BROOKFIELD CT3 TEXTURE ANALYZER Operating Instructions
Contents
1. Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Page 17 Manual No M 08 371A0708 Cycle count will show a count down of the number of cycles remaining Deformation and Load will remain live displays during the test Test results are shown on the reporting screen 111 14 Mean and standard deviation of all peaks is reported Peak load is the highest peak and final load is the peak load of the last cycle Temp shows temperature at time of last cycle peak only if probe is connected BLOOM TEST performs a single compression cycle using industry established test parameters and reports gelatin bloom strength Deformation and test speed are fixed in the Bloom Test specification 115 When the operator depresses the start button the Bloom test performs a single compression cycle at 0 5mm s to the target deformation of 4mm During the test the running screen is seen as shown below 111 16 Both Deformation and Load displays are live during the test The probe then returns immediately to home starting position at 4 5mm s Test results are shown on the reporting screen 111 17 Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 Bloom load in grams is generally reported as grams bloom NOTE It is not recommended to conduct bloom testing with load cells greater than 1500g TPA TEST performs two compression cycles on the sample and reports five established Texture Profile Analysis results The operator sets t2. excessive upward downward or sideways force Damage may occur to the load cell Inspect a probe before use for any damage and always handle them carefully as some have sharp points or edges Most probes require the TA51 thread adapter to attach to the CT3 This adapter is installed at the factory before your instrument was shipped A few probes and most accessory fixtures require removal of the probe adapter Keep it in a safe place as it is needed for most probes 11 5 Fixtures There are a range of fixtures available for use with the CT3 Texture Analyzer as described in Appendix A These devices are designed to hold a sample in place during measurement Each fixture is designed to attach to either the Rotary Base or Fixture Base Table Refer to the instructions provided with the fixture for proper installation NOTE Brookfield can design custom fixtures to meet your application Contact Brookfield or our authorized dealer for details lll 6 Operating Menu The CT3 Texture Analyzer offers six test modes and one calibration mode Normal single compression cycle Hold Time compress and hold Cycle Count compress sample several times Bloom compression test measures gelatin bloom strength TPA two cycle Texture Profile Analysis compression test Tension pulls apart a sample using tensile force Static Load monitors load while hanging calibration weights Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 0
3. ssssesssesssssessesreseesstesetsetsstesseserestessessessresseeseese 44 Appendix D CT3 to Computer Command Set isiiecssssussvssassveddssuvioesusiesdssendesssevaseddueiocensimtise 46 Appendix E Warranty and Repair Service snasosdnicuiinrmenssanawanuiunantincnsavianmanmamnnaes 47 I INTRODUCTION The CT3 Texture Analyzer is the most recent development of the original Boucher Jelly Tester The original product was created as the Stevens Texturemeter and evolved into the CNS Farnell LFRA TA Leatherhead Food Research Association Texture Analyzer Brookfleld Engineering first enhanced the design of the LFRA maintaining the characteristics of the original equipment while expanding its measurement capabilities and ease of use by incorporating modern digital technology The new Brookfield CT3 Texture Analyzer is the third generation of this venerable product adding tension testing capability increased load cell options space for large samples two options for base tables and a wider range of accessories for more flexibility The main objective is to characterize your samples in a way that best represents their perception by human senses This is the essence of texture analysis The principle of operation of the CT3 Texture Analyzer is to subject a sample to controlled forces in compression using a probe or in tension using grips The resistance of the material to these forces is measured by a calibrated load cell and shown in either grams or N
4. Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 Sample conditions which will effect results generated 1 Fat content 2 Protein content 3 pH 4 Set Stirred product 5 Syneresis and surface characteristics 6 Presence of inclusions e g fruit 7 Temperature and uniformity RELATED TESTS 45 cone penetrometer test utilizing hold until time function to determine relaxation BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES Anon 1988 Facts About Yogurt National Dairy Council London Anon 1996 Yogurt A Technical Profile National Dairy Council Education Department Bylund G 1995 Diary Processing Handbook Tetra Pak Processing Systems AB Sweden Prentice J 1992 Dairy Rheology A Concise Guide VCH Publishers USA Tamime A and Robinson R 1985 Yogurt Science and Technology Pergamon Press Ltd Oxford Varnam A and Sutherland J 1994 Milk and Milk Products Technology Chemistry and Microbioogy Chapman and Hall Great Britain V 2 A Comparison of the Textural Characteristics of Biscuits Cookies PRODUCT Biscuits OBJECTIVE To compare the textural characteristics of the two different types of biscuit while utilizing parameters generated using penetration test BACKGROUND The textural characteristics of hygroscopic foods those which take up water from the atmosphere such as biscuits is of critical importance in the assessment of their quality The hardness of a sample is indicative of its freshness while the cr
5. Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 TA2 1000 60 CONE PROBE Clear Acrylic 15g 30mm Diameter 36mm L TA15 100 45 CONE PROBE Clear Acrylic 30mm Diameter Low mass for CT3100 TA15 1000 45 CONE PROBE Clear Acrylic 13g 30mm Diameter 40mm L TA16 40 CONE PROBE Clear Acrylic 29mm Diameter 41mm L TA17 30 CONE PROBE Clear Acrylic 8g 24mm Diameter 46mm L TA27 20 CONE PROBE Clear Acrylic 12 4mm Diameter TA29 15 CONE PROBE Stainless Steel 8mm Diameter TA32 100 90 CONE PROBE Clear Acrylic 30mm Diameter Low mass for CT3100 TA32 1000 90 CONE PROBE Clear Acrylic 30mm Diameter TA PCC PROBE CARRYING CASE For Texture Analyzer Probes And Or Calibration Weights Foam Insert Cut To Order Black Polypropylene 225mm L X 200mm W X 70mm H SPHERICAL PROBES included in TA P KIT2 TA8 6 35mm DIAMETER BALL PROBE Stainless Steel TA18 12 7mm BALL PROBE Stainless Steel 30g TA28 2mm DIAMETER BALL PROBE Stainless Steel TA31 Imm DIAMETER BALL PROBE Stainless Steel TA33 3mm DIAMETER BALL PROBE Stainless Steel Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 TA38 10mm DIAMETER BALL PROBE Stainless Steel TA43 25 4mm DIAMETER BALL PROBE Nylon 14g TA50 5mm DIAMETER BALL PROBE Surimi application MISCELLANEOUS PROBES included in TA P KIT2 included in TA P KIT3 TA DGA DUAL GRIP ASSEMBLY These are multipurpose general grips for tensile type testing The 25mm wide grips are fitted
6. Rad 35 43mm TA5 12 7mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE Black Delrin 5g 35mm Long Rad 35 43mm TA6 6 35mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE Black Delrin 20mm Long Rad 35 43mm Low mass for CT3100 Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 TA10 12 7mm CYLINDER PROBE Clear Acrylic 5g 35mm length with sharp edge Gelatin Bloom Probe TA11 100 25 4mm AOAC STANDARD CYLINDER PROBE Clear Acrylic 35mm Long Low mass for CT3100 TA11 1000 25 4mm AOAC STANDARD CYLINDER PROBE Clear Acrylic 21g 35mm Long TA19 1cm KOBE TEST PROBE Stainless Steel 11 3mm Diameter 25mm Long TA24 4mm DIAMETER ROD PROBE Black Delrin 20mm Long Flat End TA25 1000 50 8mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE Clear Acrylic 23g 20mm Long Rad 35 43mm TA35 5mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE Black Delrin 20mm Long TA36 7mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE Stainless Steel 35mm Long TA39 2mm DIAMETER ROD PROBE Stainless Steel 5g 20mm Long Flat End Margarine TA40 4 5mm DIAMETER ROD PROBE Stainless Steel 20 5mm Long Flat End Margarine TA41 6mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE Stainless Steel 7g 35mm Long TA42 3mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE Stainless Steel 35 8mm Long TA44 4mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE Stainless Steel 10g TA45 Imm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE Stainless Steel CONICAL PROBES included in TA P KIT2 TA2 100 60 CONE PROBE Clear Acrylic 30mm Diameter Low mass for CT3100 Brookfield Engineering Labs
7. testing to determine the best test method for your sample material IV 1 Sample Preparation The measurement of texture using the CT3 Texture Analyzer requires contact between the test probe and the sample The shape and surface of the sample may affect the measurement results Consider for example an orange the test of a peeled orange will likely give a different result from the test of a single wedge from the same fruit This is likely the same for any bulk material when compared to a neatly prepared cube of material Consideration should be given to the preparation of the sample to facilitate repeatability of the test For example a material that has a flat surface offers a consistent interface with the probe even if the material is not centered in the test fixture If your test sample is uneven part of the test method could be to cut shape modify the sample such that the sample is flat consider for example the difference between a loaf of bread versus a slice of bread IV 2 Test Probe Fixture The CT3 Texture Analyzer may be used with a wide variety of probes and fixtures Brookfield offers a set of standard items while also providing special design services Each type of probe offers benefits for certain sample types The following table provides some basic guidelines Although this table represents our general experience it is important to note that there are few established standard tests for physical measurements of texture The m
8. M6 Female Thread ACCESSORIES FOR ROTARY BASE TABLE TA RT KIT ROTARY BASE TABLE Round base table provides quick and easy height adjustment to accommodate various samples Accessories listed below are mounted onto this table to facilitate special sample holding requirements Includes pair of T bolts for securing table ALL ACCESSORY FIXTURES BELOW MOUNT ONTO ROTARY BASE TABLE TA ATT TA AVJ TA BEC TA JTPB ADHESIVE TACK TESTER Small scale assembly for testing adhesive strength Requires Rotary Base Table TA RT KIT ADJUSTABLE VICE JIG Small scale assembly for sample positioning Requires Rotary Base Table TA RT KIT BACK EXTRUSION CELL Small scale back extrusion testing consisting of 3 containers with internal dimensions of 38 1mm diameter 24mm deep includes one 25 4mm diameter probe Requires Rotary Base Table TA RT KIT JUNIOR THREE POINT BEND ASSEMBLY Small scale three point bend assembly for fracture test of brittle materials Probe used with this accy TA7 Knife Edge Blade is included in General Probe Kit TA P KIT2 Otherwise please order TA7 separately Requires Rotary Base Table TA RT KIT Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 TA JPA TA TBOLTS JUNIOR PUNCH ASSEMBLY Small scale accessory for controlled puncture testing of solid materials Probe used with this accy TA10 is included in General Probe Kit TA P KIT2 Otherwise order TA10 separately Requires Rotary Base Tabl
9. frequency of the calibration verification should be set in accordance to your company procedures Start the calibration verification process using the select scroll knob to set the test mode to Static Load and press the start button The display will request that you attach the hanger mount to the probe shaft 117 28 The display will change to show static load active parameters once the autozero process is complete Hanger Mount Primary hanger to which additional mass is added III 29 The Hanger is the first weight to be fixed to the Hanger Mount Figure III 30 Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 Attach the desired weight to the Hanger and record the load value from the display Multiple weights may be attached to the Hanger to achieve a range of test points A Do not apply excessive upward downward or sideways force to the Hanger Mount or Hanger while adding or removing weight This may damage the sensing mechanism of the CT3 As successive weights are added the CT3 will show the total weight which should be within the specified instrument tolerance shown in table III 2 The accuracy of the CT3 is defined by the rating of the load cell as detailed in Table HI 2 If the CT3 Texture Analyzer produces data outside of the acceptable range contact Brookfield or our authorized representative for information on repair calibration services see Appendix D for Brookfield locations Load Ra
10. hazardous environment ie ie In case of emergency turn off the instrument and then disconnect the electrical cord from the wall outlet Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Page 6 Manual No M 08 371A0708 A The user should ensure that the substances placed under test do not release poisonous toxic or flammable gases or liquids at the temperatures which they are subjected to during the testing 1 7 Key Functions The CT3 Texture Analyzer is operated through two keys and a knob located on the keypad Additionally there is an emergency stop button located above the base and to the right of the probe rod Display Select Scroll Reset Stop mO Start BROOKFIELD fi Probe amp Emergenc Adapter dp y O A Figure I 2 O RESET STOP This key is used to stop a test in progress and return to starting position RESET STOP START This key is used to start the test During the descent of the probe prior to the trigger peat point this key can be used to accelerate the rate of descent SeELecTscROLL SELECT SCROLL see section III 6 This knob has multiple functions 1 The knob is pressed to select the option currently highlighted 2 The knob is rotated to change the value of the parameter being selected 3 During a test pressing this knob will display test parameters 4 Holding knob depressed while turning on power will switch the load display units between grams and Newtons EMERGEN
11. individually For example to set a value of 57 0 as the target distance rotate the Select Scroll Knob until the D in Distance is blinking Depress the Select Scroll knob to get to the tens digit then rotate the knob to the value 5 Depress the Select Scroll knob again to get to the ones digit then rotate the knob to the value 7 Depress the Select Scroll knob to get to the tenths digit and depress it again to leave the value at 0 A data entry of zero in all columns for any parameter will result in that parameter being reset to the previous value Pressing the Select Scroll knob without first rotating it during the data entry process will result in a zero being placed in that column This can expedite the entry of Trigger values since in most cases the first one or two columns will be zero 004 0 grams Display Conventions The CT3 display contains four lines but some result screens contain additional lines of information In order to show more than four lines of information screens are allowed to scroll using the Scroll knob Scrollable screens are identified by the T symbols in the upper right corner of the display Whenever these symbols appear the display can be scrolled up or down as indicated to show the lines above or below those presently displayed In the following section describing test modes all possible displays are shown For those having more than four lines the additional lines are shown in grey text as
12. the sample then immediately returns to HOME starting position The operator sets the trigger value target deformation travel distance into the sample and the test speed using the Normal menu screen Fos Saad Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 A normal test performs a single compression cycle when the operator depresses the start button Beginning at the position where the trigger load is measured the probe descends at the programmed test speed to the target deformation then returns immediately to home starting position Return travel speed is 4 5mm s During the test the running screen is seen as shown below Figure II 7 Deformation and Load will remain live displays during the test Test results are shown on the reporting screen Figure 11 8 Peak load is reported as the maximum measured load during the test Deformation at peak is the distance to which the sample was compressed when the peak load occurred Work is defined as the area under the compression stroke and is reported in milli Joules Final load is the load at maximum deformation Often the peak load and final load will be the same value HOLD TIME TEST performs a single compression of the sample The sample remains compressed for programmed hold time before the probe returns to starting position The operator sets the hold time trigger value target deformation and test speed using the Hold Time menu screen A hold t
13. with rubber inserts to maximise contact adhesion with sample and are capable of holding rectangular samples up to 5mm thick Each grip clamps from both sides of sample with two opposing thumbscrews for precise alignment Includes one pair of T Bolts for mounting to base Base table kits are NOT USED with this fixture TA7 KNIFE EDGE Clear Acrylic 8g 60mm Wide TA9 NEEDLE PROBE Stainless Steel 1 0mm Diameter 43mm Long 10 Maximum Taper TA22 18SWG BAR FRAME PROBE Aluminium Frame 39mm Wide 1 2mm Dia TA23 12 7mm DIAMETER ROUND END PROBE Black Delrin 35mm Long TA26 0 33mm DIAMETER CUTTING WIRE PROBE Aluminium Frame 67g 40mm Wide Connects to M3 Male Thread TA46 TA CURD PROBE 5mm Stainless Steel 5mm dia disc 0 2 sq cm TA47 TA CURD PROBE 8mm Stainless Steel 8mm dia disc 0 5 sq cm TA48 TA CURD PROBE 10mm Stainless Steel 10mm dia disc 0 8 sq cm TA37 2 36mm DIAMETER CUTTING WIRE PROBE Aluminium Frame 40mm Wide Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 TA49 LFRA Train CT3 Train TA52 TA53 A 2 Fixtures 25 4mm DIAMETER ROUND END Clear Acrylic LFRA On Site Installation and Training one day on site time CT3 On Site Installation and Training one day on site time Small Scale MOHRS Shear Blade Includes one blade holder and five blades Blades are 9mm Wide x 35mm Length x 5mm Thick 33mm Dia Cutting Wire Probe Aluminum Frame 40 mm Wide Connects to
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15. 8 371A0708 Each test mode requires parameters to be set All test mode selection and parameter setting is done using the Select Scroll knob see figure 1 2 This knob is both rotated and depressed during operation NOTE When setting the test speed pressing the RESET button will toggle the increments from 0 1mm s to 1mm s The specific parameters required will depend upon the type of test chosen Normal Test requires trigger deformation speed Hold Time Test requires hold time trigger deformation speed Cycle Count Test requires cycle count trigger deformation speed Bloom Test requires All parameters are fixed according to industry standard TPA Test requires trigger deformation speed Tension Test requires trigger deformation speed Static Load Test requires none These parameters once set will be maintained by the CT3 during power down to facilitate re petitive testing The test mode used prior to powering down will be presented on the screen at the next power up A test is started by depressing the start button The test parameters are defined as follows Trigger The load in grams measured by the CT3 to indicate that the probe is in con tact with the sample Once the trigger value is reached the test will begin at the defined speed Brookfield recommends trigger values as specified in Table II 1 Deformation The total downward distance the probe will travel once the trigger value is reached Speed The s
16. BROOKFIELD CT3 TEXTURE ANALYZER Operating Instructions Manual No M 08 371A0708 SPECIALISTS IN THE MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL OF VISCOSITY with offices in Boston Chicago London Stuttgart Guangzhou BROOKFIELD ENGINEERING LABORATORIES INC 11 Commerce Boulevard Middleboro MA 02346 USA TEL 508 946 6200 or 800 628 8139 USA excluding MA Fax 508 946 6262 INTERNET http Awwubrookfieldengineering com TABLE OF CONTENTS SUNN gts en Red RAHI GS bannnan 3 1 1 COLIN POTN MALS eic e peu uacapnedunsbancdeaardadesndh E E aS aaa aO GE RENEE 3 12 WMG S ace peana e E E E A EEE A E E NATE 4 ES UDS E E E E 4 14 Specifications eeuse n a e E E a E 4 LS TS TAMI ATOM sicn anae a a a E E 5 LG Safety Symbols and Precaution sicotisssspacesoshcaedunss secassavantesdocsdoepathartusessnacasexiaconunacenons 6 1 7 Key Functioneren ea E E a E a E earla 7 I8 Clea iignonsunn aoe a A E REEN EE a E Ee 8 a EART anro rete ectecsseceecsscassoscscosssossesscssscuscassonscnscosconcsnccnscssccuccrsessceuscascansensenscancanssnsessesseetscsscenecascassensenseancenes 9 a E O poaren 10 MI Pinepine a E E E EEA ETATER 10 I 2 Emergency Stop sonrsiein irinse t e EEE EEE E a EEE RE EE REESS 10 I 3 Base Vala le zich sauces uea e a i a E E E A E 11 MV AL Probes E RSE E a EEE 12 MS FRES anesini e A E ER E E E EEEE 12 I 6 Operating Meni sresir otan n a e REE e E Ea EE EEEREN 12 M7 TRUM A Teslaning e a E a EE dE E EEEE 15 INNS Texture Loader SofWat Espisti
17. CY STOP This button is used to abort a test in case of an emergency condition Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 car D 1 USB Type B Port gt f am lt 3 Temperature Probe Plug 2 RS 232 Serial Port Tr D J o q lt 4 Power Entry Module lo LY d Power ON OFF Switch 7 l Figure I 3 1 USB TYPE B PORT Use with USB Cable P N DVP 202 to connect instrument to a computer Cable USB 2 0 A Male to B Male See Appendix D CT3 to Computer Command Set 2 RS 232 Serial Port Use with RS 232 Cable P N DVP 80 to connect instrument to a computer See Appendix D CT3 to Computer Command Set 3 Temperature Probe Plug 4 pin plug Use with Temperature Probe P N DVP 94Y 4 Power Entry Module ON OFF switch fused see I 2 Utilities Voltage 90 265 VAC 1 8 Cleaning Instrument and Keypad Clean with a dry nonabrasive cloth Do not use solvents or cleaners Probes and Fixtures Probes and fixtures are made from a variety of materials from metals stainless steel aluminum to plastics acrylic Black Delrin Nylon Clean with a nonabrasive cloth using solvents that are appropriate for both the sample material and the material of the probe and or fixture AN Do not apply excessive upward downward or sideways force to probe while fixed to CT3 Damage may occur to the load cell Brookfield Engineering Labs I
18. NS This applications section should be used as a guide to the development of techniques specific to your own application and requirements These notes are empirical in nature Deviation from the described test configurations parameter settings sample size shape formulation etc will result in deviations from the observations discussed in each application V 1 Comparison of Low Fat and Virtually Fat Free Yogurt Consistencies PRODUCT Low fat 1 and virtually fat free 0 05 natural yogurt OBJECTIVE Comparison of textural properties in order to identify differences between protein networks formed as an indication of product creaminess BACKGROUND The textural properties of yogurts are critical in determining consumer preference where variation in fat content of formulation has a direct influence on the sensory characteristics of the product The elevated Solids Not Fat SNF content of low fat yogurts forms strong casein casein bonds uncharacteristic in a full fat yogurt where homogenized fat globules are partly covered with casein facilitating protein protein interactions Fat becomes trapped within this protein network where it imparts a smooth creamy mouthfeel and spoonable glossy consistency characteristic of full fat yogurts Back Extrusion is an ideal method for the assessment of yogurts and other gelled semi solid foods This compression extrusion test consists of applying a force to the product until it flows through the spac
19. Positive Force HARDNESS Modulus Gradient from initial curve only Total Negative Area Adhesiveness Indication of Viscosity Total Positive Area Consistency Peak Negative Force ADHESIVE FORCE DISCUSSION Once the trigger is attained the force continues to increase until a surface fracture occurs The modulus changes at this point to a less steep gradient and the force nearly reaches a plateau The low fat sample appears much softer than the fat free having increased flow over the plunger with a visually less grainy and more glossy fluid appearance The softer set is characterized by the lower forces and areas of work measured as well as the shallower slope The softer set is also characterized by the failure to form sample fracture and the absence of peaks within the curve The fat free sample has a much steeper initial gradient and subsequently higher values for all measured parameters Its grainy set structure is characterized by the large number of peaks attained within the curve while the increased viscosity or spoonability is shown within the negative portion of the curve PARAMETER COLLECTION Peak force and work area under load curve will show on CT3 display when used as stand alone With an attached computer and TexturePro CT software modulus and many other parameters are available Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Page 27 Manual No M 08 371A0708 PARAMETERS HARDNESS Force necessary to attain a
20. a under the compression cycle Total energy required to penetrate the sample QUANTITY AND NUMBER OF FRACTURES Internal ruptures and fracture of sample as structure is broken Indicative of sample brittleness and internal bond strength Crispiness is an extremely complex parameter to quantify being a function of many artifact attributes This investigation has excluded the inclusion of number of peaks in order to simplify the equation employed however it should be noted that the number of internal factors is an important consideration when evaluating the force deformation profiles formed More comprehensive equations should include the calculation of peaks per mm penetration as well as the internal strength or bake characteristics of the product Results will be affected by a large number of factors including Biscuit composition Sample age Atmospheric exposure Positioning beneath probe closeness to sample edges Surface characteristics ee ee V 3 Review of Solid Chocolate at Ambient Temperature PRODUCT OBJECTIVE BACKGROUND LFRA SETTINGS PROBE REF Milk Chocolate single chunk 27 25mm x 7 92mm To determine the optimum penetration distance to detect hardness of solid chocolate tablet through the employment of penetration forces The CT3 is restricted to maximum force generation in the region of 1kg thus the relatively solid consistency of chocolate determined that a very small probe was utilized at minimal te
21. abuse Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Page 33 Manual No M 08 371A0708 Appendix A Probes Fixtures Calibration Accessories and Gelatin Accessories This section provides part numbers and detailed descriptions for the test probes and fixtures that can be used with your CT3 Texture Analyzer Also included is information on calibration accessories and the equipment used to perform gelatin Bloom tests A 1 Probes SELECTED PROBE KITS TA P KIT2 RECOMMENDED GENERAL PROBE KIT Includes the following probes 60 degree cone TA2 1000 12 7mm cylindrical BS std TA5 60mm wide knife edge TA7 1 0mm dia needle TA9 12 7mm cylindrical AACC std TA10 25 4mm cylindrical AOAC std TA11 1000 45 degree cone TA15 1000 30 degree cone TA17 12 7mm ball TA18 50 8mm cylinder TA25 1000 0 33mm cutting wire TA26 2mm rod TA39 38 1mm cylinder TA4 1000 6mm cylindrical TA41 25 4mm ball TA43 4mm cylinder TA44 and TA PCC TA P KIT3 CURD PROBE KIT Includes the following probes 5mm disc TA46 8mm disc TA 47 10mm disc TA48 and storage case CYLINDER ROD PROBES included in TA P KIT2 TA3 100 25 4mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE Clear Acrylic 35mm Long Rad 35 43mm Low mass for CT3100 TA3 1000 25 4mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE Clear Acrylic 35mm Long Rad 35 43mm TA4 100 38 1mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE Clear Acrylic 20mm Long Rad 35 43mm Low mass for CT3100 TA4 1000 38 1mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE Clear Acrylic 26g 20mm Long
22. ain objective is to characterize your material in a way that best represents its perception by human senses This is the essence of texture analysis Probe Type Typical Application Cylinder well defined samples with uniform surfaces general purpose TPA texture profile analysis Sphere samples with small scale variations on surface general purpose Cone samples with rigid outer layer Also used for penetrometry and spreadability Wire used for cutting or slicing samples such as cheese Magness Taylor used for puncturing often used for determining ripeness of fruit vegetables Extrusion Cell samples that can be made to flow general purpose Shear blades meat tenderness Table IV 1 Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 Within a probe category variations of geometry can be significant It may require a larger force to drive a cone of shallow angle as compared to a cone of steep angle Similarly a cylinder of large diameter may require a larger force than a cylinder of small diameter The selection of the probe type and size will affect the test result Keep hands fingers and other body parts clear of moving test probes when operating instrument IV 3 Test Parameters The CT3 Texture Analyzer will require the setting of several parameters depending upon the test method selected see Table III 1 In general the following relationships will hold true for Speed and Distance 1 The measured
23. e TA RT KIT Pair of T bolts with nuts and washers ACCESSORIES FOR FIXTURE BASE TABLE TA BT KIT FIXTURE BASE TABLE Rectangular base table with removable insert secured by two screws which is used as a test surface With insert removed all below accessories mount onto this table Pair of T bolts for securing table are included ALL ACCESSORY FIXTURES BELOW MOUNT ONTO FIXTURE BASE TABLE TA CJ TA DE TA DEC TA DGA TA DSJ CONFECTIONERY JIG Simple support jig used to permit the accurate positioning of irregular shaped samples beneath the travelling beam Requires Fixture Base Table TA BT KIT DOUGH EXTENSIBILITY JIG Comprising of 2 aluminium plates 1 with 25 4mm hole and 1 with 38 1mm hole complete with upper fixing plates to hold sample For use with TA18 1 2 inch ball probe and TA43 1 inch ball probe respectively Requires Fixture Base Table TA BT KIT DUAL EXTRUSION CELL FOR BOTH BACK AND FORWARD EXTRUSION Allows back extrusion and forward extrusion Cylindrical cell 40mm diameter and 50mm in depth Forces a semi solid sample through an outlet of known geometry Complete with 4 plungers of 34mm 36mm 38mm and 39 9mm in diameter and interchangeable base plates with apertures of 8mm 6mm 4mm 2mm and one blank Requires Fixture Base Table TA BT KIT DUAL GRIP ASSEMBLY These are multipurpose general jigs for tensile type testing The fixtures utilize a universal fitting enabling 360 rotation for comprehensive
24. e between the probe perimeter and the container A wide range of complex forces are generated However the test gives good measures of peak force and area of work during compression indicative of the strength of the gel and product consistency These forces may also be recorded in reverse on the negative portion of the force time curve where they are indicative of sample viscosity CT3 SETTINGS MODE Normal TRIGGER see table II 2 DISTANCE 30mm or appropriate for your container SPEED 1mm s PROBE REF TA4 38 1mm Perspex Cylinder or larger if your container allows METHOD Samples were removed from refrigerated conditions of 5 C and centrally positioned beneath the probe within the container in which they were packed Tests were conducted at ambient conditions of 18 2 C while the test temperature of the low fat yogurt was 8 7 C and the virtually fat free was 7 9 C It was essential that a sufficient distance circa 20mm was left between the sample surface and the base of the probe This was left to ensure that a complete break between probe sample interface was made during probe retraction so that adhesiveness characteristics could be evaluated Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 NOTE Samples were tested with original containers as supplied Use of different dimension holding vessels will change results obtained therefore operators must be consistent with the test setup used READING Q Peak
25. e to the instrument could result Contact repair services immediately Probe won t attach e Check thread on probe and probe shaft remove any dirt Rotary Base table won t move e Ensure locking knob is loose e Ensure fine adjust nut is loose Rotary Base table will not travel to the lowest position e Loosen fine adjust nut and rotate base table e Locate table in center of T slot Instrument is unsteady e Ensure that bench top is stable e Adjust the CT3 feet Probe doesn t move when start is pressed e Ensure emergency stop button is not pressed in rotate clockwise e Ensure test mode is not Static Load e Ensure probe is not in contact with sample or base table Display shows REMOTE OPERATION e This will always show when the computer interface cable is connected to the CT3 To use the CT3 without the computer program the serial cable must be disconnected Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Page 43 Manual No M 08 371A0708 Appendix C Texture Loader Programming OVERVIEW Texture Loader software is provided to allow you to create on a PC and download into the CT3 up to ten test methods specific to your product You may set up any CT3 test Normal Hold Time Cycle TPA or Tension with test parameters specific to your product Your product name may even appear as the test name subject to an eight character limit There are ten memory slots for such programs available in the CT3 labeled 0 9 All memory slots containi
26. e warranty service Transportation is at the purchaser s expense For repair or service in the United States return to Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc 11 Commerce Boulevard Middleboro MA 02346 U S A Telephone 508 946 6200 FAX 508 923 5009 www brookfieldengineering com For repair or service outside the United States consult Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc or the dealer from whom you purchased the instrument For repair or service in the United Kingdom return to Brookfield Viscometers Limited 1 Whitehall Estate Flex Meadow Pinnacles West Harlow Essex CM19 5TJ United Kingdom Telephone 44 27 945 1774 FAX 44 27 945 1775 www brookfield co uk For repair or service in Germany return to Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Vertriebs GmbH Hauptstrasse 18 D 73547 Lorch Germany Telephone 49 7172 927100 FAX 49 7172 927105 www brookfield gmbh de For repair or service in China return to Guangzhou Brookfield Viscometers and Texture Instruments Service Company Ltd Room C1 5 F Tianxing Building East Tower No 21 Zhongshan Yi Road Yuexiu District Guangzhou 510600 P R China Telephone 86 20 3760 0548 FAX 86 20 3760 0548 www brookfield com cn On site service at your facility is also available from Brookfield Please contact our Service Department in the United States United Kingdom Germany or China for details Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Page 47 Manual No M 08 37
27. es TA CW 100C CALIBRATION WEIGHT SET 100g WITH CASE amp CERTIFICATE Set of weights total mass 100g to be used to check calibration of the 100g LFRA Texture Analyzer Includes verification certificate traceable to NIST standards TA CW 1000C CALIBRATION WEIGHT SET 1000g WITH CASE amp CERTIFICATE Set of weights total mass 1000g to be used to check calibration of the 1000g LFRA Texture Analyzer Includes verification certificate traceable to NIST standards TA CW 1500C CALIBRATION WEIGHT SET 1500g WITH CASE amp CERTIFICATE Set of weights total mass 1500g to be used to check calibration of the 1500g CT3 Texture Analyzer Includes verification certificate traceable to NIST standards TA CW 4500C CALIBRATION WEIGHT SET 4500g WITH CASE amp CERTIFICATE Set of weights total mass 4500g to be used to check calibration of the 4500g CT3 Texture Analyzer Includes verification certificate traceable to NIST standards TA CW 10KGC CALIBRATION WEIGHT SET 10kg WITH CASE amp CERTIFICATE Set of weights total mass 10kg to be used to check calibration of the 10kg CT3 Texture Analyzer Includes verification certificate traceable to NIST standards TIA 8013 HANGER MOUNTING RING Used to hang calibration weights Included with each weight set Replacements may be ordered with this number CCSCT3 Calibration amp Certification Service for CT3 A 4 Gelatin Accessories TA GBB 2 BROOKFIELD GELATIN BLOOM BOTTLE KIT 12 pcs One dozen Bro
28. ewtons These forces are a function of the properties of the sample and the parameters of the test method There are five load cell ranges available for the CT3 Texture Analyzer offered by Brookfield Model Load Cell Range CT3 100 0 1kg or 100g CT3 1000 1 0kg CT3 1500 1 5kg CT3 4500 4 5kg CT3 10k 10 0kg 1 1 Components Please check to be sure that you have received all components and that there is no damage If you are missing any parts please notify Brookfield Engineering or your local Brookfield agent immediately Any shipping damage must be reported to the carrier Component Part Number Quantity CT3 Texture Analyzer varies 1 Operating Manual M08 371 1 USB Cable DVD 202 1 Power Cord 1 115 Volt or DVP 65 1 230 Volt DVP 66 TextureLoader CD CD Prog A 1 Probe Adapter M6 to M3 Threads TAS1 1 Optional Probe varies per order Temperature Probe DVP 94Y 1 Rotary Base Table TA RT KIT 1 Fixture Base Table TA BT KIT 1 Bloom Strip CT3 CS 100 or l CT3 CS 1000 Calibration Weight Set TA varies 100C 1000C 1500C 4500C 10kgC 1 Standard Probe Kit TA P KIT2 1 TexturePro CT Software TA CT PRO l NOTE Optional components may include probes or fixtures See Appendix A for details Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 1 2 Utilities Input Voltage 90 265 VAC Input Frequency 50 60 Hz Power Consumption 150 VA Fuse Two 4 amp 5 x 20mm Time lag Power Cord Color Code United States Outside United S
29. given deformation WORK Internal strength of bonds within a product Total Positive Area ADHESIVENESS Work necessary to overcome attractive forces Total Negative Area between surface of the food and the materials with which it comes into contact ADHESIVE FORCE Force required to pull probe from sample suction MODULUS Ratio of stress divided by strain during the first compression cycle e g the slope of the force deformation curve It is representative of sample rigidity RESULTS LOW FAT FAT FREE MODULUS g mm 7 0 15 7 HARDNESS g 122 227 WORK mJ 1592 7 3199 9 ADHESION mJ 246 4 522 6 ADHESIVE FORCE g 58 112 BREAK LOAD g 122 223 CONCLUSIONS Creaminess of samples was evaluated as a comparison between low fat and fat free samples This is a comparative measure between two samples but does give good indication of the effect of formulation on the protein protein network and resulting gel set Such a test would be excellent both within the Quality and Development environments where product matching as well as process control could be facilitated The modulus values are also considerably different where the higher values for the fat free fat product denote the firmer more bound consistency of the product EMPIRICAL Test conditions which will affect results generated FACTORS 1 Sample size 2 Sample age 3 Sample temperature 4 Base and edge effects 5 Sample container and or test probe employed
30. he chocolate coated sample due to surface characteristics A range of internal fractures are then recorded as the probe progresses to the target deformation of 3 mm The level of peaks within the sample are indicative of crispiness e g harder samples showed greater fracture force and were thus considered as being more crispy The overall force deformation curve highlights various peaks and troughs as the aerated structure of the sample is penetrated peaks may be caused through the presence of sugar crystals or where the probe makes contact with air pockets within the dough structure The overall positive area of the curve is indicative of sample hardness as is peak force and may be taken as a direct indication of bake conditions imposed e g hotter oven or longer residence time produces a harder biscuit within a sample batch As two different varieties of biscuit were evaluated the overall hardness characteristics were considered to be the result of variations in formulation composition and process conditions imposed Please note that if inclusions such as chocolate chips or oats are in the biscuit they will contribute directly to result fluctuations PARAMETER COLLECTION Use with TexturePro CT software is necessary to obtain fracture calculations Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 PARAMETERS CONCLUSIONS EMPIRICAL FACTORS HARDNESS Load detected at highest peak during compression WORK Integrated are
31. he first compression TENSION TEST this test can be used to pull apart a sample usually using grip fixtures to apply tension load on the sample The operator sets the trigger value target deformation and the test speed using the Tension menu screen Be sure grips or other sample fixtures are secure and aligned then press START The Scroll Select knob now becomes a tool for adjusting the position of the grips so that the sample can be clamped Rotate knob to move Imm click or hold knob down to descend at 4 5mm s The deformation value shown in this screen is the current distance from the top Home position and as such shows how much travel is possible once the test begins Be sure this value is greater than the sum of the distance necessary to reach the trigger plus the programmed target deformation When clamping the sample try to exert only minimal lateral loads on the probe shaft Pressing Start as shown below will start the test SPE Cape ae ag a i Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 During the test the running screen is seen as shown below III 25 Deformation and Load will remain live displays during the test When deformation reaches the target value the test stops Test results are shown on the reporting screen 111 26 Peak load is the maximum load measured during the test Temperature at peak load is only shown if temperature probe is used Def Peak is the sample deformat
32. he trigger value target deformation travel distance into the sample and the test speed using the TPA menu screen The operator depresses the start button to begin the test In a TPA test the compression and return strokes of both cycles occur at the programmed test speed Target deformation for both cycles begins at the trigger position of the first cycle During the test the running screen is seen as shown below TIT 19 TPA cycles will count down to show the number of cycles remaining Deformation and Load will remain live displays during the test Test results are shown on the reporting screen 111 20 Hardness1 is the peak load of the first compression cycle Hardness is the peak load of the second compression cycle Cohesiveness is the ratio of A2 A1 A2 is the area under the compression stoke of the second cycle and A1 is the area under the compression stoke of the first cycle If the structure of the sample is completely destroyed on the first compression this ratio is zero If the sample is perfectly elastic and not damaged at all by the first compression this ratio is 1 0 Most food products will fall somewhere in between 0 and 1 Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 Springiness is a measure of how far the sample returns after being compressed to the target deformation Adhesiveness is a measure of stickiness and is calculated as the area under the negative peak as probe withdraws after t
33. ime test performs a single compression cycle when the operator depresses the start button The test runs at the programmed test speed to the target deformation then holds at this position while monitoring sample load for the programmed hold time The countdown clock shows remaining hold time During the test the running screen is seen as shown below Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 Pas iy 1 10 Deformation and Load will remain live displays during the test When the countdown clock reaches zero the probe returns to home starting position at 4 5mm s Test results are shown on the reporting screen E TRIC pr PENH eel HL 11 Peak load usually occurs at the target deformation but may occur before the target is reached Final load is the load recorded at the end of the hold time and is usually lower than the peak due to sample relaxation CYCLE COUNT TEST performs a programmed number of compression cycles upon a sample The operator sets the number of cycles trigger value target deformation and test speed using the Cycle Count menu screen 0 12 When the operator depresses the start button the cycle count test performs multiple compressions on a sample at the programmed test speed to the target deformation then returns immediately to home starting position Return travel speed for each cycle is the same as compression speed During the test the running screen is seen as shown below
34. ion at the peak load The trigger position is the zero deformation reference point Work is the area under the load curve and is measured in milli joules Final load is the load at the target deformation NOTE It is not possible to perform tension tests with the 100g load cell 111 8 TEXTURE LOADER SOFTWARE See Appendix C for details Texture Loader software was supplied with your CT3 on the bundled software CD After installing this software into a computer you can add up to 10 additional test programs to the CT3 menu based upon any one of the test methods described above For example suppose you routinely test rye bread using a TPA test with a trigger value of 5g deformation of 18mm and a test speed of 3mm s You can create a test called RYE with these test parameters After downloading this test to the CT3 you will see the RYE test appear in the display as you scroll through the test methods The Texture Loader program is supplied as a convenience for our customers who routinely run tests with established parameters Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Page 21 Manual No M 08 371A0708 111 9 Checking Calibration The load calibration of the CT3 Texture Analyzer can be verified using the Static Load mode We recommend that you use the Brookfield weight set appropriate for your CT3 load range BEL Part No Load Range TA CW 100C 100 gram TA CW 1000C 1000 gram TA CW 1500C 1500 gram TA CW 4500C 4500 gram TA CW 10KGC 10kg The
35. ispiness parameter evaluated within this investigation characterizes its inner crumb structure and bake characteristics The test may be employed as part of any quality control procedure whether that is to evaluate staling of product life bake characteristics through quantification of hardness at different points within the biscuits circumference or any other application specific to your organization CT3 SETTINGS MODE Normal TRIGGER See table II 1 DISTANCE 3mm SPEED 0 5mm s PROBE REF 2 mm stainless steel cylinder probe REF TA39 Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 METHOD Biscuits approximately 6 mm thick were located beneath the probe and clamped to the analyzer bed using low pressure clips The probe then penetrated sample to target distance and the profile of characteristics was recorded through the interface package READING X Quantity of Fractures Y N Hardness gt H Calculate mean of all values Hay Fracture Point Final Distance H Hay Indication of Crispiness Crispiness becomes a function of hardness Relate the mean value of peaks obtained to the original hardness value Empirically our investigations highlighted that higher values of the ratio were indicative of increased crispiness DISCUSSION As the probe travels through the sample an initial fracture of the surface is recorded This fracture is greater in relation to other peaks within t
36. load tends to increase as the test speed increases 2 The measured load tends to increase as the compression distance increases An exception to this could be a material with an outer layer such as an apple or one that fractures The Trigger Point establishes the minimum load required to begin the test This is how the CT3 knows when the probe is touching the sample This parameter should be set to a low value for a material with a very delicate outer layer Trigger value depends upon you load cell Minimum recommendations are shown in Table II 2 The Hold Time allows for monitoring the response of a material as it is held compressed Normally an increase in the Hold Time will result in a lower measured value as the sample relaxes The Cycle Count provides a way of working a sample by compressing it repeatedly and monitoring its response IV 4 Recommendations The test results of a texture measurement are very dependent on both sample preparation and the test method When developing a method Brookfield recommends that each parameter be varied in turn to determine its effect on the results Note vary only one parameter at a time Once this information is considered and a method established the method should be documented in significant detail This will ensure good repeatability of results and good comparison with others who attempt to duplicate your method Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 V APPLICATIO
37. m OTMS An acrylic fronted test cell and corresponding plunger are used to compress and extrude samples Test samples are extruded by the travelling plunger Complete With 3 Plates and 2 Plungers for forward and back extrusion Requires Fixture Base Table TA BT KIT VOLODKEVITCH BITE JAWS Compression test used to simulate the shearing action of the front incisors as they bite through a food item generating an indication of sample toughness or fibrousness Consisting of both upper and lower jaws the compressive movement of the travelling beam imitates the human biting action Requires Fixture Base Table TA BT KIT WIRE SHEAR PLATE Aluminium plate with aperture to pass wire cutting blade through for shear type testing Includes TA 53 cutting wire probe Requires Fixture Base Table TA BT KIT SET OF 4 SHEAR BLADES Including Warner Bratzler test jig complete with slotted base The blade set includes four shear blades firmly held within a specially designed blade holder The jig is utilized in the measurement of shearing and cutting forces as the blades pass through a sample Requires Fixture Base Table TA BT KIT COMPRESSION TOP PLATE Rectangular plate 150mm X 100mm used for compressing large samples Fixture Base Table TA BT KIT is normally used to support sample while testing with this large compression plate T BOLT 2 THUMBNUT 2 Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 A 3 Calibration Accessori
38. nc Manual No M 08 371A0708 Il QUICK START 1 Unpack the instrument according to Section I 5 2 Install base table in accordance with the instruction sheet that is enclosed with the base table Place the sample on the base table Adjust the table height so that the surface of the sample is within 5 mm of the probe 3 Attach the selected probe See Section IV 2 for more information 4 Set the test mode to Normal Please review section III 6 for detailed explanation of operation of Select Scroll knob 5 Set the trigger value as recommended below Load Cell Recommended Minimum Trigger Value 100g Table II 1 6 Set the test speed and distance See Section IV 3 for more information 7 Press the START button The weight of the probe will autozero and then the test will start 8 Record all test results 9 Remove sample and clean the probe Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Page 9 Manual No M 08 371A0708 Ill OPERATION lll 1 Principle The Brookfield CT3 Texture Analyzer can be operated in either compression or tension modes In compression mode a probe moves slowly at pretest speed until a threshold value the trigger is reached The probe then moves a set distance at a set speed into the sample material that is placed or fixed on the base table The load is continuously monitored as a function of both time and distance until the probe again returns to its starting position In tension mode the sample is t
39. ng tests will appear in sequence as the SELECT SCROLL knob is rotated Memory slots can later be hidden by erasing a test using the Erase Test button when its Test No is selected Texture Loader 1 0 S fe Send Test f Erase Test Port 9 Load Cell 4500g f User defined test Test Parameters Test mode Trigger Load 5 g f Normal Test no 5 v Deformation 150 mm C Hold to time k Name Jam B Cycle to count Test Speed 5 mmis C TPA C Tension Enter the test name You may enter upto 8 characters You must not use empty as part of the name Test Name D Documents and Settings tester My Documents LT Texture TXTHOST6 OPERATION OF TEXTURE LOADER The supplied communication cable USB or RS232 must be connected to both the CT3 and any valid port on your computer Turn on the CT3 select StandAlone mode and rotate the SELECT SCROLL knob to DOWNLOAD TEST FROM PC Start TextureLoader software Be sure to select the correct load cell of your CT3 and choose the correct communications port on your computer You are now ready to create and load custom programs into your CT3 Texture Analyzer Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 User defined test window 1 Test mode Choose the type of test you wish to create 2 Test Number Select from the list the number of the memory slot in the CT3 where you wish to load the test 3 Name Enter the name of test as you wish it to appear
40. nge Load Accuracy Model Grams CT3 100g 0 100g 0 5 CT3 1000g 0 1 000g 5 0 CT3 1500g 0 1 500g 7 5 CT3 4500g 0 4 500g 22 5 CT310kg 0 10kg 50 Table IlI 2 Example of Calibration Verification A 4500 gram CT3 Texture Analyzer according to Table III 2 has an accuracy of 22 5 grams The spreadsheet shown below can be used to easily evaluate a calibration check using the appropriate Brookfield calibration weight set Calibration Spreadsheet CT3 TEXTURE ANALYZER serial 6514047 Load Cell Capacit 4500 1 2 3 4 5 Load Cell Accuracy Mass 999 84 994 04 993 96 994 05 497 12 22 5g Serial 59 87 92 106 153 Weight Difference 1 999 84 0 3 1 F ay 2016 38 0 4 1 7 84 5 3010 34 0 3 1 2 3 amp 4 3981 89 w oa 1 5 4479 00 i pe 4456 51 5 4501 51 0 5 INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE The Calibration workbook can be downloaded from our website www brookfieldengineering com Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Page 23 Manual No M 08 371A0708 IV TEST METHOD DEVELOPMENT The measurement results provided by the CT3 Texture Analyzer will be dependent on several factors relating to the sample the test probe and the test parameters A variation on any of these elements may result in a change in measurement results For good test repeatability it is suggested that a clear and complete test method be developed The following sections describe these elements Brookfield suggests that your method development include some trial and error
41. nt nut and rotating the table will raise or lower the test surface to give even more range to the height adjustment Always hold the Rotary Base Table with one hand while loosening the Locking Knob This will prevent the Rotary Base Table from falling abruptly to the CT3 housing Keep fingers away from the Fine Adjust Nut when lowering the Rotary Base Table to prevent a pinch injury Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 Fixture Base Table The Fixture Base Table P N TA BT KIT is a rectangular test surface with a removable center Many of the test fixtures fit into this center area so this table becomes the mounting base for these sample test fixtures The Fixture Base Table is supplied with a variety of extension legs to set the test surface at the correct height for all accessory fixtures Some disassembly is required to add or remove extension legs by loosening the Phillips head bolts in the underside of the base table 111 4 Probes There are a wide range of probes available for use with the CT3 Texture Analyzer as described in Appendix A One should always be aware that the probe chosen will have an impact upon the test result Choice of a probe must be made with consideration toward the purpose of the test and the nature of the sample The probes may be cleaned while attached to the CT3 Follow recommendations in Section 1 8 JN Always attach probes only finger tight to prevent thread damage Do not apply
42. o attain a given deformation WORK Internal strength of bonds within a product ADHESIVENESS Work necessary to overcome attractive forces between surface of the food and materials as the probe retracts ADHESION Maximum negative load stickiness PARAMETER UNIT 2mm 4mm 6mm HARDNESS g 334 722 1159 WORK g mm 3192 3 1278 6 23878 9 ADHESIVENESS g mm 0 4 4 1 180 ADHESION g 18 60 15 1 where gs work NOTE Adhesion forces give greatest differentiation Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 CONCLUSIONS This empirical procedure generates key information related to chocolate hardness and consistency while additional information relating to adhesion is also acquired Adhesion forces were not considered paramount to the investigation due to difficulties in imitating oral mastication properties A penetration depth of 4mm approx 50 deformation or strain was considered optimum in generating key profile data and is recommended for future investigation using the 1500g CT3 where prevention of upload forces is critical EMPIRICAL Test conditions will be affected by FACTORS 1 Sample temperature 2 Proximity of test holes within sample 3 Ambient temperatures 4 Base effects where probe compresses against analyzer test bed Rheology of chocolate is influenced by 1 Cocoa solids content 2 Cocoa butter content 3 Solid fat content 4 Crystal modification acting as an indication of temperature
43. okfield gelatin bloom sample bottles w BEL logo bottle holds 120ml volume and includes TA SBS stoppers GELATIN BATH PREPARATION SYSTEM Gelatin Preparation Bath System Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 TC 402D qty2 TC 351D qty1 System is used by attaching TC 351 to one TC 402D bath set to 10C Second TC 402D bath is set to 60C providing rapid transfer between the thermal environments necessary for conditioning gelatin for Bloom testing Each bath has 29L reservoir and capacity for twelve 12 gelatin jars and a removable rack for easy handling 21L of water is required for proper fluid level with rack and 12 bloom jars TA SB BROOKFIELD SAMPLE BOTTLES 6 pcs Alternative sample bottle similar to TA BSB Order stoppers TA SBS separately TA SBS BROOKFIELD RUBBER STOPPERS 12 pcs Rubber stoppers for TA SB Brookfield Sample Bottles CT3 CS 100 BLOOM TEST STRIP For use with 100g CT3 Texture Analyzer to check load calibration CT3 CS 1000 BLOOM TEST STRIP For use with 1000g amp 1500g CT3 Texture Analyzer to check load calibration Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 Appendix B Troubleshooting If no power to the instrument Check e User replaceable fuses two 2 fuses 4 amp 5 x 20mm time lag located behind removable red color panel just above switch e Fuses located within power entry module on the rear of the instrument e If fuses blow continually serious damag
44. on the screen of the CT3 Test Parameters window Enter the desired test parameters The specific test parameters available will vary depending upon the test mode chosen Now that you have created the test you may 1 Save test if desired by clicking on diskette icon button 2 Click Send Test button to download the test to the CT3 3 If you decide to change a parameter in a test that has been downloaded to the CT3 you can make the change and download the test to the same memory slot in the CT3 This will overwrite the initial program Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Page 45 Manual No M 08 371A0708 APPENDIX D CT3 to Computer Command Set Serial RS 232 Communications Parameters Baud Rate 115200 Data Bits 8 Stop Bits 1 Parity None Handshake None No Connection No Connection Receive Data RxD No Connection Transmit Data TxD No Connection Cable Sensing Cable Sensing Serial Ground Pins 4 and 5 are used to sense presence of serial cable USB Type B Port Communications Parameters PIN 1 POWER PIN 3 Data PIN 2 Data PIN 4 Cable Gnd Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 Appendix E Warranty and Repair Service Brookfield Texture Analyzers are guaranteed for one year from date of purchase against defects in materials and workmanship The Texture Analyzer must be returned to Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc or the Brookfield dealer from whom it was purchased for no charg
45. peed at which the probe will travel the specified distance Time The number of seconds that the probe will be held at the defined distance during a Hold Time test Count The number of cycles Speed and Distance that will be applied to the sample during a Cycle Count test All parameters can be set within the ranges shown in Table III 1 Load Cell Range Parameter 100g 1000g 1500g 4500g 10k Trigger 0 1 10g 0 1 100g 0 2 150g 0 5 500g 1 0 1000g Deformation 0 1 101 6mm 0 1 101 6mm 0 1 101 6mm 0 1 101 6mm 0 1 101 6mm Speed 0 01 10mm s 0 01 10mm s 0 01 10mm s 0 01 10mm s_ 0 01 10mm s Hold Time 0 9999s 0 9999s 0 9999s 0 9999s 0 9999 s Cycle Count 0 99 0 99 0 99 0 99 0 99 Minimum recommended values for trigger are shown in table II 1 Table II 1 Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Page 13 Manual No M 08 371A0708 Define a test by first selecting a test mode Rotate the Select Scroll knob until the required test mode is displayed then press the Select Scroll knob to confirm your choice As the test modes are displayed the parameters specific to that mode will be shown with the previously selected parameters Once a test mode is selected the cursor will move to the first parameter You may either select that parameter to enter new values by pressing the Select Scroll knob or you may scroll to the next parameter by rotating the Select Scroll knob Data entry is accomplished by setting each digit
46. rt USB Port Environmental 0 C to 40 C temperature range 41 F to 104 F Conditions 20 80 relative humidity non condensing atmosphere Use Intended for indoor use only Altitude up to 2000m Dimensions 10 5 x 10 5 x 24 Weight 37 lbs 16 8 kg 1 5 Installation 1 Prepare a clean level surface NOTE This instrument is a sensitive load measuring device It should be installed on a clean solid level bench surface which is free from external vibrations 2 Unpack and remove the CT3 Texture Analyzer from the shipping container AN The CT3 Texture Analyzer weighs 16 8 kg 37 pounds Use caution when lifting the unit out of the packaging 3 Place the CT3 Texture Analyzer on a sturdy level surface Adjust the four feet to ensure that the instrument is stable 4 Remove any additional components from the shipping package Save the shipping container and packaging for future use 5 Install base table using the supplied pair of T bolts and thumbscrews Position the base table so that it is approximately centered under the probe More accurate alignment may be required for certain fixtures 6 Make sure that the AC power switch at the rear of the CT3 Texture Analyzer is in the OFF position Connect the power cord to the socket on the back panel ofthe instrument and plug it into the appropriate AC line Position instrument so that the power OM cord can be removed easily A The AC input voltage and frequenc
47. seen in figure II 3 Load shown in grams Load show in Newtons Figure II 3 Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 Ill 7 Running A Test A test is initiated by depressing the start button The operator is reminded to attach a probe then press start again to zero the weight of the probe and begin the test Figure 1 4 Depressing the Select Scroll knob at any time during the test or even while test results are displayed will show the current test parameters At the completion of the test the final results will be displayed until the start button or rest button is pressed The reset button will return the instrument to the default display where the test mode may be selected The start button will begin the same test again A test may be repeated simply by depressing the start button while viewing test results The test may be stopped at any time by using the stop reset button or by pressing the emergency stop button We recommend that the stop reset button be used for normal operation The emergency top is intended for emergency use only It may happen that the instrument overloads during a test This will happen if the load exceeds 120 of the load cell capacity When an overload condition occurs the display will show the following Figure II 5 Depressing the reset button will return to the test mode menu Correct the reason for the overload and retest NORMAL TEST performs a single compression of
48. setting the emergency stop 3 A sequence of menus then leads user back to the home position Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Page 10 Manual No M 08 371A0708 Ill 3 Base Table The CT3 Texture Analyzer offers two options for Base Tables on which the test sample is placed Both tables should be secured to the slotted base of the CT3 with thumbscrews and T bolts This design provides ample adjustment side to side and front to back to correctly align fixtures and position a wide range of samples for testing NOTE Always be sure all position and height adjustments are securely locked before start ing every test EEE TEXTURE ANALYZER ECES Texture ANALYZER O BROOKFIELD Rotary Base Table Fine Adjustment Nut Fixture Base Table Locking Knob 2 amp Figure II 2 See Appendix A for fixtures which can be used with each Base Table Rotary Base Table The Rotary Base Table P N TA RT KIT is a disc shaped surface and should always be centered under the probe when conducting compression tests There are two methods of adjusting the height in order to place the sample close to the probe for testing The locking knob on the base of the Rotary Table allows quick height adjustment just unlock the knob raise or lower the table then lock it into position The table is also mounted on a threaded shaft held securely with a fine adjustment nut Unlocking the fine adjustme
49. st speed This permitted a flow of molecules within the sample and minimized the forces generated while maximizing the force deformation profile of the product MODE NORMAL TRIGGER See table II 1 SPEED 0 1 mm s DISTANCE 2 4 or 6mm Stainless steel needle probe 10 Taper Ref TA9 Confectionery holding rig TA CJ Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 METHOD READING DISCUSSION PARAMETER COLLECTION PARAMETERS RESULTS Samples were removed from wrappers and broken into individual chunks The individual chocolate piece was then held within jaws of confectionery holder clamped to adjustable bed of CT3 approximately 2mm below surface probe HARDNESS Peak ve Force CONSISTENCY Total ve Area ADHESION Total ve Area Peak ve Force Note Graph shows continuation of penetration at 2mm 4mm and 6mm parameter values recorded at set points for each penetration depth Force deformation curves generated indicate a linear relationship between forces generated and depth of penetration It was therefore recommended that the 4mm mid penetration value is utilized to permit evaluation of a range of chocolate types thus enabling comparison of a range of results All parameters are automatically calculated within the a test report once they are selected on the test results tab Thus calculate parameters for each curve individually and record results HARDNESS Force necessary t
50. taaier ai k sa E aiaei 21 I 9 Checking Calibrations irissen ern a a aea a E E E E E TEE 22 IV TEST METHOD DEVELOPMENT 0 c cesccscscscsscssccscosscsscosconscascosssncsnsctscssecnscsscescenscancancenscascancsnsctscsssenscsscescenscancancenseaseenes 24 IV 1 Sample Prepar acon ajcces shcactronssedisdeaasansscaceioss aqivesssncasaniandaviessieaseeeeandaionaGanaunes 24 TYV2 Test Probe Pine ys ccs stsaccayshaccansasateucheiuncc iaaea O a EEEE EEEN TEE E ANEETA 24 IV 3 Test P aramieteTS crniai e iei ae a e EAE R E aaa ENER 25 IV 4 R ecommendationg sssini a a E Ea EEEE EE EEEE 25 a a EE ORT ON Borner E 26 V 1 Comparison of Low Fat and Virtually Fat Free Yogurt Consistencies ccccee 26 V 2 A Comparison of the Textural Characteristics of Biscuits Cookies ccceeeeeeeeeee 29 V 3 Review of Solid Chocolate Tablet at Ambient Temperature ceeeceecseeeteeeteeeeees 31 Appendix A Probes Fixtures Calibration Accessories and Gelatin Accessories eeeeeeees 34 PREV Probes siadscasissicdedesandsatensaivawlanedebedesaoevackanctautseaneasiedsnnds E R E ETSA 34 PS FUTURES A E 38 Aud Calibr tion ACCESSORIES lt 53ccsacsrdavadssiccacdsseccapssnpedesteancayedeadecasdeasaxesssshedeedseduadsanecaneennced 41 AA Gelatin ACCES SOT ICS essri oses aiaee oarra O E E EEEN EEE PERENE LEEPER A EE 41 Appendix B Troubles hooti saavcaseravressseavicesagivwad israse rn aE R N E A EEan 43 Appendix C Texture Loader Programming
51. tates Hot live Black Brown Neutral White Blue Ground earth Green Green Yellow Main supply voltage fluctuations are not to exceed 10 of the nominal supply voltage 1 3 Units The CT3 Texture Analyzer uses the SI system of units for all parameters Parameter Unit Abbreviation Load Grams or Newtons gorN Deformation Millimeter mm Time Seconds s Speed Millimeter per second mm s Work MilliJoules mJ 1 4 Specifications Load Range Resolution Model Grams Grams Accuracy CT3 100 0 100 0 01 0 5 FSR CT3 1000 0 1000 0 10 0 5 FSR CT3 1500 0 1500 0 20 0 5 FSR CT3 4500 0 4500 0 50 0 5 FSR CT3 10kg 1 10000 1 0 0 5 FSR FSR Full Scale Range This value applies to the full range of operating temperatures as defined in Section 1 4 Environmental Conditions Accuracy will be greatly improved when the instrument is operated in a stable ambient temperature Trigger Point Range Resolution Model Grams Grams CT3 100 0 1 10 0 01 CT3 1000 0 2 100 0 10 CT3 1500 0 2 150 0 2 CT3 4500 0 5 500 0 5 CT3 10k 1 1000 1 0 Recommended trigger value settings are given in Table II 1 Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 Speed 0 01 to 0 1 mm s in increments of 0 01 mm s 0 1 to 10 mm s in increments of 0 1 mm s Accuracy 0 1 of set speed Position Range 0 101 6 mm Resolution 0 1mm Accuracy 0 1mm Temperature 20 C to 120 C Requires optional probe DVP 94Y Output RS232 Compatible Serial Po
52. test configuration The 25mm wide grips are fitted with rubber inserts to maximise contact adhesion with sample and are capable of holding rectangular samples up to 5mm thick Each grip clamps from both sides of sample with two opposing thumbscrews Attaches to slot in CT3 base Does not require any base table DOUGH STICKINESS JIG Special sample fixture for assessing the stickiness of uncooked bakery dough May be used with either base table TA RT KIT or TA BT KIT TA3 1000 or TA11 1000 Probe Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 TA FMBRA TA JMPA TA OC TA VBJ TA WSP TA SB TA CTP T BOLTS TA RT 5 TA RT 3 FMBRA DOUGH POT SET Standard accessory used in the preparation of dough samples prior to textural assessment The set comprises of two test cells and two plungers An aeration plunger and a compacting plunger A known weight of sample is placed in the pot and the aeration plunger is used to remove air pockets through gentle rotation The dough is then assessed for firmness using a 6mm in diameter stainless steel probe Includes Dough Aerator Dough Compactor amp 2 Containers JUNIOR MULTIPLE PROBE ASSEMBLY Small scale multiple probe assembly consisting of nine 2mm probes and corresponding base plate specifically designed to hold small samples of irregular geometry Requires Fixture Base Table TA BT KIT OTTAWA CELL The Ottawa cell follows principles of the Ottawa Test Measurement Syste
53. y must be within the appropriate range as shown on the model and serial tag of the instrument located on the back of the CT3 Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc Manual No M 08 371A0708 A The CT3 Texture Analyzer must be earth grounded to ensure against electronic failure 7 Ifappropriate connectcommunication cable which is supplied with Texture Loader software to the appropriate port for connection to a computer 8 Turn the power switch to the ON position The startup screen will indicate the firmware version and load range of the CT3 Figure I 1 Figure I 1 9 Allow the instrument to warm up for 10 minutes 10 If desired check calibration according to Section II 8 1 6 Safety Symbols and Precautions Safety Symbols The following explains safety symbols which may be found in this operating manual or on the instrument itself Indicates hazardous voltages may be present Refer to the manual in all cases where this symbol is evident Used for specific warning or caution information to avoid personal injury or damage to the instrument Keep hands fingers and other body parts clear of moving parts when operating instrument pe Functional Earth Terminal Main power entry module must have an earth conductor Precautions If this instrument is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer the protection provided by the instrument may be impaired This instrument is not intended for use in a potentially
54. ypically held between a pair of grips The test starts when the trigger load is reached as the grips move apart The load resistance as the sample is stretched or pulled apart is recorded as a function of both time and distance Ill 2 Emergency Stop The CT3 Texture Analyzer can operate with up to 10 000g 10 kg of force dependent on load cell Be sure to place only the sample for test under the probe Keep body parts and clothing away from the probe during the test The CT3 Texture Analyzer uses applied forces to evaluate a material The user must take care not to place any body part or clothing in the testing zone while the machine is moving The CT3 Texture Analyzer is provided with an Emergency Stop Button see Figure I 2 for use in case of an operational problem Pressing the Emergency Stop Button will cause different immediate actions depending upon the type of test in use Compression Pressing Emergency Stop Button during a compression test will 1 Stop the test in progress and display emergency stop screen Figure II 1 2 The probe immediately returns to the home position 3 The Emergency Stop condition can be canceled by rotating the Emergency Stop Button clockwise This will reset the CT3 firmware to the power up condition Tension Pressing Emergency Stop Button during a tension test will 1 Immediately stop probe movement and display the emergency stop screen 2 Probe returns to test start position after re
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