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User's Guide to CLShanCommands

1. One of my former German colleague in the Physikalisches Institut der Universitat Bonn Dr Ulrich Langenfeld wanted to give the students some exercises about these boxes and asked me how we can draw these boxes in LT X I gave him my solutions which I made earlier Section 4 1 But I am actually not satisfied with them because they are still too complicate at least for a lazy guy like me So I decided to improve my definitions and two days later I have a set of very simpler newcommands Section 4 2 Note that before you use my clshan YoungTableaux package you have to set up three parameters as following Setup before usepackage def Youngunit 0 5cm def YoungsepT 0 05cm def YoungsepB 0 1 cm usepackage clshan YoungTableaux Here the Youngunit indicates the size of one box in the Young Tableaux the YoungsepT and YoungsepB indicate the vertical separations between the Young Tableaux and the text in the last and the next lines where the T and B stand for top and bottom The set up of these three parameters given above is just my suggestions For sure you can choose your favorite size and distances of separations 4 1 Putting the boxes one by one About three years ago I defined the following newcommand in order to draw the Young Tableaux when I did some exercises about it Definition 85
2. Definitions newcommand bbfG 1 bar mbox boldmath 1 newcommand BbfG 1 overline mbox boldmath 1 newcommand tbfG 1 tilde mbox boldmath 1 newcommand TbfG 1 widetilde mbox boldmath 1 newcommand hbfG 1 hat mbox boldmath 1 newcommand HbfG 1 widehat mbox boldmath 1 Examples w bfG omega bb G xi 2 Bbf G Omega tbfG xi 2 Tb G Omega hbfG xi Q HbfG Omega On the other hand it is convenient for physicists to have some commands for the axes of the coordinate systems specially For the Cartisian coordinates I have Definitions newcommand Axis 1 hspace 0 375ex widehat bf e _ 1 newcommand axis 1 hspace 0 375ex widehat bf 1 26 and for the spherical and cylindrical coordinates Definition newcommand axisG 1 hspace 0 375ex widehat mbox boldmath 1 Examples es Axis x x axis x 0 axisG theta 2 6 Ordinary differentiations 2 6 1 Pure ordinary differentiations or ordinary differentiations in brackets For a ordinary differentiation such like af dzdy we need a long command frac d 2 f dx dy It is surely very convenient to define some newcommands as Definitions newcommand dd 1 frac d Ha 1 newcommand ddd 1 frac d 2 Had 172 newcommand dddd 2 frac d
3. d f x y CDDdd f x y x y dxdy k d nn CDdn f x y x k dak df vDa t x dx 2 af VDDd f x dx 2 def vDDdd f x y dxdy k def VvDan x k dak 37 df dx df dx df dxdy det dark NDd f x NDDd f x NDDdd f x y NDdn f x k Note that there is no such newcommand like Sdd or SDDdd 2 7 Partial differentiations First I defined an abbreviation for the original JATEX command partial as Definition newcommand p partial 2 7 1 Pure partial differentiations As for the ordinary differentiations I defined the following newcommands Definitions newcommand pp 1 frac partial partial 1 newcommand pppt 1 frac partial 2 partial 172 newcommand pppp 2 frac partial 2 partial 1 partial 2 newcommand ppn 2 frac partial 2 partial 417142 newcommand Pp 2 frac partial 1 partial 2 newcommand PPp 2 frac partial 2 1 partial 272 newcommand PPpp 3 frac partial 2 1 partial 2 partial 3 newcommand Ppn 3 frac partial 3 1 partial 427443 A Here you just have to replace d or D in the newcommands for ordinary differentiations by p or the newcommands for partial differentiations Examples 38 P to get
4. newcommand chegnN 1 addtocounter equation 1 renewcommand theequation arabicf equation newcommand cheqnNx 2 addtocounterfequation 1 renewcommand theequation arabicfequation 2 D o Here the ch eg n stand for change eguation number with an x means you want to add something after the number for example a and b above with an N means you want to change the eguation number before the Roman letter Meanwhile because we usually use a b and or c after the number I defined directly the following Nnewcommands for them Definitions newcommand cheqna renewcommand theequation arabic equation a newcommand cheqnb addtocounter equation 1 renewcommand theequation arabicfequation b newcommand cheqnc addtocounter equation 1 renewcommand theequation arabicfequation c Then for the two equations above I just need the following three simple commands Examples cheqnNx 3 a cheqnb cheqn On the other hand if you want to label the equation number like AD 1 3 5 sing gt sa o fees def 4a eit e q at a 1 4 _ def 4b cos amp 5 5 94 def 4b I have also defined some newcommands for such cases Definitions newcommand cheqnX 1 renewcommand theequation 1 arabic equation newcommand cheqnXx 2 re
5. newcommand pdflatexpicframec hspace 1 cm begin minipage 2 cm hspace 1 28cm picframe 2 3 4 end minipage 109 Arguments 1 shift distance of this frame 2 width of the frame 3 height of the frame 4 name of the frame Lengths must be given in unit of cm but without the unit Example pdflatexpicframea 3 4 4 3 dRdQ Compare with the example of picframe Note that if you just want to insert one picture you can use this pdflatexpicframea command But if you want to insert two pictures you need to use the pdflatexpicframea and pdflatexpicframeb commands See the example for the pgfuseimage command For three pictures please combine the pdflatexpicframea the pdflatexpicframeb and pdflatexpicframec commands See the example for the includegraphics command For the pgfuseimage command Definitions newcommand pdflateximageain 3 hspace 1 cm begin minipage 2 cm hspace 0 38cm pgfuseimage 3 end minipage newcommand pdflateximagebin 3 hspace 1 cm begin minipage 2 cm hspace 0 77cm pgfuseimage 3 end minipage newcommand pdflateximagecin 3 hspace 1 cm begin minipage 2 cm hspace 1 28cm pgfuseimage 3 end minipage Arguments 1 shift distance of this frame 2 width of the image 3 name of the image Lengt
6. Definitions newcommand add 1 left frac d Ha 1 right newcommand addd 1 left fracfd 2 Hd 172 Hright newcommand adddd 2 left frac d 2 Hda 1 d 2 right newcommand addn 2 left frac d 2 d 1 2 right newcommand bdd 1 left frac d Md 1 right newcommand bddd 1 left frac d72 Had 172 right newcommand bdddd 2 left frac d 2 Hda 1 d 2 right newcommand bddn 2 left frac d 2 d 1 2 right 28 newcommand aDd 2 left frac d H1 d 2 right newcommand aDDd 2 left frac d 2 1i d 2 2 Hright newcommand aDDdd 3 left frac d72 i d 2 d 3 right newcommand aDdn 3 left frac d 3 1 d 2 3 Hright newcommand bDd 21 left fract d 1i d 2 right newcommand bDDd 2 left frac d72 1 d 2 2 right newcommand bDDdd 3 left frac d7 2 i d 2 d 3 right newcommand bDdn 3 left frac d 3 1 d 2 3 right Examples d add x 2 addd x z d in z adddd x y dE addn x k an d El bdd x d2 d2 ES bdddd x y dE 5l bddn x k aDd f x dx aT NaDDd f x dx 2 ay aDDdd f x y dzdy k 5 aDdn f x k dar 29 E a bDat x Hx dx 2 Cie bDDd f x Hx dx 2 E F z 2 bDDda f x y xy dzdy k Pty bDdn f x y x k
7. newcommand Young 2 begin minipage 1 setlength unitlength Youngunit begin center vspace YoungsepT begin picture 2 end picture vspace YoungsepB end center end minipage Here the argument 1 is the width of the place where you put your boxes I used the minipage environment here because I want to fix the Young Tableaux in the center of the line where it is Note that not like what I usually did for my other newcommands you need to give the unit of the length e g cm or in here Meanwhile the argument 2 above has two parts the first part indicates the size of a Young Tableaux and have to be given as Ng Ny where ng and ny are the maximum number of boxes in the horizontal and vertical directions the second part is a set of commands which indicates the positions of the boxes You have two choices for indicating the position of one boz Definitions newcommand pbox 1 amp Aput 1 usebox Youngbox newcommand pboxX 2 put 1 usebox Youngbox Nput 1 makebox 1 1 2 setlength unitlength Youngunit newsavebox Youngbox savebox Youngbox 1 1 begin picture 1 1 put 0 0 line 0 1 1 put 0 1 line 1 0 1 put 1 1 line O 1 1 put 1 0 line 1 0 1 end picture Here pbox means put a box and pboxX means put a box with something X You can use the pbox to put jus
8. 62 gt To gt 1To LTo Combine gets with to or Gets with To you have now the double head arrows Definitions newcommand getsto leftrightarrow newcommand lgetsto longleftrightarrow newcommand Lgetsto longleftarrow longrightarrow newcommand Getsto Leftrightarrow newcommand 1Getsto Longleftrightarrow newcommand LGetsto Longleftarrow Longrightarrow Note that you don t need to can not write a command such like GetsTo or LGetsTo for a double line arrow Examples gt getsto lgetsto Lgetsto gt Getsto 1Getsto gt LGetsto Moreover it seems for the elementary particle physicists very convenient and simpler to remember if we rename the upward and downward arrows as spin up and spin down Definitions newcommand spinU uparrow newcommand spinD downarrow Examples spinU 4 spinD 63 2 10 Bras kets and expectation values In quantum mechanics we use very often the bra and ket symbols x and x it is for sure worth to define some newcommands for them Definitions newcommand bra 1 langle textstyle 1 newcommand ket 1 4 textstyle 1 rangle newcommand Bra 1 left lt 1 right newcommand Ket 1 left 1 right gt As us
9. Definitions newcommand td tilde newcommand Td widetilde newcommand trm 1 tilde rm 1 newcommand Trm 1 widetilde rm 1 newcommand tbf 1 tilde bf 1 newcommand Tbf 1 widetilde bf 1 24 where the capital T stands for wide tilde The newcommands for hat and wide hat are Definitions newcommand h widehat newcommand hrm 1 Nhat rm 1 newcommand Hrm 1 widehat rm 1 newcommand hbf 1 hat bf 1 newcommand Hbf 1 widehat bf 1 Note that the newcommand for wide hat has been defined as Ah with the small letter h because the command NH has already defined as original IATEX command for H a Examples U Bar U J brm J U Brm U J bbf J U NBbf U J td J U Ta U J trm J U Trm U J tbf J U Tbf U a h a I hrm I Hrm U I nbf I U Hbf U 25 2 5 Greek letters in the bold face print type Sometimes I have to use the greek letters as vectors or axes in physics But the series of command for a greek letter in bold face type is too long to type and too complicate to remember So just define a simple newcommand for always Definition newcommand bf G 1 mbox boldmath 1 Furthermore I defined some newcommands for the cases with accents as following
10. Note that first the suggestions for values of the arguments 4 5 and 6 here can not be suitable for every case I just want to give you an idea how large these values could approximately be so that you can adjust them more easily Second I set here the unit length to be 1 cm and all arguments of the newcommands defined in this section for lengths must be given in unit of cm and the unit cm must be neglected As a good example I give you here the command which I used for the first part of the equation above Example eliminate sqrt Q left right 3 32 2 3 1 6 0 05 Similarly sometimes we want to show a simple value for example 1 or 1 of a complicate part of one equation more clearly then we can use a newcommand defined as Definition 69 newcommand equalto 7 setlength unitlength 1cm raisebox 0 5ex begin picture 3 0 put 0 0 makebox 3 7 displaystyle 1 put 0 0 makebox 3 7 vector 4 1 5 put 0 0 makebox 3 6 hspace 5 cm hspace lem small 2 end picture Here the arguments have been defined as Arguments 1 the term in this equation which is equal to a special value 2 the value to which the treated term is equal 3 the width of the treated term 4 the direction of the arrow there are four choices 1 2 3 4 5 the length of the projection of the arrow on the x axis usuall
11. a cdd x 2 L cddd x d2 dedo cdddd x y dE Tak cddn x k a vdd x 2 a vddd x d2 T vdddd x y dE Tak vddn x k a ndd x 2 1 nddd x d2 dadi ndddd x y dE Tar nddn x k qe sdd x z 2 E sddd x d2 dad sdddd x y dk TF sddn x k And for the differentiations having df dx form I have 31 Definitions newcommand cDd 2 left Mfrac d H1 4d 2 right gt newcommand cDDd 21 left frac d 2 1i d 2 2 right newcommand cDDdd 3 left fracf d 2 tiHa 2 d 3 right newcommand cDdn 3 left Mfrac d H3 1 d 2 3 right newcommand vDd 2 left fractd 1 d 2 Hright newcommand vDDd 2 left frac d72 i d 272 right newcommand vDDdd 3 left frac d 2 1 d 2 d 3 right newcommand vDdn 3 left frac d 3 1 d 2 3 right gt newcommand nDd 2 left Wert fractd 1 d 2 right Vert newcommand nDDd 2 left Vert frac d 2 1 d 2 2 right Vert newcommand nDDdd 3 left Vert frac d 2 i d 2 d 3 right Vert newcommand nDdn 3 left Vert frac d 3 1 d 2 3 right Vert newcommand sDd 2 sqrt Mfractd it d 2 Fob newcommand sDDd 2 sqrt Mfrac d 2 it d 4272 Fob newcommand sDDdd 3 sqrt frac d 2 1i d 2 d 3 Fob newcommand sDdn 3 sqrt Mrac d
12. for the table and table environments Note that the s in the above commands stands for star On the other hand you can also define just one command for an environment Definitions newcommand figin 1 begin figure 1 end figure newcommand figsin 1 begin figure 1 end figure newcommand tabin 1 begin table 1 end table newcommand tabsin 11 begin table 1 end table Moreover you can also combine the label command as following Definitions newcommand figlabel 2 newcommand figslabe1 2 begin figure 1 label fig 2 end figure begin figure x 1 label fig 2 end figure newcommand tablabel 2 newcommand tabslabel 2 begin table 1 label tab 2 end table begin table 1 label tab 2 end table or even also combine the caption command Definitions newcommand figlabelcap 3 newcommand figslabelcap 3 begin figure 1 label fig 2 caption 3 end figure begin figure 1 label fig 2 caption 3 end figure newcommand tablabelcap 3 newcommand tabslabelcap 3 begin table 1 label tab 2 caption 3 end table begin table 1 label tab 2 caption 3 end table Example figlabelcap p begin center begin picture 10 10 put 2 2 framebox 6 6 Sample end picture e
13. italics slanted and small caps up stands for upright and x xi and xii stand for the character size 10pt 11pt and 12pt Examples Xcmrmx Computer modern roman 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 17 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 cmitx Computer modern italics 7 8 9 10 12 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopgrstuvwzxyz 1284567890 cmupitx Computer modern upright italics 10 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abecedefghijklmnopqrstuvwzxyz 1234567890 Ncmslrmx Computer modern slanted roman 8 9 10 12 ABCDEFGHIJELMNOPORSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopgrstuvwxyz 1234567890 cmscx COMPUTER MODERN CAPS AND SMALL CAPS 8 9 10 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 1234567890 Here the numbers in the parentheses are the original design sizes in unit of pt in IATEX 8 1 2 Computer modern fonts bold fonts I defined the following 4 bold newfonts But the computer modern bold roman font not the computer modern bold font is just the usual bold face font bf in IATRX and the letters not the numbers in the computer modern bold italics font are the same as the letters in the usual mathematical mode under the boldmath command but there is no extra space between two neighbor letters and the space between two words has been keep 130 Computer modern bold newf
14. newcommand ADdn 3 Bigg frac d 3 1 d 2 3 Bigg newcommand BDd 21 Bigg Mrac d i d 2 HBigg newcommand BDDd 2 Bigg Mfractd 2 1 d 272 HBigg 7 newcommand BDDdd 3 Bigg Mfractd 2 tiHd 2 d 3 Bigg 7 newcommand BDdn 3 Bigg Mfrac d H3 1 d 273 HBigg newcommand CDd 2 Bigg Xfractd 1i d 2 Bigg newcommand CDDd 2 Bigg frac d 2 1 d 272 Bigg newcommand CDDdd 3 Bigg frac d 2 1 d 2 d 3 Bigg newcommand CDdn 3 Bigg frac d 3 1 d 2 3 Bigg newcommand VDd 21 Bigg Mrac d 81 4d 2 Bigg newcommand VDDd 21 Bigg frac d72 1 d 272 HBigg newcommand VDDdd 3 Bigg Mfractd 2 i d 2 d 3 Bigg gt newcommand VDdn 3 Bigg frac d 3 1 d 2 3 HBigg newcommand NDd 2 Bigg Vert frac d 1 d 2 Bigg Vert newcommand NDDd 2 Bigg Vert frac d 2 1 d 2 2 Bigg Vert newcommand NDDdd 3 Bigg Vert frac d 2 1 d 2 d 3 Bigg Vert newcommand NDdn 3 Bigg Vert frac d 3 1 d 2 3 Bigg Vert Examples 36 ADd f Hx dx 2 5 ADDd x 2 def ADDdd f Hx Hy dxdy k E f ADdn f x k pk E J BDA f x Hx dx d f x BDDd f x Hx dx ea BDDdd f x y x y dxdy E 2 NBDdn f x y HxHk dar CDd f x Hx CDDd f x Hx
15. newcommand adeld 21 left nabla_ 2 1 right 52 newcommand bdel 1 left nabla 1 right newcommand bdelu 2 left Nnabla H2 1 right newcommand bdeld 2 left nabla_ 2 1 right newcommand cdel 1 left f nabla 1 right gt newcommand cdelu 2 left Nnabla H2 1 right newcommand cdeld 2 left nabla_ 2 1 right newcommand vdel 1 left nabla 1 right newcommand vdelu 2 left Nnabla H2 1 right newcommand vdeld 2 left nabla_ 2 1 right newcommand ndel 1 left Vert nabla 1 right Vert newcommand ndelu 2 left Vert nabla 2 1 right Vert newcommand ndeld 2 left Vert nabla_ 2 1 right Vert newcommand sdel 1 sqrt nabla 1 bob newcommand sdelu 21 sqrt nabla 2 1 Fob newcommand sdeld 21 sqrt nabla_ 2 1 bob Examples Vf adel f Vf adelu f x Vif adeld f x Vf z y bdel f x y V f x y bdeluff x y x Va f x y bdeld f x y Hx Vf x y cdel f x y V f x y cdeluff x y x Vif x y cdeld f x y Hx 53 V fl vdel t SL vdelu t x Vil vdeld t x IV fl ndel f ve fl ndelu f x llV fl ndeld f x VNf sdel f VV f sdelu f x Vill sdeld f x For enlarging of the d
16. newcommand defmast tabt Definitions 1 3 p 4 5 cm p 0O 5cm p 10 7 cm newcommand defmasc tabc 1 3 p 4 5 cm p0 5cm p 10 7 cm newcommand defbmt tabt Definition 1 3 p 5 2 cm p 0 5cm p 10 cm newcommand defbmst tabt Definitions 1 3 p 5 2 cm p 0 5cm p 10 cm newcommand defbmsc tabc 1 3 p 5 2 cm pf0 5cm p 10 cm newcommand defct tabt Definition 1 3 p 5 cm p 0 5cm p 10 2 cm newcommand defcst tabt Definitions 1 3 p 5 cm p 0 5cm p 10 2 cm newcommand defcsc tabc 11 3HIp15 cm p 0 5cm p 10 2 cm Here def ma bm and c stand for definition matrix beamer plural of a noun bi color and y ig stands for the Definitions newcommand ext 1 tabt Example 1 p 2 5cm p 6cm newcommand exst 1 tabt Examples 1 p 2 5cm p 6cm newcommand exsc 1 tabc 1 p 2 5cm p 6cm newcommand exbmt 1 tabt Example 1 p 16 55cm newcommand exbmst 1 tabt Examples 1 p 16 55cm newcommand exbmsc 1 tabc 1 p 16 55cm newcommand exfontt 1 tabt Example 1 p 2 5cm p 13 6cm newcommand exfontst 1 tabt Examples 1 p 2 5cm p 13 6cm newcommand exfontsc 1 tabc 1 p 2 5cm p 13 6cm Here ex stands for example and font stands ju
17. I m lazy to do such thing again and again even just to write some long series of commands once Hence I defined the following newcommands for different brackets involving a fraction Definitions newcommand afrac 2 left frac 1 2 right newcommand bfrac 2 left frac 1 2 right newcommand cfrac 2 left frac 1 2 right newcommand vfrac 2 left frac 1 2 right newcommand nfrac 2 left Vert frac 1 2 right Vert newcommand sfrac 21 sqrt frac 1 2 Fob a Here a b and c correspond to 1 and respectively v stands for the IATRX command for Avert n stands for norm and s for square root or the BTEX command for square root sqrt Now what I need to do is just to type or change the letter before frac Examples 2 afrac f 2 y Nbfrac f x H2 1 ol a cfrac f x cdots 2 2 vfrac f x 2 Te nfrac f x 2 ne sfrac f x 2 13 On the other hand sometimes I want to make for example the first parentheses in the equation below larger to look more suitable for the later one 3 ear bate a ye For this aim I have to use the command Bigg frac 3 xy Bigg Hence it seems better for me to define some newcommands for such necessities Definitions newcommand Afrac 2 Bigg
18. frac 1 2 Bigg newcommand Bfrac 2 Bigg frac 1 2 Bigg newcommand Cfrac 2 Bigg frac 1 2 Bigg newcommand Vfrac 2 Bigg frac 1 2 Bigg gt newcommand Nfrac 2 Bigg vert frac 1 2 Bigg Vert Here I used the capital letters A B C V and N to indicate that first they are the partner commands for afrac bfrac etc second the common effect of these commands is to make the brackets larger Please note that there is no such command like Sfrac Examples 2 Afrac f H2 Ea VBfrac f x H2 cfrac f x cdots H2 Ma Wfrac f x H2 a Nfrac f x H2 2 2 2 A negative fraction u_ Sometimes I have to put a minus sign in front of a fraction involved in brackets so I defined these newcommands Definitions 14 newcommand amfrac 21 left frac 1 2 right newcommand bmfrac 2 left frac 1 2 right newcommand cmfrac 2 left frac 1 2 right newcommand vmfrac 2 left frac 1 2 right newcommand nmfrac 2 left Vert frac 1 2 right Vert newcommand smfrac 21 sqrt 4 frac 1 2 Fob and similarly in order to enlarge the brackets I defined Definitions newcommand Amfrac 2 Bigg nspace 0 5ex hspace 0 5ex frac i 2 Bigg
19. newcommand Bmfrac 2 Bigg hspace 0 5ex hspace 0 5ex frac 1 2 Bigg newcommand Cmfrac 2 Bigg hspace 0 5ex hspace 0 5ex frac 1 2 Bigg newcommand Vmfrac 2 Bigg nspace 0 5ex hspace 0 5ex frac 1 2 Bigg newcommand Nmfrac 2 Bigg Vert hspace 0 5ex hspace 0 5ex frac 1 2 Bigg Vert Examples z amfrac f 2 a bmf rac f x 2 EN cmfrac f x cdots H2 4 vmfrac f x 2 2 nmfrac f x 2 an smfrac f x 2 15 4 Amfrac f 2 A Bmfrac f x 2 f Tt Cmfrac f x cdots 2 ne Wmfrac f x H2 O Nmfrac f x 2 2 3 Brackets absolute values and norms involving an arbitrary ar gument 2 3 1 Im normal size After that I had defined some simple newcommands for the brackets absolute values norms and square roots involving a fraction I found that it is very convenient to use this a b c v n s system Hence I decided to follow it to define more newcommands Definitions newcommand abrac 1 left 1 right gt newcommand bbrac 1 left di right newcommand cbrac 1 left 1 right gt newcommand vbrac 1 left 1 right newcommand nbrac 1 left Vert 1 right Vert 699 Here a b and c correspond to 1 and respectively v stands for the IATRX command for Avert
20. newcommand Vpd 2 Big partial_ 2 1 Big newcommand Np 1 Big Vert partial 1 Big Vert newcommand Npu 2 Big Vert partial 2 1 Big Vert newcommand Npd 2 Big Vert partial_ 2 1 Big Vert Note that the A B C V and N here stand not for the largest commands Bigg but for the larger ones Big Examples os ap t af Aput f x af Apa f Hx ar x Wpt x y o Ha y Bputt x y Hx os F 2 y VBpd f x y Hx ore NCp x y are cputt x y Hx osfv cpatf x y Hx gi Vp f of Vpu f x 0 vpdtt H x ol os Np f of Npu f Hx On f Npd f x 2 8 Operators involving the V 2 8 1 Basic operators The newcommands for the basic operators involving a V have been defined as Definitions newcommand del nabla newcommand Grad nabla newcommand Div nabla cdot newcommand Cur1 nabla times newcommand Lap nabla 2 Examples del Grad Div Vx Curl y Lap 2 8 2 del family Certainly I have also some useful newcommands for the usual use of the operators involving a del in brackets in square roots or the simple types For the del family I defined Definitions newcommand adel 1 left nabla 1 right newcommand adelu 2 left Nnabla 82 1 right
21. 7174 7C 148 for the it font cmitttsyma 36 44 24 ES cmitttsyma 38 46 26 On the other hand in the computer modern typewriter extension font there are pretty lots of useful mathematical symbols As examples I give you them here Examples a cmttexsyma 2 72 2 p cmttexsyma 3 3 3 7 cmttexsyma 9 11 9 6 cmttexsyma 10 12 A cmttexsyma 6 76 6 A cmttexsyma 3 10 8 T cmttexsyma 7 7 7 t cmttexsyma 11 213 B y cmttexsyma 1 1 1 cmttexsyma 24 30 18 4 cmttexsyma 25 31 19 5 cmttexsyma 23 27 17 A cmttexsyma 4 4 4 v cmttexsyma 31 37 1F lt cmttexsyma 28 34 1C 2 cmttexsyma 29 35 1D cmttexsyma 26 32 1A cmttexsyma 30 36 1E gt cmttexsyma 17 21 11 c cmttexsyma 16 020 102 U cmttexsyma 19 23 13 n cmttexsyma 18 22 12 149 Vv cmttexsyma 20 24 14 3 cmttexsyma 21 25 15 cmttexsyma 12 714 C cmttexsyma 13 15 D 8 cmttexsyma 22 26 16 o cmttexsyma 27 33 1B 9 cmttexsyma 15 17 F o cmttexsyma 14 16 E cmttexsyma 127 7177 7F cmttexsyma 5 75 5 Moreover among the character numbers of the special symbols listed in Section and the exceptions in the basic designed typewriter font given in Sectio
22. V7A aLap bf A V fA NbLap f bf A V fA cLap f bf A V2A vLap bf A VA nLap bf A V2A sLap bf A V A ALap bf A v fA BLap f bf A vza CLap f bf A val VLap bf A vea NLap bf A 61 2 9 Arrows Almost all of the original IATEX commands for the different arrow types in different directions are too long for a lazy man like me except these two gets and to for lt and gt Therefore I decided to give them shorter names At the same time I also extended the arrow system Definitions newcommand lgets longleftarrow newcommand Lgets longleftarrow WWA MINI IF newcommand Gets Leftarrow newcommand 1Gets Longleftarrow newcommand LGets Longleftarrow Here the capital G stands for a arrow with double line and the small I and capital L stand for a longer and the longest arrows Examples lgets Lgets lt Gets lGets lt LGets For the arrows towards to right side you just need to change the gets or Gets to to or To respectively Definitions newcommand 1to longrightarrow newcommand Lto MMAE MAMAI MMNM Mongrightarrow newcommand To Rightarrow newcommand 1To Longrightarrow newcommand LTo Longrightarrow Examples Ito XLto
23. n stands for norm Examples a abrac x 2 1 bbrac x 2 2 cbrac x 2 16 x vbrac x 2 lar nbrac x 2 On the other hand sometimes we need brackets absolute values or norms with just one side thus I defined the following newcommands For cases with the left side Definitions newcommand aleft 1 f left 1 right newcommand bleft 1 f left 1 right newcommand cleft 1 left t 1 right newcommand vleft 1 left 1 right newcommand nleft 1 left Vert 1 right and for cases with the right side Definitions newcommand aright 1 left 1 right newcommand bright 1 left 1 right y newcommand cright 1 left 1 right gt newcommand vright 1 left 1 right newcommand nright 1 left 1 right Vert Examples 2 aleft x 2 x bleft x 2 1 cleft x 2 ES vleft x 2 z nleft x 2 x aright x 2 a bright x 2 g cright x 2 17 2 vright x 2 x nright x 2 2 3 2 Enlarging brackets absolute values or norms For enlarging brackets absolute values or norms I have Definitions newcommand aBig 1 Big 1 Big newcommand bBig 11 Big L 1 WMigl newcommand cBig 1 Big f 1 Big gt newcommand vBig 1 Big 1 Big newcommand n
24. newcommand pictframe 7 vspace 0 3cm begin columnsonlytextwidth columnright 2 picframe 3 4 5 columncenter 1 7 hspace 0 6cm columncenter 2 picframe 3 4 6 columncenter 1 7 hspace 0 6cm columnleft 2 picframe 3 4 7 end columnsonlytextwidth vspace 0O 1cm Arguments 102 1 space width between two neighbor frames 2 common column width 3 common width of the three frames 4 common height of the three frames 5 name of the left frame 6 name of the middle frame 7 name of the right frame 1 x 2 2 x 3 text width default 10 8 cm my personal 11 8 cm Lengths must be given in unit of cm but without the unit For the case of three frames which have different widths I have Definition newcommand picTframe 7 vspace 0 3cm begin columnsonlytextwidth columnright 2 picframe 5 columncenter 1 7 hspace 0 6cm columncenter 3 picframe 6 columncenter 1 7 hspace 0 6cm columnleft 4 picframe 7 end columnsonlytextwidth vspace 0O 1cm Arguments 1 space width between two neighbor frames 2 width of the left column 3 width of the middle column 4 width of the right column 5 width height and name of the left frame 6 width height and name of the middle frame 7 width height and name of the right frame 1 x 2 2 3 4 text width
25. newfont cmfurmxi cmff10 scaled magstephalf newfont cmfurmxii cmff10 scaled magstep1 Computer modern funny italics newfont cmfuitx cmfi10 newfont cmfuitxi cmfi10 scaled magstephalf newfont cmfuitxii cmfi10 scaled Wmagstep1 135 Computer modern Dunhill newf ont cmdunx cmdunh10 newfont cmdunxi cmdunhi0 scaled magstephalf newfont cmdunxii cmdunhi0 scaled Wmagstep1 Computer modern Fibnocci newfont cmfibviii cmfib8 Here fu dun and fib stand for funny Dunhill and Fibnocci Please note here that the computer modern Fibnocci font have been defined only for Spt and I didn t extended it to any other size Examples cmfurmx Computer modern funny roman 10 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abedefghijkimnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 cmfuitx Computer modern funny italics 10 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abedergnhijkimnopqrstuvWwIYZ 1234567890 cmdunx Computer modern Dunhill 10 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopgrstuvwxyz 1234567890 cmfibviii Computer modern Fibonacci 8 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPORSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopgrstuvwxyz 1234567890 8 1 6 Computer modern fonts mathematical symbols For some special mathematical use I defined the following 4 newfonts The letters not the numbers in the computer modern mathematical italics font are the same as the
26. 0 1 y gammae 1 0 1 0 gammaE O 1 where the z and Z stand for zero and the e and E indicate 5 Definitions newcommand gammaz renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 left begin farray c c 1g OM 0 1 end array right newcommand gammaZ renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 left begin array c c o amp 1 1 amp 0 end array right newcommand gammae renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 left begin array c c o gt amp 1 WN 17 amp 70 end array right 79 newcommand gammaE renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 Meft begin array c c 1 amp 0 MW O amp 1 end array right 3 4 Gell Mann A matrices The eight Gell Mann A matrices 0 1 M 1 0 0 lambdaa 0 0 0 0 A i 0 0 Maambdab 0 0 0 1 0 0 A3 0 1 0 lambdac 0 0 0 0 0 1 M 0 0 0 lambdad 1 0 0 0 0 AS 0 0 0 lambdae i 0 0 80 0 0 0 0 0 1 lambdaf 0 1 0 0 0 0 N 0 0 lambdag 0 i 0 1 0 0 A8 A 0O 1 0 lambdah 0 0 2 have also been defined with the commands lambdaa lambdab lambdah Definitions newcommand lambdaa renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 Meft beginfarray c c c 707 amp 17 amp 07M 17 amp 07 amp OF WN 707 amp 07 amp 07 end array right newcommand lambdab renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 left beginf
27. 1 AMS Euler bold fraktur newcommand eubffrsyma 1 mbox eubffrx symbol 1 newcommand eubffrsymb 1 mbox eubffrxi symbol 1 newcommand eubffrsymc 1 1 mbox eubffrxii symbol 1 163 AMS Euler scripts newcommand euspsyma 1 mbox euspx symbol 1 newcommand euspsymb 1 mbox euspxi symbol 1 newcommand euspsymc 1 mbox euspxii symbol 1 AMS Euler bold scripts newcommand eubfspsyma 1 mbox eubfspx symbol 1 newcommand eubfspsymb 1 mbox eubfspxi symbol 1 newcommand eubfspsymc 1 mbox eubfspxii symbol 1 8 2 12 Washington cyrillic fonts For all newfonts defined in Section symbols more convenient Washington cyrillic roman 8 1 9 I defined the following newcommands in order to use their special newcommand wcrmsyma 1 mbox wermx symbol 1 newcommand wcrmsymb 1 mbox wermxi symbol 1 newcommand wcrmsymc 1 mbox wcrmxii symbol 1 Washington cyrillic bold newcommand wcbfsyma 1 mbox webfx symbol 1 newcommand wcbfsymb 1 1 mbox wcbfxi symbol 1 newcommand wcbfsymc 1 mbox wcbfxii symbol 1 Washington cyrillic italics newcommand wcitsyma 1 mbox wcitx symbol 1 newcommand wcitsymb 1 mbox wcitxi symbol 1 newcommand wcitsymc 1 mbox wcitxii symbol 1 Washington cyrillic sa
28. 2 Hada 1 d 2 newcommand ddn 2 frac d 2 d 1 2 newcommand Dd 2 fract d 1 d 2 newcommand DDd 2 frac d 2 1 d 2 2 newcommand DDdd 3 frac d 2 1 d 2 d 3 newcommand Ddn 3 frac d 3 1 d 2 3 These commands look complicate But they are actually very convenient to remember and use First we need to know how many d s there are in this expression d dd counts as 2 If there is also the differentiated function e g f here then we write down a capital D otherwise we just write down a small d Second we write down what we want to differentiate and with respect to what we differentiate Note here that first for x you just need to give an x as argument this time second if there is no differentiated function you don t need to can not write for the lack differentiate function This is why the number of arguments in the first box above are always one argument less than those in the second box Now I give the examples to let you understand better and clearer 27 Examples d dE dd x d2 di ddd x d2 EN dddd x y dE dak ddn x k d df Md f x dx i DDd f x dx 5 d2 f DDdd f x y dxdy k a Ddn f x k dak Moreover for the expression in brackets such like d dx me or dx kba you just have to add an a or b in front of for example dd or DDd
29. Cddd 1 Bigg frac d72 Ha 172 Bigg newcommand Cdddd 2 Bigg frac d 2 Hd 1 d 2 Bigg newcommand Cddn 2 Bigg frac d7 2 d 1 2 Bigg gt newcommand Vdd 1 Bigg Mrac d Ha 1 Bigg newcommand Vddd 1 Bigg Mrac d 2 Hd 172 Bigg newcommand Vdddd 21 Bigg frac d 2 d 1 d 2 Bigg newcommand Vddn 21 Bigg frac d 2 d 1 2 Bigg newcommand Ndd 11 Bigg Vert frac d Md 1 Bigg Vert newcommand Nddd 1 Bigg Vert frac d 2 d 172 Bigg Vert newcommand Ndddd 2 Bigg Vert frac d 2 d 1 d 2 Bigg Vert newcommand Nddn 2 Bigg Wert frac d 2 d 1 2 Bigg Vert Examples d Add x 2 za Addd x fi d dody Adddd x y dE ER Addn x k x 34 d d ia Bddd x d2 dady Bdddd x y dE d B Cdd x 2 a Cddd x L d2 dedi Cdddd x y dE T Cddn x k L d PE Vdd x d2 E Vddd x d2 dE dak Vddn x k d de Ndd x d2 Tr Nddd x d2 dedy Ndddd x y dE 35 and for the df dx like differentiations corresponding to aDd vDDdd and so on I have Definitions newcommand ADd 21 Bigg Mrac d 81 4d 2 HBigg newcommand ADDd 21 Bigg Mfractd 2 1 d 4272 HBigg 7 newcommand ADDdd 3 Bigg Mfractd 2 1 d 2 d 3 Bigg
30. XYZ stand for that one two or three capital letters should be combined together under the slash sign Examples E Xslash C CP XYslash CP CPT XYZslash CPT 68 2 14 eliminate equalto and cancel Sometimes we want to show an elimination clearly such like 0 vola a bai o 1 One of my former German colleague in the Physikalisches Institut der Universitat Bonn Dr Markus Bernhardt asked me for a solution and one day later I gave him my definition Definition newcommand eliminate 6 setlength unitlength 1cm raisebox 0 5ex begin picture 2 0 put 0 0 makebox 2 6 displaystyle 1 put 0 0 makebox 2 6 vector 3 1 4 put 0 0 makebox 2 5 hspace 4 cm hspace lem small 0 end picture Here the arguments have been defined as Arguments 1 42 3 4 5 6 Lengths must be given in unit of cm but without the unit the term in this equation which you want to eliminate the width of the treated term the direction of the arrow there are four choices 1 2 3 4 the length of the projection of the arrow on the x axis usually can be set to be equal to 3 the height of the 0 usually can be set to be between 0 9 and 1 2 a fine tune of the height of the treated term usually can be set to be between 0 and 0 1
31. cmbsy10 newfont cmbfsyxi cmbsy10 scaled magstephalf newfont cmbfsyxii cmbsy10 scaled magstep1 Here math and sy stand for mathematical and symbol Examples Computer modern mathematical italics 10 12 cmmathitx ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcde fghijklmnopgrstwvwryz 1234567890 Computer modern mathematical bold 10 cmmathbfx ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPORSTUVWXYZ abcde fghijklmnopgrstwvwcyz 1234567890 Computer modern symbols 10 cmsyx ABCDEFGHULIIKLMNOPORSTUWWAYVZ Computer modern bold symbols 10 cmbfsyx ABCDEFGHTIKL MNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Here I put the commands in the second instead of the first line on the left side because the names of the newfonts e g computer modern mathematical italics have not been typed in their own font but in italics or computer modern bold italics 137 8 1 7 AMS mathematical symbols In order to use their special mathematical symbols I defined at first the AMS mathematical symbol A and the AMS mathematical symbol B newfonts in the clshan font package See Sections 8 2 9 and 8 2 10 AMS mathematical symbol A newfont amssyax msam10 newfont amssyaxi msam10 scaled magstephalf newfont amssyaxii msam10 scaled magstep1 AMS mathematical symbol B newfont amssybx msbm10 newfont amssybxi msbm10 scaled magstephalf newfont amssybxii msbm10 sca
32. dak 2 6 2 Completing the a b c v n s system for the ordinary differentiations In order to complete my a b c v n s system for the ordinary differentiations in brackets and so on I added the following newcommands for the differentiations having d dx form Definitions newcommand cdd 1 left fracf d Had 1 right newcommand cddd 1 left frac d 2 Hd 172 right newcommand cdddd 2 left frac d 2 Hd 1 d 2 right gt newcommand cddn 2 left frac d 2 d 1 2 right newcommand vdd 1 left fracfd Had 1 right newcommand vddd 1 left frac d 2 Md 172 right newcommand vdddd 2 left frac d 2 Hd 1 d 2 right gt newcommand vddn 2 left frac d 2 d 1 2 right gt newcommand ndd 1 left Vert fracfd Ha 1 right Vert newcommand nddd 1 left Wert frac d 2 d 172 right Vert newcommand ndddd 2 left Vert frac d 2 Mdd d 2 right Vert newcommand nddn 2 left Vert frac d 2 d 1 2 right Vert newcommand sdd 11 sqrt frac d Ha 1 right newcommand sddd 11 sqrt frac d 2 Hd 172 right newcommand sdddd 21 sqrt frac d 2 Hd 1 d 2 right gt newcommand sddn 2 sqrt frac d 2 d 1 2 right 30 Examples
33. default 10 8 cm my personal 11 8 cm 5 6 7 width height name Lengths must be given in unit of cm but without the unit Here the small t and capital T denote triple and the small and the capital letter are for columns with equal or different width respectively Note that because the number of arguments for one newcommand can be maximum 9 the last three arguments must be written as such form width height name Examples pictframe 0 6 3 2 3 3 Coma Hydra Perseus picTframe 0 3 3 3 4 2 3 3 Coma 3 3 Hydra 3 8 3 Perseus 103 6 5 Inserting pictures with the pgfuseimage command First I gave an other name for the command pgfuseimage in order to let the commands for this system easily to remember Definition newcommand imagein 1 pgfuseimage 1 Example imagein dRdQ Now similar to what I did in the last section I considered the cases of two or three images which have the same or different widths respectively Actually what I had to do is just change the command picframe to pgfuseimage Two images with the same width Definition newcommand imagedin 4 vspace 0 3cm begin columnsonlytextwidth columnright 2 pgfuseimage 3 columncenter 1 7 hspace 0 6cm columnleft 2 pgfuseimage 4 end columnsonlytextwidth vspace 0O 1cm Arguments 1 space w
34. frac partial 2 partial 1 partial 2 right newcommand vppn 2 left frac partial 2 partial 1 2 right newcommand npp 1 left vert frac partial partial 1 right Vert newcommand nppp 1 left vert frac partial72 partial 172 HrightWert newcommand npppp 2 left Vert frac partial72 partial 1 Apartial 2 right Vert newcommand nppn 2 left Vert frac partial 2 partial 17 2 right Vert newcommand spp 1 sqrt frac partial partial 1 newcommand sppp 1 sqrt frac partial 2 partial 172 F newcommand spppp 2 sqrt frac partial 2 partial 1 partial 2 newcommand sppn 2 sqrt frac partial 2 partial 1 2 Examples o 7 app x 9 ga appp x 9 sx apppp x y or ga appn x k z o b bpp x 9 za bppp x 9 OE b ES bppppi x y or Fa bppn x k 40 z cppt x 9 9 2 cppp x 9 9104 cpppp x y or Bak cppn x k O z vpp x 82 9 2 vppp x 9 Jedy vpppp x y or Bak vppn x k O an npp x 9 9 2 nppp x 9 dxdy nppppi x y or Bak nppn x k O dx spp x a da sppp x a2 EN spppp x y or Bak sppn x k For the Of 0x like partial differentiations in brackets I have 41 Definiti
35. partial 2 1 partial 2 72 right Vert newcommand nPPpp 3 left Vert frac partial 2 1 partial 2 Apartial 3 right Vert newcommand nPpn 3 left Vert frac partial 3 1 partial 27 3 right Vert newcommand sPp 2 sqrt frac partial 1 partial 2 y gt newcommand sPPp 2 sqrt frac partial72 1 partial 2 72 po newcommand sPPpp 3 sqrt frac partial7 2 1 partial 2 partial 3 po newcommand sPpn 3 sqrt frac partial7 3 1 partial 27 3 3 Examples 42 COS oN o o S el Die RIS ST HS So v N V SS Sees NaPp f Hx aPPp f x aPPpp f x y aPpn f x k Aren bPp f x y Hx Ox 0 f x y bPPp f x y Hx Ox ew NbPPpp f x y Hx y OxOy f x y bPpn f x y Hx k Oxk EZ cPp f x y x Ox f x y cPPp f x y x Ox ae NcPPpp f x y Hx y OxOy OF f x y cPpn f x y HxHk Oxk of vPp t x Ox of vPPp f x Ox of vPPpp f x y OxOy ore vPpn f HixH k Ox 43 or nPp f x 2 a nPPp f x f ady nPPpp f H x y orf Izk nPpn f x k M sPp f x 2 od sPPp f x 2 sPPpp f i x y k au sPpn f x k 2 7 3 Enlarging brackets involving a partial differentiation For sure I defined the following newcommands to enlarge the 0 0z like parti
36. xx Oxk of NPp t x Ox of NPPp f x Ox 2 ai NPPpp f Hz Hy OxOy k oM NPpn f x k Oz 48 2 7 4 Simple types of the partial differentiations For simple types of the partial differentiations such like 3z f I have also defined some newcommands as following Definitions newcommand ap 1 left partial 1 right newcommand apu 2 left partial 2 81 right gt newcommand apd 2 left partial_ 2 1 right newcommand bp 1 left partial 1 right newcommand bpu 2 left Npartial H2 1 right gt newcommand bpd 2 left partial_ 2 1 right newcommand cp 1 left partial 1 right newcommand cpu 2 left Npartial 2 81 right newcommand cpd 2 left f partial_ 2 1 right 3 newcommand vp 1 left partial 1 right newcommand vpu 2 left partial 2 1 right newcommand vpd 2 left partial_ 2 1 right newcommand np 1 left Vert partial 1 right Vert newcommand npu 2 left Vert partial 2 1 right Vert newcommand npd 2 left Vert partial_ 2 1 right Vert newcommand Sp 1 sqrt partial 1 Y p newcommand spu 2 sqrt Y Npartial H2 1 bob newcommand spd 2 sqrt partial_ 2 1 bob 6 49 where the u and d stand for up and down mean su
37. 0 86 0 08 0 24 HDC143C definecolor chocolate rgb 0 82 0 41 0 12 7 HD2691E definecolor firebrick rgb 0 7 0 13 0 13 HB22222 def inecolor brown rgb 0 65 0 16 0 16 A52A2A Examples brilliantred Po brilliantred darkred MU ferred 114 darkorange A darkorange orangered O orangered salmon E salmon coral Sq coral tomato O tomato palerose pink hotpink A hotpink deeppink PA deeppink crimson Ls crimson chocolate B i chocolate firebrick A tronos brown CEA brown 7 1 2 Green series I defined the following 13 colors for green series Definitions definecolor green rgb 0 05 0 7 008000 definecolor darkgreen rgb 0 0 39 0 006400 definecolor lime rgb 0 atl O 7 00FFOO definecolor limegreen rgb 0 2 0 8 0 2 h 32CD32 definecolor forestgreen rgb 0 13 0 55 0 13 y 228B22 115 definecolor lightgreen rgb 0 56 0 93 0 56 h 90EE90 definecolor springgreen rgb O 1 0 5 00FF7F definecolor palelimegreen rgb 0 92 0 98 0 74 EBFABD definecolor greenyellow rgb 0 68 1 0 18 h ADFF2F definecolor lawngreen rgb 0 49 0 99 0 7CFCOO definecolor brilliantspringbud f rgb 0 57 0 92 0 04 92EBOA definecolor yellowgreen rgb 0 6 0 8 0 2 h 9ACD32 definecolorfolive rgb 0 5 0 5 0 J 808000 Note that I d
38. 27 3 Bigg 1 newcommand CPp 2 Bigg Mfrac lpartial 1 partial 2 Bigg newcommand CPPp 2 Bigg Mfrac Npartial 2 1 partial 2 2 Bigg newcommand CPPpp 3 Bigg frac partial72 1 partial 2 partial 3 Bigg newcommand CPpn 3 Bigg frac partial 3 1 partial 27 3 Bigg newcommand VPp 2 Bigg frac partial 1 partial 2 Bigg newcommand VPPp 2 Bigg Mrac lpartial 2 1 H partial 2 72 Bigg newcommand VPPpp 3 Bigg Mrac lpartial 2 1 H partial 2 partial 3 Bigg newcommand VPpn 3 Bigg MMfrac Apartial t3 1 partial 2 3 Bigg newcommand NPp 2 Bigg Vert frac partial 1 partial 2 Bigg Vert newcommand NPPp 2 MBiggWertXfraciWpartial 2 1 partial 2 72 Bigg Vert newcommand NPPpp 3 Bigg Wert frac partial 2 1 partial 2 Apartial 3 Bigg Vert newcommand NPpn 3 Bigg Vert frac partial 3 1 partial 27 3 Bigg Vert Examples O 32 APpt f x Ox 82 an APPp f x Ox of APPpp f i x y OxOy ok APpn f x k 47 BPp f x y x BPPp f x y x BPPpp f x y x y BPpn f x y x k CPp f x y x CPPp f x y x CPPpp f x y x y CPpn f x y x k of VPp f x Ox of VPPp f Hx Ox 2 PS WPPpp Hx 1y Oz y k OF WPpn
39. 4 mvpbox 4 2 5 6 newcommand YoungveX 7 Young 1 5 2 mvpbox 1 2 2 mvpbox 2 2 3 mvpbox 3 2 4 mvpbox 4 2 5 mvpbox 5 2 6 7 newcommand YoungvfX 8 Young 1 6 2 mvpbox 1 2 2 mvpbox 2 2 3 mvpbox 3 2 4 mvpbox 4 2 5 mvpbox 5 2 6 mvpbox 6 2 7 8 newcommand YoungvgX 9 Young 1 7 2 mvpbox 1 2 2 mvpbox 2 2 3 mvpbox 3 2 4 mvpbox 4 2 5 mvpbox 5 2 6 mvpbox 6 2 7 mvpbox 7 2 8 9 newcommand mvpbox 3 multiput 1 2 0 1 3 usebox Youngbox Here the argument 1 for commands YoungvaX YoungvbX NYoungvgX is the width not the height of Cr the place where you put your boxes and have to be given with its unit the v means that the general form of these boxes is vertical Note here that for the Young Tableaux having a square form namely nz ny e g the last two examples above you can use either the YounghxX family or the YoungvxX family Then the last three examples above can be rewritten as Examples YoungvbX 2 cm 3 1 Younglabel 2 3 x 90 XYoungvbX12 cm 2 2 f Younglabel 2 2 c Younglabel 1 1 a Younglabel 2 1 b YoungvcX 2 5cm 3 2 1 Younglabel 3 3 c Younglabel 2 2 b
40. 5 left begin array c c o gt amp 1 WN 17 amp 70 end array right newcommand Pauliy renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 left begin array c c 0 i i amp O end array right 75 newcommand Pauliz renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 Meft begin array c c 1 amp OM 0 1 end array right Note that I use Paulix Pauliy and Pauliz for these three Pauli matrices although the physicists use usually oz cy and o to denote them 3 3 Dirac y matrices The system of the Dirac y matrices is a little complicate First the y to y s 0 Ox gammaa o 0 L 0 a yz id gammab 0y 0 0 Oz p gammac o 0 have been defined as Definitions newcommand gammaa renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 left begin array c c 0 amp sigma_x sigma_x amp 0 end array right newcommand gammab renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 left begin farray c c 0 amp sigma_y sigma_y amp 0 end array right 76 newcommand gammac renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 Meft begin array c c 0 amp sigma_z sigma_z amp 0 end array Xright where I used as usual a b and c to indicate 1 2 and 3 Note that I used here gammaa gammab and so on for these Dirac gamma matrices not Diraca Diracb etc
41. H3 1 d 2 3 gt Fob Examples ue cDa f x Hx dx 2 ET cDDd x Hx dx EE ee cDDdd f x y x y cDdn f x y x k 32 df vDd f x dx d f En vDDd f x af vDDdd f x y dxdy k dd vDan t x kt dark df nDd f Hz dx def T nDDd f x f ANI nDDdd f x y dxdy k af nDdn f x k dark of sDa x dx d f i sDDd f x d2 f sDDdd f x y dxdy k af sDdn f x k da 2 6 3 Similar to the definitions like Afrac you can use the following newcommands to enlarge the brackets or square A B C V N system for the ordinary differentiations roots For the d dx like differentiations corresponding to add vdddd and so on I have Definitions newcommand Add 11 Bigg frac d Ha 1 HBigg newcommand Addd 1 Bigg frac d 2 Hd 172 Bigg newcommand Adddd 2 Bigg frac d 2 Hd 1 d 2 Bigg newcommand Addn 21 Bigg frac d 2 d 1 2 HBigg gt 33 newcommand Bdd 11 Bigg frac d Ha 1 Bigg newcommand Bddd 1 Bigg frac d 2 Hd 172 Bigg newcommand Bdddd 21 Bigg frac d 2 d 1 d 2 Bigg newcommand Bddn 21 Bigg frac d 2 d 1 2 HBigg newcommand Cdd 1 Bigg fracf d Had 1 MNBiggU newcommand
42. New Fonts In my clshan font package I defined all newfonts which can be used in IATRX Section set of newcommands in order to use some special symbols defined only in these fonts Section 8 1 Definitions of the newfonts 8 1 1 Computer modern fonts upright and inclined fonts 8 1 I also defined a 8 2 I defined the following 5 newfonts but usually we only need the computer modern upright italics font the other 4 fonts are just the usual roman italics slanted and small caps fonts rm Nit sl and sc in ATEX Computer modern roman newfont cmrmx cmr10 newfont cmrmxi cmri0 scaled magstephalf newfont cmrmxii cmr12 Computer modern italics newfont cmitx cmti10 newfont cmitxi cmti10 scaled magstephalf newfont cmitxii cmti12 Computer modern upright italics newfont cmupitx cmu10 newfont cmupitxi cmu10 scaled magstephalf newfont cmupitxii cmu10 scaled magstep1 Computer modern slanted roman newfont cmslrmx newfont cmslrmxi newfont cmslrmxii cms110 cms110 scaled magstephalf cms112 129 Computer modern caps and small caps newf ont cmscx cmcsc10 newfont cmscxi cmcsc10 scaled magstephalf newfont cmscxii cmcsc10 scaled magstep1 Here cm stands for computer modern rm it sl and sc stand for roman
43. Younglabel 1 1 a Similar to the Younghx family if you don t want to label any box you can use the following newcommands Definitions newcommand Youngva 2 YoungvaX 1 2 newcommand Youngvb 3 YoungvaX 1 2 3 newcommand Youngvc 4 YoungvaX 1 2 3 4 newcommand Youngvd 5 YoungvaX 1 2 3 4 5 newcommand Youngve 6 YoungvaX 1 2 3 4 5 6 newcommand Youngvf 7 YoungvaX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 newcommand Youngvg 8 YoungvaX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Examples Youngvb 5cm 3 3 Youngvb 5cm 4 2 Youngvc 5cm 6 1 1 91 92 Chapter 5 Tables All of the newcommands introduced in this section have not been defined in my packages Because there could be many actually too many variations of the commands with tiny differences Hence I personally prefer to define some of them in the preamble of a new created file when I really need them and perhaps rewrite the definitions for more suitable functions 5 1 Nmulticolumn command Definitions newcommand bc 1 multicolumn 2 c 1 newcommand bc1l 1 multicolumn 2 c M1 newcommand bcr 1 multicolumn 2 c 1 newcommand b1 1 multicolumn 2 1 1 newcommand b11 1 multicolumn 2 1 4 1 n
44. amssyasyma 108 7154 6C a Namssyasyma 109 7155 6D a amssyasyma 95 7137 5F T amssyasyma 112 7160 4 70 7 amssyasyma 113 7161 71 L amssyasyma 120 7170 78 E amssyasyma 121 7171 79 3 amssyasyma 65 7101 41 E amssyasyma 64 7100 40 2 amssyasyma 107 7153 6B amssyasyma 106 7152 6A gt amssyasyma 99 7143 637 E amssyasyma 98 142 62 U amssyasyma 100 7144 64 M amssyasyma 101 7145 65 157 amssyasyma 3 10 A amssyasyma 9 11 B amssyasyma 96 7140 60 amssyasyma 97 7141 61 amssyasyma 118 7166 76 amssyasyma 104 7150 68 amssyasyma 105 7151 69 amssyasyma 5 57 5 amssyasyma 42 52 2A amssyasyma 41 51 297 amssyasyma 13 15 D amssyasyma 14 16 E amssyasyma 15 17 F amssyasyma 92 7134 5C amssyasyma 93 7135 5D amssyasyma 94 7136 5E amssyasyma 114 7162 72 amssyasyma 115 7163 73 amssyasyma 123 7173 7B amssyasyma 124 7174 7C Namssyasyma 85 0125 55 amssyasyma 70 7106 46 amssyasyma 122 7172 7A 158 2 So amssyasyma 40 amssyasyma 71 Namssyasyma 88 amssyasyma 116 amssyasyma 117 507 11077 130 1164 165 28 47 58 74 75 8 2 10 AMS mathematical symb
45. an pp x 9 9 2 ppp x 9 oy ppppix ty ok Bak ppntx k l Pp f x Ox or PPp f x Ox P S a f I PPpp f x H y orf Oxk Ppn f x k 2 7 2 Partial differentiations in brackets Also for the 0 0x like partial differentiations in brackets and so on I have Definitions newcommand app 1 left frac partial partial 1 right newcommand appp 1 left frac partial 2 Hipartial 172 right newcommand apppp 2 left frac partial 2 Hipartial 1 partial 2 right newcommand appn 2 left frac partial 2 partial 17 2 right newcommand bpp 1 left frac partial partial 1 right 1 newcommand bppp 1 left frac partial72 partial 172 right newcommand bpppp 2 left frac partial 2 Hipartial 1 partial 2 right newcommand bppn 2 left frac partial 2 partial 17 2 right newcommand cpp 1 left frac partial partial 1 right newcommand cppp 1 left frac partial 2 Hipartial 172 right newcommand cpppp 2 left frac partial 2 Hipartial 1 partial 2 right newcommand cppn 2 left frac partial 2 partial H17 82 right 39 newcommand vpp 1 left frac partial partial 1 Hright newcommand vppp 1 left frac partial 2 partial 172 Hright newcommand vpppp 2 left
46. as in the Nit font 146 Examples ff cmbfsyma 11 13 B fi cmbfsyma 12 014 C fl cmbfsyma 13 15 D ffi cmbfsyma 14 716 E ffl cmbfsyma 15 717 F 1 cmbfslrmsyma 16 420 10 J cmbfslrmsyma 17 21 11 cmbfslrmsyma 38 746 26 cmbfslrmsyma 64 7100 40 cmbfitsyma 36 144 24 cmbfitsyma 38 1 46 26 8 2 5 Computer modern fonts typewriter series For all newfonts defined in Section 8 1 3 I defined the following newcommands in order to use their special symbols more convenient Computer modern typewriter newcommand cmttsyma 1 mbox cmttx symbol 1 newcommand cmttsymb 1 mbox cmttxi symbol 1 newcommand cmttsymc 1 mbox cmttxii symbol 1 Computer modern italic typewriter newcommand cmitttsyma 1 mbox cmitttx symbol 1 newcommand cmitttsymb 1 mbox cmitttxi symbol 1 newcommand cmitttsymc 1 mbox cmitttxii symbol 1 Computer modern slanted typewriter newcommand cmslttsyma 1 mbox cmslttx symbol 1 newcommand cmslttsymb 1 mbox cmslttxi symbol 1 newcommand cmslttsymc 1 mbox cmsl1ttxii symbol 1 147 Computer modern caps and small caps typewriter newcommand cmscttsyma 1 newcommand cmscttsymb 1 newcommand cmscttsymc 1 mbox cmscttx symbol 1
47. beq beginfeqnarray newcommand eeq end eqnarray newcommand beqn beginfeqnarray newcommand eeqn end eqnarray Actually you can use the following commands to reduce each pair commands for one environment to just one Definitions newcommand eqin 1 beginfequation 1 end equation newcommand eqnin 1 beginfeqnarray 1 end eqnarray newcommand eqNin 1 beginfeqnarray 1 end eqnarray Moreover if you label your equations very often then the following commands seem very convenient for you Definitions newcommand eqlabel 2 beginfequation 1 labelfeqn 2 endfequation newcommand eqnlabel1 21 beginfeqnarray 1 labelfeqn 2 end eqnarray Example eqnlabel then sin x sum_ k 0 infty frac 1 7 k V x 2k 1 2k 1 non amp approx amp x frac x 3 6 203 1 6 Suggestions for the figure and table environments Similar to my Suggestions for the equation and eqnarray environments you can use Definitions newcommand bfig begin figure newcommand efig end figure newcommand bfigs begin figurex newcommand efigs end figure for the figure and figure environments and Definitions newcommand btab begin table newcommand etab end table newcommand btabs begin table newcommand etabs end table
48. def reeqnX def Finally sometimes we label an equation and use it later r g i tee 4 sin g 2 6 107 4al or sometimes we change this equation a little bit q hae ing x 1 4 sin x 6 120 4a Hence I defined the following three Nnewcommands Definitions newcommand cheqnref 1 renewcommand theequation ref 1 newcommand cheqnrefp 1 1 renewcommand theequation ref 1 newcommand cheqnrefdp 1 renewcommand theequation ref 1 where the ref stands for the IATEX command ref p stands for prime and dp stands for double prime For the second equation above I can use the following two commands Examples cheqnrefp 04a cheqnN 1 Note that I used cheqnN above in order to correct the counter of the equation number 1 5 Suggestions for the eguation and egnarray environments In this and the next section I will suggest you some convenient definitions of newcommands but please note that they are not defined in my clshan math package If you need them pretty often you can certainly add them into my file or your own newcommands file First some people prefer to use shorter commands for the eguation egnarray and egnarray environment Definitions newcommand be beginfequation newcommand ee end equation newcommand
49. mbox cmscttxi symbol 1 mbox cmscttxii symbol 1 Computer modern variable typewriter newcommand cmvttsyma 1 newcommand cmvttsymb 1 newcommand cmvttsymc 1 mbox cmvttx symbol 1 mbox cmvttxi symbol 1 mbox cmvttxii symbol 1 Computer modern typewriter extension newcommand cmttexsyma 1 newcommand cmttexsymb 1 newcommand cmttexsymc 1 mbox cmttexx symbol 1 mbox cmttexxi symbol 1 mbox cmttexxii symbol 1 Please note here that first you can use all character numbers of the useful symbols listed in Section 8 2 1 for the cmttsym cmitttsym except the cmvttsym Acmslttsym Acmscttsym and cmvttsym commands having no exception the other cmttsym cmitttsym cmslttsym and cmscttsym commands have the 11 exceptions given in Section for the cmitttsym commands there are also the 2 exceptions given in Section 8 2 2 8 2 2 commands Second for the ttsym command Third Examples t cmscttsyma 11 13 B y cmscttsyma 12 14 C cmscttsyma 13 15 D i cmscttsyma 14 16 E i cmscttsyma 15 17 F cmslttsyma 123 7173 7B cmslttsyma 125 7175 7D S cmitttsyma 32 40 20 _ cmitttsyma 95 0137 5F cmitttsyma 92 1134 5C I cmitttsyma 124
50. must be given in unit of cm but without the unit space width between two neighbor images common column width name of the left image name of the middle image name of the right image Three images have different widths Definition 105 newcommand imageTin 7 vspace 0 3cm begin columnsonlytextwidth columnright 2 pgfuseimage 5 columncenter 1 7 hspace 0 6cm columncenter 3 pgfuseimage 6 columncenter 1 7 hspace 0 6cm columnleft 4 pgfuseimage 7 end columnsonlytextwidth vspace 0O 1cm Arguments 1 space width between two neighbor images 2 width of the left column 3 width of the middle column 4 width of the right column 5 name of the left image 6 name of the middle image 7 name of the right image 1 x 2 2 3 4 text width default 10 8 cm my personal 11 8 cm Lengths must be given in unit of cm but without the unit Examples imagetin 0 6 3 2 Coma Hydra Perseus imageTin 0 3 3 3 4 2 Coma Hydra Perseus 6 6 Inserting pictures with the includegraphics command In order to complete my whole system of inserting pictures on a slide I defined also newcommands using the includegraphics command Actually I just changed the command pgfuseimage to includegraphics The whole structure of the two columns and three columns in fact three and five systems are perf
51. n cmfurmsyma 12 714 C fl cmfurmsyma 13 715 DI m cmfurmsyma 14 16 E m cmfurmsyma 15 17 F y cmfuitsyma 11 13 B f cmfuitsyma 12 714 C i cmfuitsyma 13 715 D m cmfuitsyma 14 16 E m cmfuitsyma 15 17 F ff Mcmdunsyma 11 13 BF fi cmdunsyma 12 2144 C f cmdunsyma 13 15 DF fh cmdunsyma 14 216 EN ffl cmdunsyma 15 17 F cmfuitsyma 36 744 24 ES cmfuitsyma 38 746 26 8 2 8 Computer modern fonts mathematical symbols For all newfonts defined in Section 8 1 6 I defined the following newcommands in order to use their special symbols more convenient Computer modern mathematical italics newcommand cmmathitsyma 1 mbox cmmathitx symbol 1 newcommand cmmathitsymb 1 mbox cmmathitxi symbol 1 newcommand cmmathitsymc 1 mbox cmmathitxii symbol 1 Computer modern mathematical bold newcommand cmmathbfsyma 1 mbox cmmathbfx symbol 1 newcommand cmmathbfsymb 1 mbox cmmathbfxi symbol 1 newcommand cmmathbfsymc 1 mbox cmmathbfxii symbol 1 152 Computer modern symbols newcommand cmsysyma newcommand cmsysymb newcommand cmsysymc 1 1 1 mbox cmsyx symbol 1 mbox cmsyxi symbol 1 mbox cmsyxii symbol 1 Computer modern bold symbols newcommand cmbfsysyma
52. propto amp hspace 2 25ex renewcommand conti 1 hspace 2 25ex amp hspace 2 25ex renewcommand eqnBinary 1 amp hspace 2 25ex 1 amp hspace 2 25ex 6 3 column environment I have to use the columnsonlytextwidth environment to put two or three pictures on the same row for my talks It seems to be convenient to define some newcommands for the column environment with center flushleft or flushright environment first Definitions newcommand columncenter 2 1 begin column 1 cm begin center 2 end center end column newcommand columnleft 2 begin column 1 cm begin flushleft 2 end flushleft end column 99 newcommand columnright 2 begin column 1 cm begin flushright 2 end flushright end column In the next sections you will find some examples of these three commands I will use them directly in order to reduce my definitions of the other newcommands Usually I defined the newcommands with only the original TEX commands then I m sure that I and anybody else can just copy some of them to the preamble of a new document without including the whole clshan math package But for the commands defined in the next sections it is in fact better to use some of my defined commands directly 6 4 Frames for inserting pictures There are two reasons to let me use a frame instead of a picture when I prepare my talk First my no
53. red brilliantred brilliantred brilliantred darkred darkred darkred orange orange orange darkorange darkorange darkorange orangered orangered orangered salmon salmon salmon coral coral coral tomato tomato tomato palerose palerose pink pink hotpink hotpink hotpink deeppink deeppink deeppink crimson crimson crimson chocolate chocolate chocolate firebrick firebrick firebrick brown brown brown 122 7 2 2 Green series Definitions newcommand green newcommand darkgreen textcolor green textcolor darkgreen newcommand lime newcommand limegreen newcommand forestgreen textcolor lime textcolor limegreen textcolor forestgreen newcommand lightgreen newcommand springgreen textcolor lightgreen textcolor springgreen newcommand palelimegreen newcommand greenyellow newcommand lawngreen textcolor palelimegreen textcolor greenyellow textcolor lawngreen newcommand brilliantspringbud newcommand yellowgreen textcolor brilliantspringbud textcolor yellowgreen newcommand olive textcolorfolive Examples green green green darkgreen darkgreen darkgreen lime lime lime limegreen limegreen limegreen forestgreen forestgreen forestgreen lightgreen lightgreen lightgreen springgreen springgreen
54. springgreen palelimegreen palelimegreen greenyellow greenyellow greenyellow lawngreen lawngreen lawngreen 123 brilliantspringbud yellowgreen brilliantspringbud brilliantspringbud yellowgreen yellowgreen olive olive olive 7 2 3 Blue series Definitions newcommand blue newcommand darkblue textcolor blue textcolor darkblue newcommand cyan newcommand darkcyan textcolor cyan textcolor darkcyan newcommand lightgrayishcyan newcommand lightgreyishcyan newcommand paleturquoise newcommand lightblue newcommand skyblue textcolor lightgrayishcyan textcolor lightgreyishcyan textcolor paleturquoise textcolor lightblue textcolor skyblue newcommand deepskyblue newcommand dodgerblue newcommand royalblue newcommand slateblue textcolor deepskyblue textcolor dodgerblue textcolor royalblue textcolor slateblue Examples blue blue blue darkblue darkblue darkblue cyan cyan cyan darkcyan darkcyan darkcyan 124 lightgrayishcyan lightgrayishcyan lightgrayishcyan lightgreyishcyan paleturquoise paleturquoise lightblue lightblue skyblu skyblue skyblue deepskyblue dodgerblue deepskyblue deepskyblue dodgerblue dodgerblue royalblue royalblue royalblue slateblue slateblue
55. 0 7170 787 Cy amssybsyma 121 7171 79 d amssybsyma 96 11404 60 D amssybsyma 97 1141 61 F amssybsyma 122 7172 7A k amssybsyma 124 7174 7C h amssybsyma 125 7175 7D 2 Namssybsyma 127b 177 7F amssybsyma 105 7151 69 amssybsyma 106 7152 6A 7 amssybsyma 107 7153 6B pi amssybsyma 64 7100 40 U amssybsyma 102 7146 66 O amssybsyma 103 7147 677 162 amssybsyma 62 76 3E o amssybsyma 63 77 3F x amssybsyma 123 7173 7B amssybsyma 91 7133 5B amssybsyma 92 7134 5C amssybsyma 93 7135 5D amssybsyma 94 7136 5E 8 2 11 AMS Euler fonts For all newfonts defined in Section 8 1 8 I defined the following newcommands in order to use their special symbols more convenient AMS Euler roman newcommand eurmsyma 1 mbox eurmx symbol 1 newcommand eurmsymb 1 mbox eurmxi symbol 1 newcommand eurmsymc 1 mbox eurmxii symbol 1 AMS Euler bold roman newcommand eubfrmsyma 1 mbox eubfrmx symbol 1 newcommand eubfrmsymb 1 mbox eubfrmxi symbol 1 newcommand eubfrmsymc 1 mbox eubfrmxii symbol 1 AMS Euler fraktur newcommand eufrsyma 1 mbox eufrx symbol 1 newcommand eufrsymb 1 mbox eufrxi symbol 1 newcommand eufrsymc 1 mbox eufrxii symbol
56. 0 s symbo1l 92 134 5C Note here that first there are three different systems for the character numbers decimal octal and hexadecimal notations In order to be a good reference I give you here and later the character numbers in all three notations Second although you can just use Gamma or boldmath Lambda instead of symbo1 0 or bf symbo1 3 to type I or A you can not type the greek capital letters in other fonts the other basic fonts designed in ATEX or the newfonts defined in Section 8 1 at least it is not easy Therefore I decided to give you also the character numbers of these greek capital letters above Examples T rm symbol 0 r bf symbo1 0 T it symbol 0 T Nsl symbol 0 T tt symbol 0 Tr sf symbo1 0 1 rm symbol 16 1 bf Asymbol 16 a Vit symbol 16 1 sl symbo1 16 1 tt symbol 16 l sf symbol 16 rm symbo1 64 bf symbo1 64 Vit symbo1 64 sl symbo1 64 tt Asymbol 64 sf symbo1 64 143 8 2 2 Some exceptions in the typewriter italics and small caps fonts In principal you can use all character numbers given in Section 8 2 1 in all basic designed fonts in IATEX namely rm bf Nit sl tt and sf and get the symbols given as examples there but there are 11 exceptions in the typewriter font Because most of them are pretty useful and in order to use them more convenien
57. 1 8 cm Lengths must be given in unit of cm but without the unit 107 Examples espdin 0 8 5 0 3 DAMA 4yrs DAMA 7yrs epsDin 0 8 6 4 0 3 DAMA 4yrs 0 35 DAMA 7yrs Three eps images have the same width Definition newcommand epstin 6 vspace 0 3cm begin columnsonlytextwidth columnright 2 includegraphics scale 3 4 eps columncenter 1 7 hspace 0 6cm columncenter 2 includegraphics scale 3 5 eps columncenter 1 7 hspace 0 6cm columnleft 2 includegraphics scale 3 6 eps end columnsonlytextwidth vspace 0O 1cm Arguments 1 space width between two neighbor eps images 2 common column width 3 common scale for three eps images 4 name of the left eps image 5 name of the middle eps image 6 name of the right eps image 1 x 2 2 x 3 text width default 10 8 cm my personal 11 8 cm Lengths must be given in unit of cm but without the unit Three eps images have different widths Definition newcommand epsTin 7 vspace 0 3cm begin columnsonlytextwidth columnright 2 includegraphics 5 columncenter 1 7 hspace 0 6cm columncenter 3 includegraphics 6 columncenter 1 7 hspace 0 6cm columnleft 4 includegraphics 7 end columnsonlytextwidth vspace 0O 1cm 108 Arguments 1 space width between two neighbor eps im
58. 10 scaled magstep1 Washington cyrillic bold newfont wcbfx wncyb10 newfont wcbfxi wncyb10 scaled magstephalf newfont wcbfxii wncyb10 scaled magstep1 Washington cyrillic italics newfont wcitx wncyi10 newfont wcitxi wncyi10 scaled magstephalf newfont wcitxii wncyi10 scaled magstep1 Washington cyrillic sans serif newfont wcsfx wncyss10 newfont wcsfxi wncyss10 scaled magstephalf newfont wcsfxii wncyss10 scaled magstep1 140 Washington cyrillic caps and small caps newfont wcscx wncysc10 newfont wcescxi wncysc10 scaled magstephalf newfont wcescxii wncysc10 scaled magstep1i Here wncy stands for Washington cyrillic Examples Washington cyrillic roman 5 6 7 8 9 10 Nwcrmx ABHIAHEOTXMJKJMHONHGHPCTYBIUIIDbS3 ao6nanepbprxHjKIMHOHUDCTYyBIIHD3 Washington cyrillic bold 5 6 7 8 9 10 Nwcbfx ABILAE TXUIKIMHOTUPCTYBIUIMBS a6naqeprxnjkImHonupcT y Bm a 5 3 Washington cyrillic italics 5 6 7 8 9 10 NMwcitx ABHAEGTXHJEHMHOHUuUPCTUVBIHIIDCOS a6u0e6ezuujxaAunonupcmyewwuwa Washington cyrillic sans serif 8 9 10 wesfx ABUAEOTXMJKJHMHOITHPCTYBIULUbS a6uUAeprxnjknmHonupcTy Buu bl 3 WASHINGTON CYRILLIC SMALL CAPS 10 Nwcscx ABHAEOTXMJEJMHOHUuPCTYBHINDbS3 ABIAE 2TXHJKJMHOHUPCTYBIIIID3 Note that in the Washington cyrillic fonts t
59. 2 Furthermore for cases in which we need brackets absolute values or norms with just one side you just have to add an I denoting left to the above newcommands Definitions newcommand abig1 1 big 1 big newcommand bbig1 1 big 1 big newcommand cbig1 1 big 1 big newcommand vbig1 1 big 1 big newcommand nbigl 1 big Wert 1 big newcommand aBig1 1 Big 1 Big newcommand bBig1 1 Big 1 Big newcommand cBigl 1 ABig 1 Big newcommand vBig1 1 Big 1 Big newcommand nBigl 1 Big Vert 1 Big newcommand abigg1 1 bigg 1 bigg newcommand bbigg1 1 bigg 1 bigg newcommand cbigg1 1 bigg 1 bigg newcommand vbigg1 11 amp Abigg 1 bigg Nnewcommand Anbiggl 1 bigg Vert 1 bigg 20 newcommand aBigg 1 Bigg 1 Bigg newcommand bBigg1 1 Bigg 1 Bigg newcommand cBigg1 1 Bigg 1 Bigg newcommand vBigg1 11 Bigg 1 Bigg newcommand nBiggl 1 ABiggWert 1 Bigg Cy and for the right side cases you can replace the I by a r denoting right to the above newcommands Definitions newcommand abigr 1 big 1 big newcommand bbigr 1 big 1 big gt newcommand cbigr 1 big fi big gt newcommand vbigr 1 b
60. 6 56 amssyasyma 24 130 187 amssyasyma 22 126 167 amssyasyma 25 31 197 Namssyasyma 23 27 177 q amssyasyma 30 136 1E P amssyasyma 31 37 1F T amssyasyma 20 24 14 amssyasyma 21 125 157 155 lt amssyasyma 54 1766 367 gt amssyasyma 62 076 3E Z amssyasyma 48 60 30 gt amssyasyma 49 61 31 Ss amssyasyma 55 67 377 2 amssyasyma 63 077 3F lt amssyasyma 53 1765 357 gt amssyasyma 61 75 3D lt amssyasyma 46 1756 2E gt amssyasyma 38 146 267 S amssyasyma 47 157 2F zZ amssyasyma 39 47 27 amssyasyma 31 7121 51 Z amssyasyma 82 122 52 Namssyasyma 83 123 53 Namssyasyma 84 7124 54 lt K amssyasyma 110 7156 6E gt Namssyasyma 111 7157 6F x amssyasyma 52 64 34 gt amssyasyma 60 74 3C lt x amssyasyma 50 62 32 amssyasyma 51 163 337 3 amssyasyma 45 55 2D Z amssyasyma 37 45 25 156 A amssyasyma 102 7146 66 Y amssyasyma 103 7147 67 A amssyasyma 90 7132 5A Y amssyasyma 89 7131 59 A amssyasyma 91 7133 5B amssyasyma 43 153 2B amssyasyma 59 073 3B amssyasyma 58 072 3A 2 amssyasyma 44 54 2C amssyasyma 36 44 24 amssyasyma 80 120 50
61. 7 AMS mathematical symbols 00 0 ee 8 1 8 AMS Euler fonts 8 1 9 Washington cyrillic fonts 2 ee 8 2 Useful symbols in the newfonts FFF I GG I I Yg 8 2 1 symbol command in ATEX FF I GI I I I I GG I I Y 8 2 2 Some exceptions in the typewriter italics and small caps fonts 8 2 3 Computer modern fonts upright and inclined fonts iach Ge te AEM Sieh Boden aa de R 8 2 4 Computer modern fonts bold fonts e e 8 2 5 Computer modern fonts typewriter series FF I ug 8 2 6 Computer modern fonts sans serif series e ee 8 2 7 Computer modern fonts some funny fonts FF I YG 8 2 8 Computer modern fonts mathematical symbols uu 8 2 9 AMS mathematical symbols A FF GG I I ee 8 2 10 AMS mathematical symbols B FFF FFR ee 85 85 87 87 89 93 93 94 9 Miscellaneous 8 2 11 AMS Euler fonts 8 2 12 Washington cyrillic fonts 9 1 newcommands used in this User s Guide 9 2 Nignore and switch 111 lv Preface I wrote this User s Guide to help you to understand my newcommands system in the clshan math Chapters 1 and 2 the clshan matrix Chapter 3 the clshan YoungTableaux Chapter 4 the clshan beame
62. 89 0 82 FDE4D0 definecolor peachpuff rgb 1 0 85 0 73 FFDAB9 Examples cornsilk navajowhite wheat lightbrownishgray lightbrownishgrey peachpuff 7 2 newcommands for the command textcolor with different colors Mostly we just need some different colors for the text on our transparencies or our slides in order to let our audience understand the context better For the people so lazy like me it seems to be a nice idea to define some newcommands for the long command textcolor color name 7 2 1 Red series Definitions newcommand red textcolor red newcommand brilliantred textcolor darkred newcommand darkred textcolor darkred newcommand orange textcolor forange newcommand darkorange textcolor darkorange newcommand orangered textcolor forangered newcommand salmon textcolor salmon newcommand coral textcolor coral newcommand tomato textcolor tomato 121 newcommand palerose newcommand pink newcommand hotpink newcommand deeppink newcommand crimson textcolor palerose textcolor pink textcolorfhotpink textcolor deeppink textcolor crimson newcommand chocolate newcommand firebrick newcommand brown textcolor chocolate textcolor firebrick textcolor brown Examples red red
63. 9 23 13 Nwcrmsyma 27 133 1B S Nwcrmsyma 22 126 16 s wcrmsyma 30 136 1E Ne Nwcrmsyma 125 7175 7D 166 Chapter 9 Miscellaneous In this section I will give you some newcommands which I defined for some special aims e g for this User s Guide Due to their non generality I didn t put them in my packages But I think the ideas are also interesting and very useful Hence I decided to put them here 9 1 newcommands used in this User s Guide I used some special newcommands for this User s Guide I will give you all of my definitions and I think it is not difficult for you to find the corresponding examples all of them Definitions newcommand tabt 3 begin flushleft vspace 0 3cm bf 1 vspace 0 3cm renewcommand arraystretch 2 begin tabular 3 hline newcommand tabb hline end tabular vspace 0 3cm end flushleft newcommand tabc 3 tabb vspace 1cm tabt 1 2 3 Here the t b and c stand for top bottom and connect Definitions newcommand deft tabt Definition 1 8 p 4 45cm p 0 5cm p 10 75cm newcommand defst tabt Definitions 1 8 p 4 45cm p 0 5cm p 10 75cm newcommand defsc tabc 7 1 8 p 4 45cm p 0 5cm p 10 75cm 167 newcommand defmat tabt Definition 1 3 p 4 5 cm p 0 5cm p 10 7 cm
64. Big 11 Big Vert 1 Big Vert where Big stands for the IATEX command Big Certainly I defined newcommands which correspond to the commands big bigg and Bigg at the same time Definitions newcommand abig 1 big 1 big 4 newcommand bbig 1 big L 1 big newcommand cbig 1 big t 1 big newcommand vbig 1 big 1 big newcommand nbig 1 big Vert 1 big Vert newcommand abigg 11 bigg 1 bigg 7 newcommand bbigg 11 bigg 1 bigg 1 newcommand cbigg 1 bigg 1 bigg newcommand vbigg 1 bigg 1 bigg newcommand nbigg 11 bigg Vert 1 bigg Vert newcommand aBigg 11 Bigg 1 Bigg 7 newcommand bBigg 1 Bigg 1 MBIiggl gt newcommand cBigg 1 Bigg 1 Bigg newcommand vBigg 1 Bigg 1 Bigg newcommand nBigg 11 Bigg Vert 1 Bigg Vert 18 Note here that I didn t define a newcommand such like ambigg or vmBigg for enlarging of brackets with arguments having a minus sign Examples a abig x a bbigtx x cbig x q vbig x nbig x 2 aBig x 2 NbBig x 2 22 cBig x 2 2 vBig x 2 nBig x 2 abigg x 2 cbigg x 2 2 fe Nbbigg x 2 wi vbigg x 2 nbigg x 2 19 aBigg x 2 cBigg x 2 2 bBigg x 2 vBigg x 2 nBigg x
65. Bigg Vert newcommand Npppp 2 Bigg Vert frac partial72 partial 1 partial 2 Bigg Vert newcommand Nppn 2 Bigg ert frac partial 2 partial 17 2 Bigg Vert Examples O A 2 App x 9 ga Appp x z o A Dandy Apppp x y or a Appn x k z O z B 3 Bpp x 9 ES Bppp x 9 O B Dandy Bpppp x y or Dar Bppn x k 45 a Cpp x 2 A Cppp x 9 Dandy Cpppp x y or Tn Cppn x k z a Vpp x o da Vppp x 8 Dandy Vppppi x y or rk Vppn x k Npp x o da Nppp x 9 9104 Nppppi x y or rk Nppn x k For enlarging of the Of 0x like partial differentiations I have Definitions newcommand APp 2 Bigg frac partial 1 partial 2 HBigg newcommand APPp 2 Bigg frac partial7 2 1 partial 8272 HBigg newcommand APPpp 3 Bigg frac partial72 1 partial 2 partial 3 Bigg newcommand APpn 3 Bigg frac partial7 3 1 partial 27 3 HBigg 46 newcommand BPp 2 Bigg frac partial 1 partial 2 Bigg l newcommand BPPp 2 Bigg frac partial72 1 partial 2 72 Bigg 1 newcommand BPPpp 3 Bigg frac partial72 1 partial 2 partial 3 Bigg gt newcommand BPpn 3 Bigg frac partial 3 1 partial
66. DC definecolor silver rgb 0 75 0 75 0 75 COCOCO definecolor gray rgb 0 5 0 5 0 5 808080 definecolor grey rgb 0 5 0 5 0 5 h 808080 definecolor dimgray rgb 0 41 0 41 0 41 h 696969 definecolor dimgrey rgb 0 41 0 41 0 41 h 696969 definecolor darkgray rgb 0 25 0 25 0 25 h 404040 definecolor darkgrey rgb 0 25 0 25 0 25 404040 119 definecolor black rgb 0 O 0 F 000000 Note that first in order to let you remember these color names more easily and use them more comfortable I defined both gray and grey here Second I used the name darkgray and darkgrey for the color rgb 0 25 0 25 0 25 instead of rgb 0 66 0 66 0 66 hexadecimal value A9A9AQ because the color rgb 0 66 0 66 0 66 is actually brighter than gray defined above Examples white gainsboro silver grey as dimgray Po dimgray 7 1 7 Non white backgrounds Finally in order to give you some choices for a light but non white background I defined the following 6 colors Definitions definecolor cornsilk rgb 1 0 97 0 86 7 HFFF8DC definecolor navajowhite rgb 1 0 87 0 68 7 FFDEAD definecolor wheat rgb 0 96 0 87 0 70 HF5DEB3 120 definecolor lightbrownishgray rgb 0 99 0 89 0 82 7 FDE4D0 definecolor lightbrownishgrey rgb 0 99 0
67. Moreover for a general case I have these two choices 0 c wS gammai o 0 0 o y gammax mu o 0 0 o gj 0 or 0 ac o 0 you have to use the command gammax j or gammax a Definitions newcommand gammai renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 left begin array c c 0 amp sigma7i AN sigma i amp 0 end array right newcommand gammax 1 renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 left beginf array c c 0 amp sigma 1 AN sigma 1 amp 0 end array right TT Certainly it is useful to define newcommands for matrices involving the momentum or the 4 momentum gammaV gammaVx p gammaVX E_p p Definitions newcommand gammaV renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 left begin array c c 0 amp bfG sigma bfG sigma amp 0 end array right newcommand gammaVx 1 renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 Meft begin array c c 0 amp bfG sigma cdot bf 1 AN bfG sigma cdot bf 1 amp O end array right newcommand gammaVX 2 renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 Meft begin array c c 1 bfG sigma cdot bf 2 AN bfG sigma cdot bf 2 amp 1 end array right On the other hand there are two different definitions for y and therefore also two for 7 78 1 0 l gammaz O 1 0 1 qo gammaZ 1 0 A
68. OPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopgrstuvwxyz 1234567890 cmscttx COMPUTER MODERN CAPS AND SMALL CAPS TYPEWRITER 10 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPORSTUVWXYZ 1234567890 cmvttx Computer modern variable typewriter 10 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopgrstuvwxyz 1234567890 cmttexx Computer modern typewriter extension 8 9 10 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPORSTUVWXYYZ abcdefghijklmnopgrstuvwxyz 1234567890 8 1 4 Computer modern fonts sans serif series I defined the following 6 different sans serif newfonts and the computer modern sans serif font is the usual sans serif font sf in IATEX 133 Computer modern sans serif newfont cmsfx cmss10 newf ont cmsfxi cmss10 scaled magstephalf newfont cmsfxii cmss12 Computer modern bold sans serif newfont cmbfsfx cmssbx10 newfont cmbfsfxi cmssbx10 scaled magstephalf newfont cmbfsfxii cmssbx10 scaled magstep1 Computer modern semi bold sans serif newfont cmsbf sfx cmssdc10 newfont cmsbfsfxi cmssdc10 scaled magstephalf newfont cmsbfsfxii cmssdc10 scaled magstep1 Computer modern slanted sans serif newfont cmslsfx cmssi10 newfont cmslsfxi cmssi10 scaled magstephalf newfont cmslsfxii cmssi12 Computer modern sans serif quotation newfont cmsfqviii cmssq8 Computer modern sans serif quotation inclined n
69. TLA Violetaseries s sou Serco eh ok a A AG es we e WR ca eo A we Re ae ate Basa ee a 10 Yellow SENOS s ers coap Rogar a Oe ee a RO RA EE A Ah wre eel Ee a a 7 1 6 White black series FFF GG RR III I I I I I I I uu 7 1 7 Non white backgrounds FF I GG I I I I I YG 7 2 _ Nnewcommands for the command textcolor with different colors I 2 1 Red series so ioe es eee a AG Wy a a a CR Gy ee A eed de 2 2 Green serieg b a 4 8 muce Di oe RE eR we Be GOR e OR RR OR Oe A WYW do Bo OW O R 2 5 Blue seri s xiii eter oe A anwr ee Rebbe a daw RWY ee Raw WL A aeh T24 Violet series u a ee Ae a ORR WYR ADAR we Be ee ea A 2 9 Yellow series sar s e 6k dot e OR Oe ee Ee A a 7 2 6 White black series I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I CE Othergl a 6 a ee Ge Rae BLE EG OEE Ee A OR FD Yd ed Dew eG hss New Fonts 8 1 Definitions of the Mnentonts I GG GG I I I I I I GI y 8 1 1 Computer modern fonts upright and inclined fonts E UG AE AB 8 1 2 Computer modern fonts bold fonts 0 200000 ee ee 8 1 3 Computer modern fonts typewriter series F ee 8 1 4 Computer modern fonts sans serif series 2 o oo a e e o 8 1 5 Computer modern fonts some funny fonts FF YG 8 1 6 Computer modern fonts mathematical symbols uu 8 1
70. User s Guide to CLShanCommands Version 11 1 1 Updated December 5 2013 Chung Lin Shan Contents 1 Abbreviations 11 displaystyle and textstyle 2 2 I GG GG 000000000000 0000 1 2 equation and egnarray environments ee 1 3 More newcommands for the eqnarray environment FFF ug 1 4 Changing equation numbers 1 5 Suggestions for the eguation and egnarray environments p aa d bee ee ae Re NENN 1 6 Suggestions for the figure and table environments LR hh AR TU o la at Mathematical Symbols 2 1 Special functions 2 2 Brackets absolute values norms and square roots involving a fraction 2 21 A positive fraction FI I I GG I I I I ee 2 2 2 A negative fraction ss e e s 2 eee Ed eee Se A 2 3 Brackets absolute values and norms involving an arbitrary argument aa 231 In normal size FF GI IG GI RG aa a GG GI HI IIi i I uy 2 3 2 Enlarging brackets absolute values or norms FF ug 2 4 Accents 2 5 Greek letters in the bold face print type I GG ee 2 6 Ordinary differentiationsl e 2 6 1 Pure ordinary differentiations or ordinary differentiations in brackets 2 6 2 Completing the a b c v n s system for the ordinary differentiat
71. a 22 26 167 z amssybsyma 23 427 1 17 a amssybsyma 119 7167 T7 5 amssybsyma 118 7166 4 78 x amssybsyma 16 20 10 z amssybsyma 17 21 11 2 amssybsyma 24 730 18 a amssybsyma 25 031 197 160 2 amssybsyma 43 153 2B Z amssybsyma 42 52 2A 2 amssybsyma 35 43 237 g amssybsyma 34 042 22 gt amssybsyma 41 51 297 cC amssybsyma 40 1750 287 2 amssybsyma 33 41 21 E amssybsyma 32 140 20 2 amssybsyma 37 45 257 S amssybsyma 36 44 24 2 amssybsyma 39 47 27 G amssybsyma 38 46 26 amssybsyma 115 7163 73 o amssybsyma 28 34 1C N amssybsyma 116 7164 74 amssybsyma 104 7150 68 z amssybsyma 117 7165 75 a amssybsyma 29 135 1D 1 amssybsyma 45 755 2D H amssybsyma 44 54 2C amssybsyma 112 7160 70 lI amssybsyma 113 7161 71 t amssybsyma 46 1756 2E H amssybsyma 47 57 2F 161 K amssybsyma 48 1760 30 I amssybsyma 49 1 61 31 K amssybsyma 50 162 32 IE amssybsyma 51 163 33 7 amssybsyma 30 36 1E N amssybsyma 31 37 1F amssybsyma 114 7162 727 lt amssybsyma 108 7154 6C gt amssybsyma 109 7155 6D x amssybsyma 110 7156 6E x Namssybsyma i11b 7157 6F a amssybsyma 12
72. adu f Hx ke f NGradd f x 2 8 4 Div family For the normal and enlarged Div family Definitions newcommand aDiv newcommand bDiv newcommand cDiv 1 left 1 left 1 left nabla cdot 1 right nabla cdot 1 right nabla cdot 1 right 58 newcommand vDiv 1 left nabla cdot 1 right newcommand nDiv 1 left Vert nabla cdot 1 right Vert newcommand sDiv 1 Asgrt nabla cdot 1 newcommand ADiv 1 Big nabla cdot 1 Big 3 newcommand BDiv 1 ABig nabla cdot 1 MBig newcommand CDiv 1 Big M nabla cdot 1 Big newcommand VDiv 1 Big nabla cdot 1 Big 3 newcommand NDiv 1 ABig Wert nabla cdot 1 Big Wert Examples V A aDiv bf A V fA bDivi f bf A V fA cDiv f bf A V A vDiv bf A IV A nDiv bf A VV A sDiv bf A ADiv bf A vga BDiv f bf A v ra CDiv f bf A v a VDiv bf A v a NDiv bf A 2 8 5 Curl family For the normal and enlarged Cur1 family 59 Definitions Nnewcommand XaCurl 1 left nabla times 1 right newcommand bCur1 1 left nabla times 1 right newcommand cCurl1 1 left nabla times 1 right newcommand vCurl 1 left nabla times 1 right ne
73. ages 2 width of the left column 3 width of the middle column 4 width of the right column 5 scale for and name of the left eps image 6 scale for and name of the middle eps image 7 scale for and name of the right eps image 1 x 24424 3 4 text width default 10 8 cm my personal 11 8 cm 5 6 7 scale xxx eps Lengths must be given in unit of cm but without the unit Note that because the number of arguments for one newcommand can be maximum 9 the last three arguments must be written as such form scale xxx eps Examples epstin 0 6 3 2 0 2 Coma Hydra Perseus epsTin 0 3 3 3 4 2 scale 0 2 Coma eps scale 0 3 Hydra eps scale 0 2 Perseus eps 6 7 Using of the pdflatex command When I used the pdflatex command to typeset my files I found a problem although I used the center or the flushright environment I always saw the pictures on the left of the column The solution of this problem use the hspace command to fix the position of each picture For a frame of picture I defined these three newcommands for one or two or even three pictures on one row Definitions newcommand pdflatexpicframea hspace 1 cm begin minipage 2 cm hspace 0 38cm picframe 2 3 4 end minipage newcommand pdflatexpicframeb hspace 1 cm begin minipage 2 cm hspace 0 77cm picframe 2 3 4 end minipage
74. al differentiations Definitions newcommand App 1 Bigg frac partial partial 1 Bigg newcommand Appp 1 Bigg frac partial 2 partial 172 Bigg newcommand Apppp 2 Bigg frac partial 2 partial 1 partial 2 Bigg newcommand Appn 2 Bigg frac partial 2 partial 17 2 Bigg newcommand Bppt 1 Bigg frac partial partial 1 Bigg 17 newcommand Bppp 1 Bigg frac partial 2 partial 172 Bigg newcommand Bpppp 2 Bigg frac partial 2 partial 1 partial 2 Bigg 1 newcommand Bppn 2 Bigg frac partial 2 partial 17 2 Bigg newcommand Cpp 1 Bigg frac partial partial 1 Bigg newcommand Cppp 1 4 Bigg frac partial 2 partial 172 Bigg newcommand Cpppp 2 Bigg frac partial 2 partial 1 Apartial 2 Bigg newcommand Cppn 2 Bigg frac partial 2 partial 17442 Bigg 44 newcommand Vpp 1 Bigg frac partial partial 1 Bigg newcommand Vppp 1 Bigg frac partial 2 partial 172 Bigg newcommand Vpppp 2 Bigg frac partial 2 partial 1 partial 2 Bigg newcommand Vppn 2 Bigg frac partial 2 partial 1 2 Bigg newcommand Npp 1 Bigg Vert frac partial partial 1 Bigg Vert newcommand Nppp 1 Bigg Vert frac partial72 partial 172
75. and for without or with the two wave functions Examples vio braket psi phi io innerP psi phi 2 expvi x p E Expv frac p 2 2m 2m lelo expV psi x phi 2 v Z 4 ExpV psi frac p 2 2m phi 2 11 Atomic symbols For the atomic symbols such like 4X or AX I defined the following newcommands Definitions newcommand XA 2 sp 2 1 newcommand XAZ 3 sp 2 sb 3 81 newcommand rmXA 2 sp 2 rm 1 newcommand rmXAZ 3 sp 2 sb 3 rm 1 65 newcommand bf XA 2 sp 2 bf 1 newcommand bfXAZ 3 sp 2 sb 3 bf 1 Here the X A and Z stand for the name the atomic number and the number of protons of the element and as usual I used rm and bf for the roman and bold face print types Note that I modified the definitions of the above newcommands in Version 4 0 but the commands and results are unchanged Thus if you use my clshan math package directly you have to worry about nothing Examples tHe XA He 4 He XAZ He 4 2 He rmXA He 4 He rmXAZ He 4 2 He bf XA He 4 He bfXAZ He 4 2 Note here that if you want to type some elements such like 2C or 12 7 you need to type for a small space in the third lower argument XAZ C 12 76 XAZ I 127 753 On the other han
76. array c c c 70 amp i amp 0 i amp O amp 0 70 0 amp Om end array right newcommand lambdac renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 left beginfarray c c c 1 amp 0 amp 0 W 70 amp 1 amp 0 70 0 amp 07 end array right 81 newcommand lambdad renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 Meft beginfarray c c c 707 amp 07 amp aA 707 amp 07 amp OF 717 amp 0 amp 07 end array right newcommand lambdae renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 left beginfarray c c c 707 amp 0 amp i 707 amp 0 amp ON iy amp O0 amp 0 end array right newcommand lambdaf renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 left beginfarray c c c 707 amp 07 amp OF 707 amp 07 amp 1 WN 707 17 amp 07 end array right newcommand lambdag renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 left beginfarray c c c 707 amp 0 amp ON 707 amp 0 amp i 70 amp i amp 0 end array right newcommand lambdah frac 1 sqrt 3 renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 left beginfarray c c c aog ON 707 amp 1 amp ON 707 amp 0 amp 2 end array right 82 Here I used a b h to indicate 1 2 8 83 84 Chapter 4 Young Tableaux For elementary particle physicists it is very convenient and useful to use the Young Tableaux such like
77. at the sum of the widths of the two columns and the space between them i e 1 2 x 2 must be equal to the width of the text The default of the text width is 10 8 cm For the case in which two frames have different widths I defined a newcommand with 9 arguments sorry Definition newcommand picDframe 9 vspace 0 3cm begin columnsonlytextwidth columnright 2 picframe 4 5 6 columncenter 1 7 hspace 0 6cm columnleft 1 3 picframe 7 8 9 end columnsonlytextwidth vspace 0O 1cm Here the arguments have been defined as 101 Arguments 1 space width between these two frames 2 width of the left column 3 width of the right column 4 width of the left frame 5 height of the left frame 6 name of the left frame 7 width of the right frame 8 height of the right frame 9 name of the right frame 1 2 3 text width default 10 8 cm my personal 11 8 cm Lengths must be given in unit of cm but without the unit Here the small d and capital D denote double and I will always use a small letter for columns with equal width and a capital letter for columns with different width Examples picdframe 0 8 5 4 5 3 DAMA 4yrs DAMA 7yrs picDframe 0 8 6 4 5 5 3 DAMA 4yrs 3 5 2 5 DAMA 7yrs I also defined a command for the case of three frames which have the same width Definition
78. ck view of my newcommands and their examples it is convenient for you to look my CLShanCmds Examples Math pdf file for my mathematical symbols in Chapter 2 and my CLShanCmds Examples Matrix pdf file for the matrices in Chapter 3 Improvements In Version 2 1 I added a few newcommands in Sections 2 3 and 2 15 In Version 3 0 I added more newcommands in Sections 1 3 1 4 and 2 14 Meanwhile in order to use the newcommands in Section 1 3 in the beamer class I redefined them in the clshan beamer package Section 6 2 In Version 3 1 added a few newcommands in Section 2 3 In Version 4 0 I completed my a b c v n s and A B C V N systems for brackets absolute values norms and square roots in Section 2 3 for ordinary differentiations in Section 2 6 for partial differentiations in Section 2 7 and for the operators involving the V in Section 2 8 Moreover I modified my definitions of the atomic symbols in Section 2 11 In Version 4 1 I corrected some of my newcommands for changing equation numbers in Section 1 4 In Version 4 2 I added two newcommands for changing equation numbers in Section 1 4 In Version 5 0 wrote a new package clshan YoungTableaux for drawing the Young Tableaux in Chapter a meanwhile I separated my newcommands for matrices Chapter 3 from the clshan math package and rewrote them to the clshan matrix package I also added a newcommand in Section 2 14 a
79. command Identityc renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 left beginfarray c c c 17 amp 07 amp OF 707 amp 17 amp OT A 707 amp 0 amp 17 end array right newcommand Identityd renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 left beginfarray c c c c 17 amp 07 gogo 707 amp 17 amp 07 amp 0 M 707 amp 07 amp 17 amp 0 707 amp 0 amp 0O amp 17 end array right where I used the letter b c or d to indicate 2 3 or 4 because we can not define newcommands involving numbers On the other hand sometimes we need a matrix with vectors or smaller identity matrices as elements Hence I defined these identity matrices 1 0 IdentityB 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 IdentityC 0 0 1 Definitions newcommand IdentityB renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 left begin array c c bf 1 amp GAN O amp bf 1 end array right 74 newcommand IdentityC renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 leftL beginfarray c c c bf 1 07 amp o MW 07 amp bf 137 Y o W 072 07 amp bf 1 end array Nright Note here that I didn t define an IdentityD matrix 3 2 Pauli matrices The three Pauli matrices 0 1 Or Paulix 1 0 0 0y Pauliy i 0 1 0 Oz Pauliz 0 1 have also been defined Definitions newcommand Paulix renewcommand arraystretch 1
80. command ecr 1 multicolumn 5 c 1 On the other hand sometimes we want not only to combine more columns but also to use the same element For such cases we can simply extend the above system to the following one with a T stands for text Definitions newcommand bcT multicolumn 2 c 1H newcommand bc1T multicolumn 2 c H newcommand bcrT multicolumn 2 c newcommand b1T multicolumn 2 1 1H newcommand b11T multicolumn 2 1 H newcommand blrT multicolumn 2 1 1H newcommand brT multicolumn 2 r 1H newcommand br1T multicolumn 2 r H newcommand brrT multicolumn 2 r lH where the 5 2 makebox command Definitions 94 ae denotes the fixed text which need to be used more times newcommand mbxc newcommand mbx1 newcommand mbxr 2 2 2 makebox 1 cm c 2 makebox 1 cm 1 2 makebox 1 cm r 2 Here I used mbx as an abbreviation for makebox and also c I and r to indicate the position of the element Moreover similar to what I did with the multicolumn command we can define newcommands with a fixed element or with a fixed width of the box 6699 Definitions newcommand mbxcT 1 makebox 1 cm c f newcomman
81. ction 8 2 1 with the 5 exceptions given in Section 8 2 2 for the three cmscsym commands Examples cmupitsyma 36 444 24 s cmupitsyma 38 gt 46 26 8 2 4 Computer modern fonts bold fonts For all newfonts defined in Section 8 1 2 I defined the following newcommands in order to use their special symbols more convenient Computer modern bold newcommand cmbfsyma 1 mbox cmbfx symbol 1 newcommand cmbfsymb 1 mbox cmbfxi symbol 1 newcommand cmbfsymc 1 mbox cmbfxii symbol 1 Computer modern bold roman newcommand cmbfrmsyma 1 mbox cmbfrmx symbol 1 newcommand cmbfrmsymb 1 mbox cmbfrmxi symbol 1 newcommand cmbfrmsymc 1 mbox cmbfrmxii symbol 1 Computer modern bold italics newcommand cmbfitsyma 1 mbox cmbfitx symbol 1 newcommand cmbfitsymb 1 mbox cmbfitxi symbol 1 newcommand cmbfitsymc 1 mbox cmbfitxii symbol 1 Computer modern slanted roman newcommand cmbfslrmsyma 1 mbox cmbfslrmx symbol 1 newcommand cmbfslrmsymb 1 mbox cmbfslrmxi symbol 1 newcommand cmbfslrmsymc 1 mbox cmbfslrmxii symbol 1 Note here that you can use all character numbers of the useful symbols listed in Section 8 2 1 but the three Acmbfitsym commands have the 2 exceptions given in Section 8 2 2
82. d for some special expressions in the nuclear physics I have Definitions newcommand s1j 31 sp 1 2 _ 3 newcommand ns1j 4 1 sp 2 3 _ 4 Note that the definitions of the above newcommands have been also modified in Version 4 0 Examples 2P s1j 2HPH Py s1j 2 P 1 2 2150 ns1j 2 1 S 0 And for the norder symbol in the quantum field theory Definition newcommand Norder 1 4 3 66 Example Q1 Norder phi_1 2 12 Traces In the quantum field theory the trace of a matrix or a product of a few matrices has been always calculated This means that I should define some shorter commands for them Definitions newcommand tr it tr newcommand Tr it Tr newcommand rmtr rm tr newcommand rmTr rm Tr newcommand bftr bf tr newcommand bfTr bf Tr where the rm and bf stand for roman and bold face print types Examples tr tr Tr Tr tr Nrmtr Tr NrmTr tr Nbftr Tr NbfTr 2 13 Slashs Like the Trs in the guantum field theory and the elementary particle physics you can always find some slash s of 4 momenta So just define some newcommands Definitions newcommand xslash 1 mbox not hspace 0 4ex 1 newcommand xpslash 1 mbox not hspace 0 4ex 1 V newcommand
83. d mbx1T 1 makebox 1 cm 1 4 newcommand mbxrT 1 makebox 1 cm r f newcommand mbxcW 1 makebox cm c 1 newcommand mbx1W 1 makebox cm 1 1 newcommand mbxrW 1 makebox cm r 1 or even both of them Definitions newcommand mbxcWT makebox cm c newcommand mbx1WT makebox cm 1 newcommand mbxrWT makebox cm r where the W stands for the fixed width of the box 95 96 Chapter 6 Beamer Class I defined some newcommands specially for the beamer class in my clshan beamer package Please note here you must use the clshan math package before using the clshan beamer package 6 1 equation and egnarray environments For a presentation we usually show equations without equation numbers This means that we only need the XT NM and the egnarray environments Meanwhile equations in the normalsize are for me too large to use on one slide I can give too less equations and information as I hope Hence I defined now and just for the beamer class the newcommands which I suggested you in section 1 3 the eqin and the eqnin with the footnotesize Definitions newcommand eqin 1 footnotesize ML 1 NM newcommand eqnin 1 4 footnotesize beginfeqnarray 1 end eqnarray Note that I used here the eqin for the not the equation environment and t
84. e s Definition def ignore 1 Note that first it is necessary to use the def command for this aim You can not use a command such like newcommand ignore 1 Because You want to send something as the argument 1 to nothing and if you use the command newcommand ignore 1 nothing has been defined as the argument 1 Then the typeset program will send an error massage to you Second if you have some bugs in the text for example a more you can not use this ignore command Because your typeset program can not find the corresponding for the ignore On the other hand you could need to change something from two or more choices For example I prepared my three talks with students of different levels at once Hence I gave different titles for the same context Or when I wrote the text of my slides I had to use the picframe command instead of the imagein in order to protect my old notebook I can write two choices of one section title one after the other and use the to pick up the other one which 1 want to use every time But it is for sure better to define a command such like 169 Definition newcommand switch 2 1 Then I just need to change the number of the argument 1 2 or even 3 in my preamble I can change all of the alternative parts at once 170 Acknowledgments Here I want to thank Dr Markus Bernhardt and Dr Ulrich Langenfeld two of my former German collea
85. ect right Definition newcommand epsin 2 includegraphics scale 1 2 eps Example epsin 0 25 dRdQ Two eps images have the same width 106 Definition newcommand epsdin 5 vspace 0 3cm begin columnsonlytextwidth columnright 2 includegraphics scale 3 4 eps columncenter 1 7 hspace 0 6cm columnleft 2 includegraphics scale 3 5 eps end columnsonlytextwidth vspace 0O 1cm Arguments 1 space width between two eps images 2 common column width 3 common scale for these two eps images 4 name of the left eps image 5 name of the right eps image 1 2 x 2 text width default 10 8 cm my personal 11 8 cm Lengths must be given in unit of cm but without the unit Two eps images have different widths Definition newcommand epsDin 7 vspace 0 3cm begin columnsonlytextwidth columnright 2 includegraphics scale 4 5 eps columncenter 1 7 hspace 0 6cm columnleft 3 includegraphics scale 6 7 eps end columnsonlytextwidth vspace 0O 1cm Arguments 1 space width between two eps images 2 width of the left column 3 width of the right column 4 scale for the left eps image 5 name of the left eps image 6 scale for the right eps image 7 name of the right eps image 1 2 3 text width default 10 8 cm my personal 1
86. efined here green for the color rgb 0 0 5 O and called the color rgb 0 1 07 lime Examples darkgreen darkgreen in A Ml limegreen gt limegreen forestgreen E forestgreen lightgreen HE springgreen ES springgreen palelimegreen greenyellow EE greenyellow lawngreen U lawngreen brilliantspringbud Po brilliantspringbud yellowgreen yellowgreen 116 7 1 3 Blue series I defined the following 13 colors for blue cyan series Definitions definecolor blue rgb 0 A 0000FF def inecolor darkblue rgb 0 0 55 00008B definecolor cyan rgbMO y OOFFFF definecolor darkcyan rgb 0 0 55 0 55 008B8B definecolor lightgrayishcyan rgb 0 75 0 95 0 95 h COF2F2 definecolor lightgreyishcyan rgb 0 75 0 95 0 95 h COF2F2 definecolor paleturquoise rgb 0 69 0 93 0 93 AFEEEE definecolor lightblue rgb 0 68 0 85 0 9 h ADD8E6 def inecolor skyblue rgb 0 53 0 81 0 92 7 87CEEB def inecolor deepskyblue rgb 0 0 75 HOOBFFF definecolor dodgerblue rgb 0 12 0 56 1E90FF definecolor royalblue rgb 0 25 0 41 0 88 7 H4169E1 definecolor slateblue rgb 0 42 0 35 0 8 6A5ACD Examples darkbluo EA darkcyan darkcyan lightgrayishcyan lightgreyishcyan paleturquoise lightblue deepskyblue MAA deepskyblue dodgerblue d
87. el family I defined Definitions newcommand Adel 1 Big nabla 1 Big newcommand Adelu 2 Big nabla 2 1 Big newcommand Adeld 2 MBig nabla_ 2 1 Big newcommand Bdel 1 Big nabla 1 Big newcommand Bdelu 2 Big Nnabla 82 1 Big newcommand Bdeld 2 Big nabla_ 2 1 Big newcommand Cdel 1 ABig nabla 1 Big newcommand Cdelu 2 ABig nabla 2 1 Big newcommand Cdeld 2 Big nabla_ 2 1 Big newcommand Vdel 1 Big nabla 1 Big newcommand Vdelu 2 Big nabla 2 1 Big newcommand Vdeld 2 Big nabla_ 2 1 Big y newcommand Ndel 1 Big Vert nabla 1 Big Vert newcommand Ndelu 2 Big Vert nabla 2 1 Big Vert newcommand Ndeld 2 Big Vert nabla_ 2 1 Big Vert 54 Note that the A B C V and N here stand not for the largest commands Bigg but for the larger ones Big Examples v f Adel v f MAdelu f x Vaf Adeld f Hx v f x y Bdel f x y ve fle y Bdelu f x y Hx Vo fla y Bdeld f x y Hx y f x y Cdel f x y ve fla y Cdelu f x y Hx Vs fla y Cdeld x y Hx v Wdel f ver Vdelu x vas Vdela f Hx ve Ndel f N f Ndelu f x ves Ndeld x 2 8 3 Grad family For the G
88. es s ecs lt 48 RR Ra a Ru UU UR RR UR RR ENG FA e Young Tableaux 4 1 Putting the boxes one by one FF I FR I I I I 4 2 Putting the boxes row by row or column by column Fu 4 2 1 Young Tableaux with a horizontal form FF FF ug 4 2 2 Young Tableaux with a vertical form o o e Tables 5 1 multicolumn command 5 2 makebox command Beamer Class 6 1 equation and egnarray environments 2 FF I I GG I ee 6 2 Redefining the newcommands for the eqnarray environment in Section 1 3 6 3 column environment I I GI G G G Y u Yu uu u3YP 32 3 Y2 Y Y u Y u uu u Y u u u u Yu uv uu 6 4 Frames for inserting pictures FF FF I GI I I Yg 6 5 Inserting pictures with the pgfuseimage command FFF Yg 6 6 Inserting pictures with the includegraphics command ug 6 7 Using ofthepdflatexcommand FFF I GR ee Colors 7 1 Definitions of some often used colors o o aoa IG I I Gu u 3 3 au uuu2 uu u Yu nu ua ALL Red Series a go a e ee AOR OR me a EN A DRI Rd I IG GB UR T 1 2 Green series ce au niU A ee OEE Gee Y An A Y FOOD ALAW A LLIW eA A R TL3 Blue Series aa ei yned eo A AU IR Bws ay RSs aid kok Sh ae dr oA ke A HE RL A Io A FA
89. ewcommand blr 1 multicolumn 2 1 1 newcommand br 1 multicolumn 2 r 1 newcommand br1 1 multicolumn 2 r H 1 newcommand brr 1 multicolumn 2 r 1 The first letter in the commands above b denotes that we want to combine two columns multicolumn 2 the second letter c I or r describes the position of the element center left or right the third letter I or r indicates that there is only one vertical line on the left or right side of this element If there are two lines on the both side of the element then we treat this choice as default and write nothing According to this method we can build lots of the other newcommands for example Definitions newcommand ac 1 multicolumn i c 1 newcommand acl 1 multicolumn 1 c 1 newcommand acr 1 multicolumn i c 1 93 newcommand cc 1 multicolumn 3 c 1 newcommand ccl 1 multicolumn 3 c 1 newcommand ccr 1 multicolumn 3 c 1 or even two lines on each side of the element Definitions newcommand dc 1 multicolumn 4 c 1 newcommand dcl 1 multicolumn 4 c 1 newcommand dcr 1 multicolumn 4 c 1 newcommand ec 1 multicolumn 5 c 1 newcommand ecl1 1 multicolumn 5 c 1 new
90. ewfont cmsfqiviii cmssqi8 Here sf stands for sans serif sbf stands for semi bold face q and qi stand for quotation and quotation inclined and viii stand for the character size 8pt Please note here that the computer modern sans serif quotation and the computer modern sans serif quotation inclined fonts have been de fined only for Spt and I didn t extended them to any other size Examples cmsfx Computer modern sans serif 8 9 10 12 17 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopgrstuvwxyz 1234567890 134 cmslsfx Computer modern slanted sans serif 8 9 10 12 17 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopgrstuvwxyz 1234567890 cmbfsfx Computer modern bold sans serif 10 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPORSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopgrstuvwxyz 1234567890 cmsbfsfx Computer modern semi bold sans serif 10 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPORSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 cmsfqviii Computer modern sans serif quotation 8 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopdrstuvwxyzZz 1234567890 cmsfqiviii Computer modern sans serif quotation inclined 8 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopgrstuvwxyz 1234567890 8 1 5 Computer modern fonts some funny fonts Except the above serious fonts I defined also the following 4 funny newfonts Computer modern funny roman newfont cmfurmx cmff10
91. f vGradd f x IV il nGrad f IV fll nGradu f x IV nGradd f x VVi sGrad f VV f sGradu f x Val sGradd f x For enlarging of the Grad family I defined Definitions newcommand AGrad 1 Big nabla 1 Big newcommand AGradu 21 Big NMnabla 82 1 Big newcommand AGradd 21 Big nabla_ 2 1 Big newcommand BGrad 1 Big nabla 1 Big newcommand BGradu 2 Big Nnabla 82 1 Big newcommand BGradd 2 Big nabla_ 2 1 Big newcommand CGrad 1 Big nabla 1 Big newcommand CGradu 2 ABig nabla 2 1 Big newcommand CGradd 2 BigM nabla_ 2 1 Big newcommand VGrad 1 Big nabla 1 Big newcommand VGradu 2 Big nabla 2 1 Big newcommand VGradd 2 Big nabla_ 2 1 Big y newcommand NGrad 1 Big Vert nabla 1 Big Vert newcommand NGradu 2 Big Vert nabla 2 1 Big Vert newcommand NGradd 2 Big Vert nabla_ 2 1 Big Vert 97 Examples vs AGrad f y gt f AGradu f Hx Vas AGradd f x Vre y BGrad f x y V f a y BGradu f x y x Vos e y VBGradd f x y Hx v f a y VCGrad f x y V F 2 y CGradu f x y x Vel x y CGradd f x y x v VGrad f Iv f WGradu f x Ke f VGradd f x ve NGrad f v f NGr
92. grey textcolor dimgray textcolor dimgrey newcommand darkgray newcommand darkgrey textcolor darkgray textcolor darkgrey 126 newcommand black textcolor black Examples white white gainsboro gainsboro silver silver gray gray gray grey grey grey dimgray dimgray dimgray dimgrey dimgrey dimgrey darkgray darkgray darkgray darkgrey darkgrey darkgrey black black black 7 2 7 Others Definitions newcommand cornsilk newcommand navajowhite newcommand wheat textcolor cornsilk textcolor navajowhite textcolor wheat newcommand lightbrownishgray newcommand lightbrownishgrey newcommand peachpuf f textcolor lightbrownishgray textcolor lightbrownishgrey textcolor peachpuff Examples cornsilk cornsilk navajowhite navajowhite wheat wheat 127 lightbrownishgray lightbrownishgray lightbrownishgray lightbrownishgrey peachpuff peachpuff Note here that each of these newcommands require an argument This means that you must put the text which you want to change the color in a curly parentheses If you forget to indicate that the whole text must be treated as one element then only the first one letter will be changed Examples red red red red red red 128 Chapter 8
93. gues in the Physikalisches Institut der Universitat Bonn for the new idea and interesting challenge for the eliminate and cancel commands defined in Section 2 14 as well as the strong improvement of the Young Tableaux in Chapter 4 I would also appreciate Prof Ling Lie Chau for the opportunity to contribute my newcommands for some commonly used slashs see Section 2 13 to her works 171
94. he eqnin for the eqnarray not the eqnarray environment Because I don t want to use the equation and the eqnarray environments for my presentations Moreover I also defined newcommands with the scriptsize and the tiny Definitions newcommand eqsin 1 scriptsize 1 newcommand eqnsin 1 scriptsize beginfeqnarray 1 end eqnarray newcommand eqxin 1 tiny ML 1 J newcommand eqnxin 1 tiny beginfeqnarray 1 end eqnarray Here I used the letter s and x to indicate smaller and extreme small not the Nsmall but just compare with the footnotesize Furthermore it seems to be better to define newcommands for the cases in which I need to enlarge the size of my equations although they would be used very very seldom Definitions newcommand eqlin 1 KNsmall L HN newcommand eqnlin 1 small beginfeqnarray 1 end eqnarray 97 where I used I to indicate larger not the large but just compare with the footnotesize On the other hand because I set the footnotesize as the usual size for my equations on the slides I need to correct redefine the space on the both side of an sign in the eqnarray environment This is why you must use the clshan math package at first and then clshan beamer package Definitions renewcommand amp amp hspace 2 25ex renewcommand amp hs
95. here is no number but both of the capital and lowercase letters 8 2 Useful symbols in the newfonts Actually I defined the newfonts in Section 8 1 because sometimes I need some special symbols such like lt and 2 in my equations or and W for the lists in my slides Then I decided to find out all useful symbols in the usual IATEX and its newfonts 8 2 1 symbol command in BTEX As examples I give you here all symbols which you can not type just with using a simple command such like Mag T ae ee or lt i in PT RX Examples 141 Tr symbol 0 102 0 A symbol 1 71 1 symbol 2 125 2 A Nsymbol 3 32 3 a symbol 4 L4 4 II symbol 5 1 57 5 y Nsymbol 6 162 6 Y symbol 7 17 7 symbo1 8 010 8 y Nsymbol 9 D11 9 Q Nsymbol 10 12 A ff symbol 11 013 B fi symbol 12 14 C fl Nsymbol 13 715 D ffi symbol 14 016 E ffl symbol 15 717 F 1 Nsymbol 16 020 10 J Nsymbol 17 021 11 Nsymbol 18 22 12 Nsymbol 19 023 13 symbol 125 7175 7D symbol 95 137 5F symbol 127 7177 7F Nsymbol 23 027 TR Nsymbol 20 024 14 Nsymbol 94 4136 5E y symbol 21 025 15 E Nsymbol 22 026 16 symbol 126 176 7E 142 Nsymbol 24 30 18 Nsymbol 32 40 20 Nsymbol 38 46 26 Nsymbol 64 100 4
96. hs must be given in unit of cm but without the unit Example 110 pdflateximageain 0 5 5 5 DAMA 4yrs pdflateximagebin 0 8 3 5 DAMA 7yrs Compare with the example of picDframe Note that if you want to insert only one picture you just need to use the pdflateximageain command See the example for the picframe command For three pictures please combine the pdflateximageain the pdflateximagebin and pdflateximagecin commands See the example for the includegraphics command For the includegraphics command Definitions newcommand pdflatexepsain 4 hspace 1 cm begin minipage 2 cm hspace 0 38cm includegraphics scale 3 4 eps end minipage newcommand pdflatexepsbin 4 hspace 1 cm begin minipage 2 cm hspace 0 77cm includegraphics scale 3 4 eps end minipage newcommand pdflatexepsecin 4 hspace 1 cm begin minipage 2 cm hspace 1 28cm includegraphics scale 3 4 eps end minipage Arguments 1 shift distance of this frame 2 width of the eps image 3 scale for the eps image 4 name of the eps image Lengths must be given in unit of cm but without the unit Example pdflatexepseain fO 3 3 Coma pdflatexepsebin 0 3 3 3 Hydra pdflatexepsecin 0 3 3 8 3 Perseus Compare with the example of picTframe Note that if you want to insert one eps image yo
97. hspace 1 3ex newcommand eqngg 1 hspace 1 3ex gg amp hspace 1 3ex newcommand eqnequiv 1 hspace 1 3ex equiv amp hspace 1 3ex newcommand eqndoteq 1 hspace 1 3ex doteq amp hspace 1 3ex newcommand eqncong amp hspace 1 3ex cong amp hspace 1 3ex newcommand eqnapprox 1 hspace 1 3ex approx amp hspace 1 3ex newcommand eqnsimeq 1 hspace 1 3ex simeq amp hspace 1 3ex newcommand eqnsim 1 hspace 1 3ex sim amp hspace 1 3ex newcommand eqnpropto 1 hspace 1 3ex propto amp hspace 1 3ex where the eqn stands for the eqn array environment As an example I rewrite the last example in Section 1 2 as following Example Xbegn then sin x sum_ k 0 infty frac 1 k V x 2k 1 2k 1 non eqnapprox x frac x73 6 frac x75 120 Neegn Meanwhile for a longer eguation such like sinh x x x2 sinh x lt li ofl WN xt de afl ME x4 a x f x f 3 45 315 3 45 315 I usually use a command amp amp for the last line Because I have already used redefined the command for see Section 1 2 I define the following newcommand Definition newcommand conti amp hspace 1 3ex hspace 1 3ex where the conti stands for continue As an example I give you the commands for the last two lines of the above eq
98. idth between two images 2 common column width 3 name of the left image 4 name of the right image 1 2 x 2 text width default 10 8 cm my personal 11 8 cm Lengths must be given in unit of cm but without the unit Two images have different widths Definition newcommand imageDin 5 vspace 0 3cm begin columnsonlytextwidth columnright 2 pgfuseimage 4 columncenter 1 7 hspace 0 6cm columnleft 3 pgfuseimage 5 end columnsonlytextwidth vspace 0O 1cm 104 Arguments 1 42 3 4 5 1 2 3 text width default 10 8 cm my personal 11 8 cm Lengths must be given in unit of cm but without the unit space width between two images width of the left column width of the right column name of the left image name of the right image Examples imagedin 0 8 5 DAMA 4yrs DAMA 7yrs imageDin 0 8 6 4 DAMA 4yrs DAMA 7yrs Three images have the same width Definition newcommand imagetin 5 vspace 0 3cm begin columnsonlytextwidth columnright 2 pgfuseimage 3 columncenter 1 7 hspace 0 6cm columncenter 2 pgfuseimage 4 columncenter 1 7 hspace 0 6cm columnleft 1 2 pgfuseimage 5 end columnsonlytextwidth vspace 0 1cm Arguments 1 42 3 4 5 1 x 2 2 x 3 text width default 10 8 cm my personal 11 8 cm Lengths
99. ig 1 big newcommand nbigr 1 big 1 big Vert newcommand aBigr 1 Big 1 Big gt newcommand bBigr 1 Big 1 Mig newcommand cBigr 1 Big 1 Big gt newcommand vBigr 1 Big 1 Mig newcommand nBigr 11 Big 1 Big Vert newcommand abiggr 1 bigg fi bigg newcommand bbiggr 1 bigg 1 bigg gt newcommand cbiggr 1 bigg 1 bigg newcommand vbiggr 1 bigg 1 bigg gt newcommand nbiggr 1 bigg 1 bigg Vert newcommand aBiggr 1 Bigg 1 Bigg newcommand bBiggr 1 Bigg 1 Bigg 1 gt newcommand cBiggr 11 Bigg 1 Bigg newcommand vBiggr 1 Bigg 1 Bigg gt newcommand nBiggr 1 Bigg 1 Bigg Vert Note here that I didn t define a newcommand such like Xambiggl or vmBiggr for enlarging of brackets with arguments having a minus sign 21 Examples a abigl x x bbigl x a cbigl x z vbigl x 2 nbigl x a aBigl x 2 2 bBigl x 2 e cBigl x 2 2 vBigl x 2 nBigl x 2 8 abiggl x72 bbiggl x72 cbiggl x 2 Nvbiggl x 2 nbiggl x72 aBiggl x72 bBiggl x72 cBiggl x 2 vBiggl x 2 nBiggl x 2 22 x abigr x x bbigr x z cbigr x q vbigr x nbigr x a aBigr x 2 bBigr x 2 a cBigr x 2 a vBigr
100. ions 2 6 3 A B C V N system for the ordinary differentiations Y 2 7 Partial differentiations l 2 I I I I I I YG YG Y Y YY YY YY GY uu Y uu uu uu 2 7 1 Pure part ial differentiations FF GG GI II II II I I I I I uu uu uu 2 7 2 Partial differentiations in brackets FFF GG GG GG GI LG LG 1 uu Gu Yu Yu 2 7 3 Enlarging brackets involving a partial differentiation a 2 7 4 Simple types of the partial differentiationsl FF FL 2 8 Operators involving the Vl GR I I GI I I GG I I GG I I I I I Yg 2 8 1 Basic 0p ratOrs cis eee cee a g ane Td o BoB GM AG ROD A 282 Ndebiamniilyla uu a od ate eee es ot eh lh hw ee BF DS AWS Be Ee AA A tly ott alee Y Nr eee Pe CR Oe eee ees DOA TA oad a eS eh ee oe CEFNFAES 28 0 _ Curl family ee ee ea ea eee ee ea be dA BAe eRe eee eae 2 9 Arrows 2 8 0 Nap family ee oko a ad eA ee gO A YD Sh A a 2 10 Bras kets and expectation Values ee 2 11 Atomic symbols 2 12 Traces 2 13 Slashs 2 14 eliminate equalto and Mcancell I I I GG I I eee 2 15 Miscellaneous Matrices 3 1 Identity matrices 3 2 Pauli matrices 3 3 Dirac y matrices 34 Gell Mann A matric
101. led Wmagstep1 Example AMS mathematical symbol B 10 amssybx ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Note here that there is neither letters nor numbers in the AMS mathematical symbol A font and in the AMS mathematical symbol B font there are only the capital letters Hence I put the commands amssybx in the second line on the left side in order to remind you that only the capital letters in the second line have been typed in the AMS mathematical symbol B font but its name has been typed just in roman 8 1 8 AMS Euler fonts As Physicist I need sometimes some special calligraphic letters such like P or 8 to indicate some quantities energy momentum angular momentum spin etc Hence I also defined the following 6 AMS Euler fonts AMS Euler roman newf ont eurmx eurm10 newfont eurmxi eurm10 scaled magstephalf newfont eurmxii eurm10 scaled magstep1i AMS Euler bold roman newf ont eubfrmx eurb10 Nnewfont Xeubfrmxi feurb10 scaled magstephalf newfont eubfrmxii feurb10 scaled Wmagstep1 AMS Euler fraktur 138 newfont eufrx newfont eufrxi newfont eufrxii eufm10 eufm10 scaled eufm10 scaled magstephalf Nmagstep1 AMS Euler bold fraktur newfont eubffrx eufb10 newfont eubffrxi eufb10 scaled magstephalf newfont eubffrxii f eufb10 scaled magstep1 AMS Euler scripts newfont eu
102. letters in the usual mathematical mode but with less extra space between two neighbor letters or the letters in the italics font with a tiny space between two neighbor letters and the space between two words has been neglected The letters not the numbers in the computer modern mathematical bold are the same as the letters in the usual mathematical mode under the boldmath command but with less extra space between two neighbor letters or the letters in the computer modern bold italics font with a tiny space between two neighbor letters and the space between two words has been neglected On the other hand the capital letters in the computer modern symbols or the computer modern bold symbols there is neither lowercase letter nor number are the same as the letters in the usual mathematical mode under the cal calligraph command and without or with the boldmath command 136 Computer modern mathematical italics newfont cmmathitx cmmii0 newfont cmmathitxi cmmi10 scaled magstephalf newfont cmmathitxii cmmii2 Computer modern mathematical bold newfont cmmathbfx cmmib10 newfont cmmathbfxi cmmib10 scaled magstephalf newfont cmmathbfxii cmmib10 scaled magstep1 Computer modern symbols newfont cmsyx cmsy10 newfont cmsyxi cmsy10 scaled magstephalf newfont cmsyxii cmsy10 scaled magstep1 Computer modern bold symbols newfont cmbfsyx
103. m a Finally I defined an abbreviation for writing my note conveniently Definition newcommand then Longrightarrow Example gt then Below I give you an example to show you how to combine these newcommands Example beqn then sin x sum_ k 0 infty frac 1 k V x7 2k 1 2k 1 non amp approx amp x frac x 3 6 frac x 5 120 eeqn oo JE g2h 1 Fa or 1 r a 1 3 More newcommands for the eqnarray environment At first I redefined the amp command in TEX see Section 1 2 in order to reduce the default space when we use an in the egnarray environment Then I redefined the X command for the longer command amp amp because I used it very very often Due to the convenience of this re definition I decide now to define the following newcommands for all binary relation which we can use in the eqnarray environment Definitions newcommand eqnneq 1 hspace 1 3ex neq amp hspace 1 3ex newcommand eqnne 1 hspace 1 3ex ne amp hspace 1 3ex newcommand eqnleq 1 hspace 1 3ex leq amp hspace 1 3ex newcommand eqnle 1 hspace 1 3ex le amp hspace 1 3ex newcommand eqngeq 1 hspace 1 3ex geq amp hspace 1 3ex newcommand eqnge amp hspace 1 3ex ge amp hspace 1 3ex newcommand eqn11 1 hspace 1 3ex 11 amp
104. mbox cmrmx symbol 1 newcommand cmrmsymb 1 mbox cmrmxi symbol 1 newcommand cmrmsymc 1 mbox cmrmxii symbol 1 Computer modern italics newcommand cmitsyma 1 mbox cmitx symbol 1 newcommand cmitsymb 1 mbox cmitxi symbol 1 newcommand cmitsymc 1 mbox cmitxii symbol 1 Computer modern upright italics newcommand cmupitsyma 1 mbox cmupitx symbol 1 newcommand cmupitsymb 1 mbox cmupitxi symbol 1 newcommand cmupitsymc 1 mbox cmupitxii symbol 1 Computer modern slanted roman newcommand cmslrmsyma 1 mbox cmslrmx symbol 1 newcommand cmslrmsymb 1 mbox cmslrmxi symbol 1 newcommand cmslrmsymc 1 mbox cmslrmxii symbol 1 Computer modern caps and small caps newcommand cmscsyma 1 mbox cmscx symbol 1 newcommand cmscsymb 1 mbox cmscxi symbol 1 newcommand cmscsymc 1 mbox cmscxii symbol 1 145 Here sym stands for symbol a b and c indicate the size are 10pt 11pt and 12pt Because the other four newfonts are actually the same as rm Nit sl and sc in IATEX I just give you the two exceptions in the Vit font given in Section 8 2 2 as examples here to let you know what you can get when you use them otherwise you can use all character numbers of the useful symbols listed in Se
105. n 8 2 2 which have not been used for the special symbols in the computer modern typewriter extension font there are only 2 symbols which are different from the normal typewriter font Examples cmttexsyma 0 0 0 cmttexsyma 32 40 20 8 2 6 Computer modern fonts sans serif series For all newfonts defined in Section symbols more convenient Computer modern sans serif 8 1 4 I defined the following newcommands in order to use their special newcommand cmsfsyma 1 mbox cmsfx symbol 1 newcommand cmsfsymb 1 mbox cmsfxi symbol 1 newcommand cmsfsymc 1 mbox cmsfxii symbol 1 Computer modern bold sans serif newcommand cmbfsfsyma 1 mbox cmbfsfx symbol 1 newcommand cmbfsfsymb 1 mbox cmbfsfxi symbol 1 newcommand cmbfsfsymc 1 mbox cmbfsfxii symbol 1 150 Computer modern Semi bold sans serif newcommand cmsbfsfsyma 1 1 mbox cmsbfsfx symbol 1 newcommand cmsbfsfsymb 1 mbox cmsbfsfxi symbol 1 newcommand cmsbfsfsymc 1 mbox cmsbfsfxii symbol 1 Computer modern slanted sans serif newcommand cmslsfsyma 1 mbox cmslsfx symbol 1 newcommand cmslsfsymb 1 mbox cmslsfxi symbol 1 newcommand cmslsfsymc 1 mbox cmslsfxii symbol 1 Note here that I didn t defined newcommands for the computer modern sans serif qu
106. nd YounghbX 4 Young 1 1 2 2 mhpbox 2 2 mhpbox 1 3 4 newcommand YounghcX 5 Young 1 1 2 3 mhpbox 3 2 mhpbox 2 3 mhpbox 1 4 5 newcommand YounghdX 6 Young 1 1 2 4 mhpbox 4 2 mhpbox 3 3 mhpbox 2 4 mhpbox 1 5 6 87 newcommand YoungheX 7 Young 1 1 2 5 mhpbox 5 2 mhpbox 4 3 mhpbox 3 4 mhpbox 2 5 mhpbox 1 6 7 newcommand Younghf X 8 Young 1 42 6 mhpbox 6 2 mhpbox 5 3 mhpbox 4 4 mhpbox 3 5 mhpbox 2 6 mhpbox 1 7 sy newcommand YounghgX 9 Young 1 1 2 7 mhpbox 7 2 mhpbox 6 3 mhpbox 5 4 mhpbox 4 5 mhpbox 3 6 mhpbox 2 7 mhpbox 1 8 9 newcommand mhpbox 2 multiput 1 1 1 0 2 usebox Youngbox Here the argument 1 for commands YounghaX YounghbX YounghgX is the width of the place where you put your boxes and have to be given with its unit the h means that the general form of these boxes is horizonal the a b or g indicates the number of row for 1 2 or 7 and the X means that you can use the following newcommand to label some of the boxes Definition newcommand Younglabel 2 put 1 makebox 1 1 2 Thus the first of the four examples above can be rewritten as E
107. nd center 2a A sample picture 10 Chapter 2 Mathematical Symbols I defined pretty lots of newcommands for long series of commands which I used very often and a few newcommands for some special functions in my clshan math package I will give you my new commands explain their names to help you better to remember these commands I will also give you examples for these newcommands 2 1 Special functions Some special functions have not been defined in TAT X e g sech or csch I defined a part of them not all of them when I had to use such functions First the two hyperbolic functions mentioned above have been defined as following respectively Definitions newcommand sech rm sech newcommand sechx 1 rm sech Vhspace 0 375ex 1 newcommand sechn 1 rm sech7 1 newcommand sechnx 2 rm sech 1 hspace 0 385ex 2 newcommand csch rm csch newcommand cschx 1 Arm csch hspace 0 375ex 1 newcommand cschn 1 rm csch7 1 newcommand cschnx 2 rm csch 1 hspace 0 385ex 2 Here I defined two commands sech and sechx for sech function Because for the other IXT X defined special functions the space between the function sech and the argument such like x is a little bigger than that between sech and the argument for example x Meanwhile I also defined two commands sechn and sechnx for powers of the sech f
108. nd improved some definitions in Sections 2 14 and 6 4 In Version 07 1 0 I wrote the clshan color package for using different colors for text and background in Chapter 7 and the clshan font package for using some special type fonts and some special symbols defined in these fonts in Chapter 8 In Version 07 1 1 I improved the definitions of the newcommands for using the special symbols in the different type fonts in the clshan font package Section 8 2 in order to ensure that these symbols can be shown correctly in the math mode In Version 07 1 2 I improved some definitions of the newcommands for changing equation numbers in the clshan math package Section 1 4 in order to ensure that these commands do not produce extra undesirable space In Version 10 1 0 I added some newcommands for typing different number of letters together under a slash sign in Section 2 13 In Versions 11 1 0 11 1 01 and 11 1 1 I added some new defined colors in the clshan color package Chapter 17 Meanwhile Section 9 1 has been updated according to the modification of the definitions of the special newcommands used in this User s Guide Chapter 1 Abbreviations I defined some abbreviations for the long commands which have been used very often in my clshan math package 1 1 displaystyle and textstyle Sometimes I want to use textstyle in a e
109. newcommand cmbfsysymb newcommand cmbfsysymc 1 1 1 mbox cmbfsyx symbol 1 mbox cmbfsyxi symbol 1 mbox cmbfsyxii symbol 1 I give you the character numbers of the useful symbols under the cmmathitsym and the cmmathbfsym commands Examples dg cmmathitsyma 0 00 0 A cmmathitsyma 1 L1 1 O cmmathitsyma 2 22h 2 A cmmathitsyma 3 23 3 Z cmmathitsyma 4 4 4 I cmmathitsyma 5 05 5 X cmmathitsyma 6 06 6 Y cmmathitsyma 7 17 7 o Ncmmathitsyma 8 710 8 y cmmathitsyma 9 111 9 2 cmmathitsyma 10 712 A cmmathitsyma 44 754 2C cmmathitsyma 45 755 2D cmmathitsyma 127 7177 7F cmmathitsyma 126 7176 7E Actually you can also use the cmitsym b or the cmbfsym commands instead of the cmmathitsym or the Acmmathbfsym ones to type the greek capital letters On the other hand there is no special symbol which must be typed or can be typed only under the Ncmsysym b and the cmbfsysym 153 commands 8 2 9 AMS mathematical symbols A For the AMS mathematical symbols A font defined in Section 8 1 7 I defined the following newcommands in order to use its special symbols more convenient AMS Mathematical Symbol A newcommand amssyasyma newcommand amssyasymb newcommand amss
110. newcommand theequation 1 arabic equation 2 newcommand cheqnXN 2 addtocounterfequation 2 renewcommand theequation 1 arabic equation newcommand cheqnXNx 3 addtocounter equation 2 renewcommand theequation 1 arabic equation 3 newcommand cheqnXa 1 renewcommand theequation 1 arabic equation a newcommand cheqnXb 11 addtocounterfequation 1 renewcommand theequation 1 arabic equation b newcommand cheqnXc 11 addtocounterfequation 1 renewcommand theequation 1 arabic equation c where the X indicates that you can have to give a name for these equations for example the def above Note here that whether there the X N and x is and their order in these newcommands can remind you how to give the arguments For the two equations above I can use the following three commands Examples cheqnXNx def 3 a cheqnXb def cheqnX def Because we usually use the commands cheqn and cheqnX to change the label of the equation number back I also gave each of them an other name Definitions newcommand reeqn renewcommand theequation arabic equation newcommand reeqnX 1 renewcommand theequation 1 arabic equation where the re stands for return Then the two examples above can be rewritten as Examples cheqnNx 3 a cheqnb reeqn cheqnXNx def 3 a cheqnXb
111. ns serif newcommand wcsfsyma 1 mbox wcsfx symbol 1 newcommand wcsfsymb 1 mbox wesfxi symbol 1 newcommand wcsfsymc 1 mbox wcsfxii symbol 1 164 Washington cyrillic caps and small caps newcommand wcscsyma newcommand wcscsymb newcommand wcscsymc 1 mbox wcscx symbol 1 1 mbox wescxi symbol 1 1 mbox wescxii symbol 1 Examples Jb wermsyma 1 D1 1 wcrmsyma 9 Du 9 Ib wermsyma 0 70 0 m wcrmsyma 8 10 8 FO wcrmsyma 16 20 10 10 wermsyma 24 730 18 wermsyma 94 136 5E B wermsyma 35 43 23 b Xwcrmsyma1126 11767 7E b Awcrmsymaf43 53 2B b wcrmsyma 95 137 BF b wcrmsyma 127 177 7F B wcrmsyma 6 6 6 b wermsyma 14 16 E h wcrmsyma 7 DT 7 h Wwermsymal15 17 F 2 wermsyma 3 3 3 a Awcrmsyma 11 013 B wcrmsyma 5 5 5 wermsyma 13 715 D Ul wcrmsyma 2 72 2 4 wcrmsyma 10 12 Ay A Nwcrmsyma 23 27 17 A Nwcrmsyma 31 1377 1F 165 AE Wwcrmsyma 17 21 11 K wcrmsyma 25 031 19 wcrmsyma 18 022 12 it Nwcrmsyma 26 32 1A V wcrmsyma 20 24 14 y Nwcrmsyma 28 034 1C wcrmsyma 21 125 15 o wcrmsyma 29 135 1B I wcrmsyma 4 4 4 i wormsyma 12 14 C E wermsyma 1
112. nt cmttx cmtt10 newfont cmttxi cmtt10 scaled magstephalf newfont cmttxii cmtt12 Computer modern italic typewriter newfont cmitttx cmitt10 newfont cmitttxi cmitt10 scaled magstephalf newfont cmitttxii cmitt10 scaled magstep1 Computer modern slanted typewriter newfont cmslttx cmsltt10 newfont cmslttxi cmsltt10 scaled magstephalf newfont cmslttxii cmsltt10 scaled magstep1i Computer modern caps and small caps typewriter newfont cmscttx cmtcsc10 newfont cmscttxi cmtcsc10 scaled magstephalf newfont cmscttxii cmtcsc10 scaled Wmagstep1 Computer modern variable typewriter newfont cmvttx cmvtt10 newfont cmvttxi cmvtt10 scaled magstephalf newfont cmvttxii cmvtt10 scaled magstep1 132 Computer modern typewriter extension newfont cmttexx cmtex10 newfont cmttexxi cmtex10 scaled magstephalf newfont cmttexxii cmtex10 scaled magstep1 Cy Here tt stands for typewriter v and ex stand for variable and extension Examples cmttx Computer modern typewriter 8 9 10 12 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopgrstuvwxyz 1234567890 cmitttx Computer modern italic typewriter 10 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvuzyz 1234567890 Ncmslttx Computer modern slanted typewriter 10 ABCDEFGHIJKLMN
113. odgerblue royalblue royalblue slateblue PE gt 3M slateblue 7 1 4 Violet series I defined the following 7 colors for violet magenta series Definitions definecolor plum rgb 0 87 0 63 0 87 DDAODD definecolor violet rgb 0 93 0 51 0 93 7 EES2EE definecolor magenta rgb 1 0 1 J h FFOOFF definecolor mediumpurple rgb 0 58 0 44 0 85 9370D8 definecolor blueviolet rgb 0 54 0 17 0 89 8A2BE2 definecolor darkviolet rgb 0 58 0 0 83 7 9400D3 definecolor purple rgb 0 5 O 0 5 800080 Examples plum violet EE vo magenta Fo magenta mediumpurple mediumpurple bineviolet EE i darkviolet Po darkviolet 7 1 5 Yellow series I defined the following 5 colors for yellow series 118 Definitions definecolor verypaleyellow rgb 1 1 0 8 FFFFCC definecolor yellow rgb i1 1 0 J h FFFFOO definecolor gold rgb 1 0 84 O 4 FFD700 definecolor goldenrod rgb 0 85 0 65 0 13 DAA520 def inecolor darkgoldenrod rgb 0 72 0 53 0 04 B8860B Examples verypaleyellow goldenrod Fo goldenrod darkgoldenrod darkgoldenrod 7 1 6 White black series Moreover I also defined the following 10 colors for white black series Definitions definecolor white rgb 1 3 i s 7 HFFFFFF definecolor gainsboro rgb 0 86 0 86 0 86 DCDC
114. ols B For the AMS mathematical symbols B font defined in Section order to use its special symbols more convenient AMS Mathematical Symbol B 8 1 7 I defined the following newcommands in newcommand amssybsyma newcommand amssybsymb newcommand amssybsymc 11 mbox amssybx symbol 1 1 mbox amssybxi symbol 1 1 mbox amssybxii symbol 1 Examples fl amssybsyma 54 166 367 yg amssybsyma 55 1 67 37 amssybsyma 53 65 357 Pa amssybsyma 52 64 347 amssybsyma 56 70 387 gt amssybsyma 57 71 397 amssybsyma 61 75 3D lt 4 amssybsyma 58 072 3A p gt amssybsyma 59 73 3B lt p amssybsyma 60 74 3C amssybsyma 4 4 4 A amssybsyma 5 75 5 amssybsyma 10 212 A z amssybsyma 11 213 B 159 amssybsyma 2 T2 2 2 amssybsyma 3 gt 3 3 amssybsyma 20 24 14 Zz Namssybsyma 21 25 15 lt amssybsyma 12 14 EJ gt Namssybsyma 13 15 D lt amssybsyma 0 0 0 Namssybsyma 1 1 1 amssybsyma 8 10 A gt amssybsyma 9 Pi B lt Namssybsyma 18 22 12 z amssybsyma 19 23 13 amssybsyma 26 032 1A Pa amssybsyma 27 33 1B A amssybsyma 6 6 6 y Namssybsyma 7 7 7 A amssybsyma 14 016 E y Namssybsyma 15 OD17 F 2 amssybsym
115. ons newcommand aPp 2 left frac partial 1 partial 2 right newcommand aPPp 2 left frac partial72 1 partial 272 right newcommand aPPpp 3 left frac partial72 tiMipartial 2 partial 3 right newcommand aPpn 3 left frac partial7 3 1 partial 27 3 right newcommand bPp 2 left frac partial 1 partial 2 right newcommand bPPp 2 left frac partial72 1 partial 2 72 right newcommand bPPpp 3 left frac partial 2 1 partial 2 partial 3 right newcommand bPpn 3 left frac partial 3 1 partial 827 83 right newcommand cPp 2 left frac partial 1 partial 2 right 7 newcommand cPPp 2 left fractApartial 2 1 partial 2 72 right newcommand cPPpp 3 left frac partial72 1 partial 2 partial 3 right newcommand cPpn 3 left frac partial7 3 1 partial 827 83 right gt newcommand vPp 2 left frac partial 1 partial 2 right gt newcommand vPPp 2 left frac partial72 1 partial 2 72 right newcommand vPPpp 3 left frac partial 2 1 partial 2 partial 3 right newcommand vPpn 3 left frac partial 3 1 partial 82783 right newcommand nPp 2 left Vert frac partial 1 partial 2 right Vert newcommand nPPp 2 left Vert frac
116. ont cmbfx newfont cmbfxi newfont cmbfxii cmb10 cmb10 scaled magstephalf cmb10 scaled magstep1 Computer modern bold roman newfont cmbfrmx cmbx10 newfont cmbfrmxi cmbx10 scaled magstephalf newfont cmbfrmxii cmbx12 Computer modern bold italics newfont cmbfitx cmbxti10 newfont cmbfitxi cmbxti10 scaled magstephalf newfont cmbfitxii cmbxti10 scaled magstep1 Computer modern bold slanted roman newfont cmbfslrmx newfont cmbfslrmxi newfont cmbfslrmxii cmbxs110 cmbxs110 scaled magstephalf cmbxs110 scaled magstep1 Here bf stands for bold face Examples cmbfx Computer modern bold 10 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 cmbfrmx Computer modern bold roman 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 cmbfitx Computer modern bold italics 10 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopgrstuvwcyz 1234567890 131 cmbfslrmx Computer modern bold slanted roman 10 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPORSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopgrstuvwxyz 1234567890 8 1 3 Computer modern fonts typewriter series I defined the following 6 different typewriter Nnewfonts and the computer modern typewriter font is the usual typewriter font tt in IATEX Computer modern typewriter newfo
117. otation and the computer modern sans serif quotation inclined fonts For all newcommands defined here you can use all character numbers of the useful symbols listed in Section 8 2 1 with no exceptions 8 2 7 Computer modern fonts some funny fonts For all newfonts defined in Section symbols more convenient Computer modern funny roman 8 1 5 I defined the following newcommands in order to use their special newcommand cmfurmsyma 1 mbox cmfurmx symbol 1 newcommand cmfurmsymb 1 mbox cmfurmxi symbol 1 newcommand cmfurmsymc 1 mbox cmfurmxii symbol 1 Computer modern funny italics newcommand cmfuitsyma 1 mbox cmfuitx symbol 1 newcommand cmfuitsymb 1 mbox cmfuitxi symbol 1 newcommand cmfuitsymc 1 mbox cmfuitxii symbol 1 Computer modern Dunhill newcommand cmdunsyma 1 mbox cmdunx symbol 1 newcommand cmdunsymb 1 mbox cmdunxi symbol 1 newcommand cmdunsymc 1 mbox cmdunxii symbol 1 Note here that I didn t defined newcommands for the computer modern Fibnocci font For all newcommands defined here you can use all character numbers of the useful symbols listed in Section 8 2 1 but the three Acmfuitsym commands have the 2 exceptions given in Section 8 2 2 as in the it font 151 Examples T cmfurmsyma 11 713 B
118. ource and g g2 and b b2 are the values of green and blue light sources respectively What I had to do is just choosing a color rewriting its value of red green or blue from the hexadecimal presentation to the decimal system and then dividing 255 to obtain the suitable ratio from 0 to 1 Please note that first before use my clshan color package you have to use the color package usepackage color clshan color second all color names and newcommands defined in my clshan color package begin with a lowercase letter 113 7 1 Definitions of some often used colors 7 1 1 Red series I defined the following 17 colors for red series Definitions definecolor red rgb 1 0 O F FF0000 definecolor brilliantred rgb 1 0 28 0 28 7 FF4848 definecolor darkred rgb 0 55 O 0 F 8B0000 definecolor orange rgb 1 0 65 0 FFA500 definecolor darkorange rgb 1 gt 0 55 0 h FF8C00 definecolor orangered rgb 1 0 27 0 h FF4500 def inecolor salmon rgb 0 98 0 5 0 45 FA8072 definecolor coral rgb 1 0 5 0 31 FF7F50 definecolor tomato rgb 1 0 39 0 28 FF6347 definecolor palerose rgb 1 0 76 0 88 y HFFC2EO Mlefinecolor pink rgb 1 0 75 0 80 FFCOCB definecolor hotpink rgb 1 0 41 0 71 7 FF69B4 definecolor deeppink rgb 1 0 08 0 58 FF1493 definecolor crimson rgb
119. pace 2 25ex amp hspace 2 25ex Note that if you set one another size as your usual size for the equations on the slides perhaps you have to correct my corrections Finally when I putted an equation directly under a title such like e Rate equation of the WIMP nucleus elastic scattering A a U ec 79 7 AF O o Because the height of this equation is higher than that of a normal text this equation will push the title upwards This means that this title will be higher than the other one on the previous or the next slide When I go through these pages the bullet will be seen a small shift first upwards and then downwards I don t like this shift My solution for this shift problem is insert one line with just one space between the title and the equation then shift this equation upwards For this solution I defined the following newcommand Definitions newcommand eqdown 1 amp N vspace 1cm Note that you have to give a minus distance as the argument for this command to pull the equation upwards although I used the word down Because the total effect of the command is to push the equation downwards in order to let the title not be pushed upwards Example eqdown 0 3 6 2 Redefining the newcommands for the eqnarray environment in Sec tion 1 3 Like what I did for the amp and the commands in Section 6 1 I have to readjust the width of the space on both side
120. pscript and subscript respectively Note here that the newcommand for Of is Sp f not sp f Because sp and sb have been defined in IATRX for supscript and subscript Examples Of ap f 9 f apu f x sf apd f Hx 49 Of x y bp f x y 0 f z y bpuff x y x Oxf x y bpd f x y Hz Of x y cp f x y 0 f x y cpu f x y x Oxf x y cpd f x y Hz l f vp f 0 f vpu f Hx Ox f vpd x l f np f llo f npu f x 10 f npd x vof Sp f JO f spu f x Oz f spd f x Similar to my A B C V N system for enlarging of the fractions and differentiations I defined some newcommands to enlarge the brackets and the norm suck like Of a y and f Definitions newcommand Ap 1 Big partial 1 Big 4 newcommand Apu 2 Big partial 2 1 Mig newcommand Apd 21 Big partial_ 2 1 Big newcommand Bp 1 Big partial 1 MBig l 4 newcommand Bpu 2 Big partial 2 1 Big newcommand Bpd 2 Big partial_ 2 1 Big newcommand Cp 1 Big Xpartial 1 Big newcommand Cpu 2 ABigM partial 2 1 Big newcommand Cpd 2 Big partial_ 2 1 Big 50 newcommand Vp 1 Big partial 1 Big newcommand Vpu 2 Big partial 2 1 Big
121. quation numbers which I actually need So I must invert the above process delete some couples of XL and and then replace them to begin equation and end equation It is too tired and seems stupid Hence I defined these two commands for and Then I just need to delete or add an N Moreover I defined Definition newcommand non nonumber and Definitions renewcommand amp 1 hspace 1 3ex renewcommand 1 hspace 1 3ex amp hspace 1 3ex for the eqnarray environment Because the space on the both sides of the sign in the eqnarray environment is too large and I want that they have the same width as in the equation environment Furthermore I defined Definition renewcommand M gt for a smaller space than 7 Note here that I redefined these three commands the only three commands which I redefined amp and their original definitions are amp a and But I thought that it is pretty natural to use such names for the newcommands which have been considered to replace the commands amp amp and 7 On the other hand I use their original definitions in fact very seldom Thus these definitions are very convenient for me and when I need to type amp a and like here I can use the following replacements Symbols Original commands in IATEX My replacements amp amp Nsymbol 38 a a bar rm a a Vilar tilde r
122. quation to reduce the size of some big parts of this equation such like sinh 2K 2 Ka to sinh 2Ka 2V Ka and sometimes I want to use displaystyle in a table or an array environment to remain the size of some elements for example a b 2 a 25 b 2 as Pm lazy to type a long command and it is also easy to make a typing mistake Hence I defined two abbreviations for them Definitions newcommand D displaystyle newcommand T textstyle 1 2 equation and eqnarray environments For the equation and eqnarray environments with equation numbers I defined the following abbreviations Definitions newcommand beq beginfequation newcommand eeq end equation 1 newcommand beqn beginfeqnarray newcommand eeqn end eqnarray On the other hand for cases without equation numbers I added an N to indicate no number Definitions newcommand beqN A y newcommand eeqN newcommand beqnN beginfeqnarray newcommand eeqnN end eqnarray It seems a little more complicated to define longer commands for and But sometimes I used the equation environment at first and then found that there are too many equation numbers I decided to reduce the number of equation and deleted some couples of begin equation and end equation and replace them to XL and M However I found later that I have deleted some e
123. r Chapter 6 the clshan color Chapter 7 and the clshan font Chapter 8 packages and to use them conveniently You can just take my definitions of these newcommands if you like them Or if you have some better ideas you can also modify some of my definitions to your favorite style By the way if you want please share me your good ideas On the other hand you have two ways to use my whole packages If you just use TX 2 09 you have to delete or at least add a at the beginning of the second and the third lines ProvidesPackage clshan xxxxxx and NeedsTeXFormat LaTeX2e in the sty files and save them as tex files Then you can copy or link the tex files in the dictionary in which you work and input or include them to your own files If you use TATEX 2e instead of ATEX 2 09 you use documentclass instead of documentstyle in the first line of your TAT X files it must be a better and more convenient way to use the usepackage clshan xxxxxx com mand If you use WinEdt with MiKTeX to compile your tex files you can put the clshan xxxxxx sty files in a for example C VMMiKTeXXtexXMlatexXclshan dictionary and then open the MiKTeX Options in the Accessories in the WinEdt Toolbar to Refresh the Files name database Then you can use the usepackage clshan xxxxxx command directly Finally if you find this User s Guide to CLShanCommands too thick to read since Version 4 0 it is already more than one hundred pages and just want a qui
124. rad family I have Definitions newcommand aGrad 1 left nabla 1 right newcommand aGradu 2 left Nnabla H2 1 right y newcommand aGradd 21 left nabla_ 2 1 right 55 newcommand bGrad 1 left nabla 1 right newcommand bGradu 2 left Nnabla H2 1 right newcommand bGradd 21 left nabla_ 2 1 right newcommand cGrad 1 left f nabla 1 right gt newcommand cGradu 2 left Nnabla H2 1 right newcommand cGradd 2 left nabla_ 2 1 right newcommand vGrad 1 left nabla 1 right newcommand vGradu 2 left Nnabla H2 1 right newcommand vGradd 2 left nabla_ 2 1 right newcommand nGrad 1 left Vert nabla 1 right Vert newcommand nGradu 2 left Vert nabla 2 1 right Vert newcommand nGradd 2 left Vert nabla_ 2 1 right Vert newcommand sGrad 1 sqrt nabla 1 bob newcommand sGradu 2 sqrt nabla 2 1 bob newcommand sGradd 2 sqrt 4 nabla_ 2 1 6 Examples Vf aGrad f vf aGradu f x Vif aGradd f Hx V fe y bGrad f x y V f x y bGraduff x y Hx Vif z y bGradd f x y x Vf x y cGrad f x y V f a y XcGradutf x y x Vif x y cGradd f x y x 56 IV f vGrad f vVef vGradu f x Va
125. s of each binary relation defined in Section 1 3 for using the beamer class so that you can copy the formulae directly from your papers or notes and paste them in the beamer files without changing anything But let me remind you again you must use the clshan math package before using the clshan beamer package Definitions renewcommand eqnneq 1 hspace 2 25ex neq amp hspace 2 25ex renewcommand eqnne 1 hspace 2 25ex ne amp hspace 2 25ex renewcommand eqnleq 1 hspace 2 25ex Meg amp hspace 2 25ex renewcommand eqnle 1 hspace 2 25ex Me hspace 2 25ex 98 renewcommand eqngeq amp hspace 2 25ex geq amp hspace 2 25ex renewcommand eqnge 1 hspace 2 25ex Age hspace 2 25ex renewcommand eqn11 1 hspace 2 25ex M11 amp hspace 2 25ex renewcommand eqngg 1 hspace 2 25ex gg amp hspace 2 25ex renewcommand eqnequiv 1 hspace 2 25ex equiv amp hspace 2 25ex renewcommand eqndoteq 1 hspace 2 25ex doteq amp hspace 2 25ex renewcommand eqncong 1 hspace 2 25ex cong amp hspace 2 25ex renewcommand eqnapprox 1 hspace 2 25ex approx amp hspace 2 25ex renewcommand eqnsimeq 1 hspace 2 25ex simeq amp hspace 2 25ex renewcommand eqnsim 1 hspace 2 25ex sim amp hspace 2 25ex renewcommand eqnpropto 1 hspace 2 25ex
126. slateblue 7 2 4 Violet series Definitions newcommand plum newcommand violet newcommand magenta textcolor plum textcolor violet textcolor magenta newcommand mediumpurple newcommand blueviolet newcommand darkviolet textcolor mediumpurple textcolor blueviolet textcolor darkviolet newcommand purple textcolor purple Examples Nplum plum violet violet violet magenta magenta magenta mediumpurple mediumpurple mediumpurple blueviolet blueviolet blueviolet darkviolet darkviolet darkviolet purple purple purple 125 7 2 5 Yellow series Definitions newcommand verypaleyellow newcommand yellow textcolor verypaleyellow textcolor yellow newcommand gold newcommand goldenrod newcommand darkgoldenrod textcolor gold textcolor goldenrod textcolor darkgoldenrod Examples verypaleyellow verypaleyellow yellow yellow yellow gold gold gold goldenrod goldenrod goldenrod darkgoldenrod darkgoldenrod darkgoldenrod 7 2 6 White black series Definitions newcommand white newcommand gainsboro textcolor white textcolor gainsboro newcommand silver textcolor silver newcommand gray textcolor gray newcommand grey textcolor grey newcommand dimgray newcommand dim
127. spx newfont euspxi newfont euspxii f eusm10 feusm10 scaled feusm10 scaled magstephalf Nmagstep1 AMS Euler bold scripts newfont eubfspx eusb10 newfont eubfspxi eusb10 scaled magstephalf newfont eubfspxii eusb10 scaled magstep1 Here eu stands for Euler fr and sp stand for fraktur and scripts Examples eurmx AMS Euler roman 10 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPORSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopgrstuvwxyz 1234567890 Neubfrmx AMS Euler bold roman 10 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPORSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopgrstuvwxyz 1234567890 Neufrx AMS Euler fraktur 10 ABEDEFSEHTITFROMNOPORSTUVWEY 5 abcdefghijt mnopqrstuvwry3 1234567890 139 eubffrx AMS Euler bold frattur 10 ABECDEFEHITIFROMMNOPORSTUBW KEYS abcdOefghij tlumnopqrstuvprwry sg 1234567890 AMS Euler scripts 10 euspx ABCDEFGHIDJGKLMNOPORSTUVWKXYZ AMS Euler bold scripts 10 eubfspx ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQORSTUVWXYS Note that in the AMS Euler scripts and AMS Euler bold scripts fonts there are only the capital letters 8 1 9 Washington cyrillic fonts Actually I have never need some slavic letters but it is for sure not bad to define some newfonts in a package for some people who perhaps needs them sometimes Washington cyrillic roman newfont wcrmx wncyr10 newf ont wcrmxi wncyr10 scaled magstephalf newfont wcrmxii wncyr
128. st be given in unit of cm but without the unit Note that I didn t define this command in the center environment because I have to reserve this degree of freedom to combine this command with the flushleft or the flushright environment You can find the advantage of the reservation of this degree of freedom later So with this command you can just get a frame in perhaps left side of one slide If you want to put this frame in the center of the text you need to begin the center environment 100 Example begin center picframe 4 3 dRdQ end center If you want to put two pictures in one row you must consider about whether these two pictures have the same width If two frames have more or less the same width you can use this newcommand Definition newcommand picdframe 6 vspace 0 3cm begin columnsonlytextwidth columnright 2 picframe 3 4 5 columncenter 1 7 hspace 0 6cm columnleft 1 2 picframe 3 4 6 end columnsonlytextwidth vspace 0O 1cm Here the arguments have been defined as Arguments 1 space width between these two frames 2 common column width 3 common width of the two frames 4 common height of the two frames 5 name of the left frame 6 name of the right frame 1 2 x 2 text width default 10 8 cm my personal 11 8 cm Lengths must be given in unit of cm but without the unit Note here th
129. st for font Definitions newcommand argst tabt Arguments 1 3 p 8 925cm newcommand mast newcommand masc vspace 1icm tabt 1 1 p 5cm p 3 5cm tabc 1 1 p Scm p 3 5cm 168 newcommand fontt 1 lt tabt rm 1 1 8 p 5 cm p 0 5cm p 10 2cm newcommand fontc 1 vspace 0 5cm tabt rm 1 1 8 Ip 5 cm p 0 5cm p 10 2cm Here arg stands for argument Definitions newcommand mb 1 makebox 2 5cm c displaystyle 1 newcommand mbtext 1 makebox 2 5cm c 1 newcommand cb 1 CH amp colorbox 1 textcolor 1 booo0c00000000y textcolor 1 1 Here mb and cb stand for makebox and colorbox respectively Definitions newcommand Caps ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXY2Z newcommand atoz fabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxy z newcommand Nums 11234567890 newcommand Cm Computer modern newcommand cm computer modern newcommand AMSE AMS Euler newcommand Wc Washington cyrillic 9 2 ignore and switch If you typed a long text but don t want to use for a while you can use a or even lots of to set this paragraph as a comment But it is certainly a better idea to use a command such like ignore to let the typeset program ignore this text Then you can save pretty much time in which you type and delete th
130. t I defined at first Typewriter newcommand ttsym 1 mbox tt symbol 1 Note that I used the mbox command here and the rest of this section in order to ensure that these symbols can be shown correctly in the math mode As examples I give you here the exceptions in the typewriter font Examples T ttsym 11 13 B y ttsym 12 14 C ttsym 13 157 D i ttsym 14 216 E i Nttsym 15 17 F ttsym 123 173 7B y ttsym 125 175 7D ti ttsym 32 40 20 ttsym 95 137 5F ttsym 92 134 5C ttsym 124 174 7C Although the characters number 14 and 15 are also exceptions in the typewriter font but you can actually type them easily by using tt and tt On the other hand there are also 2 exceptions in the italics font Examples s Nit symbo1 36 Nit symbo1 38 gt 44 046 24 26 and 5 exceptions in the small caps font Examples 144 sc symbol 11 13 B sc symbol 12 14 C sc symbol 13 15 D i sc symbo1 14 16 E i sc symbol 15 17 F 8 2 3 Computer modern fonts upright and inclined fonts For all newfonts defined in Section 8 1 1 I defined the following newcommands in order to use their special symbols more convenient Computer modern roman newcommand cmrmsyma 1
131. t a box and or the pboxX to put a box with a label therein The expression of the position of a box is just like in the coordinate plane the box in the bottom left corner is 1 1 and the box in the top right corner is nz Ny As example I give you here the commands for the four Young Tableaux above Examples Young 3 cm 4 2 pbox 1 2 pbox 1 1 pboxX 2 2 3 pbox 3 2 pbox 4 2 86 Young 2 cm 2 3 pbox 1 3 pboxX 2 3 3 pbox 1 2 pbox 1 1 Young 2 cm 2 2 pbox 1 2 pboxX 2 2 c XpboxX1 1 1 H a ApboxX1 2 1 H b Young 2 5cm 3 3 pbox 1 3 pbox 2 3 pbox 3 3 c pbox 1 2 pboxX 2 2 b pboxX 1 1 a 4 2 Putting the boxes row by row or column by column As mentioned above the combination of the Young command with the pbox and pboxX commands is not simple enough for me Thus I took almost two days for finding a better solution After that now you have the following newcommands to draw the Young Tableaux row by row or column by column 4 2 1 Young Tableaux with a horizontal form For a Young Tableaux having generally a horizontal form or in other words nz gt ny e g the first one of the four examples above it is better to draw it row by row with the following newcommands Definitions newcommand YounghaX 3 Young 1 2 1 mhpbox 1 2 3 newcomma
132. t to be between 0 and 0 1 Lengths must be given in unit of cm but without the unit So you can use the following command to rewrite the equation above Example cancel sqrt Q left right 3 32 2 3 0 05 and get that VO pa a ot ir o 2 15 Miscellaneous For the geometry we need some expressions such like AB or Aarg I m too lazy to type long commands but like to give then a new and shorter name Definitions newcommand Line overline newcommand arg UNI Examples AB Line AB Aarg A_ arg Similarly I also defined a shorter newcommand for the summation symbol with two subscripts Definition newcommand sumd 2 sum_ stackrel scriptstyle 1 2 where the d stands for double subscripts Example Mz sumd i 1 i ne j N So MK Il Sm 71 72 Chapter 3 Matrices I defined a few basic matrices in quantum mechanics and high energy physics in my clshan matrix package 3 1 Identity matrices The 2 x 2 3 x 3 and 4 x 4 identity matrices 1 0 L Identityb 0 1 1 0 0 L 0 1 0 Mdentityc 0 0 1 1 0 O 0 0 1 0 0 L Identityd 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 have been defined as following Definitions newcommand Identityb renewcommand arraystretch 1 5 left begin array c c 17 amp 70M 07 amp 1 end array right 73 new
133. tebook is six one half years old and seems to be tired to work with pictures Second sometimes I know I will give a picture at this place but in this moment I don t have this picture Hence It is useful to define some newcommands to simply draw some frames to reserve the places in which I will put pictures Definition newcommand picframe 3 setlength unitlength 1cm begin picture 1 2 Nput O 0 line 1 0 1 Nput O 0 line 0 1 2 Nput 0 2 line 1 0 1 put 1 0 line 0 1 2 put O 0 makebox 1 2 3 end picture Note here that first I will also use this picframe as a basic command for defining the other newcommands later Second I set the unit length of drawing the picture frame to be 1 cm in order to combine the picframe command suitable with my columncenter columnleft and columnright commands defined in the last section and hence all arguments of the newcommands defined here and in the rest of this chapter for widths and heights must be given in unit of cm and the unit cm must be neglected Third for each newcommand defined here and in the rest of this chapter I will give you a list of its arguments and an example to let you know how to use these commands without understanding the definitions of these newcommands Arguments 1 width of this frame 2 height of this frame 3 a name to remain you which picture should be here Lengths mu
134. u just need to use the pdflatexepsain command See the example for the picframe command For two eps images you need the pdflatexepsain and the pdflatexepsbin commands See the example for the pgfuseimage command 111 112 Chapter 7 Colors In IXT X we have the following basic colors magenta P magenta white It should be enough for writing scientific papers or even books But for writing transparencies and slides there could be two problems first the green above is too bright at least for me second 7 different colors excluding white may be for some people too less Hence since long time ago I tried to define some new colors But it is pretty difficult for me to find suitable combinations of the red green and blue colors namely the rgb system Fortunately wenn I learned the HTML language for building my own web site I found a list of 147 dif ferent color names with a hexadecimal notation for the combination of red green and blue color values http www w3schools com html html_colornames asp Now I have the right combinations of the rgb system and I know what kind of colors these combinations will produce In the following section I will give you my definitions of some often used colors and their hexadecimal values presented as Hrir28182b1b2 where the r r2 from 00 to FF means from 0 to 255 in our usual decimal system is the value of red light s
135. ual I used here the capital B and K for the cases with larger arguments Examples bra psi ab ket psi Bra psi 0 U Ket psi 0 Certainly I considered the cases of the bra and ket symbols with two or three arguments Definitions newcommand Ylmstar 2 langle textstyle 1 2 Fl newcommand Ylm 2 4 textstyle 1 2 rangle newcommand nlmstar 3 langlef textstyle 1 2 3 newcommand nlm 31 4 textstyle 1 2 3 rangle where I also borrowed the terminology from quantum mechanics and star stands for the as a supscript indicates a conjugate partner in QM Examples l ml Ylmstar 1 m lm Ylm 1 m nl m nlmstar n 1 m In 1 m nlm n 1 m 64 Moreover I defined some newcommands for the inner product of a pair bra and ket and for expectation values Definitions newcommand braket 21 langle textstyle 1 2 Hrangle newcommand innerP 2 langle textstyle 1 2 Hrangle newcommand expv 1 langle textstyle 1 rangle newcommand Expv 1 left lt 1 right gt newcommand expV 3 langle textstyle 1 2 3 rangle newcommand ExpV 3 left lt 1 left 2 right 3 right gt Here the capital E stands for the larger argument or arguments and the small v or the capital V st
136. uation here Example VMleft Nright non conti 77777 times Meftl1 x 2 right Furthermore for the case in which you want to put something else instead of a normal binary relation in the eqnarray or eqnarray environments I defined also a newcommand here Definition newcommand eqnBinary 1 amp hspace 1 3ex 1 amp hspace 1 3ex Then we can rewrite the three commands which I used as examples above as following Examples eqnBinary eqnapprox eqnBinary approx conti eqnBinary 1 4 Changing equation numbers Sometimes we want to label the equation number of two equations as following A T 3 5 sin x 7 T T a 4a eit e q r as RL an 4b cos 5 5 a 4b Formally for such cases we use a command renewcommand theequation arabic equation a at first and then commands addtocounterf equation 1 and renewcommand theequation arabicfequation b between these two equations finally we use renewcommand theequation arabic equation to change the label of the equation number back Such a combination is almost fixed and we need it maybe pretty frequently For sure we can just copy them every time But I think it is better to define some short newcommands Definitions newcommand cheqn renewcommand theequation arabic equation newcommand cheqnx 1 renewcommand theequation arabic fequation 1
137. unction because we also need an a little bigger space between sech and x than x Moreover if we use a command such like sechx 2 x than we will get sech x the space stands between the function sech and the power 2 not what we want between the function with the power 2 sech and the argument x Below I give you examples for every defined commands above to let you understand the differences Examples 11 sech x sechx x sech z sech x sech x sechnx k x sech zr sechn k x csch x cschx x esch x esch x esch x cschnx k x cschF a cschn k x On the other hand I also defined the error functions Definitions newcommand erf rm erf newcommand erfc rm erfc and the Airy functions Definitions newcommand Ai rm Ai newcommand Bi rm Bi Examples erf x erf x erfc r Nerfc x Ai z Ai x Bi z Bi x 2 2 Brackets absolute values norms and square roots involving a fraction 2 2 1 A positive fraction I typed some series of commands for a bracket involving a fraction very often for example g 12 where the command left frac f g right has been used If I want to rewrite these two functions f and g to f x and g x later this means that I need to change the parentheses for the fraction to a pair of bracket z g x This means also that I must keep to push the gt key a while
138. wcommand nCur1 1 left Vert nabla times 1 right Vert newcommand sCurl 1 Asgrt nabla times 1 2 newcommand ACur1 1 Big nabla times 1 Big newcommand BCur1 1 Big nabla times 1 Big 4 newcommand CCurl1 1 Big M nabla times 1 Big MU 7 newcommand VCur1 1 Big nabla times 1 Big 7 newcommand NCurl1 11 amp Big Wert nabla times 1 Big Vert Examples V x A aCurl bf A V x fA bCurl f bf A V x fA cCurl f bf A Vx Al vCurl bf A V x All nCurl bf A VVxA sCurl bf A Vx A ACurl bf A v x fA BCurl f bf A v x GA CCurl f bf A lv x Al vCurl bf A lv x a NCurl bf A 60 2 8 6 Lap family For the normal and enlarged Lap family Definitions newcommand aLap 1 left nabla 2 1 right newcommand bLap 1 left nabla 2 1 right newcommand cLap 1 left nabla 2 1 right newcommand vLap 1 Meft nabla 2 1 right newcommand nLap 1 left Vert nabla 2 1 right Vert newcommand sLap 1 sqrt 4 nabla 2 1 o newcommand ALap 1 Big nabla 2 1 Big 3 newcommand BLap 1 Big nabla 2 1 Big J newcommand CLap 1 Big M nabla 2 1 Big newcommand VLap 1 Big MnablaN 2 1 Big newcommand NLap 1 ABig Wert nabla 2 1 Big Wert Examples
139. x 2 2 nBigr x 2 2 abiggr x 2 bbiggr x 2 2 cbiggr x 2 q vbiggr x72 qe Nnbiggr x 2 e aBiggr x 2 2 bBiggr x 2 2 cBiggr x 2 q WvBiggri x 2 q NnBiggr x 2 23 2 4 Accents First I had to use the triple dot of x in classical mechanics Hence I defined this newcommand Definition newcommand tdot stackrel cdots where the t stands for triple Example a tdot a On the other hand when we use the original IATEX commands for accents in the math mode such like bar H tilde O and hat T we will get H O and I personally don t like them First they have been always printed in the italic type Second the accents above the letters are not wide enough The best solution of these two problems is to define more newcommands for different types and sizes of accents For the bar family I have Definitions newcommand Bar overline newcommand brm 1 bar rm 1 newcommand Brm 1 overline rm 1 newcommand bbf 1 bar bf 1 newcommand Bbf 1 overline bf 1 Here rm and bf stand for roman and bold face types came directly form the ATEX commands for these two types rm and bf and I used as usual the capital letter B for wide bar Moreover the tilde and wide tilde family have been defined as
140. xample YounghbX 3cm 4 1 Younglabel 2 2 3 88 Meanwhile if you don t want to label any box you can use the following newcommands Definitions newcommand Youngha 2 4 YounghaX 1 2 newcommand Younghb 3 YounghaX 1 2 3 newcommand Younghc 4 YounghaX 1 2 3 4 newcommand Younghd 5 YounghaX 1 2 3 4 5 newcommand Younghe 6 YounghaX 1 2 3 4 5 6 newcommand Younghf 7 YounghaX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 newcommand Younghg 8 YounghaX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Examples Younghb 5cm 3 3 Younghb 5cm 4 2 Younghc 5cm 6 1 1 4 2 2 Young Tableaux with a vertical form For a Young Tableaux having generally a vertical form or in other words nz lt ny e g the second one of the four examples above it is better to draw it column by column with the following newcommands Definitions newcommand YoungvaX 3 Young 1 1 2 mvpbox 1 2 2 3 newcommand YoungvbX 4 Young 1 2 2 mvpbox 1 2 2 mvpbox 2 2 3 4 newcommand YoungvcX 5 Young 1 3 2 mvpbox 1 2 2 mvpbox 2 2 3 mvpbox 3 2 4 5 89 newcommand YoungvdX 6 Young 1 4 2 mvpbox 1 2 2 mvpbox 2 2 3 mvpbox 3 2
141. xdpslash 1 mbox not hspace 0 4ex 1 7 67 tyd Here p stands for prime and dp stands for double prime Examples K xslash k xpslash p g xdpslash q Moreover when Prof Ling Lie Chau visited the National Cheng Kung University where I was working at and prepared her lecture on the quantum field theory or more exactly on the discrete symmetry breaking she asked for IATFX commands for typing some special abbreviations such like P GP or even CPT Based on my experience of defining the cancel eliminate and equalto commands see the next section I gave her the following newcommands for this interesting challenge Definitions newcommand Xslash 1 setlength unitlength 2 5ex raisebox 0 5ex begin picture 1 3 1 Nput O 0 makebox 1 2 1 displaystyle 1 put 0 15 0 makebox 0 8 1 line 3 2 1 1 end picture newcommand XYslash 1 setlength unitlength 2 5ex raisebox 0 35ex begin picture 1 3 1 put O 0 4Xmakebox 1 9 1 displaystyle 1 put 0 15 0 makebox 1 6 1 line 3 1 1 8 end picture newcommand XYZslash 1 setlength unitlength 2 5ex end picture raisebox 0 45ex begin picture 1 3 1 put 0 0 makebox 2 7 1 put 0 15 0 makebox 2 4 1 displaystyle 1 line 5 1 2 45 Here X XY and
142. y can be set to be equal to 4 6 the height of the argument 2 usually can be set to be between 0 9 and 1 2 7 a fine tune of the height of the treated term usually can be set to be between 0 and 0 1 Lengths must be given in unit of cm but without the unit Note that first values of the arguments 4 5 and 6 given here are just suggestions second the value which you want to specify must be given as the second argument 2 Then the command in the example for eliminate can be now rewritten as Example equalto sqrt Q left right O 3 32 2 3 1 6 0 05 Moreover if you just want to cancel a term in the equation but don t want to write a 0 there I defined also a newcommand for this case Definition newcommand cancel 5 setlength unitlength 1cm raisebox 0 5ex begin picture 2 0 put 0 0 makebox 2 5 displaystyle 1 put 0 0 makebox 2 5 line 3 1 4 end picture Here the arguments have been defined as Arguments 70 1 the term in this equation which you want to cancel 2 the width of the treated term 3 the direction of the oblique line there are four choices 1 2 3 4 4 the length of the projection of the oblique line on the x axis usually can be set to be equal to 3 5 a fine tune of the height of the treated term usually can be se
143. yasymc 1 mbox amssyax 1 mbox amssyaxi symbol 1 1 mbox amssyaxii symbol 1 symbol 1 Examples amssyasyma 3 03 3 a amssyasyma 4 4 4 4 Vamssyasyma 0 0 0 amssyasyma 12 714 EJ amssyasyma 1 1 1 x amssyasyma 2 72 1 2 amssyasyma 125 7175 7D amssyasyma 126 7176 7E amssyasyma 127 177 7F lt amssyasyma 67 7103 43 gt amssyasyma 66 7102 42 A amssyasyma 77 7115 4D y amssyasyma 79 117 4F lt amssyasyma 69 7105 45 gt amssyasyma 68 7104 44 O amssyasyma 6 76 6 amssyasyma 74 7112 4A gt Namssyasyma 73 111 49 A amssyasyma 78 7116 4E v amssyasyma 72 7110 48 4 Vamssyasyma 7 47 T 154 amssyasyma 27 33 1B gt amssyasyma 26 232 1A e amssyasyma 17 021 11 gt amssyasyma 16 120 107 e amssyasyma 34 042 22 g gt amssyasyma 35 43 237 gt amssyasyma 32 40 20 w amssyasyma 33 41 21 amssyasyma 76 7114 4C gt amssyasyma 75 7113 4B amssyasyma 18 022 12 amssyasyma 19 23 137 amssyasyma 28 34 1C 2 amssyasyma 29 35 1D amssyasyma 11 13 B amssyasyma 10 012 A E Namssyasyma 87 0127 577 gt Namssyasyma 86 712

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