User Manual - Australian Powered Paragliders.
Contents
1. User Manual www dudek eu TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1s Tc RUN 3 2 The 4 2 1 Design 2 2 Construction 3 Flight 9 3 1 Steering lines and speed system adjustment 3 2 Free flying 3 2 1 Take offt 3 2 2 Flight 3 2 3 Landing 3 2 4 Winching 3 3 Powered flight 3 3 1 Take off 3 3 2 Level flight 3 3 3 Landing 3 3 4 Golden rules 3 4 Quick descent methods 3 4 1 Big ears 3 4 2 Spiral dive 3 4 3 B stall 3 5 Acro Flying 3 5 1 Wing over 3 6 Extreme manoeuvrese 3 6 1 One sided collapse 3 6 2 Frontal collapse 3 6 3 Full stall and negative spin 3 6 4 Parachutal stall 3 6 5 Line over and cravatte 3 6 6 Emergency steering 4 GE 26 4 1 Storage 4 2 Cleaning 4 3 Repair 4 4 Deterioration a few tips eT E 28 Warranty rua uxo Ro V vavE ebur 29 What have you 1112222 31 TADES tT 33 36 Please read this manual before your first flight 1 INTRODUCTION CONGRATULATIONS We are pleased to welcome you among the growing number of Dudek Paragliders pilots You2. A spiral is characterised by highest sink rates possible Significant G forces however make it difficult to sustain a spiral dive for long as it can place high loads on both pilot and glider Never do this manoeuvre in turbulence or at too high bank angles Control the dive and do not exceed 16 m s sink If the dive is not stopping after releasing the brake assist the glider with the outer one NEVER DO BIG EARS IN A SPIRAL In this manoeuvre smaller number of lines is carrying an excessive load mulitplied by the centrifugal force what can lead to damage of the lines or even the paraglider itself load of a single line can be much higher than passed in certification trials i e 8 G 3 4 3 B STALL To enter a B stall simultaneously pull down both B risers red tape by 10 15 cm The wing will collapse across the entire span along its B row the airflow over top surface will break and canopy surface will be decreased Forward movement will be almost completely stopped Further pulling B risers is not advised as it increases wing instability If the canopy forms a horseshoe with both wingtips in front of the pilot gently apply both brakes to recover To exit a B stall the risers should be released in a smooth and decisive manner On quick and symmetrical releasing B lines the airflow will reinstate and the wing will surge forward returning to normal flight In contrast to standard paragliders in case of Synthesis Cabrio th
3. strength 280 daN colour red diameter 1 5 mm strength 190 colour violet diameter 1 3 mm strength 140 daN colour green diameter 1 2 mm strength 90 daN colour blue colours are subject to slight changes The Risers Synthesis Cabrio is equipped with four way risers featuring ELR Easy Launch Riser system This is an specially marked A riser gold ribbon with additional point for clipping in lines or straps assisting the inflation process trimmers made of red band with visible scale designed for quick and easy replacement in case of deterioration two levels of pulleys to be used depending on the hangpoint Tip Steering Toggle system For quick and easy recognition some of the risers are distinguished with coloured band as follows A gold used for launching A blue used for big ears B red used for B stall D grey needed to keep the glider down in strong winds or interrupting the launch Main A row suspension lines connect to an A gold and A blue risers B row and stabiliser lines go to B risers red C lines go to C risers no distinction band and D lines to D risers grey which through pulleys keep the steering lines too Brake handles are attached to the steering lines at optimal places guaranteeing safe and effective operation On the main brake lines there are two points marked higher and lower to be used depending on the harness hangpoint On adjusting
4. 9210 9185 9160 9055 9140 9065 9055 8925 8995 9035 9030 8880 8935 8710 8745 8780 8840 cosy C 9 RISERS DESIGN AND ACCESSORIES Figure 1 Hangpoint setting A high B low Synthesis Cabrio 42 D C B A A TST line A u steering line al higher pulley for the low hangpoints Easy Keeper magnets lower pulley for the high hangpoints 3p launch assist brake hande ____ system with DCT system attachment point trim buckle trim setting scale replaceable trimmer band miniature TST steering toggle carabiner trim closing grip 27 Figure 2 Hangpoint setting high B low Synthesis Cabrio 46 A steering line TST line higher pulley for the low hangpoints Easy Keeper magnets lower pulley for the high hangpoints brake handle with DCT system trim buckle launch assist system attachment point replaceable trimmer band Nf miniature TST steering toggle carabiner 4 trim closing grip Cn Figure 3 Trimmers influence on the wing profile Synthesis Cabrio 42 Trimmers closed Minimal speed and minimal sink nee y neutral configuration all risers length 380 mm Trimmers fully opened Maximum speed icc neutral configuration risers length A A B 380 mm lengthening mm 220 110 D C B A A A Figure 4 Trimmers influence on the wing profile Synthesis Cabrio 46 Tri
5. a start queue is to use quick pack after rigging up Always dry the glider thoroughly before packing or storage While drying never expose your paraglider to direct sunlight To avoid excessive paraglider fabric wear do not pack it too tightly Please note that with frequent playing on a field or a small hill your paraglider will deteriorate faster due to its repeated rising falling and being dragged around CLEANING Clean the paraglider with water and a soft sponge Do not use any chemicals or alcohol as these can permanently damage the fabric REPAIRS Repairs should only be carried out by the manufacturer authorised distributor or authorised workshop It is acceptable to fix minor cloth damage with the self adhesive patches included in the package DETERIORATION A FEW TIPS A paraglider is basically made of nylon fabric which like any other synthetic material deteriorates through excessive exposure to UV rays that come with the sunlight Hence it is recommended to reduce UV exposure to a minimum by keeping the paraglider packed away when not in use Even when packed in a bag it should not remain in the sun for long Synthesis Cabrio s suspension lines consist of Technora inner core and polyester sheath Submitting them to excessive loads in flight should be avoided as it can cause irreversible damage Frequent bending is not desirable too Keep the paraglider clean since getting dust in the lines and fabric w
6. row near the canopy FC fourth level of steering lines near the canopy CAUTION Distances given below are to be understood as distances between connection points When cutting a line for repair 20 cm extra must be added as at each end a 10 cm stitch is required to fix the loop The only exception is the main steering line EP1 which is looped only at the upper end while there is 20 cm left on the lower end for fastening brake handle this means 30 cm extra is needed Rigging scheme Synthesis Cabrio 42 835 1645 6755 830 1630 6700 835 3120 5315 845 2780 5875 675 2165 1620 1345 1540 4215 4400 515 17760 785 1630 6740 785 1620 6690 790 3045 5360 790 2675 5855 665 1385 1080 1030 3455 545 7615 790 1625 6755 780 1610 6735 815 3085 5780 830 2715 6100 2110 1375 1470 2745 495 245 815 1600 5580 810 1595 5715 805 3005 820 2690 1250 1045 550 815 1565 810 1535 790 2940 800 2590 1320 915 770 1545 765 1530 815 2985 835 2625 1075 1160 780 2645 770 2495 810 2475 825 2255 1320 805 2460 800 2335 770 2310 775 2055 1235 795 2380 785 2300 790 2285 810 2015 2100 755 750 785 795 1870 755 740 755 775 1730 770 760 770 795 1265 760 735 750 770 1110 700 680 685 695 755 720 720 745 700 670 665 680 600 570 575 515 Synthesis Cabrio 42 9240 11500 9190 2255 860 11235 9180 9105 9185
7. start gliding as on a conventional paraglider It reduces chances of damaging the propeller on landing but on the other hand there is only one attempt possible so it has to be done right With or without power Synthesis Cabrio better copes with turbulence on open trimmers So if the conditions are rough it is better to make an approach with greater speed plan a lot of space as for a hangglider and wear that speed off before touching down Synthesis Cabrio preserves the energy well so there is a long float necessary to exchange the abundant speed for lift If the landing field is not big enough and you have to land on the spot we advise you to close the trimmers It will increase lift coefficient of the wing simultaneously decreasing its sink rate and speed Such action is especially important when flying with high surface loading Landing with power on Make a flat approach with the engine idling then level out and lose the speed before final flare Immediately after touchdown switch off the engine The main advantage of this procedure is of course possibility of a go around in case of any misjudgement Still if you forget to switch off the ignition before the wing falls down there is considerable risk of damaging propeller catching lines with it or even suffering injuries connected with falling with your engine still running Remember e Whenever possible get to know the landing field before taking off e Check the wind dir
8. the steering lines see chapter 3 1 Our newest brake handle used in Synthesis Cabrio besides its robust yet light design features Double Comfort Toggle system EK Easy Keeper system look below FLIGHT OPERATION 3 1 STEERING LINES AND LAUNCH ASSIST ADJUSTMENT A brand new Synthesis Cabrio has its steering lines positioned for powered flight in high hangpoint configuration Risers of the Synthesis Cabrio are shorter than in most paragliders so the differences in hangpoints present somewhat smaller problem Still there are two sets of pulleys prepared higher and lower see risers scheme On the main steering lines there are spots marked for brake handles to be accordingly fixed for high hangpoint configuration as this will be used most often When flying with lower hangpoints brake lines are to be run through the higher pulleys only and the brake handles should be adjusted for personal comfort shortening lines some General rule is simple higher hangpoints require longer brake lines lower hangpoints require shorter lines Before you take your Synthesis Cabrio in tha air we strongly advise to try out everything first Hang up the entire PPG unit with ropes sit in the harness and have someone pull up the risers You must make sure that in flight you will always be able to reach the brake handles even if the airflow blows them away While being suspended in this way you have a perfect opportunity to adjus
9. ve become a proud owner of state of the art Synthesis Cabrio paraglider Intensive development application of the most modern methods and thorough testing make the Synthesis Cabrio a user friendly paraglider offering the pilot a lot of fun combined with great performance We wish you many enjoyable and safe flying hours DISCLAIMER Please read this Manual carefully and note following details The purpose of this Manual is to offer guidelines to the pilot using Dudek Synthesis Cabrio wing and it is by no means intended to be used as a training manual for this or any other paraglider in general You may only fly a paraglider when qualified to do so or when undergoing training at an accredited School or with an Instructor Pilots are personally responsible for their own safety and their paraglider s airworthiness The use of this paraglider is solely at the user s own risk The manufacturer and distributor do not accept any liability connected with this activity This paraglider on delivery meets all requirements of the EN 926 1 and 926 2 regulations Any alterations to the paraglider will render its certification invalid NOTICE Due to the constant development process Dudek Paragliders warns that the actual paraglider may differ slightly from the manual cosy 229 2 THE WING WHO SHOULD FLY Synthesis Cabrio You love paramotoring but since you are not fond of running at launch and landing you are using a trike T
10. 9395 9560 11020 9205 9135 9175 9385 9620 10895 9185 9115 9200 9405 10645 9140 9070 9225 9440 10400 9125 9060 9185 9385 10220 9150 9090 9145 9335 10135 9120 9060 9100 9270 10160 9080 9025 9095 9255 9930 9060 9010 9110 9270 9790 9075 9030 9125 9290 9570 8990 8950 9015 9140 9415 8930 8895 8950 9065 8800 8775 8820 8915 8745 8725 8765 8850 8630 8620 8645 8700 8600 8595 8600 8645 8295 8325 8370 8425 Synthesis Cabrio 46 1720 7090 875 3270 5425 885 2910 6020 705 2270 1695 1405 1610 4410 4450 1705 7075 825 3190 5480 825 2800 6000 695 1455 1135 1080 3615 E 1700 7095 an 1685 7070 850 3225 5925 870 2840 6265 2205 1440 1540 2875 855 1680 5870 845 1670 6010 845 3145 860 2815 1310 1095 850 1640 845 1610 825 3080 840 2715 1385 960 810 1620 805 1605 855 3125 870 2750 1125 1215 815 2770 805 2610 850 2590 865 2355 1380 845 2575 840 2445 810 2420 810 2150 1290 835 2495 825 2410 825 2395 845 2115 2200 790 785 820 835 1960 790 770 790 810 1810 810 795 805 830 1330 795 770 785 810 1165 730 710 720 730 790 755 755 780 735 700 700 710 695 59 Es os Synthesis Cabrio 46 11875 5560 T op 11605 9625 9545 9475 9705 9880 11380 9655 9575 9470 9695 9935 11250 9630 9560 9485 9715 10990 9590 9520 9515 9745 10730 9575 9505 9485 9695 10540 9605 9540 9445 9640 10450 9575 9510 9395 9575 10485 9530 9470 9390 9565 10245 9510 9450 9405 9575 10095 9530 9475 9420 9595 9870 9440 9395 9310 9445 9705 9375 9335 9245 9365 9240 9215 9110
11. The risers are to be laid on the ground Set the trimmers at 0 see fig 2 In strong conditions faster settings can be advised Make sure that you warm up the engine while standing windward of the wing Stop the engine before clipping in the risers Now have a quick check whether the helmet is on and locked e risers are clipped in the carabiners the trimmers are set e nothing will get in propeller s way steering lines and handles are free and not twisted engine is delivering full power e airspace is clear for take off When you are sure everything is OK you can clip in the wing and execute launch as described in paragraph 3 2 1 a From now on you should steer the paraglider facing forward without looking back over your shoulder when the wing is low behind you turning can cause some lines to get in the propeller Also possible stumbling and fall on your back with turning propeller is always dangerous and costly so this should be avoided at any price even that of some damaged lines During launch when you feel that the strain on both risers is equal open up full power and lean back to counter the engine thrust so that it can will you forward rather than towards the ground The best option is not to use the brakes allowing the paraglider to rise as it was laid out If it starts to stray from its course just pull the opposite riser and run under the centre of the wing while preserving starting direct
12. al number with the sticker on the wing tip User Manual you are reading o Small gifts MotoBag MotoBag is a dedicated solid backpack for PPG wings made of proven Cordura fabric Simultaneously it doubles as a quickpack if necessary Beside comfortable shoulder straps to hold it traditionally on your back it has side handles too so that you can carry it like a suit case when needed After turning it inside out it becomes a quickpack that will shelter your unfolded wing when you are in a hurry SUMMARY If you respect the rules of safe flying and proper glider care you will enjoy many years of pleasant airtime on Synthesis Cabrio Still you must be aware of possible dangers and face them wisely You must accept the fact that all air sports are potentially dangerous and your actual safety depends solely on you We insist that you fly safely and this concerns both the weather choice and safety margin during all manoeuvres FLYING THE PARAGLIDER IS ALWAYS YOUR OWN RESPONSIBILITY SEE YOU IN THE AIR 8 RIGGING TABLES ATI BTI Lengths are measured with a specialised computer operated device All lines are stretched with a 5 kg load before cutting Thanks to the abovementioned device and proper procedures final tolerance of line lengths does not exceed 0 15 xP main suspension line of x row xD secondary line of x row xT third level of x
13. ally and paradoxically from traditional point of view the faster you fly the safer is your flight Most of tandem and practically all trike launches are executed as alpine forward launches due to considerable inertia of pilot passenger combination Reverse launches are being done only when it is really impossible to take off the classic way A reverse launch with a trike is hardly possible at all 3 2 1 TAKE OFF In case of forward launch we recommend that after laying out the wing all lines be taut without unnecessary play The Synthesis Cabrio is pulled up with A risers only The optimal trim setting is 0 i e fully closed Applying steady pressure on the A risers or engaging launch assist system move forward The wing practically does not overshoot so the front collapses that otherwise happen quite often at launch occur rarely with the Synthesis Cabrio Instead it kind of waits for you to catch up with it In case of reverse launch we recommend the trims to be set depending on wind speed the stronger the wind the more open position Due to lack of overshooting tendency take off is easy pilot only has to brake slightly beforer turning CAUTION During take off it is important to keep the risers under pressure until almost airborne Reflex profile used has an inherent tendency to increase the angle of attack In effect Synthesis Cabrio can lag behind the pilot when not pulled up appropriately 3 2 2 FLIGHT The enla
14. are used With proper settings and good engine pulling A risers may be not necessary canopy rises on its own a welcomed feature for trike use In addition it is possible to clip into A risers special lines shortening them during trike launch A tremendous advantage of the cabrio is its wide speed range on trims It is of special importance for tandem and trike pilots as they have no way to employ standard speed system But in reality everybody should be delighted with maximum speed offering joy when overtaking others and broadening your operational envelope Additional TST system makes easy steering at high speeds Incorporation of our novel Dudek Reflex Airfoil and corresponding rigging result in domfortable flight even in rough conditions due to great margin of passive safety We feel safe to declare the Synthesis Cabrio to be the best wing available in its class The fundamental feature a good PPG and PPGG wing should possess is its great stability and tuck resistance When this is achieved the user does not have to concentrate all the time on steering thus saving energy for other purposes like navigation taking pictures or simply enjoying the flight In addition the faster and safer your paraglider is the more often you can fly While the Synthesis Cabrio was designed to retain all features of a conventional paralider application of a reflex aerofoil section added several new qualities First of all using that profile means th
15. at the wing stability does not depend exclusively on the pilot s weight and actions anymore It maintains its own pitch attitude rising and sinking through thermals while remaining stable above your head without need for so much pilot input Generally speaking the reflex profile is a special kind of aerofoil section Specific static pressure distribution creates a situation where at low attack angles only the wing fore part some 60 of the chord is producing lift while rear 4096 of the chord creates an effective stabiliser against excessive decrease of the attack angle The trimmer system allows you to considerably raise the airfoil s rear part thus effectively reducing projected chord and surface area by some 30 giving the paraglider a higher wing loading and increased speed without change in the angle of attack The centre of pressure also moves forward adding enhanced pitch stability Such a shift of loading gives the wing exceptional tuck resistance and increases its projected aspect ratio resulting in much better flight data especially at full speed Should you require more lift at lower speeds the rear section can be pulled down to restore a full airfoil effective along the whole chord Piloting the Synthesis Cabrio actually reminds flying a conventional powered aircraft more than a paraglider Below we will try to give you a closer look at some of the remarkable Synthesis Cabrio features 2 22 CONSTRUCTION Synthesis Cabr
16. ce area projected m Span flat m Span projected m Aspect Ratio flat Aspect Ratio projected Sink rate m s Speed km h Distance pilot to wing cm Total line lenght m Weight range kg Lines 28 6 WARRANTY AND AEROCASCO Purchase of a new paraglider is a serious expense for any pilot That is why we cover our paragliders with extensive warranties and additionally offer an AeroCasco insurance against damage and repair costs WARRANTY Dudek Paragliders guarantees free of charge repairs caused by the material or production faults along following scheme For the free flying paragliders warranty covers 36 months 3 years or 300 flight hours depending on what comes first If the paraglider is used for powered flights every hour spent in the air should be counted as two does not apply to dedicated PPG canopies For the PPG paragliders warranty covers 24 months 2 years 200 flight hours depending on what comes first For the mountaineering MPG and speedflying wings as well as school and profit users warranty covers 18 months 1 5 year 150 flight hours depending on what comes first WARRANTY DOES NOT COVER 000 canopy colour fading damage caused by chemicals or salt water damage caused by incorrect use damage caused by emergency situations damage resulting from accidents airborne or not WARRANTY IS ONLY VALID IF flight hours are correctly registered in t
17. dirt from inside the wing Careful selection of modern fabrics and design solutions brings about great strength and durability of the Synthesis Cabrio All materials come from numbered production batches and each production step can be verified down to identification of specific worker and controller Fabric Each kind of fabric has its unique features and characteristics We composed them so that their interplay creates a perfect blend The Synthesis Cabrio s upper surface is made of Porcher Skytex 45 Evolution fabric formerly named Aquatic perfectly proven in our earlier wings Basically it s a nylon material covered with superb E85A impregnate introduced into mass production in January 2002 after a series of extensive laboratory and real flying tests Such covered fabric is not very stiff and what s most important has increased tear stretch and UV resistance It is not siliconed so minor repairs can be easily made with self adhesive strips The lower surface is made of Skytex 40 Classic with E38A impregnate This fabric has a great weight resistance ratio and is one of the greatest Porcher successes in providing proper materials for the paragliding industry The ribs must be as rigid and stretch resistant as possible We found these qualities in Skytex 40 Hard with E29A impregnate All reinforcements made of SR Scrim RIGGING SYSTEM All of the Synthesis Cabrio suspension lines are sheathed in a coloured polyester lay
18. e careful when flying at low speeds until fully familiar with brake operation When landing with trims set fast above O position your bigger speed may require proportionately more space Note that the paraglider has a lot of kinetic energy and careless application of brakes may even cause the wing to climb Despite apparent ease of steering and most pilots quickly gaining enough trust to fly the wing in stronger conditions than usual it is always advised to be careful when flying at low altitudes Remember that Synthesis Cabrio can fly faster than classic paragliders and sometimes it can be of importance e g when landing on a slope After landing in strong wind the paraglider can be safely put down with a strong pull on the rear D risers 3 2 4 WINCHING Synthesis Cabrio is not designed for winching As mentioned before reflex profile used in the wing has an inherent tendency to increase the angle of attack While in normal flight such a disposition makes it safer during winch start it can be dangerous Nevertheless a lot of successful winches on Synthesis Cabrio have been made Experience shows that it should only be done with trims set a couple of centimeters above 0 point Actual setting depends a lot on given take off weight To sum it up winching can be done but proper attention must be paid Cn 3 3 POWERED FLIGHT CAUTION Before each start it is necessary to have a thorough check of the wing harne
19. ection before planning the approach e Landing with power off requires much less space e Incase of any doubt practice the landing until you feel totally safe 3 3 4 GOLDEN RULES Never place the power unit downwind of the paraglider Check double check and then check once again if there is no fuel leakage Do you have enough fuel for the flight It is always better to have too much than too little Check if there is nothing loose in the harness that could possibly contact the propeller in flight Whenever you encounter a problem fix it AT ONCE however small Always put on and lock the helmet before getting in the harness Before each launch run a full pre flight inspection After landing control the wing facing the direction of flight as on turning you always risk getting lines in the propeller Turn only if there is danger of falling on your back Do not ask for trouble do not fly over water between trees or power lines and other places where engine failure will leave you helpless Remember turbulence caused by other gliders or even yourself especially when flying low It is not reasonable to let go of the brakes below 100 meters because a possible power unit malfunction may require immediate attention In general never trust your engine as it can stop at any moment Always fly as if that s exactly what it s going to do Unless it is not absolutely necessary e g collision avoidance do not execute tight
20. er covering brownish Technora core Relatively low number of lines required such composition featuring high strength and stretch resistance The rigging system consists of individual lines looped and stitched at each end The upper level lines gallery start at the attachment points Each two lines connect to one middle layer line and those in turn connect by twos and threes to main suspension lines which are attached to the risers with triangular quick links maillons To prevent their slipping off the lines are kept together with a rubber O ring All the maillons are made of corrosion resistant polished stainless steel ensuring excellent strength and durability Stabilo lines run from wingtips to the maillons using cascade principle as well Same scheme applies to brake lines They run from the trailing edge through consecutive cascades to main steering lines which are lead through pulleys connected to rear risers and then fixed to the brake handles Steering lines Cn do not carry any load Some of the steering lines of the FC group are additionally led through rings sewn into the trailing edge Because of this feature the trailing edge is shortened on application of the brake so that steering becomes lighter and more effective the lines are distinguished with colours depending on their strength and diameter as follows diameter 2 3 mm strength 420 daN colour celadon willow green diameter 1 8 mm
21. ere is no need to counter this surge with brakes yet another feature of the reflex profile CAUTION see Parachutal Stall All rapid descent techniques should be practised in smooth air and only with sufficient height margin Due to Synthesis Cabrio size and significant take off weight many of the manoeuvres described above will be practically impossible BY FAR THE BEST TECHNIQUE IS SAFE AND SANE FLYING SO THAT YOU WILL NEVER NEED TO DESCEND RAPIDLY 3 5 ACRO FLYING Synthesis Cabrio was not designed to do any aerobatics 3 5 1 WING OVER You make a wingover by performing a series of consecutive alternating turns with growing bank angle Too much banking connected with some flaws in co ordination and execution can evoke pretty dynamic collapse CAUTION Steep turn with bank angle over 60 degrees is a prohibited aerobatic manoeuvre 3 6 EXTREME FLYING MANOEUVRES CAUTION EXTREME FLYING MANOEUVRES SHOULD ONLY BE CARRIED OUT DURING SAFETY TRAINING COURSE INSTABILITY TRAINING UNDER PROPER GUIDANCE WHILE PROVOKING OR EXITING REAL SITUATIONS THERE ISA DANGER THAT YOUR ACTIONS WILL PROVE TOO QUICK OR TOO STRONG SO YOU SHOULD ALWAYS EMPLOY GOOD JUDGMENT STAY CALM AND TAKE MEASURED ACTIONS Cn Since all actions required to exit or prevent dangerous situations on Synthesis Cabrio are typical and pilots flying this wing should already have proper experience we are going to describe only the characteristic featu
22. erhead and instead of pushing the A risers usually a launch assist system is used After all preparations and checks with the risers properly clipped in you can start the engine If a launch assist system is used there is just a steering handle in one hand with the other hand grabbing the other brake handle and throttle Depending on power output of your motor initially open the throttle only enough to fill up the canopy and get it above the propeller downwash When the trailing edge gets some three meters above ground and both risers are equally loaded open the throttle fully Preferably you should not be using the brakes during launch at all and let the canopy rise as it was laid out If you see it it getting off course give a delicate counter brake and steer your trike under canopy root center while maintaining general take off direction steady as possible If the wing drops too far to the side or behind you to get it up again switch off the engine abort launch and re evaluate conditions As the canopy rises its resistance grows lighter and it should stabilise above your head without overshooting Too hasty corrections of launch direction can result in sidewise oscillations still if they are not too deep you can keep full power in order to get off the gound as soon as possible After lift off canopy will stabilize itself overhead and throttle can be eased off a bit to get desired climb speed Reverse launch in strong wind Re
23. he logbook of the owner and possible earlier owners distinctly marking PPG flights the paraglider is handled in accordance with the operating manual the purchaser has not carried out any repair by him herself excl minor repairs with self adhesive patches carried out any modifications the paraglider can be unmistakably identified the paraglider was being inspected according to prescribed timetable If you have ought your paraglider second hand ask its previous owner of the paraglider for a logbooks copy total of flying hours since the date of first purchase AEROCASCO Normal warranty does not cover repairs of damages caused by the user or a third party As costs of such repairs can be considerable Dudek Paragliders offer an AeroCasco insurance It covers a one off repair of any mechanical damage no matter how big and whoever inflicted them The only expenses the purchaser has to pay are shipping costs and so called share of cost amount AF AeroCasco can be purchased only for a brand new paraglider at the paraglider purchase Its cost is 50 euro NOTE AeroCasco is not available for all paragliders check this before purchase It can be obtained for privately used wings only AeroCasco applies only to damages that took place during take off flight or landing Obviously all faults in the material and manufacturing flaws are covered by normal warranty When handing the paraglider for
24. his way are slightly wider but needed steering force will be smaller and airspeed will not decrease With slow trimmer settings there is an improvement in sink and steering forces diminish so exploring the thermals becomes possible Worth noting is Synthesis Cabrio s impressive speed range maximum speed is almost three times greater than stall speed Study drawings that show trimmers setting and their influence on the wing shape Independent of the current wing configuration and speed turns can be much tightened and more effective with differential brake operation Slight use of the outer brake with considerable amount of the inner one will diminish the loss of lift during turn Turns can be much improved by additional use of throttle as well Once with growing experience you will master these techniques you will be able to execute fully coordinated and effective turns that will bring to mind the aeroplane handling Remember o Trimmer setting is yet another part of the pre start check list If it will be asymmetric wing will be turning all the time And if you will Cn inadvertently free them reflex profile of the Synthesis Cabrio will keep the wing level so after opening the throttle you ll start to descend with increased speed instead of climbing 3 3 3 LANDING In PPG flying there are two kinds of landing with and without power Power off landing At an altitude of 50 metres switch the engine off and
25. ill reduce their durability Be careful to keep snow sand or stones from entering the cell openings their weight can slow or even stall the glider and sharp edges can damage the cloth Prevent lines from catching anything as they can overstretch or tear Do not step on the lines Uncontrolled strong wind launches and landings can result in the leading edge of the canopy hitting the ground hard which may seriously damage the ribs sewing and surface material Knots can chafe suspension and or brake lines Check line lengths after tree or water landings as they can stretch or shrink A line plan is included in this manual or may be obtained from the dealer when needed After landing in water you should check the wing fabric as well since the wave forces can cause the fabric to distort in some areas When taking the wing out of the water always do it by trailing edge so that water can flow out freely After a sea landing rinse the paraglider with fresh water Since salt crystals can weaken the suspension lines even after rinsing in fresh water you should replace the lines with new ones immediately after contact with salt water Every second year Synthesis Cabrio should undergo technical inspection by the manufacturer or authorised distributor 5 TECHNICAL DATA A N A o Synthesis Cabrio Certification Number of cells Surface area flat m7 Surfa
26. ime and again you want to share your hoy with a passenger but then avoiding heavy paraplanes you prefer a foot launched tandem configuration You ve tried flying trike and tandem on many wings some were too hard to launch some flew too slow or were too big You did not feel safe in turbulence That s why you need a wing that is both agile and easy to control with easy launch and pleasant handling equipped with a set of trimmers allowing it a wide speed range It has to be comfortable and as safe as possible at all speeds in any conditions Synthesis Cabrio fulfills all these dreams Its design is a synthesis of all desired PPG features Synthesis Cabrio is designed for trike and tandme flying yet different use calls for different weight ranges trike flying is safe in the entire weight range tandem flying foot launched is recommended in the lower half of weight range Such limitation is caused by relatively high take off speed under heavy load making launch in no wind a hard task A trike will take off all right at max load yet two heavy persons will probably fail Of course there should be no problem with foot launch when some wind is blowing 2 1 DESIGN While designing Synthesis Cabrio we put a lot of effort into flight safety pleasant handling simple usage good performance and wide speed range Distinguishing feature of Synthesis Cabrio is its agility Take off is easy provided that right technique and trimmer setting
27. io is basically a Synthesis yet a Synthesis that was redesigned enlarged and adjusted to special needs Retaining the same planform it has four cells more strenghthened structure and enhanced rigging Additional V shaped mylar reinforcements contribute to exceptional durability and perfect aerofoil reproduction Cn The entire Synthesis Cabrio 3D body was designed in our CSG Canopy Shape Guard system comprising many elements resulting in exceptional coherence and stability of the shape Below you will find a short description of CSG subsystems Synthesis Cabrio has an elliptical planform with slightly rearward swept tips Every second cell is divided in two with ribs additionally supported by diagonal VSS V shaped supports system Such arrangement ensures a smooth top surface exact aerofoil reproduction across the entire wingspan and yet more importantly minimal number of suspension points The lower surface has a RSS Reinforcing Strap System applied in the wing s interior RSS is a ballooning independent reinforcements system made entirely of paragliding fabric effectively stiffening and stabilizing the canopy Synthesis Cabrio s aerofoil is another product of our Dudek Reflex Airfoil technology DRA It was designed with our previous experiences in mind and thoroughly tested with numerical methods It is a reflex profile with all its typical features described above The suspension point areas are additiona
28. ion If the wind suddenly weakens give a stronger pull on the risers If the paraglider drops to one side or back too far to be lifted again kill the engine interrupt launch and check the conditions once again As the wing comes up its resistance grows lighter and it should stabilise above your head without overshooting This is the best moment to check if it is inflated well and the lines are not tangled but you should do it without stopping nor turning If you feel the forces on the risers decrease run faster and let go of the risers See whether there is any opposition on the brakes and if necessary use them to correct direction or to increase lift at take off Remember o Ifthe cage of your power unit is not stiff enough the risers strained during launch can deform it to the extent of collision with the propeller Before giving it full power check that the cage is free of any lines e Any brake operation or steering input in general should be smooth and gentle e Donottry to take off until you have your wing overhead Hitting power before that can cause dangerous oscillations Do not sit in the harness until you are sure you are flying The faster the trim setting the more brake input is required for lift off The lower the hangpoints of your power unit the easier is the launch Cn Foraward launch with trike Basic difference of the trike launch is that you are using your power unit to get the wing ov
29. ively o before big ears execution ease off the trimmers a couple of centimeters This will increase both the sink rate and safety margin as big ears constitute an aerodynamic brake with significant loss of speed Nevertheless if such a parachutal stall happens e g due to strong turbulence release the trimmers or push the A risers forward 3 6 5 LINE OVER and CRAVATTE It is always possible that after collapse a stabiliser may tangle in the lines Usually a couple of pulls with a brake settles the matter If it s not enough try to untangle it with big ears or stronger pull on the risers In case of any doubts you should always consider throwing a rescue chute It is there as a normal equipment part not just an ornament 3 6 6 STEERING IN EXTREME SITUATIONS In case of any malfunction rendering normal brake operation impossible you can safely steer and land Synthesis Cabrio using D risers grey marking or stabilo lines For the heading control there is TST present C Sm 4 CANOPY CARE Looking after your paraglider will prolong the life of your Synthesis Cabrio STORAGE Store the paraglider in a dry place away from chemicals and UV exposure Never pack or store the glider when wet as it significantly shortens life of the fabric Remember that the wing becomes damp even while lying on green grass in full sunlight as the grass transpires A good precaution to avoid dampness and or UV when you have to wait in
30. les present it is by far safer and more impressive for the spectators to fly level for a while after take off and gain some speed before converting it to height with a brief pull on the brakes Another reason not to try climbing too steeply is the risk connected with engine failure at low altitude Although Synthesis Cabrio in a steep climb does not stay back so much as conventional paragliders do low speed can easily lead to a stall Besides you should always be able to land safely in case of engine malfunction so it s better not to take unnecessary chances and fly with a safe margin of speed Depending on the power unit geometry it is possible that after take off you will notice a propeller torque turning moment It will try to turn you around Cn SO be prepared for counter steering with a brake If it happens during steep climb on slow trim and full power beware of the stall possibility Due to typical PPG and PPGG feature considerable vertical distance between thrust axis and wing chord the range of safe power operation is closely related to your skills and equipment Power unit induced oscillations Certain configurations of engine weight output propeller diameter and height amp width of hang points can cause serious oscillations during which pilot is lifted to one side by the torque effect swings down due to his weight then is lifted again and so on To avoid this you can e change the throttle se
31. lly reinforced with laminated fabric so that loads are equally distributed on three planes vertically with the ribs diagonally with VSS system and level through RSS All crossports have been prepared using OCD Optimised Crossports Design technology Carefully designed shapes of the openings and their optimal placement between stress lines guarantee efficient pressure distribution in the canopy and its quick inflation These openings are scaled together with the ribs so their replicability remains perfect and they do not disturb the aerofoil in any way The leading edge of Synthesis Cabrio is closed to airflow and its precise shape is supported by reinforcements of laminated fabric Cell openings are positioned on the undersurface in the vicinity of leading edge Their position was chosen very carefully so that they got maximum ram effect in possibly many flight situations In several places the leading edge features our CCS Closed Cell Structure system this is a number of closed cells in most important locations It s goal is to hinder the backflow from the cells out and thus to facilitate their refilling and canopy recovery in case of a collapse Each wingtip consists of four additional cells creating stabilizers They maintain correct tension of the canopy improve directional stability and play important role in keeping your turns efficient and even In the very tips there are CS cleaning slots placed there for easy removal of
32. mmers closed Trimmers fully opened Minimal speed and Maximum speed minimal sink neutral configuration risers length neutral configuration risers length A B 380 mm A A B 380 mm C D 530 mm lengthening mm 210 105 B D C Y lt 4 Cell openings Trailing edge Main suspension lines Steering line _ _ _ gt Stabilizer Risers A 7 5 NY a x P iN DUDEK paragiiders Dudek Paragliders ul Centralna 2U 86 031 Osielsko Poland tel 48 52 324 17 40 export dudek eu www dudek eu made europe 6002 S0 80 A
33. ns you will not have to brake it especially if the trimmers are set for fast flight Perhaps it does not agree with our experience but this is the way the reflex profile works When the trimmers are opened set above 0 the Synthesis Cabrio profile stabilises the wing and does not allow it to surge forward It can even stay back a little in such case pull the brakes a little and the glider will come forward Once you have it overhead turn around open the throttle and take off As with the classic launch in this case too you have to find such combination of trimmers brakes and throttle settings that will give you the best speed and climb rate CAUTION You are launching with your hands crossed You have to really master this technique before trying it with a running engine on your back When clipping in the crossed risers you can find proper connection of the speed system particularly hard Be careful not to confuse the risers Climbing Once you took off safely continue heading against the wind using brakes to correct rate of climb Do not try to climb too steeply attempts to increase climb rate by pulling the brakes will have an adverse effect due to the additional drag actual rate of climb will worsen and with the throttle fully opened even a stall can happen In powered flight the Synthesis Cabrio behaves more like an aeroplane than a paraglider and it is good idea to think about it in this way If there are no obstac
34. res of this paraglider Description of standard methods dealing with extreme situations can be found in textbooks 3 6 1 ASYMMETRICAL COLLAPSE Even when the trimmers are fully opened collapses practically do not occur and can be induced only by a very strong turbulence Still if it happens a little counter steering is enough to keep the Synthesis Cabrio on course In normal conditions with collapses up to 50 of the wingspan paraglider will reinflate instantly and spontaneously 3 6 2 FRONTAL COLLAPSE The reflex profile of Synthesis Cabrio makes it practically impossible especially at higher speeds During tests we succeeded in creating this situation only with fully closed trimmers and special technique Unskillful execution can bring very deep collapses so recovering will require pilot action short and equal application of both brakes 3 6 3 FULL STALL AND NEGATIVE SPIN Practically do not occur may happen only as a result of serious neglect or intentional action of the pilot You have to be careful when flying at low speeds until fully familiar with brake operation Wing recovers spontaneously in initial phase of stall otherwise use standard procedures 3 6 4 PARACHUTAL STALL Under normal conditions does not occur If you want to prevent it happen at all simply stick to a couple of rules after B stall release the risers quickly and evenly Don t be afraid Synthesis Cabrio does not e jump forward excess
35. rged speed range of Synthesis Cabrio may demand some attention Nevertheless once you have mastered these additional aspects flying will become pure pleasure Good handling will let you make the best use of thermals and increased speed on glides means that your presence in sinking air will be shorter To avoid stalls when braking at slow trims setting low values on the scale their movement is restricted by tape sewing Note it is possible to push the sewn tape through the buckle with both hands to replace it but normal operation range is restricted as said When the trims are fully opened high scale values the wing becomes faster and stiffer increasing its stability even more The brake forces increase too as well as the distance to the stall point The radius and bank angle in turns grow proportionately to the increasing brake forces If the trims are set fast or fully opened and the wing is not flown near ground a switch to TST steering is strongly advised see page 10 Turns executed in this way will be slightly wider but force needed to steer will be much smaller and what s even more important your airspeed will not be diminished by turning TST system can be used in all speed system amp trim configuration 3 2 3 LANDING With closed trimmers slow position Synthesis Cabrio lands like any other paraglider The brake forces initially low are growing proportionally giving ample warning before stalling Still you should b
36. ss and power unit trike In powered flight most of the wing characteristics remain as described above chapter 3 2 Still there is additional information needed concerning power output proper matching of the wing engine propeller trike etc Dudek Paragliders cannot take responsibility for all possible combinations but if you will contact us in doubt we are always ready to help First flights In order to get familiar with your wing we recommend flying with trimmers set slow because in this configuration Synthesis Cabrio behaves as a standard wing Flying like that try pulling the brakes until you feel resistance usually it will be at about 1 4 of the range Once you feel competent with your wing you can start experimenting with faster trim settings Learn to use all the additional speed and safety of the Synthesis Cabrio 3 3 1 TAKE OFF Classic foot launch Even when it seems that there is no wind at all it is rarely so Therefore always be careful in determining the conditions as in PPG flying it is most important that the launch and initial climb are performed with a head wind danger of losing your airspeed while crossing the wind gradient is greatly reduced Special attention must be paid to trees power lines and other obstacles including the possibility of emerging rotors Wing preparation Lay out the paraglider downwind of the power unit with all suspension lines taut and pointing toward center of the power unit
37. t the launch assist system too if present It should engage the A risers shortening them while the canopy remains behind the pilot During inflation its effect should gradually diminish and finally disappear completely as the canopy arrives overhead If you think the paraglider is rising up too rapidly lines or straps of assist system should be lengthened An additional way to check the whole configuration out is to visit take off site in steady winds Fill the wing and take it up over your head When it stabilises check that the brakes are loose and do not pull the trailing edge There should be a spare inch or so before they activate Remember that it is always safer to set the margin of play too big than too small And most important the setting must always be symmetrical Cn Double Comfort Toggle DCT DCT in order to satisfy different needs of our clients we have created a Double Comfort Toggle system With this solution it is possible to have your brake handles in stiff or soft configuration with no need to buy another set of toggles and replace them every time All you have to do now is take out the stiffening rod and there you are the soft handle is ready to use Easy Keeper EK Easy Keeper is the name of our new indigenous way to hold the brake handles at the risers The strong neodymium magnets keep them firmly in place while both attaching and releasing goes smoothly and easily This idea was de
38. the repair you have to present a card confirming its AeroCasco status After the repair you will have to cover only the share of cost value of 50 euro AeroCasco is valid for one repair only There is a possibility to extend AeroCasco for one more year To do this you have to send your paraglider for inspection not later than a year after the date of purchase Extension fee is 75 euro incl inspection Remember to attach the AeroCasco confirmation on expedition AeroCasco does not apply to any of the following theft colour fading damage caused by incorrect storage or transport damage caused by chemicals salt water and force majeure 7 WHAT HAVE YOU BOUGHT The Dudek paraglider that you bought should have the following items e paraglider itself canopy lines and risers e transport bag with compression strap e MotoBag specialised double funcion backpack e windsock pocket with paper work and repair wallet including piece of self adhesive fabric 10 cm x 37 5 for small repairs Note that even small tears located in the vicinity of stitches have to be repaired by an authorised service looped and stitched suspension line longer than the longest line used in the paraglider that is to be used as a temporary replacement Do not cut it if you have to replace a shorter line just tie it at the length needed paraglider passport with entered date of purchase and valid technical inspection please check the seri
39. tting and or e Slighty pull nort causing a turn and hold one brake to counteract the torque if there is one present and or o Shift yourself to the other side of the harness and or o change the trimmer setting Such oscillations usually occur at full power the greater the engine output and propeller diameter the bigger the swings In addition there are often too late or wrong pilot reactions increasing the trouble instead of solving it In any case the safest way to deal with this question is to reduce throttle and release the brakes Especially less experienced pilots tend to overreact It is called a pilot induced oscillation and proven solution in this case is to leave brakes alone 3 3 2 LEVEL FLIGHT Once you have gained safe height after take off and wish to go for a route you can turn onto right heading fully open trimmers and let off the brakes If the conditions are turbulent it can look foolhardy but this is the essential feature of the reflex profile the faster you fly the safer your Synthesis Cabrio is That s why you really can confidently release the brakes and enjoy your flight CAUTION Some pilots with previous free flying experience may have a well grounded habit of keeping the brakes slightly applied at all times Such a technique while quite reasonable on a free flying wings as it allows for quick pilot reactions and decreases sink is not advisable on reflex profile wings When you pull the brakes the S
40. turns against torque Especially when climbing you can easily enter a stall and consequent negative spin Do not fly at low altitude with a tail wind as it pretty much narrows your options Do not wait for the problem to grow any change of engine sound or a vibration can indicate some trouble or even serious trouble You ll never know until you land and check it out Be certain of your navigation Remember that not everyone is fond of your engine noise Do not scare the animals Cn 3 4 QUICK HEIGHT LOSS 3 4 1 BIG EARS In order to get the big ears you have to pull down the outer lines of the A risers usually distinguished with blue colour by about 50 cm While inducing big ears you should never never let the brakes out of your hands After tucking the tips in Synthesis Cabrio will continue to fly straight with increased sink rate up to 5 m s You can steer the wing pretty efficiently with weight shifting After releasing the lines the paraglider will usually open up on its own or you can assist it with a long stroke of the brakes until the tips fill again Executing big ears with open trimmers is very difficult due to reflex profile stabilisation CAUTION See the PARACHUTAL STALL chapter Never try to pull big ears during powered climb as the increased drag can lead to increase of the angle of attack and a parachutal stall Pulling the ears while climbing is pointless anyway 3 4 2 SPIRAL DIVE
41. veloped especially for the PPG dedicated paragliders for there is often a need to take your hands off the brakes to check or fix things With Easy keeper you can easily secure the brakes in flight thus minimizing danger of their contact with the propeller Tip Steering Toggles TST In order to facilitate steering the wing while at maximum speed configuration opened trimmers and full speed bar we ve invented our own novel system of controlling the stabilizers Prior to grabbing miniature TST handles Tip Steering Toggles pilot places the main steering handles in a special Toggle Docking Stations equipped with strong neodymium magnets In this way you can comfortably steer the wing via TST handles not worrying about the brakes getting tangled Launch assist system Additionally mounted straps shorten A risers during inflation left photo When the canopy is ready at 12 hrs position A risers go back to their original length assist system ceases to work right photo Cn 3 2 FREE FLIGHT no power unit Although the Synthesis Cabrio according to its design book is a fast PPG wing it behaves surprisingly well as a classic tandem paraglider too and can be used as such without any changes The essential difference between Synthesis Cabrio and classic paragliders means that due to its increased tuck resistance both during start and flight and greater speed range it can be safely flown in strong conditions Gener
42. verse launch is possible only as a foot launch or with ultralight one seat trikes It can be executed holding both A risers and one brake in one hand throttle and the second brake in the other hand With a decent wind it is by far the best way In weaker wind it is better to prepare a classic launch as running backwards with an engine on your back is not an easy thing to do It is reasonable not to pull the wing up until you are really determined to launch especially when it is clipped in Lay down the rolled paraglider with the trailing edge facing the wind Unfold the wing enough to find the risers and check that no lines are looped over the leading edge Stretch the risers against the wind separating left and right one We suggest that you lay the risers crossed in the same way you will be turning during a reverse launch placing one riser over the other with the rear risers upmost It should be done this way because once you clip in the cage of your power unit will make turning without help impossible Now run the pre launch checklist After warming up the engine put power unit on turn to face the wing go to the risers and clip them in appropriate carabiners Pulling on the front and rear risers open the cells It is a good idea to pull up the wing briefly in order to check that the lines are not tangled Holding risers brakes and throttle as described above pull the front risers and raise canopy over your head On most occasio
43. ynthesis Cabrio profile actually loses its self stabilizing character If you happen to have a variometer altimeter aboard watch it In level flight it is very easy to start climbing unintentionally The instruments will help you optimise speed and fuel economy Of course the economy of each flight will depend on current configuration of your gear but thanks to its ability to fly safely without constant piloting the Synthesis Cabrio will let you adjust everything to the best effect Good knowledge of weather conditions e g wind at different altitudes and intelligent use of thermals convergence and other kinds of lift will help you greatly reduce fuel consumption and increase flight range Of course the engine is always there to help you find the right spot Once there do not hesitate to lead the Synthesis Cabrio into thermalling in order to gain height and save fuel Possible shortening of the trimmers will make the climb ratio even better Trimmers operation The reflex wing section enables the Synthesis Cabrio pilot to use a wide range of trimmers action You are free to experiment with all possible settings as long as you are on safe altitude Fully opened trimmers increase the speed and stability of the wing and with it also its ability to cope with turbulences and overall penetration As forces on the brakes grow at high speeds the weightshifting or steering with TST system becomes increasingly effective Turns executed in t
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