock values Mark the SPM Spectrum row 10 Press ENTER and set SPM Spectrum
21. 9 WIS TPUMOTIT Settings sesssisiessner rrine inisi 10 generi Sorig err anen EEA 11 S ee UN E ETE EEE TT 13 Register transducers ssssssssssesessrseseesesesererseseseeseseseeseseeo 14 Detault transducers ausesasrednindscoene coaeahserapnsenesneamnicnabrcusesthaanads 15 User defined transducers x iacinisecdeciecswssunosneciansencasomnsdsbesaninndaaw 16 Edit e Ad nO E e hearer Tne eaten a rere 17 Select language erein EE een nen ee RAN 18 Change font size and Style vacetncsmesinectnseadeiagoserendesotatenentideose 18 Create measurement files s o osnsesosssesessrsesessrsesesersrsesesse 19 F me ionan U Opa r 19 Oder TAR S Er E E E E 20 Maintenance and repair ssssssssesssesesesererersrsesesesesesesesesesessese 21 Replacement of Protection foil 16686 cece cee ec eee eee es 21 Procedure for replacing or Moving Wrist Strap ccceeeeeeees 21 COMMUNICATION with the PC cicds cacrncessd aun escsecsrsranunds eoosoeae eceuas 22 LSONOVA SErVICES DOOM AIM wuiscncn dnossenseeyauivesanndnercqumentsedeeeeanees 22 Upgrade LEGnOVa software vecvcacohccetnsdeccadssnsocbemescttcaeaimecdvates 23 Safety c pies Of LEOnOVa Til CS xcegiec te ses innn nen 24 Reload safety copies of Leonova files ccecceccecceeeeeeeeeees 25 Upload and download files to PC cece ecceec ese eeeeeeeeenees 25 File management in Leonova cccceteccencsteecesessiveensvsedecipaicucdaoese 26 ETOT ICON ea E E acme 27 Technical specification Secssiciessien ei
22. F1 Fan NDE Measure all Set comment Shift F2 re w Cf All comments lt VIB Horizontal mgo Recording W VIB Axial go Next measuring point I G L 041 41 Drying cylinder 41 O Measure all Measurinc Graphics asar Default files Files configured in Condmaster 1 Select a file technique menu 1 Select a file FILE menu 2 Open the file 2 Open the file and select a measuring point Open Measuring point data 3 Connect the transducer e Edit Measuring point data all parameters 4 Press the MEASURE SAVE M S key to start e Close Measuring point data the measurement Press MEASURE SAVE M S 3 Connect the transducer again to save the measuring result To measure 4 Press the MEASURE SAVE M S key to start at O i ie og press ne the measurement Press MEASURE SAVE M S SYA T E eee See l l needed again to save the measuring result To measure repeatedly without saving in between pressthe 5 To remove unwanted results go to MENU gt M S key down for 2 seconds Set a comment if Measuring results gt Delete result F3 needed 6 Close the file with MENU gt Close with or 5 To remove unwanted results go to MENU gt without saving Measuring results gt Delete result F3 6 Close the file with MENU gt Close which closes the default file without saving or use Save as to save it as a user new default file B 12 General measurement func
23. Reload safety copies of Leonova files To reload a safety copy Reload all files e Connect Leonova to the PC i i Warning All files in the instrument will be deleted before reloading all e Open Communication on the instru files ment Continue e Start the Leonova Service program on the PC vo cet e Select Reload safety copy e Select the file to be loaded click OPEN e Select Reload all files or Reload single file All files will erase the present files test temperatur 1 6 KB on Leonova Continue with YES when you Ir hr och spm spectrum 23 5 KB get the warning For Single file you get 5 Grinder 55 5 KB X Cancel a file list where you make your selection 1 194agersmaskin 108 5KB oo and click OK test mA 1 2 KB spm spektrum dbm dbc 23 6 KB F raffi 180 0 KB 2 rpm test 1 2 KB Test V 1 3KB Upload and download files to PC Files are uploaded downloaded to PC ee Uploaded Files 5 usually when Condmaster not IS available C Users qunnarrunesjo sDesktop U ploaded Files e Folder Up Upload From Instrument To upload a file from Leonova ae PRE ETE HH102 B 20 01 2015 11 46 34 e Connect Leonova to the PC and set the g oa mai ua ae Create Folder instrument in Communication mode 2 mptoz8 Move To Folder HH MPIO2B Copy File To Clipboard e Start the Service Program on the PC HH102B Windows Explorer e Select
24. Spectrum are described on page D 33 SPM dBm dBc Variable speed Shaft diameter mm 50 0 Measure RPM simultaneously Yes RPM trigger Trigger type RPM run up RPM trigger Trigger level RPM 100 RPM trigger Delay time sec 0 SPM Spectrum No Transducer Portable Tre Name SPM 40000 42000 44000 Tre Input Type SPM SPM dBm dBc Variable speed Shaft diameter mm 50 0 Measure RPM simultaneously Yes RPM trigger Triggerthype none SPM Spectrum a Yes Order tracking Yes Frequency upper Orders 5 0 Window Hanning FFT type Linear No of spectrum lines 3200 Save Peaks No of peaks to save 50 SPM spectrum type Symptom SL Average type FFT Linear Average count 1 Zoom centre frequency Orders Transducer Portable Tre Name SPM 40000 42000 44000 Tre Input Type SPM Shock pulse measurement D 21 Measuring SPM dBm dBc From the measurement window the instrument can be set up to perform a transducer quality line test TLO before measurement Press the ENTER key to enable or disable the TLO test 1 TLO Transducer Ae Line Quality is described on page D 17 d Bc When the MEASURE SAVE M S key is pressed Measurement settings Leonova samples the transducer signal for two seconds A preliminary result is displayed in the measurement window The dBm shown is the ampli aw Te 4 SPM Spectrum tude value of the strongest shock pulse registered during the measuring time Meanwhile Leonova keeps measuring If
25. Uploaded Files and press Upload From Instrument x Close e Mark a file in the Select Round File window and press OK to transfer the file LRF to the PC e You can organize the uploaded files by moving them into folders e Press Windows Explorer or Copy File To Clipboard to make a copy of the file e To download a file to Leonova select file and press Download To Instru ment General instrument functions A 25 File management in Leonova The File menu contains all user created measurement files with one exception The file Communication 1 is a system file which cannot be renamed or deleted The default files for single measurement functions remain on their function menu unless you save them as a user created file under another name This puts them as new files 2 onto the File menu Files downloaded from Condmaster also get onto the File menu They are marked with a measuring round icon 3 To open a file select the file with the arrow keys and press ENTER For file management mark the file and press SHIFT F2 This opens a menu from where you can delete or rename the marked file and see the file information 4 Select File informa tion Press ENTER to open the info window All user created files are stored on Leonova s built in SD card File information allows you to check the file size 5 and free memory on the SD card
26. Use an adapter cap to protect them A CondID tag an RFID identification tag can be hung on the adapter cap CondID is a contact free memory tag used for measuring point recognition It should not be mounted flat against a metal surface A distance of min 3 mm between metal surfaces and CondID is recommended CondID responds to a recognition signal when Leonova is held close to the tag It contains all basic data for its measuring point If the measuring point is already loaded in Leonova it will be displayed else it will be added to those in the data logger memory Signal transmission Adapter cap Identification tag CondID D 10 Shock pulse measurement Permanently installed transducers terminal A permanently installed transducer and a measuring terminal BNC or TNC connector are used when the bearing cannot be reached directly Use a measuring cable to connect Leonova to the terminal The terminal cabinet SPM 14318 can receive up to 16 coaxial cables from shock pulse and vibration transducers The cabinet is made of stainless steel and has protection class IP66 Transducers for permanent installation are available with different thread sizes and in three types e Series 44000 for cable length max 100 m and temperature max 150 C e Series 40000 for cable length max 4 m and temperature max 150 C e Series 42000 for cable length max 100 m and temperature max 100 C DuoTech fo
27. axis 3 is marked with the measuring unit for spectrum line amplitude and with the range For default measuring assignments which are not part of a measuring round downloaded from Cond master the spectrum type unit can be changed by pressing the MENU key while in the measurement window and selecting Measuring point data If there are known disturbances e g from surrounding equipment the Spectrum enhancement func tion can be activated in Condmaster in order to obtain a clearer view of the relevant signals in the spec trum Using this function spectrum lines related to a certain source of disturbance can be excluded or interesting spectrum areas highlighted When Spectrum enhancement is activated in Condmaster it can be turned on or off in the Leonova spectrum window under MENU gt Spectrum enhancement 4 Zoom options become available by pressing F1 Zoom While in zoom mode use MENU or SHIFT to select a suitable zoom option The spectrum can be zoomed along its X axis with the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys Pressing F2 Cursor 5 displays options for cursors harmonics and stroboscope Holding down the SHIFT key while in the cursor menu displays sideband options To display symptoms press SHIFT F4 in the spectrum window B 22 General measurement functions Spectrum functions Regarding display and available functions there is no difference between a vibration spectrum and an SPM spectrum The spe
28. be opened to add more measurements Enter name Temperature oxidized iron Ca jkl mno pars tuv wxyz Uadoia TUT EEY Enter Confirm Shift Left Right Change TAB 3 Bala ncing Communication Gearbox test no 2 Grinder no 3 eee oxidized iron a 3 Previous Next General measurement functions B 7 Multi measurement user files Further measuring techniques can be added to a single measurement user file after it has been saved under a name and appears in the FILE window Press ENTER to open the file Press the MENU key and select Add technique 1 This opens the Add technique window 2 listing every default file saved on the various measuring technique tabs Mark a measuring technique and press the ENTER or F1 key to select it The name of the new measuring technique will be added below the existing ones in the measuring window 3 amp Grinder no 3 HG Grinder no 3 ve Grinder no 3 Measure all SPM dBm dBe P SPM HD Qo oo Qt 7ean o 4 Next measuring point Aeasuring Graphics Spectrum ime signz To get the correct measuring point data for all measuring techniques under the same measuring point you can configure and save the default file before you add more techniques Alternatively edit the measuring point data for each technique in the new user file Save it under a new name if you want to keep the original user file To measure vibration or shock p
29. classes 2 3 and 4 FY 1802372 RMS pot it wv V VI in s a ee Se Se eS ee Class 2 Medium size machines without special foundations Class 3 Large machines on rigid foun dations Class 4 Large machines on soft foun dations TH For example most smaller process pumps in a chemical plant would be Class 2 A 100 kW fan on a concrete foundation would be Class 3 However the same fan fastened to the less rigid metal deck of a ship could be considered as Class 4 Class 1 refers to independent parts of machines for example electric motors up to 15 kW Classes 5 and 6 are used for heavy reciprocating prime movers and machines which are intended to vibrate such as vibrating screens Leonova is programmed with the ISO limit values and will evaluate the measuring result provided the ISO machine class number is input under Measuring point data On the instrument the ISO values for good and acceptable are shown as green Just tolerable is yellow unacceptable is red C 10 Measurement techniques always included Definition of machine classes according to ISO 2372 The following text is a quotation from ISO 2372 1974 E page 6 Annex A This ISO Recommenda tion has also been published as British Standard BS 4675 part A similar vibration classification of industrial machinery can be found in VDI 2056 In order to show how the recommended method of classification may be applied examples of specific c
30. coaxial cable Connect Leonova to the measuring terminal with a slip on measuring cable e Standard transducer series 44000 used with Leonova Diamond and online system Intellinova Compact Max cable length is 100 metres and max temperature 150 C e Standard transducer type 40000 for cable length up to 4 metres Max temperature 150 C e Transducer with TMU type 42000 for cable length up to 100 metres Max temperature 100 C e Measuring cable CAB80 BNC TNC slip on 1 5 meter Standard transducers and measuring cables are connected to Leonova s rightmost input connector in the front of the instrument DuoTech accelerometers Dual Technology The DuoTech accelerometer is a single transducer solution used for vibration or shock pulse measure ments or both in combination e DuoTech with quick connector TRC100 for use with permanently installed measuring adapters Connect the DuoTech via the measuring cable CAB82 e DuoTech for permanent installation SLC144 Permanently installed DuoTech accelerometers are mounted in a countersunk mounting holes identical to holes normally used by shock pulse transducers The accelerometer has 2 pin connector and is connected to Leonova or a measuring terminal via twisted pair cable DuoTech is connected to the VIB Input on Leonova Note For measurements with low dBi HDi low rom or small bearings the quick connector or permanently installed transducer is recommended
31. complete with all input data for any or all of the supported measuring techniques For instructions see the Working with Condmaster Ruby user guide Downloaded measuring rounds are placed in the FILE window 1 To measure mark the file and press the ENTER key to open or press MENU gt Open 2 Measuring rounds cannot be renamed in Leonova because Condmaster needs the original round name as an identifier After uploading a measuring round back to Cond master it can be deleted from Leonova 3 If you keep it in the instrument it will be overwritten next time you download the same measuring round from the PC Components and measuring points in downloaded measuring rounds are shown in the order they were arranged in Condmaster All the operator has to do is connect the appropriate transducer and use the Leonova MEASURE SAVE M S key to obtain and save the measurements In Condmaster the components and measuring points contained in a measuring round can be organized under labels 4 to create a logical structure and improve measuring route efficiency Mark a component and press SHIFT UP DOWN to move between components 5 and mark a meas uring point or label to jump to next view To add a technique to a measuring point press MENU gt Add technique 6 This technique will be automatically saved as part of the measuring point in Condmaster A new measuring point can also be added to a meas uring
32. condition Shock pulse measurement D 27 The LUB number The most important influence on the service life of a bearing is the lubricant film between the load carrying rolling elements and the raceway By preventing or inhibiting metallic contact between the loaded bearing parts the lubricant film reduces the local peak stress in the rolling interface The greater the lubricant film thickness the more even the load distribution in the contact area and the better the fatigue life of the bearing Irregularities in the bearing surfaces will always cause pressure variations in the contact area and thus shock pulses even when metallic contact is prevented by a separating lubricant film A thinner film will result in an increase of the bearing s HR value The LUB No displayed with CODE A and B is directly proportional to oil film thickness LUB No 0 means dry running condition The interpretation of LUB Nos between 1 and 4 depends on the bearing type For ball bearings LUB Nos greater than 2 mean full lubrication a load carrying oil film For roller bearings a LUB No greater than 4 indicates full lubrication The term boundary lubrication implies that part of the load is carried by metal to metal contact The amount of lubricant in or supplied to the bearing is only one of the many factors that determine lubricant film thickness Lubricant type and the bearing s rom are of great importance but also the geometry of b
33. cover is fastened directly to the motor shield which is also the bearing housing 2 One of the cover s holding screws can be replaced by an adapter with lock nut Bearing housings beneath brackets Consult machine drawings and identify the bearing EE housing before selecting a measuring point ee A In a pump the bearings can be placed in two separate housings inside the bearing bracket 3 Measuring point B placed below and opposite to the pump outlet because of the load direction can be reached with a long adapter through an opening in the pump shield The bearing pair at measuring point A can be reached Wie eece with a long adapter through a clearance hole in the i Leior bracket The hole must be large enough to allow bearing adjustment and still prevent metallic contact between bracket and adapter D 6 Shock pulse measurement Multiple bearings in one housing If there are several bearings in the same housing they are normally treated as a single bearing In the bearing arrangement for a vertical pump 4 it is not possible to distinguish between the shock pulses from the paired bearings in point 1 There is also a risk for cross talk between point 1 and point 2 which means that the shock pulses from the bearing in worst condition are picked up in both points Check signal strength with the probe Use one measuring point only if readings are identical in both points This point x can be placed ha
34. def g i character os need Leonova Emerald Open an existing file from the File menu by choosing it and press ENTER The display shows two alternatives 5 e Open existing measurement makes it possible to edit data in the file The changes will be stored in the same file e New verification measurement opens the file paper iapa and when a new measurement is done this New verification measurement will be saved in a new file Opens existing balancing file 3 Previous Next Cancel Rotor balancing F 17 Create report To print out or save a balancing report do the following e Connect Leonova to the PC e Start the Leonova Service Program and select Balancing report 1 e Select a balancing file saved under the FILE menu and press OK e To print out the report select printer number of copies etc under the Print out menu You can write comments and a header to be added on the report 2 e To save the report as a document select Excel file or Word file 3 e Write your own comments 4 to be printed in the report F 18 Rotor balancing Balancing report 1 Alignment report Time signal recording Load function credits to instrument Check for Updates Upgrade software on instrument Transfer language file to instrument Uploaded Files safety Copy Reload Safety Copy Exit Settings Leonova Emerald Printer Microsoft XPS Docum
35. downloading in measuring rounds Select the EVAM technique and press ENTER to make a new assignment Press SHIFT F3 to open Measuring point data Set Frequency lower to 20 Hz and Frequency upper to 80 Hz common area for motor current analysis 1 Press F1 Edit to change the values Press F1 OK to save the setting Time signal unit and Spectrum unit must be set to User defined 2 Input User defined name and User defined unit 3 NB The name and unit must be exactly the same as the name and unit set in the transducer register You will find the name and unit in the lower part of the window 4 Recommended settings for the spectrum param eters 5 are Hanning Window Linear FFT type 1600 Spectrum lines Average count 4 and Save time signal and FFT The transducer setting Portable selects the default transducer The transducer data become editable after you switch Transducer 6 from Portable to Remote Save and close the settings window with F4 Press the M S key and then F1 to start the measurement After measuring Leonova will display the meas uring results in ampere peak and peak to peak values 7 You can choose spectrum type zoom functions time signal and other graphical functions with the funktion keys See Spectrum functions in part B of this manual To save the measuring result pr
36. measured emissivity with RIGHT LEFT arrow keys Paint Black body Iron rusted Iron oxidized Aluminium unoxidized Aluminium oxidized Lead oxidized Brass polished Brass oxidized Copper rough polished Copper black oxidized Press F1 Continue or ENTER to stop read ing Save the result with the M S key To see or delete measurement s before sav ing press F1 Measuring result 4 to see the result window Press SHIFT F2 to set a de fault comment or link a voice recording to the result See Chapter B Comments Press F2 to go to graphics see Chapter B Graphics To save the result press MENU and select Save as Select Save a file and input a name via the keyboard window Press ENTER to save For manual input of temperature press ENTER and input the temperature via the keyboard window C 8 Measurement techniques always included Leonova Emerald User defined f 2 User input General settings _ Imperial units mils inch s _ Acceleration in g E _ CPM dB mode OFF all Temperature Temperature amp Temperature Temperature 15 3 C eae Temperature or Temperature es Graphics User defined manual input During a measuring round a reference value of preferred quantity can be saved in rela tion to the other measuring values Leonova Emerald is missing the option for analog signals but there is a
37. of all functions 2 each followed by an icon showing its status E Available functions EJ Not available in this instrument Loaded measuring rounds are shown at the bottom of the list The loading of new functions is described under Leonova service program d General settings Date Time i Transducers Ww Language G Fonts EE Create default settings G9 Function and use Leonova Emerald ale Vibration 2 H AEA 15010816 ISO 2372 1600 lines es Previous Next Function and use fed RPM 49 SPM dBm dBe g SPM LR HR I SPM Spectrum AR VIB i 150 10816 EVAM oy Temperature Checkpoint Gs Single plane 2 runs E SPM HD E SPM HD with FFT Lut SPM LR HR HD lub SPM LR HR HD with FET 006 0660660008 General instrument functions A 19 Order functions After buying Leonova Emerald optional func tions can be ordered from your SPM supplier You will receive the text file Leonova txt It is coded to the instrument s license and also contains a running package number The files have to be loaded in package number order Connect Leonova to the PC and use Load function to instrument to transfer the file contents Platform functions always included e SPM HDm HDc and or SPM LR HR e 1 channel vibration e RMS vibration ISO 2372 e Speed measurement e Temperature measurement e Stethoscope function e Measuring point identification using CondID memory tag
38. order to be able to perform a measurement In the example beside the name Pressure and the unit Bar 5 are the same as for the transducer 6 Baa 1000 Hz 1600 lines gma 1000 00 Hz 1600 lin Pressure Bar Pressure Peak 7 Bar Pressure Peak to peak Bar To edit the transducer data press F3 to open the transducer register When using a User defined transducer the RMS Peak and Peak to peak values are shown in the result window 7 The graphs are displayed in the selected units me signal A 16 General instrument functions Edit text and numbers Change TAB 1 SHIFT LEFT RIGHT Change character line 2 UP DOWN Capitals hold down SHIFT Delete press F4 Confirm press ENTER Select tab 1 with SHIFT LEFT RIGHT ar row keys The tabs corresponds to a set of numbers or alphabetical letters Navigate to the desired character line 2 with UP DOWN arrow keys Press F1 F3 a number of times to obtain the desired character one by one Press ing a function key will type out the first character that it corresponds with e g F1 accesses abc so pressing the F1 key once will type out an a To type a b or ce you have to press the F1 key twice quickly or three times quickly respectively To obtain capital letters hold down the SHIFT key Navigate in the input field 3 with LEFT RIGHT arrow keys You can delete charac ter with F4 To fi
39. reduces signal losses We cannot know for all bearing applications how much of the strength of the bearing signal will reach the measuring point However by necessity we try to apply general evaluation rules i e treat all measured signals as if they were of the same quality The rules for SPM measuring points try to assure that most signals are comparable with sufficient accuracy and that the green yellow red condition zones are valid 1 The signal path between bearing and measuring point shall be as short and straight as possible 2 The signal path must contain only one mechanical interface that between bearing and bearing housing 3 The measuring point shall be located in the load zone of the bearing D 4 Shock pulse measurement XS S S MEAN 2 No interface Measuring point 3 In the load zone of the bearing Measuring points should be located directly on the bearing housing i e the metal that is touching the outer race SPM supplies long adapters and transducers that allow you to reach measuring points beneath covers shields and brackets The signal losses in the two unavoidable interfaces bearing bearing housing and housing adapter have been taken into account in SPM s evaluation of bearing condition The load zone is defined as the load carrying part of the bearing housing It is normally determined by the weight of the supported machine part i e the load is mo
40. restarting the instrument Press ENTER to open the vibration default file 1 Press SHIFT F3 to open Measuring point data Before starting vibration measurements make sure that the vibration transducer you are using with your Leonova is properly selected Default transducers for the vibration techniques are set up via the transducer register Default transducer is the active transducer when Portable transducer is selected under Measuring point data To select a default transducer see Chapter A page 15 The transducer data become editable after you switch Transducer 3 from Portable to Remote Provided you know the transducer s frequency range and its upper and lower bias range you can input the data here The nominal sensitivity of a vibration transducer SLD144 is 10 0 mV m s The actual sensitivity of the individual transducer is written on its calibration card This data should always be input in the trans ducer register When several transducers are in use they should be marked to assure that the readings are calibrated Leonova Emerald 1000 Hz Oe Na ISO 23 72 File information Delete 1000 Hz 1600 lines Variable speed Measure RPM simultaneously Trigger selection Transducer Name Input Type Type Sensitivity mV Max frequency IEPE type Min bias range W Max bias range V Settling time sec lil ISO 10816 Yes no
41. separate driver centrifugal mixed flow or axial flow with rated power above 15 kW ISO 10816 guide Group 4 Pumps with multivane impeller with integrated driver centrifugal mixed flow or axial flow with rated power above 15 kW e ee Large machine with rated power Further criteria for Part 3 are the rigidity of the foundation and Fiep cad took une thie the rotational speed 50 MW electrical machines with shaft height H gt 315 mm Concrete foundations are rigid every thing else falls under flex ible The RPM affects the lower measuring range as well as the limit values Rigid Flexible Please note that correct measurement of very low frequency vibration demands a transducer that is linear down to the stated frequency Abnormally high displacement values can occur when selecting a lower frequency limit that is outside of the trans ducer s range For machines under Part 3 Leonova returns both VEL and DISP Machine condition is determined by the quantity that has the relatively highest measurement results ISO 10816 guide Shaft rotational speed Lower than 600 r min 600 r min or higher ISO 10816 guide Frequency lower DISP RMS AJB 29 00 B C 57 00 C D 90 00 VEL RMS AJB 2 30 B C 4 50 C D 7 10 Press F3 to confirm the settings Vibration measurement E 9 Data for ISO 10816 part 4 Part 4 is limited to Gas turbine driven sets excluding aircraft derivates The stand
42. show spectrum in real time Low resolution warning when the resolution is too low for an accurate result Possible to determine rom from spectrum makes it possible to get the rom by setting out a marker in the spectrum Default FFT calculation for SPM HD is normally selected If turned off it affects all SPM HD and LR HR HD assignments fog General settings We Date Time i gt Transducers W Language i Fonts L Create default settings Ga Function and use General settings QO Wlimperial units mils inchs _ Acceleration in g F _ CPM 3 dB mode OFF a gt Previous Next General settings S 6 8 a Large iconz 4 Use temporary file when saving rounds Preview live spectrum Show theoretical symptoms in live spectrum Low resolution warning Possible to determine npm from spectrum Default FFT calculation for SPM HD amp Previous Next General instrument functions A 11 This selection 1 affects the measure General settings ment window Measuring point name repeats the name ona separate line Mp name on seperate line Mesure All on seperate line Settings for the Measure All function Show t Show Megsure All information dialog Measure All on separate line show Measure All f Open Summary View after Measure All information dialog and open summary view after Display colours in the round tree Measure All meas
43. so even the largest spectrum line is fairly small Switching to a logarithmic scale amplifies the low am plitude values 2 The amplitude unit gets the addition LOG 3 This display form clearly shows that the FFT calculation produces spectrum lines in almost every position most with amplitudes well below 0 002 mm s The two lower screen shots show the same spectrum with the Y scale in dB 4 is scaled according to Euro pean standard and 5 according to US Navy standard Spectrum G R 001 01 Raw Mill Input Shaft Bearing 3 Lis H Acc 0 135 56 dB 2007 06 26 14 49 05 A 134 341 dB 2 1175 Hz Q wa R 001 01 Raw Mill Input Shaft Bearing 3 Lis H Acc O 115 56 dB 2007 06 26 14 49 05 Ar 114 341 dB A amp 17 5 Hz 6 93 275 Hz E Cursor A Cursor B l 96 464 Hz 178 818 Hz E E a Cursor A Cursor B Harmonic Stroboscc B 26 General measurement functions wa R 001 01 Raw Mill Input Shaft Bearing 3 Lis H Acc O 5 995 m s 2007 06 26 14 49 05 A 5 213 m s 117 5 Hz 1000 Hz Zoom Cursor Result Ea amp R 001 01 Raw Mill Input Shaft Bearing 3 lis H Acc 0 001 5 995 m s2 Loa 3 2007 06 26 14 42 05 A Zoom Cursor Result Highlighted symptoms in the spectrum The following examples show different options on the Settings menu and their effect on the spec trum display A Symptoms are not marked in the spectrum all W 100 04 R Roll Po
44. speaker symbol 7 Mark the comment and press F4 Play to listen to a recording The complete list of standard comments contained in Condmaster is downloaded with the measuring rounds and is available when data logging Before download ing the user can select what comments should be downloaded to the instrument and the order in which to show them When measuring with the Leonova default files there are sixteen Default comments 8 to which you can add free text The text Default comment can not be edited In the graphics display comments appear as small squares colour coded in Condmaster on the time line All comments L 019 13 Gear Box Bearing 13 7 JEET B 14 Adjustment 2008 03 04 BTO1 Bump test 2008 02 21 BTO1 Bumn tesi 2007 11 27 Bieta 2007 11 27 From date time 2007 05 21 2007 05 21 date time i 13 Defaut comment 8 Free text Water leakage from condenser pipe B 18 General measurement functions Leonova Emerald Voice recording ils Measuring result Fi Graphics F2 Spectrum F3 Time signal F4 Read CondID Connect CondID to measuring point Disconnect CondID from meas point Alarms Shift F1 Set comment D EEEE a ul nil i R 001 01 Raw Mill Input Shaft Bearing 32252 i Set comment From date time 2013 01 22 11 19 40 To date time 2013 01 29 11 23 33 Max recording
45. the rpm the bearing s mean diameter and its type number The type number defines the bearing geometry and thus the evaluation box with its green yellow red condition zones For all three techniques measuring results indicating bad bearing condition should be verified By comparing shock values on and around the bearing housing and through lubrication tests the operator can make sure that the measured shock pulses originate from the bearing before taking corrective action This verification process is greatly simplified with the SPM Spectrum technique SPM Spectrum A time record of the shock signal is subjected to an FFT Prominent bearing patterns in the resulting spectrum are conclusive evidence that the measured shocks are generated by the bearing Thus the bearing condition data obtained with either the dBm dBc or the LR HR method are valid Leonova Emerald dBm dBe LR HR if Mt lat EA ll SPM LR HR SPM SPM HD Spectrum Spectrum dBm dBc LR HR LR HR TYPE 3 COND No 65 50 a5 20 Shock pulse measurement D 3 Rules for SPM measuring points The rules for the selection of SPM measuring points have a very practical purpose We are trying to catch low energy signals which are getting weaker the farther they travel and the more they are bounced about inside a piece of metal We know that they lose strength when they cross over from one piece of metal to another oil between the pieces
46. they should be marked e g with serial number to assure that the readings are calibrated While in the Vibration transducers menu press the F4 key Default transducers 4 then select Balancing 5 and press ENTER Choose which transducer to be used as default transducer for balancing measurements by pressing ENTER to get to the list 6 Use arrow keys to choose from the list and press ENTER when ready Finish the selection of default transducer by pressing BACK Leonova automaticlly updates the choice of default transducer Transducer line quality TLO Leonova is automatically testing the quality of signal transmission between transducers of type IEPE and instrument before measurement The unit of measure is voltage Bias Accepted values depends on transducer settings Not acceptable values generates an error message F 6 Rotor balancing Leonova Emerald Vibration transducers E SLD 144 S 002 G SLD 144 5 014 SLD144 SLD 144 5 002 Type ACC Societies 9 87 Max frequency 10000 Tre IEPE type Yes Trv Min bias range V 9 0 Trv Max bias range V 14 0 Tr Settling time sec 3 0 Default transducers Vibration CENNA Transducer 1 EHA 6 Unbalance A rotor is unbalanced when the centre of its mass does not co incide with the shaft centre This condition can be described as the rotor having a heav
47. trigger can be used to determine when to start a measurement ensuring that it is carried out at an appropriate speed The RPM trigger can be used on applications where useful readings can be obtained only within a limited RPM range such as in cranes The purpose of the Post trigger is to avoid the recording of irrelevant signals that may ultimately cause false alarms It can be used where strong signals can be expected which are process related and not attributed to machine damage RPM trigger can be set to RPM run up or RPM run down RPM run up means Leonova will initiate the measurement then wait for the machine to speed up to the level input under Trigger level before it starts recording the signals With RPM run down Leonova waits for RPM to slow down to the Trigger level setting When using Post trigger input a value HDsv under Trigger level In the above example 5 Leonova will initiate an SPM HD measurement and wait for the signal s HDsv level to reach 25 before it starts a complete measurement including time signal and FFT Make sure you input a viable trigger level if the level is never reached the measurement must be aborted manually D 16 Shock pulse measurement Under Delay time you can specify a number of seconds during which Leonova will delay the start of measurement This setting is optional Acquisition time The Acquisition time 4 is automa
48. value HDc for the large number of weaker shock pulses e the status dot which is green for HDm up to 20 HDn good condition yellow for 21 34 HDn caution red for 35 HDn and more bad operating condition The maximum value HDm defines the bearing s position on the condition scale The difference between HDm and HDc is used for a finer analysis of the causes for reduced or bad condition When you set the HDi to 0 Leonova will take an unnormalized reading in dBsv absolute shock values The condition zones do not apply This method is used for comparative reading on different bearings and or other shock pulse sources D 14 Shock pulse measurement Input data for SPM HD Measuring points for the SPM techniques are normally set up in Condmaster and then downloaded to Leonova However it is possible to open the Leonova default file in the SPM window 1 and configurate all measuring parameters Select SPM HD and open with ENTER Transducer Before starting measurements make sure that the shock pulse transducer you are using with your Leonova is properly selected Default transducers for the shock pulse techniques are set up via the transducer register Default transducer is the active transducer when Portable transducer is selected under Measuring point data To select a default transducer see Chapter A page 15 You can select other shock pulse transducers from the transducer register 2 if you switc
49. 00 line velocity spectrum By default the range is 2 to 1000 Hz Peaks will save the number of peaks you input under No of peaks to save 4 A peak is a spectrum line with a higher amplitude than the lines on either side of it Thus a 1600 line spectrum can contain max 800 peaks Condition parameters selects the RMS vibration values and excludes the spectrum Time signal and FFT saves the time signal and the calculated FFT The line Direction 5 lets you select one of the three measurement directions Your choice is then displayed in the measurement window E 6 Vibration measurement Variable speed 1 Time signal unit 2 Act Save 3 Peaks No of peaks to save 4 soo Direction 5 Part 3 Group 2 Support Rigid Quick mode Yes Measure RPM simultaneously Yes RPM trigger Trigger type none Transducer Portable Tr Name SLD144 Tre Type ACC Try Sensitivity miV my s 10 Trv Max frequency 10000 Tre IEPE type Yes Trv Min bias range V 9 0 Trv Max bias range V 14 0 Trv Settling time sec 3 0 Acquisition time 1 6 seconds Time signal FFT calculated Full spectrum Peaks Condition parameters Time signal and FFT Horizontal Axial Guide for machine classification Machine condition evaluation according to the ISO 10816 standard requires a correct classification of the monitored machine Variable speed Time signal unit So far ISO 10816
50. 1474663 FR 1474660 US 7 774 166 EP 1474659 UK 1474659 US 6 725 723 US 6 499 349 SE 0400586 4 SE 0951017 3 SE 1000631 0 US 7 301 161C 1 CondID Patent No ZL9 195901 3 US 6 499 349 US 6 25 23 CE This product must be disposed of as electronic waste and is marked with a crossed out wheeled bin ps symbol in order to indicate that it must not be discarded with household waste When the life cycle of the product is over you can return it to your local SPM representative for proper management or dispose of it together with your other electronic waste Made in Sweden by SPM Instrument AB Box 504 SE 645 25 Str ngn s Sweden Tel 46 152 22500 Telefax 46 152 15075 info spminstrument se www spminstrument com www leonovabyspm com Leonouad EMERALD General instrument functions Contents Leonova EMErald gt asriar anna E EEE T EErEE 3 Instrument OVEFVICW ccccececcecececeeeneneeeeeeenteneaeneeeeseeeneeeeeenes 4 Charge the battery pack sssssssnesssssessssssrsessesesssseseseseeseseseese 5 Start Check battery status cicurcnransicnnoainsuaeet nee eanminenenieonees 6 About LeonoOVa s sssssesesesesesesesesesesesssseseseseseseseseseseseseseseseeses 6 NAO O peee E E E A EEEE 7 Defining shortcut keys and menu OPtions cceceeee eee eeees 8 FS SS A E onsen coo ne ET E EE E E E E 9 instrument Ca IDTATION sacevsacnascerersasncoeseantasancennebteneacesessioluncaeeas 9 Main TUNCHONS sarreren E E E
51. 5 002 SLD 144 5 014 5LD144 Cancel Single plane 4 runs speed Speed information missing ce Measured Preset Single plane 4 runs RPM syn chronized Uncertainty RPM Number of synchronized readings Previous Run without trial weight Set the frequency range for the spectrum to Automatic Leonova will calculate the suitable range from the RPM data up to approx 5x If the machine is running at low speed lt 600 RPM the frequency range should be set to 500 or 1000 Hz to save time during measuring Then select a number of lines to display in the spectrum recommended are 400 lines With the tachometer and the vibration transducer connected press the MEASURE SAVE M S key Note If preferred the display of the rotation direction clockwise counterclockwise can be changed by pressing the MENU key and then choose Shift rotation direction Press the F3 function key Spectrum 1 to display the spectrum To set a cursor 2 on the spectrum line at 1X which shows the amount of unbalance press F2 Cursor gt F1 Cursor A then use the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys to move the cursor to the desired position To display machine fault symptoms press SHIFT F4 Symptom then SHIFT F1 for all symptoms or SHIFT F2 for theoretical symptoms only In case the 1X line is relatively small abort balancing and first check the machine for other vibration causes misalignment
52. AD wince ssexseeceleseots nei er Oir AN 18 The dBm dBc measuring techniqUe sssssssssseseseseseseseseses 19 Input data for SPM dBm dB cccccceccecneceeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeenees 20 Measuring SPM GBM OBC ccsisdsicedins Gacsecaessendesdustarndeexedanadeues 22 Using the Carphone cccecceccececeececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneneeeees 23 The LR HR and SPM LR HR HD techniques ceeee ees 24 Input data for LR HR and LR HR HD cece cec sec eceeeeeeeene es 25 Accumulation and COMPENSATION cccecceceeseceeceeeeeeeeneenees 26 ER HR v lu s and CODE x casaredspasasacncaanenteceuseuseer ces ueneneconnte 27 The LUB number a tnnesanaceqnntttster toreseaemanisaetscnadhasetese nanceesenentns 28 The COND number and error codes ccccec cece eeneeeeeeeeenes 29 Input data for LR HR and LR HR HD eee cec cee eeeeeeeeeeenees 30 Measuring LR HR and LR HR HD ccceecseceececeeeeeeeeeenees 32 Measuring an SPM Spectrum ccececcececeeeececeeeeeeeeeeeneeeenes 33 Editing spectrum data sesssssssessssssrsrsesesesesesesesesererererersee 34 Shock pulse measurement D 1 D 2 Shock pulse measurement Shock pulse techniques SPM HD Shock pulse magnitude is quantified on a decibel scale by two values the maximum value HDm and the carpet value HDc The input data are very simple the rom and the bearing s shaft diameter The maximum value HDm is evaluated on a green yellow red condition sc
53. D 19 Extra long 170 mm C 4 Measurement techniques always included Peripheral contact wheels Multiply the reading by the wheel factor TAD 12 0 1 m min factor 10 TAD 13 0 1 yd min factor 10 TAD 17 0 5 ft min factor 2 Speed measurement with default file Please note to evaluate bearing condition and ae ea i to make sense of a vibration spectrum one has to know the rpm of the shaft This type of rom i measurement is made as part of the shock pulse or vibration measurement where the speed technique is automatically included when the RPM D point is configured for variable speed The speed measure with the default file 1 is not available for other measurements Press ENTER to open speed measurement Max RPM 150000 Settings 2 are made under Measuring point Min RPM 10 data SHIFT F3 It is possible to change RPM Max speed 150000 and speed range via the keyboard window Val Set speed si tside the range will not be registered To aA ol he sie aii me SA g g Number of pulses 1 0000 edit mark a line in the list with the UP DOWN Tact 1 0000 arrow keys and open with ENTER Max fluctuation 20 Transducer 3 Portable It is possible to change Unit of speed from RPM to some other unit but Leonova will always count the number of light reflexes pulses The instrument counts 1 rom for each received light reflex pulse The maximum is 120 000 pulses per minute On slowly r
54. LD Rotor balancing Contents Balancing methodS sssssessssseesssrsessssesesessesrsesseseseseeeeseseee 3 Balanec ng eguibDmen eisie 4 Generi setling Scere ctnccesecatenssssanesent ennces cet ttscunonesartantenenadoaes 5 Default transducer for balancing measurement cecceeeee 6 LI eA TNC E EE EE EE E 7 Measuring UND ala NC Cristies cats estnsrsercisecsoneienisesecetnsdemaoneesawhons 8 FOUR TUN WS NOO aicctrca re E 9 TWO HO PET MO e a ened 9 Transducer selection and speed measurement 00 00es 10 Run without trial weight cccecceccecseceeceeeeeeeeeeeseeseneeeeeees 11 Wal WWEIGING calculation secon ceet caeet cacti einn cceny TEE 12 Run s with trial WEIGM bissececricccsatemnmncaswendatenrecennenientonentuanents c 13 DEPONO U E eer ne cen er ere Teer 14 Alternatives for balancing Weights ceccsecceeeneeeeeeeeeeees 15 Rig Belge lacal cls E E errr ee nnn ern ne irr Cree an ener 16 Finishing the balancing job ccccecceceecneceeeceeceeeeeeeceeeeeenes 17 Create report eee anne ernment renee See ener eney rr ater rrr ener eer 18 ISO balancing standard 1940 1 0 0 eeecccceccecesneeeeeeeeeeeeeeneees 19 Rotor balancing F 1 F 2 Rotor balancing Balancing methods Single plane balancing is an optional Leonova function with unlimited use Leonova Emerald Balancing Single plane balancing 4 runs Sal mel ee Single plane This method uses one measurement without trial w
55. LR HR e RMS vibration ISO 2372 e Temperature measurement User defined manual input e Stethoscope available function under Speed Shock pulse Vibration Temperature These measurement techniques and the equipment needed to use them are described in this chap ter with the exception of the SPM HDm HDc and LR HR technique described in Chapter D Measuring points containing the free techniques can be downloaded from Condmaster Ruby fully configured and ready for measurement When the default files under the technique windows are used the analog measurements and the vibration measurement normally require a configuration under Measuring point data Measurement techniques always included C 3 Speed measurement The SPM laser tachometer IR temperature probe TTP10 is used for both optical and contact speed measurement It is connected to the transducer input marked RPM on Leonova A blue LED indicator on the Tachometer and Temperature probe TTP10 lights when reflected ligth hits the sensor Input for tachometer tem perature probe TTP10 CAB90 Stroboscope cable 1 5 m spiral 3 5 mm phones connector CAB92 Proximity switch cable 1 5 m spiral M12 connector CAB95 Keyphasor cable 1 5 m spiral BNC connector Reflecting tape 5 75 RPM optical Distance 30 to 2000 mm Measuring angle 5 to 75 RPM contact centre Hold it against the shaft centre TAD 11 Short 30 mm TAD 15 Long 60 mm TA
56. M POSOSOCEO Cursor Result Hz CPM O D 18 Shock pulse measurement The dBm dBc measuring technique dBi Initial value of a bearing 904 dBsv 80 dBn dBc Carpet value weak pulses 80 70 dBm Maximum value strong pulses dBn Unit for normalized shock level 70 60 dBsv Unit for absolute shock level 60 50 40 30 20 10 The initial value dBi 0 depends on rpm and 9 shaft diameter d The original SPM dBm dBc measuring technique has been successfully applied for over 40 years and continues to be widely used Like its successor the SPM HD measuring technique dBm dBc is well suited for industrial condition monitoring and requires only few easy to understand in and output data With the dBm dBc technique lubrication condition is indicated by the delta value i e the difference between dBm and dBc High readings and a small delta value indicate poor lubrication or dry running This is sufficient for maintenance purposes dBm and dBc are measured in a fixed time window and automatically displayed After that the instru ment continues to measure while the transducer is connected The peak indicator blinks when pulses stronger than the displayed dBm value are detected If earphones are connected a pinging sound can be heard with each blink from the peak indicator For more information see Using the earphones The stethoscope function see U
57. M SPM L SPM LR HR RPM SPM VIB Horizontal VIB 1 e Temperature ANALOG Change channel General measurement functions B 15 You can switch between measuring RPM or not by pressing F3 1 in the first Measure all dialog box Conditions to enable this feature RPM is available as technique There is a saved RPM value may be a down loaded preset value from Condmaster or a measured value None of the other measurement techniques have Measure RPM simultaneously ena bled RPM can not be set as USER user input in the channel settings for Measure all Press the F1 Measure all to start measuring You will be prompted to connect transducers and or input manual data All measured assignments are displayed during measurement 2 When a measurement is com pleted for a particular assignment its status bar is green for a few seconds before the assignment disappears from the list If an error occurs during the measurement of an assignment its status bar becomes red e g TLT error When a measuring assignment is completed it disappears from the list When all assignments on the list are compleded the measuring window closes automatically and the display will show All techniques measured Press ENTER to go to next measuring point Press F2 View summary to see the results of all measurements just carried out 3 To toggle between measurement results use the UP DOWN arrow keys From
58. New 2 with the F1 key then input the following data Press F1 to save the settings and close with the BACK key Name A descriptive name It will be shown on the list of transducers Type Select User defined User defined name Is the name shown in the measurement window The transducer s nominal sensitivity in mV displayed unit Sensitivity The transducer s upper frequency range Max frequency IEPE type Select No Information about Sensitivity depends on which range is measured and Max frequency is marked on the clamp and or found in the technical specification belonging to the device Press F4 Default transducers select Vibration and press F1 Open the register with ENTER and select the current clamp to be used with UP DOWN Press F1 to save the settings and close with the BACK key E 26 Vibration measurement BNC adapter Current clamp Fluke i1000s Vibration transducers Fluke i1000s Name 2 Fluke i1000s Type User defined Trv User defined name Current clamp Trv User defined unit A Try Sensitivity mVv A 100 Trv Max frequency 10000 IEPE type No Default transducers G Balancing none re Fluke i1000s 4 i SLD144 Transducer t Fluke i1000s To start measurement open an existing measure ment under File or make a new EVAM assign ment Assignments can be set up in Condmaster for
59. PM dBm dBe Variable speed 3 Shaft diameter mm Measure RPM simultaneously Yes RPM trigger Trigger type none 4 Yes Order tracking No Frequency upper Hz 200 Window Hanning FFT type Linear No of spectrum lines 3200 Save Peaks No of peaks to save SPM spectrin tEn Average type Fares came S dBm dBc Q Speed aha SPM dBEm dBc Spectrum dBm dBc ILS SPM dBm dBe ho D 10 752 SL 2013 01 30 19 25 07 200 Hz S 0 Hz Zoom Cursor Shock pulse measurement D 33 Editing spectrum data An SPM Spectrum is based on the amplitude SPM dBm dBe modulation of a high frequency signal It shows periodic pulses as frequency lines Thus if the x Variable speed signal contains a strong pulse that is repeated at Shaft diameter mm one second intervals there will be a high amplitude Measure RPM simultaneously Yes line at 1 Hz RPM trigger Trigger type none SPM Spectrum Yes Order tracking No To change any of the spectrum parameters mark Frequency upper Hz 200 the line touch Edit and select the value from a list Window Hanning FFT type Linear No of spectrum lines 3200 Save Peaks Order tracking No of peaks to save 50 SPM spectrum type Symptom SL Order tracking is described on page B 36 Average type Trane cantra freanqiianes PU Frequency range Order tracking The frequency range 1 is always from 0 to uppe
60. PORTABLE EFFICIENCY Lconoud EMERALD Leonova EMERALD H 831 03 RPM SPM Press ENTER for settings G H 831 03 Pump DS _ lif 1S0 10816 Horizonte lB ISO 10816 Vertical si ISO 10816 Axial Leonov EMERALD User guide General instrument functions Instrument data and functions general settings files and upgrades General measurement functions Measuring modes recording measuring rounds display windows spectrum functions and order tracking Measurement techniques always included Speed temperature ISO 2372 vibration and stethoscope Shock pulse measurement SPM HD SPM dBm dBc SPM HR LR SPM LR HR HD and SPM Spectrum Vibration mesurement ISO 10816 vibration HD Enveloping EVAM vibration analysis FFT with symptoms Rotor balancing Single plane balancing 71971 B 2015 08 Safety notes e The instrument is intended for professional industrial process and educational use only while taking into consideration the technical specifications The accessories may only be used for their respective intended use as defined in this manual The instrument and accessories must be connected only to voltages NOT exceeding 16 Vrms 22 6 Vpeak or 35 Vdc Warning Do not use within measurement categories CAT Il Ill or IV SS EN 61010 031 61010 2 030 The instrument must NOT be connected to MAINS circuits This instrument is CAT I with a transient
61. Press ENTER and register the transducer 6 to be used To see or edit transducer data mark its name in the transducer register 1 and press F2 Edit 7 You can edit the transducer s data and change the transducer name Mark a line in the register with the arrow keys open the keyboard with ENTER and edit the data Press F1 to save the settings and close with the BACK key Leonova Emerald l Transducers SPM 40000 42000 44000 DuoTech SLD144 User defined Transducer heed SLD144 none i DuoTech ned SLD144 i User defined i Vibration Transducer Transducer 1 wed SLD 144 General instrument functions A 15 User defined transducers Other types than vibration transducers can be used e g amp clamp pressure and flow sensors that connects to the VIB input These are set up in i Type Pressure transducer User defined the transducer register as User defined transduc User defined name Pressure User defined unit Bar ers Sensitivity mV Bar 10 Max frequency 10000 To register a user defined transducer open Set IEPE type No tings with SHIFT F3 Select Transducers to open the register 1 Default transducers Select New with the F1 key then input the fol spm f d tinn Transducer owing data baci vey Pressure transducer Name A descriptive name It will be shown on the list of transducers Type Select User defined User def
62. SER DEFINED f BALANCING Communication measurement files saved by the user Speed measurement All shock pulse measurement techniques All vibration measurement techniques Temperature measurement User defined manual input Single plain rotor balancing General instrument functions A 9 Instrument settings The seven files in the Settings window contain the general instrument settings With a new Leonova the first task is to check the available functions and to adjust the instrument Open 2 Communication Shift F1 Leonova Emerald Press SHIFT F3 to open the instrument settings window or press the MENU key and select Settings File Shift F2 with the UP DOWN arrow keys Open with ENTER In the Settings window select file with the UP E Previous DOWN arrow keys open with ENTER or F1 E Next When the appropriate settings are made press the About MENU key Select Previous or Next with F1 F2 to make additional settings Press the BACK key to save the instrument settings and quit settings mode These are the files ec amp Previous Next e General settings a menu for several functions Select units the default is mm C Hz dB mode scale in dB for the y scale in spectrum Icons show large small icons Layout measuring point tree layout preview live spectrum show theoretical symptoms P General settings Automatic save Prompt to save after measure i Date Time
63. SPM rules To find the correct COMP no use the LUBMASTER function in Condmaster A normal signal from a good bearing should be near the centre of the green part of the evaluation frame If it is far to the left you can push it forward by setting a COMP no If the signal is outside of the left side of evaluation frame Leonova will display the error code E3 signal too low The COMP no is added to the measuring result before it is evaluated Thus it will influence the evaluation results CODE LUB and COND but not the displayed values for HR and LR It is possible to set negative COMP nos but you should avoid that With a positive COMP no you make the evalua tion results worse than apparent from the measured LR HR values With a negative COND no you improve bearing condition which can have unpleasant consequences if you are wrong in assuming that the signal from this bearing is stronger than normal To avoid alarm from a stable bearing with high readings it is better to change the alarm levels D 26 Shock pulse measurement LR HR 304 655 Positive COMP 25 50 20 35 153 204 10 0 10 20 30 dB HR LR HR COND No 30 65 Negative COMP 25 50 4 2i 35 15 20 dB HR LR HR values and CODE For LR HR values the measuring unit is dBsv i e these values are measured on the absolute shock pulse scale and do not by themselves express operating condition The term delta valu
64. VIB Horizontal o b2 VIB Axial o li Unbalance Bo 32 Cooling water preas O easuring t Graphics D 22 Shock pulse measurement Using the earphones For dBm dBc earphones can be used to listen to the shock pulse pattern in case of suspect or high readings Listening to the shock pulse signal can help to pinpoint the cause for high values This and the possibility to search for shock pulse sources with the probe transducer is a means to verify the measuring result and its cause Earphone listening does not work with the LR HR and SPM HD technique The measuring threshold is changed with the UP DOWN arrow keys on the Leonova keypad At a low level Leonova will emit a continuous tone As the threshold is raised this changes to very rapid pulses at the dBc level At the dBm level only a few pulses should occur at irregular intervals Significant are e the dBm level e the rhythm of the pulses immediately below the dBm level e the delta value which is the difference between the dBm and the dBc Shock pulses from a bearing normally occur at irregular interval while strong rhythmic shocks are a sign of disturbance The diagrams below show typical patterns A A Good bearing B Bad bearing Shock values are low High values large delta irregular pattern C Pump cavitation D Load shocks valves etc Very small delta fairly high Regular patterns mean often shock level disturbance 60 90
65. VIB input on Leonova Transducer line quality TLO SLD 1445 e L Caa DuoTech with quick connector Input for vibration transducer Leonova is automatically testing the quality of signal transmission between transducers of type IEPE and instrument before measurement The unit of measure is voltage Bias Accepted values depends on transducer settings Not acceptable values generates an error message C 12 Measurement techniques always included Measuring point data for ISO 2372 The only measuring point data that should be edited are Direction and Class 1 Press SHIFT F3 to open Measuring point data For both the alternatives are selected from lists after marking the line and pressing F1 Edit The selected measuring direction appears as measuring point name in the measurement window 2 The selected machine class effects the evaluation of the measuring result 3 Readings in the yellow and red zone are indicated with an alarm flag and a flashing red dot 4 before the value Portable on the transducer line 5 means that the default transducer for vibration measure ments is active Set up of default transducers is described in Chapter A page 13 To temporarily use another transducer press SHIFT F3 to open Measuring point data and mark Transducer on the list Press F1 Edit and select Remote The transducer data become editable after you switch Transduce
66. a 20 Live spectrum WINGOW sssssssesesesesesererersrsesesesesesesesesesesseset 21 SOC CPU WNGOW seisear 22 Spectrum ING LIONS srsriseisier emiren r Eri E kine 23 Highlighted symptoms in the spectrum sssssssssssssssssssssssse 27 Multi line symptoms with harmonics ccsceeceeceeceeeeeeeeees 29 Waterfall diagrami cyactesoterscecuistossia Sunrtasopinccsananecentaiegseeon sarees 31 PSS SOC Uinta a ntaacuiawepacnmiatecousesyndenses 32 WS UNS SI Iien ce owe ecw tera cinerea eencasce E cf Determine RPM from SPeCtruUM cccceccecsecceeceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeenes 35 AD Order MRACKIN Oiscnas sis nsetvencwtuccensasnatanccrancuesacdsorauieacenasconees 36 General measurement functions B 1 B 2 General measurement functions Leonova measurement functions Leonova Emerald always has the following measurement functions with unlimited use HDm HDc and or SPM LR HR RMS vibration measurement according to ISO 2372 Speed measurement rom and peripheral Temperature measurement User defined manual input Stethoscope Vocal comments CondID NFC measuring point identification Automatic recording of measuring results The remaining measurement functions are user selected Shock pulse measurement SPM HD time and frequency domain analysis Shock pulse measurement LR HR with SPM Spectrum and time signal Shock pulse measurement dBm dBc and SPM Spectrum Vibration measurement according to ISO 10816 with spectrum Vibration Premium or Vibra
67. a lower amplitude on either side If you select Save peaks Leonova will display the full spectrum before saving with peaks as black lines while the lines to be deleted are grey The maximum number of peaks that can be saved is half the number of spectrum lines The number of peaks to be saved is input on the number pad SPM spectrum type One unit for amplitude in an SPM Spectrum 6 is SD Shock Distribution unit where each spectrum is scaled so that the total RMS value of all spectrum lines 100 SD the RMS value of the time record The alternative unit is SL Shock Level unit the RMS value of the frequency component in decibel Average type To achieve greater accuracy one can order the average result from a stated number measurements average count set on the number pad To get a time synchronous average a tachometer must be connected which supplies a trigger pulse This starts each measurement with the shaft in the same position FFT linear 7 gives the mean value of the measurements while FFT peak hold gives the maximum value Zoom factor True zoom is selected to get a high resolution around a selected centre frequency This frequency must be within the selected frequency range Thus to zoom in on 600 Hz the minimum range is 0 to 1000 Hz The range covered by the zoom is upper frequency range zoom factor Thus with a zoom factor of 10 the spectrum will cover the range 550 650 Hz The hig
68. a wide range of choices to adapt the condition measurement to a specific machine EVAM returns three distinct sets of data Condition parameters peak peak to peak the RMS values of vibration velocity acceleration and displacement plus values for crest kurtosis skewness and noise levels Fault symptom values the amplitude values of selected spectrum line patters connected with typical machine faults like unbalance misalignment gear damage motor faults bearing damage etc COND numbers dimensionless condition numbers obtained by a statistical evaluation of all selected condition parameters and fault symptom values Condition numbers are displayed against a green yellow red machine condition scale FFT with symptoms is reduced form of EVAM lacking the statistical evaluation by means of criteria and possibility to display and save time signal Common features for ISO 10816 EVAM and FFT with symptoms are the condition parameters VEL ACC DISP and the spectrum For an ISO 10816 measuring point only one spectrum is saved while an EVAM FFT measuring point can have many This means that a measuring point set up for ISO 10816 can at any time be converted into an EVAM or FFT with symptoms measuring point HD Enveloping is an ideal complement to conventional vibration techniques capable of detecting at a very early stage such machine problems which are generally difficult to find in good time with non enveloping techniques for
69. age selection customized view voice recording battery status idication transducer line test metric or imperial units NFC transponder for communication with CondID tags read distance max 50 mm 2 inch A 28 General instrument functions SPM input Shock pulse channels Measuring techniages Transducer line test Transducer types VIB input Vibration channels Frequency range Resolution Transducer line test Transducer types User defined transd Measuring techniages RPM input Channels Measuring range Resolution Accuracy Transducer type Output 1 SPM HD dBm dBc LR HR and LR HR HD TLO test SPM 40000 42000 44000 probe transducer and quick con nector transducer 1 O DC to 20 kHz max 12 800 lines bias voltage check SPM SLD or IEPE ICP type with voltage output lt 24 Vpp or DuoTech accelerometer Trans ducer supply of 2 5 mA can be set On Off e g current clamp pressure and flow sensors with voltage output ISO 2372 ISO 10816 FFT with symptoms EVAM vibration analysis HD Enveloping balancing 1 RPM or temperature 1 to 150 000 pulses min 1 pulse 1 pulse 0 1 of reading SPM TTP10 TTL pulses Key phasor proximity switch NPN PNP TTL signal for controlling stroboscope and 12 VDC supply Temperature measurement Temp range TTP10 Accuracy TTP10 Transducer type Stethoscope Settings Transducer types
70. al readings have been taken and saved the F1 Previous result and F2 Next result keys can be used to toggle between them 4 Press the SHIFT key F1 or F2 to skip to the first or last measuring result The measuring result window also shows the units of measurement 5 if any Measuring result Measuring result aa 5 019 18 Pump S amp R 001 01 Raw Mill Input Shaft Bearing L SPM dBEm dBc LZ A Acc 1 2013 01 22 13 42 21 2007 06 26 14 56 15 EDLC dam don dBc dBn RPM VEL mm s ACC m s ACC Pas im s ACC Peak to peak m s 71 72 Shaft 10 Unbalance m s 0 03 Shaft 11 Misalignment r 0 05 Shaft 12 Looseness 3rd 1 26 Shaft 13 Looseness 0 5 0 02 Shaft 10 X multiples Orc 2 66 J DOCCCOCCCOCO 3 Previousga Next i Previous eg gt result result helete resi result Delete res Measuring point images TG SPM dBm dBc SPM LR HR Suoi SPM dBm dBc SPM LR HR Using the Measuring Point Imag ee pag ing function in Condmaster images or photographs can be connected to measuring points If a measur ing point has an image associated with it the image can be viewed in Leonova Emerald 1 Temperature TELY Press ENTER for settings 19 18 Pump 2 Images are accessed from the measurement window With the measuring point name marked 2 press the F4 key View image 3 M Speed 5PM dBm dBe B 20 General measurement functions Li
71. ale It indicates the bearing s operating conditions in terms of good caution bad Operating condition includes factors like installation quality load lubrication and the mechanical state of the bearing surfaces In Time signal HD repetitive shocks are enhanced and random signals supressed using advanced digital algorithms The Time Signal HD is extremely useful to determine the location of a possible bearing damage The SPM Spectrum HD obtained by applying FFT algorithms on the Time Signal HD is useful for trending purposes applying symptom and band values SPM dBm dBc With the dBm dBc technique the shock pulse magnitude is quantified on a decibel scale by the maximum value dBm and the carpet value dBc SPM LR HR and LR HR HD Shock pulse magnitude is quantified on a decibel scale by the values LR low rate of occurrence corresponding to the HDm and HR high rate of occurrence similar to the HDc In addition to these raw values the bearing s operating condition is indicated by the evaluation results CODE overall condition LUB oil film thickness and COND mechanical state of the surfaces Thus condition information is more detailed with emphasis on bearing lubrication The basic principles for LR HR and LR HR HD are the same however LR HR HD utilizes the SPM HD algorithms for time signals and spectrums Both methods are most advantageous for RPMs above 500 The required input data are also more detailed
72. ange is defined by selecting an upper limit in orders 3 Please note that correct measurements with the higher BP and HP filters an SLD144 or similar must be used You can exceed the upper frequency range of the transducer when measuring an envelope spectrum Number of spectrum lines The number of spectrum lines 4 affects the resolu tion and the measuring time Doubling the number of lines also doubles the measuring time In cases where different fault symptoms such as bearing frequencies and multiples of 1X are close together a high resolu tion spectrum is preferred Symptom enhancement factor The Symptom enhancement factor 5 is used to improve the signal to noise ratio For applications with little electronic noise and few mechanical shock phenomena this factor can be kept low 0 5 Where noise and random shocks are frequently occurring it is recommended that the Symptom enhancement factor is set to 5 10 However you should be aware that the higher this factor the longer the measurement cycle The Y axis unit in soectrum is HDeuE HD enveloping units Enhanced and in time signal is HD euE when a symptom enhancement factor is used Acquisition time The acquisition time 6 is automatically updated when the parassmeters that affect the time changes E 22 Vibration measurement Measure RPM simultaneously Variable speed 1 Frequency upper Orders 3 100 No of spectrum lines 4 1600 Symp
73. anted measuring techniques are active This measuring point is either downloaded from Condmaster or it is a multi measurement user file see previous page Define the number of measurements or minutes 2 and the time interval 3 between measurements 0 minutes as fast as possible Use the F1 key NEW 4 to select measuring techniques from the list 5 and put them into the measuring sequence 6 A selected technique can be replaced by another with EDIT 7 or be deleted with 8 Connect the transducer s and press the MEASURE SAVE M S key to start The results can be seen on the graphics display and can be uploaded to Condmaster For SPM and vibration measurements with variable speed select Speed as a technique and do not input an rom under Measuring point data Leonova Emerald Write to CondID Alarms Set comment Shitt F2 All comments Recording Stethoscope Add measuring point Add technique Delete Measurinc Graphics i amp Grinder no 3 2 Recording Total Time between measurements minutes 3 Measuring sequence 0 10 SPM HD 6 0 10 SPM dBm dBe 0 10 60000 CPM 1600 line Edit Delete SPM dBm dBe SPM HD 6 60000 CPM 1600 line General measurement functions B 9 Measuring rounds from Condmaster For efficient systematic condition monitoring Le onova is used as a data logger Measuring points are set up in Condmaster and downloaded to Leonova
74. ard also states a power output of at least 3 MW For this part input the RPM of the turbine This does not affect the vibration limit values but the upper frequency limit of the measure ment up to 5000 Hz for a turbine speed of 20000 RPM Data for ISO 10816 part 5 Part 5 is for Machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pumping plants divided into 4 groups Please study the definitions and drawings provided in the standard I50 10816 guide Horizontal machine sets with bearing housing which is only braced against the casing of the hydraulic machine usually with operational speed of less than 300 r min E 10 Vibration measurement I50 10816 guide Gas turbine driven sets excluding aircraft derivatives I50 10816 guide Machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pumping plants ISO 10816 guid 1000 Hz os Frequency lower DISP RMS AJB 29 00 B C 57 00 C D 90 00 VEL RMS AJB 2 30 B C 4 50 C D 7 10 Data for ISO 10816 part 6 Part 6 is for Reciprocating machines with power rating above 100 kW SO 10816 guide For this type of machinery the standard provides 7 tables with limit values Depending on the vibration level when the machine is new and in good condition the user is supposed to select one of these tables as a norm for the machine Reciprocating machines with power rating above 100 kW If you know your table you simply select its classificati
75. are PC ep CondID To start communication press SHIFT F1 to open the communication mode or select Communica tion 3 under the File menu and press ENTER Connect the USB cable between instrument and computer Control the communication from the computer Press F4 Close to exit the communica tion mode 3 On the PC open Data transfer or Planning in Perineal eat Condmaster Communication Initializing transfer mode Make sure the communication cable is connected Leonova service program The Service Program is used to e print and save balancing reports Balancing report e load additional functions from the file Alignment report Leonova txt Time signal recording e check for updates of Leonova Service boge el alee ed eh ale Program This function requires that AEE Upgrade software on instrument your computer is connected to the e Transter language file to instrument Internet Shows version info available and current versions Credit lor e upgrade the Leonova Uploaded Files software from the file LeonovaDiamondAndEmerald swp safety Copy e transfer language files from file IIf Reload Safety Copy e upload and download Leonova files Exit to from the PC file extension LRF Settings Leonowa Emerald e make and reload safety copies of the Leonova files file extension lsc A 22 General instrument functions Upgrade Leonova software
76. ark the Order tracking checkbox 3 Enter the desired number of orders 4 and press F1 to save and BACK to return to the measurement window The lower frequency is input in Hz or CPM under Measuring point data The upper frequency is shown in orders Variable speed must be marked and rom has to be measured Other graphical functions and settings are the same as for spectrum see Spectrum functions earlier in this chapter of the manual Setup of order tracking assignments in Condmas ter requires one of the following optional software modules e MOD134 FFT with symptoms e MOD135 EVAM e MOD193 Vibration Expert e MOD197 Vibration Supreme e MOD195 SPM HD Expert e MOD140 HD Analysis B 36 General measurement functions Leonova Emerald i Sd Time signal Order iting Shift F2 Set comment All comments Recording Stethoscope Add measuring point Add technique Delete Measuring point data Shift F3 re Assignment 1600 H 100 01 Order tra a i Spectrum Wiuiow Order tracking 3 FFT type Upper frequency unit No of sped Hz Save T Orders Enveloping Quick modg Frequency upper ee es orders 4 Zoom centile zoom factor RPM wa 60000 CPM 1600 lines Li 60000 CPM 1600 line 2013 01 24 14 23 16 SSS 0 45 Orders 2 55 Orders Zoom oom Zoom X Zoom y back back all Leonoud EMERALD
77. ave the result press MENU and select Save as Select Save a file and input a name via the keyboard window Press ENTER to save Measurement techniques always included C 5 Contact measurement For contact measurement you place the contact Max RPM 150000 adapter over the lens and fix a contact centre or Min RPM 10 a wheel The shaft in the adapter has a reflecting Max speed 150000 surface and each revolution sends one light reflex to a el Ba the counter The contact centre is pressed firmly into areal a 1 0000 the cavity at the centre of the shaft and the probe is aligned with the shaft s centre line Max fluctuation 20 Transducer Portable The wheels are used to measure peripheral speed One turn corresponds to 0 1 m 0 1 yards or 0 5 feet depending on the wheel type Settings 1 are made under Measuring point data SHIFT F3 Mark Factor on the list and press F1 to edit For meters or yards per minute set Factor 1 10 For feet per minute the factor 2 Number of pulses 1 Max RPM 150000 Min RPM 10 Max speed 150000 Remote transducer Min speed 10 Other types of transducers can be used by switching nba eae Pests the setting of Transducer to Remote 2 Factor 1 0000 Max fluctuation 0 20 When using a proximity switch the setting of Trans Transducer 2 Remote ducer type is PNP or NPN 3 The setting of 12V Transducer type PNP Supply
78. blank none Remember to reset a value in order to turn 2 hours off the instrument none 30 seconds e 1 minutes Set date time 2 minutes 3 minutes Before measuring with Leonova update the mo internal clock The measurements time data is of 10 minutes great importance when transferred to Condmas 15 minutes ter 30 minutes To make the update open Date Time 4 under MENU Settings Select the date field and press ENTER Select month with F2 F3 and navigate with the arrow keys to select date 5 Press F1 Date to save Time 11 16 36 August 2012 To set the time 6 select the time field and press ENTER Use LEFT RIGHT arrow keys to 12 3 4 change field and UP DOWN to change value 5 7 8 9 10 1 Press F1 OK to save 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 Use arrow keys to change value 28 29 30 31 11 i 36 2012 08 01 General instrument functions A 13 Register transducers Transducer type SPM 40000 42000 44000 is added automati cally in the register and can not be edited or deleted The instru ment can also work with SPM DuoTech transducers and any other transducer of IEPE integrated electronic piezoelectric type with voltage output Transducers of not IEPE type which do not require power supply like velocimeters can also be used The IEPE type has then to be set to No To register a new transducer open Settings with SHIFT F3 Se lect Transducers 1 to
79. consists of six parts Part 1 Save contains general guide lines No of peaks to save Direction Parts 2 to 6 describe 5 different machine types Dart 3 Most of these have sub divisions each with its Group 1 2 own set of limit values defining acceptable and Support Rigid unacceptable vibration levels Quick mode 2 Yes Measure RPM simultaneously Yes The lines Part Group and Support 1 contain RPM trigger Trigger type none the data defining a specific set of limit values Transducer Portable in ISO 10816 Opening the line Part leads to Tre Name SLD144 a step by step guide that helps you to input all Trv Type ACC necessary data Trv Sensitivity mV mys 10 Tre Max frequency 10000 Quick mode 2 is used to speed up the measure Trv IEPE type Yas ment The measurement calculations will be based Trv Min bias range V 90 on the FFT instead of the time signal resulting in Trv Max bias range V 14 0 faster settling time Trv Settling time sec 3 0 Acquisition time 1 6 seconds Vibration measurement E 7 Data for ISO 10816 part 2 Part refers to a sub division of the ISO standard So far parts 2 to 6 have been published Marking a part number displays the definition of the machine type treated in the part In case the machine you want to monitor is a large land based steam turbine generator set in excess of 50 MW part 2 is your obvious choice This machine class has
80. ction 8 indicates that more options are available when pressing the correspond ing function key F1 F4 Pressing and holding the SHIFT instrument key offers further options still Zoom gt Zoom X zooms the display around the center of the current view while Zoom to cross zooms in on the crosshair Zoom back reverts the last zoom step while Zoom back all returns to the original time span The amplitude range can be changed by pressing SHIFT F1 The Rescale Y axis function sets the scale to the min max range of the measuring results Comments are placed along the time line and displayed in the upper right corner 9 replacing the measuring result information when put in focus by means of the crosshair To add a new comment press MENU gt Set comment Pressing MENU offers more functions such as Measuring protocol 10 which spaces the measuring result dots evenly regardless of the time intervals between measurements General measurement functions B 19 Measuring result window In the upper part of the measuring result window 1 the current measuring assignment data is dis played Saved measuring results from that measurement are displayed in the lower part of the display 2 The scroll bar 3 indicates that there are more parameters than those visible on the screen The measuring results are shown in this window both before and after saving the current measurement When sever
81. ctions these are delivered Leonova Emerald as a text file Leonova txt Each such order has a running package number and is individual for the instrument The files can only be loaded in package Communication Shift F1 order see Leonova Service program Open File Shift F2 To open the About Leonova file press MENU se amp Settings Shift F3 lect About Leonova 1 with UP DOWN arrow keys Previous Fi and press ENTER Next F2 Press BACK or ENTER to close the About window re laga Previous Next A 6 General instrument functions Navigation The Leonova main screen is divided into three areas e the menu bar 1 e the display window 2 e the function bar 3 The function bar shows actions controlled by the function keys F1 to F4 The functionality of the keys F1 to F4 can be changed to your personal settings see next side The navigation keys are e F1 to F4 are function keys used to select functions displayed on the screen above the keys The functions change in various modes e MENU is used to access more functions and settings The menu changes in various modes e M S is used to start measurement and to save the result after measurement e The ARROW keys move within the display window or in a popup window e ENTER opens activates a highlighted item It also closes functions and confirms changes e BACK switches back to previous window e SHIFT is used t
82. ctrum type is recognised from the measurement unit and the amplitude unit Spectrum wa 5 019 18 Pump DS L SPM dBm dBc O 11 341 SL 7013 01 22 13 42 34 U 6 3 delta 49 375 Hz 4 626 SL 50 62 lt 1 8 B 9 355 SL 100 P Matched symptoms Bearing BPFI SL 2013 01 27 13 42 14 lt 0 Hz 3 bao Hz c b Result 4 PM Orde 240 1 Hz 2 foom Zoom Zoom X om back back 9 Zoom To zoom in on the X axis of the spectrum press the F1 key Zoom 1 gt F1 Zoom X 2 This zooms the display around the center of the current view To zoom sideways press SHIFT F1 left or F2 right The displayed frequency range is shown below the diagram 3 To zoom in on the Y axis press the F1 key Zoom 1 gt F2 Zoom Y 4 The amplitude scale changes You can undo the last zoom step with Zoom back or restore the original diagram with Zoom back all 5 Cursors By default cursor A 6 is already in the spectrum when you open it To display a second cursor B press F2 Cursor 7 gt F2 Cursor B To remove it press F2 again For fine work move cursor A sideways with the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys and cursor B with SHIFT LEFT RIGHT 8 One step corresponds to spectrum resolution minimum distance between two spec trum lines For each step the cursor skips to the top of the spectrum line or if there is none to the base line amplitude 0 F
83. ctrum types displayed Averages Frequency units Saving options for spectrum Amplitude unit Scaling Zoom Symptom recognition 19 to 99 dBsv 1 dB 1 dB 1 5 sek rom plus bearing type and mean diameter or ISO bearing number LR and HR raw shock values CODE A to D evaluated green yellow red LUB no for oil film condition COND no for surface condition dBm dBc LR HR O to 20 000 Hz order tracking 400 800 1600 3200 6400 12800 Rectangle Hanning Hamming Flat Top linear power FFT linear FFT peak hold Hz CPM orders full spectrum peaks only S Shock Distribution S Shock Level linear or logarithmic X and Y axis true FFT zoom visual zoom bearing frequencies and optional patterns highlighted in the spectrum Automatic config of bearing symptoms linked to ISO bearing no General instrument functions A 29 Vibration severity ISO 2372 Measurement quantities velocity RMS value in mm s over 10 to 1000 Hz Evaluation table selection menu guided ISO 2372 Transducer line test bias voltage test Vibration severity ISO 10816 with spectrum Measurement quantity velocity acceleration and displacement according to individual parts in the standard Spectrum linear 1600 lines Hanning window Quick mode yes can be set ON OFF Transducer line test bias voltage test HD Enveloping Spectrum lines frequency and envelope filter limits are
84. cy amplitude and phase angle are shown 4 Move the blue marker with the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys In the Phase spectrum window you can select MENU gt Show phase noice 2 to see the phase angle for each line included in the spectra All other settings and graphical functions are the same as for spectrum see Spectrum functions earlier in this part of the manual Leonova Emerald Spectrum Shift F1 Shift F2 Time signal Hz CPM Orders Symptom Shift F4 Logarithmic x Logarithmic Y Zoom F1 Cursor ET Zoom Cursor Result M Orders B 32 General measurement functions Phase spectrum wa H 831 03 Pump DS P 50 Orders 800 Line 7 85 Orders 2010 10 30 10 29 16 phase 153 661 frequency 12 3125 Orders amplitude 12 023 HDesy Matched symptoms Besring BPFO Bearing BPFIM Bearing BSF 32 35 Orders E E Cursor A Harmonic joboscope Leonova Emerald Spectrum Time signal Phase spectrum Hz CPM Orders Symptom Logarithmic X Show phase noise 2 foom Cursor Shift F1 Shift F2 Shift F3 F4 Zoom Cursor Result M Orders The time signal For vibration and SPM HD measurements the time signal can be saved It can be seen directly after measuring and before saving or by calling up any stored measurement for the active measuring point amp H 831 03 Pump DS E 50 Orders 800 Line 10 355 25 53 HDes
85. d before use To release the battery pack lift and turn the locking screw A then pull out the battery pack from the instrument NOTE It is recommended to charge the battery pack at least once a month The reason for this is that the cells can not withstand being fully discharged completely Battery Charger The battery charger unit with AC adapter CHAO1 02 03 04 provides 9 3V 1 33A The AC adapter is specified for 100 to 240 VAC 50 to 60 Hz Do not use any other type of charger or AC adapter Connect the AC adapter 100 240 V AC to the charg er unit B and place the battery pack in the charger unit The charger unit can also be connected to 12V power in a car via the car charger cable 93484 A green LED on front of the charger indicates that power is connected CHARGE red LED lights up dur ing charging READY green LED lights up when the battery is fully recharged A full recharge can take up to 4 hours The maximum battery capacity is 5200 mAh Power low warning is given at 25 Measuring results are default stored in the flash memory and will not be erased if battery is low Battery Adapter 16644 Leonova can be connected to 100 240 VAC via an optional battery adapter SPM 16644 when using i g long time recording Replace the battery pack in Le onova with the battery adapter and connect it to the AC adapter Charger Unit e oUm a AC adapter POWER CHARGE READY
86. d the rotational weight U_ gr mm In the example the residual unbalance is 321 gr mm compared with the limit 700 gr mm valid at 150 kg rotating at 2000 rpm and the position of the weight at 500 mm from centre of rotation The limit is depending on the weight of the rotational mass and the RPM The residual unbalance value is depending on the position from the centre of rotation of the balancing weight For more detailed information please see ISO standard 1940 1 Max RPM 2000 Rotating mass kg Test weight distance rm Balance quality grade 1 G2 5 G63 G16 Grinding machine drives Small electric armatures with special requirements Previous 10000 g mm 1000 g mm 100 g mm 1000 RPM 10000 RPP ara Previous Rotor balancing F 19 F 20 Rotor balancing
87. de band pattern tend to put a lot of highlighters into the spectrum which can be confusing There is also a strong possibility that the multiples of the basic pattern overlap In the symptom shown below H the number of side bands has therefore been reduced to two on either side of the center line Spectrum Ga W 100 04 R Roll Pos4 ND Ga W 100 04 R Roll Pos4 ND H 50 Orders 800 Lin H 50 Orders 800 Lin HJ 205 SKF BPFIM 2013 01 15 10 50 05 NJ 205 SKF BPFIM 2013 01 15 10 50 05 0 188 254 HDesy O 188 4 Matched value 242 783 HDesy 7 Orders Sa a ee oe ee ee H 10 073 Orders 24 5 Orders Zoom Zoom X Zoom Y back all Zoom X Zoom back all The pattern in H is made clearer by placing marker on top of the BPFI line and selecting Show har monics l Please note While the presence of side bands and multiples in a spectrum is significant the actual number of such elements is not important The job of a symptom is to point out relevant data not to find everything Zooming in on the spectrum and sweeping a cluster of lines reveals how close together significant lines can be The BPFI factor of this bearing is 7 75 so the harmonics of BPFI are spaced 7 75 RPM 60 apart The symptom Bearing BPFIM looks for four harmonics but only two side bands B 30 General measurement functions Waterfall diagram The waterfall diagram is a three dimensional display of up to 99 vibration spectra The differe
88. de r EE 28 General instrument functions A 1 A 2 General instrument functions Leonova Emerald Leonova Emerald is a multi function hand held data collector signal analyzer for monitoring and diagnos ing machine condition The instrument is operated via keypad and programmable function keys Basic data for the measurement set up can be input manually or downloaded from Condmaster Ruby Leonova Emerald is always programmed for the meas uring techniques described in chapter C Other diag nostic and analytic functions for shock pulse measure ment vibration measurement and rotor balancing are user selected This instruction describes the general instrument set tings and basic operations Supplied accessories 14661 Wrist strap PRO52 Leonova Service Program Optional accessories 16573 Optional battery pack 16644 Battery adapter unit 100 240 V AC CHAO1 Battery charger incl AC adapter Euro plug CHAO2 Battery charger incl AC adapter UK plug CHAO3_ Battery charger incl AC adapter US plug CHAO4 Battery charger incl AC adapter AU plug 93484 Car charger cable 12 V CAB94 Communication cable USB mini USB 1m 16646 Shoulder strap with safety buckle 16675 Belt clip 16686 Protection foil for display CAS25 Carrying case plastic with foam insert CAS28 Carrying case soft with modular insert 81468 Code lock TSA approved for CAS25 81469 Silica gel moisture absorbent spare for CAS25 The equipment listed above i
89. e tip press the probe tip against the measuring point until the rubber sleeve is in contact with the surface Point at the bearing Hold the probe steady to avoid rubbing between probe tip and surface i Hold steady The probe is directionally sensitive It must be pointed straight at the bearing The centre of the probe tip should touch the surface Avoid pressing the probe tip against cavities and fillets which are smaller than the probe tip 4 Avoid small cavities and fillets The only part likely to wear out is the rubber sleeve for the probe tip It is made of chloroprene rubber neoprene and tolerates 110 C 230 F Spare sleeves have part number 13108 SPM 13108 Neoprene 110 C 230 F D 12 Shock pulse measurement The SPM HD measuring technique 60 40 RPM 100 Life time HDm HDc The SPM HD measuring technique is a refinement of the original dBm dBc measuring technique see page D 18 which has been successfully applied for more than 40 years It is well suited for industrial condition monitoring because it works with few easy to understand in and output data and with reasonable accuracy Even on a logarithmic scale there is normally a large distinct difference between the maximum values from good and bad bearings Thus minor inaccuracies in the input data rom and shaft diameter have little effect on the evaluated measuring result Lubrication conditi
90. e adapter cap or strapped in a suitable place on the machine It should not be mounted flat against a metal surface A distance of min 3 mm between metal surfaces and CondlID is recommended The tag responds to a recognition signal when Leonova is held close to the tag To connect a CondID tag to measuring point select the measuring point in the round press MENU and select Connect CondID to measuring point 1 In a downloaded measuring round the measuring points linked to CondID tags will be marked with a memory tag symbol 2 After opening the round hold Leonova close to the memory tag press the MENU key and select Read CondlD 3 The information on the tag will open the right measuring point in the round and Leonova is ready for measurement To break the link press MENU and select Dis connect CondID from measuring point 4 Press Yes to confirm Ea r 100 02 MCP 1 motor DE O Leonova Emerald Measure Save measurement Measure all 2 Connect CondID to measuring point 4 Disconnect CondID from meas point Alarms Shift F1 Set comment Shift F2 All comments Recording Measure all General measurement functions B 11 The measuring sequence Measuring with Leonova especially data logging with downloaded fully configured files is very easy Leonova Emerald Measure mme Measure all Read CondID Write to CondID L 200 04 Fan NDE Maa Alarms Shift
91. e measurement when the vibration rom level exceeds falls below the set value Delay time 4 is a delay in seconds before the measurement begins after the Trigger level is exceeded RPM trigger type 5 can be set to RPM run up or RPM run down 6 The measurement begins when the rom exceeds respectively falls below the set trigger level E 18 Vibration measurement 1000 Hz 1600 lines Variable speed No of spectrum lines 3200 Save Peaks No of peaks to save 800 Enveloping filter Hz HP 2000 Quick mode No Average Type FFT Linear Average count 4 Average overlap none Zoom centre frequency Hz 1 600 Zoom factor 4 Measure RPM simultaneously Yes Trigger selection RPM trigger Acquisition time 6 4 seconds 1000 Hz 1600 lines Variable speed Average overlap none zoom centre frequency Hz 600 zoom factor 4 Measure RPM simultaneously Yes Trigger selection 2 RPM trigger RPM trigger Trig S Type RPM run up RPM trigger Trig 3 level RPM 500 RPM trigger Delay time CHO 0 2 Transducer Portable Tre Name 5LD144 Try Type Try m m s Acquisition time G 4 seconds RPM trigger Trigger type RPM run down Measurement results Press the M S key to measure or F1 Measure all for a measurement in a round If the rom assignment is set up with Pseudo Tac in Condmaster this will automatically be acti vated and indicated together with the rpm 1
92. e menu options EIS EEE Select Undo changes to return to the default instrument settings EAE Pressing BACK switches back to previous window and will save your settings Set shortcut key Visible Move Delete separator Undo all changes Clase A 8 General instrument functions Reset In case of instrument malfunction you should remove the battery pack to perform a hardware reset This will erase all data in the RAM memory Do not open the instrument casing Service on Leonova may only be carried out by specially trained personnel authorized by SPM Instrument calibration An instrument calibration e g for the purpose of com pliance with ISO quality standard requirements is recom mended once per year The calibration is made at the Authorized Service Establishments The calibration reminder icon 1 in the upper right cor ner of the display shows when the Leonova is used for TA the recommended period and is to be sent to a by SPM authorized service establishment in your local area Main functions SPM LR HR HD The menu bar at the top of the screen opens six display windows each containing a number of files Functions marked grey are not implemented in your Leonova version and can not be opened Navigate in the menu bar with F1 previous and F2 next Select function in the display window with the ARROW keys and open with ENTER a FILE b RPM c SPM d VIBRATION e U
93. e relatively stiff in the direction of vibration measurement Class VI Machines and mechanical drive systems with unbalanceable inertia effects due to reciprocating parts mounted on foundations which are relatively soft in the direction of vibration measurements machines with rotating slackcoupled masses such as beater shafts in grinding mills machines like centrifugal machines with varying unbalances capable of operating as self contained units without connecting components vibrating screens dynamic fatigue testing machines and vibration exciters used in processing plants Measurement techniques always included C 11 Measuring points for vibration Vibration severity is primarily a measure for general machine condi tion Vibration at the measuring point should be representative for the overall vibration of the machine Typical measuring points are the bearing housings By measuring in three directions one can get an indication of the causes for increased vibration e Horizontal vibration H in the plane of rotation is most representa tive of balance condition e Vertical vibration V in the plane of rotation is most representative of structural weakness e Axial vibration A along the line of the shaft is most representative of faulty alignment and bent shafts To get comparable results the measuring points should be clearly marked so that the measurements can always be taken in the same spots and important at
94. e result 6 Write a for each digit To save the result press MENU and select Save as Select Save a file and input a name via the keyboard window Press ENTER to save B 8 003 04 test user def User defined 38 kW Press ENTER for manual input S B 003 04 test user def test user def Measure all i Speed li 1000 Hz 1600 Lines Li nummer ay eet G Next measuring point leasuring Graphics Leonova Emerald Glelelmfele User defined A A Temperature Oil pressure L_ Variable speed User input Oil pressure bar FFF amp User input 3 Oil pressure EG User input zea Oil pressure Measurinc Graphics Measurement techniques always included C 9 Vibration severity measurement Vibration severity measurement according to ISO 2372 is a broad band measurement over the frequency range 10 to 1000 Hz It returns the RMS value of vibration velocity in mm s or inch s This value is representative of the energy contents of machine vibration and thus of the destructive forces acting on the machine It is still widely regarded as a good and easy to obtain indicator of general machine condition Evaluation of machine condition The evaluation consists of a comparison of the measured value with the ISO limit values recommended for 6 different classes see definition on the next page The majority of industrial machinery belongs to the vibration
95. e saved Shock pulse measurement D 17 Measuring SPM HD When the MEASURE SAVE M S key is pressed Leonova samples the transducer signal for two seconds A preliminary result is displayed in the measurement window The HDm shown is the amplitude value of the strongest shock pulse registered during the measuring time To accept the displayed result press the ENTER RPM SPM Press ENTER for settings key The measurement window shows the two shock EtG H 831 03 Pump DS values 1 the status dot 2 and if transducer line quality test is enabled the TLO value 3 Save the result by pressing the MEASURE SAVE M S key or measure again with SHIFT M S ii ISO 10816 Horizonta When Variable speed is active the rom must be La ISO 10816 Vertical measured before measuring the shock values __ ii ISO 10816 Axial E res Graphics Spectrum me signal Measuring result H 831 03 Pump DS H 50 Orders 800 Line 2013 01 29 12 58 48 RFM 77 4 o mM 35 2 HDm Condition RPM1 COM MAN Trend graph HDc Condition Seki ca H 831 03 Pump DS I 50 Orders 800 Bearing BPFO HDesw Bearing BPFO Conditi Bearing BPFI HDesv 4g Bearing BPFI Conditi Bearing BPFIM HDesy 2 a ceva spectrum Previous ill si i a wa H 831 03 Pump DS result 7e ane lis 50 Orders 800 Line 2013 01 29 12 58 48 A 2 766 HDesy 39 0675 Orders Matched symptoms Bearing BPR Bearing BPFIM Bearing ESF
96. e simply means the difference between LR and HR The operating condition of the bearing is expressed by the CODE letter the LUB no and the COND no all of them not measuring but evaluation results CODE A means that the bearing is in good condi tion There is no detectable damage to the surfaces of the load carrying parts and no extreme lack of lubricant in the rolling interface CODE B indicates dry running The lubricant is not reaching the rolling interface This can have several causes e g lack of lubricant supply to the bearing low temperature in a grease lubricated bearing or a heavy overload due to misalignment tight fit deformed housing etc CODE C is displayed when the instrument detects an increased shock pulse level with a large delta value This points to beginning surface damage CODE D is displayed when the signal is typical for bearing damage a high shock level with a large delta value Contamination of the lubricant by hard particles causes a similar signal The message of the codes is supported by the status dot green for CODE A yellow for B and C red for D P so oi OTER pfo HR delta 20 of aol LR Measured value for strong shock pulses HR Measured value for weak shock pulses LR HR Delta value dBsv Unit for absolute shock pulse value LR HR CODE CODE CODE CODE O 30 40 5O 60 dB HR A Good condition B Caution dry running C Caution damage developing D Bad
97. e symp toms Below are examples of multi line symptoms wa W 100 04 R Roll Pos4 ND D Same as B but containing the first harmonic at BPFI plus 50 Orders 800 Lin three harmonics altogether four possible matches 5 In NJ 205 SKE EPFI MENEE this example the match found by Leonova agrees with the 0 485 254 HDesv A 163 703 HDesv 7 Orders obvious peaks in the spectrum all dashed lines are on top Matched symptoms of the largest lines 5 NJ 205 SKF BPFI W 100 04 R Roll Pos4 ND uo 50 Orders 800 Lin NJ 205 SKF BPFI Theoretical s2019 01 15 10 50 05 0 188 254 HDesy Zoom Cursor Result M Orders E Same as C marking the positions where BPFI and its three harmonics should be according to the calculations In case of the first line 6 reality as reproduced by the FFT agrees with the calculation However the next three lines in the pattern are not quite in their calculated positions they are beside the dashed lines 7 O EE 0 Orders 35 Orders Zoom Zoom Zoom X Zoom Y back back all Please note that such near misses are normal especially for the more rigid Theoretical symptom Vibration itself is a con tinuous event which is first digitalized during measurement Q and the subjected to mathematical manipulations to get the spectrum At every step there are tolerances so an offset must be expected W 100 04 R Roll Pos4 ND 50 Orders 800 Lin The resolution of this sp
98. earing parts and housing as well as the load put on the bearing by alignment and fitting D 28 Shock pulse measurement Full lubrication Boundary lubrication LUB Ball bearing Dry running Boundary lubrication Full lubrication LUB Roller bearing Dry running Boundary lubrication Full lubrication The COND number and error codes The COND No condition number is displayed with CODE B C and D i e for all bearings with reduced or bad condition It indicates the degree of surface deterioration or damage in the rolling interface Large visible surface damage typically leads to a very marked increase in the bearing s LR readings and a high delta value Thus it is easily detected and will give Code D and high COND numbers When a COND number is displayed the bearing should be watched very carefully Once damage has started it cannot be reversed Temporary improvements of the COND No only mean that the edges of fresh spallings or imprints have been rounded off Soon there will be new spallings The time left to plan a bearing replacement depends on the trend of the COND No As a rule COND Nos should be interpreted as follows COND No lt 30 Minor damage COND No 30 to 40 Increasing damage COND No gt 40 Severe damage ERROR CODES E2 Disturbance E3 Signal too low When the measured signal is not within the evaluation frame the Leonova will display error codes E2 is displayed wh
99. ectrum is 1 Hz so the line is offset by a single digital step D 7 571 Orders 227 119 Orders zoom Zoom Zoom X Zoom Y back back all B 28 General measurement functions Multi line symptoms with harmonics The symptom register in Condmaster contains a number of symptoms searching for groups of lines These are of three kinds a harmonics of a single frequency line b side bands to a single frequency line c harmonics of a side band pattern Note that harmonics are also called multiples and orders Alternative a is illustrated on the pre vious page Damage on the rotating inner race of a bearing typi cally affects the line at the ball pass frequency over the inner race BPFI Quite often it also produces side bands to this frequency line In Condmaster the symptom BPFIM M modulation is configured to show two sidebands on either side of the centre line BPFI which is not highlighted F W 100 04 R Roll Pos4 ND 50 Orders 800 Lin MI 205 SKF BPFIM 2013 01 15 10 50 05 Adding the marker to the centre line of the patters displays the position of BPFI and shows that it is covered by its own symptom G wa W 100 04 R Roll Pos4 ND li 50 Orders 800 Lin NJ 205 SKF EPFIM 2013 01 15 10 50 05 0 188 254 HDesw A 119 754 HDesv 14 Orders l Matched symptoms I NJ 205 SKF BPFI i l 3 608 Orders General measurement functions B 29 Harmonics of a si
100. eight to determine 4 runs the vibration severity mm s RMS of the rotor followed by three measurements with trial weights at 0 120 and 240 to calculate the weight and position of the correction mass No rom measurement is needed but all measurements must be done at the same rpm Single plane balancing 2 runs This method uses one measurement without trial weight to determine E A the vibration severity mm s RMS of the rotor followed by one e ua measurements with a trial weight to calculate the weight and position of the correction mass It requires time synchronised vibration measurement trigger pulse supplied by a pulse from the SPM tachometer probe or a proximity switch to find the relative phase angle between the two vibration measurements Please note To get a good result fast the static unbalance must be corrected before starting the balancing procedure with Leonova For all methods a final run can be made to check the balancing results and if needed get the data for further adjustments Leonova then saves a balancing log file Leonova guides step by step through the balancing procedure One can shift the rotation direction and change the measured parameter from velocity to acceleration or displacement In addition to the RMS value a spectrum is shown to help find the part of vibration that is due to unbalance For the 2 run methods the number of synchronized readings for obtaining a time average is set t
101. en HR gt LR which normally means a high even disturbance signal such as pump cavitation or a screaming steam box E3 signal too low can often be remedied by setting a COMP no AZ Au S Oo CODE C COND 28 to 32 Beginning bearing damage CODE C COND gt 32 Minor to severe bearing damage Shock pulse measurement D 29 Input data for LR HR and LR HR HD Measuring points for the SPM techniques are normally SPM LR HR set up in Condmaster and then downloaded to Leonova a i Variable speed However it is possible to open the Leonova default file in the SPM window and configurate all measuring parameters Mean diameter mm Select LR HR or LR HR HD and open with ENTER Measure RPM simultaneously NORM Transducer COMP Before starting measurements make sure that the shock ACCUM a pulse transducer you are using with your Leonova is ee Ee ye SPM Spectrum properly selected Tiati Tre Name SPM 40000 42000 44000 Default transducers for the shock pulse techniques are hike SPM set up via the transducer register Default transducer Select transducer is the active transducer when Portable transducer is SPM 40000 42000 44000 selected under Measuring point data To select a default DuoTech transducer see Chapter A page 15 5LC144B You can select other shock pulse transducers from the transducer register 1 if you switch Transducer from SPM LR HR Portable to Remote
102. ency mode 6 can not be used To select source 3 press F1 To return to the measuring technique window press the BACK key C 14 Measurement techniques always included Write to CondID Alarms Set comment Shift F2 All comments Recording Measuring point data Shift F3 Save as Select source Olen VIB 1 Source 40000 Volume Filter 4 High pass 500 gt High frequency mode Amplification SPM 40000 and 42000 transducers Vibration and SPM 44000 transducers Leonov EMERALD Shock pulse measurement Contents Shock pulse t chnigUeS serso saveretwanienscenepaususleeineterereestaendectcans 3 Rules for SPM measuring points seessseseseesesseserseserseseeseese gt 4 Examples of SPM measuring points ccccecceeeeeeceeeeeeeeeenees 6 Equipment for shock pulse measurement ecceceeceeceeeeenes 8 Equipment for shock pulse measurement ccceceeceeeeeeeenes 9 Transducer with Quick connector cececcec ee sec eee eeeeneeeeneenens 10 Permanently installed transducers terminal seses 11 Shock pulse transducer with Probe cccceececeeeneceeeeeeeeeees 12 The SPM HD measuring technique cccscceccecceeeeceeeeeeenes 13 Normalized condition readings cccecceesecseeeececeeeeeeeeeeenees 14 inp tdatator SPM a Deen eee ea een eee eee nee een eee 15 Transducer line quality ccccccceecscceececeeeeeceeeenseaeeeeeeeeeenes 17 Measuring SPM
103. ent riter Header Balancing Dual plane 2015 07 02 High vibrations at 1 Comment betore Comment ater W Save as word file Frint x Close Vibration level according 1501940 ISO balancing standard 1940 1 Determination of permissible residual unbalance The recommendations are given based on experi ence concerning the balance quality requirements of rigid rotors according to type mass and service speed There are three methods used to determine the permissible residual unbalance U_ per e Empirical quality grades derived from long term practical experience from a large number of rigid rotors e One experimental method often used in mass production balancing e Method based on specific permissible bearing forces calculated by defining U as a sum of the permissible residual unbalances in the bearing planes The result from the measurements mm s will be recalculated into values that can be compared to the graph described in ISO 1940 1 The balancing result for single plane 2 runs and the result after applying the balancing weight and the trim weight will be plotted into a graph for the selected balance quality grade G1 G2 5 G6 3 or G16 1 The residual unbalance is depending on the actual rotational weight the distance of the balancing weight from the centre of rotation and the speed of the application The result is described as a value that is independ ent of speed an
104. er To suppress all vibration in the lower frequency ranges a high pass HP filter is set at 1000 or 2000 Hz 1 To suppress vibrations in both the lower and the higher frequency ranges select one of the band pass BP filters Quick mode Quick mode 2 is used to speed up the measure ment The measurement calculations will be based on the FFT instead of the time signal resulting in faster data acquisition time Quick mode can not be combined with enveloping time signal or condition parameters Crest Kurt Skew NL1 to NL4 Average type To achieve greater accuracy one can order the average result 3 from a stated number measure ments average count set on the number pad To get a time synchronous average a tachometer must be connected which supplies a trigger pulse This starts each measurement with the shaft in the same posi tion FFT linear gives the mean value of the measure ments while FFT peak hold gives the maximum value Average overlap To achieve faster collection of measuring values one can set Averge overlap 4 to 25 or 50 This function reduces the measuring time by using less time waveform data to produce the spectrum 1000 Hz 1600 lines Variable speed No of spectrum lines Save Peaks No of peaks to save 800 Enveloping fitter Hz G HP 2000 Quick mode 2 No Average type 3 FFT Linear Average count 4 Average overlap none zoom centre frequency Hz 600 Zoom fact
105. er register When several transducers are in use they should be marked to assure that the readings are calibrated The acquisition time 3 is automatically updated when the parameters that affect the time changes Leonova Emerald T Gle e m Vibration ha 1000 Hz HD ENV ISO 10816 1600 lines nD ISO 2372 wi ISO 10816 DISP um VEL mm s Era 150 10816 o k E ISO 10816 o Measuring Graphics Spectrum Time sign 150 10816 Variable speed Time signal unit Save No of peaks to save Direction Part 3 Group 2 Support Rigid Quick mode Yes Measure RPM simultaneously Yes RPM trigger Trigger type none Transducer 2 Portable Tr Name 5LD144 Tre Type ACC Trv Sensitivity mW mis 10 Tre Max frequency 10000 Tre IEPE type Yeas Trw Min bias range V 9 0 Trv Max bias range W 14 0 Tre Settling time sec 3 0 Acquisition time 1 6 secon Vibration measurement E 5 To evaluate a spectrum you need to know the RPM of the shaft at the time of vibration measurement Mark Variable speed 1 This forces a speed meas urement before you can measure the vibration Time signal unit 2 can be ACC VEL or DISP On the line Save 3 you determine the type of measuring results you want There are five alterna tives Time signal FFT calculated saves the time signal and calculates the FFT Full spectrum returns a 16
106. er to avoid leaving finger prints Separate the foil from its backing 3 Hold up the protection foil with the sticky side pointing upwards 4 Spray liberally on the sticky side and lightly on the top side of the foil Run a moist finger over the sticky side and spread the liquid evenly over the entire surface Positioning of protection foil 5 Apply the protection foil to the instrument with the sticky side down and drag the protection foil into the right position 6 Use the plastic squeegee to remove possible bubbles and moisture work outwards from the middle It is advisable to hold the foil in place with a finger while doing this so that it doesn t move 7 Dry off any excess moisture with a cloth Small bubbles and unevenness will disappear of their own accord within a few days 8 Let the protection foil dry 12 hour before use Procedure for replacing or moving wrist strap The wrist strap is easily loosened by unbutton the handle then loosen the Velcro in the end of the strap Loosen the strap from the metal buckle at the other end Install the wrist strap in the opposite manner and adjust the strap length by moving the metal buckle General instrument functions A 21 Communication with the PC Leonova connects to the PC via the USB cable Leonova Emerald E CAB94 Leonova communicates with eTel e e Leonova Service Program i e Condmaster Ruby File Place both programs into the same folder on your am
107. es are coming from the bearing and not from other possible shock sources on the machine Thus the spectrum can make it unneces sary to verify by lubrication test or signal strength comparison searching for the strongest signal source with the handheld probe To obtain a spectrum go to MENU gt Measuring point data Mark the SPM Spectrum row 1 Press the ENTER key and set SPM Spectrum to Yes 2 The default setting is a power spectrum over the range O to 1000 Hz It has 1600 lines of which 800 peaks are saved The standard window Hanning is used All these settings can be edited Please note that is not necessary to have an exact rom reading in order to measure a spectrum However the exact rom is very important when you want to interpret the spectrum especially when you upload it to Condmaster and search for bearing patterns with the help of the bearing symptoms All bearing symptoms use the rpm as a variable If the stored rom data does not agree with the actual rpm at the time the shock signal was measured Condmaster cannot find the bearing patterns correctly Thus by working with rough estimates of the rpm instead of fresh measurements the symptom search and especially the symptom value calculation is made worthless For measurements intended for saving in Condmaster it is therefore highly recommended to mark Variable speed 3 For spectrum functions in Leonova se part B of this manual S
108. ess MENU and select Save measurement The measurement can be saved as a result file or as a file with default settings After the file or measuring round is uploaded to Condmaster measuring results available for analysis are time signal in ampere and spectrum y axis is always ampere 80 00 Hz 1600 lines _ Variable speed Order tracking 4 Frequency upper Hz 1 Time signal unit Spectrum unit User defined name User defined unit Window FFT type 6 No of spectrum lines No 20 80 User defined User defined Current clamp A Hanning Linear 1600 Save Time signal and FFT Enveloping filter Hz Quick mode Average Type Average count Average overlap zoom centre frequency Hz Zoom factor RPM Trigger selection Transducer Trv Name Tr Type Tre User defined name Tre User defined unit Try Sensitivity mW A Trv Max frequency Trv IEPE type Acquisition time 6 4 seconds O Clamp 345 T 4 268 A Clamp 345 Peak 13 28 A Clamp 345 Peak to peak 26 40 A amp 1000 Hz 1600 lines VIB 1 Remote G 1000 Hz 1600 lines mam 0 00 wa 1000 Hz 1600 lines WE 80 00 Hz 1600 lines 2014 02 07 10 36 53 none No FFT Linear 4 none none Portable Fluke i1000s User defined Current clamp A 100 10000 No a A 1 845 A 50 Hz Hz CPM C Vibration measurement E 27 E 28 Vibration measurement Leonov EMERA
109. ess enter to activate it e Close Measuring point data Connect the probe measure and check the result If you choose to save the measuring result you can view it under Graphics while the file is still open Leonova Emerald Temperature rusted iron Temperature u ese le 2 x surface i Temperature painted surface ie rin L Temperature C pee TA Press ENTER for manual input EG Tem perature painted surface oO he o Temperature Measuring point data settings General measurement functions B 5 Measurement with edited default files Editing the measuring point data only temporarily modifies the default file Depending on the measuring technique selected different settings are available for editing In the example on the previous page only one parameter can be edited for temperature measurement namely Variable speed SPM HD Variable speed Shaft diameter mm Measure RPM simultaneously Yes Measuring time Same as FFT FFT measurement Yes Frequency upper Orders 100 No of spectrum lines 1600 Symptom enhancement factor OT save puli L_ Variable speed Shaft diameter mm 1200 0 RPM 118 HDi Calculated To the right is an example showing the default settings for SPM HD measurement 1 all of which can be edited In the second screen shot 2 shaft diameter and RPM have been input and the meas uring time set to equal 10 revolutions
110. eter must not be moved between measure ments wi Rotor balancing F 9 Transducer selection and speed measurement The balancing procedure is menu guided Select the method then simply follow the instructions on the instrument screen The first steps are common for all methods Start with selection of transducer The transducer selected under Transducer register will be displayed as default Follow the setup guide by pressing the F2 function key Next For the 4 run method the RPM data are only needed to find the 1X position in the spectrum and thus check on the amount of unbalance You can do balancing work in three ways 1 without the RPM input it via the numbers pad Preset or measure it RPM can be measured with two methods 2 synchronized recommended or asynchronized Synchronized means that each measurement starts in exactely the same shaft position Asynchronized only require one reading and is a quicker way of measuring RPM The 2 run method is automatically set for synchronous RPM measurements see previous page You can input the number of synchronized readings 3 recommended are 10 20 If the machine is severely unbalanced you might increase the number of synchronized readings even more F 10 Rotor balancing Single plane 4 runs Transducer Select transducer The transducer sensitivity can be changed under Settings Vibration transducers SLD 144
111. etermine rpm from spectrum 3 Previous Next 0 10616 Variable speed 3 Support Quick mode RPM trigger Trigger type Transducer Portable p is S 2 ee ee ee Sb Pat d ot _ Fa Set RPM from cursor 3000 00 General measurement functions B 35 HD Order Tracking HD Order tracking is an optional Leonova function primarily used for SPM HD and vibration analysis on variable speed machines The method uses multiples of rotational speed orders rather than absolute frequency Hz The number of orders to be shown is input by the user Leonova will then automatically set the sampling frequency to an exact multiple of the measured rom Order tracking will also minimise the risk of smearing when using FFT averaging The purpose of using orders is to lock the display to the rotational speed 1X and its multiples which means that the ordered components in the spectrum always remain in the same position in the display even if the rotational speed varies between the measurements Two or several spectra from the same machine with variable speed can therefore more easily be compared if they are expressed in orders Using order tracking the frequency range will always cover the symptoms of interest regardless of the rotational speed of the machine To activate Order Tracking go to MENU in the measurement window gt Measuring point data 1 and select Order tracking 2 Press ENTER to m
112. everal words or hyphens in the name will put it on two or more lines Marking an item on the list and pressing F1 Edit opens the window 3 where you can set char acter size and or select another font 4 for the item Mark the font name press ENTER to open the font list 5 Please note that this will not af Leonova Emerald fect the other items f Edit Press MENU and select Close to save settings J Reset fonts to factory default 6 will reset all 6 Reset fonts to factory default items to default values TE A 18 General instrument functions Create measurement files The file Create default settings 1 under Set tings is very important It creates measurement files for all measuring techniques and places them under the measuring technique windows You cannot use Leonova as a stand alone meas uring instrument without these files The installation is simple Press MENU and open Settings Select Create default settings and press F1 OK The example shows the measurement files cre ated in the vibration technique window a file for vibration 1000Hz 1600 lines and a file each for vibration measurement according to ISO 10816 and ISO 2372 Function and use Leonova has a number of platform functions which are always available Other functions are user selectable and can be bought in retrospect when needed Function and use under MENU Settings shows a list
113. example bearing and gear damages HD Enveloping requires that the measuring technique Vibration Premium or Vibration Supreme is active Vibration measurement E 3 Measuring points for vibration Common for all vibration measurement is that the vibration at the measuring point has to be representative for the overall vibration of the machine Please study ISO 10816 it shows examples for various machine types Typical measuring points are the bearing housings ISO 10816 states the required measuring directions e Horizontal vibration H in the plane of rotation is most representative of balance condition e Vertical vibration V in the plane of rotation is most representative of structural weakness e Axial vibration A along the line of the shaft is most representative of faulty alignment and bent shafts As the cause for excessive vibration will usually show up in the spectrum measuring in the direction that returns the highest RMS value can be quite sufficient to accurately establish machine condition To get comparable results measuring points should be clearly marked so that the measurements can always be taken in the same spots SPM vibration transducers can be used e as a hand held probe with or without the probe tip attached Not recommended above 1000 Hz e with a magnet for attachment to ferrous metal parts Not recommended above 2000 Hz e with the M8 UNC 1 4 28 mounting screw The firmer t
114. fferent FFT types FFT types 1 can be selected 1000 Hz 1600 lines Linear spectrum consists of RMS values on a linear Variable speed scale Each value is the equivalent of the RMS value of Order tracking No a sinusoidal signal of the correspondent frequency If Frequency SERN Hz 3 the spectrum unit is velocity v the amplitude scale is ee ee l Frequency upper Hz 1000 accordingly Vrms ee ea Time signal unit VEL Amplitude spectrum is closely related to the Linear Spectrum unit VEL spectrum scale The Amplitude spectrum shows the Window Hanning peak value instead of the RMS value If the spectrum FFT type 1 Linear unit is velocity v the amplitude scale is accordingly No of spectrum ines 2 3200 er Save 3 Peaks Power spectrum Autopower Each value is the equiv No of peaks to save 4 00 alent of the RMS square value of a sinusoidal signal of Enveloping fitter Hz HP 200 the correspondent frequency If the spectrum unit is Quick mode velocity v the amplitude scale is accordingly V7 ms ae Ta a E Acquisition time 6 4 seconds Power Spectral Density PSD This is a power spec trum where each amplitude value is divided by the FFT line width times the used window s equivalent noise band width If the spectrum unit is velocity v the amplitude scale is accordingly v7 m Hz As general advice use Power Power spectral density Linear or Power spectrum on periodic signals Am
115. g alarms in Condmaster In the example two assignments are setup with different fiter settings 500 10 000 Hz filter 3 and 5000 40000 Hz filter 4 Both assignments are measured parallel when pressing Measure all 2 The status dots 3 are grey because there are no evaluation criteria for the HD Enveloping assignments set up in Leonova To delete a measuring result press F1 Meas uring result select result and then press F3 to delete Selected result is marked with a blue vertical line Press F2 to see the HDrp trend in full scale where you can re scale the axis set comments etc see part B of this manual E 24 Vibration measurement A 111 11 Pump motor DE 100 Ord HDenv Eisuring 9 100 Ord HDenv MEA RPM PseudoTac 1456 7 Cancel aa A 111 11 Pump motor DE a A 111 11 Pump motor DE A i Next measuring point ae rales easuring t Graphics Spectrum ime signal Press F3 to see the HD ENV Spectrum 1 This is useful to determine where a possible bearing damage is located It is also useful for trending purposes applying symptom and band values The spectrum is displayed in HDeu or HDeuE when an enhancement factor is used Pressing F4 2 toggles between Hz CPM and if rom is measured orders Press F4 to see the HD ENV Time Signal 3 This is extremely useful to locate where in the bearing a possible damage is located In many cases it is also possible to determine t
116. h Transducer from Portable to Remote When using a Duolech sensor all fields displays 3 that normally apply to a vibration transducer The actual data for the individual transducer is written on its calibration card This data should always be input in the transducer register When several transducers are in use they should be marked to assurethat the readings are calibrated Note that measurements with DuoTech will be performed at channel VIB 1 HDi For a normalized reading of bearing condition with the Leonova default file go to MENU gt Measuring point data and set the initial value HDi The default setting is HDi Calculated which produces the normalized shock values with condition status display If known the HDi can be input directly via the keyboard Mark the HDi row then press the F1 key Edit If the HDi is not known input the rotational speed rom and the shaft diameter and Leonova will calcu late and display the HDi for you There are two alternatives for entering the shaft diameter Input ISO bearing number 4 opens a window 5 where you set the last two digits of the ISO number using the UP DOWN arrow keys on the Leonova keypad Input diameter 6 opens the Leonova keyboard Write the shaft diameter then edit RPM and input the rom on the keyboard Leonova Emerald dEm dBc LR HR llama Mi Mi SPM LR HR SPM SPM HD Spectrum Spectrum dB
117. h the vibration behaviour of the rotor The following run is made with a trial weight fastened at a convenient spot along the rotor Thus we add a known unbalance factor which allows us to calculate the position and weight of the unknown heavy spot from the change in vibration behavour F 8 Rotor balancing Unbalance Theoretical symptom 0 13 338 m s 0 24000 Hz Four run method Using four runs three of them with the same trial weight fixed first at 0 then at 120 and 240 along the rotor circumference is the traditional balancing method It is important to run the machine at the same speed at all measurements Traditionally the position and weight of the balancing weight were calculated by drawing a graph of the vibration vectors This part of the work is now done by Leonova after the last run the instrument displays the balancing weight in grams ounces and its position in degrees measured from the point where the first trial weight was placed Two run method The two run method work with synchronized vibration measurement This requires a trigger pulse from a tachometer Each measurement starts in exactly the same shaft position The tachometer position becomes part of the reference system needed to calculate the angles between 0 the position of the trial weight the position of the heavy spot and the position of the artificial unbalance created by the trial weight The tachom
118. han they should be The overall term for the concept of transducer line quality testing is TLO Depending on the transducer used the following applies regarding units of measure and accepted values Transducer type 40000 42000 44000 Vibration transducers IEPE Accepted values 15 25 26 40 kO According to transducer settings If the TLO value is outside the accepted level s the measuring result cannot be saved Further information regarding TLO is found in the respective measuring technique chapters in this manual B 4 General measurement functions Measurement with default files Measurement with default files is used for a once only check where you do not need to save the measuring result Default files are available for all measuring techniques and are activated with the menu option Create default settings under MENU gt Settings e Select a measurement function from one of the tabs In this example User defined is selected 1 On the selected tab pick one of the default files 2 e Mark the file and press the ENTER key to open the measurement function Press the MENU key gt Measuring point data gt ENTER to display the available settings e In this example temperature measurement the only setting available is Variable speed 3 This can be activated if you want to measure RPM in conjunction with the temperature measurement Use the UP DOWN arrow keys to mark this setting and pr
119. hase angle between the two cursors Note Phase angle is shown only if rom is measured When two cursors are in place you can activate periods by pressing F3 Periods 7 This creates multiples with the same distance as that between cursors A and B 8 This feature is a useful aid for identifying fault symptoms While in cursor mode the cursors can be moved side ways move cursor A with the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys and cursor B with SHIFT LEFT RIGHT For each step the time and amplitude of the spot beneath the marker are briefly displayed To mark a different period use MENU gt Clear all and start again B 34 General measurement functions H 831 03 Pump DS 50 Orders 800 Line 10 395 29 53 HDesv 2010 10 30 10 29 16 AY A 14 678 HDesy 7 7658 5 ji I ANA MA mn f MAN 7 161 5 5 564 s Zoom Cursor Result G H 831 03 Pump DS i 50 Orders 800 Line 10 335 25 52 HDesy 2010 10 30 10 79 16 ay E dette 0 1858 s 4 9231 Orders 73 125 A 14 678 HDesy 7 7655 s E 11 258 HDesy 7 9557 5 O nih h lh ilu LUN l i SA NGAGE UPUREA LTA i F676 eS Cursor A Tar Periods amp H 831 03 Pump DS EP 50 Orders 800 Line 10 334 75 53 HDesy 2010 10 30 10 79 16 Ho data 0 1858 s 4 9231 Orders 73 125 A 14 578 HDesv 7 7698 s B 11 258 HDesy 7 9557 5 l fall NDNA lai la NAA l E 9 358 5 Cursor A Cursor B Periods foboscope Determine RPM f
120. he contact with the machine the better the measuring result Plain clean metal makes the best contact surface for the vibration transducer When using a hand held probe it is important to press the transducer with the same strength every time to get comparable readings DuoTech accelerometers Dual Technology The DuoTech accelerometer is a single transducer solution used for vibration or shock pulse measurements or both in combination e DuoTech with quick connector TRC100 for use with permanently Hand held probe installed measuring adapters Connect the DuoTech via the measuring cable CAB82 e DuoTech for permanent installation SLC144 Permanently installed DuoTech accelerometers are mounted in a countersunk mounting holes identical to holes normally used by shock pulse transducers The accelerometer has 2 pin connector and is connected to Leonova or a measuring terminal via twisted pair cable DuoTech is connected to the VIB input on Leonova DuoTech with quick connector Transducer line quality TLO Leonova is automatically testing the quality of signal transmission between transducers of type IEPE and instrument before measurement The unit of measure is voltage Bias Accepted values depends on transducer settings Not acceptable values generates an error message E 4 Vibration measurement Measuring point configuration ISO 10816 Measuring points for ISO 10816 EVAM and FFT with symptoms are normally set u
121. he nature of the damage a single crack or spalling all around etc The scale on the y axis is displayed in HD euE when an enhancement factor is used and HDeu when the factor is off You can choose zoom functions cursors and other graphical functions with the function keys See Spectrum functions in part B of this manual Spectrum A 111 11 Pump motor DE GY 100 Ord HDenv4 RPM 1500 0 1500 0 1500 0 0 72 51 HDeuE 2015 05 28 10 46 52 Ar 63 053 HDevE 7 Orders PM Orde Time signal A 111 11 Pump motor DE at 100 Ord HDenv4 RPM 1500 0 1500 0 1500 0 110 899 139 722 HD2euE Zoom Cursor l Result Vibration measurement E 25 Motor current analysis Motor current analysis can be performed with the EVAM vibration analysis technique using a current clamp e g Fluke i1000s or a permanently installed current tranformer connected to the VIB input This feature is used for troubleshooting primarily on electrical motors with at least 70 workload NOTE It is important to follow safety precau tions and that the measurement is performed by authorized personnel In order to use a current clamp a user defined transducer is to be set up Fluke i1000s is the type of current clamp used in this example To register a user defined vibration press MENU and open Settings SHIFT F3 Select Vibra tion transducers and press F1 OK to open the transducer register 1 Select
122. hest possible zoom corresponds to a 12800 line spectrum For this combine the lowest number of spectrum lines 400 with a zoom factor of 32 32 x 400 12800 Witha centre frequency of 600 Hz you will get a spectrum over the range 584 375 to 615 625 Hz with a resolution of 0 078125 Hz No of spectrum lines 400 800 1600 em 6400 12800 Full spectrum EIG SPM spectrum type Symptom SL Average type none Time synchronous FFT Linear FFT Peak hold Enter Confirm Shift Left Right Change TAB 56 789 charact Shock pulse measurement D 35 D 36 Shock pulse measurement Leonov EMERALD Vibration measurement Contents Vibration analysis TECHNIQUES sssssssssssesesesesesesesesesesessssesese 3 Measuring points for vibration winsxetsmsntextucradeuncuastaeedcimedcsemeneans 4 Measuring point configuration ISO 10816 5 Guide for machine classification ccccceccecceeceeceeceeeeeeesenes 7 Data roro O TOEI e 4 ce ae ene enn ee mee ere eee eee 8 Data for ISO 10816 part 3 icscssixvssscssnsacderatavtagaonssennneeronceeesieoness 9 Data tor ISO 10816 part Aesop eters rere en eee 10 Data ioris 10016 pari Derrior ence score e rs 10 Data tor IO 10616 pari Gersrroren enr anan ER 11 Measurement results ISO 10816 nonnnnnnssssssnneneessssssssree 12 Making a vibration assignment sssssssssssesseseseseseesesesseseseeee 13 Defining the assignment s s
123. iameter mm 5 ISOxxxil Variable speed The alternative Variable speed 1 implies that the shock pulse measurement is preceded by a measure ment of the rom Measure RPM simultaneously Measure RPM simultaneously 2 is normally not used With this setting on you are forced to measure the rom simultaneously with the shock pulse measurement RPM Trigger When measuring on variable speed machines an RPM trigger can be used to determine when to start a measurement ensuring that it is carried out at an appropriate speed The RPM trigger can be used on applications where useful readings can be obtained only within a limited RPM range such as in cranes RPM trigger 3 can be set to RPM run up or RPM run down RPM run up means Leonova will initiate the measurement then wait for the machine to speed up to the level input under Trigger level before it starts recording the signals With RPM run down Leonova waits for RPM to slow down to the Trigger level setting Under Delay time you can specify a number of seconds during which Leonova will delay the start of measurement This setting is optional SPM Spectrum An SPM spectrum measurement can be carried out along with the dBm dBc measurement It is measured in addition to the ordinary shock values Mark the SPM Spectrum row 4 Press ENTER and set SPM Spectrum to Yes Settings for SPM
124. ill be performed at channel VIB 1 dBi For a normalized reading of bearing condition with the Leonova default file go to MENU gt Measuring point data and set the initial value dBi The default setting is dBi O which produces the normalized shock values with condition status display If known the dBi can be input directly via the keyboard Mark the dBi row 3 then press the F1 key Edit If dBi is not known input the rotational speed rpm and the shaft diameter and Leonova will calculate and display the dBi for you There are two alternatives for shaft diameter Input ISO bearing number 4 opens a window 5 where you set the last two digits of the ISO number using the UP DOWN arrow keys on the Leonova keypad Input diameter 6 opens the keyboard Write the shaft diameter then edit RPM and write the rom on the keyboard The dBi will be displayed when the data input is complete 3 D 20 Shock pulse measurement SPM dBm dBe _ Variable speed Shaft diameter mm RPM 1 SPM Spectrum Transducer Trv Name Tre Input Type Trv Type Tre Sensitivity mV my s Trv Max frequency Tre IEPE type Trv Min bias range V 2 Tre Max bias range V Trv Settling time sec DuoTech DuoTech SPM VIB SPM dBm dBe Variable speed Shaft diameter mm RPM dbi PASSA ES SPM EE eE MEU DuoTech 1 TM SLC144B Tre SPM dBm dBc _ Variable speed Shaft d
125. ined name The measured parameter User defined unit The measured unit 1000 Hz 1600 lines L_ Variable speed Order tracking Frequency lower Hz Frequency upper Hz Time signal unit Spectrum unit User defined name User defined unit No B 1000 User defined User defined Pressure Bar Sensitivity The transducer s nominal Window ee sensitivity in mV measured FFT type Linear No of spectrum lines 1600 unit Save Full spectrum Enveloping filter Hz none IEPE type Select No Quick mode No Press F1 to save the settings and close with the Average Type Average count Average overlap FFT Linear 4 none BACK key Zoom centre frequency Hz Zoom factor To select the User defined transducer as default RPM oe F Trigger selection none transducer press F4 and select Vibration 2 ai ae kaa Press ENTER and select Pressure transducer as Trv Name Pressure transducer Trv Type User defined Trv User defined name Pressure Try User defined unit Bar Tr Sensitivity m V Bar 10 in the example 3 For EVAM assignments both Time signal unit and Spectrum unit have to be set to User de fined 4 1000 Hz 1600 lines uh O Note When Time signal unit is set to User defined the User defined name and User defined unit must be exactly the same as the corresponding parameters for the transducer in
126. it registers stronger pulses the peak indicator 1 will blink Watching the peak indicator is very important especially when the preliminary result indicates poor or bad bearing condition The lower the rpm the longer it can take for damaged parts to move into the load zone and reveal their presence by strong shock pulses When the peak indicator blinks press the UP key Ga H 200 04 on the Leonova keypad This increases the dBm in Fan NDE Ver 4 steps of one dB The original value is displayed in g SPM dBm dBec 40000 brackets 2 Stop adjusting the dBm value when the peak indicator stops blinking The DOWN key dBm 41 37 decreases the value dBc 28 When earphones are connected in order to listen to machine sounds use the LEFT RIGHT keys to adjust earphone volume 3 To accept the displayed result press the ENTER or the MEASURE SAVE M S key The measurement window shows the two shock values 4 the status dot 5 and if transducer line quality test is enabled the TLO value 6 If a default measurement file was used the dBi value is also shown For measuring assignments downloaded from Condmaster in a measuring round the dBi is not displayed Save the result by pressing the M S key or measure again with SHIFT M S S H 200 04 Fan NDE Ver 4 P i Fan NDE Ver 4 When Variable speed is active the rom must be Lig Measure all measured before measuring the shock values BENIRERErE a E Q
127. lasses of machines are given below It should be emphasized however that they are simply examples and it is recognized that other classifications are possible and may be substituted in accordance with the circumstances concerned As and when circumstances permit recommenda tions for acceptable levels of vibration severity for particular types of machines will be prepared At present experience suggests that the following classes are appropriate for most applications Class Individual parts of engines and machines integrally connected with the complete machine in its normal operating condition Production electrical motors of up to 15 kW are typical examples of machines in this category Class Il Medium sized machines typically electrical motors with 15 to 75 kW output without special foun dations rigidly mounted engines or machines up to 300 kW on special foundations Class Ill Large prime movers and other large machines with rotating masses on rigid and heavy foundations which are relatively stiff in the direction of vibration measurement Class IV Large prime movers and other large machines with rotating masses on foundations which are rela tively soft in the direction of vibration measurement for example turbogenerator sets especially those with lightweight substructures Class V Machines and mechanical drive systems with unbalanceable inertia effects due to reciprocating parts mounted on foundations which ar
128. lements in the bearing This becomes important when estimating the oil film thickness in the rolling interface The largest influencing factor is the shape of the contact area In ball bearings the rolling element has point contact with the raceways In roller bearings there is line contact which means that the area under pressure where the shock pulses occur is much larger For SPM purposes bearings are grouped into 8 different types each with a TYPE number 1 through 8 The types are described in the table above Bearing manufacturers though not all follow ISO standards when numbering their bearings The number code contains the information on mean diameter and bearing type Thus when you use an ISO bearing number as input in Condmaster the program will give you Dm and TYPE no As manual input for Leonova you can use the last three digits of the ISO number which will produce Dm but not the TYPE no Shock pulse measurement D 25 Accumulation and compensation In addition to the basic input data one can set values for COMP and ACCUM ACCUM accumulation determines the number of measuring cycles before the Leonova displays the average value as result ACCUM can be set from 1 to 9 Especially on bearings with a low rpm set ACCUM to at least 3 COMP compensation number is used to calibrate the measuring point normally to compensate for a somewhat weaker signal from a measuring point that does not quite comply with the
129. lfway between points 1 and 2 Installed transducer On large electric motors 5 the bearings are often mounted in bushings which are welded or bolted to the motor shields Because of the damping in the interface between the bushing and the shield the measuring point should be on the bushing The bearing bushing at the drive end A is usually within reach A long adapter is installed at an angle to the shield so that there is enough space for connecting the transducer The bearing at the fan end B requires a permanent transducer installation The transducer is installed in the bushing The coaxial cable is run through a slit in the fan cover to a measuring terminal on the stator frame Al KLLL LLL 2 A s NE y N N ral WLLL 17 ASS NY A Lf V R LL ML ll I TILL N A Drive end B Fan end Shock pulse measurement D 7 Equipment for shock pulse measurement Handheld transducers Two types of handheld transducers are available for shock pulse measurement with Leonova e Shock pulse transducer with quick connector TRA79 for use with permanently installed measuring adapters e Shock pulse transducer with probe TRA78 Permanently installed transducers Permanently installed transducers can be used in narrow spaces or when the bearing cannot be reached directly The transducer is connected to a measuring terminal via a
130. m dBc LR HR ra Previous Select transducer SPM 40000 427000 44000 DuoTech SLC144B Variable speed Time synch averaging Trigger selection Remote Transducer Name DuoTech Input Type DuoTech SPM VIB Type ACC Sensitivity mV m s 10 Max frequency 10000 IEPE type Yes Min bias range V 9 0 Max bias range V 14 0 Settling time sec 3 0 OFF none Acquisition time 0 0 115 2 seconds Shaft diameter mm Input ISO bearing number 4 Input d iameter 6 ISOxxxfZ Shock pulse measurement D 15 Variable speed The alternative Variable speed 1 implies that the shock pulse measurement is preceded by a measurement of the rom Variable speed 4 Shaft diameter mm Measure RPM simultaneously Measure RPM simultaneously 2 Yes Measure RPM simultaneously 2 is normally not used With Measuring time 3 50 revolutions this setting on you are forced to measure the rpm simulta FFT calculation Yes neously with the shock pulse measurement Frequency upper Orders 100 No of spectrum lines _ Measuring time Symptom enhancement factor4 Depending on the rpm of your application the Measuring Save Time signal and time 3 setting has a significant impact on the length of a Trigger selection Post trigger measuring cycle Empirical studies have shown that in order EAn Erime eu EEn to achieve reliable measurements of bearing condition P Trigger Delay time sec
131. m value i e the RMS value of the included symptom lines 1 When the spectrum is measured with an appropriate resolution and over a frequency range large enough to accommodate the pattern the number of matches will normally equal the number of lines in the symptom Pressing the MENU function key in the spectrum window opens further functions for the spectrum 2 I Measuring result a D 200 02 Three bearing machine Mittl Li 50 Orders 800 Lin 2013 01 15 10 50 05 ty RPM HDm 35 HDc NJ 205 SKF BPFO HDesv 90 92 NJ 205 SKF BPEL sv NJ 205 SKF BPFIM HDes 270 93 NJ 205 SKF BSF HDesv 130 29 NJ 205 SKF BSFM HDes 131 58 NJ 205 SKF FTF HDesv 27 17 i oOo Previous il result Delete res Leonova Emerald ee Spectrum Shift F1 Shift F2 Shift F3 Time signal Phase spectrum o Hz CPM Orders F4 Symptom Shift F4 Logarithmic X Logarithmic Y Zoom Cursor Zoom Cursor Result General measurement functions B 25 The effect of a logarithmic Y scale is illustrated to the right using a downloaded vibration spectrum The amplitude scale of a spectrum is automatically scaled to accommodate the largest spectrum line 1 Thus a dominant line will make most others invisible which is desirable because the lines containing very little energy are insignificant for the evaluation of ma chine condition In this example the amplitude scale is approx 6 mm s
132. most bearings fail too soon because of inadequate lubrication at the root With SPM s LUBMASTER part of Condmaster versions for this technique and LR HR readings it is possible to accurately measure lubrication condition calculate the resulting L life and work out feasible improvements by simulating changes in the lubricant parameters The basic principles for LR HR and LR HR HD are the same however LR HR HD utilizes the SPM HD algorithms for time signals and spectrums Both methods are most advantageous for RPMs above 500 D 24 Shock pulse measurement Input data for LR HR and LR HR HD Deep groove ball bearings series 62 63 64 Angular contact bearings all series Deep groove ball series 60 160 618 double row and self aligning ball bearings Thrust ball bearings all types Cylindrical roller bearings single row Taper roller bearings all radial types Spherical roller bearings Double row cylindrical roller bearings Thrust roller bearings One part of the input data the rom and the size of the bearing is needed to allow for the effect of bearing speed on the shock level when evaluating bearing condition The mean diameter Dm is more exact than the shaft diameter because the height of bearings with the same shaft diameter can vary considerably Together rom and Dm are used to calculate the NORM no of the bearing range 10 to 58 The HR level shock pulses vary with the shape and number of the rolling e
133. n on its calibration card This data should always be input in the transducer register When several transducers are in use they should be marked to assure that the readings are calibrated A 14 General instrument functions SLD144 User defined Tr Name Input Type VIB Type ACC Sensitivity mV mjs 10 Max frequency IEPE type Yes Min bias range W 9 0 Max bias range V Settling time sec 3 0 10000 14 0 Trv Input Type DuoTech SPM VIB User defined Default transducers Default transducers for the measuring tech niques SPM vibration and balancing are set up via the transducer register Default transducer is the active transducer when Portable trans ducer is selected under Measuring point data Press SHIFT F3 to open Settings Select Transducers and press F1 OK to open the transducer register 1 Press F4 2 to open the window Default trans ducers 3 To select a default transducer for a measuring technique mark the technique and press F1 OK Active transducer will be shown 4 To change transducer press ENTER to open the list of registered transducers 5 Mark a name on the list and press F1 OK to confirm The new transducer is shown in the window 4 Press F1 OK to confirm and close with the BACK key To select default transducers for the balancing function mark Balancing in the window De fault transducers 3
134. ne Portable SLD144 Acquisition time 6 4 seconds Vibration measurement VIB ACC 10 10000 Yes 9 0 14 0 3 0 E 13 Defining the assignment To evaluate a spectrum you need to know the RPM of the shaft at the time of vibration measurement Mark Variable speed 1 This forces a soeed measurement before you can measure the vibration With Measuring point data you can edit the meas uring parameters Open with SHIFT F3 and mark the lines in the configuration window one by one with the UP DOWN keys Open them with F1 Edit The transducer setting Portable selects the default transducer Time signal unit is the unit for the time signal while Spectrum unit is the measuring unit for the spectrum e g VEL for a velocity spectrum The acquisition time 2 is automatically updated when the parameters that affect the time changes Frequency range The frequency range 3 is defined by selecting a lower and an upper limit 4 Both are menu selected When using the optional function Order tracking 5 the upper frequency is set in orders Please note that correct measurement demands a transducer that is linear over the stated frequency range Abnormally high displacement values can occur when selecting a lower frequency limit that is outside of the transducer s range You can exceed the upper frequency range of the transducer when measuring an envelope spect
135. ng number 5 opens a window 6 where you set the last three digits of the ISO number using the UP DOWN arrow keys on the Leonova keypad Input diameter 7 opens the keyboard Write the mean diameter then edit RPM and write the rom on the keyboard The NORM no will be displayed when the data input is complete D 30 Shock pulse measurement Variable speed The alternative Variable speed implies that the shock pulse measurement is preceded by a measurement of the rpm The NORM no will be shown in the measurement window after the speed measurement Measure RPM simultaneously Measure RPM simultaneously 8 is normally not used With this setting on you are forced to first measure the rom again before you can repeat the shock pulse measurement ACCUM accumulation is set to 3 or higher on low speed bearings rom lt 600 and in all cases where extra accuracy is required Leonova will measure as many times as stated here and then return an average value COMP means compensation number see page D 26 This number if used at all can first be set after studying the Variable speed Mean diameter mm Measure RPM simultaneously NORM COMP ACCUM RPM trigger Trigger type 9 SPM Spectrum 10 Transducer Tr Name Trv Input Type Tre Type Tre Sensitivity miVv my s Tre Max frequency IEPE type Min bias range V Max bias range V Settling time sec g s 73 0 Yes Normalized 0 1
136. ng result diagram Show spectrum Show time record Good condition green Condition warning yellow Bad condition red Good condition but above alarm limit Condition not evaluated Alarm limit exceeded Measurement completed Earphone connected Change volume Balancing single plane 2 runs and 4 runs Calibration reminder Information General instrument functions A 27 Technical specifications Instrument general Housing Protection class Dimensions Weight Keypad Display Main processor Memory SD memory card Operating system DSP processor Dynamic range Communication Input channels Input output headset Input output communication Power supply Battery power Charge time Operating temperature Charging temperature General features Meas point identification ABS PC TPE IP65 306 x 108 x 71 mm 12 4 x 4 3 x 2 8 860 g 30 3 oz sealed snap action TFT colour 240x320 pixels 3 5 inch adjustable backlight 400 MHz ARM 256 MB RAM 512 MB Flash 1GB Microsoft Windows CE 375 MHz floating point up to 120dqB 24bit A D converter USB 2 0 1 xVIB 1 x SPM 1 xrpm 1 x temperature 3 5 mm stereo plug Mini USB rechargeable Lithium lon battery pack 5200 mAh or power adapter for min 18 hours normal use at 20 C lt 4 hours 20 to 50 C 4 to 122 F non condensing O to 45 C 32 to 113 F langu
137. nish press ENTER Enter Confirm Shift Left Right Change TAB abc def ghi Delete chi 0123 456 789g J lt gt E o Fz Lane ECE SEE e u alll 123 Enter Confirm Shift Left Right Change TAB 0123 789 Delete chi VAN dap AYA SHIFT General instrument functions A 17 Select language The file Language under MENU Settings Leonova Emerald a allows you to choose Leonova screen lan a ee aS guage 1 To change to another language Language change with UP DOWN arrow keys and E select with F1 Press OK F1 or ENTER to re gt English D start the instrument with the new language German English is always included If an additional language is desired please contact your lo cal SPM representative Change font size and style The Fonts menu under MENU Settings allows you to make individual changes of font style and small Tia 4 size for any of the listed alternatives 2 AER size FEE On Bold 1 2 Bold When showing file names Leonova uses the larg Bold 2 T est text that fits into the available space going Large 3 Extra large from Normal 16 points via Medium 14 points iini j es i Keyboard to Small 12 points Thus if you have difficulties reading Small text you can change the text size of Small from 12 to 14 points Leonova will truncate file names that are too large to fit on one line Using s
138. no sub group Instead the choice of limit value table depends on machine speed either 1500 1800 r min or 3000 3600 r min Marking the appropriate speed range leads to the final window which shows the ISO recommended frequency range 10 to 500 Hz the recommended measurement quantity vibration velocity VEL and the limit values or zone boundaries Vibration zones A and B are acceptable so any meas urement result below the B C boundary of 5 30 mm s RMS will be marked green Results from 5 30 mm s to below 8 50 mm s will be yellow and 8 50 mm s and higher will be red E 8 Vibration measurement ISO 10316 guide Large land based steam turbine generator sets in excess of 50 MW I O 10816 guide Shaft rotational speed 1500 1800 r min 3000 3600 r min ISO 10816 guide Frequency lower VEL RMS AJB 2 80 B C 5 30 C D 8 50 Data for ISO 10816 part 3 Part 3 treats most of the common industrial machines ISO 10816 guide They are divided into 4 groups Group 1 Large machines with rated power above 300 kW and not more than 50 MW electrical machines with shaft height above 315 mm Group 2 Medium machines with rated power Medium machines with rated power above 15 kW up to and coi Fae are rs Elec Macnnes Win including 300 kW electrical machines with shaft height from 160 shaft height 160 mm lt H lt 315 mm to 315 mm _ Group 3 Pumps with multivane impeller with
139. nt readings are displayed along the Z coordinate with the latest reading in the front To display a waterfall diagram press the F3 key Spec trum in the measurement window In the spectrum window press MENU gt Waterfall diagram 1 You are prompted to select a number of diagrams to show 2 In this screen shot example three diagrams are shown Cursors only apply to the spectrum in the front For the cursor position in the spectrum the frequency amplitude and phase angle are shown 3 Settings and other graphical functions are the same as for spectrum see Spectrum functions earlier in this part of the manual R 011 01 Raw Mil Input Bevel Gear Leonova Emerald oom Cursor Clear all Result Waterfall diagram 1 Spectrum enhancement Waterfall diagram none 2 results 4 results 5 results 6 results 7 results 8 results 9 results 10 results 11 results 12 results 13 results 14 results 15 results Ul General measurement functions B 31 gel N y Phase spectrum If a time signal is measured together with a tachometer pulse a phase spectrum can be displayed To view a phase spectrum go to the Spectrum window and press MENU gt Phase spectrum 1 The blue cursor 3 is displayed by default It can be removed with F2 Cursor gt F1 Cursor A For the marker position in the spectra frequen
140. o min 5 The recommendation is 10 20 readings Rotor balancing F 3 Balancing equipment For single plane balancing with four runs the only equipment needed is a vibration transducer type SLD144 or other IEPE ICP type transducers with voltage output The transducer is mounted with a magnetic foot TRX29 or with an M8 UNC 1 4 screw It is connected with the spiral cable CAB82 or a straight 10 meter cable CAB83 For the 2 run methods a trigger pulse is needed which is either supplied by a proximity switch or by the SPM tachometer probe TTP10 The laser dot from the tachometer probe is directed towards a piece of reflecting tape pasted on the shaft The tape must have a sharp edge NOTE It is very important that the tachometer probe is firmly attached and not moved during the balancing procedure The laser is sensitive to reflections from the shaft especially during measurement at short distance Do not direct the tachometer probe straight at the shaft slightly angle the direction in order to avoid misreadings SPM supplies a tachometer probe holder with a magnetic base SPM 81319 and a clamp for the probe SPM 14765 CAB83 10 m F 4 Rotor balancing Transducer SLD144 with magnetic foot General settings To make general settings for the balancing func tion press the MENU key and select Settings gt General settings then use the F2 key to select the Balancing tab Your selec
141. o provide alternate functions in the function bar This is the general rule Details are explained under the function description Leonova Emerald dBm dBc LR HR SPM HD The Mi SPM LR HR SPM SPM HD spectrum Spectrum dBm dBc LR HR m gt Frevious Wext F1 F2 F3 F4 Function keys Menu Measure a Arrow keys Nees and enter Back Z Shift on oFF General instrument functions A Defining shortcut keys and menu options The functionality of the keys F1 to F4 can be Modify mode modified to personal shortcuts These settings apply to all measurement modes ee e Open a measurement function and press MENU save measurement e Press the MENU key and hold down for 3 seconds to enter the Modify mode 1 Measure all F1 e Mark a line in the list with UP DOWN and open Connected VIB transduc F2 the shortcut key list 2 with F1 e Select a suitable shortcut key in the list and Measuring result j press OK EA Graphics You can change order and make the options in the MENU window visible unvisible and insert Set separators between them shortcut wisible Move To make a menu option visible unvisible mark the Modify mode option with UP DOWN and press F2 To move a menu option in the list mark the line Set shortcut key with UP DOWN and press F3 Move the option with F1 F2 Pressing MENU in the Modify menu 1 will open a window 3 where you can place a separator between th
142. on number IS0 10816 guide ISO 10816 guide When you mark Measure Classification number Frequency upper Leonova will select the i000 y appropriate table and display Frequency lower its number Please note that this requires a machine in new 3 DISP RMS and good condition with low t B C 113 00 _ C D 178 00 vibration values You then edit Select classification number 1 7 VEL RMS Measure will return the lowest B C 707 the measuring point data and classification number within zone C D 11 20 input the proposed table number A B for the measured quantity with pee RMS fnetead ot Measure the relative highest value B C i i110 Measuring ll 150 10816 lf 150 10816 0 3 213 mm s 50 10816 guide Classification number 3 1000 Hz Cancel tr emi Ss RPM 465 9 OK Vibration measurement E 11 Measurement results ISO 10816 Depending on the part of the standard and the machine group ISO 10816 gives limit values for displacement DISP and either velocity VEL or acceleration ACC Leonova automatically adjusts the measurement quan tity display to the selected part and group In this case Leonova will display the evalu ated result in DISP VEL and ACC because all three parameters are returned when Part 6 is selected In case the different parameters fall into different evaluation zones the large status dot 1 will show the worst case while the small stat
143. on is indicated by the delta value i e the difference between HDm and HDc High readings and a small delta value indicate poor lubrication or dry running This is sufficient for maintenance purposes HDm and HDc are measured during a predefined number of revolutions and automatically displayed Shock pulse measurement D 13 Normalized condition readings Absolute scale shock value 110 dBsv 1007 HDn HDi Initial value of a bearing 100 90 mean ls HDc Carpet value weak pulses 90 80 HDm Maximum value strong pulses 80 70 HDn Unit for normalized shock level dBsv Unit for absolute shock level 70 60 60 50 50 494 7 7 7 p Geil Wiccan Wma dL 30 HII 10 1 0 10 20 30 HH 30 The absolute shock pulse level of a bearing measured in dBsv decibel shock value is both a function of rolling velocity and of bearing condition To neutralize the effect of rolling velocity on the measured value Leonova must be programmed with shaft diameter in millimetre or inch and rotational speed in rom The instrument will then calculate the initial value HDi the starting point of the condition scale for a particular bearing The HDi can also be input directly or via the ISO bearing number The condition scale is graded in normalized shock values HDn Leonova samples the shock pulse amplitude over a period of time and displays e the maximum value HDm for the small number of strong shock pulses e the carpet
144. oose the appropriate i window 1 function for the specific application If Order tracking i the windowing is not applied correctly errors may Frequency lower Hz be introduced in the FFT effecting amplitude Frequency Upper Hz AM frequency or even the overall shape of the Time signal unit VEL spectrum Spectrum unit WEL Window Hanning Rectangle The Rectangle None Uniform FFT type Linear window is the one to choose for transient No of spectrum lines 1600 signals The Rectangle window has the best Save Full spectrum frequency resolution but poor amplitude Enveloping filter Hz none accuracy and high spectral leakage Quick mode Yes Average type FFT Linear Hanning Hamming The Hanning and Hamming 7 windows are best for random signals These windows have good frequency resolution and also rather fair amplitude accuracy Since the Acquisition time 6 4 seconds Hanning window also has somewhat lower Window spectral leakage this window is usually the one Rectangle to prefer Hanning T Hamming Flat top The Flat top window should be Flat top applied on sinusoidal signals This window has the best amplitude accuracy but poor frequency resolution As general advice use Hanning window for frequency accuracy this is the most common window to use Rectangle window only on transient signals Flat top window for amplitude accuracy Vibration measurement E 15 FFT type nin i Four di
145. open the register 2 Select New 3 with the F1 key then input the following data Press F1 to save the settings and close with the BACK key A descriptive name It will be shown on the list of transducers Name General settings Date Time i gt Transducers 1 Ww Language WH Fonts L Create default settings G9 Function and use Leonova Emerald Type of transducer vibration i transducer DuoTech or user defined Setup of user defined 4 see page p A 16 Input type Transducers SPM 40000 42000 44000 DuoTech The measured vibration parameter either ACC acceleration VEL velocity or DISP displacement Type Sensitivity The transducer s nominal sensitivity in the displayed unit which depends on the input under Type Select User defined 4 for other types of transducers eg current clamp Max frequency The transducer s upper frequency range IEPE type YES or NO Yes opens the next three lines Min bias range The lower working voltage Max bias range The upper working voltage Settling time Stabilizing time for the transducer after power on The min and max bias voltage 5 is needed for the TLO test Transducer Line Quality test returning TLT error Bias value out of range when the measured voltage is above the max bias voltage or below the min bias voltage The actual sensitivity of the individual transducer is writ te
146. or 4 Measure RPM simultaneously Yes Trigger selection RFM rigger Acquisition time Ta 4 seconds Enveloping filter Hz none HP 100 HP 200 HP 500 HP 1000 9 HP 5000 HP 10000 BP 5 100 BP 50 1000 BP 500 10000 BP 5000 40000 Average type none Time synchronous FFT Linear FFT Peak hold Average overlap Vibration measurement E 17 3 00 B Zoom centre and zoom factor True zoom 1 is selected to get a high resolu tion around a selected centre frequency This frequency must be within the selected frequency range Thus to zoom in on 600 Hz the minimum range is 0 to 1000 Hz The zoom factor can be set to 2 4 8 16 32 or 64 The range covered by the zoom is upper frequency range zoom factor Thus with a zoom factor of 8 the spectrum will cover the range 537 5 662 5 Hz The highest possible zoom corresponds to a 12800 line spectrum For this combine the lowest number of spectrum lines 400 with a zoom factor of 32 32 x 400 12800 With a centre frequency of 600 Hz you will get a spectrum over the range 584 375 to 615 625 Hz with a resolution of 0 078125 Hz When using the optional function Order tracking the zoom centre frequency is set in orders Trigger selection The trigger function 2 can be set Post trigger or RPM trigger Post trigger is primarily used for measuring in rolling mills Trigger Level 3 is set to activat
147. osition on the Single plane 4 runs rotor All angles are given with this point as a 9 90 m s reference t 3 09 19 00 m s i 12 00 m s For the 4 run method you first measure V with ya ois 3 8 00 mys the trial weight at 0 then V with the weight ERE ress measure at 120 and finally V with the weight at 240 V3 4th measurement with test weight moved to 240 gt ner Previous Next Spectrum 4 run method menu during third run with trial weight Single plane 2 runs VO 1 02 m s 114 Mt 4 6 q V1 1 68 m s 72 Press measure V1 Measurement with the test weight Its location 0 i Previous Next Spectrum l 2 run method menu during run with weight Rotor balancing F 13 Display of results The calculation results are the mass of the balancing weight and the angle defining the position where it has to be attached The display shows the direction of rotation and the position of 90 On the side of the display 1 there is a row of function keys that allow you to select alternatives to adding mass at the indicated spot see next page After completion of a balancing operation the balance quality can be compared to the ISO 1940 1 standard specifying permissible residual balance for rigid rotors Press the F4 ISO 1940 1 2 key to open the function This function is only avaliable for Single plane 2 runs RPM is always measured in
148. otating parts you can use several reflexes at even intervals Number of pulses are set to correspond to the number of reflecting tape bits Factor is used with contact measurement to convert revolutions to peripheral speed This is set to 1 when using optical soeed measurement Max fluctuation is used only for variable speed se Continue When measuring with the Tachometer and Temperature probe TTP10 select Portable 3 afi i RPM 976 2 as transducer Continue Optical speed measurement Easiest is the optical soeed measurement The preparations are simple paste a bit of adhesive reflecting tape on the rotating part It has to be reasonably clean Direct the laser beam at the reflecting tape and press the M S key When measuring on short distance the reflections from the shaft can register false readings Then try to angle the laser beam towards the reflection tape to achieve a stable result A blue LED on the Tachometer and Tempera ture probe shows that the light beam is reflected back to its sensor A green dot 4 on the display indicates signal from the probe sensor Red measuring values indicates values out of range When the count stabilizes press F1 to continue or save the measurement with the M S key To see or delete measurement s before saving press F1 to see the result window Press SHIFT F2 to set a default comment or link a voice recording to the result See Chapter B Comments To s
149. overvoltage rating of 500 V and it is intended for low energy applications An external overcurrent protection device of maximum 10 A suitable breaking capacity must be used if the measurement application is high energy e g a high power battery used for standby sources All istallations shall be in accordance with national regulations Please observe the risk of earth potential differences when using long cables When measuring on machines in operation ensure that no cables etc can be caught in rotating parts which can cause injury For safety reasons the measurement device must only be operated and maintenanced by properly trained personnel Service and repairs of the measurement device may only be performed by SPM authorized service technician When not in use always keep the protective caps on the connector sockets to keep them clean Warning This manual must be consulted in all cases involving equipment marked with this symbol Trademarks Windows CE is a trademark of Microsoft Inc Leonova Emerald SPM HD HD ENV CondID SPM Spectrum and Condmaster are trademarks of SPM Instrument AB Copyright SPM Instrument AB ISO 9001 certified Technical data are subject to change without notice Leonova Emerald Patent No US 7 313 484 US 7 167 814 US 7 200 519 US 7 054 761 US 7 324 919 EP 1474664 DE 60304328 3 FR 1474664 GB 14 74664 NL 1474664 SE03731865 6 US 7 711 519 US 7 949 496 EP 1474660 EP 1474662 EP
150. p in Condmaster and then downloaded to Leonova However it is possible to open the Leonova default file in the vibration window 1 and configure all measuring parameters Please note that most of the settings become locked once the measurement has been made Fault symptoms cannot be attached to the measuring point in Leonova but can be added after the measuring point has been uploaded to Condmaster Select ISO10816 with the arrow keys and open with ENTER Open Measuring point data with SHIFT F3 Mark the lines in the configuration window one by one with UP DOWN Open them with ENTER Before starting vibration measurements make sure that the vibration transducer you are using with your Leonova is properly selected Default vibration transducers for the vibration tech niques are set up via the transducer register Default transducer is the active transducer when Portable transducer is selected under Measuring point data To select a default transducer see Chapter A page 13 The transducer data become editable after you switch Transducer 2 from Portable to Remote Provided you know the transducer s frequency range and its upper and lower bias range you can input the data here The nominal sensitivity of a vibration transducer SLD144S is 10 0 mV m s The actual sensitivity of the individual transducer is written on its calibration card This data should always be input in the transduc
151. pe function is useful for detect ing machine sound irregularities such as load shocks and scraping It is recommended to use a shock pulse transducer with probe or a vibra tion transducer with probe tip or magnetic foot Installed transducers can also be used Connect your headphones to the output connector 1 Open one of the measuring techniques under Speed Shock Pulse Vibra tion or Temperature Press MENU select Stethoscope 2 and press ENTER Source is the transducer input you intend to use Select with the UP DOWN arrow keys and ie bee press F1 or ENTER to confirm C EY Hold the transducer against the object Use LEFT RIGHT arrow keys to adjust the volume 4 NOTE Setting the volume to the maximum level may harm your hearing You can filter out high or low frequencies with the high pass low pass filter 5 at 500 1000 or 2000 Hz Press the DOWN arrow key and select filter with the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys When a shock pulse transducer of type 40000 is used you can select High frequency mode 6 High frequency mode moves frequencies above the audible down to the audible frequency range Activate deactivate High frequency mode with the ENTER key Adjust the amplifica tion 7 with the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys The High frequency mode is always activated when using transducers of type 42000 and 44000 Vibration transduc ers are working in the audiable frequency range and High frequ
152. plitude PSD spectrum on non periodic noise signals Number of spectrum lines The number of spectrum lines 2 affects the resolution and the meas uring time Doubling the number of lines also doubles the measuring time In cases where different fault symptoms such as bearing frequen cies and multiples of 1X are close together a high resolution spectrum is preferred No of spectrum lines Spectrum to save Saving a time record or a full spectrum requires more memory Unless the spectrum lines in damage patterns have fairly high amplitudes the pattern is not visible Thus saving only peaks will preserve the essential data while reducing the amount of redundant data A peak is a spectrum line that has a line with a lower amplitude on either side If you select Peaks under Save 3 Leonova will display the full spectrum before saving with the peaks as black lines while the lines to Time signal FFT calculated be deleted are grey The maximum number of peaks that can be saved ee is half the number of spectrum lines The number of peaks to be saved Peaks Ta Condition parameters 4 is input on the number pad Time signal and FFT E 16 Vibration measurement Enveloping filter Enveloping is a technique used to detect low energy vibration typically caused by gear and bearing damage This type of damage tends to modulate the amplitude of high frequency vibration e g at the natural frequency of the transduc
153. possibility to manually input a user defined measuring value such as current flow pressure etc While in a measuring round with User de fined values 1 press ENTER and input the value manually via the keyboard window Usually user defined units for manual input is set up within a round in Condmaster If you want to manually input values outside a measuring round an icon for user input is located in the User defined window 2 See below for more information User defined manual input with default file For manual input of values outside a measur ing round an icon for user input is located in the User defined window 2 Press ENTER to open the measuring window bottom picture Configure files for manual input measurements by pressing SHIFT F3 to open Measuring point data Type is always set to User input and can not be changed Type is shown as the measuring point name in the measurement window 3 Quantity is what the manual input rep resents e g power flow pressure Mark this line and press Edit F1 Write the new name in the keyboard window and save with ENTER It will be displayed above the result in the measurement window 4 Unit is the measurement unit for the new quantity here bar for oil pressure It is displayed in brackets above the result field 5 Format defines the number of digits and the position of the decimal point in th
154. press Shift F1 Frequency upper to switch to the display of time signal Sarta mae Ph Ries s After changing the display setting to time signal the time signal display is default for all new measurements until the user switches back to display spectrum with Shift F1 At a reset of the instrument it will return to show live spectrum G 1000 Hz 1600 lines Lif 1000 Hz 1600 lines 22 575 21 782 mm s PEA 2 ti Date Time ul I atl ly 1 MTA a Wet Large icons Use temporary file when saving rounds Previews live spectrum Show theoretical symptoms in live spectrum Low resolution warning Possible to determine rpm from spectrum General measurement functions B 21 Spectrum window Below the spectrum field A are functions B which are reached using the instrument function keys in combination with the SHIFT key Leonova Emerald wa 5 019 18 Pump L8 SPM dBm dBe Zoom 2013 01 22 13 42 34 A Cursor Clear all Result Waterfall diagram Spectrum enhancement 4 Write result to file Measure Save Close ap Hz e J Cursor Result Hz CPM C Zoom Cursor l Result The spectrum diagram is marked with the displayed range 1 in Hz CPM or Orders depending on the default setting made under General settings The unit may be changed by pressing F4 Hz CPM Orders 2 All spectrum lines below the lower frequency will be shown in grey The Y
155. r from Portable to Remote Provided you know the transducer s frequency range sensitivity and its upper and lower bias range you can input the data here This temporarily transducer data will be lost when closing the measuring technique but will be saved in the measuring result file To measure connect the transducer and press the M S key Save the measurement with M S If you do not accept the reading press SHIFT M S to collect a new reading without saving the previous To see or delete measurement s before sav ing press F1 to go to the result window Press SHIFT F1 to see the alarm list Press SHIFT F2 to set a default comment or voice recording to the result see Chapter B Com ments Press F2 to go to graphics see Chap ter B Graphics To save the result as a file press MENU and select Save as Select Save a file and input a name via the keyboard window Press ENTER to save Leonova Emerald 1000 Hz 15010816 PEpEETA 1600 lines Direction Horizontal Class 3 Transducer 5 Portable Tr Name LD144 Type ACC rv Sensitivity mV mys 10 Max frequency 10000 IEPE type Yes rv Min bias range V 9 0 Max bias range W 14 0 Settling time sec 3 0 ISO 2372 Horizontal On 8 6 mm s VIB 1 3 Gaa ISO 2372 ETVE Horizontal 2 Measurinc Graphics Measurement techniques always included C 13 Using the stethoscope function The stethosco
156. r 2 50 1000 Hz Tre Name SLb144 Filter 3 500 10000 Hz Trv Input Type VIB Filter 4 5000 40000 Hz Trv Type ACC Try Sensitivity mV m s 10 Advanced Tre Max frequency 10000 Advanced Yes No opens the option Time synch Trv JEPE type Yes A Trv Min bias range V 9 0 ging Tre Max bias range W 14 0 Time synch averaging TSA Trv Settling time sec 3 0 To achieve greater accuracy one can order the average acquisition time 3 1 seconds result from a stated number measurements To get a time synchronous average a tachometer must be connected which supplies a trigger pulse This starts Enveloping filter Hz each measurement with the shaft in the same position none Time synchronous averaging requires variable speed HP 100 Please note that TSA is recommended for detection of HP 200 gear faults only not for bearing faults HP 500 HP 1000 Trigger selection HP 2000 D When measuring on variable speed machines an HP 5000 RPM trigger can be used to determine when to start HP 10000 a measurement ensuring that it is carried out at an BP 5 100 appropriate speed The purpose of Post trigger is BP 50 1000 to avoid the recording of irrelevant signals that may ultimately cause false alarms It can be used where BP 3000 40000 strong signals can be expected which are process related and not attributed to machine damage Trigger selection RPM trigger will initiate the measurement then wai
157. r frequency Set Upper frequency to include 3 or 4 multiples of BPFO ball pass frequency outer race The narrower the range the better the resolution oe 2 Orders Frequency up 1000 Be _ Order tracking Window The choice of Window 2 somewhat affects the spectrum line amplitudes Hanning default setting and Hamming are the window types most ear commonly used to calculate spectra The difference is often marginal 2 and should not affect pattern recognition Hamming Flat top FFT type ye I 1 1 FFT type The spectrum type 3 can be linear or power In a power spectrum the line amplitudes are squared Thus high amplitude lines become meN p q g p more prominent while low amplitude lines are suppressed D 34 Shock pulse measurement Number of spectrum lines The number of spectrum lines 4 affects the resolution and the measuring time Doubling the number of lines also doubles the measuring time In cases where different fault symptoms such as bearing frequencies and multiples of 1X are close together a high resolution spectrum is preferred Saving a full spectrum requires much memory space and is seldom necessary Unless the spectrum lines in damage patterns have fairly high amplitudes the pattern is not visible Thus saving only peaks 5 will preserve the essential data while reducing the amount of redundant data A peak is a spectrum line that has a line with
158. r permanent installation DuoTech accelerometers series SLC for permanent installation are available with different thread sizes They are used for shock pulse and vibration measurements in combination and when the measuring point cannot be reached directly Connect the accelerometer via twisted pair cable to the VIB input on Leonova The permanently installed transducers are installed in threaded countersunk mounting holes on the bearing housings The cable between transducer and terminal should be firmly attached to the machine with cable clamps and where necessary be protected against damage SPM supplies high temperature cables and moisture proof connectors Measuring terminal shock pulse transducer ULL cof SST My Fi SATAN ee E Installed transducer cable to terminal Shock pulse measurement D 11 Shock pulse transducer with probe The handheld probe is mainly used to locate the strongest shock signal on and around the bearing housing in order to find the best measuring point or to verify the shock pulse source after getting a measuring result which indicates bad bearing condition If it is used for regular condition monitoring the measuring points for the handheld probe should be clearly marked Always measure in the same spot Rubber sleeve The probe tip is spring loaded and moves within a sleeve in contact with of hard rubber To maintain a steady pressure on the the surfac
159. re Set comment Shift F2 i oa Speed B Qo ee SEDE Qu Recording e SPM LR HR oO a VIB Horizontal o Stethoscope a o Heh VIB Vertical Add measuring point Add technique te C Wii Graphics Spectrum 3 4 5 Measuring point data Close Save Measure all C Function keys and menu options All options reached via the function keys F1 F4 are linked to the measuring point and measuring as signment selected in the measurement window B 3 F1 Opens the measuring results window In this window use the F1 and F2 function keys before saving to toggle between measuring results from the active measuring assignment and F3 to delete any results you do not want to save 4 F2 Opens the Graphics window to display trend graphs for the selected measuring assignment This window shows a the selected measurement taken before saving or b all downloaded and saved measurements after saving for the selected measuring point and measuring assignment 5 F3 Spectrum display if any Pressing the MENU key on the instrument displays a menu of further options B 14 General measurement functions The Measure all function Under all measuring points in Leonova the Measure all command appears above the list of measuring assignments 1 The purpose of this function is to speed up the execution of measuring rounds All types of assignments under a measuring point are measured simultaneously wi
160. re that the target is larger than the unit s spot size The smaller the target the closer you should be to it Caution Never point the sighting laser in some body s eye The laser tachometer IR temperature probe has distance to spot size D S 8 1 meaning that if the probe is 800 mm from the target the diameter of the object must be at least 100 mm see the dia gram beside When accuracy is critical make sure the target is at least twice as large as the spot size Input for tachometer tem perature probe TTP10 Distance D to Spot size S 8 1 m Fey i j T peno i pm M ty 200 400 800 I IR sensor P a I Pa fm Laser beam TTP10 SPM laser tachometer IR temperature probe Measurement techniques always included C 7 Temperature measurement with default file The default file for temperature measure ments is located in the User defined window 1 There are no settings under Measuring point data The result is displayed with a decimal but please note that the accuracy of the SPM laser tachometer IR temperature probe is 2 5 C The change from C to F is made under General settings 2 in the SETTINGS win dow Switching from one unit to the other will re calculate all saved results and display them in the active unit After pressing the measure key M S you can select type of material 3 to obtain as accurate readings as possible Select material to be
161. regulated by what is included in the vibration package Frequency limit upper stated in orders Envelope high pass filters 100 200 500 1000 2000 5000 10000 Hz Envelope band pass filters Filter 1 5 100 Hz Filter 2 50 1000 Hz Filter 3 500 10 000 Hz Filter 4 5000 40 000 Hz Averages Time synch 400 800 1600 3200 6400 12800 Hz CPM orders Spectrum lines Frequency units Saving options full soectrum time signal and FFT condition parameters A 30 General instrument functions Vibration analysis EVAM FFT with symptoms Frequency limit lower Frequency limit upper Envelope high pass filters Envelope band pass filters Measurement windows Averages Spectrum lines EVAM Spectrum lines FFT Saving options Spectrum types displayed Zoom EVAM Zoom FFT Quick mode Frequency units Trigger selection Transducer line test O DC to 200 Hz 8 to 20 000 Hz EVAM 8 to 10 000 Hz FFT order tracking 100 200 500 1000 2000 5000 10000 Hz 5 100 50 1000 500 10000 5000 40000 Hz Rectangle Hanning Hamming Flat Top time synchronous FFT linear FFT peak hold 400 800 1600 3200 6400 12800 400 800 1600 3200 6400 time signal FFT calculated full soectrum time signal and FFT condition parameters linear power PSD true FFT zoom visual zoom visual zoom yes can be set ON OFF Hz CPM orders RPM trigger post t
162. requency and amplitude of the cursor position are briefly displayed in the upper right corner 9 When the arrow coincides with a position belonging to a symptom the name of the symptom is dis played 9 In case several symptoms share the same position all relevant symptom names are displayed General measurement functions B 23 The purpose of a spectrum is to reveal line patterns as sociated with machine or bearing faults Characteristic for many fault patterns is the presence of multiples or harmonics which means that the line or group of lines is repeated two three or more times further up in the spectrum The spacing is 1Z 2Z 3Z nZ where 1Z the frequency of the first harmonic With the cursor 1 positioned on a spectrum line that has a significant amplitude press F2 Cursor gt F3 Harmonics 2 A series of numbered green arrows 3 now show up in the spectrum Number 1 is in the cursor position Numbers 2 3 etc are the harmonics They are evenly spaced along the frequency axis at Z intervals Mov ing the cursor one step and back will again display its position and thus Z To remove the arrows from the spectrum press F3 Harmonics 2 again In the second screen shot right the cursor is po sitioned on a different spectrum line in the pattern and the harmonics shown This spectrum line has one harmonic within the displayed frequency range Z in this case is doubled
163. rigger bias voltage test Integral Electronic PiezoElectric Specifications are subject to change without notice Leonoud EMERALD General measurement functions Contents Leonova measurement FUNCTIONS cceccnecceeeceeceeeneceeeeneenees 3 M as ring OG CS erosie iener e E EAE ENEN 3 Transducer Line Quality TLO ssssssssssesesesessesesessesesrsesresesreees 4 Measurement with default files ic nctensssvaracdeassasatankestansuatevaneess 5 Measurement with edited default files ceccecceee eee eees 6 Single measurement user MSS ys sscesceensscrtcezncdacawersaceayantereenevoces 7 Multi measurement user fileS ccc ceccecceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeees 8 Recording resestir EEEE 9 Measuring rounds from Condmastel ccceccsecsecseeeeeeeeeeees 10 Measuring rounds for CondID cccecceccecceeceeceeeeeeeeeneensenees 11 The measuring SEQUENCE nace crasgasreriactsaccswmperdnsencherarmeertaneess 12 Measurement window before Measuring cceeeeeeneeeeeees 13 Measurement window before Saving ccceecneeceeeeeeeeeneees 14 The Measure all GUM OM inccaxciwat ietenatsiredaieecbrcenarimcvetacesonncas 15 Conditional measurements csececceececcececeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeees 17 CONE acca ses ee eee ees 18 Graphics WON LOW secu de cesses elon geese Meer nani E entanienss 19 Measuring result WINGOW ccccecceeeceeceececeeeeseneeeeeeeesensenes 20 Measuring POINT iMag S escrire rererere SEEE arai
164. rom spectrum It is possible to determine rpm from a vibration spec trum when the measurement is performed without specifying the rom To activate this function go to MENU gt Settings gt General Settings gt File tab 1 and mark Possible to determine rom from spectrum 2 Under Measuring point data for the measuring as signment the following settings are required e Variable speed enabled 3 e Measure RPM simultaneously set to No 4 When you press the MEASURE SAVE M S key you are prompted to select how to determine rpm Select Determine rom from spectrum 5 When the measurement is completed press F3 Spec trum to go to the Spectrum window Use the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys to move Cursor A 6 to the assumed rom 1X in the spectrum In the spectrum window press the MENU key and select Set RPM from cursor 7 A window 8 opens where you can verify the selected peak and the corresponding rom value before saving with the ENTER key Spectrum Time signal Phase spectrum Hz CPM Orders Symptom Logarithmic X Logarithmic Y Zoom Fi i foom Cursor Cursor i zoom Shift F1 Shift F2 Shift F3 Determine RPM from spectrum General settings ellela a Large icons Use temporary file when sawing rounds Preview live spectrum Show theoretical symptoms in five spectrum Low resolution warning Possible to d
165. round 7 It is sufficient to name the measuring point temporarily and select at least one measuring technique On uploading the round the new meas uring point can be properly named and numbered Please note that the new measuring point will not remain in the measuring round to which is was added To make it a permanent part of the measuring round go to the measuring round register in Condmaster and add it B 10 General measurement functions Leonova Emerald Ofeletu ile 1 Conditional 5 Grinder PERCA arii meesurenent PM11 La UI 9896 9897 Test 9898 245 Diamong Leonova Emerald TROT eT Tet Lal 9899 Open 2 Variat 4 Communication Shift F1 RPM R File Shift F2 gt amp Settin e ift F3 Previou __ File information J Freviol AG Fi Next Rename F About Previous Ga L 041 41 Drying cylinder 41 Qo gt H 100 Pressrall H L 019 33 Gear Box Bearing 1 0 H L 019 13 Gear Box BearinM o E Pump room no 2 H C 002 01 2 Channel vib melo Haa Be Leonova Emerald Ha B 1 Shift F1 Shift F2 Alarms Set comment All comments Recording Stethoscope Add measuring point 7 Add technique lelete Measuring point data Measure all Measuring rounds for CondID CondID is a contact free memory tag used for measuring point recognition It is hung on th
166. rum Time signal unit As time signal unit you can select VEL ACC or DISP 6 The Display setting 7 effects the presentation of measuring results displayed in the result field upper part of the Leonova display Select display units for the three result lines You can choose ACC VEL and DISP as RMS Peak or Peak to peak 8 Spectrum unit As spectrum unit 9 you can select VEL ACC or DISP Normally you would choose a velocity spectrum i e VEL 1000 Hz 1600 lines Variable speed Order tracking 9 No Frequency lower Hz 2 Frequency upper Hz Time signal unit Spectrum unt Window FFT type No of spectrum lines Save Enveloping filter Hz Quick mode Average type Frequency lower Hz Time signal unit Time signal unit j Display l ACC RMS 2 VEL RMS 3 DISP RMS Spectrum unit Acquisition time 6 4 seconds 2 1000 VEL VEL Hanning Linear 1600 Full spectrum none Yes FFT Linear Order tracking L_ Order tracking Upper frequency unit Hz Orders Fre upper 10 Hz Order tracking Order tracking 6 Upper frequency unit Hz Orders Frequency upper Orders ACC RMS VEL RMS DISP RMS Peak Peak to peak E 14 Vibration measurement Window To compensate for the leakage effect introduced 1000 Hz 1600 lines by the FFT process a window function is usually Variable speed applied The user should ch
167. s e Recording e Manual recording free quantity e Check points free text e Recording of vocal comments A 20 General instrument functions ee Load function Filename C Function nd se tt uae wf Continue x Cancel Optional functions EME195 SPM HD Expert frequency and time domain analysis EME197 Shock pulse method HDm HDc EME130 Shock pulse method dBm dBc EME131 Shock pulse method LR HR EME132 SPM Spectrum EME133 Vibration ISO 10816 with spectrum EME134 Vibration Premium including HD Enveloping FFT spectrum with symptoms 6400 lines 10 kHz HD Order tracking Time signal Post trigger EME193 Vibration Supreme including HD Enveloping EVAM evaluated vibration analysis 12800 lines 20 kHz HD Order tracking Time signal Post trigger EME140 HD Analysis Vibration Supreme SPM HD Expert EME109 Balancing single plane Maintenance and repair Replacement of the protection foil wrist wrap and and exchange of battery pack are the only repair actions allowed All other repair actionsare not allowed Send the instrument to a by SPM authorized service establishment in your local area To clean the external surfaces of the product wipe the casing with a damp cloth and mild detergent Replacement of Protection foil 16686 1 Wash your hands thoroughly before applying the film Clean the Leonova carefully from dust and grease 2 Spray the tips of your fingers before handling the protection foil in ord
168. s part of the Leonova instrument In addition transducers and measuring cables are needed for the measurements These are bought separately depending on which of the avail able measurement functions are implemented CHA01 CHA02 CHA03 CHA04 General instrument functions A 3 Instrument overview gs Loonova Full colour screen F1 F4 Function keys MENU M S start measurement save measurement ARROW keys and ENTER SHIFT capitals options BACK Wrist strap Power ON OFF fastens left right Rechargeable battery pack Hold and pull end of rubber l l sleeve to detach Lemo VIB Vibration transducer connectors input 8 pin Lemo connector RPM Input for RPM temp probe NPN PNP sensors incl 12 VDC power supply and stroboscope control 5 pin Lemo connector SPM Shock pulse transducer input mini coax Strap holders Communication port mini USB Headphones headset 3 5 mm stereo mini plug 7 Position of RF transponder for CondID memory tags A 4 General instrument functions Charge the battery pack Leonova is powered by a rechargeable lithium ion battery pack which is easily replaceable during meas urement work A warning for low battery comes up before the instrument turns off No data is lost all data is stored in the flash memory Leonova has a built in backup battery that lasts gt 15 years The battery pack in a new instrument has to be charge
169. s4 ND i 50 Orders 800 Lin NJ 205 SKF BPFI 2013 01 15 10 50 05 D ne pee 0 Orders 16 953 Orders oom Zoom Zoom X Zoom back back all J L I C The symptom name is shown plus the text Theoretical symptom 3 The line in the calculated symptom position is marked with a blue dashed line 4 Leonova does not search for the closest peak Measuring result W 100 04 R Roll Pos4 ND i 50 Orders 800 Lin Spectrum 9013 01 15 10 50 05 W 100 04 R Roll Pos4 ND li 50 Orders 800 Lin O st 0 185 254 HDesy 2013 01 15 10 50 05 2 A 126 367 HDesy 1 Orders a HDc NJ 205 SKF BPFO NJ 205 SKF BPFI NJ 205 SKF BPFIM f NJ 205 SKF BSF H NJ 205 SKF BSFM NJ 205 SKF FTF oi CCC Previous result 0 Orders 3 334 Orders Cursor A Cursor B Harmonic Stroboscc B The symptom name is shown 1 The symptom line is marked with a red dashed line 2 if a match is found in the spectrum To find the match Leonova searches for the closest peak line within the tolerances programmed in Condmaster Gi W 100 04 R Roll Pos4 ND i 50 Orders 800 Lin NJ 205 SKF BPFI Theoretical 3 Yor 15 10 50 05 _ eS a SS SS 14 813 Orders j foom oom back back all Zoom X Zoom Y General measurement functions B 27 The previous page illustrated the three basic alternatives on the Settings menu with single lin
170. sing the stethoscope function in section C of this manual can be used to listen to machine sounds With the stethoscope machine sound irregularities from various rotating parts can be detected Shock pulse measurement D 19 Input data for SPM dBm dBc Measuring points for the SPM techniques are normally set up in Condmaster and then downloaded to Leonova However it is possible to open the Leonova default file in the SPM window and configurate all measuring parameters Select dBm dBc and open with ENTER Transducer Before starting measurements make sure that the shock pulse transducer you are using with your Leonova is properly selected Default transducers for the shock pulse techniques are set up via the transducer register Default transducer is the active transducer when Portable transducer is selected under Measuring point data To select a default transducer see Chapter A page 15 You can select other shock pulse transducers from the transducer register 1 if you switch Transducer from Portable to Remote When using a DuoTech sensor all fields displays 2 that normally apply to a vibration transducer The actual data for the individual transducer is written on its calibration card This data should always be input in the transducer register When several transducers are in use they should be marked to assurethat the readings are calibrated Note that measurements with DuoTech w
171. so used to make safety copies of all measurement files saved in Leonova and to reload these files to Leonova when needed Leonova safety copies must have the extension Isc the rest of the file name is your choice To make a safety copy e Connect Leonova to the PC e Open Communication on the instrument e Start the Leonova Service pro gram on the PC e Select Safety copy click CONTINUE e Select a folder on your PC e g your Condmaster folder and click SAVE t Save As Gu t Computer OSDisk C Temp Organize New folder gt di Windows Mail Date modified gt Windows Media Player gt Windows NT No items match your search gt di Windows Photo Viewer di Windows Portable Dewices Windows Sidebar gt di Projekt di Temp gt m Users gt Windows gt a Local Disk D File name Leonova lsc_dr Save as type Leonova safety copy lsc_dr ee C Temp Leonova lsc_dr When reloading from a safety copy there are two Reload all files alternatives all files or a single file The single file option can be used to transfer a measurement file from one Leonova to another and from there to Condmaster Select View file information to see instrument data licenses etc Select View log file to see the instrument s log file Reload single file View file information View log file A 24 General instrument functions
172. ssssssessesersessesersrserseserseeseseesesee 14 Measurement GE SUNIL soci catncscenceancadcncantanasairesbyedadesemacsceanmereee 19 Making HD Enveloping assignments cscceececeeeeeeeeeenees 21 Defining the assignment ssacsscdntossecencdssasacsonseeessiomsdnionsavensaenn 22 Measurement results ssesessesesssesssersssrseresesesesesesesesesesene 24 M tor current analys Sessionin E EEE 26 Vibration measurement E 1 E 2 Vibration measurement Vibration analysis techniques Leonova can be programmed with the following vibration measurement techniques with either limited or unlimited use ISO 10816 is the measuring technique based on the ISO standard with this number ISO 10816 consists of several parts each stating measurement conditions and a table of limit values for a defined machine type Like ISO 2372 the evaluation of machine condition is based on the RMS values obtained by broad band measurement over a frequency range up to 1000 Hz Depending on machine type one or more of three measured quantities are used to determine vibration severity VEL the RMS value of vibration velocity in mm s ACC the RMS value of vibration acceleration in m s DISP the RMS value of vibration displacement in um Please note that spectrum analysis is not part of the requirements set up by ISO 10816 but an extra function provided by the Leonova EVAM includes all advanced vibration measurement and analysis methods and gives the user
173. stly on the lower half of the bearing housing Consider also the direction of the force acting on the shaft when the machine is running Thus belt tension can determine the load on the bearings The fan shaft in point 3 is pulled down towards the motor The drive end of the motor shaft is pulled up towards the fan 2 the non drive end 1 is pressed down and away from the fan In point 4 the weight of the rotor normally determines the measuring direction The arrows show the measuring points numbered in the direction of power transmission Finding the strongest signal Use the shock pulse transducer with probe to find the spot on the bearing housing where the signal is strongest If there are several points yielding the same signal select the point where it is easiest to take readings When a measuring point cannot conform to the rules because an ideal spot cannot be reached make allowance for a weaker signal If you use SPM LR HR you have a COMP no to compensate for weak signals but must still try to find a good point Shock pulse measurement D 5 Examples of SPM measuring points The following pages show measuring points and possible adapter or transducer installations How to install measuring equipment is described in the SPM installation manual Through hole for long adapter A measuring point beneath a fan cover 1 can be reached with a long adapter through a hole in the cover Adapter with lock nut The fan
174. t for the machine to speed up to the level input under RPM trigger 2 Trigger level before it starts recording the signals Post trigger Trigger type is none for RPM trigger When using Post trigger input a value HDeu under Trigger level In the above example 3 Leonova will initiate an HD Enveloping measurement and wait for the signal s HDeu level to reach 24 before it starts a complete measurement including time signal and FFT Make sure you input a viable trigger level if the level is never reached the measurement must be aborted manually Symptom enhancement factor must be off when using post trigger Under Delay time you can specify a number of seconds during which Leonova will delay the start of measurement This setting is optional Vibration measurement E 23 Measurement results Press the M S key to measure or F1 Measure all for a measurement in a round If the rom assignment is set up with Pseudo Tach in Condmaster this will automatically be activated and indicated together with the rom 1 The Pseudo Tach function is described in the Condmaster User Guide After measuring Leonova will display the result in HDrp HD real peak a scalar value expressed in decibels Representing the true highest peak found in the enveloped signal HDrp is the primary value to use for determining the severity of a bearing or gear damage It is also used for triggerin
175. t Shaft Bearing 32252 AT HDm 30 HDc 23 FFT on limit HDm gt Press EN TER T settin gs oe Measure all 1g SPM LR HR 3m2 TA i e ow Lif H Acc lt VIB Horizontal db VIB Vertical U VIB Axial li H Vel Measurinc Graphics Spectrum Time sign R 001 01 QD ut Raw Mill Input Shaft Bearing 32252 a m HDm 30 HDc 23 Measurement settings FFT calculation Qa VIB Horizontal Jb VIB Vertical E VIB Axial li H Vel Comments The MENU option Set comment 1 is open for all types of measurements Comments are made up of a standard comment 2 and an optional free text 3 of up to four lines The present date and time are set automatically in the field From date time 4 They can be edited Leonova is also capa ble of recording and playing back audio files so using a headset with microphone you can add vocal comments as well These are uploaded to Condmaster with the measuring round and can be played back from there As an option a future date and time can be input in the field To date and time 5 This turns the square on the time line of the graphics display into a bar that covers the time interval between the two dates and times To record a vocal comment press the F3 function key Voice recording 6 then press F1 Start to begin recording Maximum recording time is 30 seconds Standard comments having a vocal recording attached to them are marked with a
176. th exception of RPM measurements user defined measurements assignments triggered by RPM and assignments with post triggers Settings for Measure all are made in the instru ment only but are uploaded to Condmaster along with the measuring round and saved for the next download to Leonova The Measure all function is disabled by default It can be activated under MENU gt Settings gt General settings in the FILE window In the top section of the measurement window a list of measuring techniques and the current channel configuration for the measuring point is shown 2 Measurement using remote transducers is always carried out separately i e not concurrent with any of the other measurements in the list When using a Duotech accelerometer the shock pulse measurement occurs on channel VIB 1 To change the channel configuration mark the Measure all line 1 and press the ENTER key The Channel settings window 3 is displayed showing all measuring techniques on the measuring point oress F1 Change channel 4 to change channels wae SPM dBm dBc SPM LR HR S308 SPM dBm dBc SPM LR HR Se VIB Horizontal Temperature SEPARATELY USER Press ENTER For settings Ha 5 019 18 fa i Pump o T ir SPM dBm dBe A8 SPM LR HR VIB Horizontal db VIB Vertical Measure all Waf SPM dBm dBc SPM LR HR Suai SPM dBm dBc SPM LR HR Channel settings e EI RPMI L SPM dBm dBec G RP
177. the same speed SPM vibration transducers can be used e as a hand held probe with or without the probe tip attached Not recommended above 1000 Hz e with a magnet for attachment to ferrous metal parts Not recom mended above 2000 Hz e with the M8 UNC 1 4 28 mounting screw The firmer the contact with the machine the better the measuring result Plain clean metal makes the best contact surface for the vibration transducer The vibration transducer is connected via a twisted pair cable to the VIB input on Leonova Transducers of type IEPE ICP with voltage output lt 24 Vpp can be used Only one vibration transducer can be connected to Leonova when measuring according to SO2372 Move the transducer between the three directions H V A and perform three measurements DuoTech accelerometers Dual Technology The DuoTech accelerometer is a single transducer solution used for vibration or shock pulse measurements or both in combination e DuoTech with quick connector TRC100 for use with permanently installed measuring adapters Connect the DuoTech via the mea suring cable CAB82 e DuoTech for permanent installation SLC144 Permanently installed DuoTech accelerometers are mounted in a countersunk mounting holes identical to holes normally used by shock pulse transducers The accelerometer has 2 pin connector and is connected to Leonova or a measuring terminal via twisted pair cable DuoTech is connected to the
178. this method which is a requirement for the comparison with ISO 1940 1 F 14 Rotor balancing Single plane 4 runs Weight 9 9g Angle 195 p Previous Next Calculation results 4 run method Single plane 2 runs Weight 0 1 gq Angle 51 _ Keep test weight in place e 3 150 1940 1 Previous Next Calculation results 2 run method Alternatives for balancing weights Leonova calculates a number of alternatives for correcting the unbalance Graphical check of calculation results Split the correction mass Input the number of rotor partitions to distribute the correction mass between two of them PALS Radial displacement Input the change in radial distance to recalculate the weight t ECE Calculate radial position of smaller larger balancing weight known weight Fags Weight removal Show drill hole position Degrees to length change from angle to length measured along the rotor circumference al mu ww in c Sum up weights Replace all correction masses on the rotor by one Weight removal Drill hole diameter and depth calculated for various materials Sea a Dt Al Rotor balancing F 15 Trial run and log After balancing weight application a trial run can be made to measure vibration after balancing If balancing was successful the vibration at 1X Applied balancing weight should be considerably lower Single plane 4 runs The information in the
179. tically updated when parameters are changed that affect the time Transducer line quality Transducer line quality test TLO From the measurement window the instrument can be set up to perform a transducer line quality test TLO before measurement Press the ENTER key to enable or disable the TLO test 1 When TLO is enabled the instrument will display the result of the transducer line quality test in the result window so you can check the quality of signal transmission between transducer and instrument Part of your signal will be lost in a poor transducer line so your measuring results will be lower than they should be For shock pulse transducers the following applies e 40000 42000 type transducers the result of the TLO test is a TLT Transducer Line Test value TLT is dimensionless with accepted values between 15 and 25 e 44000 type transducers the result of the TLO test is a TLR Transducer Line Resistance value in kohm resistance Accepted values are between 26 and 40 kQ The TLO test should always be made when you measure with permanently installed transducers Normal TLT TLR values for transducer types 40000 and 42000 are around 20 and for 44000 approx 32 kOhm For 40000 and 42000 type transducers TLT values below 15 are not acceptable so you have to check cables and connectors for bad connections and moisture If the TLO value is below the accepted level the measuring result cannot b
180. time is 30 seconds Voice rec Graphics window The graphics window shows measuring results as dots 1 against a neutral scale or in case of evalu ated measuring results a condition scale 2 Alarm limits defined in Condmaster are marked by thin horizontal lines 3 The type of measuring result 4 is selected in the measuring result window Up to 100 measuring results can be downloaded with a measuring round from Condmaster The set ting is made under System gt Measuring system when Leonova is activated as a measuring device Downloading 5 to 10 measuring results is quite sufficient to see the trend when the new reading is taken The new result is shown before it is saved Trend graph 003 03 12 17 00 00 2005 03 19 06 00 00 M416 Planned maintenance 2001 03 08 11 27 00 FEO Vibration Leonova Emerald ee OU Re scale Y axis Shift F1 Change graph F3 oom F1 Cross F2 Set comment Shift F All comments Measure Save x Close Change Zoom Cross graph Comments are d displayed in the upper right corner Change Zoom Cross graph To select a measuring result dot for further examination use the F2 function key Cross 5 This action displays a crosshair 6 which can be moved between individual measuring results using the instrument arrow keys The measuring result and time of measurement is displayed in the upper right corner of the display 7 A white corner on a fun
181. tion Supreme for evaluated vibration analysis HD Analysis Balancing single plane For each measurement the user can input a comment as text or voice recording Measuring modes Leonova is primarily designed as a data logger Measuring rounds complete with all input data for evaluated measurements are downloaded from a PC running the SPM software Condmaster Ruby After measurement the results are uploaded to the PC When data logging the operator works along a predetermined route and measures in measuring round order As an alternative CondID memory tags can be attached to the machines A measuring point belonging to a downloaded measuring round is identified by reading its tag Leonova dis plays that point and its data ready for measurement For unprepared measurement Leonova contains a default file for each measuring technique When required the input data are entered manually by editing the default values Edited default files can be saved as new default files or as user files which retain both the input data and the measuring results General measurement functions B 3 Transducer Line Quality TLQ The instrument can be set up to perform a transducer line quality test TLO before measurement Testing the quality of signal transmission between transducer and instrument is essential because in a poor transducer line part of the signal will be lost This in turn means that measuring results will be lower t
182. tion under Counter rotational degrees affects the way the angles are displayed while balancing When the box is not marked angles are displayed as shown in figure A When the box is marked angles are displayed as shown in figure B Marking Ounce will show all weights in ounces instead of grams Output unit is the transducer output ACC VEL or DISP General settings MiiCounter rotational degrees _ Ounce Output unit E Previous 90 Next Rotational 0 Counter rotational 0 90 Rotor balancing F 5 Default transducer for balancing measurement The Registration of vibration transducers proce dure is described in Part A of this manual Before starting vibration measurements make sure that the vibration transducer you are using with your Leonova is properly registered configured and selected To select and edit a transducer press the MENU key and select Settings gt Vibration transducers Use the arrow keys to mark a transducer on the list 1 and press F2 Edit 2 to open and view its data To edit transducer data mark the setting you want to change and press F2 Edit The nominal sensitivity of a vibration transducer SLD144 is 10 mV m s The actual sensitivity of the individual transducer is written on its calibration card This data should always be input in the transducer register 3 When several transducers are in use
183. tions Measurement window before measuring The measurement window has three parts the result field A the measuring point field B and the function bar C Their contents differ depending on the type of measurement file and measuring technique used The figure below shows a downloaded round with the dBm dBc technique active before pushing the MEAS key SPM Spectrum 2 1 T 200 04 3 Exhaust fan NDE dBm 20 7 dBc 7 7 TLT 36 2 kOhm 10 41 isk T 200 Exhaust fan 12 _ T 200 04 Exhaust fan NDE O 13 __ __ Exhaust fan NDE 14 __ __ Measure all A Measuring result field Measuring point icon Measuring point number Measuring point name Active measuring technique mR WN Measuring result saved for this technique No blue box yes blue check mark M not measured white box measurement aborted grey check mark 6 Measuring point status when last measured 7 Alternatives for measuring point status after measurement 8 Unit of main measuring result 9 Additional measurements yes no e g transducer line quality spectrum etc C Function bar ine resul Graphics Spectrum B Measuring point field 10 Component 11 Measuring point open measuring assign ments are visible 12 Measuring point number and name marked active 13 Measuring point name on separate line remove under General settings 14 Measure all measuring assignments measur
184. tom enhancement factor 6 Off Enveloping filter Hz BP 500 10000 Advanced Yes Time synch averaging OFF Trigger selection Post trigger P Trigger Trigger level HDeu 24 P Trigger Delay time sec 5 Transducer Portable Tr Name 5LD144 Tm Input Type VIB Trw Type ACC Trv Sensitivity miV my s 10 Tre Max frequency 10000 Tre IEPE type Yes Trv Min bias range W 9 0 Tre Max bias range V 14 0 Tre Settling time sec 3 0 Acquisition time 3 1 seconds 6 No of spectrum lines 400 800 4 3200 6400 12800 Symptom enhancement factor Yes Enveloping filter Hz A number of predefined filters are available to detect damages or anomalies in different stages of develop v Variable speed ment two of which are specifically designed for bearing Eeee TES ET Yes B monitoring and two of which are recommended for of Frequency upper Orders 100 non bearing related problems e g gear damages No of spectrum lines 1600 eT Symptom enhancement factor Off To suppress vibrations in different frequency ranges Sns different HP and BP filters are available The BP filters Evrope oe 9 ERREA d fil d l r Advanced Yes enamad ter aa Filter 1 an 2 are normally use Time synch averaging OFF for special applications and filter 3 and 4 for gear and Trigger selection Post trigger bearing damage P Trigger Trigger level HDeu 24 Filter 1 5 100 Hz P Trigger Delay time sec 3 Transducer Portable Filte
185. ty of the individual transducer is written on its calibration card This data should always be input in the transducer register When several transducers are in use they should be marked to assure that the readings are calibrated Leonova Emerald Vibration i 1000 Hz FRE 1600 lines 1 ill ISO 10816 ISO 2372 3 Previous Next File information Delete mane L_ variable speed 1500 Frequency upper Orders 100 No of spectrum lines 1600 Symptom enhancement factor Off Enveloping filter Hz BP 500 10000 Advanced No Trigger selection none Transducer Portable Tr Name 5LD144 Trv Input Type Tre Type m Ay mV rry s ss time 2 0 seconds Vibration measurement E 21 Defining the assignment With Measuring point data you can edit the meas uring parameters Open with SHIFT F3 and mark the lines in the configuration window one by one with the UP DOWN keys Open them with F1 Edit Variable speed The alternative Variable speed 1 implies that the vibration measurement is preceded by a measurement of the rom HD Order Tracking is always on when measuring HD Enveloping Measure RPM simultaneously Measure RPM simultaneously 2 is normally not used With this setting on you are forced to measure the rom simultaneously with the vibration measurement This must be activated when using Time synchronous averaging Frequency upper Orders The frequency r
186. ulses with variable speed select the speed technique and do not input an rom value with the measuring point data for the others B 8 General measurement functions Leonova Emerald Set comment Shift F2 All comments Recording Stethoscope Add measuring point Add technique 1 nt data Add technique Grinder no 3 RPM g dBm dBe i Fixed RPM 3 LR HR i SPM HD Lui SPM LR HR HD L SPM Spectrum dBm dBc L3 SPM Spectrum LR HR tA 60000 CPM 1600 lines ISO 10816 Ws ISO 2372 fc Temperature Temperature painted surface Hor Temperature rusted iron Recording Recording on the measurement menu 1 is a func tion for taking a stated number of readings at stated intervals or measure for a stated number of minutes Default files and single measurement user files can be used when recording a single quantity e g shock pulses or a certain type of vibration However the Recording feature is consecutive measurement of different quantities using up to three different transducers simultaneously con nected to Leonova e a shock pulse transducer on the SPM input e one vibration transducer on the vib input e a tachometer or temperature probe on the ta chometer temperature input To set up a consecutive recording of a shock pulse measurement a vibration or rom measurement and possibly temperature or any combination of these one needs a measuring point where all w
187. urate all measuring parameters It is recommended that at least two assignments with different filter settings are set up to find damages in various stages of development It is also recommended to add an ordinary velocity vibration measurement 2 1000 Hz to determine if the bearing fault is severe or not You can rename the file with a descriptive name Mark the vibration default file 1 with the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys Press SHIFT F2 and select Rename 2 Input as name via the keyboard window and save with ENTER The new name will show up in the measurement window The default file 1 will have the new name after restarting the instrument Select the HD ENV default file 1 and press ENTER to open Press SHIFT F3 to open Measuring point data Before starting vibration measurements make sure that the vibration transducer you are using with your Leonova is properly selected Default transducer Default vibration transducers for the vibration techniques are set up via the transducer register Default transducer is the active transducer when Portable transducer is selected under Measuring point data To select a default transducer see Chapter A page 15 The transducer data become editable after you switch Transducer 3 from Portable to Remote Provided you know the transducer s frequency range and its upper and lower bias range you can input the data here The actual sensitivi
188. urement w Automatic save after measure Display colours displays the evaluation icon Confirm automatic seve for each listed measuring technique Automatic save opens a Save yes no win dow immediately after a measurement Previous Next These selections concern Balancing General settings Counter rotational degrees means that angles are measured opposite to the direction the rotor IS moving Ounce Ounce changes weights from grams to ounces a Output unit selected from a list 2 is the unit of the vibration measurement acceleration velocity or displacement Previous Next A 12 General instrument functions Display setting General settings You can change the backlight brightness 1 In crease or decrease with LEFT RIGHT arrow keys You can name your instrument 2 The name ap pears when communicating with the computer If you have not named the instrument the instru Instrument name ment serial number will be displayed ee SPM 1 O Power saving General settings You can adjust the time for sleep mode 3 The Ta T i i display will shut down when not used within this e LJ E E F setting Power off 4 will shut down the instru ment completely when not used within this time Sleep mode after Select with UP DOWN and confirm with ENTER Power off after T To disable the automatic power off leave it
189. urement E 19 Peak and Peak to peak values are displayed in the selected time signal unit Press F2 to see the full scale graphics where you can re scale the axis set comments etc see part B of this manual Change graph by pressing F3 in the graphics window Pressing F1 Previous and F2 Next toggles between the different graphs The spectrum is displayed in the selected spectrum unit here velocity 1 Pressing F4 2 toggles between Hz CPM and if rom is measured orders You can choose spectrum type zoom functions time signal and other graphical functions with the function keys See Spectrum functions in part B of this manual E 20 Vibration measurement 1000 Hz 1600 lines Li 1000 Hz 1600 lines 2013 01 10 11 42 30 A 2 512 mm s 300 Hz Zoom Cursor Hz CPM Making HD Enveloping assignments HD Enveloping is an ideal complement to conventional vibration techniques Capable of detecting at a very early stage such machine problems which are generally difficult to find in good time with non enveloping techniques for example bearing damages and gear damage the method utilizes cleverly engineered algorithms for digital signal processing to obtain optimal data for trending purposes A proper measuring point for HD Enveloping has to be made in Condmaster and downloaded to Leonova However it is possible to open the HD ENV default file in the Vibration window 1 and config
190. us dots 2 show the individual evaluation Press F1 to see the Measuring result window The spectrum 3 is always a velocity spectrum For spectrum functions in Leonova see part B of this manual Pressing F4 4 toggles between Hz CPM and if rom is measured orders To save the measuring result press MENU and select Save as The measurement can be saved as a result file or as a file with default settings E 12 Vibration measurement amp I50 10816 i O DISP 18 17 um VEL 5 10 mm s ACC 13 66 m s RPM f VIB 1 Ee 9 1SO 10816 2013 01 Measuring Graphics Spectrum Time sign DISF um VEL mm s acc m s Delete res I ISO 10816 lif ISO 10816 0 2 893 mmis 2013 01 10 08 36 07 0 Hz zoom Cursor al F Making a vibration assignment A proper measuring point for FFT with symptoms or EVAM has to be made in Condmaster using the Condition Manager In Leonova you can set up an vibration assign ment returning a set of condition parameters and single spectrum measured in accordance with the parameters you input under Measuring point data You can rename the file with a descriptive name Mark the vibration default file 1 with the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys Press SHIFT F2 and select Rename 2 Input a name via the keyboard window and save with ENTER The new name will show up in the measurement window The default file 1 will have the new name after
191. v Variable speed When using a DuoTech sensor all fields displays 2 that aig heer normally apply to a vibration transducer The actual data Trv Input Type DuoTech SPM VIB for the individual transducer is written on its calibration Trv Type ACC card This data should always be input in the transducer Trv Sensitivity mV m s 10 register When several transducers are in use they should ion apes be marked to assurethat the readings are calibrated Note rv Min bias range V that measurements with DuoTech will be performed at rv Max bias range V channel VIB 1 Trv Settling time sec For a normalized reading of bearing condition with the Leonova default file go to MENU gt Measuring point data and set the TYPE and the NORM number TYPE number For TYPE no definition see the table on page D 25 4 4 Mark the line TYPE 3 open it with the ENTER key set 5 the number on the keyboard NORM number The default setting for NORM is UNNORMALIZED which produces the shock values LR and HR only If known the NORM number can be input directly Mark the line and open it with the ENTER key then select the number from the displayed list 4 The first choice on the list also produces an unnormalized measurement Given the rotational speed rom and the mean bearing diameter Leonova will calculate and display the NORM number There are two alternatives for mean diameter Input ISO beari
192. v 2010 10 30 10 29 16 Oo aM anae a a iga 6 265 5 Ais Zoom Cursor Result The measuring unit 1 is always the signal unit The diagram is scaled peak to peak Y axis and shows the total sample time 2 along the X axis In the time signal there is no default cursor you can add them to the graph with F2 Cursor 3 gt F1 and F2 See further information overleaf Using the F3 function key Result 4 you can toggle between measurement results and lock the Y axis scale The MENU key option Clear all removes markers and other indicators and also removes a time signal that was selected from the list of saved time signals General measurement functions B 33 To zoom in on a time range press the F1 key Zoom 1 gt F1 Zoom X This zooms the display around the center of the current view To zoom sideways while in zoom mode press SHIFT F1 zoom left or F2 zoom right To zoom in on a part of the amplitude scale press the F1 key Zoom 1 gt F2 Zoom Y The amplitude scale changes To put a cursor 2 into the spectrum press F2 Cur sor 3 With cursor A inserted you can add asecond cursor B 4 The frequency for the period between the cursors 5 is shown in Hertz together with delta values 6 e Delta time time between the two cursors e Delta amplitude difference in amplitude between the two cursors e Delta phase difference in p
193. ve spectrum window The live spectrum window 1 shows a continuously updated spectrum with 200 lines irrespective of other settings The window will come up before measuring with R 011 01 O the vibration measuring techniques and rotor balancing rri Input Bevel Gear This function is activated MENU gt Settings gt Gen E eral settings 2 On the File tab mark Preview live p sa anann te spectrum 3 iting diia dmi didini Re scale 4 will adjust the Y scale to fit the highest a avait value and Lock scale 5 will lock the Y scale man wa Temporary settings can be made in the live spectrum mmr window use the instrument arrow keys to navigate to the arrows button 6 then press ENTER 0 RZ M easure Measuring When pressing Measure the pre set assignment will be performed In the live spectrum window 7 you can temporarily change the upper frequency spectrum unit FFT type average type and count Gerbe 0 3 824 m s Select parameter with the UP DOWN arrow keys and unni annn man HNN change value with LEFT RIGHT Pre set values for the ja da i u measuring point are shown in blue changed values ii man nam in black Changes will not affect settings made under mun nan Measuring point data uu n It is possible to display time signal 8 in the live spectrum EEG window First start the measurement with Preview live spectrum enabled under Settings then
194. w 3 shows the combina tions of results that can be shown in the Graphics window 4 Mark the desired alternative When using the LR HR HD technique the produced SPM Spectrum HD and Time signal HD are shown by pressing the function keys 5 Save the result by pressing the MEASURE SAVE M S key or measure again with SHIFT M S Measurement settings R 001 01 6 12 Raw Mill Input Shaft Bearing 32252 p LR 47 HR 34 CODE E3 H R 001 01 Raw Mill Input PYE Raw Mill Input Shaft Bearing 3 Measure all SENEN nu 100 Orders 1600 Lin POD pe li H Ace 3o VIB Horizontal Wo pdb VIB Vertical go Spectrum wi SPM LR HR HD Y P E O LR ke R RPM SPM Press ENTER for settings G SPM LR HR HD Qo need Speed o bua HR HD Qu Trend graph R 001 01 60 10 LR HR ot btia S n Measurinc Graphics Spectrum Time sign D 32 Shock pulse measurement Measuring an SPM Spectrum An SPM spectrum measurement can be carried out along with either SPM dBm dBc or SPM LR HR It is measured in addition to the ordinary shock values Please note that the spectrum has a secondary role in bearing condition evaluation The primary measure for bearing condition is the evaluated shock pulse measurement In cases where the spectrum shows a good match for one or more of the bearing patterns it is a confirmation that the measured shock puls
195. y spot somewhere along its circumference If we know the position and weight of this heavy spot we can reduce it by taking away mass or more often put a counterweight on the oppisite side of the rotor For one plane balancing it is assumed that the heavy spot is on the centre line of a narrow rotor or near enough so that it does not matter on which side of the centre line the counter weight is place Position mm A EE E eet REN T Counter weight Rotor balancing F 7 Measuring unbalance Unbalance causes excessive vibration However excessive vibration can have any number of other causes Thus before attempting to balance a rotor we must first check that there is in fact an unbalance problem and make sure that other vibration causes such as loose parts and misalignment are eliminated As the heavy spot rotates in the radial plane the vibration values measured in the horizontal H and vertical V directions should be higher than the vibration measured in the axial direction A Check all three directions For balancing measure in direction H or V whichever yields the highest value Unbalance causes vibration with a frequency of 1X which is the shaft frequency in Hz rom 60 also called the first order Check that the vibration spectrum has a clearly dominant line at 1X This line is marked in the Leonova balancing spectrum All balancing methods use a first run to establis

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