Home

Plasimo User Guide

1. B 2 4 Miscellaneous Compilers on Linux Unix Other compilers than gcc have been used to compile Plasimo on Unix like systems like DEC Compaq CXX Intel C and SGI MipsPro The following remarks apply when using compilers other than gcc in order to build Plasimo When calling configure you can specify the C Compiler by setting the environment variable CC and the C Compiler by using the environment variable CXX The linker is specified by the variable LD If the compiler needs a certain flag to operate properly you can include it in the variable as well During the configure process test programs will be run which check for certain compiler features and bugs unfortunately it s difficult to preview and or work around all of these Some bugs or features may be influenced by additional compiler flags Some of them are already known to configure and automatically added to the compiler flags Some may not and need to be added at compile time Use the make options EXTRA_CFLAGS EXTRA_CXXFLAGS and EXTRA_LDFLAGS to add extra flags for the C compiler the C compiler and the linker respectively As a typical example for some GNU Linux systems you need EXTRA_CXXFLAGS D_BSD_SOURCE if you compile with wxWidgets enabled because wx Widgets uses string functions that are only defined on BSD like systems and the GNU system defines them only if _BSD_SOURCE is set As a last resort you may need to fix the Makefiles if your compiler is too different from
2. doxygen texlive latex texlive latex extra texlive fontutils texlive htmlxml latex2html gnuplot transfig ImageMagick Table B 1 MacPorts packages required for OSX approximately 4 GB The libtoolize binary is installed as glibtoolize which can be fixed by adding a symbolic link sudo 1n s opt local bin glibtoolize opt local bin libtoolize The code below assume a user named jan who sets up the sources of the required packages in the subdirectory src of his home direcory Users jan say Please replace the directory name Users jan src in the instructions below with another directory every directory will do as long as you have write access to it 40 Download compile and install Plasimo cd Users jan src cvs d ext USERNAME plasimo phys tue nl usr local src cvs checkout gum cd gum cvs update dP makeconf sh mkdir mac opt cd mac opt configure prefix Users jan plasimo opt M with wx opt local Library Frameworks wxWidgets framework Versions wxWidgets 3 0 bin CPPFLAGS I opt local include make make install If evrything works out Plasimo is now compiled and installed in the directory Users jan plasimo opt Let s now test it cd Users jan plasimo opt cd bin source set plasimo wxplasimo Instead of the last command you could also have typed plasimo followed by the name of an input file to start the console version The input files were installed in Users jan plasimo opt input
3. by positive ions or photons You can play with this by changing the secondary emission coefficients The secondary emission coefficients are specified for each type of species and are located in the Model editor tab under Mixture mdSpeciesList mdParticle 4 3 Drift diffusion sputtering model Example input file hcd demo md2d Location input md2d The input file contains a model of a hollow cathode discharge HCD used for laser applica tion Description of the complete model you can find in 2 3 4 while here is a simplified version for demonstration purposes The geometry is a cylindrical hollow cathode with 4mm inner diameter and 50 mm length two anode rings are placed at both sides of the cathode separated from each other with quartz rings The geometry is symmetric around the center of the cathode both axially and azimuthally Figure 4 3 The hollow cathode geometry Hence the simulated discharge region is half of the cathode length the anode region and the dielectric in between A fixed voltage of 300 V is applied The operating gas is He at constant pressure of 2 3kPa The considered species are Het Cu and Cut The buffer gas atoms are ionized by electron impact ionization The metal atoms in the discharge are produced only by sputtering due to ion bombardment of the cathode surface The metal atoms are ionized in the plasma and they also can produce sputtering self sputtering The ionization mechanism of Cu
4. this node controls the fight of the particles that must be followed the chemical reactions that they are involved in and the time settings of the flight Therefore the FlightControl section contains SwarmList mcProcessList and TimeSettings subsections After installing the model a tab Model data appears that contains all the output data The output data is grouped into three main sections as you can see on the left hand side e General containing the status of the calculation and the model specific general data e Collision frequency the collision frequencies for all collision processes e Species positions velocities and EDF for the followed particles If specified in the input the wall EDF or deposition profile of the followed particles will appear 23 o Plasimo input mc mc demo in file Run Help 0106y ADDO Global settings Model editor Model data Data particle positions OpenGL gt Collision freq with Ar gt OpenGL v Species gt Ar 4 0465e 06 ve v particle positions OpenGL eee 3 0382e 06 Wall EDF WallProfile 2 0299e 06 1 0216e 06 1 3348e 04 3 33486 2 0 03 ET 0 03 0 03 x1 0 03 EN Paused Figure 4 4 Monte Carlo model Few steps after starting the model you should see already the multiplication of the particles due to ionization processes Recall that the electric field is applied in direction pointing to the screen So that the electro
5. without wx If you enable this option the Plasimo applications with a graphical user interface will be built This requires a recent version of the wxWidgets toolkit a cross platform GUL library If no argument is provided configure will look for a file wx config in the directories in the PATH environment variable and use that one You may specify an alternative version of wxWidgets by providing the name of the directory in which the corresponding wx config resides as in with wx usr local wx HEAD bin e with opengl without opengl Building with OpenGL support enables some Plasimo extensions among which a va riety of viewers for two and three dimensional data sets Note that this option can only be enabled if you have OpenGL libraries and headers properly installed It also implies usage of a version of wxWidgets with OpenGL extensions enabled If you enable OpenGL and the configure script finds the Fame library on your system it is possible to create MPEG clips from OpenGL windows e with samples without samples By default all samples and tests will be built If you disable this feature you can still create the samples by switching to the sample directory of your choice and do this part of the build manually as in cd plspecies samples particle gmake 5see http fame sourceforge net 37 with doc without doc If you enable this option the documentation is created This is a time consuming pro cess an
6. The following steps concern users who have CVS access to the code of Plasimo as provided by Plasimo team Before to proceed with the installation and configuration of Plasimo please be sure that you have checked carefully the system reguirements and that you have installed all components mentioned in appendix A The following steps demonstrate how to check out and build an optimized version of Plasimo that includes graphical user interface GUI support Firstly open a shell console and change to the directory where you want to create the Plasimo subdirectory Next type the following seguence of commands replace NAME with your login name on the server Please note that all commands and options under Unix are case sensitive e export CVS RSH ssh e cvs d ext NAME plasimo phys tue nl usr local src cvs checkout gum e cd gum e makeconf sh e mkdir linux opt e cd linux opt configure prefix plasimo opt e make Assuming everything went fine you are now ready to run Plasimo In case any of the previous steps fails please check if you have all prerequisites installed or consult the appendix sections A and B for a possible solution Additional information and in depth discussion of these download and installation processes are provided in appendix B After building Plasimo you may wish to fine tune the behavior of Plasimo according to your personal preferences This is also discussed in section B 2 2 Starting the Ap
7. as the Intel C compiler for Linux the SGI MIPSpro compiler for IRIX and the Compaq DEC CXX compiler for DEC Unix Tru64 and Linux In some case some special steps must be taken in the build process this will be discussed in section B 2 4 Ubuntu The following instructions have been tested for Ubuntu 15 04 a k a Vivid The required packages are listed in table A 0 2 The same instructions also work for Debian 8 a k a Jessie Ubuntu 14 04 LTS has also been tested with this list of packages however an additional repository is required for the wxWidgets packages This can be achieved with the following commands sudo apt add repository deb http repos codelite org wx3 0 2 ubuntu trusty universe sudo apt get update sudo apt get install libwxgtk3 0 dev libglul mesa dev Note that the package libwxgtk webview3 0 dev is not required but the package libglu1i mesa dev is OpenSuse The required packages for version 13 2 are listed in table A 0 2 Note that it might be necessary to run the command texhash as root for the html sty style file from the latex2html package to be found 33 cvs libtool automake autoconf build essential gcc g efortran libboost all dev texlive latex base latex2html doxygen graphviz python imagemagick transfig liblapack dev gnuplot libwxgtk3 0 dev libwxgtk webview3 0 dev tex4ht Table A 2 Packages required for Ubuntu 15 04 and Debian 8 approximately 1 5 GB Cvs gc
8. can improve the performance of the resulting code by a few percent but may prevent the binaries to work on machines with a different older CPU e enable colors disable colors When Log X messages are output these may can colored according to their loglevel red for 3 yellow for 2 green for 1 and bright white for 0 The application outputs escape seguences to set the colors which work on most terminal emulations basically everything that s compatible with a vt100 in this respect Use the option to get more easily readable output if your terminal emulation supports it both X11 xterm and Linux console do e enable smp disable smp The TBCI numerics library used supports distributing large vector or matrix operations amongst several local CPUs by using POSIX threads This speeds up operations for large objects on multiprocessor SMP machines For small data sizes TBCI just does not make use of multithreading Use this flag to build with support for this it can be controlled a run time via the Threads or MaxThread configuration options Running configure takes some time up to a couple of minutes If configure fails it will normally due to an ill formed list of options and tell you how to correct Typical cases are missing required libraries or attempting to enable OpenGL without wxWidgets You may check config log if you need more details The next step is to run make You need GNU make note that on some systems
9. flow e Do subsonic flows converge without Karki corrections 4 7 EM models 4 7 1 EM model 1 Example input file circular bessel gum Location input demosuite The model represents transversal magnetic modes in a circular waveguide The geometrical con figuration is shown in figure 4 6 Metal Wall at End 1 4 Z E 4 2 R Metal Wall 3 4 Z TM mode gt 1 Metal Wall 3 Axis from magnetron r a gt 2 Metal Wall End 4 Excitation Boundar Figure 4 6 Geometry 26 Algorithm e Finite Differences in Frequency Domain e Full Vector TM Transversal Magnetic E E Hs Standing waves and Evanescent Solutions Install the program and run it Plot the normalized magnetic field Ho Data Cy1 Fields em_region Field complex H_ud The excitation boundary creates a wave in z direction that interacts with the wave reflect ing back from the metal wall at the end 2 Thus standing waves are observed Below a critical radius Re there are only evanescent decaying solutions instead standing waves Decrease the radius R until only evanescent solutions appear in the circular waveguide 4 7 2 EM model 2 Example input file radial_to_coaxial_wg_show gum Location input demosuite The model represents radial coaxial waveguide coupling The geometrical configuration is shown on figure r 5 ke a 1 Radial Mode Radial Mi 1 Coaxial 1 Metal Wall 3 Axis gt r 2 Open Boundary 4 C
10. gcc 4 1 0 25 In this case gcc is present the version being 4 1 0 25 The remainder of this section explains the purpose of the various packages You may wish to skip this information and go to section 2 the Quick Installation Guide instead In order to resolve some platform incompatibilities between the various flavours of Unix during the build process use has been made of the so called GNU build tools These are the programs gmake aclocal autoheader automake autoconf and libtool In addition you need a C C compiler An overview of these packages is given in table The version requirements listed there are pessimistic older versions of these products may work but have not been tested with this version of the code Note that gmake is also known as make on many GNU Linux and Unix platforms wxWidget4 lis a cross platform toolkit for building graphical user interfaces On GNU Linux and Unix only the GTK version has been tested obviously this is our recommended version see lwxWidgets was formerly known as wxWindows 32 Product Version Location gcc 4 5 1 www gnu org software gcc gcc html automake 1 11 1 www gnu org software automake automake html autoconf 2 68 www gnu org software autoconf autoconf html libtool 2 2 6b www gnu org software libtool libtool html gmake 3 82 www gnu org software make make html boost 1 50 www boost org wxWidgets 2 9 0 www wxwidgets org latex 3 141592 1 40 11 2 2 www ctan or
11. grid This means that for a cell showing the value of a field defined at the nodal points e g the species densities the north south west and east cells are empty because in the master grid they repre sent the positions of the flux field variables See the grid document for more information 15 3 4 2 Initial Viewers Sometimes in the working process you may need to install the program multiple times and to monitor some data item at different conditions for example After each Install of the program you have to open the relevant viewer to monitor the data item in run time This could be annoying sometimes so that Plasimo offers the option to avoid this by setting initially the viewers of the variables you want to monitor As a result when you install the model the viewers will be initially open with the set of specifications Assume that you want a viewer for Temperature data item as it is shown in figure to be initially open always when you install the model This can be done by adding the optional section InitViews in the model tree Press with right mouse button on the Model and select Add Init Views from the pop up menu Next you have to add the relevant subsection press the rmb on Init Views and add default section ViewList On the leaf dialog editor on the right hand side of the window press again the rmb on the Viewer leaf to add one Adding a new viewer leaf will displays 4 empty boxes In the first one you have to specify the
12. inaccurate calculations on coarse meshes are combined with accurate yet slowly converging calculations on finer meshes The result is an net reduction of the time to convergence Typically a number of grid changes is made in both directions A full multi grid algorithm has not been implemented in Plasimo However wxPlasimo allows its users to manually adjust the mesh size while a simulation is in progress After a grid resize all grid dependent variables are interpolated to the new grid and the iterative process resumes Please note that this grid resizing can also be configured to be done automatically at the input file level see section MainlterConfig of chapter Input File Reference of the User Reference Guide for details 16 Variable Adjustment This allows the adjustment of the iterative control variables of the variables which are part of the model More specifically the user is allowed to set the actual value of the variables under relaxation factor urf The urf is the fractional amount of the field correction which is determined in an iteration which is actually applied to the old value of the field Hence when urf is unity the correction will be completely applied while for smaller values only a partial adjustment is done There is a trade off between speed and robustness here while smaller under relaxation factors tend to stabilize the simulation the time to convergence may be considerably longer If you select Var
13. includes electron impact ionization and charge transfer with buffer gas ions Sputtering module The sputtering process can be taken into account in the model and it can be applied at different materials if the geometry consists many This can be done e In section Mixture with the right mouse bottom add section mdWallProcessList e In mdWallProcessList you must add the process mdWallProcess of type sputtering the only available so far 22 e Select mdWallProcess on the right side window you can fill the species bombarding the wall the projectile and the sputtered atoms recoils You have to specify also the material index where the process should be applied The indices are specified in the input file in section Configuration Material list In this example you see the cathode with index 1 the anode region with index 2 the dielectric with index 3 and index 0 is reserved always for the discharge region The sputtering process is applied on materials with index 1 and 2 e The sputtering yield for every projectile species is specified by selecting mdSputteringYield The subsection mdSputteringYiled appears automatically after adding mdWallProcess of type sputtering The mdSputteringYield is of type Constant 4 4 Monte Carlo model Example input file mc demo in Location input mc This model is simple kinetic drift model We have Ar gas density swarm and we inject 10000 particles electrons into the simulation The particles ar
14. it was called e Recompilation with gmake should require significantly less time than the original make unless lots of files have changed or some of the headers that are included by almost any file have changed If you encounter weird errors after an update and a partial rebuild switch to the build directory and enter make clean make The reason for the problems may have been an error in the dependency calculation As a result some files may not have been rebuilt erroneously these two commands guarantee that all files will be recompiled B 2 2 Support for the Eigen Matrix Vector Library Plasimo can be compiled with support for the Figen library That provides an alternative for the TBCI matrix vector classes In order to enable Eigen specific components you need to download a recent version of Eigen install that and pass additional compilation options to Plasimo For that you may first need to install the package mercurial on OpenSuse which provides the command hg and the package cmake On other distributions the package names may be different Then proceed as follows cd src hg clone https bitbucket org eigen eigen cd eigen mkdir linux opt cd linux opt ccmake In the cmake window change the PREFIX variable to something like home jan local eigen of course replace this path with something that matches your own set up Then press c configure until the option g generate appears Press g to generate t
15. mode only entire rows or columns can be selected Row and column selection can be activated by clicking on the grey label bar at the left and top side of the grid respectively The presently selected row s or column s can be cut and copied via the menu which is activated by clicking the right mouse button Then the cut or copied row s column s can be pasted before the active row column Finally after editing the geometry matrix you may want to keep or discard the changes The changes will be automatically saved after switching to an other node If you do not want to save the changes you made you can retrieve the original matrix by pressing the RMB on the GeometryMatrix in the tree editor and selecting Undo all changes from the menu Note that after switching to another node editing can no longer be undone The Text Editor The text editor window allows the user to manipulate the data entries in raw format In some cases the creation of a text editor window is requested explicitly because the nature of the data does not allow convenient editing inside a node dialog or grid editor dialog Perhaps an appropriate editor will be provided later An example is a look up table in a two column format see figure 3 1 b The text editor is also used as fallback option if the creation of a node dialog or grid editor window fails for some reason If the latter happens the user will be informed and is kindly requested to send a bug report to the Plasi
16. phys tue nl Furthermore replace name with your login name on Plasimo see http www cvshome org 2see http cvsbook red bean com V 3When using Microsoft Windows a program such as TortoiseCVS www tortoisecvs org can be used or even an environment such as Cygwin www cygwin com 35 Please note that all commands and options under Unix are case sensitive This will create the directory gum in the current working directory The option q instructs cvs to report non trivial output only If your connection to the cvs server is via a modem you should specify z3 before q in order to save time by compressing all data traffic You can specify a set of default cvs options by creating a file cvsrc in your home directory A typical cvsrc looks as follows cvs z3 q update d P diff u The meaning of the last two lines which configure the defaults for the update and diff subcom mands will become clear in section B 1 1 By default the subcommand checkout of cvs will give you the HEAD version of the sources As explained in section 2 this is the branch on which active development takes place the code here is not guaranteed to function properly or even compile Unless you have developer ambitions yourself you should therefore check out one of the stable releases probably the latest For getting such a stable release of the Plasimo sources replace the part checkout gum in the cvs command above by checkout r REVIS
17. raw form Plasimo also dumps entries it cannot 12 handle here when creating a dialog editor so it should be empty after creating a fresh dialog editor The Grid Editor The grid editor figure 8 1 c facilitates editing of grids matrices consisting of elements which can be represented as strings Sometimes the matrix is to big to be visualized in the grid editor You can zoom out zoom in the matrix by pressing the control key and scrolling the mouse wheel The matrix consists on cells with different colors as to each color is assigned different material type There are two editing modes the Grid layout mode and Grid cell mode mode By default the cell mode is active One can switch between these modes via the context menu which is activated by pressing the right mouse button on the grid region The Grid cell mode deals with the properties of the cells such as assignment of new material type Clicking or selecting cells with the left mouse button LMB will assign the active color to them by default this is the color black which always corresponds to the material with the lowest alphabetic key value If the control key is down instead the material under the LMB is picked up as active color New material color index pairs can be created via the menu which is activated by clicking the right mouse button and selecting Select material A list of previously defined materials will pops up for selection of material type In Grid layout
18. such as potential distribution electric field surface and volume charge densities An OpenGL plot of a variable can be activated by double clicking a variable in the tree panel on the left 18 e General Naturally contains the general common data such as the status of the simulation You can activate the Model Status by double clicking on Common data e Geometry Here you can see the geometry the configuration and the control volume grids Output files All calculated variables are not only shown in the GUI but are also stored on disk The data path as well as the number of writes of the output data can be specified in the input see Schedule By default the program store the output files in the main plasimo folder if no data path is specified The output files history out gives the calculated variables as a function of time The averaged quantities are written with a frequency specified by the user info out the averaged values written only once at the end of the simulation info txt the same data as in info out but written with the user specified frequency reaction_analysis out and reaction_analysis txt detailed reaction analysis production and destruction contribution of each reaction for each species The files are written like info out and info txt The following files represent the spacial distribution of the quantities The data are written as many times as specified in the input file n00 txt electron energy
19. the definition of a constant but since the result is a constant it will not change and be fixed at the value at which it is initially evaluated Furthermore any of the definitions in Declares can be used in any of the rate coefficients as long as they are of the type CustomRate The definitions and their composition in this example are completely optional For instance the length is a constant but it might also depend on some other quantity and therefore change Finally there is one variable called time which represent the current time of the model in seconds Though it will change during the course of the model it is written as a constant i e without parentheses but it acts as a nullary function InputPowerDensity The power density input into the system must be defined in a separate section This must always be an expression that evaluates to W m or compatible unit In zdm_Ar gum a trick is used to include an input power from a look up table The mathparser allows for function to be defined which are evaluated as a look up in a table in an external file In this case the file zdm power modulation lut contains the power as function of time By using the built in time variable as index into the table and dividing the result by the Volume see the appropriate Declare an input power density as function of time is defined Its shape is whatever the table looks like using linear interpolation InitDensity This section contains the initial
20. the GNU compiler Here s a example for compilation on a Silicon machine running IRIX and using the MIPSpro compiler version 7 3 1 1m The text is based on an e mail by Bart Hartgers who figured this all out 1 Go to your build directory 2 Create the standard C headers that MIPSpro is missing by typing mkdir cmissing cd cmissing python util generate_cpp_c_headers py cd 41 Obviously you need the pythor interpreter installed in order to have this work Otherwise ask us for a tarball with the missing headers for MIPSpro 3 Call configure with specifying Linker C and C Compiler LD CC CC cc CXX CC I pwd cmissing configure enable isoc99 enable optimize disable debug Note This syntax will only work on a Bourne shell 4 Call a script to fix the Makefiles for MIPSpro util fix Makefile mipspro 5 Compile specifying some extra flags EXTRA_LDFLAGS elf shared 1C EXTRA_CXXFLAGS g 02 exceptions ptused FE template_in_elf_section EXTRA_CFLAGS 02 gmake You can omit the 02 in case you don t want your compiler to optimize the generated code In case your compilation aborts with an error you may still want to compile the rest by using gmake k instead of gmake 6 The MIPSpro compiler needs different flags for the executables in the end So go to the app directory and do gmake clean EXTRA_LDFLAGS call_shared 1C EXTR
21. version of the source and documentation files from the server with your local working copy by switching to the gum directory and typing cvs update d P The update specific option d indicates that newly created directories are checked out as well P means that files which are no longer in the repository are removed from your local gum directory In order to switch to a version other than HEAD you use the same command but in addition you specify the version to check out using the r option cvs update d P r ReleaseID Where ReleaseID is to be replaced with the symbolic name like PLASIMO 2 0 Finally if you are using a specific version of Plasimo but want to switch to the HEAD version use the option A once with the update command 4Because this is almost always what you want you best add the line update d P to the file cvsrc in your home directory The same holds for the line diff u 36 cvs update A In following update commands the option A can be omitted We end with an important note after updating Plasimo always check the NEWS file for changes that may affect you B 2 Building the GUM binaries B 2 1 Compilation on Linux Unix Platforms Here it is assumed that your compiler and linker are supported by the GNU build toolchain the programs autoheader autoconf automake and libtool This is definitely the case if you have a GNU Linux system and use the gec compiler If you have another platform or compiler som
22. windows In the figure a tab window called model editor is active Context sensitive help text is displayed in a second window right a typical example is shown in the figure on the right e Installed version of Plasimo Execute the following commands from your home directory 1 opt plasimo bin set plasimo or source opt plasimo bin set plasimo 2 opt plasimo bin wxplasimo The fist command sets the current working directory as home jan Before continuing with loading a model you have to prepare a directory where Plasimo can write the output data You have to create a directory data in your home directory mkdir data e Built version of Plasimo Let us assume that we wish to run the version of Plasimo at the build location gum linux opt This can be done by entering the following commands in the build directory l set plasimo local Or source set plasimo local 2 app wx wxplasimo After starting the application with an empty model you should see a window similar to the one shown in figure 2 1 a 2 3 Installing and running a model In the application main window you see a menu In order to allow quick access to the menu items most commands are also available through the toolbar Initially the buttons New Open Reload Save Help and Install are active While the icons are easily recognized in case of doubt you may move the mouse over a button to see what it does after a short time a tooltip w
23. wx head bin make winzip In order to compile the 32 bit version cd gum mkdir mxe win32 export PATH home jan local mxe win32 bin PATH cd mxe win32 configure host i686 pc mingw32 shared without samples prefix home jan gum mxe win32 disable inst libs host alias i686 pc mingw32 shared with wx home jan local mxe win32 wx head bin make winzip The result will be a ZIP file that contains Plasimo and the required support libraries If you have wine installed you can test this version of Plasimo as follows Starting from the build directory type replace version with the version identifier mkdir tmp cd tmp unzip plasimo lt version gt zip cd plasimo XXX wineconsole cmd In the command window that pops up type Plasimo GUI version or CPlasimo followed by an input file console version 43 Bibliography 1 Jan van Dijk Kim Peerenboom Manuel Jimenez Diana Mihailova and Joost van der Mullen The plasma modelling toolkit plasimo Journal of Physics D Applied Physics 42 19 194012 14pp 2009 D Mihailova M Grozeva G J M Hagelaar J van Dijk W J M Brok and J J A M van der Mullen J Phys D Appl Phys 41 245202 2008 D Mihailova J van Dijk M Grozeva G J M Hagelaar and J J A M van der Mullen J Phys D Appl Phys 43 145203 2010 D B Mihailova PhD thesis Eindhoven University of Technology The Netherlands 2010 K S C Peerenboom W J Goedhe
24. 3 1 The Main Window After starting the application you should see a window like that in figure 2 1 a This application main window contains a number of elements from top to bottom we have e A menu bar containing the menus File Run Help e A tool bar discussed in section 2 3 e A set of tab windows named Global settings and Model editor e A status bar displaying the current status of the model Installed Paused Running etc As the menu tool bars were previously discussed in chapter the following text provides detailed information about the tab windows Global settings Model editor and the additional Model Data window that appears after installing a model as well as some model specific extensions 3 2 The Global Settings Window In the graphical user interface the contents of the global configuration file are visualized in the tab window Global Settings It is important to notice that some of the settings in the configuration file take effect only after the application is closed and restarted while others take effect while it is still running Among other things this can be used to fine tune the behavior of Plasimo changing the appearance of plot data and the like In the interface the active section is explained in the HTML help window For an overview of all available sections we refer to the Plasimo user reference guide Most people can use plasimo without ever needing to use this window Therefore we shall continue this te
25. 4 1 Additional functionalities of the viewers Some additional functionalities of the various viewers are available The next text discusses the different viewers available in Plasimo Depending on the data item different viewers are available Plasimo will offer you the appropriate suggestions for the relevant data item 14 OpenGL The OpenGL viewer is the default viewer in Plasimo for plotting 2D and 3D plots The plot can be rotated by pressing the left mouse button on the plot and drag the plot until the final orientation is reached The same effect can be obtained using the arrow keys If you keep the shift key pressed during such operations the plot will be translated rather than rotated The plot window can also be controlled with the following keys f Switch between solid and wire frame plot r Reset the configuration parameters to their default values L Toggle lighting s Toggle smoothing o Include the origin in the plot p Print the plot window to a postscript file d switch between the directions c switch between the components C Toggle enabling all clipping planes lt gt Decrease increase the number of planes that is drawn 3D only X Y Z This is available only for 3D plots Draw planes with constant first second or third coordinate x y Z Activate the x y or z coordinate All subsequent coordinate specific commands will affect that coordinate The commands belo
26. A CXXFLAGS g 02 exceptions ptused FE template_in_elf_section EXTRA_CFLAGS 02 gmake 7 The compiler seems to make a mess of functions to call with plComplex arguments I can t really figure out what is going on exactly Bart Hartgers concluded his email with the following words Yes this is awful It was much more so to figure this out Expect things to get better in the future as some of this knowledge may be built into the autoconf make machinery B 3 Cross Compilation on GNU Linux for MSW Platforms At present native compilation of Plasimo on Microsoft Windows systems is not supported In stead Windows binaries are made available using cross compilation on Linux using the mxe cross compiler suite see http mze cc Cross compilation involves three steps e Downloading patching and compiling the cross compiler itself e Using the cross compiler to create the MSW libraries that Plasimo must be linked against such as the wx Widgets toolkit e Cross compile Plasimo itself The first two steps are facilitated by a makefile that we have provided in the sub direcroty util of the Plasimo source tree Please take a look at util Makefile cross the prerequisites for building a cross compiler are listed in the beginning of that file After installing the missing ones on your system you can set up the cross compilation environment with the following commands Ssee http www python org 7 In or
27. ION gum Here REVISION should be replaced by the symbolic name of the version you want to fetch As an example the symbolic name plasimo_4_0_0 corresponds to version 4 0 0 of Plasimo These tag names can be found on the Manual and Source Code Documentation page on the website http plasimo phys tue n1 In case you have a version of the code already and want to install a second one rename the gum directory to gum 2 8 1 say before fetching the second version by entering another cvs checkout command Updating and Switching to Another Version Before updating to the latest version or switching to a different stable release you may want to inspect the changes you have made locally The reason is that these changes may conflict with those made by others and checked in This can be achieved by changing to the gum source directory and entering cvs diff u gt mychanges diff This command writes the differences you have made locally to a file called mychanges diff Inspect this file to see if you made any important changes that you don t want to get lost If this is the case the best thing is to put the relevant files in a safe place before continuing In the file some lines may start with question marks Unless you willingly added files locally you can ignore these lines If you want to discard your changes you now delete the locally modified files If you have the HEAD version of the Plasimo sources installed already you can merge the latest
28. Plasimo User Guide The Plasimo Team September 23 2015 Contents 1 Introduction 2 Downloading Installing and Running Plasimo a a Bee eo dde Sa oe ae ee hee See 2 3 Installing and running a model aa eee a aa a aa 2 T La a 3 3 1 The Tree Editor aooo ks 3 3 2 The Leaf Editors Sa a diane SO 3 4 1 Additional functionalities of the viewers 3 4 2 Initial Viewers baraso i A A gt a E DORIS E i 4 2 Drift Diffusion Model 4 3 Drift diffusion sputtering model 4 4 Monte Carlo modell 4 5 Argon cascaded arc Mmodel 4 6 Transonic jet model o o 47 EM models 471 EM model IL 2 4 bee k aa 4 7 2 EM model 2 4 8 Global Model A System reguirements A 0 1 Requirements for Microsoft Platforms A 0 2 Requirements for GNU Linux and Unix Platforms A ee eee ee ia re re A E on or Temeer NID OF Ol 10 10 10 11 11 13 14 16 16 18 18 18 22 23 24 25 26 26 27 28 32 32 32 B 3 Cross Compilation on GNU Linux for MSW Platforms Chapter 1 Introduction This is the Plasimo T user guide Plasimo is available for Unix and Windows users For access please fill in the access reguest form on the Plasimo web page https plasimo phys tue n1 form access re
29. aphical user interface 4 2 Drift Diffusion Model In this section an example input file is used to show how the drift diffusion module is used Example input file demo md2d Location input md2d This input file contains a model of a low pressure DC discharge with a simple geometry two parallel electrodes at a distance of 50 cm enclosed in a glass tube with a diameter of 5 cm To keep the model as simple as possible we will start using Cartesian coordinates The gas is He and only electron impact ionization is considered The gas pressure is constant at 1 Torr and a constant voltage of 400 V is applied You can find the input file demo md2d in directory input md2d After installing the model an additional tab Model Data appears in the main window On the left hand side the in the herarchial tree the following sections are present e Discharge Region This section contains all the calculated variables the section is subdivided into Electron energy this subsection contains the data from the energy equation such as the mean electron energy mean energy source mean energy flux density Reactions contains the rates of the specified reactions Species contains the calculated variables for each species such as density mobility source flux An OpenGL plot of a variable can be activated by double clicking a variable in the tree panel on the left e EM Region In this section you can see the EM data
30. asma i e the species that are taken into account in the simulation and the relevant reactions that they are involved in 24 Flow This section configures the flow field calculations e EM The EM calculations In this case it is an uniform current of 50 A Results and discussion After installing the model in the Model data tab you can see the run time plots and monitor the variables All the calculated variables are organized in sections The plots can be open from the tree structure from the left panel e General gives the status of the calculation and the convergence log graph During run time the graph gives the residue as a function of the iteration number e plasma the left panel shows a tree structure containing a host of variables that are cal culated by the model organized in several groups Field real valued Field vector Miscellaneous Phi variable and text The nodes under Phi variable are the primary quantities of interest The characteristics of this plasma source are the same as that of a positive column PC For this PC a global model can be made which will have the general outcome e The electron temperature is almost independent of the power density but is dictated by the electron loss frequency The latter is often diffusive meaning that this frequency more or less equals D R where D is the ambipolar diffusion coefficient and R the plasma radius e The electron density m is determ
31. ber of existing models are shipped with the Plasimo distribution All the Plasimo input files reside in the directory input The location of this directory depends on the specific Plasimo version you are running e Windows zip the installation directory e Linux package in directory opt plasimo XXX XXX or appropriate softlink opt plasimo e Linux compiled from source root source code directory The files in the input directory are separated in sub folders depending on the sub modules of Plasimo Some of the existing example input files are described in more detail in the chapter 4 3 Please load the example file input demosuite bulkhg gum If there were no errors the main window should now look like 2 2 In the tree window on the left you see a tree representation of the bulkhg gum model The window on the right shows the contents of the active tree item These editors will be discussed in detail in chapter B tutorial sessions are provided in chapter 4 The Reload button allows you to reload an input file Plasimo uses simply text files that can be edited with any of your favorite editors In case you made changes in the this text input file this provides a guick way to reload the modified model 5 The Help button activates or deactivates the visibility of a help window By default it is activated It shows you a detailed description and reguirements of the active tree item 6 After a model has been loaded or modified to the u
32. c gcc c gcc fortran boost devel superlu devel automake autoconf libtool make wx Widgets 3_0 devel Mesa devel texlive latex texlive appendix latex2html gnuplot doxygen graphviz python ImageMagick transfig lapack devel texlive tex4ht texlive comment Table A 3 Packages required for OpenSuse 13 2 approximately 1 GB Fedora The following instructions are identical for Fedora versions 13 through 20 The required packages are listed in table A 0 2 cvs gcc c gcc gfortran boost devel lapack devel automake autoconf libtool make texlive latex texlive a4wide texlive epstopdf texlive subfigure texlive appendix latex2html gnuplot doxygen graphviz ImageMagick python gtk2 devel mesa libGLU devel transfig wxGTK devel Table A 4 Packages reguired for Fedora versions 13 through 20 approximately 1 GB The packages denoted by are only reguired for release 18 and up 34 Appendix B Installation amp Configuration This section provide an in depth discussion of the download and installation processes B 1 Downloading Plasimo B 1 1 CVS In order to facilitate the code development process and the management of multiple versions of it the cvs revision control system has been used In order to obtain the sources you will need to install this program if you do not yet have it This section will discuss how to configure cvs and how to use it to obtain a version of choice of the sources The cvs
33. d is the ion neu tral collision cross section As an expression in the Global Model input file this would be something like 29 10 0 86 3 0 L 2 Density Ar Density Ar sigma_i 0 5 2 pi R 2 0 80 4 0 R Density Ar Density Ar sigma_i 0 5 2 pi R L sqrt kB Temperature e Mass Art pi R 2 L which is not very practical and error prone To make this more readable and manageable the user can define constants and functions which can be used in rate coefficients or in other constants and functions and so on The difference between a constant and a function is that a constant will not change during the course of the model while a function can Additionally a function can have parameters namely zero one two or three i e a nullary unary binary or ternary function respectively In zdm_Ar gum this feature is used to first define a number of constants representing the geometry of the vessel radius length areas and volume followed by a number of functions representing quantities that might change during the course of the model such as the diffusion length and Bohm velocity The Bohm velocity function also takes as a parameter a species name so it can be applied to different species Note that nullary functions are functions so when used they must be accompanied by a set of empty parentheses Also note that in principle a function can be used in
34. d requires some auxiliary programs doxygen graphviz If you can afford it read the Plasimo documentation online on our web site plasimo phys tue n1 plasimo doc login reguired e enable static enable shared disable static disable shared The default setting is to build dynamic libraries only Plasimo relies on shared library loading so use this switch to change this behaviour only if you know what you are doing e enable debug disable debug By default debugging information will be generated This is useful during code devel opment but significantly increases the size of the resulting libraries and applications If you don t know how to operate a debugger you can safely disable this option enable optimize disable optimize By default the code is compiled without optimizations Production versions of the code should be compiled with optimizations enabled it makes a huge difference in execution speed Note that on most platforms optimization prevents debugging so you might want to have two build trees one with optimization for fast runs and one with debugging information but without optimization GNU s gcc compiler suite allows to enable debugging optimized code but note that inlining reduces the visibility of symbols from within the debugger e enable opt arch disable opt arch Using this flag enables optimizations for the specific processor present on the machine where the code is built This
35. data location for example vessel interior Phi variable In the second box you have to specify the name of the data item Temperature In the third you can specify the viewer type If it is empty the default viewer will be open In the last box optionally you can specify some attributes such as min and max values of the x y or z coordinate and logarithmic scale All the attributes must be separated by comma for instance xmin 0 xmax 5 ymin 3 ymax 20 zmin 1e12 zmax 1e20 You can add viewers leafs as many as you can want Note that the editor is case sensitive 3 5 Model specific GUI Extensions In section 2 3 it was mentioned that in addition to the functionality which is shared by all GUM simulation types a number of application specific extensions may be present There are two such extensions available e Grid resizing the grid can be re dimensioned on the fly e Adjustment of P variables Plasimo models allow the inspection and adjustment of the iterative control parameters of the convection diffusion variables while a simulation is in progress If the model supports these functionalities after installing it you will see an additional file menu called Extra This menu manages the specified functionalities Grid Resizing Grid resizing can be seen as a poor man s implementation of the multi grid algorithm Essentially in such methods the number of grid cells is not kept constant Rather the results of rapidly converging but
36. density J m phi00 txt electron energy flux density W m S00 txt electron energy source W m D00 txt electron energy diffusion coefficient W m mu00 txt electron energy mobility coefficient J m V s71 Relas00 txt epsilon txt rate of electron energy loss from elastic collisions W m mean electron energy J n01 txt density for species 1 m S01 txt source for species 1 m73 s71 DO1 txt diffusion for species 1 m s mu01 txt mobility for species 1 m V s71 phi01 txt flux for species 1 m s 1 ROO txt reaction rate for reaction 1 m s7 KOO txt reaction rate coefficient for reaction 1 m s71 Pp01 txt power dissipation for species 1 W m gt P txt dissipated power density W m J txt current density C s7 m 3 V txt potential V E txt electric field V m t Er txt reduced electric field E p V m Pa E N txt reduced electric field E N V m rho txt volume charge density C m sigma txt surface charge density C m The numbering of the species is the same as the order of the input file i e in this case n01 txt contains the density distribution of the electrons and n02 txt the density distribution of the second defined particle in this case Het The same numbering applies for the other variables 19 Results and discussion When the model is loaded installed and run it will be possible to identify several regions in the discharge e Ca
37. density of all the species present in the system Each defined species must be listed The sections ZDParameter are used to give the initial value of the electron temperature and constant fixed value of the heavy particles which all share the same temperature ZDSchedule This section simply states the start and time of the model Note that it is not compulsory for the model to start at time zero Stepper The stepper is the ode solver that is to be used Depending on the solver some additional options are available such as maximum time step tolerance etc ZD Options Finally some general options for the model can be set By default for each defined species a balance equation will be constructed and solved By adding a species to the ConstantDensity section the source term for that species will be set to zero so it will remain at its initial value Furthermore quasi neutrality can be imposed so the electron density is not solved separately but set equal to the total ion density Since it is possible to define ion species 30 that are not meant to be part of the bulk plasma see the earlier ion wall species the user must define which ion species are to be used to calculate guasi neutrality so that S qini ne 0 4 2 is valid where the sum runs over all ions with each having a charge qi Finally a minimum value of the electron density can be imposed If this is enabled the electron temperature will not fall below th
38. der for shared libraries to work correctly the option enable fully dynamic string MUST be passed to the compiler Ths is achieved by patching the file mxe src gcc nk that is part of the MXE distribution 42 cd home jan src gum util make f Makefile cross build mxe This will set up the reguired sources in HOME local src mxe and install cross compilers for 32 and 64 bit Windows in the directories HOME local mxe win32 and HOME local mxe win64 respectively If you prefer different paths edit the relevant lines in the top of Makefile rules The next step is to cross compile wxWidgets with the freshly created cross compilation tools This can be achieved with the command make f Makefile cross build_wx This will set up the required sources in HOME local src wxWidgets head and install 32 and 64 bit Windows versions of the wxWidget headers and libraries in HOME local mxe win32 wx head and HOME local mxe win64 ux head Also debug versions of these libraries will be created in subdirectories wx head dbg Now it is time to cross compile Plasimo For the 64 bit Windows version do change the prefix to something else than home jan cd gum mkdir mxe win64 export PATH home jan local mxe win64 bin PATH cd mxe win64 configure host x86_64 w64 mingw32 shared without samples prefix home jan gum mxe win64 disable inst libs host alias x86 64 w64 mingw32 shared with wx home jan local mxe win64
39. e tweaking may be required In that case please read the notes in the next section Here s the complete build recipe 1 Switch to the top level source directory gun 2 Execute makeconf sh This shell script will execute various GNU build tools in the proper order Some steps are repeated in subdirectories This may take a while in the order of a minute You may get a warning telling you that you should add m4 macros to aclocal which you can safely ignore If the script fails you may need to call it from a Bourne shell by invoking bin sh or bash before calling the script 3 Create a build directory and switch to it This is where you are going to compile the libraries and application You can have multiple build directories and such directories can be added and removed at any time It is best to give them names which characterize the configuration they will contain like linux debug MipsPro optimized or win32 cross 4 From the build directory run configure This script is located in the top level source direc tory gum Configure accepts various options some of these are general others specific to the gum source package You can run configure with help as single argument to get a list of available switches the gum specific are listed below The default settings are shown as is if you want to override one or more of these defaults you need to explicitly pass the options between brackets to configure e with wx wx bindir
40. e heavy particle temperature 31 Appendix A System reguirements the system reguirements will be summarized for both Windows and Unix like systems A 0 1 Requirements for Microsoft Platforms At present native compilation of Plasimo on Microsoft Windows systems is not supported In stead Windows binaries are made available using cross compilation on Linux using the mingw cross compiler suite see http www mingw org Please contact the Plasimo team at info plasimo phys tue n1 if you want to obtain a binary version suitable for Windows XP No additional libraries are needed if you want to install Plasimo this way A 0 2 Requirements for GNU Linux and Unix Platforms Table lists the packages which are needed to compile Plasimo on GNU Linux and Unix systems The end of this section gives detailed instructions on how to obtain these packages for the three most popular Linux distributions Ubuntu OpenSuse and Fedora On most GNU Linux installations you can check the availability of programs with the which utility As an example which gcc will print the location of the gcc program that is found in the path which gcc usr bin gcc If nothing is printed the gcc program is not available and needs to be installed Let us now assume that your system uses the rpm system to manage packages like on Novell SuSE Redhat or Fedora systems The version of the package that a file belongs to can be obtained as rpm gvf usr bin gcc
41. e injected as point sources at coordinates 0 0 0 An uniform electric field is applied in z direction The main branches of the tree structure in the Model Editor tab are e Environment this node contains the setup of the vessel specifies the particles that are injected into the vessel and defines the swarm list i e the environmental particles the injected particles will collide with the background gas In this example vessel of type Infinity is specified This practically means that there is no vessel The particles are moving under the influence of a constant electric field The electric field is applied in z direction pointing to the screen There are two more Vessel sections which are disabled Vessel of type plate places a wall a plate at some specified distance in z direction from the particle injection source You can activate this section by pressing right mouse button over the disabled section e Statistics obviously the necessary statistics are collected in this node such as particle positions and velocities and EDF s of the particle swarm that is followed Moreover the Statistics class can collect statistics of wall collisions if there is any wall such as position and velocity at the moment when the particle hits the wall as well as EDF and deposition profile e mcSpeciesList This section contains a list of all species that are involved in the simulation hence the model should know about e FlightControl
42. er J van Dijk and J J A M van der Mullen Integral simula tion of the creation and expansion of a transonic argon plasma Plasma Sources Science and Technology 19 2 025009 9pp 2010 S Ashida C Lee and M A Lieberman Spatially averaged global model of time modulated high density argon plasmas American Vacuum Society 13 5 2498 1995 44
43. er of times data is written to file Other entries a Dialog Editor b Text Editor c Grid Editor Figure 3 1 The various leaf editor windows Figure 3 1 a shows the dialog editor The example shows the time settings of a time dependent model edited using the dialog editor Figure 3 1 b shows a text editor as an example is a lookup table Figure shows the grid editor in action here a PDP geometry is being edited The Dialog Editor The node dialog editor window figure 3 1 a is the one you will most commonly encounter It contains one leaf block for each data item type The name of the data item and a short description are displayed above the box Note that a box may be empty Clicking on the name of the data item with the right mouse button RMB pops up a menu which allows you to add a new leaf of the relevant type The default values will be used Each entry has a check box on the left followed by one or more editor or choice fields By clicking on the check box with the left mouse button LMB the entry can be disabled or enabled Disabled entries are not taken into account when the model description is interpreted by Plasimo They appear in grey and cannot be edited In addition two small text editor windows are available The Annotation widget can be used to provide a description of the active section If one exists it will be shown The window titled Other entries can be used to add entries in text
44. g latex2html 1 71 www latex2html org pdflatex 3 141592 1 40 11 2 2 www tug org applications pdftex doxygen 1 7 3 www doxygen org dot 2 26 3 www graphviz org python 2 7 www python org convert 6 6 5 8 www imagemagick org Table A 1 System requirements for building the software on GNU Linux platforms The products wxWidgets and below are weak reguirements the console versions of the Plasimo applications can be built without them wxWidgets is reguired for graphical user interface support recommended the remaining items are reguired for generating the documentation locally see text the wxWidgets home page for details Note that you need not only the libraries but also the devel opment header files and that using wxWidgets may introduce additional software dependencies We recommend to use the official packages of your favourite Linux distribution if available The packages latex latex2html pdflatex doxygen dot python and ImageMagick more specif ically the program convert which is part of it are weak requirements these are needed to locally build the complete documentation For released versions of the code the documentation can also be obtained from the Internet See chapter Generation of the Plasimo Documentation of the programmer s guide and the Plasimo website http plasimo phys tue nl generated docs for details Some work has been spent to add support for other compilers than gcc such
45. guest html or contact the Plasimo team info plasimo phys tue nl If Plasimo is suitable for your particular application you need to sign the software license Plasimo team will provide you with information about the terms and conditions After obtaining a license you will be able to download the software and you will have access to all relevant documentation on this website Chapter 2 Downloading Installing and Running Plasimo Plasimo is available in two flavors stable released versions and an experimental developer version where all the changes are done for the next release Before you get the Plasimo sources you should take a decision which branch you want to use Stable or Developer also called HEAD Developer is recommended for people who develop code for Plasimo or that need the latest features The downside is that experimental changes are allowed to go in and carry the risk of breaking user input files producing wrong results or crashing the user interface Stable is normally more suitable for people that are mainly users of Plasimo as care is taken to not break stuff for releases and users that need to update their input files are advised how to do so The file NEWS contains the documentation on what has changed since the last release Note that it s possible to have more than one copy of the Plasimo source tree on your machine so you can work with several versions if needed 2 1 Downloading Plasimo As
46. he makefiles and exit Then you can build and install the code make make install Now you are ready to confire Plasimo with eigen support We recommend that you use a new build directory for this Plasimo flavour as in the following example 39 cd home jan src gum mkdir linux opt eigen cd linux opt eigen configure with eigen home jan local eigen include eigen3 You may wish to pass your other favourite options to the configure script as well If you also want to use eigen instead of TBCI for the linear systems code you configure as follows configure with eigen home jan local eigen include eigen3 with eigen for linsys Next build the sources as usual with the make command B 2 3 Compilation on OSX Platforms Plasimo including its graphical user interface can be compiled on OSX platforms using the native clang compiler A brief summary of the steps follows which was tested on an OSX 10 10 Yosemite box The clang compiler is available through Apple s XCode Developer Tools which can be downloaded in the app store After installation make sure you agree to the XCode license agreement sudo is a command that allows the execution of a command as superuser sudo xcodebuild license Building Plasimo also reguires a fortran compiler There are several possibilities but the one we tested was the gfortran compiler package from https gcc gnu org wiki GFortranBinaries Mac0S version 5 1 Your system s secu
47. he model will only use the external data without writing the whole data it in your model file Instead you will see in your input file in the relevant section a line like this Include filename in SectionName This allows to have only one definition of an argon mixture say on disk which can be shared included by all models that describe some argon plasma 3 3 2 The Leaf Editors At the right hand side of the model editor window an appropriate editor for the data items of the active node are shown Depending on the node contents you will see a Dialog editor a Grid editor or a Text editor window In figure 2 2 a dialog editor is visible The various editors are displayed in figure 3 1 and will be discussed next 11 BlockDuration Duration of the scheduleblock 0 5649 0 4837E 25 X ms 0 6441 0 4501E 25 0 7356 0 4188E 25 InitialTimeStep Initial timestep size 0 8411 0 3898E 25 X 1e 11 s 0 9633 0 3630E 25 1 105 0 3383E 25 MaxTimeStep Maximum allowed timestep size 1 272 0 3157E 25 V 1608 s gt 1 468 0 2951E 25 1 702 0 2764E 25 0 0 1 984 0 2597E 25 2 331 0 2452E 25 2 767 0 2327E 25 3 325 0 2229E 25 4 006 0 2163E 25 Annotation 4 733 0 2135E 25 5 383 0 2132E 25 5 909 0 2143E 25 6 327 0 2158E 25 6 676 0 2173E 25 6 988 0 2187E 25 7 288 0 2202E 25 7 588 0 2218E 25 7 899 0 2235E 25 8 228 0 2254E 25 8 578 0 2275E 25 8 959 0 2299E 25 MaxRelDensChange Maximum relative density change within one time NrWrites Numb
48. iable Adjustment from the Extra menu in run time a dialog appears which allows you to select a variable if any are present If one is selected a second box appears which allows to change the value of the under relaxation factor the actual value is proposed as default Note that in Plasimo depending on the setting for the urf adjustment the relaxation factors are continuously adjusted Also a urf you set in this dialog is subject to later change Secondly the option Freeze can be activated The effect is the same as that of a zero under relaxation factor no update is done whatsoever Prefer to enable Freeze above setting a zero urf in the former no calculation will be done for the variable considerably saving computing time Additionally the discretization of some of the variables relies on the assumption of a non zero urf Of course freezing the variables cannot lead to physically realistic results this option should therefore not be used in production work Rather it is meant to facilitate the analysis of the physical inter dependencies between the model equations in particular it can be useful in the study of convergence problems in the model development stage 17 Chapter 4 Plasimo example models 4 1 Introduction This chapter explains some of the existing demo models that were shipped with the Plasimo distribution The examples give also information how you can edit an existing model and create a new one using the gr
49. ill be displayed The remainder of the main window displays the properties of the active model We will get back to that later amp Plasimo home jan src gum cvs input demosuite bulkhg gum File Run Help OB F FA Global settings Model editor v Model Author Author maintainer of this model 4 Plugins E Y Jan van Dijk j an plasimo phys tue nl v MainlterConfig kasi gt Discretizer SteadyStai Version File version PlasmaRegion Temper Y Id bulkhg gum v 1 23 2013 03 28 16 21 54 jan Exp gt Gridlcylindricall vess Flow Simple Annotation ExtraField MassCons A simple model to calculate the convection in a high pressure mercury ExtraField MachNum lamp given the power as an input to the model This is purely a bulk ExtraField StreamFui Single fluid model radiation chemical reactions between species etc are NOT taken into account Temperature gt IterConfig gt BoundaryConditioi Function InputPower gt Viscosity gt ThermalConductivity gt Cp rho gt Cv InitPressure gt InitViews E lt gt Other entries Figure 2 2 A screen shot of Plasimo s graphical user interface GUI The screen shot has been taken just after loading an existing model named bulkhg gum 1 New button gives you the possibility to create a new model by selecting a model type from the pop up menu 2 Open pops up a file dialog which allows you to load a model by selecting an existing input file A num
50. ined by the power density Wm e The heavy particle temperature is among others ruled by the electron density and the pres sure the plasma size So increasing ne leads to higher T values 4 6 Transonic jet model Example input file transonicjet gum Location input demosuite A model of a transonic jet with multiple shock waves is treated in this section Description of the complete model and detailed information you can find in 5 Source chamber 3 T SC Magnet 2 Vessel 5 hamb arget chamber P A Arc ENE AO To target chamber for analysis 3 1 Wall 4 Inlet sara is esting kaskas Targat 2 Obstruction 5 Outlet RF heating 3 Axis Figure 4 5 Geometry 25 Algorithm e SIMPLE Karki corrections e Incompressible Ap gt Av e Compressible Ap gt Av Ap e Karki corrections take into account influence p on p Different flow regimes The inlet and outlet pressure can be changed in the Model editor tab Model PlasmaRegion Flow Pressure Function initialization Model PlasmaRegion Flow Pressure BndConfig BndCond boundary conditions The results can be seen in the Model data tab Data DefaultCylindricalGrid Plasma Barycentric Data DefaultCylindricalGrid Plasma Field real valued MachNumber e Set the Karki correction Model PlasmaRegion Flow Pressure to 0 0 does the model still converge Data General Convergence log e What happens when you lower the inlet pressure can you obtain a subsonic
51. is located under the Mixture node 20 Ele Run Help Extra file Run Help Extra Global settings Model editor Model data Global settings Model editor Model data Model MicroDischargel deltax The size of each grid cell in the x direction v ModellMicroDischarge gt Plugins Aum gt Plugins gt InitViews 2 gt InitViews EMIMicroDischargel EM MicroDischarge y Configuration deltaY The size of each grid cell in the y direction v Configuration gt MaterialList 0005 m y gt MaterialList mdGeometry mdGeometry GeometryMatrix Coordsystem Coordinate system GeometryMatrix gt Schedule o eeen Schedule 7 gt Mixture MicroDischarg gt DataFiles EAS gt mdScheduleBlock gt Mixture MicroDischarg Other entries Paused Paused a Geometry parameters b Geometry Matrix Figure 4 1 Accessing the geometry parameters and matrix An increase of pressure causes all the negative zones cathode dark space negative glow and Faraday dark space to be compressed towards the cathode A decrease of pressure naturally causes the reverse effect the negative zones expand and their boundaries become more diffuse The positive column is driven into the anode and disappears altogether when the pressure is sufficiently low Potential and current To define the potential as a function of time select mdScheduleBlock located in the Schedule node in the Model Editor
52. mo maintainers There are a few things to think of when using the text editor window Firstly disabled leafs occur in raw text format with an underscore _ prepended Secondly make sure to quote items inside this entry which consist of multiple words As an example an entry which specifies a name should be written as Name Jan van Dijk instead of Name Jan van Dijk In the latter case you will perhaps get an error when Plasimo interprets this entry but more likely the part van Dijk will be silently ignored The text control correctly handles special characters so newlines tabs and backslashes can be safely used 3 4 The Data Window After installing the model an additional tab windows has appeared named Model data You will see that the available data in this window have been organized as a tree displayed on the left The tree consists of a model dependent data which may be grouped into sections of related 13 variables As a minimum a section called General has been created for every Plasimo model Not surprisingly its contents provide some general information about the model such as the status of the calculation you may think of data like elapsed time and the number of iterations This can be activated by double clicking on the item Common data inside section General 9 e Plasimo home jan src gum cvs input demosuite bulkhg gurr File Run Help Extra DEJES ADDO Global settings Model editor Model data v Data Tem
53. most flexible type since it accepts any mathematical expression see the documentation for the mathparser for more details For increased flexibility certain functions are available to use species properties in the rate coefficients namely Temperature Density Mass Charge and Weight Tn addition the Global Model plugin allows the user to define constants and functions that can subsequently be used in expressions in CustomRate type rate coefficients This will be explained in more detail in the section Declares The ApplyDB option indicates whether detailed balancing needs to be applied to automatically include the reverse process This will not result in an extra reaction but only in a modified rate The processes included in the volume relations are de excitation ionization and radiation the rates of which are adopted from the original model WallRelations Wall relations are internally identical to Volume Relations They are only included as a service to the user to distinguish between these two classes of processes In this particular input file a different way of including transport of ions is used as compared to what is described earlier in this manual where only extra sources were used Here an additional dummy species Ar is used representing argon ions at the wall Since this ion wall species has identical properties as the bulk ion species the disappearance of ions to the wall can be written as a reaction which no
54. ns will move in opposite direction away from the screen To see clearly the moving of the particle cloud rotate the plot as shown in figure 4 4 4 5 Argon cascaded arc model Example input file ArArc8_KG gum Location input demosuite This model deals with a plasma created in an arc by means of a DC current The plasma source has the shape of a cigarette it is a cylinder with a radius of about 2mm and a length of about 60mm The current creating this plasma is about 50 A We write about because you can play with these plasma control parameters and look what effect they have on the plasma properties like the electron density and temperature ne Te the gas temperature Tg and the flow field velocities After loading the model it can be explored by navigating through the leaves in the Model editor The main sections that are present are e MainIterConfig This section contains some parameters to control the iterations e PlasmaRegion The input data is organized in the following subsections Grid contains specifications of the geometry coordinates and involved materials TemperatureHP This section describes the heavy particle temperature It contains a separate boundary condition BndConfig for every wall and control of the iterations is handled in the IterConfig subsections TemperatureEL Similar to TemperatureHP only now for the electron temperature Mixture This describes the composition of the pl
55. oupling Figure 4 7 Geometry Algorithm e Finite Differences in Frequency Domain e Full Vector TM Transversal Magnetic E E Hs Conversion from Radial to Coaxial solution Install the program and run it Plot the normalized magnetic field Ho Data cyl em region Field complex H ud The excitation boundary creates a wave in r direction When it reaches the coupling the wave is converted into a wave propagating in z direction An open boundary condition 2 prevents 27 most of the reflection and almost no standing wave pattern is created in the coaxial waveguide However in the radial parallel plate waveguide there is a standing pattern due to the reflection with the metal wire at the axis e Go to the Model editor and select in the hierarchical tree Model Grid Geometry CellMatrix You can now modify the geometry and draw a triangle pyramidal cylinder in 3D such as the one shown in the figure below thy 5 x x 1 Coaxial gt 4 3 gt 1 Metal Wall 3 Axis 2 Open Boundary 4 Coupling Right click and Select Material Choose the Metal Change the materials cells to metal by left clicking on them Note that you can also enable the other section CellMatrix where the triangle is already included What happens to the standing waves in the radial waveguide e Change the boundary 2 from the open boundary condition plane wave tangential E fields to the homogeneous Dirichlet condition null
56. perature OpenGL StreamFunction OpenGL gt gt General gt grids OpenGL v vessel v interior 3 6999e H gt Field 3 vector gt Field real valued gt Field vector 3 14996 0 gt Miscellaneous v Phi variable gt zvelocity r velocity phi velocity v Temperature OpenGL 2 0500e gt Text 2 6000e 1 1 5000e 0 Paused Figure 3 2 A screen shot of Plasimo s graphical user interface GUI The screen shot has been made during a run of the model bulkhg gum and shows an OpenGL plot of the temperature of the plasma region For most of the Plasimo models of particular interest is the section Interior Phi vari able which contains some important primary plasma parameters like the bulk velocity pressure densities For each data item a viewer can be created Creating a viewer can be easily achieved by moving the mouse over the data item Temperature say and double click on it will open the default OpenGL viewer and you get the result shown in figure 3 2 The viewers are visible at the right hand side of the data window and are displayed as a series of tab windows Please take a moment to see what data are there Additional viewers are available and you can choose one by clicking the right mouse button in the selected item This will pop up a menu which offers the option Add view Some additional functionalities of the various viewers are discussed in the following section 3
57. plication Execution on Windows In order to facilitate starting the executables under an MS Windows environment a set of batch files is shipped with the distribution these can be found in the Plasimo root directory You can start the version of Plasimo with the graphical user interface by simply executing the script Plasimo bat which resides in the PLASIMO root directory for example with Windows Explorer Together with two console windows the PLASIMO main window appears The second console window shows the log of PLASIMO After starting the application with an empty model you should see a window like that in figure 2 1 a Execution on Linux Unix As part of the build process some information about the location of various files is recorded and stored in two scripts set plasimo local and set plasimo The first is used when one wishes to run the version of Plasimo at the location where it was build the latter when one wishes to use an installed version of Plasimo Ele Bun Help DESS FA Global settings Model editor X Hela Windan TF Annotation 7 Next Up Previous Contents Next Model ModelLTE Up Model Previous Model ModelConvection Contents Model TemperatureBulkModel The temperature bulk model solves the basic fluid equations together with the energy balance in the form of the temperature equation The source term for this temperature equation has to be specified as a function over space It can be u
58. program provides numerous additional features to retrieve old versions inspect the development history of files comparing different versions by date release identifier et cetera Check out the on line CVS manual for details Setting up CVS Assuming you have read access rights you can use cvs to obtain the sources from the CVS repository on the Plasimo server plasimo phys tue nl Because the server has been configured to accept secure encrypted connections only you also need secure shell ssh which will normally be installed on Unix Linux machined The first step is to instruct your cvs client to use ssh This can be done by setting the CVS RSH environment variable to ssh How this should be done depends on the shell you are using Bourne shell bash users do export CVS_RSH ssh while the C shell csh tcsh expects setenv CVS_RSH ssh Check the manual of your shell if you are in doubt It is convenient to have these variables set automatically by your shell s initialisation script otherwise you need to set them every time you open a shell to start using cvs Checking out the Files Now that we are equipped to use cvs we may do an initial checkout of the sources Firstly switch to the directory where you want to install the sources Then issue the command cvs q d ext name plasimo usr local src cvs checkout gum It may be necessary that you provide the fully qualified name of the server instead of just Plasimo namely plasimo
59. rity settings might prevent installation of this package which can be amended under Security amp Privacy in your System preferences by temporarily setting Allow apps downloaded from to Anywhere Apart from the two compilers a number of additional tools a required which can be installed using the MacPorts project similar projects such as Fink and homebrew have not been tested The easiest way to install MacPorts is by downloading the appropriate dmg from the website http www macports org opening it and running the installer package pkg This sets up a minimal install in opt local and sets required environment variables The port command can then be used to install MacPorts packages Make sure XCode is installed and you have agreed to the license agreement before installing MacPorts Interaction with MacPorts and compilation of Plasimo is done from the command line using a terminal OSX is equipped with a terminal emulator which can be found in Applications Utilities MacPorts are continually updated similar to Linux distribution repositories Bringing your MacPorts install up to date can be achieved by issuing the command sudo port v selfupdate followed by sudo port upgrade outdated To install a MacPorts package the following command must be used sudo port install lt packagename gt Table B 2 3 lists the required packages CVs automake autoconf libtool boost f2c wxWidgets 3 0 graphviz devel
60. sections only at locations where the model will actually look for them By clicking on the check box with the RMB a pop up menu appears which offers the following choices e Cut Removes the active node and the contents is copy to the clipboard e Copy Copy the active node e Paste Paste the copied cut node e Paste into section Paste a copied node into the active section e Disable this disables the entry if it is enabled Disabled sections can be recognized by the light up color e Enable this enables the entry if it is disabled Pressing the right mouse button over a disabled section pops up a menu which allows to re enable the section e Undo all changes This option will undo the results of editing the active node Node that after switching to another node editing can no longer be undone e Add Add a relevant context dependent section It is possible to have multiple choices After one is selected a small addition window appears with the following options Create default section This will create a section with the default specifications Note that the relevant subsections will not be created recursively Copy file into a section This option allows you to copy data structures from external files It works like this the model will copy the data from an external file and paste it in your input model file Include file as a section This option also allows the usage of external data files But it works slightly different t
61. sed to solve convection problems It also serves as a direct replacement of the earlier convection model which is now obsolete If you want to achieve the exact same result use the Fixed leaf in the Temperature section together with the CLosedsystem leaf in the Region section Other entries The leaf Closed System has the effect of conserving the total mass in the system by adding a constant offset pressure after each iteration to correct for any mass loss or gain The method by which this is done is described in Jan van Dijk s thesis chapter 6 7 in particular the section on a single species gas at non uniform pressure The information used to ensure mass conservation comes from the InitPressure section If the Closed System leaf is disabled this section is still used but for initialization only As the bulk model does not contain any collision integrals transport coefficients such as the viscosity and the thermal conductivity need to be specified as functions These can be functions of any other parameter in the model eg pressure mass density or A temneratura a Plasimo graphical user interface b Help window Figure 2 1 Two screen shot of Plasimo s graphical user interface GUI The screen shot of the main window left figure has been taken just after starting the application when no model file has been loaded yet The elements of the main window left figure are a menu bar a tool button bar and set of tab
62. ser s needs it must be prepared for running Press the Install button to do this This will do all kinds of necessary one time installations and perform various checks on the sanity of the model file Installing a model might therefore take some time typically up to a few seconds If anything goes wrong during installation a message box will be popped up telling the user what went wrong After the problems have been solved one can try to install the model once more 7 When the model is successfully installed additional buttons are activated These are e Run Run the successfully installed model e Proceed one step All models are assumed to run in steps A step can be either a time step or an iteration Selecting this item causes a paused model to do one such step This can be useful if you use the application interactively for example to find out the reasons for divergence of otherwise unexpected behavior e Stop Pauses a running model this can be useful to inspect intermediate results For more information how to modify an existing model and how to manipulate the input data please follow the steps in 4 Information about all the functionalities if the graphical user interface of Plasimo please read chapter 3 Chapter 3 The Graphical User Interface This chapter discusses the usage of the graphical user interface GUI its functionalities such as the various model editors settings and model specific GUI extensions
63. sumes that you already have the rights for downloading Plasimo and you have decided which version of Plasimo you want to use The Plasimo packages can be downloaded from the Plasimo s web page http plasimo phys tue nl generated docs index html Depending on your operating system proceed to the relevant section below For Microsoft Windows users Download the compressed zip file for Windows 2000 binary distribution of the chosen version of Plasimo Extract the files on your hard drive We recommend to extract the files in your home directory A typical installation directory may be C Users jan The zip archive puts all files in a subdirectory with the name Plasimo so you end up with a directory C Users jan Plasimo This directory will be called the Plasimo root directory hereafter Note that you do not need to have administrator rights to install the modeling package as long as you have write access to the installation directory In particular installing Plasimo does not require changes to the Windows Registry For Unix Linux users openSUSE You can use the default Installer that will guide you in the installation procedure or you can save the rpm file and execute the command below after replacing the XXX with the correct rpm file name zypper install plasimo XXX XXX rpm In both cases root privileges are needed to install Plasimo The installation directory is opt For Unix Linux users with access to the source code
64. t is necessary to install the model again before it is run Below are few examples of changes using the graphical user interface e Geometry a Cylindrical coordinate system To change the Cartesian system into a Cylindrical coordinate system is relatively easy First in the Model editor tab you must expand the Configuration node in the tree by clicking the symbol Then select mdGeometry On the right hand side the geometry parameters will be shown see Fig 4 1 a From the drop down menu Coordinate system select cylindrical instead of cartesian Note When a cylindrical geometry is used axis of symmetry is located at the bottom of the geometry matrix In Cartesian coordinates the bottom row in the matrix represents a dielectric In cylindrical coordinates this row must be removed To change this open the subsection GeometryMatrix Please click on the lowest gray cell to the left of the matrix This will active the last row Next right click somewhere in the matrix and choose Cut section The resulting grid looks like that in figure 4 1 b e Distance between the electrodes To change the distance between the electrodes or the radius of the discharge you must only change deltaX or deltaY Fig 4 1 a If you decrease the distance between the electrodes you should observe a decrease of the positive column length e Pressure To change the pressure you must first select the ModelEditor tab and then select GasList which
65. tab In the Schedule section time has been divided into ranges so called ScheduleBlock s and for each of those one needs to specify the potential of each of the electrode materials At the moment the order in which the different Potentials appear in the ScheduleBlock must match the order of the different electrode materials defined in the MaterialList v File Bun Help Extra DESL Y a DDO Global settings Model editor Model data Model MicroDischarge yo value of the potential gt Plugins y 400 V 7 gt Initviews md EMIMicroDischargel Annotation y Configuration gt MaterialList y mdGeometry GeometryMatrix Schedule gt DataFiles mdScheduleBlock Other entries Potential Constan Potential Constan gt Mixture MicroDischarg Paused Figure 4 2 Setting the potential of the first electrode If the potential is raised the length of the cathode dark space decreases whereas the length of the negative glow increases slightly In reality there is also an increase in the current 21 through the discharge and conseguently a general increase in the brightness of the luminous parts since more energy is now being dissipated in the gas and some of this appears as additional radiation e Material of the cathode The cathode has a marked effect upon the voltage necessary to maintain the discharge Lower voltages are needed when the cathode is a good emitter of electrons under bombardment
66. tangential E fields You should notice a standing wave appearing in the coaxial waveguide 4 8 Global Model Example input file zdm_Ar gum Location input demosuite This simple argon model is inspired by a model by Ashida et al 6 It is a Global Model that calculates the densities of species and reaction rates of processes between these species as a function of time in a cylindrical geometry Additionally the electron energy density balance is solved The Global Model calculates volume averaged quantities It is therefore a type of Zero Dimensional Model ZDM though this does not mean that the goal is to model a point in space but rather some volume as a whole where no transport inside that volume is taken into account The main parts of the input file are the following sections 1 Species The model contains three argon species ground excited ion and the electron species The definition of the species is rather straightforward and is mostly characterized by defining their unique name by which they can be used in reactions energy elemental composition and charge 2 VolumeRelations Reactions called Relation in Plasimo are defined by a Format for the reaction formula and 28 a rate coefficient Rate coefficients called Rate in Plasimo can be defined in many ways such as Arrhenius rate coefficients and look up tables In this particular input file only rate coefficients of the type CustomRate are used This is the
67. this is available under the name gmake instead This will create the required libraries and the Plasimo main applications Depending on the options which were passed to configure the wxWidgets based graphical front end the OpenGL extensions the documentation and the executables in the samples subdirectories will be compiled as well Note that a fresh build takes a considerable amount of time perhaps an hour or more 38 If you have updated to a different version of Plasimo see B 1 you are safe if you repeat all the steps above You may save some time however e If you know that none of the configure in files have changed you can skip the makeconf sh step In case of doubt always run makeconf sh or gmake f Makefile dist in the gum source directory e If you want to recompile with the same configuration options as before you don t need to create a new build directory but you can use one of those that you created before Change to your build directory whether it s new or not e If you are sure that none of the Makefile am files have changed you can as well skip the configure step As above In case of doubt rerun the configure command e If you run configure again in an already existing build directory you probably want to use the same configuration as before To this end configure has been made to emit the script reconfigure in the build directory This will invoke configure with the same arguments as the last time
68. thode fall region Cathode dark space Most of the potential drop between the electrodes occurs in the cathode dark space This is a region with a strong electric field due to the positive space charge in front of the cathode The strong field accelerates ions toward the cathode and electrons toward the negative glow region The electrons ejected from the cathode are accelerated and gain energies up to the cathode fall Select the EM region node for the Potential Ex and Volume charge Density and the Discharge Region for the Flux x of the ions and electrons and the mean electron energy e Negative glow In the negative glow an intense electron impact ionization occurs The electrons lose their energy and the E field drops to almost zero Select the Discharge Region node for the reaction rate and the power dissipation of the electrons e Faraday dark space As the electrons have dissipated their energy excitation and ionization will become less and less frequent because electrons do not gain energy in the weak field In this region the longitudinal field gradually increases to the E field in the positive column e positive column In this region the potential gradient is practically constant and electron impact ionization occurs throughout this region Variation of the conditions Changing of the input parameters can be done in Model editor tab Optionally you can change the input file using you favorite text editor After every change i
69. w are all coordinate specific D Open a dialog window that allows you to configure the way the active coordinate x y or z is handled inside the plot You can control the coordinate range and the usage of a log scale A help window is available inside the dialog window a Increase the position of the lower clipping plane A Decrease the position of the lower clipping plane b Increase the position of the upper clipping plane B Decrease the position of the upper clipping plane 1 Toggle between linear and logarithmic axes MathPlot WireFrame This viewer is suitable for plotting data in a X Y format This is the default viewer in Plasimo for plotting this type of data Pressing the right mouse button the pop up menu will give you a list of all options available for this plot UC WireFrame This viewer is an other option for plotting data in a X Y format Pressing the right mouse will give you the useful option to export the data of the plot as ASCII PlotMtv Choosing this option Plasimo will prepare the data to be plot using PlotMtv program Of course this requires that you have installed the program PlotMtv Then the plot will be visualized in external PlotMtv window The viewer is suitable especially for vector plots Grid This viewer shows the data for one field variable as a spreadsheet The cells in the spreadsheet are placed to resemble the positions of the corresponding data field variable in the master
70. w describes the transformation of bulk ion species to wall ion species Since the wall ion species is not included anywhere else in the model it has no further influence on the model This separate wall species allows the user to track the total number of particles reaching the wall as a function of time The other elements in this recombination process return of neutral argon and energy loss still need to be taken care of by introducing extra source terms The second wall relation is the deexcitation of excited argon at the wall as described earlier in this model ExtraSources To complete the model three additional sources must be included namely energy losses due to elastic collisions kinetic energy losses at the wall and neutral argon coming back from wall recombination Again all three source terms have a rate coefficient described by a CustomRate Together with the VolumeRelations and the WallRelations all processes have been taken into account so the plugin can construct the complete balance equations Declarations The rate coefficients for processes can become quite complex An example of this is the rate coefficient for ion recombination at the wall Aeff Krecomb Ar S uB 4 1 which in the model by Ashida when completely written out is 1 2 K 0 86 3 0 2nR recomb Art TR2L E 2 kpT 0 80 40 RL EE Nneutral Oi Mar where R and L are the radius and length of the cylindrical vessel an
71. xt with a discussion of the model editors and how you can edit a model using the GUL 3 3 The Model Editor Window Initially the Model editor window has been activated It is one of the tab windows previously mentioned and allows the user to create new model or edit existing one Only one Plasimo model can be active multiple documents are not supported 10 In general the structure of the Model editor window resembles the interface of most file managers showing the directory section tree on the left Tree editor while the window on the right shows the contents of the active section Leaf editor 3 3 1 The Tree Editor The tree view shows the nodes or sections which are at the basis of the hierarchic structure of Plasimo input files Please note that the structure is recursive that is sections may contain sub sections themselves Each section contains a group of conceptually related subsections and variables A section can be activated by clicking the left mouse button on the section entry in the tree The variables which belong to the active subsection are shown in the section window at the right hand side Furthermore in the Help window a detailed description of this section is displayed If you want to add a subsection click the right mouse button on the section to which you want to add it This will pop up a context sensitive menu which allows you to make an appropriate selection This way it is guaranteed that you add sub

Plasimo User Guide

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents