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Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris

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1. E Contents Verifying System Requirements 2 2 Linux System Requirements 2 2 Firewall Issues 2 2 Troubleshooting Tip 2 3 Solaris System Requirements 2 3 Changing a Kernel Version 2 3 Unpacking the VPN Client Files 2 4 Installing the Software 2 4 Installing the VPN Client for Linux 2 4 Kernel Source Requirements 2 5 VPN Client for Linux Install Script Notes Installing the VPN Client for Solaris 2 6 VPN Client for Solaris Install Script Notes CHAPTER 3 User Profiles 3 1 Sample Profile Description 3 1 Modifying the Sample Profile 3 2 Creating a User Profile 3 2 CHAPTER 4 Using the Command Line Interface 4 1 Displaying a List of Commands 4 1 Establishing a Connection 4 1 Authentication Prompts 4 2 Rekeying Issues 4 2 DNS Server Settings 4 3 Disconnecting the VPN Client 4 3 Displaying VPN Client Statistics 4 3 Examples 4 4 No Options 4 4 Reset Option 4 5 Traffic Option 4 5 Tunnel Option 4 5 Route Option 4 5 Event Logging 4 6 Enabling Logging 4 6 Viewing Log Files 4 6 Client Auto Update Messages 4 7 2 6 2 7 E Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris OL 3272 02 CHAPTER 5 INDEX Managing Digital Certificates Setti Certi ng Certificate Keywords f Certificate Contents 5 2 f f icate Command Syntax Certificate Passwords 5 3 Certificate Tags 5 3 5 1 5 1 5 1 Certificate Management Operations 5 4 Enrolling Certificates 5 6 Enrollment Operations 5 6 Enrollmen
2. If you are connecting to a VPN 5000 concentrator this field must match the VPNGroup groupname configured in the concentrator Company The company in which the owner is using the certificate This is the same as the organization State The state in which the owner is using the certificate Country The two character country code in which the owner s system is located Email The e mail address of the owner of the certificate Thumbprint An MDS hash of the certificate s complete contents The thumbprint provides a means for validating the authenticity of the certificate For example if you contact the issuing CA you can use this identifier to verify that this certificate is the correct one to use Key size The size of the signing key pair in bits Subject The fully qualified domain name FQDN of the certificate s owner This field uniquely identifies the owner of the certificate in a format that can be used for LDAP and X 500 directory queries A typical subject includes the following fields common name cn organizational unit or department ou organization or company 0 locality city or town 1 state or province st country c e mail address e Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris lt OL 3272 02 Chapter 5 Managing Digital Certificates Certificate Certificate Passwords W Other items might be included in the Subject depending on the ce
3. Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris P26 W OL 3272 02 Chapter2 _ Installing the VPN Client Installing the Software W e The following files are being installed with setuid and or setgid permissions lt installer lists files gt Do you want to install these as setuid setgid files y n q e This package contains scripts which will be executed with super user permission during the process of installing this package Do you want to continue with the installation of lt vpnclient gt y n Press Enter to choose the default response At the directory prompts if you do not choose the default Step 3 you must enter another directory in your user s path Step4 Restart your computer VPN Client for Solaris Install Script Notes During the installation process 1 The following line is added to the etc iu ap file to enable the autopush facility at startup lt dev_name gt 1 0 cipsec where dev_name is the name of the interface without the trailing numbers for example ipdtp le or hme A line is added for every supported network device detected 2 The VPN module is copied to the kernel strmod directory which is in the system s module search path The pkginfo command provides information about the installed packages For more information on other package related commands enter man pkgadd Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris E OL 3272 02 Chapter2 Installing the VPN Client
4. and IPSec deletes e If you are using a GUI VPN Client a pop up message appears stating the reason for the disconnect the message is appended to the Notifications log and is logged in the IPSec log Log Viewer window e Ifyou are using a command line client the message appears on your terminal and is logged in the IPSec log e For IPSec deletes which do not tear down the connection an event message appears in the IPSec log file but no message pops up or appears on the terminal Note The VPN device must be running software version 4 0 or later to support this functionality Single SA The ability to support a single security association SA per VPN connection Rather than creating a host to network SA pair for each split tunneling network this feature provides a host to ALL approach creating one tunnel for all appropriate network traffic apart from whether split tunneling is in use IPSec Features The VPN Client supports the IPSec features listed in Table 1 3 Table 1 3 IPSec Features IPSec Feature Description Tunnel Protocol IPSec Transparent tunneling e IPSec over UDP for NAT and PAT e IPSec over TCP for NAT and PAT Key Management protocol Internet Key Exchange IKE IKE Keepalives A tool for monitoring the continued presence of a peer and reporting the VPN Client s continued presence to the peer This lets the VPN Client notify you when the peer is no longer present
5. Another type of keepalives keeps NAT ports alive E Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris OL 3272 02 Chapter1 Understanding the VPN Client VPN Client Features W Table 1 3 IPSec Features continued IPSec Feature Description Split tunneling The ability to simultaneously direct packets over the Internet in clear text and encrypted through an IPSec tunnel The VPN device supplies a list of networks to the VPN Client for tunneled traffic You enable split tunneling on the VPN Client and configure the network list on the VPN device Support for Split DNS The ability to direct DNS packets in clear text over the Internet to domains served through an external DNS serving your ISP or through an IPSec tunnel to domains served by the corporate DNS The VPN server supplies a list of domains to the VPN Client for tunneling packets to destinations in the private network For example a query for a packet destined for corporate com would go through the tunnel to the DNS that serves the private network while a query for a packet destined for myfavoritesearch com would be handled by the ISP s DNS This feature is configured on the VPN server VPN concentrator and enabled on the VPN Client by default To use Split DNS you must also have split tunneling configured IPSec Attributes The VPN Client supports the IPSec attributes listed in Table 1 4 Table 1 4 IPSec Attributes IPSec Attribute
6. Digital Certificates This chapter describes how to manage your digital certificate stores e Index I OL 3272 02 Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris About This Guide HI Related Documentation Related Documentation The following is a list of user guides and other documentation related to the VPN Client for Linux and Solaris and the VPN devices that provide the connection to the private network e Release Notes for the Cisco VPN Client Version 4 0 e Cisco VPN Client Administrator Guide Release 4 0 e Cisco VPN 3000 Series Concentrator Getting Started Guide Release 4 0 e Cisco VPN 3000 Series Concentrator Reference Volume I Configuration Release 4 0 e Cisco VPN 3000 Series Concentrator Reference Volume II Administration and Monitoring Release 4 0 Terminology In this user guide e The term Cisco VPN device refers to the following Cisco products Cisco IOS devices that support Easy VPN server functionality VPN 3000 Series Concentrators Cisco PIX Firewall Series e The term PC refers generically to any personal computer Document Conventions This guide uses the following typographic conventions e Boldface font Describes user actions and commands e Italic font Describes arguments that you supply the values for e Screen font Describes terminal sessions and information displayed by the system e Boldface screen font Describes information that you must enter amp Note Mea
7. HZ Installing the Software Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris OL 3272 02 CHAPTER User Profiles The VPN Client uses parameters that must be uniquely configured for each remote user of the private network Together these parameters make up a user profile which is contained in a profile configuration file pcf file User profiles reside in the default directory etc CiscoSystemsVPNClient Profiles or in the directory specified during the VPN Client installation User profile parameters include the remote server address IPSec group name and password use of a log file use of backup servers and automatic connect upon startup Each connection entry has its own user profile Note User profiles for the VPN Client are interchangeable between platforms Keywords that are specific to the Windows platform are ignored by other platforms This chapter describes how to create a VPN Client user profile To set global profiles for all users refer to the Cisco VPN Client Administrator Guide Sample Profile Description There are two ways to create a user profile e Use a text editor to modify the sample profile that comes with the VPN Client installer and rename it e Create a unique user profile using a text editor There is only one user profile per connection The VPN Client software is shipped with a sample user profile The file is named sample pcf The following is an example of a sample user profile that
8. W e IP protocol 50 ESP e TCP port configured for IPSec TCP e NAT T Standards Based NAT Transparency port 4500 Troubleshooting Tip The following two lines might be added by default with your Linux installation in the etc sysconfig ipchains directory For Red Hat this might be written to the etc sysconfig ipchains directory These two commands might prevent UDP traffic from passing through A input p udp s 0 0 d 0 0 0 1023 j REJECT A input p udp s 0 0 d 0 0 2049 j REJECT If you have problems with UDP traffic try one of the following solutions e First delete the above two reject lines then enter the following two commands etc init d ipchains stop etc init d ipchains start amp Note The ipchains might be replaced by iptables or it might be located in a different directory on your Linux distribution e Add the following rule to the default ipchains firewall configuration or add it above any UDP reject line A input p udp s 0 0 d 0 0 500 j ACCEPT This rule allows UDP port 500 which is required for the VPN Client connection Solaris System Requirements The VPN Client for Solaris runs on any UltraSPARC computer running a 32 bit or 64 bit Solaris kernel OS Version 2 6 or later Changing a Kernel Version You can install the VPN Client running the 32 bit or 64 bit version of the kernel referred to as 32 bit mode and 64 bit mode If you experience problems installing or running the VPN Client in
9. current Cisco documentation on the World Wide Web at this URL http www cisco com univercd home home htm You can access the Cisco website at this URL http www cisco com International Cisco web sites can be accessed from this URL http www cisco com public countries_languages shtml Documentation CD ROM Cisco documentation and additional literature are available in a Cisco Documentation CD ROM package which may have shipped with your product The Documentation CD ROM is updated monthly and may be more current than printed documentation The CD ROM package is available as a single unit or through an annual subscription Registered Cisco com users can order the Documentation CD ROM product number DOC CONDOCCD gt through the online Subscription Store http www cisco com go subscription Ordering Documentation You can find instructions for ordering documentation at this URL http www cisco com univercd cc td doc es_inpck pdi htm I OL 3272 02 Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris About This Guide WE Obtaining Technical Assistance You can order Cisco documentation in these ways e Registered Cisco com users Cisco direct customers can order Cisco product documentation from the Networking Products MarketPlace http www cisco com en US partner ordering index shtml e Registered Cisco com users can order the Documentation CD ROM Customer Order Number DOC CONDOCCD gt through the onli
10. manage digital certificates in your certificate store for the Cisco VPN Client by using the command line interface Your certificate store is the location in your local file system for storing digital certificates The store for the VPN Client is the Cisco store Setting Certificate Keywords To use certificates for authentication you must correctly set all keywords that apply to certificates in your user profile Check your settings for the following keywords e AuthType 3 certificate authentication e CertStore 1 Cisco certificate store e CertName Common Name This must be the same common name that is entered for a certificate See Chapter 3 User Profiles for more information on setting parameters in your user profile Certificate Command Syntax Digital certificate management is implemented using the command line interface The command line interface for certificate management operates in two ways e The standard UNIX shell at which you enter all arguments for a given command on the same line cisco cert _ mgr U op enroll f filename chall challenge phrase e A prompting mode in which you enter minimum arguments for a given command and are prompted for any remaining information The minimum command line argument follows this basic form cisco _cert_ mgr U op operation cisco _cert_ mgr R op operation cisco _cert_ mgr E op operation Where U applies to the user or private certificate You can use th
11. might be shipped with your installer main Description sample user profile Host 10 7 44 1 AuthType 1 GroupName monkeys EnableISPConnect 0 ISPConnectType 0 ISPConnect ISPCommand Username gawf SaveUserPassword 0 EnableBackup 0 I OL 3272 02 Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris Chapter3 User Profiles HZ Modifying the Sample Profile BackupServer EnableNat 0 CertStore 0 CertName CertPath CertSubjectName CertSerialHash 00000000000000000000000000000000 DHGroup 2 ForceKeepAlives 0 Modifying the Sample Profile To modify the sample profile Step 1 Using a text editor open the sample user profile Step2 Modify the keywords you want to change See your administrator for IP addresses user name and any security information Step3 Save your new profile with a unique name in the etc CiscoSystemsVPNClient Profiles directory When you use the vpnclient connect command to establish a connection use your new profile name Creating a User Profile You can create your own user profile from scratch by using any text editing program At a minimum you need the following keywords listed in your profile e main e Host e AuthType e GroupName e Username Save your new profile in the etc CiscoSystems VPNClient Profiles directory See your administrator for IP addresses user names and any security information Table 3 1 describes keywords that can be in a user profile User profile
12. one mode try the other one To see which mode the system is running in enter this command isainfo kv If the cipsec module is loaded correctly the dmesg log displays a message similar to the following Oct 29 11 09 54 sol 2062 cipsec ID 952494 kern notice Cisco Unity IPSec Module Load OK Note If the dmesg log does not show the cipsec log message you should switch to the other mode I OL 3272 02 Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris ii Chapter2 Installing the VPN Client HI Unpacking the VPN Client Files To switch to 32 bit mode e Temporarily Enter the following command ok is the system prompt ok boot kernel unix e Permanently Enter the following command as root then restart your computer eeprom boot file platform sun4u kernel unix To switch to 64 bit mode e Temporarily Enter the following command ok is the system prompt ok boot kernel sparcv9 unix e Permanently Enter the following command as root then restart your computer eeprom boot file platform sun4u kernel sparcv9 unix Unpacking the VPN Client Files The VPN Client is shipped as a compressed tar file To unpack the files Step 1 Download the packed files either from your internal network or the Cisco website to a directory of your choice Step2 Copy the VPN Client file to a selected directory Step3 Unpack the file using the zcat and tar commands For example the command for Linux is zcat vpn
13. page 2 1 for more information amp Note If you are installing the VPN Client for Solaris Release 3 7 or later on a Version 2 6 Solaris platform you receive the following message during the VPN Client installation Patch 105181 version 29 or higher to Solaris 2 6 is required for the client to function properly Installing without this patch will cause the kernel to crash as soon as the client kernel module is loaded This patch is available from Sun as part of the Recommended Solaris Patch Cluster If you proceed with installation the kernel module will not be enabled After you have installed the patch you may enable the kernel module by uncommenting all lines in etc iu ap that contain cipsec 299 To install the VPN Client for Solaris Step 1 Obtain superuser privileges to run the install script Step2 Enter the following command pkgadd d vpnclient The default directories for the binaries kernel VPN modules and profiles are listed during the installation process You receive the following prompts during the installation Directory where binaries will be installed usr local bin Is the above correct y If the installer finds a conflict with the VPN Client files and another application you receive this message The following files are already installed on the system and are being used by another package lt installer lists files gt Do you want to install these conflicting files y n q
14. the pcf file extension If your profile name contains spaces enclose it in double quotation marks on the command line user lt username gt optional The username configured for this connection entry If you use this option with the pwd option the username prompt is suppressed in the authentication dialog box eraseuserpassword pwd e eraseuserpassword erases the user password that is saved on lt password gt optional the VPN Client workstation forcing the VPN Client to prompt you for a password each time you establish a connection e pwd lt password gt suppresses the password prompt in the authentication dialog box nocertpwd optional Suppresses the prompt for a certificate password and assumes that the password is blank If you use this option you cannot set a password for your certificate For more information see the Certificate Passwords section on page 5 3 Note If your user profile is configured with the SaveUserPassword keyword set to the default the password is saved locally For more information on profiles see Chapter 3 User Profiles Authentication Prompts Depending on the parameters that have been configured in your user profile you are prompted for the following passwords e Group password e User name e User password e Certificate password If your VPN Client has been configured to use SecurID or RADIUS authentication you are also prompted for those pas
15. uninstall the VPN Client e You must uninstall an old VPN Client for Solaris before you install a new VPN Client e You are not required to uninstall an old VPN Client for Linux before you install a new VPN Client e You must uninstall any VPN 5000 Client before you install a VPN Client Refer to the Cisco VPN 5000 Client documentation for more information Uninstalling a VPN Client for Solaris If a VPN Client for Solaris was previously installed you must remove the old VPN Client before you install a new one To uninstall a package use the pkgrm command For example pkgrm vpnclient Uninstalling a VPN Client for Linux To uninstall the VPN Client for Linux Step 1 Run the following command sudo usr local bin vpn_uninstall Step2 You are prompted to remove all profiles and certificates Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris oL 3272 02 EN Chapter2 Installing the VPN Client EE Gathering Information You Need If you answer yes all binaries startup scripts certificates profiles and any directories that were created during the installation process are removed If you answer no all binaries and startup scripts are removed but certificates profiles and the vpnclient ini file remain Gathering Information You Need To configure and use the VPN Client you might be required to have the following information This information is normally obtained from the system administrator of the private ne
16. user password 3 3 enroll file operation 5 5 enrolling a CA for certificates 5 2 5 6 enrollment keywords 5 6 enroll operation 5 5 enroll resume operation 5 5 eraseuserpwd parameter 4 2 ESP keepalives 3 4 export operation 5 5 extended authentication 1 6 F features authentication 1 6 IPSec 1 4 program 1 3 VPN client 1 2 FQDN fully qualified domain name 5 2 G group name 3 3 group password 3 3 hash 3 5 5 2 host name 1 3 3 3 IKE keepalives 1 4 3 4 IKE protocols 1 1 import operation 5 5 installer contents 2 1 install script Linux 2 6 Solaris 2 7 introduction 1 1 IP chains 2 3 IP protocol 1 2 IPSec attributes 1 5 features 1 4 through NAT 3 4 IPSec group name 3 3 password 3 3 K keepalives 1 4 3 4 kernel version changing 2 3 requirements 2 2 key size 5 2 keywords for enrollment operations 5 6 L libraries 2 2 list operation 5 4 local LAN access 1 3 3 4 logging commands 4 6 Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris OL 3272 02 main mode 1 5 mode aggressive 1 5 authentication 1 5 configuration 1 6 main 1 5 NAT 3 4 tunnel encapsulation 1 6 MTU size 1 3 NAT mode 3 4 NAT transparency 3 4 NAT transversal 3 4 notifications from VPN device 1 3 notify command 4 7 O operations for certificate management 5 4 P password group 3 3 IPSec group 3 3 overriding 4 2 string 3 3 user profile 3 3 peer certi
17. workaround is available e Priority level 1 P1 Your production network is down and a critical impact to business operations will occur if service is not restored quickly No workaround is available Cisco TAC Website You can use the Cisco TAC website to resolve P3 and P4 issues yourself saving both cost and time The site provides around the clock access to online tools knowledge bases and software To access the Cisco TAC website go to this URL http www cisco com tac All customers partners and resellers who have a valid Cisco service contract have complete access to the technical support resources on the Cisco TAC website Some services on the Cisco TAC website require a Cisco com login ID and password If you have a valid service contract but do not have a login ID or password go to this URL to register http tools cisco com RPF register register do If you are a Cisco com registered user and you cannot resolve your technical issues by using the Cisco TAC website you can open a case online at this URL http www cisco com en US support index html If you have Internet access we recommend that you open P3 and P4 cases through the Cisco TAC website so that you can describe the situation in your own words and attach any necessary files Cisco TAC Escalation Center The Cisco TAC Escalation Center addresses priority level 1 or priority level 2 issues These classifications are assigned when severe network degradation
18. 00 You must also have IPSec through NAT enabled and the Tunneling Mode set for IPSec over TCP ForceKeepAlives 01 1 Allows the VPN Client to keep sending IKE and ESP keepalives for a connection at approximately 20 second intervals so that the port on an ESP aware NAT Firewall does not close e 0 the default disables keepalives e 1 enables keepalives PeerTimeout Number The number of seconds to wait before terminating a connection when the VPN device on the other end of the tunnel is not responding The range is 30 to 480 seconds The default is 90 CertStore 011 Identifies the type of store containing the configured certificate e 0 default none e 1 Cisco CertName String Identifies the certificate used to connect to the VPN device The maximum length is 129 alphanumeric characters Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris OL 3272 02 _ Chapter 3 User Profiles Creating a User Profile W Table 3 1 User Profile Keywords continued Keywords Description CertPath String The path name of the directory containing the certificate file The maximum length is 259 alphanumeric characters CertSubjectName String The qualified Distinguished Name DN of the certificate s owner You can either not include this keyword in the user profile or leave this entry blank CertSerialHash String A hash of the certificate s complete conten
19. 7 users must use VPN Client Versions 3 7 or earlier to continue using the ipdptp dialup interface Solaris 8 users must apply the patch from SUN that allows them to use the new pppd 4 0 driver N Note The VPN Client supports only one PPP and one Ethernet adapter Protocol IP Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris OL 3272 02 _ Chapter 1 Understanding the VPN Client VPN Client Features W Table 1 1 Main Features continued Features Description Tunnel protocol IPSec User Authentication e RADIUS e RSA SecurID e VPN server internal user list e PKI digital certificates e NT Domain Windows NT Program Features The VPN Client supports the program features listed in Table 1 2 Table 1 2 Program Features Program Feature Description Servers Supported e Cisco IOS devices that support Easy VPN server functionality e VPN 3000 Series Concentrators e Cisco PIX Firewall Series Local LAN access The ability to access resources on a local LAN while connected through a secure gateway to a central site VPN server if the central site grants permission Automatic VPN Client configuration option The ability to import a configuration file Event logging The VPN Client log collects events for viewing and analysis NAT Transparency NAT T Enables the VPN Client and the VPN device to automatically detect when to use IPSec over UDP to work p
20. Cisco SYSTEMS Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris Release 4 0 Corporate Headquarters Cisco Systems Inc 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose CA 95134 1706 USA http www cisco com Tel 408 526 4000 800 553 NETS 6387 Fax 408 526 4100 Customer Order Number Text Part Number OL 3272 02 X THE SPECIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION REGARDING THE PRODUCTS IN THIS MANUAL ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE ALL STATEMENTS INFORMATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN THIS MANUAL ARE BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE BUT ARE PRESENTED WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EXPRESS OR IMPLIED USERS MUST TAKE FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR APPLICATION OF ANY PRODUCTS THE SOFTWARE LICENSE AND LIMITED WARRANTY FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PRODUCT ARE SET FORTH IN THE INFORMATION PACKET THAT SHIPPED WITH THE PRODUCT AND ARE INCORPORATED HEREIN BY THIS REFERENCE IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO LOCATE THE SOFTWARE LICENSE OR LIMITED WARRANTY CONTACT YOUR CISCO REPRESENTATIVE FOR A COPY The Cisco implementation of TCP header compression is an adaptation of a program developed by the University of California Berkeley UCB as part of UCB s public domain version of the UNIX operating system All rights reserved Copyright 1981 Regents of the University of California NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER WARRANTY HEREIN ALL DOCUMENT FILES AND SOFTWARE OF THESE SUPPLIERS ARE PROVIDED AS IS WITH ALL FAULTS CISCO AND THE ABOVE NAMED SUPPLIERS DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IM
21. Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris OL 3272 02
22. Description Main Mode and Aggressive Mode Ways to negotiate phase 1 of establishing ISAKMP Security Associations SAs Authentication algorithms e HMAC Hashed Message Authentication Coding with MD5 Message Digest 5 hash function e HMAC with SHA 1 Secure Hash Algorithm hash function Authentication Modes e Preshared Keys e X 509 Digital Certificates Diffie Hellman Groups e 1 DES e 2 DES and 3DES 5 Note See the Cisco VPN Client Administrator Guide for more information about DH Group 5 Encryption algorithms e 56 bit DES Data Encryption Standard e 168 bit Triple DES e AFS 128 bit and 256 bit oL 3272 02 Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris E Chapter1 Understanding the VPN Client HZ VPN Client Features Table 1 4 IPSec Attributes continued IPSec Attribute Description Extended Authentication The capability of authenticating a user within IKE This XAUTH authentication is in addition to the normal IKE phase 1 authentication where the IPSec devices authenticate each other The extended authentication exchange within IKE does not replace the existing IKE authentication Mode Configuration Also known as ISAKMP Configuration Method Tunnel Encapsulation Modes e IPSec over UDP NAT PAT e IPSec over TCP NAT PAT IP compression IPCOMP using Data compression algorithm LZS Authentication Features The VPN Client suppo
23. PLIED INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THOSE OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING USAGE OR TRADE PRACTICE IN NO EVENT SHALL CISCO OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT SPECIAL CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION LOST PROFITS OR LOSS OR DAMAGE TO DATA ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS MANUAL EVEN IF CISCO OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES CCIP the Cisco Arrow logo the Cisco Powered Network mark the Cisco Systems Verified logo Cisco Unity Follow Me Browsing FormShare iQ Breakthrough iQ Expertise iQ FastTrack the iQ Logo iQ Net Readiness Scorecard Networking Academy ScriptShare SMARTnet TransPath and Voice LAN are trademarks of Cisco Systems Inc Changing the Way We Work Live Play and Learn Discover All That s Possible The Fastest Way to Increase Your Internet Quotient and iQuick Study are service marks of Cisco Systems Inc and Aironet ASIST BPX Catalyst CCDA CCDP CCIE CCNA CCNP Cisco the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert logo Cisco IOS the Cisco IOS logo Cisco Press Cisco Systems Cisco Systems Capital the Cisco Systems logo Empowering the Internet Generation Enterprise Solver EtherChannel EtherSwitch Fast Step GigaStack Internet Quotient IOS IP TV LightStream MGX MICA the Networkers logo Network Registrar Packet PIX Post Routing Pre Ro
24. WE Creating a User Profile Table 3 1 Keywords User Profile Keywords continued Description EnableBackup 011 Specifies to use a backup server if the primary server is not available e 0 the default disables the backup server e 1 enables the backup server You must also specify a BackupServer BackupServer P_Address or hostname List of IP addresses or hostnames of backup servers Separate multiple entries by commas The maximum length of hostname is 255 alphanumeric characters EnableLocalLAN 011 Allows you to configure access to your local LAN e 0 the default disables local LAN access e 1 enables local LAN access amp Note To allow local LAN access it must be enabled on both the VPN Client and the VPN device you are connecting to EnableNAT 011 Specifies whether or not to enable secure transmission between a VPN Client and a VPN device through a router serving as a firewall which might also be using the NAT protocol e 0 the default disables IPSec through NAT mode e 1 enables IPSec through NAT mode TunnelingMode 011 Allows you to select which form of NAT transversal is used e 0 the default specifies IPSec over UDP for NAT transparency e 1 specifies IPSec over TCP for NAT transparency You must also have IPSec through NAT enabled TCPTunnelingPort 0 65535 Sets which TCP port to use for the cTCP protocol The default is 100
25. client linux 3 7 xxx K9 tar gz tar xvf The command for Solaris is zcat vpnclient solaris 3 7 xxx K9 tar Z tar xvf This command creates the vpnclient directory in the current directory Installing the Software The following sections describe the installation procedure for the VPN Client for each operating system Installing the VPN Client for Linux Before you install a new version of the VPN Client or before you reinstall your current version you must use the stop command to disable VPN service If you are upgrading from the VPN 5000 Client to the VPN Client use the following stop command etc re d init d vpn stop Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris P24 E OL 3272 02 Chapter2 _ Installing the VPN Client Installing the Software W If you are upgrading from the VPN 3000 Client to the VPN Client use the following stop command ete re d init d vpnclient init stop To install the VPN Client for Linux Step 1 Obtain superuser privileges to run the install script Step2 Enter the following commands cd vpnclient vpn_install The default directories for the binaries kernel VPN modules and profiles are listed during the installation process You receive the following prompts during the installation e Directory where binaries will be installed lib modules lt kernel version gt build e Automatically start the VPN service at boot time yes e Directory containing linux kernel sou
26. des a broad range of features and services to help you with these tasks e Streamline business processes and improve productivity e Resolve technical issues with online support e Download and test software packages e Order Cisco learning materials and merchandise e Register for online skill assessment training and certification programs Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris OL 3272 02 About This Guide Obtaining Technical Assistance W To obtain customized information and service you can self register on Cisco com at this URL http www cisco com Technical Assistance Center The Cisco TAC is available to all customers who need technical assistance with a Cisco product technology or solution Two levels of support are available the Cisco TAC website and the Cisco TAC Escalation Center The avenue of support that you choose depends on the priority of the problem and the conditions stated in service contracts when applicable We categorize Cisco TAC inquiries according to urgency e Priority level 4 P4 You need information or assistance concerning Cisco product capabilities product installation or basic product configuration e Priority level 3 P3 Your network performance is degraded Network functionality is noticeably impaired but most business operations continue e Priority level 2 P2 Your production network is severely degraded affecting significant aspects of business operations No
27. e U flag for all certificate management command operations except enroll resume Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris oL 3272 02 EN Chapter5 Managing Digital Certificates E Certificate Contents R applies to the root certificate or certificate authority CA certificate You can use the R flag for list view verify delete export import and change password operations E applies to certificate enrollment You can only use the E flag with list and delete and you must specify it using the enroll_resume operation The operation for the specified certificate follows the op argument Valid operations for the certificate manager command are list view verify delete export import enroll enroll_file and enroll_resume For more information on these operations see the Certificate Management Operations section on page 5 4 Certificate Contents This section describes the type of information contained in a digital certificate A typical digital certificate contains the following information Common name The name of the owner usually both the first and last names This field identifies the owner within the Public Key Infrastructure PKI organization Department The name of the owner s department This is the same as the organizational unit If you are connecting to a VPN 3000 concentrator this field must match the Group Name configured for the owner in the concentrator
28. en Hoek ou Customer Service o Stimpy Inc st CO c US e ren fake fake ip 10 10 10 10 dn fake fake enc binary e The following example shows the enroll_resume command cisco cert mgr E op enroll resume ct 4 Table 5 2 describes options for the enroll enroll_file and enroll_resume operations Table 5 2 Keywords for Enrollment Operations Parameter Description cn common_name The common name for the certificate ou organizational_unit The organizational unit for the certificate 0 organization The organization for the certificate st state The state for the certificate country The country for the certificate Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris OL 3272 02 Chapter 5 Managing Digital Certificates Enrolling Certificates Hl Table 5 2 Keywords for Enrollment Operations continued Parameter Description e email The user e mail address for the certificate ip P_Address The IP address of the user s system dn domain_name The FQDN of the user s system caurl url_of_CA The URL or network address of the CA cadn domain_name The CA s domain name chall challenge_phrase You can obtain the challenge phrase from your administrator or from the CA enc base64 binary Select encoding of the output file The default is base64 e base64 is an ASCII encoded PKCS10 file that you can display because it is in a text format Choose this t
29. enter the URL of the CA the domain name of the CA and the common name e The enroll_file operation generates an enrollment request file that you can e mail to a CA or post into a webpage form You must enter a filename a common name and the encoding type you want to use With the enroll and enroll_file operations you can include additional information with associated keywords These keywords are described in Table 5 2 e The enroll_resume operation resumes an interrupted network enrollment You must enter the E argument and a certificate tag To find your certificate tag use the list operation Enrollment Operations To use enrollment operations enter the certificate manager command and the enroll operation you want to use with the associated keywords on the command line e The following example shows the enroll command with the minimum required keywords for common name cn URL of the CA caurl and domain name of the CA cadn cisco cert mgr U op enroll cn Ren Hoek caurl http 172 168 0 32 certsrv mscep mscep d1ll cadn nobody fake e The following example shows the enroll_file command with the minimum required keywords for filename f common name cn and encoding type enc cisco_cert_mgr U op enroll file f filename cn Ren Hoek enc base64 e The following example shows the enroll_file command with the required minimum arguments and additional keywords cisco cert mgr U op enroll file f filename cn R
30. ficate 1 6 peer timeout 3 4 ports TCP 3 4 preconfigured keys 2 2 prerequisites passwords 2 2 profiles 3 1 program features 1 3 protocols DHCP 1 3 IKE 1 1 IP 1 2 PPP 1 2 TCP 3 4 UDP 1 3 2 3 Index W Red Hat Software 2 2 root certificates 5 2 S SA security association 1 4 save user password 3 3 shared keys authentication type 3 3 Diffie Hellman group 3 5 single SA 1 4 smart cards 1 6 split DNS 1 5 split tunneling 1 4 1 5 statistics 4 3 supported VPN devices 1 1 system adminstrator 2 2 system requirements 2 2 T tar command 2 4 TCP protocol 3 4 terminate connections 1 1 transparent tunneling 1 4 OL 3272 02 Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris E W index tunneling encapsulation mode 1 6 protocol 1 3 split 1 5 U UDP protocol 1 3 UltraSPARC computer 2 3 uninstalling an old client 2 1 unpacking the VPN client files 2 4 user authentication 1 3 1 6 user certificates 5 1 user name 3 3 user password 3 3 user profiles certificate keywords 5 1 creating 3 2 described 3 1 example 3 1 location 3 1 parameters 3 2 vV verify operation 5 4 viewing the logging files 4 6 view operation 5 4 VPN client defined 1 1 features 1 2 vpnclient connect command 3 2 vpnclient disconnect command 4 3 vpnclient stat command 4 3 VPN devices 1 1 X X 509 certificates 1 1 XAUTH extended authentication 1 6 Z zcat command 2 4 E
31. ificates in the certificate store and prompts you again for the certificate tag Certificate Management Operations List all certificate management operations on the command line following the minimum command line argument Valid operation strings allow you to list view verify delete export import and enroll digital certificates in your store The following is an example of a certificate management command with the list operation and a sample output cisco_cert_mgr U op list cisco cert mgr Version 3 0 7 Cert Common Name 0 Fred Flinstone 1 Dino Table 5 1 describes the operations that can be used with the certificate management command Table 5 1 Parameters for the cert_mgr Command Parameter Description list Lists all certificates in the certificate store Each certificate in the list is identified by a unique certificate tag Cert view ct Cert Views the specified certificate You must enter a certificate tag verify ct Cert Verifies that the specified certificate is valid You must enter a certificate tag If the certificate is verified the message Certificate Cert verified appears If the certificate fails verification for any reason the message Certificate Cert failed verification appears Following this message is a text string which describes the reason for the failure delete ct Cert Deletes the specified certificate You must enter a certificate tag Ci
32. ing any of the following operating systems e Linux for Intel Red Hat Version 6 2 or later or compatible libraries with glibc Version 2 1 1 6 or later using kernel Versions 2 2 12 or later e Solaris UltraSPARC 32 bit or 64 bit Solaris kernel OS Version 2 6 or later The VPN Client on a remote PC communicating with a Cisco VPN device on an enterprise network or with a service provider creates a secure connection over the Internet This connection allows you to access a private network as if you were an on site user creating a virtual private network VPN The following VPN devices can terminate VPN connections from VPN Clients e Cisco IOS devices that support Easy VPN server functionality e VPN 3000 Series Concentrators e Cisco PIX Firewall Series VPN Client Overview The VPN Client works with a Cisco VPN device to create a secure connection called a tunnel between your computer and a private network It uses Internet Key Exchange IKE and IP Security IPSec tunneling protocols to establish and manage the secure connection The steps used to establish a VPN connection can include e Negotiating tunnel parameters addresses algorithms lifetime e Establishing VPN tunnels according to the parameters e Authenticating users from usernames group names and passwords and X 509 digital certificates e Establishing user access rights hours of access connection time allowed destinations allowed protocols e Managing secur
33. is section describes methods for disconnecting the VPN Client To disconnect from your session use one of the following methods e Enter the following command vpnclient disconnect The following example shows the command that disconnects you from your secure connection and the prompts that appear root Linux7 1 clients vpnclient disconnect Cisco Systems VPN Client Version 4 0 int 84 Copyright C 1998 2003 Cisco Systems Inc All Rights Reserved Client Type s Linux Running on Linux 2 4 2 2 1 Sun Apr 8 20 41 30 EDT 2001 i686 Disconnecting the VPN connection Your VPN connection has been terminated e Press Crtl C while you are in the VPN Client window Displaying VPN Client Statistics This section describes the VPN Client statistics command vpnclient stat and its optional parameters To generate status information about your connection enter the following command vpnclient stat reset traffic tunnel route repeat If you enter this command without any of the optional parameters the vpnclient stat command displays all status information The optional parameters are described in Table 4 2 I OL 3272 02 Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris Chapter4 Using the Command Line Interface HZ Displaying VPN Client Statistics Table 4 2 Optional Parameters for the vpnclient stat Command Parameter Description reset Restarts all connection counts from zero traffic Displays a s
34. its encrypted form It is binary data represented as alphanumeric text Username String The name that identifies a user as a valid member of the IPSec group specified in GroupName The VPN Client prompts the user for this value during user authentication The maximum length is 32 alphanumeric characters This keyword is case sensitive and entered in clear text UserPassword String This password is used during extended authentication e If SaveUserPassword is enabled the first time the VPN Client reads this password it is saved in the user profile as encUserPassword and the clear text version is deleted e If SaveUserPassword is disabled the VPN Client deletes the clear text version of the user password in the user profile but it does not create an encrypted version encUserPassword String Displays the user password in the user profile in its encrypted form It is binary data represented as alphanumeric text SaveUserPassword 01 1 Determines if the user password or its encrypted form are valid in the user profile e 0 the default displays the user password in clear text in the user profile and is saved locally e 1 displays the user password in the user profile in its encrypted version and the password is not saved locally This value is set in the VPN device not in the VPN Client I OL 3272 02 Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris Chapter3 User Profiles
35. ity keys for encryption and decryption e Authenticating encrypting and decrypting data through the tunnel For example to use a remote PC to read e mail at your organization the connection process might be similar to the following 1 Connect to the Internet 2 Start the VPN Client Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris oL 3272 02 i Chapter1 Understanding the VPN Client HZ VPN Client Features 3 Establish a secure connection through the Internet to your organization s private network 4 When you open your e mail The Cisco VPN device Uses IPSec to encrypt the e mail message Transmits the message through the tunnel to your VPN Client The VPN Client Decrypts the message so you can read it on your remote PC Uses IPSec to process and return the message to the private network through the Cisco VPN device VPN Client Features The tables in the following sections describe the VPN Client features Main Features Table 1 1 lists the VPN Client main features Table 1 1 Main Features Features Description Operating Systems e Linux Intel e Solaris UltraSPARC 32 and 64 bit Connection types e Linux supports async serial PPP Internet attached Ethernet and ISDN e Solaris supports async serial PPP and Internet attached Ethernet amp Note The VPN Client no longer supports the ipdptp dialup interface used on older versions of the Solaris platform Solaris 6 and
36. keywords are not case sensitive unless indicated in the description Table 3 1 User Profile Keywords Keywords Description main A required keyword that identifies the main section Enter exactly as shown as the first entry in the user profile Description String This optional keyword describes this user profile The maximum length is 246 alphanumeric characters Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris OL 3272 02 Chapter3 User Profiles Creating a User Profile W Table 3 1 User Profile Keywords continued Keywords Description Host P_Address or hostname The hostname or IP address of the VPN device you want to connect with The maximum length of the hostname is 255 alphanumeric characters AuthType 113 The authentication type that this user is using e lis preshared keys e 3isa digital certificate using an RSA signature If you select AuthType 1 you must also configure the GroupName and GroupPwd GroupName String The name of the IPSec group configured on the VPN device that contains this user The maximum length is 32 alphanumeric characters This keyword is case sensitive GroupPwd String The password for the IPSec group that contains this user The minimum length is 4 alphanumeric characters The maximum is 32 This keyword is case sensitive and entered in clear text encGroupPwd String Displays the group password in the user profile in
37. ne Subscription Store http www cisco com go subscription e Nonregistered Cisco com users can order documentation through a local account representative by calling Cisco Systems Corporate Headquarters California U S A at 408 526 7208 or elsewhere in North America by calling 800 553 NETS 6387 Documentation Feedback You can submit comments electronically on Cisco com On the Cisco Documentation home page click Feedback at the top of the page You can e mail your comments to bug doc cisco com You can submit your comments by mail by using the response card behind the front cover of your document or by writing to the following address Cisco Systems Attn Customer Document Ordering 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose CA 95134 9883 We appreciate your comments Obtaining Technical Assistance Cisco provides Cisco com which includes the Cisco Technical Assistance Center TAC Website as a starting point for all technical assistance Customers and partners can obtain online documentation troubleshooting tips and sample configurations from the Cisco TAC website Cisco com registered users have complete access to the technical support resources on the Cisco TAC website including TAC tools and utilities Cisco com Cisco com offers a suite of interactive networked services that let you access Cisco information networking solutions services programs and resources at any time from anywhere in the world Cisco com provi
38. nization st state C country e email ip P_Address dn domain_name f filename enc base64 binary For user certificates only Generates an enrollment request file that can be e mailed to the CA or pasted into a webpage form When the certificate is generated by the CA you must import it using the import operation See the Enrolling Certificates section on page 5 6 for more information enroll_resume E ct Cert This operation cannot be used with user or root certificates Resumes an interrupted network enrollment You must enter the E argument and a certificate tag changepassword ct Cert Changes a password for a specified digital certificate You must enter a certificate tag You must enter the current password before you select the new password and confirm it Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris E Chapter5 Managing Digital Certificates HZ Enrolling Certificates Enrolling Certificates A Certificate Authority CA is a trusted organization that issues digital certificates to users to provide a means for verifying that users are who they claim to be The certificate enrollment operations allow you to obtain your certificate from a CA over the network or from an enrollment request file There are three types of certificate enrollment operations e The enroll operation allows you to obtain a certificate by enrolling with a CA over the network You must
39. ns reader take note Notes contain helpful suggestions or references to material not covered in the manual A Caution Means reader be careful In this situation you might do something that could result in equipment damage or loss of data Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris evi i OL 3272 02 About This Guide Data Formats Obtaining Documentation W When you configure the VPN Client enter data in these formats unless the instructions indicate otherwise e IP Address Use standard 4 byte dotted decimal notation for example 192 168 12 34 You can omit leading zeros in a byte position e Host names Use legitimate network host or end system name notation for example VPNO1 Spaces are not allowed A host name must uniquely identify a specific system on a network A host name can be up to 255 characters in length e User names and Passwords Text strings for user names and passwords use alphanumeric characters in both upper and lower case Most text strings are case sensitive For example simon and Simon would represent two different user names The maximum length of user names and passwords is generally 32 characters unless specified otherwise Obtaining Documentation Cisco com Cisco provides several ways to obtain documentation technical assistance and other technical resources These sections explain how to obtain technical information from Cisco Systems You can access the most
40. o disable logging set EnableLog 0 The global profile located in etc CiscoSystemsVPNClient vpnclient ini must include the following parameters main BinDirPath usr local bin EnableLog 1 LOG IKE LogLevel 15 LOG CM LogLevel 3 LOG CVPND LogLevel 3 LOG XAUTH LogLevel 3 LOG CERT LogLevel 3 LOG IPSEC LogLevel 15 LOG CLI LogLevel 3 LOG PPP LogLevel 1 LOG DIALER LogLevel 1 LOG FIREWALL LogLevel 1 LOG GUI LogLevel 1 The VPN Client for Linux and Solaris supports log levels from 1 lowest to 15 highest For more information about the global profile refer to the Cisco VPN Client Administrator Guide Viewing Log Files To view logging information enter the following command usr local bin ipseclog directory clientlog txt amp Note If you did not use the default directory usr local bin during installation you must enter logging commands using your chosen path When you launch the ipseclog application it appends any previous ipseclog files Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris ae W OL 3272 02 _ Chapter 4 Using the Command Line Interface Event Logging W To view logging information in real time enter the following command after you start the ipseclog tail f directory clientlog txt The ipseclog does not automatically go to the background To send the ipseclog to the background press Ctrl Z and enter the bg on the command line or enter
41. oting Guide and the Internetworking Design Guide For current Cisco Press titles and other information go to Cisco Press online at this URL http www ciscopress com Packet magazine is the Cisco monthly periodical that provides industry professionals with the latest information about the field of networking You can access Packet magazine at this URL http www cisco com en US about ac 123 ac114 about_cisco_packet_magazine html iQ Magazine is the Cisco monthly periodical that provides business leaders and decision makers with the latest information about the networking industry You can access iQ Magazine at this URL http business cisco com prod tree taf 3 fasset_id 44699 amp public_view true amp kbns 1 html Internet Protocol Journal is a quarterly journal published by Cisco Systems for engineering professionals involved in the design development and operation of public and private internets and intranets You can access the Internet Protocol Journal at this URL http www cisco com en US about ac 123 ac147 about_cisco_the_internet_protocol_journal html Training Cisco offers world class networking training with current offerings in network training listed at this URL http www cisco com en US learning le3 learning_recommended_training_list html Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris Pex OL 3272 02 Understanding the VPN Client The Cisco VPN Client is a software application that runs on computers us
42. rce code usr src linux e Is the above correct y Step3 Press Enter to choose the default response At the directory prompts if you do not choose the default you must enter another directory in your user s path Step4 If the installer cannot autodetect these settings you might receive the following prompts e Directory containing init scripts The directory where scripts that are run at boot time are kept Typically this is etc init d or etc rc d init d e Directory containing run level directories rcX d The directory that contains init s run level directories Typically this is etc or etc re d Step5 Enable the VPN service by using one of the following methods e Restart your computer e Enable the service without restarting Enter the following command ete re d init d vpneclient init start Kernel Source Requirements To install the VPN Client you must have the kernel source that was used to build the kernel that is running on the system If the system is using a kernel that came as part of the Linux distribution or a custom built kernel the kernel code can be obtained in different ways e For users running kernels that came with their distribution You must install the corresponding kernel source rpm The vpn_install script should be able to automatically find the kernel source e For users running a custom built kernel You must use the same copy of the kernel source that was used to build the kernel you are
43. rd and verify the password again before the command can execute If the password is not accepted you must re enter the command When you establish a VPN connection with a certificate a certificate password is also required All passwords can be up to 32 alphanumeric characters in length and are case sensitive Certificate Tags A certificate tag is the identifier for each unique certificate Each certificate added to the certificate store is assigned a certificate tag An enroll operation also generates a certificate tag even if the enroll operation does not complete I OL 3272 02 Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris Chapter5 Managing Digital Certificates W Certificate Management Operations Some certificate management operations require that you enter a certificate tag argument before the operation can take place Operations that require certificate tags are listed in Table 5 1 Use the list operation to find your certificate tag To enter a certificate tag argument use the ct command followed by the certificate identifier listed as ct Cert next to the operation The following example shows the view command with a required certificate tag cisco cert mgr U op view ct 0 Where the operation is view and the certificate tag is 0 If you do not enter the ct argument and certificate tag the command line prompts you for them If you enter an invalid certificate tag the command line lists all cert
44. roperly in port address translation PAT environments Update of centrally controlled backup server list The VPN Client learns the backup VPN server list when the connection is established This feature is configured on the VPN device and pushed to the VPN Client The backup servers for each connection entry are listed on the Backup Servers tab Set MTU size The VPN Client automatically sets a size that is optimal for your environment However you can also set the MTU size manually For information on adjusting the MTU size see the Cisco VPN Client Administrator Guide Support for Dynamic DNS DDNS host name population The VPN Client sends its host name to the VPN device when the connection is established If this occurs the VPN device can send the host name in a DHCP request This causes the DNS server to update its database to include the new host name and VPN Client address Notifications Software update notifications from the VPN server upon connection I OL 3272 02 Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris Chapter1 Understanding the VPN Client HZ VPN Client Features Table 1 2 Program Features continued Program Feature Description Delete with reason The VPN Client provides you with a reason code or reason text when a disconnect occurs The VPN Client supports the delete with reason function for client initiated disconnects concentrator initiated disconnects
45. rtificate e Serial number A unique identifier used for tracking the validity of the certificate on the certificate revocation lists CRLs e Issuer The FQDN of the source that provided the certificate e Not before The beginning date that the certificate is valid e Not after The end date beyond which the certificate is no longer valid The following output is an example of the type of information contained in a digital certificate Common Name Fred Flinstone Department Rock yard Company Stone Co State null Country null Email fredf stonemail fake Thumb Print 2936A0C874141273761B7F06F8152CF6 Key Size 1024 Subject e fredf stonemail fake cn Fred Flinstone ou Rockyard o Stone Co 1 Bedrock Serial 7E813E99B9EOF48077BF995AA8D4ED98 Issuer Stone Co Not before Thu May 24 18 00 00 2001 Not after Mon May 24 17 59 59 2004 Passwords Each digital certificate is protected by a password Many operations performed by the certificate management command require that you enter the password before the operation can take place The operations that require you to enter a password are e Delete e Import e Export e Enroll Note For the enroll operation the password to protect the digital certificate is a separate password from the optional challenge password that you enter for the server certificate You are prompted for any passwords that are required to complete the command You must enter the passwo
46. rts the authentication features listed in Table 1 5 Table 1 5 Authentication Features Authentication Feature Description User authentication through e Internal through the VPN device s database VPN central site device e RADIUS e NT Domain Windows NT e RSA formerly SDI SecurID or SoftID Certificate Management Allows you to manage the certificates in the certificate stores Certificate Authorities CAs CAs that support PKI SCEP enrollment Ability to authenticate using Physical SecurID cards or keychain fobs for passcode generation smart cards Peer Certificate Distinguished Prevents a VPN Client from connecting to an invalid gateway by Name Verification using a stolen but valid certificate and a hijacked IP address If the attempt to verify the domain name of the peer certificate fails the VPN Client connection also fails Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris lt OL 3272 02 CHAPTER Installing the VPN Client This chapter describes how to install the VPN Client software on your workstation You should be familiar with software installation on UNIX computers to perform this procedure The VPN Client consists of e A driver which is a loadable module e A set of commands accessible through your shell which is used to access the applications The commands and some parts of the driver are distributed in binary form only Uninstalling an Old Client This section describes how to
47. running Unpacking the source code for the version of the kernel you are using is insufficient There are several files generated when the kernel is compiled that the VPN Client uses These files must exactly match with the kernel you are running Otherwise the VPN Client installation might fail Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris oL 3272 02 EN Chapter 2 Installing the VPN Client HZ installing the Software amp Note Ifyou install a patch on the workstation kernel you must reinstall the VPN Client using these guidelines VPN Client for Linux Install Script Notes During the installation process 1 The module is compiled linked and copied to either the directory lib modules preferred Cisco VPN if it exists or to lib modules system CiscoVPN where system is the kernel version The application binaries are copied to the specified destination directory The startup file etc rc d init d vpnclient_init is created to enable and disable the VPN service The links etc rc3 d s85vpnclient and etc rc5 d s85vpnclient are added to run level 3 and level 5 if startup at boot time is requested These links allow the tunnel server to start at boot time and run in levels 3 and 5 Installing the VPN Client for Solaris Before you install a new version of the VPN Client or before you reinstall your current version you must uninstall the old VPN Client See the Uninstalling an Old Client section on
48. s use the vpnclient stat reset command vpnclient stat reset Tunnel statistics have been reset The following is a sample output from the vpnclient stat command with the traffic option vpnclient stat traffic VPN traffic summary Time connected 0 day lt s gt 00 30 04 Bytes out 5460 Bytes in 6090 Packets encrypted 39 Packets decrypted 91 Packets bypassed 159 Packets discarded 1608 The following is a sample output from the vpnclient stat command with the tunnel option The vpnclient stat tunnel command shows only tunneling information vpnclient stat tunnel IPSec tunnel information Client address 220 111 22 30 Server address 10 10 10 1 Encryption 168 bit 3 DES Authentication HMAC MD5 IP Compression None NAT passthrough is active on port 5000 Route Option The following is a sample output from the vpnclient stat command with the route option vpnclient stat route Configured routes Secured Network Destination Netmask Bytes 10 10 02 02 255 255 255 255 17638 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18998 Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris I oL 3272 02 EN Chapter4 Using the Command Line Interface E Event Logging Event Logging This section provides information on event logging including how to capture and view logging information Enabling Logging You must be a system administrator or have access to the global profile vpnclient ini to enable logging To enable logging set EnableLog 1 T
49. sco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris a OL 3272 02 Managing Digital Certificates Table 5 1 Parameter Certificate Management Operations W Parameters for the cert_mgr Command continued Description export ct Cert f filename Exports the identified certificate from the certificate store to a specified file You must enter a certificate tag and a filename If either is omitted the command line prompts you for them You must enter the full path of the destination If you enter only the filename the file is placed in your working directory import f filename Imports a certificate from a specified file to the certificate store This operation requires two different passwords the password that protects the file assigned by your administrator and the password you select to protect the certificate enroll cn common_name ou organizational_unit 0 organization St state country e email ip P_Address dn domain_name caurl url_of _CA cadn domain_name chall challenge_phrase For user certificates only Obtains a certificate by enrolling you with a Certificate Authority CA over the network Enter each keyword individually on the command line See the Enrolling Certificates section on page 5 6 for more information You can obtain a challenge phrase from your administrator or from the CA enroll_file cn common_name ou organizational_unit 0 orga
50. significantly impacts business operations When you contact the TAC Escalation Center with a P1 or P2 problem a Cisco TAC engineer automatically opens a case To obtain a directory of toll free Cisco TAC telephone numbers for your country go to this URL http www cisco com warp public 687 Directory DirTAC shtml I OL 3272 02 Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris About This Guide HZ Obtaining Additional Publications and Information Before calling please check with your network operations center to determine the level of Cisco support services to which your company is entitled for example SMARTnet SMARTnet Onsite or Network Supported Accounts NSA When you call the center please have available your service agreement number and your product serial number Obtaining Additional Publications and Information Information about Cisco products technologies and network solutions is available from various online and printed sources The Cisco Product Catalog describes the networking products offered by Cisco Systems as well as ordering and customer support services Access the Cisco Product Catalog at this URL http www cisco com en US products products_catalog_links_launch html Cisco Press publishes a wide range of networking publications Cisco suggests these titles for new and experienced users Internetworking Terms and Acronyms Dictionary Internetworking Technology Handbook Internetworking Troublesho
51. swords See your administrator for any security information Rekeying Issues When the connection is established the VPN Client window stays in the foreground to allow the VPN Client to be reauthenticated during a rekey by the VPN device To send the VPN Client window to the background press Ctrl Z and enter the bg command at the command line prompt Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris P42 E OL 3272 02 _ Chapter 4 Using the Command Line Interface Disconnecting the VPN Client W If the VPN device you are connecting to is configured to support rekeying and you send the VPN Client window to the background the tunnel disconnects when the first rekey occurs The VPN Client responds to rekey triggers based on time not data If you want VPN Client connections rekeyed you must configure the concentrator so that the IKE proposal is set to rekey every 1800 seconds and IPSec parameters are set to rekey every 600 seconds DNS Server Settings e You can configure the concentrator to send the IP addresses of DNS servers to the VPN Client to use during tunnel sessions If the client receives the DNS server settings it copies the file etc resolv conf to a backup file etc resolv conf vpnbackup When the tunnel closes the original contents of etc resolv conf are restored Note Refer to the configuration guide for your VPN device for information on DNS server settings Disconnecting the VPN Client Th
52. t Troubleshooting Tip 5 7 Contents W I OL 3272 02 Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris E Contents Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris lt OL 3272 02 Audience Contents About This Guide This guide describes how to install use and manage the Cisco VPN Client for the following operating systems e Linux for Intel e Solaris UltraSPARC This guide is for remote clients who want to set up virtual private network VPN connections to a central site Network administrators can also use this guide for information about configuring and managing VPN connections for remote clients You should be familiar with UNIX platforms and know how to use UNIX applications Network administrators should be familiar with UNIX system configuration and management and know how to install configure and manage internetworking systems This guide contains the following chapters e Chapter 1 Understanding the VPN Client This chapter provides a brief introduction to the VPN Client software e Chapter 2 Installing the VPN Client This chapter describes how to install the VPN Client software on your workstation e Chapter 3 User Profiles This chapter describes how to set up user profiles for connection entries e Chapter 4 Using the Command Line Interface This chapter describes the command line interface and lists the commands and their descriptions e Chapter 5 Managing
53. that is displayed root Linux7 1 unity vpnclient Cisco Systems VPN Client Version 4 0 int 84 Copyright C 1998 2003 Cisco Systems Inc All Rights Reserved Client Type s Linux Running on Linux 2 4 2 2 1 Sun Apr 8 20 41 30 EDT 2001 i686 Usage vpnclient connect lt profile gt user lt username gt eraseuserpwd pwd lt password gt nocertpwd vpnclient disconnect vpnclient stat reset traffic tunnel route repeat vpnclient notify Establishing a Connection amp This section describes how to establish a VPN connection using the vpnclient connect command and optional command parameters Note If you are connecting to a VPN device by using Telnet or SSH check to see if the device allows split tunneling If it does not you lose connectivity to your VPN device after making a VPN connection To establish a connection enter the following command vpnclient connect lt profile gt user lt username gt eraseuserpwd pwd lt password gt nocertpwd I OL 3272 02 Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris Chapter4 Using the Command Line Interface HZ Establishing a Connection The parameters for the vpnclient connect command are described in Table 4 2 Table 4 1 Parameters for the vpnclient connect Command Parameter Description lt profile gt required The name of the user profile configured for this connection entry pcf file Enter the profile name without
54. the ampersand symbol amp at the end of the view command as shown in the following example usr local bin ipseclog directory clientlog txt amp If the ipseclog is in the background you must send it to the foreground before you end the VPN Client application To send the ipseclog to the foreground enter fg on the command line Client Auto Update Messages When the VPN Client receives an auto update notification from the VPN remote access device it logs the notification but takes no further action To receive auto update messages and other notifications from the network administrator use the vpnclient notify command The following example shows the vpnclient notify command and an example of an auto update notification from the VPN device root Linux8 vpnclient vpnclient notify Cisco Systems VPN Client Version 3 7 Rel Copyright C 1998 2002 Cisco Systems Inc All Rights Reserved Client Type s Linux Running on Linux 2 4 18 14 1 Wed Sep 4 13 35 50 EDT 2002 i686 Notification Your network administrator has placed an update of the Cisco Systems VPN Client at the following location http fake cisco com root Linux8 vpnclient I OL 3272 02 Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris Chapter4 Using the Command Line Interface HZ Event Logging Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris Pas W OL 3272 02 CHAPTER Managing Digital Certificates This chapter describes how to
55. ts which provides a means of validating the authenticity of the certificate You can either not include this keyword in the user profile or leave this entry blank DHGroup 112 Allows a network administrator to override the configured group value used to generate Diffie Hellman key pairs on a VPN device e 1 modp group 1 e 2 modp group 2 The default is 2 The VPN Concentrator configuration for IKE Proposal must match the DHGroup in the VPN Client If the AuthType is set to 3 digital certificate this keyword has no effect on the VPN Client I OL 3272 02 Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris Chapter3 User Profiles WE Creating a User Profile Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris EN OL 3272 02 Displaying CHAPTER Using the Command Line Interface This chapter describes common operations using the command line interface You can create your own script files that use the CLI commands to perform routine tasks such as connect to a corporate server run reports and then disconnect from the server For more detailed information about using the VPN Client command line interface see the Cisco VPN Client Administrator Guide a List of Commands To display a list of available VPN Client commands locate the directory that contains the VPN Client software and enter the vpnclient command at the command line prompt The following example shows the command and the information
56. twork you want to access The system administrator might preconfigure much of this data Hostname or IP address of the secure gateway you are connecting to Your IPSec Group Name for preshared keys Your IPSec Group Password for preshared keys The name of the certificate if authenticating with a digital certificate Your username and password if authenticating through The secure gateway s internal server A RADIUS server An NT Domain server Your username and PIN if authenticating through a token vendor The hostnames or IP addresses of the backup servers if you should configure backup server connections Verifying System Requirements This section describes system requirements for the VPN Client for each operating system Linux System Requirements amp The VPN Client for Linux supports Red Hat Version 6 2 Linux Intel or compatible libraries with glibc Version 2 1 1 6 or later using kernel Versions 2 2 12 or later Note Firewall Issues The VPN Client for Linux does not support kernel Version 2 5 or SMP multiprocessor kernels If you are running a Linux firewall for example ipchains or iptables be sure that the following types of traffic are allowed to pass through UDP port 500 UDP port 10000 or any other port number being used for IPSec UDP Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris P22 E OL 3272 02 _ Chapter 2 Installing the VPN Client Verifying System Requirements
57. ummary of bytes in and out packets encrypted and decrypted and packets bypassed and discarded tunnel Displays IPSec tunneling information route Displays configured routes repeat Provides a continuous display refreshing it every few seconds To end the display press Ctrl C Examples This section shows examples of output from the different options for the vpnclient stat command No Options The following is a sample output from the vpnclient stat command with no options root Linux7_1 clients vpnclient stat Cisco Systems VPN Client Version 4 0 int 84 Copyright C 1998 2003 Cisco Systems Inc All Rights Reserved Client Type s Linux Running on Linux 2 4 2 2 1 Sun Apr 8 20 41 30 EDT 2001 i686 VPN tunnel information Connection Entry basic Client address 10 10 11 214 Server address 10 200 20 21 Encryption 168 bit 3 DES Authentication HMAC SHA IP Compression None NAT passthrough is inactive Local LAN Access is disabled VPN traffic summary Time connected 0 day s 00 00 01 Bytes in 0 Bytes out 0 Packets encrypted 0 Packets decrypted 0 Packets bypassed 17 Packets discarded 0 Configured routes Secured Network Destination Netmask 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris PE OL 3272 02 Chapter4 Using the Command Line Interface Reset Option Traffic Option Tunnel Option Displaying VPN Client Statistics To reset all connection counter
58. us sign between the department fields OL 3272 02 Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris Chapter5 Managing Digital Certificates HZ Enrolling Certificates Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris a OL 3272 02 A aggressive mode 1 5 algorithms authentication 1 5 data compression 1 6 encryption 1 5 authentication algorithms 1 5 extended 1 6 features 1 6 mode 1 5 type 3 3 backup server 3 4 batch files erasing saved password 4 2 Cc certificate contents 5 2 distinguished name 3 5 enrolling aCA 5 6 enrollment 5 2 example 5 3 hash of contents 3 5 management 5 1 management operations 5 4 name 3 4 passwords 5 3 INDEX path name 3 5 peer 1 6 root 5 2 store 3 4 5 1 tags 5 3 user 5 1 change password operation 5 5 command line interface connect 3 2 disconnect 4 3 displaying commands 4 1 logging 4 6 minimum argument 5 1 notify 4 7 stat 4 3 commands tar 2 4 zcat 2 4 connection types 1 2 D data compression 1 6 data formats ix delete operation 5 4 delete with reason 1 4 DHCP request 1 3 Diffie Hellman groups 1 5 disconnecting the VPN client 4 3 displaying available commands 4 1 DNS server 1 3 documentation conventions viii OL 3272 02 Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris E W index related viii enabling VPN service 2 5 encrypt group password 3 3 encryption algorithm 1 5 encrypt
59. uting RateMUX Registrar SlideCast StrataView Plus Stratm SwitchProbe TeleRouter and VCO are registered trademarks of Cisco Systems Inc and or its affiliates in the U S and certain other countries All other trademarks mentioned in this document or Web site are the property of their respective owners The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company 0208R Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris Copyright 2003 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 About This Guide vii Audience vii Contents vii Related Documentation viii Terminology viii Document Conventions viii Data Formats ix Obtaining Documentation ix Cisco com ix Documentation CD ROM ix Ordering Documentation ix Documentation Feedback x Obtaining Technical Assistance x Cisco com x Technical Assistance Center xi Cisco TAC Website xi Cisco TAC Escalation Center xi Obtaining Additional Publications and Information Understanding the VPN Client 1 1 VPN Client Overview 1 1 VPN Client Features 1 2 Main Features 1 2 Program Features 1 3 IPSec Features 1 4 IPSec Attributes 1 5 Authentication Features 1 6 Installing the VPN Client 2 1 Uninstalling an Old Client 2 1 Uninstalling a VPN Client for Solaris 2 1 Uninstalling a VPN Client for Linux 2 1 Gathering Information You Need 2 2 xii I OL 3272 02 Cisco VPN Client User Guide for Linux and Solaris jg
60. ype when you want to cut and paste the text into the CA s website e binary is a base 2 PKCS10 Public Key Cryptography Standards file You cannot display a binary encoded file Enrollment Troubleshooting Tip amp If the enrollment request for a user certificate using either the enroll or enroll_file operation generates a CA certificate instead of a user certificate the CA might be overwriting some of the distinguished naming information This might be caused by a configuration issue on the CA or a limitation of how the CA responds to enrollment requests The common name and subject information in the enrollment request must match the certificate generated by the CA for the VPN Client to recognize it as the same user certificate that was requested If it does not match the VPN Client does not install the new user certificate as the user certificate it had requested To check for this problem view the enrollment request on the VPN Client and compare the common name and subject lines with a view of the certificate from the CA If they do not match then the CA is overwriting information from the client request To work around this issue use the invalid certificate as an example and create an enrollment request that matches the output of the CA certificate Note If the CA s certificate contains multiple department multiple ou fields you can add multiple departments to the VPN Client enrollment request by using the pl

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