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1. n Indicates the decimal point position January 2006 62 Measure Yards LENGTH y Inches WIDTH i WIDTH f Feet HEIGHT Square Feet AREA ff Square Yards AREA NET WEIGHT Ounces U S NET VOLUME oz U S f y 2 y NET VOLUME f NET VOLUME y GS1 Global User Manual Metric logistic measures Full title Unit of Data title Data Format n6 Measure 23019 GROSS WEIGHT Ko 331 n Length or 1st dimension logistics LENGTH m log m 332 n Width diameter or 2nd dimension Metres WIDTH m log logistics dimension logistics 0 0 n Indicates the decimal point position January 2006 63 O Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual Non metric logistic measures Pye as Data Format n6 Measure 344 n Width diameter or 2nd dimension Inches WIDTH i log logistics 345 n Width diameter or 2nd dimension Feet WIDTH f log logistics 346 n Width diameter or 2nd dimension Yards WIDTH y log logistics 347 n Depth thickness height or 3rd Inches HEIGHT i log dimension logistics 348 n Depth thickness height or 3rd Feet HEIGHT f log dimension logistics 349 n Depth thickness height or 3rd Yards HEIGHT y log dimension logistics AREA Fo n VOLUME P 109 VOLUME 6 109 n Indicates the decimal point position January 2006 64 Copyright 2006 GS1
2. GS1 Prefix GS1 System GS1 XML GS1 128 Bar Code Symbol GS1 8 Prefix GTIN Format GTIN 8 GTIN 12 GTIN 13 GTIN 14 Human Readable Interpretation Indicator Item Reference ITF Symbology ITF 14 Bar Code Symbol Local Assigned Code Location Reference logistic measures logistic unit magnification Modulo 10 Point of Sale POS Quiet Zone Quiet Zone Indicator A number with two or more digits administered by the GS1global Office that is allocated to GS1 Member Organisations or for Restricted Circulation Numbers The specifications standards and guidelines administered by GS1 A component of GS1 eCom It represents the GS1 standard for Extensible Markup Language schemas providing users with a global business messaging language of e business to conduct efficient Internet based electronic commerce A subset of the Code 128 that is utilised exclusively for GS1 System data structures A one two or three digit index number administered by GS1 denoting the area of distribution of trade items identified by a GTIN 8 or a number used in internal application see RCN 8 The format in which Global Trade Item Numbers GTINs must be represented in a 14 digit reference field key in computer files to ensure uniqueness of the identification numbers The 8 digit GS1 Identification Key composed of a GS1 8 Prefix Item Reference and Check Digit used to identify trade items The 12 digit GS1 Identific
3. mm 0 264 29 83 20 73 21 38 17 05 zos oso 0o27 case ase mo 1818 Cao oso CN aso oss sse sea mor oror zoo oso 745s sis sede s262 January 2006 57 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual APPENDIX 4 GS1 Application Identifiers All Application Identifiers Full Title pare Data Title Serial Shipping Container Code SSCC Global Trade Item Number GTIN GTIN of trade items contained in a n2 n14 CONTENT logistic unit BATCHILOT 13 Packaging Date YYMMDD 15 Best Before Date YYMMDD or SELL BY 17 Expiration Date YYMMDD n2 n6 USE BY or EXPIRY 20 Product Variant VARIANT 2 2 Secondary Data For Specific Health n2 an 29 QTY DATE Industry Products BATCH Additional Product Identification Assigned n3 an 30 ADDITIONAL ID by The Manufacturer Customer Part Number CUST PART No 250 Secondary Serial Number n3 an 30 SECONDARY SERIAL 251 Reference to Source Entity n3 an 30 REF TO SOURCE 253 Global Document Type Identifier n3 n13 n 17 DOC ID 254 GLN Extension component n3 an 20 GLN EXTENSION Variable Count VAR COUNT 310n Trade And Logistic Measurements n4 n6 See next pages 369 See next pages 337n Kilograms per square metre KG PER m2 01 02 10 2 When only year and month are required DD must be filled with 00 The actual Data Title may be specified by the issuer of the data n Indicates the decimal point positio
4. An electronic device to read bar code symbols and convert them into electrical signals understandable by a computer device The GS1 Identification Key for logistic units The material on which a bar code symbol is printed The party that produces provides or furnishes an item or service The combination of symbol characters and features required by a particular symbology including Quiet Zone Start and Stop Characters data characters and other auxiliary patterns which together form a complete scannable entity an instance of a symbology and a data structure A group of bars and spaces in a symbol that is decoded as a single unit It may represent an individual digit letter punctuation mark control indicator or multiple data characters An ISO 15416 parameter that measures the difference between the largest and smallest reflectance values in a Scan Reflectance Profile SRP A defined method of representing numeric or alphabetic characters in a bar code a type of bar code Any item product or service upon which there is a need to retrieve pre defined information and that may be priced or ordered or invoiced at any point in any supply chain Net measures of Variable Measure Trade Items as used for invoicing billing the trade item Information not part of the GS1 System denoting the particular operation in connection with which the scanned data has been captured Printing a symbol shorter than the symbology specification
5. EAN 8 UPC E 9870 gt 0134567811 b The use of the ITF 14 Interleaved 2 of 5 Symbology is restricted to the bar coding of identification numbers on trade items NOT passing through retail checkouts This symbology is better suited for direct printing onto corrugated fibreboard 1 89 31234 56789 4 January 2006 9 O Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual c The GS1 128 Symbology is a variant of Code 128 Symbology Its use is exclusively licensed to GS1 It is not intended to be read on items passing through retail checkouts This is the only GS1 endorsed symbology that allows the encoding of information beyond GTIN 01 04601234567893 January 2006 10 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual 3 IDENTACATION OF TRADE ITEMS A trade item is defined as any item product or service upon which there is a need to retrieve pre defined information and that may be priced ordered or invoiced at any point in any supply chain This definition covers raw materials through to end user products and also includes services all of which have pre defined characteristics The trade items are numbered by a GTIN using four data structures GTIN 8 GTIN 12 GTIN 13 and GTIN 14 that can be stored in a 14 digit field The choice of data structure depends on the nature of the item and on the scope of the user s applications A major application of the GS1 System is the identification of items intended for scanning at the retail p
6. If not then the person responsible for the database in the store must be notified of the change January 2006 23 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual 6 SYMBOL MARKING TRADE ITEMS 6 1 FEATURES OF BAR CODES There are several ways to apply a bar code to an item e Integrating the bar code into the packaging design e On line direct printing onto packaging e Affixing a pre printed label 4 Sizes Bar codes can be printed in various sizes The size to be selected besides of the scanning environment depends also on the printing conditions A small bar code can be used if good quality printing is coupled with a good quality substrate lt is not possible to select an arbitrary symbol size to fit a predetermined space on the package For each type of bar code the size may vary between a minimum size and a maximum size For direct printing it is determined by the printer after tests Equipment that constructs bar codes from pixels or dots will not be able to produce bar codes in the full range of sizes Another factor that should always be taken into account when deciding about the bar code symbol size should be the environment in which it is to be scanned Symbols intended for retail applications may be as small as the print quality permits whereas the bar codes for warehouse environment should be as large as it is necessary to allow scanning from a considerable distance i e by an operator of a truck Prior to 1999 the
7. N14 Nis Nig N17 The Extension digit is used to increase the capacity of the SSCC It is assigned by the company that allocates the SSCC The GS1 Company Prefix is assigned by a GS1 Member Organisation to the system user which is normally the company assembling the Logistic Unit It makes the number unique world wide but does not identify the origin of the unit The Item Reference is a serial number that the company that has been assigned the GS1 Company Prefix chooses to complete the string of digits N2 to Nz The simplest way to allocate the Item Reference is sequentially that is 000 001 002 003 The local structure of GS1 Company Prefixes and Item References to be completed by each Member Organisation 8 2 THE LOGISTICS LABEL Representation of information The information presented on logistics labels takes two basic forms human oriented information to be read by people which is comprised of text and graphics machine readable information designed for automatic data capture Bar codes as machine readable symbols are a secure and efficient method for conveying structured data They as well as human readable text allow general access to basic information at any point in the supply chain Both methods of presenting information add value to logistics labels and often co exist on the same label The GS1 logistics label is structured in three sections The top section of the label contains free format information The middle s
8. N7 N No NN Nag N Ne Ne Ni No Ns Na Ns Ne Nz No sscc n No NN Na Ns Ne Nz Ne Ngo Nig Na Ne Nig Nag Nis Nig Niz Nis Multiply value of each position by x3 x1 x3 x1 x3 x1 x3 x1 x3 x1 x3 x1 x3 x1 x3 x1 x3 Accumulated results Sum Subtract sum from nearest multiple of ten Check Digit Ne Nz Na Nx Nig Nis Niaz Number without Check Digit Step 1 Multiply by Step 2 Add up results to sum Step 3 Subtract sum from nearest multiple of ten 110 Check Digit 9 Number with Check Digit An online Check Digit calculator is available on http www gs1 org January 2006 54 Copyright 2006 GS1 Global User Manual APPENDIX 2 GTIN 12 Identification Numbers in a UPC E Symbol GTIN 12 item Identification Numbers beginning with the U P C Prefix 0 may be represented in a small bar code symbol named UPC E The GTIN 12 Item Number is condensed into a bar code symbol consisting of six symbol character positions For application processing the item number must be transformed into its full length by the bar code reader software or by the application software There is no UPC E six digit trade item number UPC E option for the identification of trade items GTIN GTIN 12 Identification number of trade Represented in UPC E Company prefix Item reference number Ga symbol positions N N2 Ng Na Ns Ne N7 Ng No Nio Nas Nie 1000 UPC E Applications Company p
9. The size of the Quiet Zone area varies depending on the symbol size and type of the bar code Any print within Quiet Zones can prevent the reading of the bar code symbol Colours and contrast Scanners work by measuring reflectance There must be sufficient contrast between dark bars and light spaces There must be sufficient density of ink in the bars not to create voids Scanners use a beam of red light A contrast that seems to be satisfactory for human eyes may be insufficient for scanners Bar codes can be printed in various colours A general indication is that light colours including red and orange are suitable for the light bars spaces and quiet zones Dark colours including black blue and green are suitable for the bars Composite colours are not adequate to print bar codes It is best to use solid colours High gloss substrates may change the reflectance and checks must be made before printing Transparent over wraps may also reduce contrast and checks on the completed package should be made if over wrapping is used Print quality The printing conditions must be checked regularly throughout the print run to ensure they have not deteriorated since the initial assessment was made There are various means to assess the quality of a bar code Your GS1 Member Organisation can advise you on this point Simple visual ways can be used An example is the printing of an H of given dimensions inside the bearer bar of an ITF 14 Whe
10. are available from www gs1us org January 2006 20 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual 5 PROCESSING THE GTIN 5 1 THE CONTENT OF THE DATABASE The GTIN is a unique identification number for a trade item This uniqueness is achieved whichever of the four data structures described in Chapter 3 1 is used These structures are to be stored in a 14 digit data field as shown below Global Trade Item Number GTIN Format Ta No eme Oe z No Ns Ns Ne Nr No No No GTIN 12 Ny N2 N3 Na Ns Ne IN7 Ng Ng Nio Naa Nie fomes a Ce OOO In cases where there are less than 14 numbers in a data structure e g GTIN 8 the numbers must be right justified in a 14 digit field and filled with zeros in the leftmost positions The GTIN is an access key to all data related to the particular trade item as it is identified that is stored in the data files or in transaction messages Links have to be created between hierarchies of trade items Such links are those between each unit and all the trade items within this particular unit An example would be the links between a can of paint a box of ten cans of paint and a pallet of 24 boxes of ten cans of paint This will enable customers to control their stock keeping and ordering processes and allow customers to compare sales at the check out with the number of units they have received or still have in stock 5 2 TRANSMISSION OF PRODUCT INFORMATION Transmission of infor
11. following the logical sequence of the trading cycle Report and planning messages are used for informing the trading partner on the trading activity or to plan ahead for future requirements thus allowing a streamlining of the supply chain General messages which are used to send general application support information to one or multiple addresses January 2006 47 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual EANCOM is not only a set of standard messages it is also based on the use of GS1 international numbers rather than numbers agreed bilaterally between two trading partners The use of GS1 Identification keys will naturally simplify implementations with future trading partners The GTIN described in this manual for identifying trade items is the only international and multi sector numbering system that provides a unique and unambiguous identification number for every item and its variants regardless of its place of origin and destination Its use in EANCOM messages is particularly important in open environments Companies do not have to maintain complex cross references of trading partner s internal numbers The GLN Global Location Number provides the most efficient means of communicating location or company identification As well as being used in the EANCOM messages they can also be used by networks to route EDI messages to the designated mailbox workstation or application EANCOM messages have been designed to take
12. frequently asked questions are posted at www gs1 org helpdesk Detailed information about GTIN allocation rules are posted at www gs1 org gtinrules Detailed information about GLN allocation rules are posted at www gs1 org ginrules Contact information about member companies holding a given GS1 Identification Key GTIN GLN etc can be looked up at www gepir org January 2006 49 O Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual 14 GLOSSARY Add On Symbol alphanumeric an Application Identifier Attribute Bearer Bars brand owner carrier Check Digit Company Number concatenation coupon customer data carrier data character data field data titles direct print EAN UPC Symbology EAN 13 Bar Code A bar code symbol used to encode information supplementary to that in the main bar code symbol Describes a character set that contains alphabetic characters letters numeric digits numbers and other characters such as punctuation marks The field of two or more characters at the beginning of an Element String that uniquely defines its format and meaning A piece of information reflecting a characteristic related to an identification number e g Global Trade Item Number GTIN SSCC Bars surrounding a bar code symbol to prevent misreads or to improve print quality of the bar code symbol The party that is responsible for allocating GS1 System numbering and bar code symbols on a given
13. group are identical January 2006 11 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual SHAMPOOINS A 5 ay either GTIN 14 15412150000151 or GTIN 13 5412150000161 either GTIN 14 25412150000158 or GTIN 13 5412150000178 These examples show both numbering solutions 3 1 GTIN NUMBERING STRUCTURES There are four numbering structures for GTIN that are described below GTIN 13 Data GS1 Company Prefix Item Reference Check Structure Digit N No Ng Na Ns Ne Nz Ng No Nio Ni Ni2 Ni3 GTIN 12 Data U P C Company Prefix Item Reference Check Structure A eC Digit N N2 Ng Na Ns Ne Nz Ng No Nio Ni N12 January 2006 12 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual GTIN 8 Data Structure GTIN 8 Prefix Item Reference e Ny No N3 Na Ns Ne N7 GS1 Company Prefix The first two or three digits N4 N2 Ns constitute the GS1 Prefix allocated by GS1 Global Office to each GS1 Member Organisation It does not mean that the item is produced or distributed in the country to which the prefix has been allocated The GS1 Prefix only denotes the Member Organisation that allocated the Company Number The GS1 Company Number that follows the GS1 Prefix is allocated by the Member Organisation The GS1 Prefix and the Company Number form the GS1 Company Prefix In general it comprises six to ten digits depending on the needs of the company Item Reference The Item Reference is composed typically o
14. is printed directly on the trade item National federal or local regulations may apply and take precedence over these rules For example in some industries such as healthcare regulations or other requirements may dictate that any trade item changes require a new GTIN The detailed rules for GTIN Allocation in various business situations can be found on the website www gs1 orq gtinrules It also gives a detailed rationale and consequence of not following the given rule 4 Packaging configuration One trade item package container may be contained in another trade item package container Each level of a trade item must have its own GTIN GTIN 13 GTIN 12 GTIN 8 or GTIN 14 depending on whether it is a retail item or not If not it depends on the numbering option adopted by the brand owner Companies should take into consideration the channels where the products are sold and what the requirements are The following decision tree presents the choice of options for GTIN January 2006 16 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual Retail yes Very small GTIN 13 GTIN 12 GTIN 8 or GTIN 12 1 GTIN 13 or GTIN 12 or GTIN 14 GTIN 13 5412345000013 GTIN 13 5412345000433 GTIN 13 5412345000693 GTIN 13 5412345000259 January 2006 17 O Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual The uses of the GTIN Whatever the country where the item is sold its GTIN will remain valid It is ind
15. 11234567890 A label with supplier customer and carrier sections January 2006 41 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual 9 VARIABLE MEASURE TRADE ITEMS The term Variable Measure Trade Items is used to describe products that are sold ordered or produced in quantities which can vary continuously such as fruit and vegetables meat cheese rope chain fabric carpets on a roll etc 9 1 RETAIL VARIABLE MEASURE TRADE ITEMS In this scenario the weight quantity or price must be included in the bar code to be read at the check out In the EAN UPC Symbols there is no room left for a GTIN so a shorter number must be used to identify the product The measure or price may be of 4 or 5 digits depending on the currency and may include a special Verifier Digit for price The exact structure is determined by the GS1 Member Organisation for their respective territories The short number may be allocated by e The retailer from the capacity made available by MO e The supplier from a range of numbers allocated to him by the GS1 Member Organisation e The GS1 Member Organisation in case a national generic number has been defined for a particular type of item The GS1 Prefix is selected by the Member Organisation from the range 02 and 20 to 29 To be written by each Member Organisation The solutions for bar coding variable measure products are national solutions They are not to be used when trading across bo
16. AL The actual Data Title may be specified by the issuer of the data 3 The fourth digit of this Al s indicates the sequence of the processors in the supply chain January 2006 60 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual Metric trade measures Full title Unit of Measure Data title Data Format n6 310 n NET WEIGHT kg 311 n Length or 1st dimension trade LENGTH m 312 n Width diameter or 2nd dimension WIDTH m trade 313 n Depth thickness height or 3rd Metres HEIGHT m dimension trade 314 n AREA m 315 0 NET VOLUME m n Indicates the decimal point position January 2006 61 Copyright 2006 GS1 Non metric trade measures Full title Data Format n6 20 n 21 n Net weight w O 5 Length or 1st dimension trade 322 n Length or 1st dimension trade 323 n Length or 1st dimension trade 324 n Width diameter or 2nd dimension trade 325 n Width diameter or 2nd dimension trade Width diameter or 2nd dimension trade Depth thickness height or 3rd dimension trade Depth thickness height or 3rd dimension trade Depth thickness height or 3rd dimension trade O ow oo oo oo ar Ol N N N N o oO 00 N O Ja O Area trade n Area trade 352 n Area trade 356 n Net weight 357 n Net volume 360 n Net volume Net volume 364 n Net volume 365 n Net volume 366 n Net volume
17. Global User Manual GLOBAL USER MANUAL RELEASE 8 January 2006 January 2006 1 Copyright 2006 GS1 Global User Manual FOREWORD 8 cvscccsessssaiensscnccetsstedecessceaseusconssnssaesdesskcecaseessecesatsSesenssndeadousssocesasseedonssscondeussenceecse 4 1 INTRODUCTION r E EE E E E E E 5 2 BASICS AND PRINCIPLES OF THE GS1 SYSTEM 1 ccsssscssscsscceseseseseseee 7 21 AREAS OF APPEICATION Sisa 7 22 NUMBERING SYSTEM siii ori 8 GLOBAL TRADE ITEM NUMBER GTIN occooononnccnnnninconcnnnononononccnncnnoncnnnnnnonncnncnonononcnnno 8 SERIAL SHIPPING CONTAINER CODE SSCCO ccc cesssssssecseseeceseeeesscsseeeesaeeneeseenees 8 GLOBAL LOCATION NUMBER GLN cc ceescssseceseeeeesecseesecnerecsaeeeesaecaeeseeaeeaeeseenees 8 23 BAR CODE S YMBOLOGIES oui aeit e aate eaea ana EE E i Ea Eaa EE Raai tasi 9 3 IDENTIFICATION OF TRADE ITEMS ssssssessesecorseseecosoesesoerosoesesossossesesoosoesesose 11 3 1 GTIN NUMBERING STRUCTURES reirei so iiaeo Sease pai keai Tia Erens EEEE EAEE EEES 12 GSI Company Prefiksi an nieee r E ie E R E E r RAE ESE AES 13 Ttem Refer ndE iio ii in eh Siete E 13 Check Dis uti a A R E eee 13 A A O NT 13 3 2 WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR NUMBERING TRADE ITEMS seese 14 IPS O 14 Excepto snn IA A A Ea a di ias 14 3 3 WHAT TO CONSIDER WHEN NUMBERING A TRADE ITEM seere 15 Packaging Configuration ccesceesscseesecsseeecesecseesecseesecsaeeeesecseesecnesecsaeeeeaesaees
18. MA goer hee T ar II sande p i ape Sarco p NIN Sandra apoper no gandpaper a i sanapaper ll A iano sandpape in with sanapaper lil IM sandpape sandpape sandpapet napape x ath Sandpare IM avert on gu Senor ane sr rr oper er O ol aed y sandro per int oa NE ae o cer tit sang Me a lh anni eanapapet iit oS wnt gandpapet January 2006 26 O Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual Scanning is most successful when the bar code is printed on a reasonably smooth surface Avoid printing around the corners or on folds creases seams and any other uneven packaging area Sometimes the irregular shape of packaging prevents the bar code from flat parallel contact with the scanning surface of slot scanners This applies in particular to carded blister packed or concave items Back Preferred Placement Undesirable Alternative On cylindrical products where the printing direction allows it is generally desirable that the bars are perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder ladder style so that a scan line can pass through the symbol on as near a flat plane as possible This caters for the problems associated with curves on items such as cans and bottles The ladder orientation is imperative for curved surfaces with a small radius January 2006 27 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual The preferred placement for a bar code is on the lower right quadrant of the back
19. ON NUMBERS sssesoessesesoesossescesosoesecoesosoesecossossesoeoosoesesoseososee 46 12 J BI P AE NO 47 13 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS sesesessessesesosseseecosoesesoesosoesesossossesesossoeseeose 49 14 GLOSSARY si a 50 15 APPENDICES os ccvcsiccassaseassevesnsonsiensondesetensshednscsasessoscedasdescokeosssascebesosesesanssncedasessdeness 54 January 2006 3 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual In February 2005 GS1 was officially launched as the successor to the organisations previously know as EAN and UCC Throughout 2005 a series of events took place to promote the GS1 launch world wide which included all Member Organisations adopting a new name GS1 country name e GS represents our role in global standards and symbolises a synergy between business processes and one global system of standards that are open to everyone e The 1 represents one global standard one global organisation and one name emphasising that GS1 s standards services and solutions are interchangeable and integrated The objective of the GS1 Global User Manual GUM is to provide an introductory user friendly and simple document describing the GS1 System with particular focus on the GS1 Bar Codes and Identification Keys This document is not exhaustive and does not replace the GS1 General Specifications which remains the standard reference document The examples chosen are mainly from the retail sector however the principles and standards introdu
20. S1 Company Prefix can still be produced using the same prefix after the merger since the acquiring company has control of the acquired company s GS1 Company Prefix If it so desires the acquiring company can label all acquired products using their existing GS1 Company Prefix The importance of ensuring trading partners are informed of any changes in a timely manner cannot be overemphasised Partial purchase If a company purchases a division of a company whose GS1 Company Prefix is used in divisions not purchased then the acquiring company must change the GTINs for products in the purchased division as well as any related GLNs within one year January 2006 18 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual The rules concerning the use of the sellers GTINs and other GS1 Identification Keys should be taken into consideration when drawing up the purchase contract At the earliest opportunity the buyer should phase in new numbers from its own range of numbers for items whose brand name it has acquired The buyer will be able to do this for example when packaging is redesigned or reprinted Split or de merger When a company splits into two or more separate companies it is necessary that the GS1 Company Prefix assigned to the original company be transferred to one and only one of the new companies Any company left without a GS1 Company Prefix will need to apply to a Member Organisation to obtain a new one The decision on
21. a few attributes in addition to the SSCC are useful in bar coded form on the logistic units As each Logistic Unit must be assigned its own unique SSCC the pre printing of the bar code symbol containing the SSCC on the packaging of the Logistic Unit is not practical A label must be created which will be attached to the Logistic Unit at the time that it is generated Further a Logistic Unit may also be a unit of trade and hence be subject to the GS1 specifications for Trade Items If this is the case it is logical to generate a single label containing all the bar coded information required GS1 Global Office along with representatives of manufacturers retailers transporters and GS1 Member Organisations have developed a voluntary standard for bar code label applications the GS1 logistics label The SSCC and its application on Logistic Units is the most important element of the GS1 logistics label 8 1 THE SSCC SSCC identifies all Logistic Units whether they are homogeneous or mixed A company wishing to differentiate its production plants within the SSCC can do so by allocating blocks of SSCCs to each production plant The SSCC is declared in the despatch advice or the delivery note and in all transportation messages January 2006 38 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual Application SSCC Identifier Extension Check digit GS1 Company Prefix Serial Reference Digit 00 N N2 Ns Na Ns Ne N7 Ng No Nio N11 N12 N13
22. and variety e The net quantity of a product e f the trade item is a grouping the number of elementary items contained and their sub division in sub packaging units the nature of the grouping carton pallet box pallet flat pallet This list is not exhaustive The company responsible for allocating the numbers must ensure that each trade item corresponds to one and only one GTIN Once it has been defined the GTIN of the trade item must not change as long as the characteristics of the trade item do not change A major modification of one of the basic elements which characterises the trade unit will generally lead to the allocation of anew GTIN Examples Allocate a new GTIN the net volume of mineral water has increased from 0 25 litre to 0 33 litre Maintain the same GTIN the colour of a juice bottle label has been changed from pale pink to darker pink January 2006 15 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual In general for products where the date is important different trade item numbers are required Examples would be the various vintages of a wine successive editions of a road map annual guides diaries or appointment books These all constitute different trade items If a new GTIN is allocated to an item the GTIN assigned to any grouping containing that item should also be assigned a new GTIN However it should be noted that Price is not a relevant criteria for changing a GTIN except when the price
23. antity of units of the lower level if any 5 3 How should the information be exchanged The preferred methods are EDI messages sent from the suppliers to all its customers or alternatively by way of a central electronic catalogue data synchronisation If either of these methods are used the data should be structured in standard messages sent automatically If these alternatives are not possible a floppy disk with standard messages could be used If that is not an option then a paper document containing the different characteristics and conditions of purchase of the product would suffice 5 4 When should communication occur A number of actions are vital to ensure that GTINs are accurately communicated within the Supply Chain These ensure that the data associated with any scanned bar code can be associated with accurate up to date data This is particularly essential for items scanned at the Point of Sale where the absence of accurate data may have legal implications Trading partners should make an agreement about the appropriate time period within which the information will be communicated Communication about a GTIN is essential in cases listed below In any situation the information must be sent well ahead of time in order to give the trading partner a chance to process it 1 New trade relationship All the GTINs of products involved in a new trade relationship should be sent to the trading partner with the associated da
24. any internal numbering in a store or warehouse Companies may need to number items for their own internal use They may do this using GTIN 13 Numbers starting with one of the prefixes reserved for this purpose by the MO in the range 02 04 or 20 to 29 These numbers cannot be used outside the company that has allocated them and can only be used for scanning internally They cannot be used for EDI purposes as they are not allocated uniquely to the supplier The use of internal numbering may cause confusion in the event of mergers between companies The numbering of coupons Coupon identification is organised at national level and therefore the numbers cannot be used world wide The structure is defined by each MO Coupons are numbered using a GTIN 13 Number starting with prefix 99 For U P C Symbols GS1 US has allocated prefix 05 and 99 to coupons Prefixes 981 and 982 have been released for coupons issued in a currency common to several countries e g euro January 2006 44 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual To be written by each Member Organisation There are different national solutions for identifying coupons in a similar way that there are national solutions for variable measure items Other special solutions To be written by each Member Organisation There are local solutions for other areas of applications i e for identification of payment slips pharmaceutical products etc Each Member Organisation that has
25. are referred to as the Quiet Zone Indicators January 2006 31 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual ITF 14 Symbol For companies wishing to print the bar code directly on the carton particularly on corrugated cardboard the ITF 14 Symbol is more suitable because the printing requirements are less demanding Pre printing or direct print by thermal transfer or ink jet may be possible 4 8 mm 10 2 mm 122 428 mm 12345 678904 152 400 mm This diagram is not intended for use as a basis for measurement Dimensions below do not include the bearer bar Min size 50 71 40 mm x 12 70 mm Max size 100 142 75 mm x 32 00 mm Nominal dimensions 142 75 mm x 32 00 mm x dimension at nominal size 1 016 mm To ensure efficient reading in any environment including conveyorised scanning ITF 14 symbols should be printed close to 100 magnification with a minimum of 50 GS1 128 Symbol 93067280205495 3103 01 The GS1 128 is of variable length depending on the number of characters translated the types of character encoded and the X dimension resulting in overall symbol size achieved For a given length of data the symbol size is January 2006 32 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual variable between limits to accommodate the ranges in quality achievable by the various printing processes The symbol is designed to be read bi directionally by fixed or portable scanners Based on their nomi
26. ation Key composed of a U P C Company Prefix Item Reference and Check Digit used to identify trade items The 13 digit GS1 Identification Key composed of a GS1 Company Prefix Item Reference and Check Digit used to identify trade items The 14 digit GS1 Identification Key composed of an Indicator digit 1 9 GS1 Company Prefix Item Reference and Check Digit used to identify trade items Characters that can be read by persons such as letters and numbers as opposed to symbol characters within bar code symbols which are read by machines A digit from 1 to 9 in the leftmost position of the GTIN 14 The part of the data structure allocated by the user to identify a trade item for a given GS1 Company Prefix The Interleaved 2 of 5 Symbology An ITF Symbol used by the GS1 System to carry GTINs A particular use of the UPC E Bar Code Symbol for restricted distribution A number within a Global Location Number GLN assigned by various parties to identify a different entity Measures indicating the outside dimensions total weight or volume inclusive of packing material of a logistic unit Also known as gross measures An item of any composition established for transport and or storage that needs to be managed through the supply chain It is identified with SSCC Different sizes of bar code symbols based on a nominal size and a fixed aspect ratio stated as a percent or decimal equivalent of a nominal size Modulo 10 creates a Check Di
27. bar code Scanning the SSCC marked on each Logistic Unit allows the physical movement of units to be individually tracked and traced by providing a link between the physical movement of items and the associated information flow lt also provides the opportunity to implement a wide range of applications such as cross docking shipment routing automated receiving etc Examples A box containing 12 skirts and 20 jackets in various sizes and colours is a Logistic Unit as is a pallet of 40 cases each containing 12 cans of paint GLOBAL LOCATION NUMBER GLN The GLN is a number used to identify a company or organisation as a legal entity GLNs are also used to identify physical locations The use of location numbers is a pre requisite for efficient EDI January 2006 8 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual 2 3 BAR CODE SYMBOLOGIES Three bar code symbologies are very widely used in the GS1 System a EAN UPC b ITF 14 and c GS1 128 Only the EAN UPC Bar Codes should be used for reading at point of sale whereas in other applications such as back door receiving or in warehouses any of the three different symbologies can be used EAN UPC ITF 14 or GS1 128 Advice on choosing between them is given in Chapter 6 4 a The EAN and UPC symbols can be read omnidirectionally They must be used for all items that are scanned at the Point of Sale and may be used on other trade items EAN 13 UPC A IN ONNT 23451468789 INI
28. ced in this document apply to all sectors that are willing to benefit from the GS1 System DISCLAIMER Please note that the bar code symbols used in this manual are only examples and are not intended to be scanned or used as references Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the GS1 standards contained in the document are correct GS1 and any other party involved in the creation of the document HEREBY STATE that the document is provided without warranty either expressed or implied of accuracy or fitness for purpose AND HEREBY DISCLAIM any liability direct or indirect for damages or loss relating to the use of the document The document may be modified from time to time subject to developments in technology changes to the standards or new legal requirements In addition no warranty or representation is made that the standards will not require modification due to additions to the system and developments in technology January 2006 4 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual 1 INTRODUCTION Rapid evolution of roles in the value chain new channels of distribution shifting demand patterns and increased service expectations have raised the critical importance of information technology in business processes The GS1 Standards facilitate national and international communication between all trading partners participating in supply and demand chains including raw material suppliers manufacturers wholesalers dist
29. developed such local solutions should present them at the necessary level of detail January 2006 45 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual 11 GLOBALLOCATION NUMBERS The Global Location Number GLN makes possible the unique and unambiguous identification of physical locations or legal entities A trade relationship may involve several companies suppliers customers and possibly a logistic service provider In each company several departments may be involved Trade partners need to identify in their own files all the locations that are relevant to this relationship The GLN uses the same data structure as the GTIN 13 data structure and the numbers are non significant The same GTIN 13 Identification Number can be allocated to a product and to a location No confusion arises because the applications are totally separate Each company or organisation holding a GS1 Company Prefix may assign Global Location Numbers to its own locations Each different location that needs to be distinguished must be allocated a separate number WARNING In some countries GTIN and GLN numbers are allocated from separate pools different numbers for each of them Therefore in order to avoid confusion and number clash it is strongly advised to always contact your GS1 Member Organisation before assigning GLNs It is the responsibility of a company using GLNs to keep business partners informed of all the numbers it has issued together w
30. e 74 58 mm x 52 mm Nominal dimensions 37 29 mm x 26 mm X dimension at nominal size 0 330 mm NOTE Bar code height has been rounded 51412345 6789 The X dimension is the specified width of the narrow element in a bar code symbol This width varies from one symbology to another January 2006 30 O Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual UPC A Symbol 1234567892 Min size 29 83 mm x 21 mm Max size 74 58 mm x 52 mm Nominal dimensions 37 29 mm x 26 mm X dimension at nominal size 0 330 mm NOTE Bar code height has been rounded UPC E Symbol 00345678 Min size 17 69 mm x 21 mm Max size 44 22 mm x 52 mm Nominal dimensions 22 11 mm x 26 mm X dimension at nominal size 0 330 mm NOTE Bar code height has been rounded Based on their nominal dimensions the EAN UPC Symbols can be printed with a magnification factor ranging from 80 to 200 If the symbol is intended for conveyorised scanning a minimum magnification factor of 150 should be used The symbol is designed to be read omni directionally Truncation reducing the height of the symbol removes the omni directional capability Truncation should be a last resort when there is only space for a truncated bar code A useful device to help maintain the Quiet Zone in some production processes is to include a less than lt and or greater than gt characters in the human readable field aligned with the edge of the Quiet Zone Those marks
31. ection contains text information and human readable interpretations of the bar codes The bottom section includes the bar codes and associated information Label Design The layout of the logistics label supports the supply chain process by grouping information into three logical sections for the supplier customer and carrier Each label section may be applied at a different point in time as the relevant information becomes known Additionally within each section bar codes are segregated from text information to facilitate separate processing by machines and people The labeller which is the organisation responsible for the printing and application of the label determines the content format and dimensions of the label January 2006 39 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual The SSCC is the single mandatory element for all GS1 logistics labels Other information may be added when required in order to comply with the GS7 General Specifications A section is a logical grouping of information that is generally known at a particular time There are three label sections each representing a group of information Generally the order of the sections from top to bottom is carrier customer and supplier However this order and top down alignment may vary depending on the size of the Logistic Unit and business process being served 1 Supplier section Information contained in this section is generally known at the time of pac
32. ed by the Al The position of the decimal point is indicated by the last digit x of the Al If it has the value 0 it means that there is no decimal point if it has the value 2 it means that there are two decimal digits For example 005250 preceded by the Al 3103 signifies 5 25 kilograms January 2006 43 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual 10 SPECIAL CASES Books serial publications and printed sheet music Two options are available when books printed music or serial publications are being numbered The GTIN 13 or GTIN 12 data structure can be used in a similar way to any other trade item Please contact a local Member Organisation The alternative is to use ISBN ISMN or ISSN numbers without its Check Digit which are embedded in a GTIN ISBN Books 9 Z 18 C ISSN Serial publications 9 7 7 C The prefix 978 has been allocated to encode the ISBN Prefix 979 has been allocated to ISBN and is being used for printed sheet music ISMN The prefix 977 has been allocated to encode the ISSN Other solutions have been defined in some countries using a specific GS1 Company Prefix Additional information to the title can be printed in a number with two or five digits to be shown in an additional symbol called an add on and located to the right of the EAN UPC symbol and parallel to it It is the responsibility of the publisher to issue add on barcodes and they are used for book returns purposes Comp
33. em was last supplied to the customer In the case of garments the minimum period is reduced to 30 months A longer period may be needed depending upon the type of goods For example steel beams may be stored for many years before entering the supply chain Brand owners should consider what would be a reasonable period for the trade item to remain in the supply chain cycle before re using GTINs Even if the product is no longer in the supply chain its number may still be kept in databases for historic records January 2006 19 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual 4 SMALL PRODUCTS The allocation of GTIN 8 Identification Numbers is restricted to items that genuinely cannot accommodate an EAN 13 or UPC A Bar Code and are assigned individually upon request Before deciding to use a GTIN 8 Identification Number the user should first consider usually jointly with their printer all possible options for using a GTIN 13 Identification Number These may include e Whether the symbol can be reduced in size i e printed at a lower magnification taking into account the minimum bar code print quality requirements e Whether the label can reasonably be changed label means the total printed design surface whether or not affixed separately This would enable the printer s recommended size of standard EAN UPC Symbol to be included This could be achieved by redesigning the label by increasing the label size especially where the exis
34. ems that are non branded have no brand name or are generic items not private labels are still assigned GTINs by their manufacturer As different manufacturers may supply items that appear identical to the consumer it is possible that items that are apparently the same have different GTINs Companies that trade these items need to organise their computer applications replenishment programs for example to cope with this eventuality Examples of items that sometimes have no brand are plasterboard candles drinking glasses etc Warning Some companies produce the same article in several countries or in several plants In this case the GTIN should be allocated centrally and managed by one of the companies in the group or one of its production facilities 3 3 WHAT TO CONSIDER WHEN NUMBERING A TRADE ITEM A separate unique GTIN is required whenever any of the pre defined characteristics of an item are different in any way that is relevant to the trading process This implies that each variant must be assigned a different number whenever the variation is in any way apparent and significant to any partner in the supply chain to the final user or to the retail customer What is understood to be an apparent and significant variation may differ from industry to industry Therefore these rules should be respected The basic characteristics of a trade item are e The Product Name Product Brand and Product Description e The trade item type
35. ependent of prices and methods of supply The GTIN is the number which appears in catalogues product sheets price lists and on documents or messages exchanged for the transaction to take place orders despatch advice or delivery notes and invoices A GTIN can also be allocated to services that may be invoiced such as transport or storage for the account of a customer etc Pre priced items Pre pricing is discouraged as a trade practice as it introduces complexity for trade item file maintenance throughout the supply chain If however the price is marked on the item the GTIN should be changed when the price marked on the item changes except for variable measure items where other rules apply see Chapter 9 3 4 WHAT IF THE LEGAL STATUS OF A BRAND OWNER CHANGES Although National federal or local regulations may apply and take precedence over these rules the guidelines below should be followed as long as they are compatible with the local laws Important note If a company changes legal status or the ownership of the GS1 Company Prefix changes as the result of an acquisition or merger the Member Organisation must be notified within one year Acquisition or merger The Member Organisation has to be notified of the acquisition or merger within one year The rule for an acquisition or merger is that the merged company acquires the numbers of the old company Products that the acquired company produced under its G
36. esnerseeeaees 16 The uses ofthe GTIN tonces a 18 Pre POCO MO tada 18 3 4 WHAT IF THE LEGAL STATUS OF A BRAND OWNER CHANGES ecce 18 ACQUISICION OF MET dile 18 Partal purchase pt dete ee ee een eee 18 Split orde merten ine a a e e ia ibas 19 3 5 WHEN A GTIN CAN BE RE USED Fren cincime annro aa e a ea 19 4 SMALL PRODUCTSS csccsscsssssssscsscsscsssscssencesessssenecsscsscssessscsscsssseneessssseseesoes 20 5 PROCESSING THE GTIN csccsssscsssscssccscsscsssessesscsssseneesesssscsessesscsssssnceseeees 21 5 1 THE CONTENT OF THE DATABASE 1 0 cceecseescseeeeceseeeeesecneeseeneeeeceaecaeesecaeeeeenaeseeeas 21 5 2 TRANSMISSION OF PRODUCT INFORMATION cocoococcccconcnonononnnonnonannncnnononononononnonncnninos 21 5 3 HOW SHOULD THE INFORMATION BE EXCHANGED oocccicncccnnccncononononccnninnonacinonns 22 5 4 WHEN SHOULD COMMUNICATION OCCUR cococccncccccononononcnnnonnonnnncnncnononocononnonccnncns 22 6 SYMBOL MARKING TRADE ITEMS essesesceroesesosoesesceroseesecossossesoesosoesecossosesse 24 6 1 FEATURES OF BARCODES vir r A a A aaen ee aenas 24 SIZES ER EET T TT 24 OE ZOMES a E E S E E Se 25 Colours and contrast r N E a ee RS 25 Print qUe 25 Symbol placement guidelines 0 cee eii e EA A ENR E R E ai a ii Sen 25 6 2 BAR CODE TYPES USED IN GS1 SYSTEM eeeeeeeeieesesesrrerrererrsrsrersrsrsrereerereersesreee 30 EANUPC Symbols narinaa iian A 30 ITER Symbols ia e Rate didi d
37. f one to six digits lt is a non significant number which means that the individual digits in the number do not relate to any classification or convey any specific information The simplest way to allocate Item References is sequentially that is 000 001 002 003 etc Check Digit The Check Digit is the last digit rightmost of the GTIN It is calculated from all other digits in the number in order to ensure that the bar code has been correctly scanned or that the number is correctly composed GTIN 14 Data Indicator GTIN of the items contained without Check Check Structure Digit Ni N2Na Na Ns No Nz Ne No Nio Ni Niz Nis Na Indicator This is only used in the GTIN 14 Number It takes the value 1 to 8 for fixed quantity trade items The value 9 for variable quantity trade items The simplest way to allocate the indicator is sequentially that is 1 2 3 to each grouping of a trade unit January 2006 13 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual Warning The number must always be used as a whole No processing of data should be based on any part of a GTIN The local structures of GS1 Company Prefixes and Item References to be completed by each Member Organisation 3 2 WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR NUMBERING TRADE ITEMS The general rule The brand owner the organisation that owns the specifications of the product regardless of where and by whom it is manufactured is normally responsible for the alloca
38. full advantage of the associated standards such as product and location numbering and bar coding in order to provide maximum efficiency and benefits to the user The use of such messaging and standards is increasing throughout the world The EDI performed by means of EANCOM messages requires using specially dedicated connections Value Added Network VANs are very reliable yet quite expensive and require special service That is the reason why mainly it was the biggest companies that were able to invest in such infrastructure The SMEs continued using the old paper based and error prone exchange of business documents Along with the rapid development of the Internet enterprises expressed the need to use this medium also for exchange of business documents A response to that need was XML eXtensible Mark up Language used for automatic exchange of business information between applications over the Internet There have been several standard XML messages developed by GS1 All of them use the standard reference numbers like GTIN or GLN For further information about those new standards interested users should contact their local GS1 Member Organisation January 2006 48 O Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual 13 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Detailed information can be found either at the website www gst org or by contacting the local GS1 Member Organisation the contact list can be accessed via www gs1 org contact The
39. git according to the Modulo 10 algorithm specified in the GS1 General Specifications Refers to the retail type checkout where bar code symbols are normally scanned A clear space containing no machine readable marks which precedes the Start Character of a bar code symbol and follows the Stop Character Formerly referred to as Clear Area or Light Margin A greater than gt or less than lt character printed in the human readable field of the bar code symbol with the tip aligned with the outer edge of the Quiet Zone January 2006 52 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual Restricted Circulation Numbers Signifies a GS1 identification number used for special applications in restricted environments defined by the local GS1 Member Organisation e g restricted within a country company industry They are allocated by GS1 for either internal use by companies or to GS1 Member Organisations for assignment based on business needs in their country e g variable measure product identification couponing scanner Serial Shipping Container Code substrate supplier symbol symbol character Symbol Contrast symbology trade item trade measures transaction type truncation U P C Company Prefix U P C Prefix unrestricted distribution UPC A Bar Code Symbol UPC E Bar Code Symbol variable measure trade item wide to narrow ratio X dimension January 2006
40. h a substrate e g flexography ink jet dot peening A family of bar code symbols including EAN 8 EAN 13 UPC A and UPC E Bar Code Symbols Although UPC E Bar Code Symbols do not have a separate Symbology Identifier they act like a separate symbology through the scanning application software See also EAN 8 Bar Code Symbol EAN 13 Bar Code Symbol UPC A Bar Code Symbol and UPC E Bar Code Symbol A bar code symbol of the EAN UPC Symbology that encodes GTIN 13 Symbol Coupon 13 RCN 13 and VMN 13 EAN 8 Bar Code A bar code symbol of the EAN UPC Symbology that encodes GTIN 8 Symbol EANCOM The GS1 standard for Electronic Data Interchange EDI is a detailed implementation guideline of the UN EDIFACT standard messages using the GS1 Identification Keys January 2006 50 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual Electronic Commerce Electronic Message Element String Extension digit fixed length Fixed Measure Trade Item Function Code 1 FNC1 General Distribution Scanning Global Individual Asset Identifier Global Location Number Global Returnable Asset Identifier Global Service Relation Number Global Trade Item Number GS1 Check Digit Calculation GS1 Company Prefix GS1 General Specifications GS1 Global Office GS1 Identification Key GS1 Identification Keys GS1 Member Organisation The conduct of business communications and management through electronic methods such a
41. hange EDI and Global Data Ssynchronisation to improve the speed and accuracy of communication This manual only provides information about the numbering system bar codes and scanning For information about EDI or GDSN please refer www gs1 org As well as providing unique identifying numbers the system also provides for additional information such as best before dates serial numbers and batch numbers to be shown in a bar coded form These are particularly important to achieve traceability Following the principles and design of the GS1 System means that users can design applications to process GS1 data automatically The system logic January 2006 5 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual guarantees that data captured from bar codes produces unambiguous electronic messages and the processing of them can be fully pre programmed The system is designed to be used in any industry trade or public sector and any changes to the system are introduced so that they do not disrupt current users The application of the GS1 System can result in significant improvements in logistic operations reduction of paperwork costs shorter order and delivery lead times increased accuracy and better management of the supply and demand chains Enormous costs savings are realised daily by user companies who have adopted the GS1 System because they apply the same solution for communicating with all their trading partners while remaining entirely free
42. hat uniquely identify the meaning and the format of the data field following the Al The data following the Al may comprise alphabetic and or numeric characters of any length up to thirty characters The data fields are either of fixed or variable length depending on the Al Attribute data are associated with a trade item or a logistic unit and have no meaning if isolated Attribute data may be represented in GS1 128 using Als There is a range of Als for attributes such as weight area or volume The measure attributes that can be used on trade items are called trade measures these are always net measures and attributes for Logistic Units are called logistics measures these are always gross measures The following table is extracted from the complete list see Appendix 4 for the complete list of Application Identifiers Content Format SSCC n2 n18 Global Trade Item Number n2 n14 GTIN of trade items contained in a logistic unit n2 n14 Batch number n2 an 20 Production date n2 n6 Best Before Date YYMMDD n2 n6 Expiration Date YYMMDD n2 n6 Serial number n2 an 20 Net weight kilograms n4 n6 Count of trade items contained in a logistic unit n2 n 8 Consignment number n3 an 30 Ship to deliver to postal code n3 an 20 The format symbols denote n numeric characters an alpha numeric characters Variable length field figures number of characters X indicates the position of a decimal point Jan
43. ith the corresponding details The GLN can be used in many ways For example in EDI communications the GLN can be used to identify all relevant physical locations and in bar coded form with Application Identifiers that have been defined for GLNs Deliver to location Al 410 Invoice to location Al 411 Purchased from location Al 412 Ship for Deliver for Forward to location Al 413 Physical Location Al 414 Location Number of the Invoicing Party Al 415 The web site www gs1 org ginrules provides more details on GLN January 2006 46 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual 12 Hectronic Data Interchange Every day businesses generate and process a staggering volume of paper documents These documents ranging from purchase orders and invoices to product catalogues and sales reports provide the vital information that will precede accompany or follow the physical goods in a commercial transaction Electronic Data Interchange EDI provides trading partners with an efficient business tool for the automatic transmission of commercial data from one computer application directly to another In EDI all paper business documents sent previously between companies have been replaced by messages suitable for exchange by electronic means between computer applications EDI is the transfer of structured data by agreed message standards from one computer application to another by electronic means and with a minimum
44. kaging by the supplier The mandatory SSCC is applied here as the unit identifier Trade item identification GTIN would also be applied here when used Other information that may be of primary interest to the supplier but might also be useful for customers and carriers can be applied This includes product related information such as product variant dates such as production packaging expiration and best before dates as well as lot batch and serial numbers 2 Customer section Information contained in this section is generally known at the time of order and order processing by the supplier Typical information includes the ship to location purchase order number and customer specific routing and handling information 3 Carrier section Information contained in this section is generally known at the time of shipment and is typically related to transport Typical information includes ship to postal codes consignment numbers and carrier specific routing and handling information January 2006 40 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual 4 Label examples Ne 00 006141411234567890 The basic label an SSCC Frov TO GRAND SUPPLIER GREAT VALUE 5 STREET 8163 NEW CAJUN BOSTON MA DAYTON OHIO USA USA SHIP TO POST 45458 CONSIGNMENT 541234550127501 B E 853930 401 541234550127501 PO 345 896779 0 DWCP 9684584 23 _Zones4 IIS STORE HO 4 STORE 49 SHIP TO LOC 0614141000531 00 0061414
45. mation in regard to the item is a very important step in the relationship between supplier and customer and all third parties This information is used in a wide range of processes in demand and supply chains Most processes cannot be carried out correctly if the proper item information is not available an example would be when a cashier scans an item but the cash register displays the message unknown item However there are many other processes such as ordering invoicing and stockroom operations when it is essential to have the correct item information Therefore in addition to the flow of goods there is a flow of information necessary between trading partners January 2006 21 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual Comprehensive information should be transmitted e Name of the supplier and the GLN of the company e Date of application date from which the trading partners may use the information e GTIN of the trade item e A full product description for EDI messages or for the documents relating to the transaction and an abbreviated description for the point of sale e The physical characteristics of the trade item including dimensions net weight e Description of the various standard groupings of the trade item including the number of single trade items contained in larger trade units e GTINs allocated to these items in a 14 digit field e Description of the pallet or the palletisation pattern e The GTIN and the qu
46. mpossible to apply a bar code for example on a very small cosmetic or on a unit of electricity a load of sand etc It would then be possible to use the number for example in electronic data interchange EDI messages Users should take the following considerations into account when choosing between the different symbologies e Space available on the item to be bar coded e Type of information to be bar coded GTIN only or GTIN and additional information attributes e Operational environment in which the bar code symbol is to be scanned retail point of sale or general distribution e g in a warehouse racking January 2006 33 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual Various GS1 identification numbers can be represented in specific bar code symbols Number Can be represented with symbols EAN 8 ITF 14 GS1 128 After adding Indicator digit and 5 filling zeros The GTIN 8 GTIN 8 gt number assigned to small retail items see Chapter 4 can be used to create GTIN 14 for uniform groupings indicator digit values 1 8 However for mixed groupings new GTINs must be assigned as they are very unlikely to be so small as to justify assigning a new GTIN 8 number UPC E UPC A GTIN 12 D ea Certain numbers only see Chapter 4 EAN 13 GTIN 13 gt ITF 14 GS1 128 ITF 14 GTIN 14 D Heese Certain symbols can be used only to mark some types of items i e Small retail items General
47. n January 2006 58 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual All Application Identifiers continued 37 Count of Trade Items Contained in a COUNT Logistic Unit 390 n Amount Payable single monetary area AMOUNT 391 n Amount Payable with ISO currency code n4 n3 n 15 AMOUNT 392 n Amount Payable for a Variable Measure n4 n 15 PRICE Trade Item single monetary unit 393 n Amount Payable for a Variable Measure n4 n3 n 15 PRICE Trade Item with ISO currency code 400 Customer s Purchase Order Number n3 an 30 ORDER NUMBER Consignment Number CONSIGNMENT 402 Shipment Identification Number SHIPMENT NO 4037 Rowing Code h3san s0 ROUTE 410 Ship To Deliver To Global Location n3 n13 SHIP TO LOC Number 411 Bill To Invoice To Global Location n3 n13 BILL TO Number Purchased From Global Location PURCHASE Number FROM 413 Ship For Deliver For Forward To n3 n13 SHIP FOR LOC Global Location Number 414 Identification of a Physical Location n3 n13 LOC No Global Location Number 415 Global Location Number of the Invoicing n3 n13 PAY TO Party 420 Ship To Deliver To Postal Code Within n3 an 20 SHIP TO POST a Single Postal Authority E p j 421 Ship To Deliver To Postal Code With 3 n3 n3 an 9 SHIP TO POST Digit ISO Country Code Country of Origin of a Trade Item n3 n3 ORIGIN 423 Country of Initial Processing n3 n3 n 9 COUNTRY INITIAL PROCESS 424 Country of Pr
48. n determining which orientation to print the bar code the print process involved should be taken into account For example when using a flexographic process it is essential to print the bar code in the print direction because of the ink spread associated with this printing process When using a lithography process spread is usually insignificant In all cases the printer should be consulted For more information on print quality see the GS1 General Specifications and the brochure GS1 Bar Code Verification for Linear Symbols Symbol placement guidelines Productivity and scanning accuracy improve considerably when the bar code location is predictable Consistency in the location of the bar code achieves maximum productivity in any scanning environment January 2006 25 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual 1 Symbol placement guidelines for retail items The bar code including the human readable digits underneath identification number must be visible and free of any obstacles preventing it from scanning Never allow two bar codes encoding different GTINs to be visible on a package This is particularly relevant to multi packs especially those with clear wrapping Therefore multi packs must carry a separate GTIN with all internal bar codes obscured If the item is random wrapped the same bar code can be printed more than once on the wrapping This ensures that one complete bar code is always visible aper I
49. nal dimensions X dimension 1 mm the GS1 128 Symbols can be printed with a magnification factor ranging from 25 to 100 To ensure efficient reading in any environment including conveyorised scanning a minimum magnification factor of 50 should be used 6 3 CONSIDERATIONS ON THE USE OF THE SYMBOLOGIES The GS1 128 Symbology can be used to encode data beyond the GTIN If for any reason there is a need to print additional information besides the GTIN serial number etc and the trade unit is already marked with a GTIN encoded in an EAN 13 ITF 14 or GS1 128 with Application Identifier 01 Symbol then it is possible either e To apply a label with the additional information in a GS1 128 Symbol in addition to the previously marked symbol All the symbols should then be horizontally aligned e To apply a label covering the existing symbols The GTIN represented in the original symbol must then be printed on the label with the other chosen attribute data preferably using a concatenated GS1 128 symbol 6 4 CHOOSING BETWEEN BAR CODES Numbering items and the physical application of the bar code are two separate operations It is quite usual that different companies carry them out at separate sites The source the brand name holder usually assigns the number to the item and the manufacturer applies it to the packaging It is also possible to number an item without applying a bar code This could occur when it is virtually i
50. ocessing n3 n3 COUNTRY PROCESS 425 Country of Disassembly n3 n3 COUNTRY DISASSEMBLY 426 Country covering full Process Chain n3 n3 COUNTRY FULL PROCESS January 2006 59 O Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual n Indicates the decimal point position All Application Identifiers continued 7001 NATO Stock Number NSN 7002 UN ECE Meat Carcasses and Cuts MEAT CUT Classification 703 s Approval number of processor with ISO n4 n3 an 27 PROCESSOR s country code 8001 Roll Products Width Length Core n4 n14 DIMENSIONS Diameter Direction And Splices 8002 Electronic Serial Identifier For Cellular n4 an 20 CMT No Mobile Telephones 8003 Global Returnable Asset Identifier n4 n14 an 16 GRAI 8004 Global Individual Asset Identifier GIAI 8005 Price Per Unit of Measure PRICE PER UNIT 8006 Identification of the Component of a Trade n4 n14 n2 n GCTIN Item 2 8007 International Bank Account Number IBAN 8008 Date and Time of Production PROD TIME 8018 Global Service Relation Number n4 n18 GSRN 8020 Payment Slip Reference Number REF No 8100 GS1 128 Coupon Extended Code NSC n4 n1 n5 Offer Code 8101 GS1 128 Coupon Extended Code NSC n4 n1 n5 n4 Offer Code End Of Offer Code 8102 GS1 128 Coupon Extended Code NSC n4 nt nt 90 Information Mutually Agreed Between n2 an 30 INTERNAL Trading Partners Including FACT Dis 91 99 Company Internal Information INTERN
51. of human intervention This interchange concerns trade transactions and the associated commercial logistics and financial implications For every organisation the successful implementation of EDI will be a multi disciplinary project requiring a high level of commitment not only from senior management but also from a broad spectrum of functional managers responsible for different areas of activity Corporate policies and procedures will need to be examined Current functional procedures may require revision and new business relationships could be established and managed At the centre of the system lies the better use and sharing of information both internally and between trading partners so that inter dependency can be more informed and reliable There are two major areas in which the EDI is standardised in GS1 System EANCOM and XML EANCOM is a detailed implementation guideline of the UN EDIFACT standard messages It comprises business messages with clear definitions and explanations on how to use all the data fields This allows trading partners to exchange commercial documents in a simple accurate and cost effective manner There are various types of messages to answer all business requirements at the various stages of a trade relationship Master data messages describe relevant parties and products Commercial transactions start with the ordering and end with the debit multiple advice or a credit multiple advice messages
52. oint of sale retail items These are to be identified with a GTIN 13 Number If they are very small a GTIN 8 Number or a zero suppressed UCC 12 is used Since January 2005 North American users accept GTIN 13 Identification Numbers and EAN 13 Bar Codes Prior to this time companies selling goods in the American and Canadian markets were required to use a GTIN 12 data structure represented in a UPC A or UPC E Symbol A trade item which can be sold in different measures is known as a Variable Measure Trade ltem for example pre packed fruit and vegetables or meat products sold by weight and such trade items are subject to specific rules described in Chapter 9 Specific rules also exist for books serial publications printed sheet music or products that are not sold in open environments These special cases are treated in Chapter 10 Trade items not sold through retail outlets may be packaged in a wide variety of ways such as a fibreboard case a covered or banded pallet a film wrapped tray a crate with bottles etc Such items can be identified in different ways e By allocating a specific GTIN 13 GTIN 12 or GTIN 8 Number e Alternatively by allocating a GTIN 14 Number This is formed by taking the number allocated to the trade item contained and preceding the number by an indicator which can take the value 1 to 8 This solution is only available for homogeneous groupings of standard trade items where all units contained in the
53. rders Companies which export must adopt the solutions in force in the country of destination details are available at the respective GS1 Member Organisation 9 2 NON RETAIL VARIABLE MEASURE TRADE ITEMS The GTIN 14 Identification Number with the indicator 9 is used to identify a non retail Variable Measure Trade Item To complete the identification of a trade item the presence of the specific measure of the item is mandatory When several non retail Variable Measure Trade Items exist for a specific retail Variable Measure Trade Item each one must be allocated its own GTIN starting with a 9 The following is an example of a complete identification number in bar coded form configured for measuring an item in kilograms For other measures see the full list of Als in Appendix 4 of this document or consult the GS7 General Specifications January 2006 42 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual 0 1 9 N No Na Ng Ns Ne Nz Ng No Nig Ni Nio C 3 1 0 X M Mo M My M Me There are two ways to translate this information into a bar code e Preferably with a GS1 128 to encode the identification number and the measure in a single symbol using Application Identifier 01 for the GTIN and one of the Als from 3100 to 3169 or Al 8001 for the measure e Or it is possible to have the GTIN encoded in an ITF 14 Symbol and the measure in a GS1 128 Symbol The measure is always expressed in six digits in the unit of measure defin
54. refixes showing 000000 and 001000 to 007999 in positions N to Ng are not available in this UPC E option see next page January 2006 55 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual UPC E option for the identification of trade items for company internal distribution N3 Na Ns Ne N Ng No Nio Nu No GTIN 12 Identification number of trade Check Representediin URCE digit symbol positions 2 3 4 5 6 Velocity version 1000 UPC E The above figure shows the construction principle of UPC E for trade item numbering for restricted distribution company internal These Identification Numbers are not unambiguous when leaving the applying company Remarks concerning the above two tables Each number position must only contain the digits shown in the upper and lower lines of each section and those in between On decoding the extension to full length is determined by the value of the number in single quotes in the column Represented in UPC E symbol positions The Check Digit calculated as described in Appendix 1 applies to the entire Identification Number In the UPC E bar code symbol it is implicitly represented by the parity combination of the six symbol characters which are actually encoded January 2006 56 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual APPENDIX 3 Dimensions of modules and symbols at different magnification factor Magnification Module width EAN 13 UPC A dimensions EAN 8 dimensions factor ideal mm mm
55. respecting the proper Quiet Zone areas around the bar code symbol and the edge rule The alternative is on the lower quadrant of another side of the container Edge rule The bar code symbol must not be closer than 8 mm or farther than 100 mm from any edge of the package container 2 Symbol placement guidelines on non retail items The minimum requirement is to place at least one bar code symbol on each trade item or logistics unit However the best practice is to fix two labels to adjacent sides of items packaged for transport a On cartons and outer cases The lower edge of bar should be located 32 mm from the natural base of the item Including Quiet Zones the symbol should be at least 19 mm from the vertical edges When using an ITF 14 Bar Code the outer edges of the bar code s left or right bearer bar should be a minimum of 19 mm from the vertical edges of the side of the item January 2006 28 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual b On pallets For pallets labels should be placed so that all the bar code symbols are at a height of between 400 mm and 800 mm from the base of the unit and no closer than 50 mm from the vertical edge h lt 800 mm 32 c On shallow trays and cases If the height of a case or tray is less than 50 mm and printing a full height bar code with the human readable interpretation below the bars is impossible or if the construction of the unit prevents accommodation of
56. retail items Non retail items EAN 8 UPC A ITF 14 UPC E EAN 13 GS1 128 January 2006 34 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual The following diagram will help users to choose between options Retail item Very small item Today the majority of scanning systems cannot process General additional data at the retail point of sale Work is underway distributi 9 within the Global Standards Management Process GSMP IStrioution 3 to provide a global standard solution in this area Future value added solutions are likely to be based upon RSS Reduced Space Symbology no Direct online printing on corrugated ITF 14 or Gs1 128 Extra data required Extra data required ITF 14 8 or GS1 128 EAN 13 UPC A ITF 14 GS1 128 GS1 128 1 Quality issue when printing GS1 128 on corrugated GS1 128 can encode additional data to the GTIN as well as the GTIN itself Healthcare Item Very small item no January 2006 35 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual 7 APPLICATION IDENTIFERS Als GS1 128 is an extremely flexible symbology It allows representation of data of variable length and makes it possible to encode several pieces of information in one bar code symbol This is called concatenation An Application Identifier is the field of two or more characters at the beginning of an Element String Als are prefixes t
57. ributors retailers hospitals and final clients or consumers Many businesses are expanding their distribution channels towards markets and clients that may not be traditional for them into other sectors of industry or are required to meet traceability requirements A business that chooses an industry specific standard will face the potentially high costs of maintaining multiple systems if it wants to sell its products or services or simply communicate outside its closed world Many operations which are essential for the efficiency of trade and the optimisation of the supply and demand chains depend on the accuracy of identification of the products exchanged services rendered and or locations involved The GS1 System is a set of standards enabling the efficient management of global multi industry supply chains by uniquely identifying products shipping units assets locations and services It facilitates electronic commerce processes including full tracking and traceability The identification numbers can be represented in bar code symbols to enable electronic reading at point of sale when being received at warehouses or at any other point where it is required in business processes The system is designed to overcome the limitations of using company organisation or sector specific coding systems and to make trading much more efficient and more responsive to customers These identifying numbers are also used in electronic data interc
58. rld wide uniqueness within the relevant area of application January 2006 7 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual 2 2 NUMBERING SYSTEM The numbering system has three main elements which are explained in this manual Global Trade Item Number SSCC and Global Location Number GLOBAL TRADE ITEM NUMBER GTIN The GTIN is a number used for the unique identification of trade items world wide A trade item is any item product or service upon which there is a need to retrieve pre defined information and that may be priced ordered or invoiced for trade between participants at any point in any supply chain The identification and symbol marking of trade items enables the automation of the retail point of sale through price look up files of products receiving inventory management automatic re ordering sales analysis and a wide range of other business applications Examples A can of paint sold to a final consumer a box of 6 cans of paint a case containing 24 boxes of one kilo of lawn fertiliser a multi pack consisting of one shampoo and one conditioner SERIAL SHIPPING CONTAINER CODE SSCC The SSCC Serial Shipping Container Code is a number which is used for the unique identification of logistic transport and or storage units A Logistic Unit is an item of any composition established for transport and or storage which needs to be managed throughout the supply chain SSCC can be encoded in a GS1 128
59. s A GS1 System algorithm for the calculation of a Check Digit to verify accuracy of data Part of the GS1 System identification number consisting of a GS1 Prefix and a Company Number both of which are allocated by GS1 Member Organisations Defines the GS1 System data and application standards related to the marking and automatic identification of trade items locations logistic units assets and more using bar code RFID and GS1 Identification Keys Based in Brussels Belgium and Princeton USA is an organisation of GS1 Member Organisations that manages the GS1 System A numeric or alphanumeric field managed by GS1 to ensure the global unambiguous uniqueness of the identifier in the open demand or supply chain A globally managed system of numbering used by all GS1 Business Units to identify trade items logistic units locations legal entities assets service relationships and more The Keys are built by combining GS1 member company identifiers GS1 Company Prefix with standards based rules for allocating reference numbers A member of GS1 that is responsible for administering the GS1 System in its country or assigned area This task includes but is not restricted to ensuring user companies make correct use of the GS1 System have access to education training promotion and implementation support and have access to play an active role in GSMP January 2006 51 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual
60. s Electronic Data Interchange EDI and automated data collection systems A composition of Element Strings from scanned data and transaction information assembled for data validation and unambiguous processing in a user application A piece of data defined in structure and meaning comprising an identification part prefix or Application Identifier and a data part represented in a GS1 System endorsed data carrier A digit allocated by the user used to increase the capacity of the Serial Reference within the SSCC Serial Shipping Container Code Term used to describe a data field in an Element String with an established number of characters An item always produced in the same pre defined version e g type size weight contents design that may be sold at any point in the supply chain A symbology element used to form the double start pattern of a GS1 128 Bar Code Symbol It is also used to separate certain concatenated Element Strings dependent on their positioning in the bar code symbol Scanning environments that include bar coded trade items packaged for transport logistic units assets and location tags The GS1 Identification Key for an individual asset The GS1 Identification Key to identify physical or legal entities The GS1 Identification Key for returnable assets The GS1 Identification Key used to identify the relationship between a service provider and service recipient The GS1 Identification Key for trade item
61. s iene 32 ESAS A 32 6 3 CONSIDERATIONS ON THE USE OF THE SYMBOLOGIES ecccoccccncccccononononcnnninnnnncnnonos 33 6 4 CHOOSING BETWEEN BAR CODES ococconccoconononocnnonnonacancnnononononnnonnonnnnncn nono cnc rnnnnnoncnnnnnss 33 7 APPLICATION IDENTIFIERS Als sesessessesescesssoesecoesosoesesossescesosoesesocsosesesossoe 36 LOGISTIC UNITS s sscsncesscsccestossessescsesneessnsnacsendesssadeeniestenteehectentcsceancesesnedesteenadee se 38 Sl D m l o Te D DA E E E E SEE pt 38 January 2006 2 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual 2 THE LOGISTICS LABEL ui 39 Representation of information ec eceeecseeeecseeseceseeeessecseeeeesecseesecneeecsaeeeesaesaeesesneseeeeaees 39 Label DESI iire ii loo llo lao iia 39 9 VARIABLE MEASURE TRADE ITEMS cssssssssssccssscssesscssessessecesseneesesees 42 9 1 RETAIL VARIABLE MEASURE TRADE ITEMS cece ceeeecseeeecseeeeceseeeeesecneeseeneeseeeas 42 9 2 NON RETAIL VARIABLE MEASURE TRADE ITEMS cece ecseeeceseeeceseceeeeeneeeeeees 42 10 SPECIAL CASES 00 naa ea 44 Books serial publications and printed sheet MUSIC ooooonconnccnncnnocnoonconnconoconcnnoconocnnconnconncnnos 44 Company internal numbering in a store or Warehouse ooooocncconnnonoccnnonncononnnononncnn nono nanann no 44 The numbering of COUPONS cecceeccesessseesceeeceeeceseceseceseceaeeeseeeeeeeeeeeseseeeseeeseeeaeenseenaeenes 44 Other special SOlUtiOns krai 45 11 GLOBAL LOCATI
62. s minimum height recommendations Truncation can make the symbol difficult for an operator to scan A special representation of aGS1 Company Prefix constructed from a U P C Prefix and a Company Number The U P C Company Prefix is only used to create GTIN 12 Coupon 12 RCN 12 and VMC 12 which are encoded in a U P C Bar Code Symbol A special representation of the GS1 Prefixes 00 09 with the leading zero removed Signifies that such system data may be applied on goods to be processed anywhere in the world without restraint as to such things as country company and industry A bar code symbol of the EAN UPC Symbology that encodes GTIN 12 Coupon 12 RCN 12 and VMN 12 A bar code symbol of the EAN UPC Symbology representing a GTIN 12 in six explicitly encoded digits using zero suppression techniques An item always produced in the same pre defined version e g type design packaging that may be sold at any point in the supply chain which either may vary in weight size by its nature or which may be traded without a pre defined weight size length The ratio between the wide elements and the narrow elements in a bar code symbology such as ITF 14 which has two different element widths The specified width of the narrow element in a bar code symbol 53 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual 15 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 Standard Check Digit Calculations of GS1 Data Structures Ni No Ng Ng Ne Ni No Ns Na N
63. size of a bar code in GS1 System had been expressed as a Magnification Factor multiplication of a theoretical ideal width and height values lt assumed a fixed ratio between the X dimension of a symbol its narrowest element and its height which did not hold true for some symbologies For this reason the Magnification Factor term was removed from the GS1 General Specifications and the bar code size has been defined by setting the minimum target amp maximum X dimension for each symbology depending on the application in which the given symbol is to be used The minimum symbol height must be respected It should be noted however that increased symbol height results in improved scanning rates The sizes for all GS1 endorsed symbologies are defined in GS1 General Specifications Section 5 4 GS1 System Symbol Specification Tables However as a legacy after the previous specification a lot of printing devices producing GS1 bar code symbols still use the Magnification Factor for specifying the size of a symbol Therefore in Chapter 6 2 presenting the GS1 endorsed symbologies the Magnification Factor method is still used along with minimum and maximum size of each bar code including min and max height January 2006 24 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual Quiet Zones All types of bar codes must have Quiet Zones before the first bar and after the last bar This Quiet Zone is extremely important and must be respected
64. ta 2 New item in the assortment The GTIN should be passed on as a matter of course during the first contact between the account manager and the buyer 3 New GTIN allocated If a change in the product demands a new number the new GTIN must be notified immediately to the partner when they are being January 2006 22 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual notified of the item change The information must be given to the trading partner in ample time before the goods concerned are supplied 4 Promotions with a different GTIN Many retailers plan promotional special offers well in advance The special offers are often preceded by a registration procedure which makes it essential that the GTINs are notified well in advance It is recommended that this should be done as early as possible when the initial contact relating to a special offer is being made 5 Temporary replacement item with a different GTIN from the normal item If for whatever reason a manufacturer supplies an item with a different GTIN from the one expected by the trading partner it is essential that the new GTIN is forwarded and entered into the database in time 6 Rack jobbing also Known as vendor refill It may be possible that a rack jobber restocks an item on the shelf that has a different GTIN which has not yet been entered in the database Rack jobbers should therefore always check whether the GTIN on the item is the same as that usually present on the shelf
65. the full symbol height the following options should be considered in this order of preference 1 Place the Human Readable Interpretation to the left of the symbol outside the compulsory Quiet Zones 2 When the height of the unit is less than 32 mm the symbol may be placed on the top of the package The symbol should be placed with the bars perpendicular to the shortest side no closer than 19 mm from any edge January 2006 29 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual 6 2 BAR CODE TYPES USED IN GS1 SYSTEM EAN UPC Symbols Trade items that are sold through retail outlets must be bar coded with one of the EAN UPC Symbols EAN 13 UPC A or EAN 8 or UPC E These symbols may also be used for trade items not for retail sale If printing conditions and or the quality of substrate are not adequate to print the bar code symbol directly on the package the symbol may be printed on a label affixed to it The following bar code symbols are shown here in nominal dimensions magnification factor 100 including Quiet Zones The minimum and maximum sizes are given for each type of bar code See Appendix 3 for a detailed table of dimensions of EAN UPC Symbols EAN 8 Symbol lt 3765 4320 gt Min size 21 38 mm x 17 mm Max size 53 46 mm x 43 mm Nominal dimensions 26 73 mm x 21 mm X dimension at nominal size 0 330 mm NOTE Bar code height has been rounded EAN 13 Symbol 08s Min size 29 83 mm x 21 mm Max siz
66. ting label is small in comparison with the pack area or by the use of an additional label e Whether a truncated symbol can be used A truncated symbol a symbol of normal length but of reduced height may only be used if there is absolutely no possibility of printing a symbol in full size Truncation removes the symbol s omni directional scanning capability A symbol with excessive truncation will not be of any practical use Users considering this option are advised to consult their customers to see if an acceptable compromise can be reached A GTIN 8 Number may only be used e If the EAN 13 Bar Code Symbol in the size required as a result of print quality studies exceeds either 25 of the largest side of the printed label area or 12 5 of the total printable area e f either the largest side of the printed label is less than 40 cm or the total printable area is less than 80 cm e Oncylindrical products with diameter less than 3 cm U P C Company Prefixes beginning with zero can be used to construct GTINs that can be used in UPC E Symbols for small products Distribution of these Company Prefixes is restricted to demonstrated need only e g for items whose packaging does not include enough available space to permit the use of another symbol Companies with these prefixes are encouraged to manage their finite resources Carefully Technical details of UPC E representation of GTIN 12 Numbers are described in Appendix 2 Further details
67. tion of the GTIN On joining a GS1 Member Organisation the brand owner receives a GS1 Company Prefix which is for the sole use of the company to which it is assigned The GS1 Company Prefix may not be sold leased or given in whole or in a part for use by any other company The brand owner will therefore be e The manufacturer or supplier If a company manufactures the product itself or has it manufactured in any other country and sells it under a brand name that belongs to the manufacturer or supplier e The importer or wholesaler If the importer or wholesaler has the product manufactured in any country and sells it under a brand name that belongs to the company If the importer or wholesaler changes the product for example by modifying the packaging of the article e The retailer If the retailer has the product manufactured in any country and sells it under a brand name that belongs to the retailer Exceptions e Ifan item is not given a GTIN at source the importer or intermediary may at the request of its clients assign it a temporary GTIN However it is preferable for the manufacturer to assign the number On the other hand the retailer can assign an internal number to an item that does not yet have a GTIN assigned to it for use within the store This method is described in the section dealing with company internal numbering and is found in Chapter 10 January 2006 14 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual e It
68. to run internal applications at their own discretion January 2006 6 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual 2 BASICSAND PRINCIPLES OF THE GS1 SYSTEM 2 1 AREAS OF APPLICATIONS The GS1 System has different areas of application that include trade items logistic units assets and locations These applications rely on data structures by which all relevant items and their data can be identified The numbers are the keys to access databases and to identify unambiguously items handled in all messages of a transaction The data structures are used to ensure globally unique identification and do not give any meaning in the number All information that describes a product or a service and its characteristics are to be found in databases They are communicated from a supplier to a user once before the first transaction either by using standard messages or by consultation of electronic catalogues The numbers are represented in bar codes to allow automatic data capture at each point where an item leaves or enters a premises Bar codes are usually included in the production process at the producer site they are either pre printed with other information present in the packaging or a label is affixed to the item on the production line The same numbers are also used in EDI messages to allow all information on the transaction of the item to be transferred to the relevant trading partners The data structures that are provided guarantee wo
69. trade item The administrator of a GS1 Company Prefix The party that provides freight transportation services or a physical or electronic mechanism that carries data A digit calculated from the other digits of an Element String used to check that the data has been correctly composed See GS1 Check Digit Calculation A component of the GS1 Company Prefix GS1 Member Organisations assign GS1 Company Prefixes to entities that administer the allocation of GS1 System identification numbers These entities may be for example commercial companies not for profit organisations governmental agencies and business units within organisations Criteria to qualify for the assignment of a GS1 Company Prefix are set by the GS1 Member Organisations The representation of several Element Strings in one bar code symbol A voucher that can be redeemed at the Point of Sale for a cash value or free item The party that receives buys or consumes an item or service A means to represent data in a machine readable form used to enable automatic reading of the Element Strings A letter digit or other symbol represented in the data field s of an element string The smallest part of the data part of an Element String that needs to be distinguished A standard abbreviated description of a data field used to denote the Human Readable Interpretation of encoded data A process in which the printing apparatus prints the symbol by making physical contact wit
70. uary 2006 36 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual 01 03123451234569 15 991224 10 LVI11 Example of a GS1 128 representing a GTIN a sell by date and a batch number The use of Als is governed by certain rules Some must always be used with others for example Al 02 must be followed by Al 37 Some Als must never be used together for example Al 01 and Al 02 Companies are not free to pick as they wish from the list of Als and must respect these basic rules which are fully explained in the GS1 General Specifications January 2006 37 Copyright 2006 GS1 GS1 Global User Manual 8 LOGISTIC UNITS A Logistic Unit is an item of any composition established for transport and or storage which needs to be managed through the supply chain Tracking and tracing of Logistic Units in the supply chain is a major application of the GS1 System For this purpose a standard Identification Number known as the SSCC identifies Logistic Units This number is unique to each specific Logistic Unit and is in principle sufficient for all logistic applications If trading partners including carriers and third parties all read SSCCs exchange EDI messages between them that give full descriptions of the Logistic Units and have the relevant file on line when reading the SSCC to access these descriptions then no other information would be needed besides the SSCC But all these conditions are still rarely met so it is recognised that
71. which of the new companies should take the old or new GS1 Company Prefix should be made so as to minimise the number of changes to GTINs that will be required The decision should be part of the legal arrangements that set up the new companies It is not necessary for existing stocks of items to be renumbered However when any of the de merged companies has trade items that are numbered from a GS1 Company Prefix that it no longer holds then it should renumber those items using its own GS1 Company Prefix when new labelling or packaging is produced Customers should be notified well in advance of the changes De merged companies that retain a GS1 Company Prefix must keep a record of the GTINs created from their prefix that have been allocated to items they no longer own They must not reuse these GTINs for a period of at least four years after the company that split away who owns those items last supplied the goods identified by those GTINs Therefore the company that did not retain the Company Prefix has to keep the company that did maintain the prefix informed This is particularly important in regard to the dates on which the goods were last supplied with the original GTIN and they should guarantee a date by which the GTIN will be changed 3 5 WHEN A GTIN CAN BE RE USED GTINs allocated to trade items which have become obsolete must not be re used for another trade item until at least 48 months have elapsed from the date the original trade it

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