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A Bilingual User's Guide for the Decision SupportTool for Managing

1. ReVeglH Ae Warning ReVeglH is a general modelling tool that provides strategic guidance at the regional level only Operationally it does NOT provide 10096 accurate detailed or complete information for each potential re vegetation area Before you commence any re vegetation activities you must ALWAYS check that the results correspond with on the ground conditions You must NOT act nor rely on the results of ReVeglH without seeking confirmation from an independent expert regarding the suitability and use of trees and shrubs for each particular re vegetation area Authors LingTao Lia Tim R McVicar Tom G Van Nief Lu Zhang Rui Li QinKe Yang XiaoPing Zhang XingMin Mu ZhongMing Wen WenZhao Liu Yong An Zhao ZhiHong Liu a CSIRO Land and Water GPO Box 1666 Canberra 2601 ACT Australia Tel 61 2 6246 5809 e mail lingtao li csiro au and tim mcvicar csiro au Institute of Soil and Water Conservation ISWC Chinese Academy of Sciences 26 Xinong Road Yangling Shaanxi Province China Tel 86 29 8701 2412 e mail lirui ms iswc ac cn and qkyang ms iswc ac cn Cover The main photograph shows a
2. WUF WUFA 100 CSIRO Land and Water Page 6 Wen et al 2005 DEM Re vegetation area dataset this dataset spatially defines at 100 m resolution where the recommended areas are for re vegetation It consists of two parts the target level and the land limit type Target level The delineation of target
3. CSIRO Land and Water Page 22 The toolbar red C in Figure 6 allows the user to choose various options for map display and information display Available tools from top to bottom are ZoomToRegion ZoomToCSHC Zoomln ZoomOut Pan Pointer Search and Showlnfo This part is also accessible through menu Z Tools See 2 2 3 for available tools and their purposes You can e Choose a tool and consequently e Change the mode 2 2 4 Modelling output area D Figure 6 ZI D AB QURAN A ce EAA MUP ZR A CR KETAT PREZE mi K AIRE Figure 7 Pras HA 4 9 4 8 4 9 8
4. Figure 13 Figure 14 1 2 3 When the landuse land cover dataset is displayed the Woody cover scroll bar is active for adjusting the percent woody perennials of the selected region the modelled Runoff and ET data will change accordingly The steps are 1 select a region and then 2 Scroll the bar It is assumed we can not plant vegetation on water bodies urban areas and very steep slopes
5. The eco hydrological simulation process or the basic way ReVeglH is run to assess the impact of simulated re vegetation on runoff is demonstrated in Figure 5 After first selecting a catchment or county boundary percent woody cover can be simulated to change in two ways 1 adjusting percent woody cover using a slide bar or 2 selecting an appropriate target level priority area and land limit combination for which the percent woody cover is automatically pre defined The model then computes the output ET and runoff values In this way the user can simulate various management scenarios in order to determine the best option for the situation The first option allows generic catchment level or county level scenario modelling the percentage of woody cover over the whole catchment or county is simulated the exact location is not Known whereas the second option is spatially explicit using 100 m resolution data when modelling ET and runoff When the target level priority area and land limit combinations are used with the suitability mapping of the 38 species listed in Table 4 the full decision support capacity of ReVeglH is seen we explain how users can do this in sections 3 2 2 and 3 2 7 CSIRO Land and Water Page 15 Method 1 Active dataset Landuse Land Cover Start System Output resolution Catchment
6. To select a catchment use either Method 1 manually select by pointing and clicking the mouse in the area defined by the red B in Figure 6 1 In normal mode click on a catchment Method 2 make selection from a list via the Toolbar red C in Figure 6 1 click on the Search Tool Fa A catchment list will show up 2 scroll and choose one from the list Method 3 select from a list via menus red A in Kl Figure 6 CSIRO Land and Water Page 36 1 select Z Tools to open the menu 2 click 67 Catchment Search Once a catchment is selected its boundary changes to yellow and its name appears in red text in the bottom left corner of area D in J Figure 6 Users can then use the ZoomToRegion Tool Hel to zoom to that region If a user wants to search for a county then it must be mapped by counties red E in Figure 6 first The methods to select a county are the same as for a catchment except the dropdown menu list will be a county list rather than a catchment list Figure 11 Mapped by ese Mapped By Catchments Name list EB HeJinXian linge HeLinGeErXiar ENT ER Iu She Jinjiazhuang Egl Kuyehe River ARS Lamawan E XR bein longan AF OE JiaoKouXian f a EE JiaXian i Figure 11 The catch
7. The information for a given cell of a given dataset can be shown when the Show Info option is on See Toggle show information option above To view map information Method 1 from menu area red A in Figure 6 1 select i274 View Info to open the menu 2 click on an item Method 2 from popup menu when Show Info is on 1 point mouse cursor somewhere over the display area red B in Figure 6 2 right click mouse button shows the following menu LEECESE EINIEOCA DAL Re Vegetation Impact on Hydrology ACIAR Project LWR 2002 01 Show Dataset View Info LH Tools 88 Help Landuse Land Cover RIE Revegetation Area iS BtHte Vegetation Suitability apts All Species fete DEM ERTA All Trees EREA All Shrubs T AFP Common Species Common Trees TAREA Common Shrubs All Fruit Trees A user must choose normal mode pointer to activate the popup menu Landuse Land Cover Re vegetation Area DEM and Precipitation information will be shown at the mouse pointer while vegetation suitability information is shown on a separate window The information shown does not have to come from the displayed dataset That is a user CSIRO Land and Water Page 33 can display one dataset and view the information for one of the other datasets This is illustrated in
8. Comparison of SSG re vegetation priority and target areas for YanHe catchment For P1 to T3 inclusive the lighter bar on the left of the pair represents the WUF land limit while the darker bar on the right of the pair represents the WUFA land limit This graph is not dynamically generated by ReVeglH it summarises the pre processing similar summary graphs are provided in the Appendices of Wen et al 2005 for all 42 catchments and for the 36 counties that have over 90 of their area within the CSHC 2 2 8 Information of mouse over region H Sven ESHA CA Figure 6 A BE Figure 6 H SCR OO se The information shown in this area red H in Figure 6 changes as the user moves the mouse around The items shown include from left to right region name in Chinese and in English longitude and latitude area km current woody cover 96 and average annual precipitation mm The area statistic is the size of the region that is located in the CSHC the catchments are all located in the CSHC yet the county area in the CSHC may be smaller than the entire county due to the hydrologic determination of the study site boundary Please not
9. CSIRO Land and Water Technical Report 19 05 December 2005 Copyright 2005 2006 CSIRO and ISWC To the extent permitted by law all commercial rights are reserved and no part of this publication covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means for any commercial purpose Permission is granted for any copyright material contained in this publication to be used for any non commercial purpose which will assist the distribution promotion or use of the ReVeglH application Important Disclaimer The copyright owners advise that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in all specific situations No reliance or actions must therefore be made on that information without seeking prior expert professional scientific and technical advice To the extent permitted by law the copyright owners including their employees and consultants exclude all liability to any person for any consequences including but not limited to all losses damages costs expenses and any other compensation arising directly or indirectly from using this publication in part or in whole and any information or material contained in it ReVeglH
10. Search for a catchment or county from a dropdown list Turn on off Show Info option This menu allows the user to access the ReVeglH version information and Help file Table 10 ltems in Help menu Item How to use References About 2 2 2 Display area B Purpose Open ReVeglH help file Link to relevant journal papers and technical reports Open copyright window Figure 6 B RAR AP aye APO This area red B in J Figure 6 is reserved for map display At any time there is one vector dataset on top of a raster dataset The datasets displayed are selectable and zoomable Within this area you can e Select a catchment or county for simulation e Select which dataset information type to view and e Zoom and pan the display 2 2 3 Toolbar C Figure 6 CO
11. 1 w Zhang et al 2006 To reduce environmental degradation the Chinese Central Government established the National Forest Protection Project NFPP which aims to halt the destruction of natural forests Ye et al 2003 Under the umbrella of the NFPP the Grain for Green Tui Geng Huan Lin project was established to return cultivated land with slopes of 25 or more to perennial vegetation e g Ke and Zhou 2005 Wenhua 2004 Winkler 2002 Xu et al 2004 Yang 2004 Ye et al 2003 Since 1999 as part of the Grain for Green project or Sloping Land Conversion Program Xu et al 2004 over 7 million ha have been re vegetated with 5 9 million ha being converted in 2002 and 2003 Xu et al 2004 The Loess Plateau is one of the hot spots of environmental degradation in China erosion rates ranging from 20 000 to 30 000 t km year are commonly reported e g Xiang zhou et al 2004 with extremely high rates 59 700 t km year also being documented Shi and Shao 2000 The high erosion rates from the Loess Plateau mean that in the lower reaches of the Yellow River e on the North China Plain Figure 1 the bottom of the river bed is in places 20 m above the surrounding land surface Li 2003 about 25 of the sediment load is deposited on the river bed resulting in an increase of river bed height by 8 to 10 cm annually Douglas 1989
12. In order to reduce the massive soil erosion in the113 000 km Coarse Sandy Hilly Catchments CSHC of the Loess Plateau China vast expanses of land have been or are planned for re vegetation with deep rooted perennial species This re vegetation process will not only result in less soil erosion in the CSHC but also less runoff due to increased evapotranspiration ET The impact on surface hydrology has until now been largely ignored in the implementation of the re vegetation policy even though water is a critical resource driving food security in support of the hundreds of millions of people in the region To address this issue the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research ACIAR Project LWR 2002 018 was developed to further understand this regional eco hydrologic process and most importantly to provide mid to senior policy makers and soil and water managers at national regional and local scales of governance with information to make better decisions This technology transfer is primarily performed through a bilingual software application called Re Vegetation Impacts on Hydrology ReVeglH This report describes the various options and datasets available in ReVeglH and provides a guide to its users ReVeglH which was developed in Microsoft s NET environment using CZ calling some TIME The Invisible Modelling Environment functions is a stand alone application that
13. 2005 10 28 H 2005 10 28 2004 10 5 2005 10 26 28 H 2005 10 28 H 2005 10 28 H 2005 10 28 H 2005 10 28 H lan Willett Joe Walker Heinz Buettikofer CD tt Fred van Dijk This research was supported by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research ACIAR project titled Regional impacts of re vegetation on water resources of the Loess Plateau China and the Middle and Upper Murrumbidgee Catchment Australia CSIRO Land and Water Page iv LWR 2002 018 CSIRO Land and Water and the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources Institute of Soil and Water Conservation ISWC based in Yangling This project was also supported in part by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Knowledge Renovation Projec
14. Toggle show information option 1 WEEK LA Tools dd zr Alt Show Map Information The Show Info option provides users with the flexibility to view raster map information or to not view raster map information When the option is on a window showing information of the cell at the cursor point is displayed and the information updates as the user moves the mouse over the map display area For example an expected common use of ReVeglH is CSIRO Land and Water Page 31 when users display the re vegetation dataset as a back drop and query the vegetation suitability database this is illustrated in AJ Figure 10 Given that both the re vegetation dataset and vegetation suitability dataset have 100 m spatial resolution and with the precision of the latitude and longitude data shown in the GUI see red H in Figure 6 users can use ReVeglH to determine where re vegetation activities can be undertaken With the aid of a GPS users can find the same location in the landscape We recommend that some detailed site assessment be undertaken prior to performing any re planting as ReVeglH is a regional scale decision support tool and local factors near and belo
15. Vegetation Suitability 232 Shrubs fs WUF Increased woody area for this scheme C DEM m for the selected region C 38 Grass WUFA 94 268 km Pk Precipitation mm year EErEE 55 Be FEE E xU YanAnShi NA 2491 km 24 1 494 mm Exit Mouse Location Long Lat DD Area Woody Cover Avg Ann Precip
16. 90 6 91 6 11 Results of rainfall runoff modelling are displayed in this area red D in Figure 6 with Figure 7 below providing more details This area is active only when either the landuse dataset or re vegetation area dataset is shown The Runoff and ET under the current landuse scheme for the selected region either a catchment or county shown with a yellow boundary on area B in amp Figure 6 are shown on the left hand side while the Runoff and ET under the simulated landuse scheme are shown on the right hand side The bolded percentages for both the current and simulated woody conditions represent the percentage of average annual precipitation that is partitioned into ET and runoff whereas the non bold percentages in parenthesis reported in the middle of the current and simulated woody conditions are the simulated changes relative to current conditions for ET and runoff respectively That is with an increase in percentage woody cover the value in brackets reveals the decrease in
17. 1 CSIRO Land and Water Page 38 The mode displayed on the mode status bar red in Figure 6 can be changed via the Toolbar red C in Figure 6 or menu Z Tools red A in Figure 6 please see Table 13 x Table 13 Methods to change modes 1 2 Tools itt Mode Method 1 Method 2 Click Toolbar Select menu Z Tools IES unn Normal mode Click on Select Back to Pointer unn Zoominmode Click on Lh Select A f z Zoom In Zoom out mode Click on Select XI Zoom Out unn Pan Click on 2 Select 27h z Pan 3 2 7 Simulating landuse change ap AN TA WU De oa ZK De i uS SEIT Figure 12
18. 3 2 2 This menu is used to select an information type to view about the displayed raster map There are five items on it related to five raster datasets listed on menu 1 Show Dataset Of them Vegetation Suitability contains 7 sub items so users have the choice to view information relevant to a specific vegetation group Table 8 ltems in View Info menu Item Purpose Landuse Land Cover View landuse land cover class name Re Vegetation Area View re vegetation dataset Information Vegetation Suitability View vegetation suitability information All Species View suitability of all 38 species All Trees View suitability of all 24 trees All Shrubs View suitability of all 14 shrubs Common Species View suitability of 22 common species Common Trees View suitability of 16 common trees Common Shrubs View suitability of 6 common shrubs All Fruit Trees View suitability of 11 fruit trees DEM View elevation in metres Precipitation View a
19. Mapped By Show Dataset No 3E Malus domestica Borkh Apple Catchments Landuse Land Cover Mo 34 Pyrus bretschneideri Pear BE Count No Morus alba L Mulberry IRE A canum Re vegetation Area Mo 385 Juglans regia Walnut E arget evel et y US No PLE Fyns betulsefolia Birch leaved pear C 13 Trees Land Limits F JEUNE Select Priority Ares C Vegetation Suitability Yes 3 amp 8 Catalpa bungei C A Mey Beijing Catalpa P Yes 3E Ziziphus jujuba Mill Chinese date 232 Shrubs C kf HAAN kH WUF Increased woody area for this scheme C DEM m A for the selected region Mo 35H Populus nigra var thevestina Dode Bean Lombardy poplar C 38 Grass C kik PR SHAE WUFA 89 255 km C Precipitation mm year SHOE Suitable Species 9 of 24 HE Species 335 Be HES FHKE B ArSaiien 109 307E 36 776N 2853 km ss 464 mm Exit Mouse Location Long Lat DD Ares Woody Cover Avg Ann Precip x EFE Mode Pointer Figure 10 An example of spatially exploring the 100 m resolution re vegetation dataset showing the target level priority area and land limit combination
20. COOPERATIVE RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GY Wid CATCHMENT HYDROLOGY Australian Government Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research A Bilingual User s Guide for the Decision Support Tool for Managing Re Vegetation and its Impact on Hydrology ReVeglH in the Coarse Sandy Hilly Catchments of the Loess Plateau China GMA FUG ZE MN Uys KiE tt MP TREE NR WPH XAA BKZ XUL LingTao Li Tim R McVicar Tom G Van Niel Lu Zhang Rui Li QinKe Yang XiaoPing Zhang XingMin Mu ZhongMing Wen WenZhao Liu Yong An Zhao ZhiHong Liu CSIRO Land and Water Technical Report 19 05 E i lols pie EIE T MUT Vaccec BFE Stow One C WM Catchments C SHANE LaecoseLand Cover WIN NIC Rovezetsdon ves BELL VK IS AB Jay BELT SCY PET SC LA CHAE A Bilingual User s Guide for the Decision Support Tool for Managing Re Vegetation and its Impact on Hydrology ReVeglH in the Coarse Sandy Hilly Catchments of the Loess Plateau China PMU AIJEE WAM WEAR TIE 7 MR TREE PETG UHHH XUSCIK WK XT LingTao Li Tim R McVicar Tom G Van Niel Lu Zhang Rui Li QinKe Yang XiaoPing Zhang XingMin Mu ZhongMing Wen WenZhao Liu Yong An Zhao ZhiHong Liu 2005 12
21. ka hie HH aes iB US Ex Meca Lice area Sot Coe Arg Ane Precip de Locate ses I d Sly Lose Amy Ane Price i WES ITET Mosa Pore c WUF d WUFA WUF with priority area WUFA with priority area Figure 13 A comparison of different land limits either WUF or WUFA and priority areas for the same small part of Ansai County using re vegetation target level 2 Detailed statistics calculated in ReVeglH for the four scenario cases for the 2 853 km Ansai County are shown in Table 14 In the column labelled Land limit priority combination the letters in brackets refer to the case shown in Figure 13 The runoff reduction both in terms of MI and 96 is calculated relative to that expected for current land use conditions X Table 14 Figure 13 4 Detailed statistics calculated in ReVeglH for the four scenario cases for the 2 853 km Ansai County shown in Figure 13 km MI Land limit priority combination Area km Area Runoff Reduction MI Runoff Reduction 96 WUF without priority area a 571 20 0 16658 14 08 WUFA without priority area b 544 19 1 15909 13 44 WUF with priority area c 268 9 4 7821 6
22. 127 1 206 2 365 Won 1 984 HER ATI 218 4 139 1 816 295 WT ARE 461 7 712 4 074 781 1 227 JEMI 2 070 Wr zK n 4 351 382 1 880 DEB PS 331 495 712 E EB I 2 375 spin 1 023 1 133 Page 13 K Table 6 70 Names and areas of 70 counties in the CSHC The area of a county refers to the part of the county within the CSHC They are numbered consecutively from north to south see Figure 3 of Wen et al 2005 for full details Number County Countyname Chinese name Area within CSHC Area within CSHC code km 96 1 152622 HeLinGeErXian 1 596 48 24 2 142131 YouYuxXian 2 038 87 52 3 152629 LiangChengXian Jkt 93 2 74 4 150122 TuoKeTuoXian jE551tH 164 11 74 5 152623 QingShuiHexian 2 614 99 85 6 152723 ZhunGeErQi 6 244 83 33 7 140603 PingLuQu PERK 1 272 59 17 8 142130 ZuoYunXian ABE 73 5 80 9 152722 DaLaTeQi IA br 21 0 25 10 152701 DongShengShi Zn 696 31 76 11 142234 PianGuanXian nj KE 1 790 100 00 12 612723 FuGu We 3 277 100 00 13 612722 ShenMuxXian 7 045 90 39 14 140602 ShuoChengQu 239 12 40 1
23. e Pan Pan re centre displayed dataset You can e View current mode 2 3 System requirements XP 2000 NET NET Framework SA J j 300 Jk 3 600 AIF 384 1 G The ReVeglH application is designed for Windows XP it has been tested to work satisfactorily with both the English or Chinese versions of this operating system For Windows 2000 ReVeglH has only been tested with the Chinese version and it works well No other programs are required to run ReVeglH However you must have the Microsoft Net Framework preinstalled The framework is distributed for free on the ReVeglH CD see Trouble shooting in section 4 1 for more details CSIRO Land and Water Page 28 The minimum system requirements to successfully load and run ReVeglH are Hard disk 300 MB Processor Pentium III 600 and above Memory required by the application minimum 384 MB preferably 21 GB CSIRO Land and Water Page 29 3 Using ReVeglH ReVeglH Please see the important disclaimer regarding the use of ReVeglH on the verso title page of this guid
24. 714 sss 500 800 BHH north facing X 983 Hills 8 5 0 245 22 315 0 85 I Gullies lt 2 2 0 1 0 JE gg 3A 25 C gt 15 oe Bottom ETT east facing 7 983 Hills 8 5 143i Gullies 22 BE HADEN A HE gt 15 a AA Bottom lt 11 3t Hills lt 8 5 west and south facing 9 9 19 225 315 135 225 1533 Gullies lt 1 1 OnROR0 0 bby gt 15 _Hills Gullies MIX Bottom lt 11 0 100 DEM Ete Yang et al 2006 Table 3 CSIRO Land and Water Page 9 In Table 2 the values of the slopes are extracted from a 100 m resolution DEM and due to spatial resolution the slopes are smaller than slopes measured on the ground In practice the slopes extracted from a 100 m resolution DEM can be scaled according to the criteria identified from field surveys and literature using the approach of for example Yang et al 2006 The look up table between the slopes extracted from 100 m resolution CSHC DEM and on the ground slopes using this
25. 8 14 2004 10 13 14 2005 10 26 2003 8 14 2004 10 13 14 2005 10 26 2004 10 13 14 2005 10 26 H 2004 10 13 14 2005 10 26 H 2003 8 14 2005 10 26 H 2004 10 8 2005 10 H 26 H 2004 10 8 H 2004 10 8 H 2004 10 H 8 2004 10 H 8 H 2004 10 6 2005 10 H 26 H 2004 10 6 H 2004 10 6 2004 10 4 9 2005 10 26 H
26. Amygdalus davidiana Carr C de Vos ex Henry Wild hairy peach Rosa xanthina Lindl Yellow rose Quercus liaotungensis Koidz Manchurian oak Ulmus pumila Siberian elm Populus simonii Carr Chinese small leaf poplar Platycladus orientalis L Chinese arborvitae Vitex negundo Linn var heterophylla Franch Rehd Cut leaf chastetree Sophora davidii David s mountain laurel Robinia pseudoacia Black locust Salix matsudana Corkscrew willow Ziziphus jujuba var spinosa Chinese sour date Populus davidiana Mountain poplar Ostryopsis davidiana Decne Hazel hornbeam Amorpha fruticosa False indigo Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian olive Caragana microphylla Littleleaf peashrub Salix psammophila Dune willow Tamarix spp Salt cedar Salix cheilophila Schneider Black willow Ailanthus altissima Tree of heaven Hippophae rhamnoides Seabuckthorn Populus cathayana Rehd Korean poplar Populus alba cv Western White poplar Prunus davidiana Peach Prunus armeniana var ansu Apricot Populus tomentosa carr Chinese white poplar Populus hopeiensis Hopei poplar Malus domestica Borkh Apple Pyrus bretschneideri Pear Morus alba L Mulberry Juglans regia Walnut Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge Yellow horn Pyrus betulaefolia Birch leaved pear Catalpa bungei C A Mey Beijing Catalpa Ziziphus jujuba Mill Chinese date Populus nigra var thevestina Dode Bean Lombardy poplar Frui
27. Yes 23 Tamari spp Salt cedar Yes 24 Salix cheilophila Schneider Black willow Yes i Hippophae rhamnoides Seabuckthom Yes HA Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge Yellow hom iS HS Suitable Species 12 of 14 d Page 35 4 934i Common Species 4 Common Trees BOK FA Species Names HOOK Species Names Mo 7832 Pinus tabulaefonnis Carr Chinese pine Mo 36 Pinus tabulaefonmis Carr Chinese pine Yes Betula Platyphylla Suk Asian white birch Yes amp Betula Platyphylla Suk Asian white birch Yes i 8 Amygdalus davidiana Carr Wild hairy peach No I A Quercus lisotungensis Koidz Manchurian oak No ID A Quercus liaotungensis Koidz Manchurian oak Yes H Ulmus pumib Siberian elm Yes 7 Ulmus pumila Siberian elm Yes tti Populus simoni Carr Chinese small leaf poplar Yes Populus simoni Carr Chinese small leaf poplar Yes 4045 Platycladus orientalis L Chinese arborvitae Yes dida Platyctadus orientalis L Chinese arborvitae Yes i Robinia pseudoacia Black locust Yes Robinia pseudoacia Black locust No R Salix matsudana Corkscrew willow No amp 38 Salix matsudana Corkscrew willow Yes f Ailanthus altissima Tree of heaven Mo F Ostryopsis davidiana Decne Hazel hornbeam Mo BE Prunus davidiana Peach Yes 3638042 Amorpha fruticosa False indigo Yes f Prunus anmeniana var ansu Apricot Yes 4 Caragana microphylla Littleleaf p
28. County level User action Change Woody Cover slide bar 1 Change Woody Cover HEHE Select a Catchment County ul T eI and 5 ES gs Calculate Model x Automatically p H cx PAID P d Method 2 Active dataset Re vegetation area Output resolution 100m User action Select Target Level Priority Area and Land limit 2 100 A ena Cott Se ERE Figure 5 The ReVeglH system flow chart for eco hydrological assessment CSIRO Land and Water Page 16 2 Software Description 2 1 System design considerations 2 1 1 Essential requirements Certain requirements were set for ReVeglH in the initial stages of its design e DX Y XH Bi lingual to reflect the fact that it is an output of an international cooperative project it must be a single version with both English and Chinese on its user interface not two separate single language versions Additionally it should have one set of C code with both languages present in the interface to h
29. We maintain calling it forest to capture the focus of the major historical re vegetation effort in the area You can e Choose a target level e Choose a land limit type areas not included in re vegetation scheme and e Choose to show the re vegetation priority areas CSIRO Land and Water Page 26 The areas for three different target levels and priority areas for each catchment and county have been pre processed for details see the appendices of Wen et al 2005 An example summary for Yanhe River is given in Figure 9 The pre processed areas have been used in the model so that for every target level priority area and land limit combination the hydrological impact of re vegetating the pre defined area is calculated This has been performed for each catchment and county in the CSHC SSG Steep slope and gully P1 ADQOE Catchment Number 29 an Priority area for Yanhe River Nese mU eae target level 1 trees Tye cies 3000 29 MEMM P2 HAR 7 712 km Priority area for target level 2 shrubs 2000 P3 Priority area for level 3 grasses MEN Mus T1 Target level 1 T2 mE P2 ae T1 i T Target level 2 T3 Target level 3 Figure 9
30. provide context and thus have 500 m resolution For users to see the priority areas in b they must zoom in For c the legend represents the number of unique vegetation suitability combinations resulting from binary compression this is unpacked to show specific species suitability Page 5 1 1986 1 500 000 Shen 1991 8 Table 1 2001 Landuse Land Cover dataset the original data were provided by the Institute for Soil and Water Conservation ISWC China for the whole Loess Plateau for 1986 at a scale of 1 500 000 Shen 1991 The original vector format data were converted to raster data with a cell size of 100 m which is used for all the regional hydrological modelling in ReVeglH with this data then being oversampled to 500 m resolution for display purposes only This dataset contains eight primary classes see Table 1 below The percentage woody cover for each area either a catchment or a county in ReVeglH and land limits data highly productive agricultural land water and urban which
31. provides basic Geographical Information System GIS functions so users do not need to install proprietary GIS software The application provides a spatial scenario modelling capability for stakeholders to better manage their environment ReVeglH provides managers and both decision and policy makers access to an eco hydrological modelling capacity at 100 m resolution and to maximise usability all required datasets are packaged as part of ReVeglH Through the application users can estimate impacts of different re vegetation schemes on runoff and ET in the CSHC by selecting either 1 of the predefined 42 catchments or 1 of the 70 predefined counties that contribute to the CSHC The underlying annual average rainfall runoff model used in ReVeglH was originally developed by CSIRO Land and Water using a global dataset and it has been calibrated locally for the CSHC The model partitions long term annual average precipitation into annual average ET and annual average runoff as a function of percentage woody perennials in a catchment Additionally CSIRO Land and Water Page vii over the entire CSHC and for any selected catchment or county users can spatially identify at 100 m resolution re vegetation target areas priority areas and the suitability of planting conditions for 38 vegetation species both trees and shrubs fruit trees that may provide additional economic returns to farmers are also identified The hydrologic impact of selecting any combina
32. while dynamically gaining vegetation suitability information for all 24 tree species at 100 m resolution for each grid cell of the re vegetation dataset To turn the Show Info option on and display an information window Method 1 from the menu area red A in Figure 6 1 select Z Tools to open the menu 2 select JJ Af E Show Map Information Method 2 from Toolbar red C in Figure 6 click on Viewlnfo Tool Method 3 from the menu area red A in Figure 6 1 select f hi View Info to open the menu 2 click on an item CSIRO Land and Water Page 32 To turn the Show Info option off and hide the information window Method 1 from menu area red A in Figure 6 1 select Z Tools to open the menu 2 select AMMA fH Don t Show Map Info Method 2 from Toolbar red C in Figure 6 click on Showinfo Tool Generally a user can turn off the Info window only when it is on and vice versa But selecting an item from menu 2 7 7 4 4 View Info method 3 above will always turn the Show Info option on If a dataset has not been loaded yet a request to show its information will do SO 3 2 3 Viewing information Va aT Ta Pee De PE A OK Dib ZEIETE LS B3 AS IT fi ss Table 11 1 MK i avi View Info 2
33. 4 Table 11 with the anticipated common use of ReVeglH illustrated in Figure 10 x Table 11 Examples of viewing different map information are illustrated The landuse dataset is displayed throughout and information for landuse re vegetation area DEM and precipitation are viewed consecutively The information provided changes as a user moves the mouse location For vegetation suitability all 7 pre defined groupings are shown from a to g Information viewed option Landuse Land Cover displayed 7 Landuse Land Cover class is Target areas for different levels priority areas and land limits and non re vegetation areas are identified DEM Re vegetation area Elevation is shown metres Precipitation Average annual precipitation is shown mm 7 Yes No Vegetation suitability information is listed in a separate window Users can choose 1 of the 7 pre defined groups A Green Yes listed in the left column means the s
34. E E 1 2 1 Ww P uin NES y Equation 1 14 2 4 1 W 0 0 ET P f Where ET average annual actual evapotranspiration mm year P average annual precipitation mm year f 9o forest cover E average Epan mm year and W plant available water coefficient Zhang et al 2006 developed a two step process to model W for a catchment or county This modelling minimises the difference between the average annual modelled or simulated runoff and average annual measured or observed runoff for 36 hydrology stations located throughout the CSHC In the framework of Zhang et al 2001 it is assumed that there are no long term changes in soil storage and using equation 1 to calculate average annual ET with the average annual runoff being calculated as the residual between average annual P CSIRO Land and Water Page 3 minus average annual ET The averages are calculated from 21 years of data recorded between 1980 and 2000 see McVicar et al 2005 for full details Following the convention of Zhang et al 2001 and acknowledging that the CSHC is located in a dry area with measured average annual runoff usually being less than 10 of the average annual precipitation we calculate a modified plant available water coefficient W using spatially average data from the 100 m grids for each catchment or county with the following equation W 2 4136 1 75685 x 1 f current 0 01659 x DI wher
35. Land and Water Page viii 1 Introduction LWR 2002 018 Figure 1 38 NET CH TIME The Invisible Modelling Environment
36. Map adel D St SC ERS County Map z jS REHALEUN NULAN Siit ANIMEN 3 Current Woody Cover Semulated ioniy Cover Current Woody Cover n enulated nioch Cover 98 1925 FEL 1875 AEE Encapitaten Partitenng Bi sk Hl Precipitation Partisoning Lm REE Reno vec 63 a 21 1 s uv R I TI FN we a E a XM 5 row ntu 1 Burg SEB Anata a Hai Er REE Ant vie ei pss En ex 55b EE es w PEES 4 3 a mEENBRC aa e B s 91 7 BEUTE Mapped By ETHE Show Dataset PAAR Catcheenis C ERIE Lesduse Lend Cover TERRES Mapped By TUE Sow Danes C GME Caichmeris D ERRE Laeduse Land Cover Ee IE uU Pw BE Conn 7 VEL Re vegeeion Area C Counties m MHANG Me wegetmion Area SAREE Target Level TENTER Target Level i COM TI FEDERI Land Lini F RROD Select Priority Anen C EGNE Vegetation Surtability oe Tree EHR E Land Limes fe HETEIESESENIEIE Select Priority Area SEO Wegetagan Sustabslity RSLS TAREE WGEEEIHNTEESHMDZLAEM 5E Shuts E Spe FE We lrzrk aUa manny area ine then anam COESPEMHRE DEM m 270 Shuts Cai Pe WF Irsrwased coed area fer thee jar C Bee DEM m ter the cole mpar hor the ld LT TU C 3E Gua EMI BRM WUFA 34 5 268 km r Precipitation mm yemr CaY3NOGS ith ru acram wur E3 a 255 km BRED Precipiteoce meyen b e tebe pmmmm an TE E 1L mt mn re E Est tet SER WT WA 2 m X AE mm Ext SES Bi T
37. Support and Other Issues 4 1 Trouble shooting 4 1 1 Common troubles 1 Net Microsoft Net Framework issue Net Net Framework mscoree dll ReVeglH is developed under Microsoft Visual Studio NET 2003 and it requires Microsoft Net Framework installed to run If you have a problem starting ReVeglH then check that you have the Microsoft Net Framework installed If you do not have it the error message is normally something like can not find mscoree dll The Chinese and English versions of the Microsoft Net Framework are packaged on the ReVeglH CD in the directory ReVeglH Components When you install ReVeglH you can select the option to install the Net Framework Otherwise you can download and install the NET Framework free from the Microsoft website htto www microsoft com downloads details aspx FamilyID 262d25e3 f589 4842 815 7 034d1e7cf3a3 amp displaylang en Please be sure you have system administrator privileges when installing the Microsoft Net Framework If you are logged in as the system administrator this is an easy way to ensure you have the correct privileges 2 MDAC MDAC issue MDAC If ReVeglH
38. has a problem reading the vector catchment and county data correctly a possible reason is also related to the NET Framework that is it requires Microsoft Data Access Components 2 6 or above This is also provided on the ReVeglH CD in the same directory as the Microsoft Net Framework e ReVeglH Comps and you can double click the file name and it will automatically install on your computer Otherwise you can download it free from http www microsoft com downloads details aspx FamilyID278cac895 efc2 Af8e a9e0 3a1afbd5922e amp DisplayLang en ReVeglH Components ReVeglH 3 Application Starting up too slow CSIRO Land and Water Page 43 ReVeglH takes about 380 MB of free RAM so it takes time to start and may fail due to a memory shortage If you only have limited RAM then close down as many other applications as possible and try to run ReVeglH again 4 Can not view the Chinese Text Figure 15 If you have loaded the ReVeglH application on a computer running the English version of the Windows XP operating system and you can
39. levels takes into account land position slope aspect and precipitation Three target levels were defined which correspond to three vegetation growth forms level 1 is where trees can grow well level 2 is where shrubs can grow well and level 3 is where grasses can grow well It is understood that shrubs and grasses can also grow in areas suitable for trees e in level 1 areas likewise grasses can also grow in areas suitable for shrubs e in level 2 areas The term target area is used in this report to represent the area associated with a specific user defined target level Land position Wen et al 2005 slope and aspect information are all derived from the CSHC DEM with slope and aspect calculated in ArcGIS In addition within the selected target level users can view priority areas for re vegetation Re vegetation priority areas first rely upon defining steep slopes where soil erosion potential is high and where the slopes are too steep for vegetation to grow well or for effective planting of vegetation using common methods These steep slopes and gullies SSG are areas with slopes 2 15 from horizontal using the 100 m resolution DEM Re vegetation priority areas are those cells located in a target area that are both lower than and adjacent to a SSG boundary cell see Figure 4 Due to the cell size of the datasets this means that priority areas are 100 metre wide zones downhill from the highly erodable SSG areas In general re
40. not see the Chinese text see the example provided in Figure 15 then from your desk top you need to go to Start Settings Control Panel Regional and Language Options Languages Tab Install files for East Asian languages 4 coooooooo Re Vegetation Impact on Hydrology ACIAR Project LWR 2002 018 mimimimE ES OOO0 view Info OO Tools ODO Help DI Catchment Map M0 Model Dynamics i Tm Curent Woody Cower z amp Simulated Woody Cover 8 376 mm Precipitation Partitioning Munch M El E a m Ld e 2 Woody Lover Imm amm CSHC is selected III Mapped Bu Ill Show Dataset D Catchments f MID L anduze Land Cover B i Il Counties C mm He vegetation Area III Taget Level 10 Trees II Land Limits FM Select Priority Area C MM Vegetation Suitability II f 20 Shrubs 0M UF Increased woody area for this scheme C mmm DEM im for the selected region 30 Grass C nm LEA C Wm Precipitation mm vear LETT MNE Outside CSHC z MiS mm Il E xit Mouse Location Long Lat DO Woody Cower Awg Ann Precip HHIH hode Pointer Figure 15 lf the Chinese characters appear as empty boxes within ReVeglH you need to install files for East Asian languages on your computer this option includes Chinese fonts Depending on how your Windows XP operating system was initially installed on your computer the files for East Asian languages may alread
41. runoff relative to current conditions this is likely to be of most use for water resource managers Note that only one catchment or county can be selected at any one time if a sub region is not selected then results are applicable to the entire CSHC CSIRO Land and Water Page 23 There are four textboxes displaying runoff and ET for Current 6 woody Simulated woody E sls eod ue current and simulated pus Simu nae d c c S landuse conditions Annual rinoff Precipitation Partitioning Annual runoff respectively f selected area of selected area in MI in of precip The name of the selected Annual ET Annual ET region is shown on the of selected area ET aren bottom left corner if no in MI l in of precip catchment or county is iu selected then the whole Woody Cover RR CSHC is modelled by HARE WES Yanhe River is selected defau It Selected area Adjustable bar Figure 7 lllustration of modelling output area either a catchment or a county in the CSHC The units MI in the figure stand for Megalitres 10 litres The bolded values are the percentage of annual precipitation partitioned into either runoff or ET whereas the non bolded values reported in parenthesis in the middle of the precipitation partitioning are the percentage change for the simulated conditions relative to the current conditions and are calculated for runoff and ET independently Wh
42. vegetation of these areas would have the most significant impact on intercepting and utilising soil and water coming from upslope The combined effect of re planting the priority zones first will be that the water loss will be minimised while maximising the reduction of soil entering the river network If funds are available the entire target area could be re vegetated Alternately if this is not feasible re vegetation should be carried out first in the priority zones within these target areas CSIRO Land and Water Page 7 Priority Area Figure 4 Shows the conceptual Target Area spatial relationships of steep slope and gullies SSG re vegetation target and re vegetation priority areas The top portion is a cross sectional view of a typical gullied landscape of the CSHC whereas the lower portion provides a planar view that is shown when using ReVeglH Land limit type Certain land uses or land cover types by definition do not permit re vegetation such as water bodies urban regions and already existing woody areas Likewise although possible it is unadvisable to re vegetate highly productive agricultural land that is vital in providing food for locals Therefore these four land use types were termed land limits meaning that the land that they cover can not be considered for re vegetation We ha
43. 1 4 I Uninstalling ReVeglH f EAMUS iS TECH ES DDR EE EA rd dau PA H ReVeglH E vir AEN CER FP 8 2 ID D o There are two ways to uninstall ReVeglH from your computer should you wish to do so 1 Control Panel Control Panel Add Remove Programs HeVeglH or 2 Start Menu Start menu Programs ReVeglH 3 Uninstall Re VeglH exe The Uninstall ReVeglH procedure will delete files in Program File ReVegIH folder remove the ReVeglH icons ReVeglH desktop shortcut and Start menu entries 3 2 Working with ReVeglH 3 2 1 Displaying datasets 1 LIE EI Show Dataset 35 2 M dz A Show Dataset There are two ways a user can choose a dataset to display Method 1 from the menu area red A in amp Figure 6 1 select Zar Show Dataset from the main menu 2 select the desired dataset name Method 2 from Show Dataset area red F in Figure 6 click the button next to the desired dataset name Given the 100 m resolution of the re vegetation area dataset and vegetation suitability dataset compared to the 500 m resolution of the other raster datasets section 1 1 it takes a longer time to display these for the first time in each session 3 2 2
44. 289 BEAMS Preciptation Partitioning BEE Precipitation Partitioning sn rams 89 14 1 7 7 8 9 134 7 7 uem D wem RBRSNSA ET umm 91 1 ol 4s 911 1 3 92 3 uait DA a Is ECISSLSCE d rrr D J m eo ag 1803 sos 190 SSI REE AS a selected 28 aes m a selected LRAT Mapped Dy BFE Show Dataset BRUITE Mapped By FHAR Show Dataset C FER Catcheeris C LanduseLand Cover C WM Catchrerts C AIE LandoseLand Cover C BG Counties BME Me vegetaton Area RE Counties v MMR Revegetation Area EWER Target Level BENT Target Level C M Trees HD didit Land Limes RREA Select Priority Area C BG Vegetation Sutability C 1S Trees HO tidie Land Limes RAHEEM Select Priority Area C MWS Vegetation Suitability S2ESANTAP ONS n 2EgINTARESUMBU EM 28 Shut d e Fh lfurti WUF irereased ovd area ter Pa scheme C RFH OEM m 28 Shute C WUF irsreased wovdy area ter ha scheme C RFH DEM m ber he selected woen ber he selected ween C 38 Grass C Xf TNE SHOEI WUFA 20 571 km C Erg Precipitation meyes C 38 Grass R IERS TNA SHOOT WUA 1015s 544 km C BEAR Preciptanon meyes ar Hit WUF EEE Ht WUFA ERE WUF without priority area WUFA without priority area T GREHA iBA ee vegetatan impact on Hydrology ACLAR Project LHRH ligi x MCUETUTETPUPEECEETIUTTEDUCPUETUTTETETUUHEEMENMI Inl xj Bx NIE Show Datsset EXXE Wewinfo IJ Tools Bihia ae rer View Iino TE Tools Bibie County
45. 5 5 Mr Xinmin Zheng Chief Engineer Bureau of the Upper and Middle Reaches of the Yellow River Committee Xian Shaanxi Province 14 Aug 2003 and 26 Oct 2005 6 Mr Baoming Zheng Director Suide Bureau of Yellow River Soil and Water Conservation and Supervision Suide Shaanxi Province 8 Oct 2004 and 26 Oct 2005 7 Mr Minghua Lin Director Bureau of Soil and Water Monitoring of Shanxi Shaanxi Inner Mongolia Triangle of Yellow River Conservation Commission Yulin Shaanxi Province 6 Oct 2004 and 26 Oct 2005 8 Prof Langran Xu North Western Institute of Botanic Research Yangling Shaanxi Province 4 to 9 Oct 2004 and 26 Oct 2005 9 Mr Junfeng Zhang Director Bureau of Agriculture of Ansai County Ansai Shaanxi Province 5 Oct 2004 and 26 and 28 Oct 2005 10 Mr Zengbin Yin Deputy Director Bureau of Soil and Water Monitoring of Shanxi Shaanxi Inner Mongolia Triangle of Yellow River Conservation Commission Yulin Shaanxi Province 6 Oct 2004 11 Mr Hongfei Hu Director Bureau of Soil and Water Conservation Yuyang Yulin Shaanxi Province 6 Oct 2004 12 Mr Xiao Wang Deputy Director Suide Bureau of Yellow River Soil and Water Conservation and Supervision Suide Shaanxi Province 8 Oct 2004 13 Mr Zhigang Bal Manager Suide Bureau of Yellow River Soil and Water Conservation and Supervision Suide Shaanxi Province 8 Oct 2004 14 Mr Yonghong Tian Manager Suide Bureau of Yellow River Soil and Wat
46. 5 94 6 memar Zw oady Cover ox i RE deb Yanhe River is selected CA EES ATS Mapped By SiH E Show Dataset Catchments c Landuse Land Cover Counties C METUS Revegetation Area Tee TEE Target Level 1 Trees CHOBE IEE Land Limits Select Pio Area tee Vegetation Suitabiity ROS SE WES dE PE f 2 8 Shrubs f sk TISBPREPBRHB VwLF Increased woody area For this scheme CSF este DEM m far the selected region 3E Grass Coa PIER WPA km C Precipitation mm vear H 5 ER Br He HHA HE 30 Y anhe River Fe 2110 012E dE ER3E 582 H 7712 km 83 Xx 474 mm Mouse Location Long Lat DE pea 2 Woody Cower Awg Ann Precip Figure 6 ReVeglH 9 The ReVeglH graphical user interface GUI is shown Blue rectangles define the 9 segments each denoted by a large red letter Note when running ReVeglH the blue rectangles and red letters are not shown they are used here to explain the GUI CSIRO Land and Water Page 19 The ReVeglH GUI can be segmented into 9 parts based on their functions Figure 6 A 3244 Menus B Display area C Toolbar D Mod
47. 5 142232 HeQuxXian 1 225 100 00 16 142229 ShenChiXian 1 440 96 12 17 142230 WuZhaiXian TH 1 334 99 94 18 142233 BaoDeXian 1 017 100 00 19 152727 WuShenGi BERE 6 998 62 89 20 142231 KeLanXian nj pi E 1 960 100 00 21 152728 YiJinHuoLuoQi PEEM 2 807 49 42 22 142227 NingWuXian TRH 106 5 38 23 612701 YuLinXian T rk 7 049 100 00 24 142325 XingXian X 3 096 100 00 25 152725 ETuoKeQi SEG rk 198 0 95 26 142228 JingLeXian 32 1 56 27 152724 ETuoKeQianQi 9E BE 2 328 18 53 28 612729 JiaXian 1 992 100 00 29 612724 HengShanXian 4 507 100 00 30 142326 LinXian I 3 123 100 00 31 142330 FangShanXian hH 1 476 98 13 32 142329 LanXian pa H 445 30 16 33 140123 LouFanXian 28 LH 33 2 45 34 612728 MiZhiXian 1 121 100 00 35 612725 JingBianXian 4 804 94 67 36 612732 ZiZhouXian 1 995 100 00 37 612727 SuiDeXian 1 798 100 00 38 142331 LiShiXian 1 274 99 72 39 612730 WuBuxXian REE 412 100 00 40 142327 LiuLinXian 1 276 100 00 41 612623 ZiChangXian 2 388 100 00 42 142332 ZhongYangXian FHH 1 393 97 85 43 612726 DingBianXian 424 5 86 44 142322 WenShuiXian KE 46 2 64 45 612731 QingJianXian 1 800 100 00 46 612626 WuQiXian AE 391 10 18 47 142321 FenYangXian 7 BH E 24 1 76 CSIRO Land and Water Page 14 Nu
48. 61 WUFA with priority area d 255 8 9 7438 6 29 As Zhang s et al 2001 original rainfall runoff partitioning model used in ReVeglH assumes that the entire surface is vegetated the highest runoffs will occur all else being equal in catchments only having grass cover Alternately the lowest runoff all else being equal will CSIRO Land and Water Page 41 result in catchments covered wholly by woody perennials Therefore although ReVeglH has defined a target level 3 grass and the user can display these areas the model output does not change based upon a selection of a Target Level of 3 grass It does however allow for a mid point between grasslands and woody perennials in model space to be defined that is associated with shrubs That is why a selection of Target Level 2 shrubs causes the model results to change This is illustrated in Figure 14 Lj M pES M tok E Er Vrprl alen Dmpact an Hydrokayy AC LAR Project LWIE JO03 618 Pale xX Lj Mop Htc v ES Kr Vrepel alen Impact an Hydrokayy AC LAR Propet LIE JOO0J 618 ja BG hwae EPMA vew Info IH Tools ihre BTM show fete AFMA vew info ILH Tos Hle DERHEN Catchment Map ura 1 i Ss RITU dos B 1 Ppa a E ue 2 EBIEB ox le SSEG NE aeta Gee d palatia EEUE Mapped By ETHE Show Dataset E BUM Catcheenis C EARNE LanduseLand Cover Tr pm Cc C BE Carin REVERE Reason Area a Counties 08 MEME Fe vegeision Are
49. C and 2 to provide mid to senior policy makers and soil and water managers with the information they need to make better decisions McVicar 2002 A major project output is the bilingual software application called Re Vegetation Impacts on Hydrology ReVeglH that provides spatial scenario modelling capabilities for stakeholders to better manage the environment It does the job in two ways first it simulates impacts of different re vegetation schemes on runoff and ET secondly it identifies re vegetation target and priority areas for trees and shrubs and maps the suitability of 38 perennial species for planting in the CSHC The best practice CSHC meteorological and geographical datasets are provided as base data in ReVeglH As a stand alone application ReVeglH provides basic Geographical Information System GIS functions so users do not need to install expensive proprietary GIS software ReVeglH is developed in Microsoft s NET environment using C and it calls some TIME The Invisible Modelling Environment Rahman et al 2003 Rahman et al 2004 functions TIME also developed in NET is a model developing environment which supports advanced applications developed using programming languages such as C Visual Basic and C The rainfall runoff algorithm Equation 1 used in ReVeglH is a locally calibrated version Zhang et al 2006 of the generalised model developed using a global dataset by CSIRO Land and Water Zhang et al 2001
50. D 1000015 For comments and questions regarding background rainfall runoff model used please contact Dr Lu Zhang at lu zhang csiro au For any dataset issues and to check whether you have the most recent version of ReVeglH contact ISWC at http www iswc ac cn or call 86 29 8701 2482 For suggestions and bugs regarding ReVeglH please contact Li Lingtao at lingtao li csiro au CSIRO Land and Water Page 45 5 References Anderson K Peng CY 1998 Feeding and fueling China in the 21st Century World Development 26 1413 1429 Brown LR Halweil B 1998 China s water shortage could shake world food security World Watch 11 10 21 Byrne J Bo S Xiuguo L 1996 The challenge of sustainability balancing China s energy economic and environmental goals Energy Policy 24 455 462 Calder IR 1999 The Blue Revolution Land Use of Integrated Water Resources Management Earthscan Publications Ltd London 192 pp Douglas 1989 Land degradation soil conservation and the sediment load of the Yellow River China review and assessment Land Degradation and Rehabilitation 1 141 151 Foster GD 2001 China as great power from red menace to green giant Communist and Post Communist Studies 34 157 174 Huang M Zhang L 2004 Hydrological responses to conservation practices in a catchment of the Loess Plateau China Hydrological Processes 18 1885 1898 Hutchinson MF 2004a ANUDEM Version 5 1 User Guide h
51. E Vitex negundo Cut leaf chastetree Fe Sophora davidii David s mountain laurel A 2 Robinia pseudoacia Black locust 2 7 Salt matsudara Corkscrew willow ES Ziziphus jujuba var spinosa Chinese sour date Populus davidiana Mountain poplar dE Ostryopsis davidiana Decne HazeF hornbeam 3 411 Amorpha fruticosa False indigo vk X Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian olive Caragana microphylla Littleleaf peashrub Salt psammophila Dune willow TESI Tamarix spp Salt cedar 1 Salix cheilophila Schneider Black willow 8 Ailanthus altissima Tree of heaven ib ES Hippophae rhamnoides Seabuckthorn 4 Populus cathayana Rehd Korean poplar smit Populus alba cv Western White poplar f Prunus armeniana var ansu Apricot miti Populus hopeiensis Hopei poplar 3x amp Malus domestica Borkh Apple Morus alba L Mulberry E H Juglans regia Walnut XE Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge Yellow horn tt f Pyrus betulsefolia Birch Jeaved pear E 3 Catalpa bungei C A Mey Beijing Catalpa Ziziphus jujuba Mill Chinese date Populus nigra var thevestina Dode Bean Lombardy popk SAPP Suitable Species 21 of 38 b CSIRO Land and Water LEc1 ErE All Trees M BOK Species Names No Pinus tabulseformis Carr Chinese pine Yes 6 Betula Platyphylla Suk Asian white birch No I 4 Quercus liaotungensis Koidz Manchurian oak Yes E U
52. Shi and Shao 2000 Large scale re vegetation is widely acknowledged as a primary solution to the severe soil erosion existing in the Coarse Sandy Hilly Catchments CSHC see Figure 1 CSIRO Land and Water Page 1 110 E JHuhehaote ellow we Rivet Fis 3 4 40 N i he e Yinchuan Taiyuan A Xining T IA Lanzhou Sanmen l H35 N uae ee 0 100 200 km wel A Xi an 105 E 110 E Figure 1 The inset map shows the location of the 623 586 km Loess Plateau dark shading and the North China Plain lighter shading on the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River respectively The Loess Plateau supports a population of 82 million people Xiubin et a 2003 The main map shows the location of the 112 728 km Coarse Sandy Hilly Catchments CSHC Positive impacts of such re vegetation schemes include 1 stabilising the soil matrix hence reducing erosion Xiubin et al 2003 report reductions of erosion rates ranging from 40 to 90 2 reducing peak flow after storm events Huang and Zhang 2004 hence reducing the risk of average not extreme flooding Wei et a 2005 3 sequestering carbon to offset China s booming economic growth and subsequent energy usage Byrne et al 1996 Foster 2001 and 4 providing habitat and biodiversity security Jiang et al 2003 Xu et al 1999 Note the effectiveness of reducing p
53. a MERRIE Select Priority Area C AIE Vegetation Suitability Tee Teen ERRE Land Limes T HENHCRERUNIE Select Priority Aren MRI Vegetation Suitability RSLS TAREE a WwiEXgIHTEFHMBEU TEM A ler tb uncdy area bar then ahama C EWS DEM mj C 2H Shuts Cox PARRA uF irtreasad mately area ler usaba RPE DEM m eda sape maman He den selected seinen C YE Gres xp PIU SERVOS WUFA 18 amp 1511 km P OBERE Precipitzson meyes EE Dress Fo PIE BE WFA 196 5a 1511 km C BERTI Precipitzncn meyes ER eer am Ti rene zum Ld a AM _ _ ce Seis suc Yarka Aiar Tr REM wa zm ax mm 3B HA Ex HE Yasha Himi MA mk zl 3M ome iE HS Ex Mode Loc ee Laza um DC area See Coe leg Ane Prec Binds Locates Lees LR DUCI Arat biy DI Ara ARE Prece E eS Mc Bo ie F t i Figure 14 a b A comparison of a re vegetation target level 2 and b re vegetation target level 3 Suitable re vegetation areas for the two levels are different but the model output ET and runoff values are the same Additionally the summary of the area to be re planted with woody cover summarised in the Target Level portion of the GUI red Gin Figure 6 are identical as target level 3 is comprised of grasses only and does not result in an increase of the simulated woody percentage of a selected area CSIRO Land and Water Page 42 4
54. a auto load All data required to work with ReVeglH are loaded automatically while the application starts up this greatly reduces user activity and possible confusion with data selection CSIRO Land and Water Page 17 Preloaded geographic data include 1 landuse land cover re vegetation area vegetation suitability 2 3 4 annual precipitation 5 DEM 6 catchment boundaries and 7 county boundaries The sources of these data are described in section 1 1 When one of the first two datasets is selected users can perform land cover simulations As introduced in section 1 2 this modelling can be performed either at a catchment level or county level using the landuse land cover dataset or it can be more spatially distributed using the 100 m resolution re vegetation area dataset The user input required to perform this modelling is provided in section 3 2 7 Data pre processing One CSHC 100 m resolution dataset has 5310 x 4050 cells The time spent on cell by cell calculation could be tremendous and intolerable for most users so wherever possible static data that have already been processed were packaged with the software In this way the running speed is much f
55. able 4 38 PTER mi T S List of the 38 species used in the vegetation suitability analysis for the CSHC In the column labelled Number the common species are identified with an asterisk In the Growth form column S and T represent shrub and tree respectively In the column labelled Fruit a Yes indicates a horticultural species whereas Yes indicates a non horticultural species that produces edible fruit ERR Number des 2 3 4 5 6 7 gt g 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 2 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Native Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No CSIRO Land and Water Growth form T T S TE ESES ESE Tee E EE ER RRR EEE i E i i E Chinese name TA BOR A WL AR PR Ati UL JH A AR A RI E RX ERT A RUP vb FTA FEN BUS Vb RR Hd rss M wk SER Ay A Met FER PR X TATA Latin name Common name Pinus tabulaeformis Carr Chinese pine Betula Platyphylla Suk Asian white birch
56. al2005 tr7 05 pdf Ye YQ Chen GJ Fan H 2003 Impacts of the Grain for Green Project on Rural Communities in the Upper Min River Basin Sichuan China Mountain Research and Development 23 345 352 Zhang L Dawes WR Walker GR 2001 Response of Mean Annual Evapotranspiration to Vegetation Changes at Catchment Scale Water Resources Research 37 701 708 Zhang XP Zhang L McVicar TR Van Niel TG Li LT LiR Yang QK Liang W 2006 Modeling the impact of afforestation on mean annual streamflow in the Loess Plateau China Hydrological Processes In Preparation CSIRO Land and Water Page 48 Show Dataset View Info LA Tools Help TNN Map Catchments Counties Mapped By Current Woody Cover Simulated Woody Cover ES 9 8 19 2 amp Precipitation Partitioning HS mi FU 8 9 6 6 8 3 N d xsv mURNESEET ams n o 91 1 0 6 91 7 iS ae pA Cover LI LI L L BER SSE AnSaUGan is selected Show Dataset C Landuse Land Cover Revegetation Area x ES Mode Pointer Target Level 1 Trees Land Limits v Select Priority Ares C
57. and gullies Since these landuse classes take up a certain amount of area in every CSIRO Land and Water Page 39 region there is a maximum percentage for each region that can not be exceeded which in most cases would be lt 100 This modelling is only spatially explicit to the catchment or county level and only the percentage of the selected area simulated to be covered with woody vegetation is used in the calculations This is the first option of simulating land use change in ReVeglH as introduced previously in section 1 2 The second pathway to simulate landuse change is to access the pre defined target level priority area and land limit combinations for any catchment or county This can only be performed when the re vegetation area dataset is selected with the modelling being spatially resolved to a 100 m resolution grid cell as introduced in section 1 2 above The rainfall runoff modelling function works when the re vegetation area dataset is displayed but users are not allowed to move the 96 Woody cover scroll bar located in area D of Figure 6 Rather the user can select between the 3 target levels and the 2 land limits see red G in Figure 6 and for full details Figure 12 If the Select Priority Area choice is ticked the re vegetation scenario will be run using the priority area only UM Target Level 137 Trees Land Limits Select Pri
58. approach is shown in Table 3 Table 3 Slope conversion between that derived from the 100 m resolution DEM and the on the ground measurements 100 X DEM On 100m DEM On the ground 1 1 10 2 2 15 4 5 20 8 5 25 15 31 3 38 Table 4 38 Wen et al 2005 Vegetation suitability dataset Suitability is a Boolean or binary value for each of 38 species on each cell That is based on a set of criteria Wen et al 2005 a species is regarded as either suitable or non suitable for every 100 m resolution cell in the CSHC dataset There are 38 trees and shrubs listed in Table 4 that have been selected for the CSHC re vegetation scheme While 38 suitability datasets were generated each refers to one species They were then combined to generate a single suitability dataset by means of binary addition with a unique number representing a unique combination of the 38 species suitability To reduce the dataset s storage requirement a look up table for unique numbers of the single dataset was created and is used in ReVeglH CSIRO Land and Water Page 10 X T
59. are used in the re vegetation scheme are extracted from this data We followed the model construct of Zhang et al 2001 in our simulation modelling the classes of forest sparse forest and shrublands have been aggregated to a perennial woody vegetation class The 1986 percentage woody cover for each area defines the current conditions and is the benchmark from which all scenario modelling is compared Table 1 8 The eight classes used in the CSHC landuse land cover dataset and the aerial extent they each occupy are shown EIR Landuse Land Cover Class name Class name of CSHC class code 1 Agricultural land 29 22 2 Forest 4 23 3 Vi PR Sparse forest 1 13 4 Shrubland 3 98 5 Pasture 51 61 6 Urban 0 03 7 Water 0 42 8 Barren 9 38 2
60. aster Different data resolution 100 500 RATHER To reduce ReVeglH s hardware requirements of RAM CPU and hard disk space and to ensure that all required components to successfully run ReVeglH fit onto one CD two spatial resolutions of data are used 1 The landuse land cover dataset DEM and average annual precipitation dataset are provided at 500 m resolution for the CSHC they each require roughly 4 MB of RAM The datasets are provided mainly for context so 500 m resolution was determined to be sufficient 2 The re vegetation area dataset and vegetation suitability dataset may attract cell by cell analysis so finer resolution was necessary and these datasets are provided at 100 m resolution which requires roughly 90 MB of RAM each Using raster data with two resolutions means only 384 MB of RAM is required to run ReVeglH and only 300 MB of free disk space is required to successfully load the application so user s computer specifications are greatly relaxed This allows more users without high end PCs in the CSHC to successfully install and run ReVeglH CSIRO Land and Water Page 18 e Minimum user operations FR RIP WRITE AN BEA ET AR a MAMAA BY BR eh a LYE Datase
61. dataset is selected The other raster datasets provide environmental context As introduced previously section 1 2 there are two methods of performing the simulation modelling 1 at the catchment or CSIRO Land and Water Page 25 county level using the landuse land cover dataset and 2 spatially distributed at 100 m resolution using the re vegetation area dataset The two methods of allowable user interaction to simulate landuse change are discussed fully in section 3 2 7 below 2 2 7 Target level settings G Figure 6 G 1 1 Wen et al 2005 Figure 9 e e The Target level setting area red G in Figure 6 is active when the re vegetation area dataset is selected red F
62. e 3 1 Zw 53477 Installing uninstalling and running 3 1 1 Installing ReVeglH CD WRRREYA ASISIT MERT ReVeglH_Setup exe Wit MRAR FAERIE PESSA A ALT o To install ReVeglH from the distribution CD ROM insert the ReVeglH CD into your CD drive The autorun capability of Windows will start the ReVeglH setup program If it does not find and double click ReVeglH Setup exe on the CD to start the setup manually The installation wizard will lead you through the entire installation Unless you really want to override the defaults you can just press OK or Yes or Next as appropriate to accept the installation default settings We strongly recommend that users accept the default installation settings 3 1 2 Starting ReVeglH 1 ReVeglH Elis V Rg 2 JFH fzr HheVeglH You can start ReVeglH through either 1 double clicking on the ReVeglH icon Fon your desk top or 2 through the menu Start Programs ReVegIH 3 1 3 Exiting ReVeglH You can exit ReVeglH through any of the following methods 1 click the cross button X on the top right corner of the ReVeglH window 2 click the Exit button a ee on the bottom right corner of the ReVeglH window or 3 the menu rA Show Dataset 28 Exit CSIRO Land and Water Page 30 3
63. e information can be gained for an area even though it is not the selected region You can e View data attribute information CSIRO Land and Water Page 27 2 2 9 Mode status bar I Figure 6 L D Figure 6 B e EWN Hah BE Ng Se e Ai o The mode status bar red in Figure 6 reports the four available modes Zoomin ZoomOut Pan and Pointer the default or normal condition when performing map and information manipulation tasks They are identifiable via the cursor which has a different cursor icon over the map display area red B in IK Figure 6 and also via the toolbar where a pushed button indicates the current mode Users can select a mode via the Toolbar or menu Z Tools which is explained in section 2 2 1 and 2 2 3 e Normal mode select a region to simulate show popup menu when Show Info is turned on e Zoomin Zoom in displayed dataset e ZoomOut Zoom out displayed dataset
64. e the dryness index D 7 E P and f current is the current percent forest landuse for the catchment or county In the modelling conducted here the term forest cover includes forest sparse forest and shrubland and this is referred to as percent woody cover meaning deep rooted perennial vegetation whose water requirements are different from grasses in the remainder of this guide The value of W was calculated using spatially averaged conditions for each catchment or county and then the value of W was derived from W as follows 0 80 lt W W 1 61 0 25 lt W 0 80 W 0 45 W lt 0 25 W 0 10 The resulting W is then used in equation 1 for the catchment or county for all values of simulated percent woody area For 36 hydrology stations in the CSHC results of locally calibrating the global model are shown in Figure 2 The locations and quality control of these hydrological data are provided in Li et a 2005 and for full details regarding the model calibration to local CSHC conditions see Zhang et al 2006 550 pA 60 Cc eo eo y 0 9837x 6 279 R 0 9871 18167x 5 8712 R 0 6013 B Cn eo B eo eo Modeld runoff mm CD eo 350 4 Modeld evapotranspiration mm CD o eo 250 SS S S S S 0 T T T f T 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Actual evapotranspiration mm Actual runoff
65. eak flow after storm events requires an assessment of event and site specific factors Calder 1999 For example re vegetation will have minimal to no impact on reducing peak flows and hence controlling floods when precipitation rates are extremely high as in a 1 100 year 24 hour storm event A counter to these positive impacts is the potentially more negative and sometime forgotten reduction in annual runoff due to increased evapotranspiration ET associated with the re vegetation schemes Huang and Zhang 2004 Wei et al 2005 Xiubin et al 2003 Given that 1 approximately 43 of the annual runoff to the Yellow River Basin is generated from the middle reaches of the Yellow River draining the Loess Plateau from Lanzhou to Sanmen Figure 1 Li 2003 Xiubin et al 2003 and 2 water resources are scarce in the Yellow River Basin due to increasing competition arising from rapid industrialisation of the economy and urbanisation of the population e g Anderson and Peng 1998 Brown and Halweil 1998 Paarlberg 1997 CSIRO Land and Water Page 2 Rosegrant and Ringler 2000 Varis and Vakkilainen 2001 Xu et a 2002 any reduction of runoff from the Loess Plateau is a serious concern for the 107 million people living in the Yellow River Basin and for the 400 million living on the North China Plain partly relying on its water The aims of ACIAR Project LWR 2002 018 are 1 to further understand the regional eco hydrology of the CSH
66. eashrub No Populus hopeiensis Hopei poplar Yes IL Salm cheilophila Schneider Black willow No zx E Malus domestica Borkh Apple Yes ff Ailanthus altissima Tree of heaven No 4 Pyrus bretschneideri Pear Yes 3 Hippophae rhamnoides Seabuckthom Yes Pyros betulaefolia Birch leaved pear No t Prunus davidiana Peach No Ziziphus jujuba Mill Chinese date Yes if Prunus amenena var ansu Apricot Suitable Species 8 of 16 No Populus hopeiensis Hopei poplar f No Malus domestica Borkh Apple Mo Pyrus bretschneideri Pear 0 x Yes 3H Pyrus betulaefolia Birchteaved pear EH OK Species Names Ub ee eae Rats MM Oise le Yes SHE Amygdalus davidians Carr Wild hairy peach SHP Suitable Species 13 of 22 Mo eS Ostryopsis davidiana Decne Hazel hornbeam Yes Amorpha fruticosa Fake indigo Yes 4 Caragana microphylla Littleleaf peashrub No XF Salik psammophila Dune willow Yes LES Hippophae rhamnoides Seabuckthorn Suitable Species 4 of 6 g 3 2 4 Selecting and unselecting a county catchment AY DAZE IE S TAS be PE HE ELA DS H a AK EC H eR 1 MEK LA Tools Hih A274 Catchment Search 2 Search Tool A gys Ast AAAH KAI ER a PEP iE YT CIE AY Wit Sk Be p 1 321 FEAR ke CATH
67. elling output area E Mapped by area F Show dataset area G Target level settings H Information of mouse over region Mode status bar The 9 parts of the application are explained in detail in the following sections 2 2 1 Menus A KAX K Figure 6 L A Table 7 4 Table 8 Table 9 Table 10 The Menu area red A in Figure 6 contains all the commands to work with ReVeglH There are four menus on the menu bar Show Dataset View Info Tools and Help Items in each menu are explained in Table 7 Table 8 Table 9 and Table 10 respectively Please note Info is a working abbreviation for Information that is used in the following Menu 1 Show Dataset 5 2 Figure 6 ps The Show Dataset menu is used to select the dataset to display in the display area red B in Figure 6 The first five datasets are raster data Only one raster dataset can be displayed at a time The last two are vector datasets Only one vector dataset can be displayed on top of a raster dataset at any given time xx Table 7 ltems in Show Dataset menu The dashed line
68. elp minimise code development overheads e 5 H Easy to use given that the potential users are likely to have limited computer skills ReVeglH needed to be a straightforward user friendly application e Standalone it must not require other software packages to support its functionality especially basic GIS functions e CD distribution due to slow or non existent internet access for many potential users the application should be distributed on CDs and installed locally rather than as a web based application this essential requirement was decided by consultation with key Chinese stakeholders in August 2003 e Low hardware requirement it must run on a relatively low level computer at least a Pentium Ill 600 CPU with at least 384 MB RAM and at least 300 MB of free hard disk space 2 1 2 Methodology of implementing requirements ReVeglIH To meet the requirements listed in section 2 1 1 taking into account potential users computing ability and facility ReVeglH was designed with the following features data auto load data pre processing different data resolution and minimal user input requirements These are described in detail below Dat
69. en the landuse dataset is selected red F in Figure 6 the Woody Cover scroll bar is active and adjustable allowing the percent woody cover of the selected region to be simulated to increase or decrease with the estimates of Runoff and ET changing accordingly When the re vegetation areas dataset is selected the display shows the simulated output for the selected target level priority area and land limit combination the scroll bar indicates the percentage woody cover under this re vegetation combination and is not manually adjustable You can e Adjust the Woody Cover scroll bar to simulate the corresponding changes of the partitioning of annual average precipitation into annual average runoff and annual average ET for the selected catchment or county 2 2 5 Mapped by E Figure 6 L ED Figure 8 This area red E in Figure 6 provides the option to select and display a vector dataset either the CSHC catchment boundary or county boundary on top of a raster dataset If the catchment map is selected modelling will be performed for a catchment Likewise if the county map is selected modelling will be performed for a county Figu
70. er Conservation and Supervision Suide Shaanxi Province 8 Oct 2004 15 Mr Rujiang Ma Director Dingjiagou Hydrology Station of Yellow River Conservation Commission Suide Shaanxi Province 8 Oct 2004 CSIRO Land and Water Page v 20 21 Mr Shujie Gao Deputy Governor of Ansai County Ansai Shaanxi Province 28 Oct 2005 Mr Saihong Wang Director Bureau of Water Resources of Ansai County Ansai Shaanxi Province 28 Oct 2005 Mr Shenggiang Gao Manager General Administration Office of Ansai Government Ansai Shaanxi Province 28 Oct 2005 Mr Han Bai Director Bureau of Forestry of Ansai County Ansai Shaanxi Province 28 Oct 2005 Mrs Donggin Bai Deputy Head of Yanhewan Township Ansai County Ansai Shaanxi Province 28 Oct 2005 and Mr Feng Gao Yanhe River Management Office Ansai County Ansai Shaanxi Province 28 Oct 2005 Thanks also to Dr lan Willett for providing input to ReVeglH and to our two external reviewers Dr Joe Walker and Prof Jing Li for making many positive suggestions during our final review Finally the entire project team offers a warm thanks to 1 Mr Heinz Buettikofer CSIRO Land and Water Graphic Communicator notre graphiste avec virtuosit for ably working with both English and Chinese text to design the cover for this report and for the accompanying ReVeglH CD and 2 Mr Fred van Dijk CSIRO Land and Water Legal Commercial Officer noster egregiu
71. et al 2005b The resulting DEM is hydrologically correct in that the river network defined from it is connected without any spurious small parallel streams being introduced The elevations for the CSHC range from 312 m to 2 760 m and slopes can exceed 30 from horizontal in the 100 m resolution model Yang et a 2005a Slopes derived from the DEM are smaller than the slopes measured on the ground due to smoothing during the mapping and digitisation processes For GIS models making use of this DEM means that slope rules developed from field data will require modification 6 SedNet Wilkinson et al 2004 DEM 42 Table 5 Catchment boundaries these data were extracted from the DEM using SedNet Wilkinson et al 2004 The 42 catchments of the CSHC are listed in Table 5 7T BAA 1980 70 Table 6 County boundaries this dataset was provided by ISWC The data were provided at 1 500 000 scale There are 70 counties wholly or partially located in the CSHC 4 Table 6 Both measured data county area landuse land limits percent woody cover and precipitation and simulated outputs ET woody area runoff re vegetation target levels and priority areas provided in ReVeglH are only relevan
72. in IK Figure 6 See 1 1 for more explanations The re vegetation target level is set to one of three levels corresponding to three different vegetation groups 1 for trees 2 for shrubs 3 for grasses left tab in G When the Show Priority Area option is ticked the re vegetation priority areas for the selected target level will be shown in black on top of the pre selected target area see Figure 4 for the spatial relationship Once ticked the hydrological simulations are then only driven by the priority area and land limit combination for the selected region For each target level priority area some areas should not be included in any sensible re vegetation scheme as they are either unsuitable water urban or already woody perennials this land limit is named WUF water urban and forest With the WUF land limit selected the area that can potentially be re vegetated is comprised of the Target area minus the WUF land limit Managers of some regions may not want to re vegetate highly productive agricultural lands In these cases the land limit becomes WUFA water urban forest and agriculture With the WUFA land limit selected the area that can potentially be re vegetated is comprised of the Target area minus the WUFA land limit As stated previously for WUF and WUFA the forest class represents the perennial woody vegetation that is comprised of the forest sparse forest and shrubland as introduced in the Landuse Land Cover dataset
73. lmus pumila Siberian elm Yes trim Populus simoni Carr Chinese small leaf poplar Yes 4879 Phatycladus orientalis L Chinese arborvitae Yes Robinia pseudoacia Black locust No RH Salix matsudana Corkscrew willow No i Populus davidiana Mountain poplar Yes d Ailanthus altissima Tree of heaven No 4 Populus cathayana Rehd Korean poplar No E Populus alba cv Western White poplar Mo BE Prunus davidiana Peach Yes if Prunus ammeniana var ansu Apricot No Ef Populus tomentosa carr Chinese white poplar No 3x E Malus domestica Borkh Apple No f Pyrus bretschneideri Pear No Morus alba L Mulberry Yes iX EtJuglans regia Walnut Yes Pyrus betulaefolia Birchteaved pear No 38035 Catalpa bungei C A Mey Beijing Catalpa Mo X Ziziphus jujuba Mill Chinese date Mo f Populus nigra var thevestina Diode Bean Lombard ISHS Suitable Species 9 of 24 EHRE all Shrubs BOK Speci Yes 0728 Amygdalus davidiana Carr Wiki hairy peach Yes Pl Rosa xanthina Lindl Yellow rose Yes 3 Vitex negundo Cut leaf chastetree Yes FA Sophora davidii David s mountain laurel Yes HEX Ziziphus jujuba var spinosa Chinese sour date Mo AT Ostryopsis davidiana Decne Hazel hornbeam Yes iES8i amp Amorpha fruticosa False indigo Yes vb Elheagnus angustifolia Russian olive Yes Caragana microphylla Littleleaf peashrub No F A Salix psammophila Dune willow
74. ls 1 2 ARLA Tools Xt Method 1 click Toolbar Method 2 select menu Z Tools red A in Tools red C in Figure 6 Figure 6 sii ZoomToRegion Click on EH Select XAA Zoom Selected Region ZoomToCSHC Click on Select L Jf lx Zoom to CSHC WK Zoomin Click on Select A fixi Zoom In Zui JN Fai ZoomOut Click on 5 Select Zoom Out 1T Pan Click on 4 Select Z7 fA r Pan To zoom to the selected region a catchment or a county with yellow boundary Accessing the ZoomToRegion tool will zoom to the selected region If no region is selected this tool does nothing To show whole CSHC Accessing the Zoom to CSHC tool will zoom to the CSHC extent To zoom in 1 access the Zoomin tool 2 click on the area you are interested in or draw a box left mouse click hold and move around your interested area To zoom out 1 access the ZoomOut tool 2 click on the area you are interested in or draw a box to show your interested zoom out ratio To pan a map 1 access the Pan tool 2 click on the area you want to be the centre of the display or click and drag in order to reposition the display 3 2 6 Changing modes 4 Figure 6
75. mber County County name Chinese name Area within CSHC Area within CSHC code km 96 48 612624 AnSaiXian QFE E 2 853 99 57 49 142328 ShiLouXian 1 811 99 96 50 142324 XiaoYiXian FXE 8 0 75 51 612625 ZhiDanXian i 4 776 21 04 52 612622 YanChuanXian 1 954 100 00 53 142333 JiaoKouXian 82 7 16 54 612601 YanAnShi 3 491 99 58 55 142634 YongHexXian 1 271 100 00 56 142635 XiXian ek 1 462 96 12 57 612621 YanChangXian 2 225 100 00 58 142632 PuXian 38 1 498 96 81 59 142633 DaNingXian XT 986 100 00 60 142625 HongDongXian iH 7 0 48 61 612630 YiChuanXian UIT E 2 112 99 90 62 142630 JiXian ne 1 799 100 00 63 142601 LinFenShi 32 2 52 64 612627 GanQuanXian HRS 38 1 67 65 142631 XiangNingXian 27H 940 42 76 66 612628 FuxXian HH 13 0 30 67 612631 HuangLongXian 1 041 37 23 68 612629 LuoChuanXian J7 amp E 4 0 23 69 142728 HeJinXian 41 7 47 70 612102 HanChengShi hs 152 9 65 Total 112 728 km 1 2 System flow chart Figure 5 WUF WUFA tht
76. ment list or county list displays in accordance to the Mapped By option Both are sorted alphabetically by the PinYin version of the Chinese script To unselect the selected catchment or county Method In the normal mode click on the currently selected region while holding down the Ctrl key The yellow boundary around the selected region will disappear and the entire CSHC will be selected Switching between Mapped by catchments to Mapped by counties red E in Figure 6 will set the selected region back to the whole CSHC 3 2 5 Zooming and panning maps 5 ME CAE A ZN DX ER o CSIRO Land and Water Page 37 There are 5 zooming panning tools available ZoomToRegion WholeCSHC Zoomln ZoomOut and Pan Each similarly has two methods of access Table 12 below x Table 12 Methods to access map zooming panning too
77. mm Figure 2 36 a FIKARA b Model outputs for the 36 hydrology stations in the CSHC for a average annual actual evapotranspiration and b average annual runoff CSIRO Land and Water Page 4 1 1 Data acquisition and description AEE B CS Ei EAA BOE PE FOR EK A EP Eg Ek BA BPE A BvD x RAE FA The data used in ReVeglH include five raster datasets landuse land cover re vegetation areas vegetation suitability precipitation and digital elevation model DEM see Figure 3 and two vector datasets catchment boundaries and county boundaries they are described below in turn _ Agricultural land ree Sparse forest _ Shrubland J Pasture C Urban E i D AHA 2616 m 312 m CSIRO Land and Water __ Non Revegetation area Steep slopes and gullies 5507 E Target area EE Pronty area E Land limit 0 2 Figure 3 a b c d e The five raster datasets distributed with ReVeglH are displayed they are a landuse land cover b re vegetation area c vegetation suitability d precipitation and e DEM With b and c having 100 m resolution whereas a d and e
78. ority Area Br dT AGBS B C 238 Shrubs WUF Increased woody area for this scheme for the selected region C 38 Grass 5 WUFA 1 100 km Figure 12 Shows in detail the Target Level part of the ReVeglH GUI that is located by the red G in Figure 6 To change the target area settings move the mouse to area G in K Figure 6 then 1 choose a target level tick the box in front of Select Priority Area to re vegetate the priority area only the priority area is a subset of the entire target area and 2 choose a land limit option The units for Runoff and ET are displayed in the text box as MI mega or million litres K Figure 13 illustrates the effect of switching between the two land limits and having the priority area selected or not All four example outputs are for the same small part of Ansai County with second re vegetation level shrubs selected The percent woody perennials data shown at the scroll bar are for the specific combination of the target area and land limit settings CSIRO Land and Water Page 40 V M pA M o YB Roe vegetaton Impact on Hydrology ACLAR Project LWR 2002 018 O XJ uni T Impact on Hydrology Project L l0jx STAM Show Datases SFMA View info IS Toos SERY eb Current Woody Cover Semulated Woody Cover 98
79. osal CSIRO Land and Water http www catchment crc org au associateprojects aciar Introduction htm CSIRO Land and Water Page 46 McVicar TR LiLT Van Niel TG Hutchinson MF Mu XM Liu ZH 2005 Spatially Distributing 21 Years of Monthly Hydrometeorological Data in China Spatio Temporal Analysis of FAO 56 Crop Reference Evapotranspiration and Pan Evaporation in the Context of Climate Change CSIRO Land and Water Technical Report 8 05 Canberra Australia 316 pp http www clw csiro au publications technical2005 tr8 05 pdf Paarlberg RL 1997 Feeding China a confident view Food Policy 22 269 279 Rahman JM Seaton SP Perraud J M Hotham H Verrelli DI Coleman JR 2003 It s TIME for a New Environmental Modelling Framework In MODSIM 2004 International Congress on Modelling and Simulation Townsville Australia pp 1727 1732 Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand Inc Rahman MJ Seaton PS Cuddy MS 2004 Making Frameworks More Useable Using Model Introspection and Metadata to Develop Model Processing Tools Environmental Modelling amp Software 19 275 284 Rosegrant MW Ringler C 2000 Impact on food security and rural development of transferring water out of agriculture Water Policy 1 567 586 Shen HQ 1991 China Loess Plateau 1 500 000 Land Use Map part of the Loess Plateau Resources and Environmental Remote Sensing Series Xi an Atlas Press Xi an Shi H Shao M 2000 Soil and water los
80. pecies listed in the right column is suitable for the cell of interest Alternately a red No means the cell is unsuitable for the given species The 7 pre defined lists are a All Fruit Trees 11 b All Species 38 c All Trees 24 d All Shrubs 14 e Common opecies 22 f Common Trees 16 and g Common Shrubs 6 The numbers in brackets represent the number of species in each group CSIRO Land and Water E AI Fruit Trees Screenshot lolx BOK Species Names EX Ziziphus jujuba var spinosa Chinese sour date i Elseagnus angustifolia Russian olive ir Hippophae rhamnoides Seabuckthorn Prunus davidiana Peach f Prunus ammeniana var ansu Apricot F HL Malus domestica Borkh Apple 3 amp Morus alba L Mulberry tx t Juglans regia Walnut T8 8 Catalpa bungei C A Mey Beijing Catalpa X Ziziphus jujuba Mill Chinese date Suitable Species 5 of 11 Page 34 EHIE All Species BOOK Species Names 36 2 Pinus tabulaeformis Carr Chinese pine Betula Platyphylla Suk Asian white birch U amp BE Amygdalus davidiana Carr Wiki hairy peach F Rosa xanthina Lindl Yellow rose TE Quercus liaotungensis Koidz Manchurian oak ds Ulmus pumila Siberian elm Populus simonii Carr Chinese small leaf poplar ini 3 Platycladus orientalis L Chinese arborvitae SH
81. re 8 illustrates the different views of these two selections CSIRO Land and Water Page 24 a b Figure 8 Effects of Mapped by selection are shown CSHC is mapped by a catchments and b counties The Landuse Land Cover raster dataset Is in the background The landuse land cover classes can be queried by requesting information from this dataset as outlined in section 3 2 3 This selecting function is also accessible through the menu Show Dataset You can e Choose the way to segment the CSHC either by county or catchment 2 2 6 Show dataset F 5 Pe A ae HA AAE CRI Figure 6 Zr F Choose a raster dataset to display red F in Figure 6 As illustrated previously there are five datasets to choose from They are e Landuse Land Cover e Re vegetation Area e Vegetation Suitability e DEM and e Precipitation You can e Choose a dataset to display As discussed previously section 1 1 to minimise computer system requirements the landuse DEM and precipitation rasters are provided at 500 m resolution with 100 m resolution data being provided for the landuse land cover and re vegetation area datasets The ability to simulate the impact that re vegetation will have on regional hydrology is only available when the landuse land cover dataset or the re vegetation area
82. s iurisconsultus ab accipiter acies ad pertractatio for providing assistance with wording of disclaimers copyrights and the licence of use for the ReVeglH application CSIRO Land and Water Page vi Executive Summary RAW EKE LWR 2002 018 38 NET CH TIME The Invisible Modelling Environment
83. s from the Loess Plateau in China Journal of Arid Environments 45 9 20 Varis O Vakkilainen P 2001 China s 8 challenges to water resources management in the first quarter of the 21st Century Geomorphology 41 93 104 Wei X Liu S Zhou G Wang C 2005 Hydrological processes in major types of Chinese forest Hydrological Processes 19 63 75 Wen ZM McVicar TR Li LT Van Niel TG Li R Yang Q K Jiao F 2005 Mapping Perennial Vegetation Suitability and Identifying Priority Areas for Implementing the Re Vegetation Program in the Coarse Sandy Hilly Catchments of the Loess Plateau China CSIRO Land and Water Technical Report 18 05 Canberra Australia 68pp http www clw csiro au publications technical2005 tr18 05 pdf Wenhua L 2004 Degradation and restoration of forest ecosystems in China Forest Ecology and Management 201 33 41 Wilkinson S Henderson A Chen Y 2004 SedNet User Guide Client Report for the Cooperative Research Centre for Catchment Hydrology CSIRO Land and Water Canberra Australia Winkler D 2002 Participation in Forestry in Tibetan Southwest China A Strategy to Resolve Resource Use Conflicts Mountain Research and Development 22 397 399 Xiang zhou X Hong wu Z Ouyang Z 2004 Development of check dam systems in gullies on the Loess Plateau China Environmental Science and Policy 7 79 86 Xiubin H Zhanbin L Mingde H Keli T Fengli Z 2003 Down scale analysis for water scarcity in respon
84. se to soil water conservation on Loess Plateau of China Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 94 355 361 Xu H Wang S Xue D 1999 Biodiversity conservation in China Legislation Plans and Measures Biodiversity and Conservation 8 819 837 CSIRO Land and Water Page 47 Xu ZG Bennett MT Tao R Xu JT 2004 China s Sloping Land Conversion Programme four year on current situation and pending issues nternational Forestry Review 6 317 326 Xu ZX Takeuchi K Ishidaira H Zhang XW 2002 Sustainability Analysis for Yellow River Water Resources Using the System Dynamics Approach Water Resources Management 16 239 261 Yang H 2004 Land conservation campaign in China integrated management local participation and food supply option Geoforum 35 507 518 Yang QK Jupp DLB Li R Liang W Shi WJ 2006 Re scaling the Slope Calculated Using a Coarser Resolution DEM by Histogram Matching with a Finer Resolution DEM unpublished manuscript 8 pp Yang QK McVicar TR Van Niel TG Hutchinson MF Li LT 2005a Generating a Hydrologically Correct DEM with ANUDEM in the Loess Plateau of China Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica in Chinese Yang QK Van Niel TG McVicar TR Hutchinson MF Li LT 2005b Developing a Digital Elevation Model Using ANUDEM for the Coarse Sandy Hilly Catchments of the Loess Plateau China CSIRO Land and Water Technical Report 7 05 Canberra Australia 74 pp http www clw csiro au publications technic
85. separates the raster datasets vector datasets and the option to exit Item Purpose Landuse Land Cover Display landuse land cover dataset Re Vegetation Area Display re vegetation area dataset Vegetation Suitability Display vegetation suitability dataset DEM Display DEM dataset _ Annual Precipitation As EK Display annual precipitation dataset Catchment Boundaries Display catchment boundaries CountyBoundaries Display county boundaries Exit Close ReVeglH CSIRO Land and Water Page 20 Raster datasets can also be selected from within the Show Raster Dataset area red F in Figure 6 vector datasets can also be selected from within the Mapped By area red E in K Figure 6 By default the catchment boundaries are overlayed on the landuse land cover dataset when the application first starts If the user does not select a specific catchment or county the modelling results are applicable to the entire CSHC Menu 2 View Info 5 5 7
86. show information option cc 31 323 w A VIewingJnforffietiolssse sott od tase deese coo E AN 33 3 24 Selecting and unselecting a county catchment ssseeeeee 36 3 2 5 Zooming and panning maps i 37 26 JAAT Pe Chanding MOMS TOTO TOT 38 3 27 Simulating landuse change RN 39 4 Support and Other Issues i 43 4 1 Joy e Trouble Shooting mm itnainalyatiseisives a sU cashes 43 4 1 1 Common troubles x55 ese 2teercnahis ast Konietaasenagna en anaeshonbsteaneesaomeaanat 43 4 2 Support and questions pe 45 5 SH ReferencGess S ERE 46 CSIRO Land and Water Page iii Acknowledgements LWR 2002 018 KZCX3 SW 421 Harold Hotham Joel Rahman Shane Seaton and Ben Leighton 2003
87. snsansanenceenscsecesesesseseseees vii 1 JU IntFOdUc HOD iod tet sa ca Dept vare E 1 1 4 Data acquisition and description ns 5 eZee eV uei TT 15 2 Software Description es 17 2 1 System design considerations 17 2 1 4 Essential requirements i 17 2 1 2 Methodology of implementing requirements pp 17 22 The ReVeglH graphical user interface GUD 19 221 ER Menus CA eriu i a i a a n A a a 20 222 Dion Display area Bhau AT an ecieetatass 22 2 29 LE Toobar C erara M NU IDEM E A 22 2 24 Modelling output area DD 23 225 DT Mapped Dy ES ee a bus d 24 226 Av HI SHOW datdset F oniga Dd lac ORRI E EN ad Nu RR ED 25 2 2 7 Target level settings GT 26 2 2 8 Information of mouse over region H pp 27 229 Mode Status bar Dl 28 2 3 System requirements 28 3 JB Using BeVeglbl ac nascente aa Ecc SELL rident Lora detecta 30 3 1 Z HIT Installing uninstalling and running pp 30 91d Installing ReVeglH paa e adir cd C stubs Ta DEC a bu DA 30 O2 Pear SI etar ng RE 30 odo AA Exiting REVSgI d usc Md ioc A Gast end rts uq 30 Od ms ORG 31 B25 A WORKING with ReVeglL se omi Ped a e aa 31 Ox doi bDisplayiig datasets cinnin a 31 3 22 Toggle
88. t No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No Yes No No No No No Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Page 11 4 1980 2000 21 ANUSPLIN Hutchinson 2004b McVicar et al 2005 Precipitation dataset ISWC obtained monthly precipitation data at 58 meteorological stations in and around the CSHC for the 21 year period from 1980 to 2000 inclusive these data were then interpolated with ANUSPLIN Version 4 3 Hutchinson 2004b using a bi variate thin plate spline with a square root transformation of the dependent variable prior to spline fitting to produce monthly precipitation surfaces McVicar et al 2005 The precipitation dataset provided in ReVeglH is the average annual data of 21 years from 1980 to 2000 the maximum and minimum values are 556 mm and 276 mm respectively 5 DEM Yang et al 2005b ANUDEM Hutchinson 2004a 312 2760 K WEE 30 Yang et al 2005a 100 DEM DEM dataset the 100 m resolution DEM dataset was created using ANUDEM Version 5 1 Hutchinson 2004a from contours rivers and spot height data Yang
89. t KZCX3 SW 421 LWR 2002 018 was an Associate Project of the Cooperative Research Centre for Catchment Hydrology that merged with the Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology to become the eWater Cooperative Research Centre from 1 July 2005 Sincere thanks to Harold Hotham who coded a very early prototype of the application that was demonstrated in August 2003 Joel Rahman Shane Seaton and Ben Leighton from the CSIRO Land and Water TIME The Invisible Modelling Environment team for their invaluable help in developing the software Thanks to the many stakeholders who provided ideas about the final form of the application They are listed below with family names bolded and the dates they attended project meetings are provided in parenthesis 1 Mr Zhengjie Liu Director Soil Conservation Bureau Section Yellow River Conservation Commission Zhengzhou Henan Province 14 Aug 2003 13 and 14 Oct 2004 and 26 Oct 2005 2 Mr Junfeng Wang Director Planning Section Bureau of the Upper and Middle Reaches of the Yellow River Committee Xian Shaanxi Province 14 Aug 2003 13 and 14 Oct 2004 and 26 Oct 2005 3 Mr Jianhua Xu Chief Engineer Hydrology Bureau Yellow River Conservation Commission Zhengzhou Henan Province 13 and 14 Oct 2004 and 26 Oct 2005 4 Mr Wenshan Wang Director Soil Conservation Section Yellow River Conservation Commission Zhengzhou Henan Province 13 and 14 Oct 2004 and 26 Oct 200
90. t selection and information can be accessed from a series of drop down menus from live radio buttons or from the toolbar embedded in the user interface The use of the radio buttons and toolbar means that the user can circumvent use of the drop down menu system Users do not have to manually type in any information as all choices are embedded within ReVeglH Selecting the suite of radio buttons and the toolbar is performed by clicking the respective active area of the screen with the mouse For re vegetation scenario planning at the catchment level or county level a slide bar is provided so users can simulate hydrological changes that would occur as the percentage of woody cover in the selected region is simulated to change this is achieved by a mouse drag of the percent woody cover slide bar The simulation of the hydrological impact occurs instantaneously when the percent woody cover value changes 2 2 The ReVeglH graphical user interface GUI 9 Re Vegetation Impact on Hydrology ACIAR Project L EIE Show Dataset view Info LE Tools Catchment Map Model Dynamics Current Woody Cover a Simulated Woody Cover B 436 lap er kA BL Precipitation Partitioning 9 4 5 455 90 6 4 32
91. t to the part of the county within the CSHC boundary CSIRO Land and Water Page 12 Table 5 42 Names and areas of 42 catchments in the CSHC They are numbered consecutively from north to south see Wen et al 2005 specifically their Figure 2 for the locations of the catchments Number 41 42 Catchment name Honghe River Lamawan Longwanggou River Huangfuchuan River Yangjiachuan River Kuyehe River Pianguanhe River Qingshuichuan River Hequ Xianchuanhe River Gushanchuan River Zhujiachuan River Baode Wudinghe River Tuweihe River Wujiazhuang Huashuta Luzihe River Lanyihe River Weifenhe River Zhongzhuang Jialuhe River Yangjiapu Zhaojiaping Qiushuihe River Nuanqushan Sanchuanhe River Hedi Mutouyu Chengjiazhuang Jinjiazhuang YanHe River Qingjianhe River Lijiashan Yanchasi Quchanhe River Yonghe River Xinshuihe River Anhe Guandao Fenchuanhe River Xigelou Wencheng Wangjiayao Zhouchuan River Shiwanghe River Ehe River Sili Jiyizhen Total 112 728 km CSIRO Land and Water Catchment name Area km ARTI 5 698 Ba DK TR 470 Jt 35 1 777 E II 3 509 1 114 fet EFT 9 050 fh du 2 078 968 585 1 595 1 318 2 919 242 31 460 Fs eT 3 333 ARE 1 007 583 bas 1n 2 219 Baie 1 645
92. tion of target or priority re vegetation areas limited by current landuses is also modelled on a catchment or county basis Re vegetation priority areas are those cells located in a target area that are both lower than and adjacent to steep slopes and gullies The combined effect of re planting the priority zones first will be that the water loss will be minimised while maximising the reduction of soil entering the river network ReVeglH provides the ability to view one raster dataset while gaining information from another For example we anticipate that the predominant use of ReVeglH will be to display the re vegetation dataset showing the target level priority area in combination with two pre defined land limits while overlaying and exploring information of vegetation suitability for the 38 species Using ReVeglH in this manner provides users with 1 a spatial assessment at a 100 m resolution of where to and where not to re vegetate with perennial species 2 seven different site suitability mapping options from the list of 38 species and 3 estimation of re vegetation scenario s impact on regional hydrology The project team recommend that some detailed site assessment be undertaken prior to performing any re planting as ReVeglH is a regional scale decision support tool and local factors near and below the resolution of the data used in the application may be critical in determining success or failure of re vegetation schemes CSIRO
93. ttp cres anu edu au outputs software php The Australian National University Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies Canberra Hutchinson MF 2004b ANUSPLIN Version 4 3 User Guide http cres anu edu au outputs software php The Australian National University Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies Canberra Jiang Y Kang M Gao Q He L Xiong M Jia Z Jin Z 2003 Impact of land use on plant biodiversity and measures for biodiversity conservation in the Loess Plateau in China a case study in a hilly gully region of the Northern Loess Plateau Biodiversity and Conservation 12 2121 2133 Ke BS Zhou SY 2005 Land acquisition in China policy development and reform recommendations In China s agricultural and rural development in the early 21st century challenges opportunities and policy options Eds BH Sonntag JK Huang S Rozelle JH Skerritt pp 469 487 ACIAR Monograph No 116 Canberra Li GY 2003 Ponderation and Practice of the Yellow River Control Yellow River Conservancy Press Zhengzhou 271 pp Li LT McVicar TR Van Niel TG Mu XM Zhang XP Yang QK Liu ZH 2005 Quality Control of 21 Years of Monthly Meteorological and Hydrological Data in the Coarse Sandy Hilly Catchments of the Loess Plateau China CSIRO Land and Water Technical Report 6 05 Canberra Australia 89 pp http www clw csiro au publications technical2005 tr6 05 pdf McVicar TR 2002 ACIAR Project LWR 2002 018 Project Prop
94. typical landscape of the Coarse Sandy Hilly Catchments of the Loess Plateau China Severe gullying is present some of which almost reaches the ridges In efforts to reduce erosion rates large areas have been re vegetated as the photo shows though this has also reduced the runoff Summer cropping is conducted on the terraces and extensive grazing of sheep takes place over all parts of the landscape Photo taken by XianMo Zhu near Yan an City Shaanxi Province May 1985 The bottom left insert shows a worker tending 5 year old pines in Pianguan County Shanxi Province 7th October 2004 photo by Tim McVicar The top right insert shows the graphic user interface of the ReVeglH application For bibliographic purposes this document may be cited as Li L T McVicar T R Van Niel T G Zhang L Li R Yang Q K Zhang X P Mu X M Wen Z M Liu W Z Zhao Y A and Liu Z H 2005 A Bilingual User s Guide for the Decision Support Tool for Managing Re Vegetation and its Impact on Hydrology ReVeglH in the Coarse Sandy Hilly Catchments of the Loess Plateau China CSIRO Land and Water Technical Report 19 05 Canberra Australia 48 pp A PDF version is available at http www clw csiro au publications technical2005 tr1 9 05 pdf ISBN 0 643 09266 8 CSIRO Land and Water Page ii Table of Contents BY Acknowledgemelhlts ccssar iv Executive Summary cccccccccsssssssssssensccsscssccceeeseesesessessn
95. ve defined two land limits the first consists of water urban and forests called WUF areas and the second consists of water urban forests and agricultural land called WUFA Note for WUF and WUFA the forest class represents perennial woody vegetation comprised of the forest sparse forest and shrubland classes as introduced in the Landuse Land Cover dataset above Here we maintain calling it forest to better summarise the major historical re vegetation effort Throughout the remainder of this user guide the term re vegetation dataset is used for brevity in preference to re vegetation target level priority area and land limit combination dataset CSIRO Land and Water Page 8 Table 2 Rules to define the re vegetation target levels in the CSHC Target level 1 is for trees level 2 is for shrubs and level 3 is for grasses Target level 0 in the table indicates the area is not suitable for re vegetation The slopes are measured from the 100 m resolution DEM note that slopes measured on the ground would be steeper HY f WM RE Precipitation Aspect Land position Slope Target level mm a from north from horizontal 500 BHH north facing 7 983 Hills 8 5 Gullies 2 2 15 ROBIN BK v5 i4 Bottom lt 2 2 0 south facing Z 583 Hills 8 5 0 Gullies lt 2 2 0 3 0 OO NINO ER Bottom
96. verage annual precipitation in mm Selecting any item on this menu also turns the Show Info explained in section 3 2 2 option on Items in this menu are accessible via a popup menu see section 3 2 3 for details Menu 3 Tools Figure 6 C This menu contains a collection of tools for working with datasets and dataset information All items here are accessible through the Toolbar red C in Figure 6 please see section 2 2 3 regarding the toolbar CSIRO Land and Water Page 21 Table 9 TA5 Items in Tools menu The dashed line separates the functionality provided by this part of ReVeglH Item Zoom Selected Region Zoomto CSHC Zoom In Zoom Out Pan Back to Pointer Catchment Search County Search Show Map Information Menu 4 Help pointer normal mode Purpose Display the selected region on the display area Scale display to whole CSHC Enlarge map display Reduce map display Re centre and pan map Change back to
97. w the resolution of the data used in the application may be critical in determining success or failure of re vegetation schemes d Re Vegetation Impact on Hydrology ACIAR Project LWR 2002 018 ni x at TUE E E All Trees iol x Show Dataset View Info LA Tools Help PIT x E OK Species Names A County Map r E Ves S Pinus tabulseformis Carr Chinese pine Mo 9 Betula Platyphylla Suk Asian white birch Current Woody Cover Simulated Woody Cover No 5 JRE Quercus Kaotungensis Koidz rt 98 187 Yes 4 Ulmus pumila Siberian elm amp Precipitation Partitioning Yes Populus simonii Carr Chinese small leaf poplar amp di WE Runoff 097 7 No 4845 Pietycledus orientalis L Chinese arborvitae 6 3 Yes Robinia pseudoacia Black locust em No 4 Sal matsudana Corkscrew willow iy Yes i Populus davidiana Mountain poplar A Mo A Ailsnthus altissima Tree of heaven 6 ARRESE ET 1212295 M Yes 35 Populus cathayana Rehd Korean poplar 1 6 91 6 Mc E Populus alba cv Western White poplar HERES Mo BE Prunus davidiana Peach UI E x 4 0n aan boo M Na p i PESA P E No B SSeS Cal Einer poplar Yes iz itt Populus hopeiensis Hopei poplar
98. y be copied to your hard disk If this is not the case then these files may need to be loaded from the Windows XP installation CD We suggest discussing this with your IT support staff if you are unsure how to proceed CSIRO Land and Water Page 44 4 2 x fr Support and questions http www catchment crc org au associateprojects aciar Tim McVicar tim mcvicar csiro au iLrui ms iswc ac cn EX TIME TIME http www toolkit net au cgi bin WebObjects toolkit woa wa productDetails productlD 1000015 XT BA RE e V OER TAA SKS TEE lu zhang csiro au ReVeglH http www iswc ac cn 86 29 8701 2482 ReVeglH lingtao li csiro au To obtain an introduction to ACIAR project LWR 2002 018 please refer to http www catchment crc org au associateprojects aciar or contact Dr Tim McVicar in Australia tim mcvicar csiro au or Prof Li Rui lirui ms iswc ac cn in China For comments and questions regarding TIME please consult the TIME website at http www toolkit net au cgi bin WebObjects toolkit woa wa productDetails productI

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