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TOCHNOG PROFESSIONAL User's manual Version 22

1. 7 842 post _point_eps_iso index eps Tolerance with which a post_point is accepted to be part of an element The default value is 1 e 3 You can increase the default value if a post_point is exactly on or over the border of the mesh so that the post_point may be not found typically try 0 1 or so 7 843 post_quadrilateral_dof index dof_0 dof_1 Average dofvalues at a selected quadrilateral See post_quadrilateral 281 7 844 post_quadrilateral_dof_calcul See post_calcul 7 845 post_quadrilateral_n index n Use n post_point records in each direction to evaluate the dof s along the quadrilateral Default nis 5 See post_quadrilateral 7 846 post strain volume absolute index volume_increase_absolute This record will hold after the calculation the absolute volume increase summed over the ele ments that are selected in the strain_volume_ element strain_volume element_group and strain_volume geometry records with the same index The actual volume increase which you will find in this post_strain_volume_absolute record will depend on the relative volume strain or absolute volume increase that you specified but also on stiffnesses of neighboring zones boundary conditions etc You can use this post_strain_volume_absolute result to decide to manually change the specified relative volume strain or absolute volume increase and rerun the calculation 7 847 post_strain_volume_initial index volume_initial Initial volume of s
2. 7 912 slide_user index switch If switch is set to yes the user supplied routine for slide friction is called See also the file user cpp in the distribution 7 913 slide _damping index damping_n damping_t This specifies the normal damping and tangential damping for sliding See also control_slide_damping_apply 7 914 slide_stiffness index stiffness_n stiffness_t This specifies the normal stiffness and tangential stiffness for sliding See also control_slide_stiffness_apply 7 915 smooth dof_0 dof_1 With this option you can specify that solution fields should be smoothed Tochnog will smooth away space oscillations in the field By example specify smooth pres to smooth groundflow hydraulic head oscillations 7 916 smooth factor factor This factor determines how strong the smoothing should be done With factor is 0 there is no smoothing With factor is 1 the smoothing is maximal Default factor is 1 You typically may want to experiment with this factor to find out what the optimal value is for you specific calculation 7 917 smooth_n number_of_smoothing Default the smooth operator will be applied once only That means that dof oscillation in a node are only smoothed with the direct neighbour nodes To spread that smoothing over more nodes set the number_of_smoothing to a higher than 1 value then the smoothing will be done number_of_smoothing times so that smoothing spreads over larger areas 7 918 solver solver_
3. e Run a new calculation with new dat This can also be done with a database that is written as indermediate database in a previous calculation by example directly after gravity See also icontrol 10 4 Use node as geometry entity As a special option you can use a node as a geometrical entity By example the following imposes a boundary condition on the temperature of node 6 bounda_dof 10 node 6 temp Notice that node 6 is used in the format of a geometry entity 10 5 Use geometry_list as geometry entity As a special option you can use a list as a geometrical entity By example the following imposes a boundary condition on the nodes of geometry list 6 308 geometry_list 6 54 43 26 38 62 bounda_dof 10 geometry_list 6 temp 10 6 List input files with options You can search for input files in your distribution which contain multiple words By example change to the test other directory Suppose you want to see in which files you can see transient consolidation in a deforming soil In linux use the following command to list input file grep il materi_velocity dat xargs grep il groundflow_capacity xargs grep il groundflow_consolidation In MS Windows use windows explorer Search Advanced options File contents and search for materi_velocity AND groundflow_capacity AND groundflow_consolidation 10 7 Geometrically linear material Either do this e Initialise materi_velocity and materi_displacemen
4. 102 This option works more or less the same as the area_element_group option Read that description first With this option however you can specify what the element group numbers of an area geometry or set of element numbers will be in time This allows for an easy modeling of change of material models This option works in combination with the area_element_group_sequence_ records with the same index Selection of elements for which the element group changes over time With area_element_group_sequence_geometry you select the area geometry for which the time sequence of group numbers should be used With area_element_group_sequence you select the elements for which the time sequence of group numbers should be used You can use both area_element_group_sequence_geometry and area_element_group_sequence to select a combination of elements in a geometry and directly specified element numbers As a completely separate option do not use any of area_element_group_sequence geometry and area_element_group_sequence at all Then at a time point time_1 the elements which have group number group_ i 1 will get new group number group_i So the previous group number of elements is used to set the current group number of elements and geometries are not used to change the group numbers With area_element_group_sequence_element you select the name of the elements for which the sequence of time versus group will be used if this area_elemen
5. The checked value 1 2 in this case has been found from a previous computation that is regarded as reliable The present computed value is compared with the earlier one If they agree within the specified tolerance 1 e 5 in this case then Tochnog is silent If they do not then Tochnog writes an error message into the file tochnog log 7 952 time calculation elapsed_time_in_seconds Elapsed computer time up to moment of printing wall clock time 7 953 time current current_time Current time in calculation 7 954 timestep_predict_velocity switch Normally tochnog will use as prediction for velocities in a timestep the previous calculated velocities from the previous timestep However if there is no inertia and convection apply is no tochnog will use as prediction for velocities in a timestep a zero velocity You can require that tochnog does the normal prediction from the previous timestep however by setting switch to yes you typically want to do that in eulerian calculations 7 955 timestep iterations_automatic_apply switch If switch is set to no any control timestep iterations_automatic records will be neglected 302 7 956 tochnog_version index version_number day month year This record contains the version number the build day the build month and the build year 7 957 tochnog_version_beta index switch This record contains the beta indicator If the indicator is yes the executable is a beta version If t
6. strtotekap tension part of total strain hardening parameter temp temperature trboslx bond slip displacement in x direction trbosly trboslz velx velocity in x direction vely velz velix integrated velocity in x direction veliy veliz void material void fraction work material second order work Furthermore xvelx denotes the spatial x derivative of velx in x direction etc Finally tvelx 185 denotes the first time derivative of velx etc The time derivative and the space derivatives are only calculated if derivatives is included in the initialization part For example the following might be seen after a print of the database echo yes number_of_space_dimensions 2 derivatives condif_temperature end _initia dof_label temp xtemp ytemp ttemp Or for example the following might be seen after a print of the database echo yes number_of_space_dimensions 2 condif_temperature end _initia dof_label temp 7 368 dof limit lower_dof_0 upper_dof_0 lower_dof_1 upper_dof_1 With this record you can specify the lower and upper allowed values for all primary dof s With lower_dof_0 you specify the lower allowed value for the first dof With upper_dof_0 you specify the upper allowed value for the first dof Etc 7 369 dof_principal number_0 number_1 This record is for printing only It is not meant as user input record After the calculation it contains for all principal dofs velocitie
7. az aay asy as 072 agz specify 9 values 7 27 bounda force index node_range dof_0 dof_1 States which ones from the list of dof s in which nodes get prescribed nodal forces The item node_range represents a range of node numbers In stead of a node range also for example geometry_line 1 can be used indicating that the nodes on line 1 get the prescribed nodal forces The items dof 0 etc can be one of the items listed at dof label However neither dis and scal can be used For a specific index only one of bounda_force and bounda_dof can be specified thus either Neumann conditions or Dirichlet conditions can be applied to a particular node but nor both Attention with this option you get the same nodal force on all the specified nodes If you want to apply a distributed force on a edge however you should use force_edge That option gives forces consistent with the displacement field so not necessarily the same for all nodes For example the nodes on the side of linear elements on a edge get only half the force As a special option you can specify also by example element_geometry 1 in stead of a node range Then nodes of elements which have element_group set to 1 will get the prescribed nodal forces Notice if several bounda_force records act on a node the imposed forces are summed See also bounda_time bounda sine and force_edge 7 28 bounda_geometry_method index node_type If boundary conditions a
8. e reading SMC files with uncorrected accelerations in bounda_dof i c w bounda time smc e direct specification of acceleration in bounda dof i c w bounda time Such baseline correction is needed to suppress artificial drift in velocity signals following from the acceleration signal The correction actually is done by adding a parabolic acceleration signal to the specified acceler ations thus giving a corrected acceleration in time The parabolic second order signal contains three constant coefficients These are determined by demanding that the corrected acceleration signal leads to a minimal sum of squared velocities over the considered time interval This correction is done over the time interval from time_start up to time_end Typically time_start time_end are the start time and the end time of the time interval in which you apply base excitation You need to specify these times in units that you actually use in your Tochnog calculation so not in the units of the SMC file If this bounda baseline correction is not specified the data will be used directly without a correction See also bounda_baseline_correction_parameters 7 21 bounda baseline correction parameters indez The parameters for the parabolic baseline correction are written in this record In future cal culations you can use the parameters yourself by setting this record in the input file then the parameters will not be determined again by the baseline correctio
9. 0 a 86 5 18 materi_plasti_diprisco_history number_of_history_variables 86 See mcs kee ee a eo ot ees gees e ee eS 86 5 20 materi_plasti_fnonlocal 0 2 00002 eee eee 86 5 21 materi_plasti_generalised_non_associate_cam_clay_for_bonded_soils_history 87 bya G Bee Pale eS eek ee ae ee 87 5 23 materi_plasti_hypo_history number_of_history_variables 87 eb bod 48 RE REDE ee dade ne HEED oe Ad ES 87 eh ee Se ee ieee eae St ee ee E 87 a Scientia ea a 87 5 27 materi plasti phimob e 88 5 28 materi_plasti_rh0 e 88 9 29 materistrain_energy 000 ee ee 88 5 30 materi strain elastil 2 2 0 0 0 a 88 fee KER S Ee EDV ES Pee hei ee tea 4 88 E okey ts te cee Dacha ar oe Be oe 88 5 33 materi strain _plasti camcelay 020000 eee eee 88 oo hee AOS A a eee a 88 cR R RR A O aa 89 Ph RR a ay a A ab eG oa A 89 5 37 materi_strain_plasti_generalised_non_associate_cam_clay_for_bonded_soils 89 5 38 materi_strain_plasti_druckpragl e 89 5 39 materi strain plasti hardsoill 89 5 40 materi_strain_plasti_laminate_mohr_coul 89 iS a Mediate H kd ee ee BR 89 Kg EE debe ay Aah eo Sok a BOL Gs 90 5 43 materi_strain_plasti mohr_coul 0200004 90 i fade Bee ca deat a EN Aia e 90 ce Be a eee da Se Boe 90 5 46 materi_ strain totall e 90 E EE ET RT ck ee R eG RT a 90 yo Beeb a ek hc ad
10. 7 806post_calcul_materi_stress_force_thickness_switch switch_element_group_0 switch_elernent_group_1 7 8llpost_data_factor index factor_0 factor_1 J 0 0 00000 0b eee 271 7 812post_data_result index resul 2 ee 272 y 7 815post_element_force_geometry index geometry_item_name geometry_item_index 274 TEORIE 7 817post_element_force_inertia index switch ooo o 274 e 274 7 819post_element force_normal index switch 2 0 0 20002 eee 274 eee 274 E A eat A id AO A RA Va A a Se 275 7 822post_integrate index data_item_name data_item_index data_ittem_number 275 7 823post_global switch o 275 7 824post_integrate_result index result o oo 276 7 825post_line inderx0y0z0x 1yl1lzll o o o o o 276 7 826post_line_operat index operat 2 6 277 Si ee eee daw he Pes bb eeee dade us 277 SR Bb ae oe A A Ia 277 Be a Beans eee eae hk Rees ee as eh PEE ee ve a 277 7 830post_node index data_item operat geometry_entity_name geometry_entity_indea 277 bob oh AW aod A A NS e E 278 dui E ra o la de 278 AA aa e 278 35 7 834post_node_rhside_free value_0 value_l 0 0 00 0 ee ee 278 i Be ay ty eee th T hy eae BALE Oe IS ee 278 7 836post_node_rhside_ratio_dof_type dof_type_0 278 ri ds dia eee eee 279 UE AA a eee oe A A 279 gt SAM God a A tada A A 279 Oe Ge A Ee Be Boe Bw 279 7 841post_quadrilateral index x 0 y0 z0 x1 y1 z1 2 y2 22 3 Y3 z 279 pouk
11. 7 876 repeat_save_result index result_0 result_1 See control_repeat_save The index is the number of repetition index 0 is repeat 0 index 1 is repeat 1 etc 7 877 repeat_save_calculate_result average_0 variance_0 average_1 variance_1 See control_repeat_save_calculate 7 878 safety_slip_circle_grid_middle index x_first y_first x_last y_last This record specifies a grid with middles of a circle for safety factor calculations With z_first y_first you specify the first middle With z_last y_last you specify the last middle With safety_slip_circle_grid_midd you specify the number of middles that should be evaluated in the safety calculation all middles together form a equidistant grid between zx first y_first and x_last y_last As a special option you can only specify zx first y first and not specify safety slip_circle_grid_middle_n then only one middle x first y first will be evaluated for the circle in the safety calculation See also control_safety_slip 7 879 safety slip circle grid middle n index n See safety_slip_circle_grid_middle 288 7 880 safety_slip_circle_grid_radius index r_first r_last This record specifies the radius of a circle for safety factor calculations With r_first you specify the first radius With r_last you specify the last radius With safety _slip_circle_grid r you specify the number of radius that should be evaluated in the safety calculation all radius to be evaluated will be p
12. 7 946 support edge normal plasti tension index switch If switch is set to yes and the normal force in the support is tension then all forces are set to 0 This models gap building between the support and the element edge 7 947 support_edge_normal_plasti_tension_double index normal_force maximum With normal _force_maximum you can limit the amount of tension force that a support can take As opposed to support_edge_normal plasti_tension you can specify a non zero value with this option If a normal force higher than this normal_force_maximum occurs it will be set to normal_force_maximum and tangential shear forces will be set to zero Typically you want to specify zero or a positive value for index normal_force maximum although a negative value is also allowed Not both of support_edge_normal_plasti_tension and support_edge_normal_plasti_tension_double can be specified All forces are per unit length in 2D and per unit area in 3D 7 948 support edge normal plasti residual stiffness index factor In case of plasticity in a support you can require that Tochnog includes a part of the original elastic stiffness in the element stiffness matrix to get more stable iterations The part of the original stiffness included needs to be specified with factor between 0 and 1 The stiffness is only included in the matrix and not in the right hand side so it will only influence convergence behaviour but not the final results if a sufficient amount of
13. Convection diffusion equation Temperature calculations Fluids Stokes and Navier Stokes Solids 44 Elasticity isotropy and transverse isotropy Elasto Plasticity Von Mises Mohr Coulomb Gurson etc plasticity surfaces can be arbi trarily combined Hypo Plasticity Von Wolffersdorff Masin cohesion intergranular strains pressure depen dent initial void ratio Damage Thermal stresses Hypoelasticity Viscoelasticity Viscoplasticity Viscosity Ground water flow equation Storage equation Wave equation Accuracy information Residues in equations can be printed plotted Error estimates for all data stresses forces temperatures etc Interaction analysis Automatic fluid solid interaction Temperature effects on fluids solids Contact analysis Contact with and without friction Frictional heat generation Bond slip Slip between reinforcement bars and concrete Frames of description Lagrangian and Eulerian Eulerian not for plasticity calculations Types of analysis Static quasi static and dynamic analysis Parallelization The following functionality is parallelized element nodal force calculation contact algorithm mapping of state variables when building a new mesh determination of boundary conditions iterative linear equations solver diagonal preconditioned biconjugate gradient solver external pardiso linear equations solver
14. Default switch is set to no 7 869 print precision number_of_values With number_of_values you can set for all printing how many values will be used at printing For example setting number_of_values to 4 the internal tochnog double 98 123456789 will be printed as 98 12 when using control_print control_print_gid etc 7 870 print_tecplot_calculation switch If you set switch to yes the tecplot files will be printed at the end of the calculation If you set switch to no the tecplot files will not be printed at the end of the calculation Default if switch is not specified it is set to yes 7 871 print vtk calculation switch If you set switch to yes the vtk files will be printed at the end of the calculation If you set switch to no the vtk files will not be printed at the end of the calculation Default if switch is not specified it is set to yes 7 872 processors nproc With this record you can set the number of CPUs you want to use nproc If your TOCHNOG implementation does not allow for more processors this record is ignored In fact not the number of processors but the number of threads is set that is if you use 2 threads while your system only supports 1 processor than those threads are split over that single processor Error messages may become confusing when you use more than one processor Default nproc is 1 7 873 processors maximum switch If switch is set to yes the processors record will be set to th
15. Fe gy dy blevad ten I gy az b ec nde 2 e2 fz g will be used In 1D only dher dev frgx should be specified In 2D only Az by Cy dy Cx fr JaAybyCydyey fygy should be specified 171 7 316 control_reset_value_multi_linear index zgvaluegzvalue Specifies the multi linear space distribution in vertical direction to which the dof s of the con trol_reset_dof record are reset A multilinear table of value versus z coordinate should be given at z the value is valueg etc The zo 21 etc should have increasing values from low to high the values should cover all coordinates in the FE mesh for with the reset is done In 1D not a z coordinate but x coordinate is used instead In 2D not a z coordinate but y coordinate is used instead 7 317 control reset_value_power index a b aybyazbz Specifies the power space distribution to which the dof s of the control_reset_dof record are reset The dependency asz ayy azz will be used In 1D only a b should be specified In 2D only azbzayby should be specified 7 318 control_reset_value_square_root index azbzCrdybyCyazb2Cz Specifies the power space distribution to which the to which dof s of the control_reset_dof record are reset The dependency agv br Crt du y dy cyy azVbz czz will be used In 1D only a b should be specified In 2D only a b a by should be specified 7 319 control_reset_value_relative index switch If switch is
16. If switch is set to yes a plastic tension limit is set in the apex of the group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul_direct with the same index This actually means a tension limit of aT If you specify group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul_direct with the same index and no group_materi_plasti_ter record then Tochnog automatically puts switch to yes in this group_materi_plasti_tension_direct_automa record 7 683 group_materi_plasti_user index switch If switch is set to yes the user supplied routine for plasticity is called See also the file user cpp in the distribution The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 684 group_materi_plasti_visco_exponential index y a This record specifies visco plasticity data for the exponential model It should be used in combi nation with a plasticity model 7 685 group_materi_plasti_visco_exponential_limit index limit This record defines the limit for the exponential viscoplasticity argument alphaf If the argument alphaf becomes larger than limit then actually limit will be used instead as argument for the exponent Default if group_materi_plasti_visco_exponential limit is not specified then 3 will be used as limit This record specifies visco plasticity data for the exponential model It should be used in combi nation with a plasticity model 7 686 group_materi_plasti_visco_exponential_name index name_0 name_1 Same as group_materi_plasti_visco_power_names now for the exponential law
17. More precise you can set how much of the extrusion as specified by the control_mesh_extrude and con trol_mesh_extrude_n records will be done for elements from a specific element_group This will result in a mesh which has different heights in different areas of the mesh The element_group_0 element_group_1 etc specify the element groups for which you want to limit the extrusion The number_0 number_1 etc specify the the amount values of n0 n1 n2 that should be used for this specific element group For example if element_group_0 is 6 and number_0 is 2 then the elements belonging to element group 6 will only be extruded with n0 and nl The remaining n2 n3 will be put to 0 for these elements For element groups which are not restricted with this control_mesh_extrude_element_group record all extrusion will be done that is all n0 n1 etc will be used As a special option you you can set the group_type of an element group in control_mesh_extrude_element_g to none then the mesh extrude will not generate the elements belonging to that group 138 7 171 control_mesh_extrude_element_group_new index element_group_old_0 element_group_old_1 element_group_new_00 element_group_new_01 element_grouz element_group_new_11 With this option you set the element_group number of the new extruded elements With element_group_old_0 element_group_old_1 etc you specify the old element_group numbers of the 2D elements which w
18. Ranges Ranges are general input formats used for indices and data values Possible ranges are illustrated by the following examples all ra 12 32 44 ra ra from 5 to 16 ra ra from 5 to 25 step 2 ra The all range is not available for indices The data values for a data item can be specified as a range if this is allowed for in the description of the data item All words in the data part or part of an index need to be preceeded with a tic In the example the node_dof records 1 to 100 are initialized node_dof ra from 1 to 100 ra 1 0 O Types of dof s Some of the dof s are principal dof s these are materi_velocity condif_temperature ground flow_pressure wave_fscalar These are the dof s which are solved by the equilibrium equations conservation laws 99 The other dof s like materi_stress and so follow from these principal dof s strains follow from displacement derivatives stresses follow from strains by material laws etc Furthermore for all the dof s we have primary values which are the dof s themselves and derived dof s which are the space and time derivatives of the primary dof s 100 7 Input file data part data records 7 1 area_element_group index geometry_entity_item geometry_entity_index ele ment_group This record is used to generate element_group records Each element all of whose nodes are part of the geometry_item will get an element_group reco
19. The plastic kinematic hardening vector p11 P12 P13 P22 P23 233 is added to the node_dof records See also group_materi_plasti_kinematic_hardening 5 29 materi strain energy The material strain energy 0 50 E is added to the node_dof records You can print or plot it to see where energy is stored after loading Also materi_stress and materi_ strain elasti should be initialised 5 30 materi_ strain elasti The elastic strain x1 8 is added to the node_dof records See also materi_strain_total 5 31 materi_ strain intergranular The intergranular strain 5 is added to the node_dof records This can be used by hypoplasticity laws see the theory section 5 32 materi_strain_plasti The plastic strain cu Pas is added to the node_dof records See also materi_strain_total 5 33 materi strain plasti camclay The plastic strain cvi Hlan specifically for the camclay model is added to the node_dof records See also materi_strain_plasti 5 34 materi strain plasti_cap The plastic strain cv Plas specifically for cap models is added to the node_dof records See also materi_strain_plasti 90 5 35 materi_strain_plasti_compression The plastic strain cv Pian specifically for the compression model is added to the node_dof records See also materi_strain_plasti 5 36 materi_strain_plasti_diprisco The plastic strain cv Pian specifically for the diprisco model is added to the node_dof records See also materi_strain_plasti 5 37 ma
20. condif_temperature control_distribute 10 lognormal node_dof all temp control_distribute_parameters 10 100 1 2 In the second example a normal distribution with average 1 and standard deviation 1 e 3 is used to the y coordinate of the nodes control_distribute 10 normal node all 1 control_distribute_parameters 10 1 1 e 3 129 In the third example a normal distribution with average 10 and standard deviation 1 is used to the young s modulus of group 7 control_distribute 10 normal group_materi_elasti_young 7 0 control_distribute_parameters 10 10 1 This control_distribute_ is presently only available on linux computers 7 125 control distribute correlation distance index maximum _distance 7 126 control_distribute_correlation_length index correlation_length See control distribute 7 127 control distribute_minimum_maximum index minimum maximum See control_distribute 7 128 control distribute parameters index mean_value standard_deviation See control_distribute 7 129 control distribute seed index seed For experts only With this record you can specify the seed which will be used to start the random series of numbers Use a positive integer value As a special option you can set seed to new then Tochnog will self choose a seed As a special option you can set seed to old then Tochnog will use the previous seed 7 130 control groundflow_consolidation_ apply index switch If switch is set to no t
21. direct solver threads and openmp based paral lelization etc 45 e Special features 2 6 Automatic time stepping large steps for good iteration behavior small steps for bad iteration behavior Automatic distribution of tendon trusses over finite elements automatic embedment Inverse modeling estimation of model parameters Restart possibility Convection wiggle stabilization both for low and high order elements Files used by Tochnog Input file For example condifl dat The input file consists of an initialization part which dof s should be solved etc and a data part elements nodes etc Runtime input file For example condifl run Use it to give Tochnog data records on the fly while it is running Plot files For example condif1_flavia msh and condif1_flavia res Database file For example after the calculation with input file condif1 dat the database file condif1 dbs will be written It contains everything nodes elements solutions fields etc On error exit for example condifl_error dbs will be generated Scratch file tochnog tmp txt Don t use this name yourself Log file tochnog log Contains log messages of calculations 46 3 Equations 3 1 Convection and diffusion of heat 3 1 1 Convection diffusion equation OT oT pC T Bi Dn ki Dae al f The primary dof is the condif temperature T Further notation p group_condif_density C group_condif_capacity x space c
22. number_of_space_dimensions values e post_solver_diagonal minimum value minimum diagonal term total matrix only for pardiso solver e post_solver diagonal minimum node node number at which the minimum value is found e post_solver_diagonal_maximum_value maximum diagonal term total matrix only for pardiso solver e post_solver_diagonal_maximum_node node number at which the maximum value is found e post_solver_diagonal_ratio ratio maximum minimum diagonal terms total matrix only for pardiso solver e post_solver_iterations total number of iterations of iterative linear equation solver only for bicg solver If you set switch to no then the information will not be determined this saves a little bit of computer time Default if post_global is not specified switch to yes 7 824 post integrate result index result See post_integrate 7 825 post line index 20 y0 z0 21 y1 z1 This record specifies a line in space for which the average or sum of the dof values will be calculated The values are placed in a record post_line_dof with the same index Internally in TOCHNOG post_point records are used to evaluate the dof s on the line In 1D only 1 0 and z_1 should be specified etc In the example below the average of the x velocity between the points 3 1 and 3 7 will be printed number_of_space_dimensions 2 materi_velocity end_data 278 post_line 1 3 1 3 7 print_filter 0 post_line_dof 1 velx c
23. say 0 4999999 or so to ensure that the result ing law only models volumetric stresses Then afterwards a normal young poisson isotropic law group_materi elasti_ young and group_materi_elasti_poisson can be added to get an extra deviatoric part 7 612 group_materi_elasti_young index E Young s modulus for solid material The index specifies the element_group see element_group 234 7 613 group_materi_elasti_young_polynomial index Eu Fa Polynomial parameters for strain dependent Young s modulus for solid material See the theory part The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 614 group_materi_elasti_young_power index po Ea Power law Young s modulus for solid material See the theory part For small p lt c po where c is a small value tochnog takes p cho to prevent numerical difficulties for small stresses The index specifies the element_group see element_group If you want to get the calculated young as output initialise with materi_history_variable 1 the history variable will be filled with the calculated young and can be plotted by example in GID See also group_materi_elasti_young_power_eps 7 615 group_materi_elasti_young_power_eps index eps To prevent problems with small young at low stresses for group_materi_elasti_young_power you can demand that pressure levels below eps po will not be used in the power law but instead eps po will actually be used at lower pressures Default eps is s
24. 10 20 30 31 20 40 41 which takes care that the interfaces generated by this command are connected together If you would have used the following control _mesh generate interface 10 20 30 31 control_mesh_generate_interface 11 20 40 41 140 The interfaces generated by the two commands will not connect See also control_mesh_generate_interface_method 7 178 control mesh generate interface method index method_select method_generate If you set method_select to element_geometry the control_mesh_generate_interface will se lect with element_geometry between which elements interfaces will be generated If you set method_generate to element_geometry the control_mesh_generate_interface will generate element_geometry records for the interface elements in stead of element_group records So by example using element_geometry element_geometry tells that the control_mesh_generate_inter in fact is index element_geometry_0 element_geometry_00 element_geometry_01 element_geometry_1 element_geometry_10 element_geometry_11 Default if control_mesh_generate_interface_method is not specified it is set to element_group element_group 7 179 control_mesh_generate_spring1 index element_group geometry_entity_item geometry_entity_ index Generate springl springs for nodes Only nodes located on the specified geometry entity will be used The generated springs will get an element_group record with value element_group So in that element group
25. 200 geometry_list 10 set the boundary condition on the nodes of the list 7 491 geometry_method index method For selecting elements with a geometry enity you can set the method either to all any or average With all all nodes of an element should be inside the geometry entity for the element to be selected completely inside With any any node of an element should be inside the geometry entity for the element to be selected at least partially inside With average the middle coordi nate of an element should be inside the geometry entity for the element to be selected Default if this record is not specified the method is set to all 7 492 geometry_point index x y z radius This data item defines a point in space Other data items can check if nodes are located on this geometry The coordinate of the point is x y z In 1D only x should be specified etc All node within a distance radius are considered to be part of the point 7 493 geometry_polynomial index ay a a 2 0 x 1 y_0 y_1 tolerance This data item defines a polynomial in space if 2D or 3D Other data items can check if nodes are located on this geometry In 2D it is the curve y do 4 2 azz In 3D it is the surface z ago 412 azy aga a4xy asy aga ara y agry agy In 2D x 21 defines the domain of x In 3D xy x defines the domain of x and yo yi defines the domain of 211 y All node with a distance that
26. 4 2 abc 1 00c y a c z dxdydz C 0 0 0 31 For the anisotropic case in 2D e af few AE Zz ae nad 32 82 and for the anisotropic case in 3D v a fox alg ES U x l y l z dzdydz 33 In order to calculate the variance reduction due to local averaging correctly all elements in the mesh should be of the same size and all elements should be regular squares If irregular elements are used exact value of y is in Tochnog approximated by calculation of y for an equivalent square element using Eq 31 with area equal to an average area of all elements in the mesh The approximate value of y requires that you use as much as possible elements of the same size and shape in the complete calculation domain 3 7 3 Monte Carlo simulations The most simple but very powerful technique to solve the probabilistic problem is a Monte Carlo technique The same problem is solved many times each time with different fields of random variables generated according to prescribed parameters The whole problem is solved in the following steps 1 Generate random fields according to Sec using control_distribute command as many times as many variables are treated as random In principle any variable can be related as random For example material parameters dof s e g history variables etc 2 Solve the problem using finite element method Collect required results of each Monte Carlo realisation int
27. 564 group groundflow permeability index pe pey pez Permeability coefficient in ground water flow in each space direction In 1D you only should specify pez etc If you specify only value then that will be used in each direction The index specifies the element group see element_group 224 7 565 group_groundflow_total_pressure_tension index plastic_tension_minimum water_height Using this option you can control that the water pressure in an element is at least the value as determined from the specified water_height More precise if the static water pore pressure as determined from the water density the gravity and the water_height exceeds the pore water pressure from the groundflow equation in absolute terms this static water pressure actually is used This is only done if the largest eigenvalue of materi_strain_plastic_tension exceeds plastic_tension_minimum To calculate the eigenvalues of materi_strain_plastic_tension you need to include post_calcul materi_strain_plasti_tension prival in the input file This option comes handy to take care that in cracks in concrete actually the largest water pressure from an environment is used It so ensures that a critical safety analysis for concrete cracking is obtained 7 566 group_hinge_memory index memory_type Memory model for hinge elements either updated_linear or total_linear The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 567 group hinge elasti penalty index penalt
28. 7 388 element hinge rotation index moment After the calculation this record will be filled with the rotation in a hinge element The index specifies the hinge element number 7 389 element_interface_intpnt_direction index normal_x_0 normal_y_0 nor mal_z_0 first_tangential_x_0 first_tangential_y 0 first_tangential_z_0 second_tangential_x second tangential_y_0 second_tangential_z_0 After the calculation this record will be filled with the direction vectors in interface element Here normal_x_0 is the x component of the normal direction in the first integration point etc 7 390 element_interface_intpnt_gap_status index status After the calculation this record will be filled with the gap status in an interface element The status is either opened of closed The index specifies the interface element number 7 391 element_interface_intpnt_materi_tension status index status After the calculation this record will be filled with the materi tension status in an interface element The status is either opened of closed The index specifies the interface element number 7 392 element interface intpnt_ strain index strain normal O strain shear first O strain shear second O strain normal 1 strain shear first 1 strain shear second 1 After the calculation this record will be filled with the normal strain the first shear strain and second shear strain in the integration points of an an interface element The values with subscript
29. 95ltarget_value index value tolerance o o 300 poh Bisa Runt y ah Ola ae A ds 300 7 953time_current current_time 2 a 300 7 954timestep_predict_velocity switch ooa a 300 7 955timestep_iterations_automatic_apply switch 24 300 Pee erry 301 7 957tochnog_version_beta index switch o oaoa a 301 7 958truss_rope_apply switch aooaa ee 301 7 959volume_factor aa 301 7 960volume_factor_x zo faco z facio Tn 301 7 96lend_data last record of data part o o ee 301 302 303 Pod paa de da a ERER E E 303 9 2 Consolidation analysis ground water flow in deforming solid 303 Gh Gee ae a Go Geer ee eee E 304 be eae eee ee ATEOS dy era eee cA 304 RaW ea oS AO oh ee eee A Bo RET E 305 10 Final topics input trouble save memory cpu time 306 Heh ee eo POT RR aH BO Ho Ro es 306 10 2 Checking your geometry_ records 2 0 00 00 306 A o e ee N os 306 E TATE H ets Sees 306 C 306 a pai he Rie AA 307 10 7 Geometrically linear material 307 E E E leer ae tp EB wae eve eevee eat eee Oe eer eS 307 blown ge ad Pk TE ee ne oo we Bs 308 Site A Aho E See ethers ghee SNES Boe ae 308 Mid ie hae bh ew aR a eee a N Ge eee fe a 309 40 US Se T CPU T THH 309 10 13Saving computer HOO a 309 10 14Inaccurate results 309 10 15 Element sides a 310 A A a ute ie a ee Gu dae eB ae S 310 Laaa he A A ace a or BE bee US eS a aa
30. A 310 GMs Hues ea ene ee ee ge AR OA eee Se e 310 312 Al 1 Conditions All conditions from the Tochnog Order form apply See our internet page for the latest order form 42 2 Basic information 2 1 pdf and HTML manual This manual comes both as pdf and HTML files The HTML files are automatically generated this is not always perfect and typically the syntax of data records may contain errors In case of trouble please always consult the pdf manual 2 2 How to perform a calculation and how to get started Create an input file e g problem dat The default input file is tochnog dat which will be used if no other input file is specified Thus the command tochnog or tochnog tochnog dat yields output on the screen while tochnog tochnog dat gt tochnog out redirects the output to a file On a Unix system you can run the job in the background with tochnog tochnog dat gt tochnog out amp On a Microsoft windows system you need to run from a DOS shell Use the condifl dat test to get started e Copy condif1 dat to tochnog dat e Use your favorite editor to open the file tochnog dat and study it e Change echo to yes e Remove the parentheses surrounding the control print statement and save the file e Run by typing tochnog or tochnog tochnog or tochnog tochnog dat e Study the output on the screen e Study the tochnog log file e Study the tochnog dbs file It contains the database after the calculation and is an inpu
31. Data for Von Mises Nadai hardening The sigmayo of the group_materi_plasti_vonmises record is taken as sigmayo in the nadai law The index specifies the element_group see element_group Condition materi_plasti_kappa should be initialized 248 7 693 group_materi_stokes index switch If switch is set to yes then stokes flow is used The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 694 group_materi_umat index switch If switch is set to yes then the user supplied umat routine is called for the element group indez See also the section about user supplied routines at the end of this manual 7 695 group_materi_umat_parameters index parameter_0 parameter_1 User supplied parameters for group_materi_umat 7 696 group_materi_umat_pardiso_decompose index switch If switch is set to yes and an umat routine is present Tochnog will ask the pardiso solver to decompose the system matrix each and every iteration of each and every timestep If switch is set to no and an umat routine is present Tochnog will ask the pardiso solver to decompose the system matrix only once please realise however that because of other input file options the decomposition possibly can be done more than once Default if switch is not defined it is set to yes 7 697 group_materi_undrained_capacity indez C Capacity for undrained analysis See the theory section for details on undrained analyses 7 698 group materi viscosity index v Dynam
32. The size of the total plastic strains rate is measured by the materi_plasti_kappa parameter R 4 0 5 79 The size of the shear plastic strains rate is measured by the materi_plasti_kappa_shear parameter kshear Ea 05 a where the plastic shear strains are defined by shear plas __ plas plas plas plas Eij Eg S dije 633 3 61 These parameters and cheur can be used for isotropic hardening Use the dependency_diagram for this Kinematic Hardening The materi_plasti_rho matrix p governs the kinematic hardening in the plasticity models It is used in the yield rule and flow rule to get a new origin by using the argument o pij gos E oi _ Pis few JE oij pis where the rate of the matrix p is taken to be x plas Pij a Gj where a is a user specified factor see group_materi_plasti_kinematic_hardening Plastic heat generation The plastic energy loss can be partially turned into heat rate per unit volume q plas q N Gij Eig where n is a user specified parameter between 0 and 1 specifying which part of the plastic energy loss is turned into heat see group_materi_plasti_heat_generation 3 2 4 Hypo Plasticity In hypoplasticity a direct relation is used between strain rates and effective stress rates Rigid body rotations objectivity are treated elsewhere see the section on memory The effective stress tensor gij follows from the total stress tensor gi minus any
33. We explain the logic in 3D with examples By example if n 2 the polynomial is ag az a2 specify 3 values By example if n 5 the polynomial is ay a ag dal a4 asz specify 6 199 values By example if n 8 the polynomial is ag a x agx as 04Y asy as 072 082 specify 9 values 7 433 force_edge_normal_geometry index geometry_entity_name geometry_entity_index Selects the area for which the force_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied For example geometry_line 1 can be used in 2D indicating that the nodes on line 1 get the distributed force The total edge of an element must be inside the geometry for the force to become active For 2D elements the border lines are edges For 3D elements the border surfaces are edges 7 434 force_edge_normal_node index node_0 node_1 node_2 Selects the nodes for which the force_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied The node_0 etc specify global node numbers 7 435 force edge normal node factor index factory factor Nodal multiplication factors with which the force of force_edge_normal will be applied to the nodes of force_edge_normal node You need to specify a factor for each node Here factory is the multiplication factor for the first node on the side etc 7 436 force_edge_normal sine index start_time end_time freq 0 amp_0 freq_1 amp_1 Same as force_edge_sine now for normal edge loads however 7 437 force_edge_norma
34. activate gravity index switch 159 J dol Aad ate T RRR Bee a 160 7 274control_print_gid_old index sutell 160 7 27ocontrol_print_gid_other index switch 2 0 ee ee 160 7 276control_print_gid_save_difference index switch oo o o 160 16 7 277control_print_gid_safety_slip_critical index switch 160 sR wah a wa BR Bee N 160 7 279control_print_gid_truss_vector index switch oo o 161 o 161 7 281control print_gmsh index switch 2 161 7 282control_print_gmsh_deformed_mesh index switch o o o 162 7 283control_print_gmsh_dummy index switch 2 0 oo 162 7 284control print_gmsh element data index switch ooo o o 162 7 285control_print_history index data_item_name_0 data_item_index_0 number_0 162 7 286control_print_interface_stress index suitCh oo o 162 7 287control print_interface_stress_2d_coordinates index Ustart Ystart Lend Yena 163 7 288control_print_interface_stress_3d_geometry index geometry_item_name geome e a ass a a a esa ia 163 7 290control_print_materi_stress_force index Method o o 163 7 291control print_mesh_dof index switch o oo 163 7 292control_print_node index data_item_name number_0 numberl 164 AA 164 7 294control print_node_angular_middle index x middle y middle 2 middle 164 7 295control_print_node_geometry index geometry_item_name geometry_item_index 164 Evid ciples Me a do or a ee oa T
35. additional non saturated capacity as defined above After definition of the effective saturation Se Sresidu A oe Ssat R Sresidu the relative permeability factor is defined as 2 kroa 8 Se 1 des SR a 78 To use the model you need to specify the saturated parameters group_groundflow_capacity and group_groundflow_permeability as usual specify the porosity in group_porosity spec ify specific van Genuchten parameters in group_groundflow_nonsaturated_vangenuchten and initialise groundflow_saturation in the initialisation part Since the model is strongly linear it might be needed to specify a relaxation of say 0 1 with control_relaxation to obtain convergence 3 5 3 Consolidation analysis Look in the Consolidation section of the Interaction analyzes and advanced analyzes chapter in the end of this manual on how to perform consolidation analyzes combined groundwater flow with soil stress analyzes In case you have groundflow_total_pressure_limit set to 0 and the total pressure is 0 then Tochnog assumes that there is no water so the consolidation part in the equations will also be skipped In case you have groundflow_total_pressure_limit set to a high positive value this will not be done so the consolidation part will also be used in case the total pressure is 0 or positive 79 3 6 Wave equation Os _ y Os s O s e onza daa da Os C The primary dof s are the wave_scalar s and its
36. ake a ga Gl ta ie ae 286 7 87 repeat_save_calculate_result average_0 variance_0 average_1 variance_1 286 7 878safety_slip_circle_grid_middle index x_ first y first x last y_last 286 7 879safety_slip_circle_grid_middle_n inder n 286 7 880safety_slip_circle_grid_radius index r_first r_las 287 a eet ae Sy a 287 oer rere 287 7 883safety_slip_circle_grid_segment_n index n 287 7 884safety_slip_circle_line_middle index x_first y_first x_last y_last 287 7 885safety_slip_circle line_middle_n index n 287 7 886safety_slip_circle_line_radius index r_first r_last 287 7 887safety_slip_circle_line_radius_n index n 288 es Ea 288 E ud ele da ea bas ea 288 7 890safety_slip_combined_linear index x_first 0 y_first 0 x_first 1 y_first 1 x_last 0 yalast IOS t ylas leads aa da Pa ace ae a es Py eee amp GE 288 7 89lsafety_slip_combined_linear_n indez nl 289 7 892safety_slip_combined_linear_result index x_0 y_0 1 1 y_1 safety_factor 289 7 893safety_slip_combined_linear_segment_n index l 289 37 7 894safety_slip_ellipsoide index middle_x_first middle_y_first middle_z_first base1_a_first basel_y_first base1_z_first base2_x_first base2_y_first base2_z_first a_first b_first c_first middle_x_last middle_y_last middle_z_last base1_a_last base1_y_last base1_z_last base2_x_last base2_y_last base2_z_last a_last b_last c_last 7 895safety_slip_ellipsoide_method index method 0004 289 7 896safety_slip_ellipsoide_n
37. amplitude amp_1 etc More general behavior in time can be imposed by using bounda_time records For a specific index only one of bounda_time and bounda_sine can be specified As a typical application the response due to the excitation with a frequency spectrum can be analyzed Just print the relevant response by control_print_history and extract the frequency spectrum of that response signal The sine loads will be only imposed after start_time and will not be imposed anymore after end_time The sine functions start at time start_time then they have value 0 As a special option setting a frequency to 0 enforces tochnog to use a constant static value of the specified amplitude 7 35 bounda_time index time load time load This record specifies a multi linear time load diagram for the bounda_dof or bounda_force record with the same index Between two time points in the diagram the load is interpolated linearly ramp function between the two points At all times that an dofis not prescribed in such way it is free and determined with the gov erning differential equations For a specific index only one of bounda_time bounda_sine and bounda_time_user can be specified As a special option you can specify only one value in the bounda_time record if the load is constant over time so not time load sets but directly the constant load value As a further special option you can specify no bounda_time and no bounda sine at all then a 0
38. an input record This record indicates if dof s in the node are bounded via a bounda_dof record then the corresponding indicator is set to 1 else it remains 0 7 775 node bounded index index bounda dof index_0 bounda_dof_index_1 This record is for printing only it is not an input record This record list the index of the bounda_dof record by which the dof s are bounded This index is only filled if the dof s really bounded so if the corresponding value in the node_bounded record is set to 1 7 776 node_damping index damping_x damping_y damping_z This record adds a discrete damper to node index in x y and z direction respectively In 1D only damping_z needs to be specified etc The damper will lead to a nodal force of the size damping_x v_x where v_x is the velocity in x direction The same holds for the y and z direction 7 777 node dof index dof_0 dof_1 dof_0 dof_1 are the degrees of freedom dof s at the node with number index The total number and type of the dof s depends on the initialization part Each node has the same dof s Unknowns like pressure temperature etc are primary dof s The other dof s space derivatives and the time derivative are not primary dof s In the example below temp is 1 xtemp is 0 2 and ttemp is 0 1 in node 6 number_of space_dimensions 1 derivatives condif temperature end initia node_dof 6 1 0 0 2 0 1 Default all values in the node_dof records are set z
39. an old element edge it inherits those data items of the old nodes on that old edge that have a property in common then arbitrarily the data item of one of the old nodes is taken 146 e If anew generated node is placed inside an old element it inherits those data items of the old nodes of that old element that have a property in common then arbitrarily the data item of one of the old nodes is taken e For all new nodes the node_dof records are interpolated from the old element nodes node_dof records by using the old element interpolation functions See also control_mesh_refine_globally_geometry 7 203 control_mesh_refine_globally_geometry index geometry_entity_item geometry_entity_index This record can be used together with the control_mesh_refine_globally record with the same index If all nodes of an element edge is part of the geometrical entity the new generated nodes are also placed on that geometrical entity This typically is used to follow curved edges of the domain The control_mesh_refine_locally will automatically merge nodes which have the same position in space 7 204 control_mesh_refine_locally index percentage An elements will be refined depending on the size of a solution variable The solution variable can be chosen via control_mesh_refine_locally_dof The percentage of elements which will be refined is specified by percentage Typically percentage is 10 or so This local mesh refinement is only available f
40. another symbol is used here 67 The additional parameter gamma is very important only for the accumulation of permanent dis placements or pore pressures in cyclic or dynamic analysis with small strains For monotonic loading or higher strains gamma is not very important And thus for such monotonic loading or higher strains you should take y x Pressure dependent initial void ratio extension You can correct the initial void ratio eg as specified in the initial value for the history variable in the node_dof records for the initial pressure to obtain a corrected initial void ratio e e oo l p Cid en 22 See the basic law description for the parameters hs and n The gij denotes the effective stress tensor total stresses minus any groundflow pressure This pressure dependent initial void ratio correction can be activated by control_materi_plasti_hypo_pressure_dependent_void_ratio After the initial void ratio has been established the development of the void ratio is governed by volumetric compression or extension of the granular skeleton 3 2 5 Damage In the presence of materi_damage d the materi_stress follows damaged 1 donne Tij 1 For the damage the group_materi_damage_mazars model is available d di a de 1 ay where and Here e 4 contains the positive principal strains The parameter a is given by the ratio E where e contains the total strains both negative and positive The paramet
41. ao ai MAnl o ooo 195 e 196 ak u og Gece eta ance bt ee 196 ee hs eter eee ge Gu Sere eet A 196 7 425force_edge_sine index start_time end_time freg_0 amp_0 freg_ 1 amp_1 196 7 426force_edge_time index time load time load 2 2 0 ooo 196 bya DEA a Bae rd Beeb ee AES 197 eee 197 page e 197 7 430force_edge_normal_element_group index element_group_0 element_group_1 197 7 431force_edge_normal_element_side index element_0 element_1 side 197 7 432force_edge_normal_factor indez dag di Anil o 197 198 e e 198 were eee es 198 7 436force_edge_normal sine index start_time end_time freq_0 amp_O freq_1 amp_1 7 437force_edge_normal_time index time load time load lo o o o o o o o o oo 198 7 438force_edge_projected index force ph 0 0 0 ph_grad_x ph_grad_y ph_grad_z pv 0 0 0 pv_grad_x pu_grad_y pv_grad_z factor_normal factor_tangential vertical_dir_downward_x vertical_dir_downward_y vertical_dir_downward_z tunnel_dir_x tunnel_dir_y tunnel_z 7 439force_edge_projected_element index element_0 element1 199 7 440force_edge_projected_element_node index element node_0 node_1 199 7 445force_edge_projected_node index node_0 node_1 node_2 200 7 446force_edge_projected_node factor index factory factor 200 7 447force_edge_projected_sine index start_time end_time freq_0 amp_0 freg_1 amp_1 7 448force_edge_projected_time index time load time
42. as specified by group_materi_elasti_young or the young calculated from group_materi_elasti_young_power 7 608 group_materi_elasti_transverse_isotropy index E E gt u Va Ga dirs dir_y dir_z Specifies the unique direction dir_x dir_y dir_z and elastic moduli in the transverse isotropic model The indez specifies the element_group see element_group 7 609 group_materi_elasti_volumetric_poisson inder v See group_materi_elasti_volumetric_young_values 7 610 group materi elasti volumetric_young_order index n See group_materi_elasti_volumetric_young_values 7 611 group materi elasti volumetric_young_values index epsilon_0 sigma 0 epsilon_1 This is a special record to model the volumetric stress part of a nonlinear material given the experimental results of a volumetric compression test compression in one direction fixed size in other two directions The table epsilon 0 sigma_0 epsilon_1 sigma specifies the strain stress results for the volumet ric compression test Together with the poisson ratio as specified in group_materi_elasti_volumetric_poisso1 an isotropic law in a nonlinear Young s modulus and a constant poisson ratio is fitted to this ex periment The Young modulus in fact is taken as the polynomial expansion Ey E epsilon Esepsilon En iepsilon where n denotes the order of the polynomial expansion as given in group_materi_elasti_volumetric_young_order The poisson ratio should be taken very high
43. be excluded A large eps specifies that also normals not precisely perpendicular to the specified direction will be excluded In fact eps is the difference from inproduct between the specified include direction with the normal direction and 0 Default eps is 1 e 8 7 802 post_calcul_materi_stress_force_element_group element_group_0 element_group With the post_calcul materi_stress force option the normal force shear force and moment s are calculated for the isoparametric elements quad4 quad9 hex8 and hex27 This option is meant for structures like sheet piles tunnel shells etc where there is only 1 element over the thickness of the structure Thus the element has a thickness equal to the complete thickness of the structure and the length of the element is a part of the total length of the structure e g tunnel length In the following definitions of forces and moments n denotes the normal to an element side t denotes the thickness direction in the side and denotes the length direction The 2D and 3D normal force nor results is defined by the normal stresses sigMann integrated over the thickness The 2D and 3D shear force she results is defined by the shear stresses sigma integrated over the thickness The 2D moment mom and 3D moment moml are defined by the moment contribu tions of normal stresses sigMann with a distance in thickness direction d relative to the middle of the element integrated over thickness direction r
44. can be used Only first order in time equations are solved Time derivatives are approximated with Euler backward time discretization Tochnog professional can store strains stresses etc either in element integration points jumps be tween elements possible or in nodes continuous fields between elements see global_element_dof_apply 2 5 Program capabilities e Input Format free input Words and no magic numbers in rigidly defined columns are used Boundary conditions can be imposed onto at geometrical entities as well as onto elements and nodes e Output plotting Output can be printed over user specified geometrical objects points lines quadrilaterals as well as at nodes The history of each variable and for functions of variables can be printed over user specified geometrical objects as well as at nodes Interface files for the GID pre and post processor e Finite elements 1D 2D and 3D Tochnog mostly uses isoparametric elements There are also springs trusses beams and contact springs however Linear and quadratic simplex elements triangles tetrahedrons Linear and quadratic prism elements A full family of first to fourth order bar quadrilateral and brick elements e Mesh generation refining etc Macro regions are automatically divided into finite elements Local h refinement Global h refinement more elements Global p refinement polynomial refinement e Differential equations materials
45. changing it s value in the table You can also specify a table for group_groundflow_capacity to model non saturated capacity van Genuchten As an alternative to specifying diagrams you can use the specific van Genuchten model for non saturated ground water flow The pore pressure head is defined by D bp P P pg with p the pore pressure total pressure p the ground water density and g is the absolute value of the gravity acceleration typically 9 81 De degree of saturation is a function of the pore pressure head S 5 dp The total capacity is the sum of the saturated capacity and a non saturated part dS op C Csat n dop where where Csat is the saturated groundflow capacity as specified by group_groundflow_capacity and n is the porosity specified by group porosity The total permeabilities k are written as a relative factor of the saturated permeabilities ki krel S Raati where k is the total permeability in direction i kre S is a factor dependent on the saturation S and ksas is the saturated permeability specified by group_groundflow_permeability Now for the van Genuchten model we have S dp Sresidu Ssat Sresidu 1 gal p 9 4973 9m which has the following model parameters Sresidu is the residual saturation Ssat normally is 1 0 but may be less than 1 0 if in case of trapped air and ga and gn are constants to be determined experimentally The derivative of this law defines the
46. check nan switch If switch is set to yes some internal result stresses etc are check for being NAN NAN represents Not A Number meaning that the computer cannot represent the result by a number This means that something is wrong the solution may have diverged or you may have a programming error in a user supplied routine or etc 7 59 check solver eps If this record is set the solver checks if diagonal terms are smaller than eps That normally indicates some problem in your input file if eps is very small 7 60 check warning switch Tochnog will does some warning checking which you can suppress by setting switch to no 7 61 condif_convection_edge_normal index a T Convection coefficient and convection environmental temperature Also the record condif convection edge_n should be specified Attention this option is only available for linear and quadratic isoparametric elements 117 7 62 condif_convection_edge_normal_element index element_0 element_1 Selects the elements for which the condif_convection_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied 7 63 condif_convection_edge_normal_element_group index element_group_0 element_group_1 Selects the element groups for which the condif convection_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied 7 64 condif_convection_edge_normal_element_node index element node_0 node_1 Selects the element and local node numbers for which the condif_convection
47. contain lines like x y z and dof where dof is the dof e g temp In 1D only x will be printed etc If switch is set to separate_index the filenames will be like dof indez If switch is set to separate_sequential then the filenames will be sequentially numbered like dof 0 dof 1 etc In control_print_dof_line_method you can set node_type either to node or node_start_refined Then the coordinates in the printed file will contain either the values of node or the values of node_start_refined In case you use an updated lagrange formulation where the mesh nodes fol low the material the values of node and node_start_refined will differ in case you do a geomet rically linear analysis the values will not differ Default node_type is set to node_start_refined 7 250 control print dof line coordinates inderx 0y0z0x1y121x2y2 Peas See control_print_dof_line 7 251 control_print_dof_line_method index node_type See control_print_dof_line 7 252 control print dof line n index n See control _print_dof line 156 7 253 control_print_dof line_time index switch If switch is set to yes the first line of each file will specify the time_current at which the file is written in gnuplot comment format 7 254 control_print_dof point index switch This control_print_dof_point record prints values of the node_dof records and node_dof_calcul records in a point in space to files The point is given by z y z In 1D only th
48. data items can check if nodes are located on this geometry everything inside the hexahedral belongs to the geometry The coordinates of the corner points are 1 0 y 0 z_0 etc The points of the hexahedral should be specified in the correct order the order is clarified in the example below Example number_of_space_dimensions 3 geometry_hexahedral 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 O 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 Notice the order in which the points are to be specified 7 488 geometry_line index 1 0 y 0 2 0 2 1 y_1 z1 radius This data item defines a line in space Other data items can check if nodes are located on this geometry Coordinates of the end points are denoted by 2 0 etc In 1D only the x coordinates should be specified etc All node within a distance radius are considered to be part of the line In the example a line in 2D space is defined and is used by a convection_geometry record nodes located on the line will convect heat 210 geometry_line 2 1 0 1 1 0 01 group_condif convection edge normal geometry 0 geometry_line 2 7 489 geometry_line_eps_iso index iso_tolerance With this parameter you can ask Tochnog to accept points just outside the line in direction of the line Typically try 1 e 3 for iso_tolerance 7 490 geometry_list index number_0 number_1 This is a list of numbers which can be used in geometry selection options By example geometry_list 10 1 45 43 26 27 bounda_dof
49. dependency_diagram 1 10 11 1 0 lower the tangent of friction angle between time 10 to time 11 from original value to 0 dependency geometry 1 geometry_point 10 do that only within a certain radius of a point You can use print_group_data to get the result for the calculated values using the dependency diagram In fact most group_ records can be used in the dependency diagram but not all Thus checking if things go like you want with the print_group_data is stringly adviced 7 364 dependency_number index number See dependency_item 7 365 dependency_type index type See dependency_item 7 366 dof element dof dof_per_element_0 dof per_element_1 This record is for printing only It is not meant as user input record After the calculation the dof_per_element_0 dof_per_element_1 etc contain a yes or no In case a dof is default calculated per element so the field is non continuous a yes is set In case a dof is default calculated as con tinuous field a no is set This default calculation can be overruled by global_element_dof_apply 7 367 dof label dof 0 dof_1 This record will be filled with labels of the dof s in the correct order This information is required for understanding records like node_dof etc The sequential order for the primary dof s will match the order in which they are specified in the initialization part 183 The total list of possible doflabels is accx acceleration in x direction acc
50. entire domain In the following sections all possible initialization records are discussed Most of these records create an doffield a physical field like a temperature field or a strain field over the computational domain 5 1 echo switch first record of initialization part If switch is yes the input will be echoed If switch is no the input will not be echoed This needs to be the first record 5 2 number_of_space_dimensions number_of_space_dimensions second record of initialization part Set number_of_space_dimensions to 1 in 1D etc This needs to be the second record 5 3 derivatives third record of initialization part if specified If this record is included the time derivative and the space derivatives will be stored in the node_dof records This is only required for a limited number of models The model description will specify if this derivatives initialization is needed 5 4 beam_rotation The beam rotations p_x _y and _z are added to the node_dof records 86 Please notice that always all three rotations are included Typically for a 2D calculation you may want to fix the px and _y to 0 by using a bounda_dof record 5 5 condif temperature The temperature T is added to the node_dof records 5 6 groundflow_ pressure The pressure p is added to the node_dof records 5 7 groundflow pressure gradient The gradient of the hydraulic pressure oe aie is added to the node_dof records 5 8 groundflow_s
51. etc In case you do not want any field to be printed in the gid file use control_print_dof index none See also control_print_gid_other 7 269 control_print_gid_dof_calcul index calcul_0 calcul_1 When you specify this record only the post fields calcul_0 calcul_1 etc will be printed to the gid files So the files become smaller in size This is especially convenient for very large calculations See post_calcul_label for the allowed names of calcul_0 calcul_1 etc In case you do not want any post field to be printed in the gid file use control_print_dof_calcul indez none See also control_print_gid_other 7 270 control print gid element group index element_group_0 element_group_1 Select specific element groups for the gid files If this record is not specified all element groups will be used 7 271 control_print_gid_empty index switch If switch is set to yes empty elements will be show in GID plots If switch is set to no empty elements will not be shown Default switch is set to no See also element_empty 7 272 control_print_gid_mesh_activate_gravity index switch See also mesh_activate_gravity_time 161 7 273 control_print_gid_method index method If method is set to node results will be written for global nodes to the gid files Gid will interpolate between the nodes to fill contour plots etc Hence you get continuous plots fields If method is set to element results will be written element by elemen
52. for the data the arc tangent of the result will be taken and the final result will be used as new value for for the data With the dependency_number record you can require that you only want to make one specific number of the data 0 for the first value 1 for the second value etc dependent in this case 182 you should specify only that specific value in dependency_diagram If you don t specify de pendency_number then all values of the record are made dependent and thus all values should be specified in dependency_diagram The dependency_number can only be used for data records which have a fixed number of values eg mohr coulomb plasticity data always has the fixed number of three values the friction angle cohesion and flow angle The dependency_geometry can be set to select a geometry for which the dependency is valid outside the geometry the dependency will not be used default if dependency_geometry is not specified no geometry selection will be used The following gives as example lowering the tangent of the mohr coulomb friction angle with a factor in time for the elements of all groups within a radius distance from a point geometry_point 10 dependency_item 1 group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul all time_current 2 dependency_number 1 0 only for the friction angle dependency_method 1 multiply use specified diagram as multiplication factor dependency_type 1 tangent for the tangent so not for the value itself
53. freeze stiffness forces at boundary control_support_edge_normal_stiffness_freeze 20 yes calculate earthquake or vibrations control_timestep 30 control_support_edge_normal_damping_apply 30 yes 175 control_inertia_apply 30 yes 7 333 control_system_call index integer_value Specifying this record tochnog calls a system command You need to program that command yourself On linux provide a tochnog system_call sh file which is executable On MS Windows provide a tochnog_system_call bat file In the command you can place commands that you want to be executed By example if you put in the linux file the command date gt gt system_call out you get the output of the date command appended to system _call out Another example is sending you an automatic email indicating that the calculation reached a certain point or is almost finished The command is called with integer_value as first argument You can use this integer value in your command eg by using 1 in the linux shell script command 7 334 control_timestep index step_size time_increment step_size time_increment These records define sets of time steps of size step_size which are to be taken till the time is increased by time_increment In the example below time steps of 0 1 are taken from time 0 0 up to time 1 0 Then time steps of 0 2 are taken up to time 2 0 control timestep 0 0 1 1 0 2 1 7 335 control_timestep_adjust_minimum_iterations index switch If switch is s
54. get a boundary condition so that the correct hydraulic head can not be determined And thus it is necessary to determine the total pressure pore pressure from the difference of nodal coordinates and phreatic line height 217 It is also convenient if you do not want to initialise and solve the hydraulic heads with the ground flow storage equation This saves computer memory and CPU time In the group_type for elements which should get the static groundflow pressure you need to add groundflow 7 524 groundflow_phreatic_level_multiple indez The same as groundflow_phreatic_level but now however several groundwater levels can be specified For each groundflow_phreatic_level_multiple you should specify a separate value for index This option typically can be used if you have in vertical direction non permeable layers separating the total domain in independent parts with each its own groundwater level You can specify with one of groundflow_phreatic_level_multiple_element or groundflow_phreatic_level_ or groundflow_phreatic_level_multiple_element_group or groundflow_phreatic_level_multiple_node the parts of the domain that belong to the groundwater level of groundflow_phreatic_level_multiple with the same index Only one of these record can be used you cannot combine them With groundflow_phreatic_level_multiple_n you specify nz ny in 3D again In the group_type for elements which should get the static groundflow pressure you need t
55. group_materi_damping index d Material damping coefficient d or d2 See group_materi_damping method if method is set to method1 then d is used if method is set to method2 then da is used The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 594 group_materi_damping_method index method See group_materi_damping 231 Z 7 595 group_materi_density index density Density for material flow equation The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 596 group_materi_density_groundflow index density_wet density_dry Density for material flow equation when a calculation is performed in combination with groundflow If the element is filled with groundwater the density_wet will be used and otherwise the density_dry will be used To determine if an element is filled with water tochnog does not the following If post_calcul groundflow_pressure total_pressure is put in the input file then total pressures pore pressures are calculated Then if the pore pressure in an element is negative the wet density is taken Otherwise the dry density If post_calcul groundflow_pressure total_pressure is NOT put in the input file the total pressures are not calculated Then tochnog looks if a phreatic level is given if so then if an element is below the phreatic level the wet density is used otherwise if an element is above the phreatic level the dry density is used Here density_wet is the amount of kg of soil water in a unit vo
56. in control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_geometry_truss or control_mesh _truss_distribute_mpc_geometry isoparametric these can in fact be a geom etry_set In case you specify both of the above _truss and _isoparametric the number of specified values groups or geometries should be the same Then the first value specified for the truss will be com bined with the first value specified for the isoparametric elements the second value specified for the truss will be combined with the second value specified for the isoparametric elements etc By exam ple if you specify two groups for control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_element_group_truss and two groups for control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_element_group_isoparametric the first specified truss group will be distributed over the first specified isoparametric group and the second specified truss group will be distributed over the first specified isoparametric group If switch in control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_air is set to yes trusses will also be generated in the center of the truss is not inside an isoparametric element If switch in control_mesh_truss_distribute_m is set to no trusses will not be generated in the center of the truss is not inside an isoparametric element Default switch is yes A typical input file looks like control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc 10 yes control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_exact 10 yes control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_geometry 10 element_geometry 123
57. in thickness direction of the structure Because of this the components by themselves are not the real physical components of the force or moment they are only convenient values for getting clear plots in postprocessors However the size of the vector formed by these components square root of components squared indeed is the real physical size of the force or moment so the size can indeed be used for design purposes For your convenience the size of each vector is also calculated automatically be Tochnog For example for the normal forces Tochnog calculates norx_sig nory_sig and nors_sig which are the global plot vector x component y component and the physical real size respectively The enable a correct force or moment direction in either the positive of negative thickness direction Tochnog wants you to specify post_calcul_materi_stress_force_reference_point In 3D you need to specify either post_calcul_materi_stress_force_direction_exclude or post_calcul_mate With these records you can determine for which element sides forces and moments should be de termined The direction and element should be such that for each element for which you want to determine forces and moments exactly 4 sides should be consistent with the specified direction Otherwise the present option for determination of forces and moments is not available for the element Only one of post_calcul_materi_stress_force_ direction exclude and post_calcul_materi_stress f
58. is not specified and materi_velocity is initialised then automatically post_node_rhside_ratio_dof_type materi_velocity will be used 7 837 post_node_rhside ratio_method method By setting method to post_node_rhside_free the ratio is directly filled with post_node_rhside_free Default when this post_node_rhside_ratio_method record is not specified the default definition as specified in post_node_rhside_ratio is used 7 838 post_point index x y z This record specifies a point in space for which dofvalues will be calculated The values are placed in a record post_point_dof with the same index The values are obtained by determining in which element the point is located and then using the element s interpolation functions In 1D only z should be specified etc The coordinates are defined in the initial mesh 7 839 post point dof index dof_0 dof 1 Unknown values at a selected point See post_point 7 840 post point dof calcul See post_calcul 7 841 post_quadrilateral index x 0 y 0 20 x 1 y 1 z 1 x 2 y2 z2 z3 yY 3 z3 This record specifies a quadrilateral in space for which the average of the dof values will be calcu lated The values are placed in a record post quadrilateral dof with the same indez Internally in TOCHNOG post_point records are used to evaluate the dof s on the quadrilateral In 2D only x0 y 0 x 1 y_1 etc should be specified The coordinates are defined in the initial mesh See also post_quadrilateral_n
59. is the y distance in 2D or the z distance in 3D not more than tolerance are considered to be part of the polynomial 7 494 geometry_quadrilateral index 1 0 y_0 2 0 2 1 y_1 21 2 2 y_2 22 1 3 y_3 2 3 tolerance This data item defines a quadrilateral in space Other data items can check if nodes are located on this geometry The coordinates of the corner points are z_0 y 0 20 etc In 2D only 2 0 y_0 etc should be specified etc The points of the quadrilateral should be specified in the correct order the order is clarified in the example below In 2D all node inside the quadrilateral the tolerance is neglected In 3D all node within a distance tolerance are considered to be part of the quadrilateral this is a brick with thickness tolerance All node within a distance tolerance are considered to be part of the quadrilateral in 2D this gives a quadrilateral with corners nodes specified by the corners points in 3D this gives a brick corners nodes specified by the corners points and with thickness tolerance Inter nally in TOCHNOG the quadrilateral is divided into two geometry_triangles which is only approximately true if the quadrilateral is twisted Example number_of space_dimensions 2 geometry_ quadrilateral 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 e 3 Notice the order in which the points are to be specified 7 495 geometry_quadrilateral_eps_iso index iso_tolerance With this parameter you can ask Tochnog to accept points just outside the qua
60. load 200 22 7 449force_edge_water index switch o o 201 7 450force_edge_water_element index element_0 0 0 0 0 00 eee ee 201 7 451force_edge_water_element_group index element_group_0 201 7 452force_edge_water_element_node index element node_0 node_1 201 7 453force_edge_water_element_side index element_0 element_1 side 201 7 494force_edge_water_factor inder dag a1 dn o o 201 7 455force_edge_water_geometry index geometry_item_name geometry_item_indeay 202 cod Bde Sia Bb ae he 9 202 7 457force_edge_water_time index time load time load lo o o o o o o ooo 202 PE A ad a Bok Sea 202 e 202 7 460force_gravity_time time load time load lo o o o o o o o o o ee 202 i Ao PaO AR de E A 203 pa bh A a Bee a se 203 7 463force_volume_element_group_0 element_group_1 index element_group 203 7 464force_volume_factor inder ao i n lt ooo e 203 em 203 7 466force_volume_sine index start_time freq_0 amp_0 freg_1 amp_1 204 A N 204 7 468geometry_factor index factor_0 ooo o 204 7 469geometry_boundary index switch o o 204 7 470geometry_bounda_sine_x indez ab o o 205 7 471geometry_bounda_sine_y index a bl 2 2 205 7 472geometry_bounda sine_z indez a D 205 7 473geometry_brick index xc y_c zc La Ly Lz tolerance 205 7 474geometry circle index zc y_c radius tolerance 205 taat 205 7 476geometry_circle_segmen
61. min 0 and coord max 0 themselves are included as part the region If a node is inside this region the height_ref 0 is used as phreatic level height in the equation for the static pressure The second region is between vertical coordinate coord_min 1 and coord_maz 1 The coord_min 1 and coord_maz 1 themselves are included as part the region If a node is inside this region the height_ref 1 is used as phreatic level height in the equation for the static pressure If a node is not inside any of the regions and if the groundflow phreatic level itself is not specified the static pressure cannot be determined and remains zero 7 809 post count dataitem_name_0 dataitem_name_1 With this post_count record you can specify data items for which the number of active indices should be counted The results will be placed in the record post_count_result For example count the number of active elements nodes and geometry points by post_count element node geometry_point 7 810 post_data index dataitem_name_0 dataitem_index_0 dataitem_number_0 dataitem_nan dataitem_index_1 dataitem_number_1 The specified data items are taken and each is multiplied with its corresponding factor in post_data_factor and added to post_data_result This allows you to conveniently follow the sum of data item each multiplied with some factor 7 811 post_data factor index factor_0 factor_1 See post_data 273 7 812 post_data_result index result See
62. moments will be determined for such sides Typically in a tunnel calculation you take the tunnel length direction as dir_x dir_y dir_z 7 799 post_calcul_materi_stress_force_direction_exclude_epsilon eps With eps you can influence which normals are considered to be in the specified exclude direction A small eps specifies that only very precise normals in the specified direction will be excluded A large eps specifies that also not precise normals in the specified direction will be excluded In fact eps is the difference from inproduct between the specified exclude direction with the normal direction and 1 Default eps is 1 e 8 7 800 post_calcul_materi_stress_force_direction_ include dirs dir_y dir_z See first post_calcul_materi_stress_force_element_group In 3D Tochnog needs to know for which element sides it should determine forces and moments For this purpose you need to specify this direction dir_x dir_y dir_z All element sides with normals perpendicular to this direction will be neglected no forces and moments will be determined for such sides Typically in a sheet pile calculation you take the sheet pile height direction as dir_x dir_y dir_z 7 801 post_calcul_materi_stress_force_direction include epsilon eps With eps you can influence which normals are considered to be perpendicular to the specified include direction A small eps specifies that only normals precisely perpendicular to the specified direction will
63. n as power constant Creep strain starts when the global time tyobar reaches time_global start So tiMCage start can be used to set where in the creep strain curve the material will start with creeping The time t in this equation is the time elapse after the material has become active so the time after dumping the material which typically is different for each finite element The horizontal creep strains ccc fez and yy fez are assumed to be a lateral factor f times the vertical creep strain This strain_settlement_parameters should be combined with the mesh_gravity_activate_time option as follows mesh_activate_gravity_time 10 mesh_activate_gravity_time_strain_settlement 10 yes strain_settlement_parameters 20 The mesh_activate_gravity_time_strain_settlement indicates that the mesh activation should not be used by itself but is only used to determine element activation times needed for the strain_settlement_parameters option See also strain_settlement_element_group 7 928 strain settlement_element_group indez element_group_0 element_group_1 This record specifies the element groups for which the strain_settlement_parameters with the same parameters will be used As a special option you can use all such that all elements groups 297 will be used 7 929 strain_volume_absolute_time indez time_0 volume_increase_absolute_0 time_1 volume_increase_absolute_1 See strain_volume_element 7 930 strain_volume elem
64. of element_interface_intpnt_stress 7 396 element_intpnt_dof index dof_0 dof_1 Unknowns as saved per element in the element integration points The index specifies the element number 7 397 element_intpnt_h index This record is meant for printing only It contains for each node of the element the value of the interpolation polynomial in the integration points 7 398 element_intpnt_iso_coord indez This record is meant for printing only It contains for each node of the element the value of the isoparametric coordinates in the integration points 7 399 element_intpnt_materi_plasti_hardsoil_gammap initial index gammap_initial_or gammap_initial integration_point_1 See theory section on hardsoil 194 7 400 element_intpnt_materi_undrained_pressure index undrained_total_pressure Total pressure from undrained analysis See group_materi_undrained_capacity 7 401 element_intpnt_method index method This record is meant for printing only It shows the space integration method that is actually used for element index See also group_integration_method 7 402 element intpnt_npoint index npoint This record is meant for printing only It shows the number of space integration method points that are actually used for element inder See also group_integration_points 7 403 element_intpnt_plasti_laminateO_mohr_coul _status index status This record is meant for printing only It gives for all integration points of an element th
65. opposite 214 7 509 groundflow_flux_edge_normal_element index element_0 element_1 Restricts the elements to which the groundflow_flux_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied 7 510 groundflow_flux_edge_normal_element_group index element_group_0 el ement_group_1 Restricts the element groups to which the groundflow_flux_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied 7 511 groundflow flux edge normal element node index element node_0 node_1 Selects the element and local node numbers for which the groundflow_flux_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied 7 512 groundflow flux edge normal element_node factor index factory factor Nodal multiplication factors with which the groundflow_flux_edge_normal will be applied to the element of groundflow_flux_edge_normal_element_node You need to specify a factor for each node on the side Here factory is the multiplication factor for the first node on the side etc 7 513 groundflow_flux_edge_normal_element_side index element_0 element_ 1 side Selects the elements and local side number for which the groundflow_flux_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied 7 514 groundflow_flux_edge_normal_factor index ay a Gy This data item defines a polynomial in space This polynomial gives a factor which is used as a multiplication factor for groundflow_flux_edge_normal records with the same index In this way you can obtai
66. order below upper left right see the pictures in elements For hex elements the sides are in the order below upper front back right left see the pictures in elements For a tet4 element the sides have the nodes numbers 0 1 2 and 0 1 3 and 1 2 3 and 0 2 3 For a tet10 element the sides have the nodes numbers 0 1 2 3 4 5 and 0 1 2 6 7 9 and 2 4 5 7 8 9 and 0 3 5 6 8 9 For a prism6 element the sides have the nodes numbers 1 2 3 and 4 5 6 and 1 2 4 5 and 0 2 3 5 and 0 1 3 4 For a prism15 element the sides have the nodes numbers 0 9 1 11 10 2 and 3 12 4 14 13 5 and 0 9 1 6 7 3 12 4 and 1 10 2 7 8 4 13 5 and 0 11 2 6 8 3 14 5 For a prism18 element the sides have the nodes numbers 0 1 2 3 4 5 and 12 13 14 15 16 17 and 0 1 2 6 7 8 12 13 14 and 2 4 5 8 10 11 14 16 17 and 0 3 5 6 9 11 12 15 17 10 16 Badly shaped elements Each element should have at maximum one common side with a neigbouring element By example two neigbouring quad4 elements have only one common side in a proper element mesh if the neighbouring quad4 elements have two sides in common the elements are badly shaped Some tochnog options will not work correctly if the mesh contains badly shaped elements 10 17 Further remarks The records force_edge force_edge_normal force_edge_projected force_volume condif_heat_edge_nc condif_convection_edge_normal and condif_radiation_edge_normal are evaluated inside the element loop Hence the resulting nodal forces only g
67. pore pressures see groundflow The Masin law is tuned to clays The Wolffersdorff law is tuned to sands The Niemunis visco law describes time dependent soil behaviour Masin law The law proposed by MASIN and is used This law is formulated in kPa you need to make the remainder of the input file consistent with that The constitutive equation in rate form reads T D faN D 5 where D is the Euler s stretching tensor T is the Cauchy stress tensor and E m A T 3f aT ace T Noes or T 6 trT 1 is the second order identity tensor and T is the fourth order identity tensor with components 1 Dijo 3 Cinta al 7 62 The functions f trT barotropy factor and fa trT e pyknotropy factor are given by 1 2trT In 1 e NY pases 3 ta 2 av 3 fa EE ee 8 AY 3spr AY where p is the reference stress for the parameter N typically taken as 1 kPa and the factor S is a function of sensitivity s s k s s y tn 9 s The scalar function Y and the second order tensor m are given respectively by LI 913 1 sin po ra E A E 10 3 a 813 sin pe 3 a in which 1 I T h 5 T T 1 I det T and e EN Ak T T T 1 m 2 T4T E a 11 F 3 F a T T in which es 1 2 tan yY 1 La f F 4 tan y tan 12 3 j s 2 V2tanycos30 2 2 Y G hoe F Y Y tany V3 T cos 30 V6 13 fe ane Finally the scalars a a c and cg are given as fun
68. printed etc The lateral beam shear forces of the element_beam_force_moment records will be printed in the file element_beam_force_moment_q indez This file will contain lines containing 1 y z 157 and lateral beam shear force In 1D only x will be printed etc The shear force will always be calculated as an absolute value The beam moments of the element_beam_force_moment records will be printed in the file element _beam_force_moment_m indez This file will contain lines containing x y z and beam moment In 1D only x will be printed etc How the data is printed depends on how method is set in control_print_element_method If method is set to middle then only the average value of the element data and the coordinate of the middle of the element is printed for each element If method is set to node then the two nodal values and nodal coordinates are printed for each element 7 259 control print element method index method Set method to middle or node If control_print_element_method is not specified then middle is used See also control_print_element 7 260 control_print_filter index print_filter_index_0 print_filter_index_1 See print _filter 7 261 control_print_frequency_timeinterval index timeinterval This control_print_frequency_timeinterval record causes control_print_gid control_print_tecplot etc to be done each time after a time interval has passed and always also at the end of the time increment This con
69. range pass the filter If for example data_item_index is macro 4 and data_item_name is data valid at a node or element then only nodes or elements generated by the macro num ber 4 pass the filter see control_mesh_macro_ for macro s If for example data_item_indez is macro none and data_item_name is data valid at a node or element then only nodes or elements not generated by any macro pass the filter see control_mesh_macro_ for macro s 283 For example if number_0 is 3 then the fourth value of a record passes the filter If number_0 is all the whole record passes the filter If for example number_0 is velx while data_item_name is node_dof then only x velocities pass the filter Some examples are print_filter 1 node_dof all temp sigxx temperatures and xx stresses print filter 2 node geometry_line 3 0 x coordinates on line 3 With control print filter you can select if the records control print control print_dof or control_print_dof_rhside with the same index should use specific filters specify the indices of the filter for print_filter_index should use all filters specify all for print_filter_index or should use no filter at all specify none for print_filter_index Default if control_print_filter is not specified all filters will be used for a print option Example print filter 1 node dof print_filter 2 node_dof all print_filter 3 control print dof 10 control print fil
70. results Here dof can be one of the matrices materi_stress materi_strain_elasti materi_strain_plasti materi_strain_plasti_compression materi_strain_plasti_diprisco materi_strain_plasti_druckprag materi_strain_plasti_hardsoil materi_strain_plasti_laminateO_mohr_coul or one of the other laminates materi_strain_plasti_laminate_mohr_coul for the sum of the laminates materi_strain_plasti_laminateO_tension or one of the other laminates materi_strain_plasti_laminate_tension for the sum of the laminates materi_strain_plasti_tension materi_strain_plasti_vonmises materi_strain_total or dofcan be one of the vectors materi_velocity materi_displacement or dof can be one of the scalars condif temperature groundflow_pressure The results of these calculations are stored for each node_dof record in a node_dof_calcul record and are stored for each post_point_dof record in a post_point_dof calcul record and are stored for each post_line_dof record in a post_line_dof calcul record and are stored for each post_quadrilateral_dof record in a post_quadrilateral_dof_calcul record We denote a matrix dof with A and denote a vector dof with A and denote a scalar dof with a If operat is absol then the absolute value of a scalar a is calculated If operat is average then 3 Ar1 A22 Az3 is calculated for a matrix or 3 Ay Az As is calculated for a vector If operat is negative then the average of the
71. solution This is done a fixed number of times In case the repeat jumps back to a control_timestep record for which the index equals con trol index then that the previous timestep will be used instead of the timestep specified by the control timestep record See also control_repeat_until_item 7 304 control repeat_save index data_item_name_0 data_item_index_0 data_item_number_0 data_item_name_1 dataitem_index_1 data _item_number_1 This record specifies data that should be saved while repeats are performed with control repeat The saved results are stored in the records repeat_save_result subsequent repeats write in sub 169 sequent indices of repeat_save_result 7 305 control_repeat_save_calculate index switch Perform a statistical analysis on data of repeat_save_result The statistical results are placed in repeat_calculate_result The average value and variance will be calculated 7 306 control reset_dof index dof_0 dof 1 The dof s as specified in this record are set to a some new value For example dof_0 is eptxx etc As a special option you can use all to reset all dof s With control_reset_value_constant you can specify the new value to which the dof s should be set Additionally you can specify values depending on space coordinates with control_reset_value linear etc The records control_reset_value_constant control reset_value linear etc can be arbi trarily combined so that complex dependency of the
72. specified then inertia_apply will be used 7 133 control_input index switch If switch is set to yes Tochnog reads an extra piece of input from the file index dat The piece of input needs to be closed by two end_data statements Comments are not allowed All defines and arithmetics cannot be used 7 134 control interface _gap _apply index switch If switch is set to yes then any group interface_gap will be applied If switch is set to no then any group interface_gap will be ignored Default if control _interface_gap_apply is not specified switch is set to yes 7 135 control_materi damage apply index switch If switch is set to no any damage data in the input file will be ignored This is done for timestep records with the same index This option is convenient for testing your input file just linear without the need to outcomment each and every part with damage data See also materi damage apply 7 136 control_materi elasti_k0 index switch See group_materi_elasti_k0 131 7 137 control_materi failure_apply index switch If switch is set to no any damage data in the input file will be ignored This is done for timestep records with the same index This option is convenient for testing your input file just linear without the need to outcomment each and every part with failure data See also materi_failure_apply 7 138 control_materi_plasti_hypo_masin_ocr_apply index switch If switch is set to yes the OC
73. specify how many segments in an ellipsoide will be used in the integration of the safety factor The ellipsoide is internally in tochnog integrated in a local and 0 direction over safety _slip combined linear segment_n segments each A high number of segments gives more accuracy but is time consuming A low number of segments is less accurate but fast Default if safety_slip_ellipsoide_n is not specified then 90 segments will be used 7 899 safety_slip_grd index switch If switch is set to yes Tochnog will read a slip surface from the file index grd The file is in grd format as used by the surfer program from Golden Software Thus the format is DSAA nx ny smin smar ymin ymax zmin maz for first y specify z values for all x for second y specify z values for all x This safety_slip_grd is only available in 3D 292 7 900 safety_slip_grd_method index method With this record you can specify with which method the slip direction is chosen this is the direction in which the slip shear force will be determined to calculate the safety factor If method is set to safety _slip_grd_direction the direction specified in safety_slip_grd_direction will be used If method is set to materi_velocity the last calculated materi_velocity directions will be used If method is set to materi_displacement the last calculated materi_displacement directions will be used If method is set to materi_velocity_integrated the last
74. steps is taken Default if sup port_edge_normal_plasti_residual_stiffness is not specified factor is set to 0 7 949 support edge normal time index time load time load This record specifies a diagram with a multiplication factor for the support edge force Linear interpolation is used to extend the time load values to the intervals between these pairs Outside the specified time range a factor 0 is used If this record is not specified a factor of 1 is applied at all times 301 7 950 target_item index data_item_name data_item_index number See also target_value 7 951 target_value index value tolerance This allows for testing the results of the calculation Typically data_item_name is node_dof but also other data items can be tested The record with index data_item_index will be tested If data_item_name is node_dof then number can be velx temp etc see dof label else for example number is 3 states that the fourth value needs to be checked The result should not differ more from value than tolerance For a calculation with no problems the tochnog log file contains a line stating that the calculation did start followed by a line stating that the calculation did end If this is not precisely the case some problem did occur or the targeted results differ too much In the example below it is checked that the pressure in node 6 does not differ more than 1 1075 target_item 0 node_dof 6 pres target_value 0 1 2 1 e 5
75. stresses to the stresses of the previous time point e rotate these new stresses by the matrix R The updated_linear Lagrange formulation Deformations i e the incremental deformation matrix F refers to the previous time point Any rigid body rotation between the two time points are neglected so TOCHNOG decomposes the incremental deformation tensor with a polar decomposition into F U with F the incremental deformation matrix and U the incremental stretch matrix The linear engineering strains in the deformed configuration are used as incremental strain matrix 0 5 F FT I The stresses at a new timepoint are calculated as e calculate extra stresses due to incremental strain matrix e add these extra stresses to the stresses of the previous time point The total Lagrange formulation Deformations i e the total deformation matrix F refers to the time 0 TOCHNOG decomposes the total deformation tensor with a polar decomposition into F RU with F the total deformation matrix R the total rotation matrix and U the total stretch matrix The total stretch matrix U is used to determine the total strain matrix 0 5 U U7 TI with I the identity tensor The stresses at a new timepoint are calculated as e back rotate the old stresses at the previous time point to time 0 with the old rotation matrix e calculate extra stresses due to incremental strain matrix e add these extra stresses to the back rotated old stresses of the previo
76. the correlation matrix First vector X of statistically independent random numbers 21 22 2n where n is number of elements in the FE mesh with a standard normal distribution i e with probability function of Eq 18 with uc 0 and go 1 is generated A correlation matrix K which represents the correlation coefficient between each of the element used in the finite element analysis is assembled The correlation matrix K has the following form 1 P12 gt Pin pa 1 ves Din K i 21 Dai Pn2 1 where pj is the correlation coefficient between elements 7 and j calculated using Markov function 2X44 ny E a C where xij is absolute distance between elements i and j distance between centers of gravity of elements and j For anisotropic case Eq reads 2 2 2 Tia Tia Tai a EEE gt Pij p U de T 23 where 0c is a correlation coefficient in direction of x axis and Tea is a distance between two elements and j in x direction The same notation applies for y and z directions 81 The matrix K is positive definite and hence the standard Cholesky decomposition algorithm can be used to factor the matrix into upper and lower triangular forms S and S respectively ss K 24 The vector of correlated random variables G i e Gi Go Gn where G specifies the random component of variable C in element is calculated by G SYX 25 Vector X is generated as described above Final
77. the environment at prescribed pressures The indez is the node number 7 786 node slide index slide number With node_slide you can specify of a specific node index if it belongs to a sliding geometry with index slide_number For the sliding geometry slide_geometry is not needed anymore because the node slide already specifies which nodes belong to the sliding geometry 7 787 node_start_refined index coord_0 coord_1 coord_2 After the calculation this record will contain coordinates of node index as specified at the start of the calculation If the mesh has been refined this record with contain the start coordinates for the refined mesh In 1D only coord_0 is filled etc 7 788 node stifness index stiffness_x stiffness_y stiffness_z This record adds a discrete stiffness to node index in x y and z direction respectively In 1D only stif ness_x needs to be specified etc The stiffness will lead to a nodal force of the size stif fness_x x u x where u_x is the displacement in x direction The same holds for the y and z direction Condition also materi_velocity_integrated or materi_displacement should be initialized 7 789 node support edge normal plasti tension status index status This record will contain after a calculation the status of a node for the support_edge_normal_plasti_tension or support_edge_normal plasti tension double option If the node is opened due to tension plasticity the status is set to opened If the node is closed
78. the item will be changed for the elements which use this record in this way you can give a random distribution to element data like stiffness plastic properties etc For group data group_ element data element_ and nodal data node_ it is optionally possible to require a distribution that is correlated in space To obtain such a correlated distribution you need to specify the control_distribute_correlation length record If the specified correlation length is larger than 1 e12 then Tochnog uses a constant G all components have the same value As a special option you can specify a different distribution length in each space direction in 2D specify 2 values and in 3D specify 3 values With control_distribute_correlation_distance you can set the maximum distance below which element or nodal data will be correlated Above that distance tochnog will not correlate the data Default if control_distribute_correlation_distance is not specified it will be taken to be 4 times the correlation length With control_distribute_minimum_maximum you can set the minimum and maximum value which the random numbers are allowed to take Numbers outside that range will be cutoff to the minimum or maximum value A typical application would be limiting the void ratio to a range which is needed by a hypoplasticity law In the first example an lognormal distribution with average 100 and standard deviation 1 2 is used to the nodal temperatures materi_velocity
79. the maximum length of ranges ra ra 5 58 mstring mazimum_number_of strings Sets the maximum number of strings in a define block 93 5 59 truss_bond_slip The truss bond slip displacements sz sy and s are added to the node_dof records See the theory section for a discussion on the bond slip between trusses and isoparametric elements 5 60 wave_scalar Scalar in wave equation is node_dof records Condition also wave_fscalar should be initialized 5 61 wave fscalar The first time derivative in the wave equation is added to the node_dof records Condition also wave_scalar should be initialized 5 62 end initia last record of initialization part 94 6 Input file data part introduction Data items in the data part are used to control the calculation select required output give dof s initial values etc Note that an end_data record is needed data_item index data_values data_item index data_values end_data Consider the following example element 0 tria3 0 1 2 element 1 tria3 1 2 3 node 0 0 0 node 1 1 0 node 2 0 1 node 3 1 1 end_data Note that the data items element and node are indexed In fact most data items need to be indexed Indexing starts at 0 all numbering in TOCHNOG starts at 0 Indices need not strictly be sequential e g only the indices 1 2 and 5 of a data item may be specified The following sections first treat some extras that can be used in the data part After that
80. the status is set to closed 7 790 nonlocal nonlocal_radius By specifying this record in combination with a viscoplastic model like group_materi_plasti_visco_power a nonlocal yield rule fn will be used in the viscoplastic law The nonlocal yield rule needs to be initialized as dof by the materi_plasti_f_nonlocal record in the initialization part The nonlocal yield rule fn in a point is determined by an averaging of the local yield rule f in neighboring points and using gauss weighting functions for this i e the larger the distance the less the neighboring point contributes to the nonlocal yield rule The averaging is done over a region with radius nonlocal_radius In this way you can prevent unlimited localization and so mesh dependency in calculations with softening plasticity 266 See also nonlocal_name 7 791 nonlocal_name name With name you specify the name of the plasticity model that should be treated nonlocal eg group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul You can only specify one name so only one plasticity model can be used as nonlocal model 7 792 plasti apply switch If switch is set to no any plasticity data in the input file will be ignored This is done for all timesteps This option is convenient for testing your input file just linear without the need to outcomment each and every part with plasticity data See also control _plasti_apply 7 793 post calcul dofoperat This records activates calculation post
81. then you can set name either to tet4 or prism6 Default if control_mesh_split_element_to is not specified tet4 is used If you are splitting hex27 elements then you can set name either to tet10 or prism18 Default if control_mesh_split_element_to is not specified tet10 is used 7 224 control mesh split_only index geometry_entity geometry_entity_index If this record is used the corresponding control_mesh_split record will only be applied on el ements which have at least one node on the geometry specified by index geometry_entity_name geometry_entity_indez 7 225 control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc index switch If switch is set to yes the nodes of truss elements are fixed with multi point constraints mpc s to the isoparametric elements through which the trusses run This typically can be used for modeling reinforcement bars in a concrete embedment where the bars follow the displacements and temperatures if present of the concrete 150 If control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_exact switch is set to yes truss elements are redis tributed that is more small truss elements will be made in such way that each truss gets a node when it enters an isoparametric element or ends internally in an isoparametric element This control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_exact comes handy when you initially have large trusses relative to the isoparametric elements Truss below a minimum length as specified in control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_
82. there is always only one element in radial direction For a cylinder_hollow you need to specify the number of nodes in the length direction the number of nodes over the wall thickness and the number of nodes in circ direction For a brick you need to specify the number of nodes in x direction the number of nodes in y direction and the number of nodes in z direction For a circle and sphere you need to specify fineness of the mesh which is a number 0 1 2 3 a higher number gives a higher fineness typically use 3 or so For a circle_hollow you need to specify the number of nodes over the wall thickness the number of elements in tangential direction For a rectangle you need to specify the number of nodes in first direction and the number of nodes in second direction For a bar you need to specify the number of nodes In the following example a sphere is generated after which the nodes get an initial velocity number_of_space_dimension 2 end _initia control_mesh_macro 20 sphere control_mesh_macro_parameters 20 control_data_put 30 node_dof all control_data_put_double 30 0 1 7 192 control_mesh macro_concentrate index For the rectangle macro you can specify with this control_mesh_macro_concentrate record a mesh fineness concentration factor in the first direction and in the second direction In each direction give a mesh fineness factor at the beginning and at the end so two factors per directi
83. value is assumed 7 36 bounda_time_factor index factor With this record you can specify an multiplication factor to be used for loads specified by bounda_time This option comes handy when you import a time load table from some external data source which 111 uses some other definition of the load as you do in the tochnog input file By example if you spec ify accelerations in metric units but the external source specifies the accelerations as part of the gravity acceleration you can convert the load in the time load table with this factor Default if bounda_time_factor is not specified the factor is set to 1 7 37 bounda_time_offset index time_offset With this record you can specify an offset to be used for times specified by bounda_time The actual times will become time offset added to the specified times in bounda_time This option comes handy when you import a time load table from some external data source but would like to apply the table at a different moment in time in the calculation You need to specify time_offset in the units that you actually use in your calculation 7 38 bounda_time_increment index time_increment With this record you can specify that the data as specified in bounda_time is only the load data so not time points anymore The time points are automatically calculated from a fixed time increments and optionally an initial offset as specified in bounda_time_offset By example bounda_dof 10 geometry_lin
84. values 7 444 force edge projected geometry index geometry_ entity name geometry_entity_ inde Selects the area for which the force_edge_projected record with the same indez should be applied For example geometry_line 1 can be used in 2D indicating that the nodes on line 1 get the distributed force The total edge of an element must be inside the geometry for the force to become active For 2D elements the border lines are edges For 3D elements the border surfaces are edges 7 445 force _edge projected_node index node_0 node_1 node_2 Selects the nodes for which the force_edge_projected record with the same index should be applied The node_0 etc specify global node numbers 7 446 force_edge_projected_node_factor index factory factor Nodal multiplication factors with which the force of force_edge_projected will be applied to the nodes of force_edge_projected_node You need to specify a factor for each node Here factory is the multiplication factor for the first node etc 7 447 force_edge_projected_sine index start_time end_time freg_0 amp_0 freq_1 amp_1 Similar to force_edge_sine now for projected edge loads however 7 448 force edge projected time index time load time load This record specifies a diagram which contains the factors with which the force_edge_projected record with the same index is applied Linear interpolation is used to extend the time load values to the intervals between these pairs Outside th
85. values of the components of the unbalance forces at the nodes in which the velocity is free By example in a calculation with only temperature as primary dof this record contains the average of the absolute values of the unbalance flux in the nodes in which the temperature is free Values are only filled for principal dof s materi velocity groundflow pressure condif temperature 7 835 post_node_rhside ratio ratio This record gives during a calculation a measure for the inaccuracy of the calculation For each primary doftype the ratio between the size of the corresponding parts in post_node_rhside_fixed and post_node_rhside_free is determined where for vectors like velocities the vector size is taken and for scalars like temperature the scalar value __ post_node rhside free post_node rhside ratio ost node rhside fixed If the size post_node_rhside fixed is below 1 e 10 the ratio is directly filled with post_node_rhside free See also post_node _rhside ratio _dof type 7 836 post_node_rhside ratio_dof type dof_type_0 With this option you can specify a list of doftypes which should be used in the calculation of the post_node_rhside_ratio result For example if both groundflow_pressure and con 280 dif_temperature are initialised then you can use only the groundflow pressure in the accuracy ratio determination by specifying post_node_rhside_ratio_dof_type groundflow_pressure If post_node_rhside_ratio_dof_type
86. will be applied if there is any mpc at the node of an element See also group_materi_plasti_mpc_factor 7 678 group_materi_plasti mpc factor index factor Same as group_materi_plasti_bounda_factor but now for group_materi_plasti_mpc how ever 7 679 group materi plasti pressure limit index pressure_limit To prevent plasticity problems near free surfaces you can require that Tochnog neglects plasticity laws if the pressure exceeds pressure_limit This option is not available for hypoplasticity laws since for these laws nonlinear elasticity and plasticity are defined by one law so the plasticity part cannot be suppressed by itself 7 680 group materi plasti tension index sigy Yield data for tension plasticity The index specifies the element_group see element_group Condition materi_strain_plasti should be initialized It is encouraged to use group_materi_plasti_tension_direct instead which tends to give more stable calculations 246 7 681 group_materi_plasti_tension_ direct index sigy Tension limit Principal stresses higher than sigy are not allowed and will be cut of by Tochnog This model uses directly a cut off of stresses and does not use plastic strains The index specifies the element_group see element_group You can apply softening with a dependency_diagram on materi_strain_total_tension_kappa See also group_materi_plasti_tension_direct_automatic 7 682 group_materi_plasti_tension_direct_automatic index switch
87. y 0 20 1 y 1 21 1 2 y 2 22 tolerance 211 dde a idad 211 7 502global_element_dof apply switch o o 211 7 503global_element_dof from_node_dof switch o o o 211 E L L A 212 7 505groundflow_apply switch oaaae 212 7 506groundflow_consolidation apply switch oo 2 000004 eae 212 7 007groundflow_density p e 212 24 7 508groundflow_flux_edge_normal index flu 2 2 0 0 002 eee 212 7 509groundflow_flux_edge_ normal element index element_0 element_1 213 7 510groundflow_flux_edge_normal_element_group index element_group_0 element_group_ Lo l A a A i ague a E ah R RRR RRR E a E A 213 7 519groundflow_nonsaturated_apply index switch ooo ooo 214 7 520groundflow_phreatic_bounda sute 214 peri AA 214 A RA A eee 9 215 7 523groundflow_phreatic_level static switch 215 7 524groundflow_phreatic_level_multiple index o 216 7 532groundflow_phreatic_project switch oo o 217 fea ea A A ad 217 7 534groundflow_seepage_geometry index geometry_item_name geometry_ittem_inde 217 eee seas 218 7 536groundflow_total_pressure_limit limit 2 218 25 7 53 group_axisymmetric index switch 2 e 218 7 538group_beam_ inertia index Juu Izz JL 218 ohh og Me Bee by doe hoe as 218 7 540group_beam_direction_z index dir_z 1 dir_z y dir_z 219 7 541group_beam_direction_z_reference_point index point_x poin
88. you can decide in which isoparametric direction of the quad9 nodes should be deleted so that becomes the linear direction in the quad6 element Set dir either to x or to y 7 152 control mesh convert _tria6 _tria3 index switch Convert tria6 into tria3 is a 2D calculation This is done if switch is set to yes 7 153 control mesh delete_element index number_0 number_1 The elements with numbers number_0 number_1 will be deleted Otherwise the same as con trol_mesh_delete_geometry 7 154 control_mesh_delete_geometry index geometry_entity_item geometry_entity_index All elements which are part of the geometry item are deleted In this way it is easy to make a mesh with holes tunneling systems in ground etc Remaining nodes in the geometry are moved onto the edge of the geometry if the corresponding control_mesh_delete_geometry_move_node record with the same index is set to yes otherwise the remaining nodes are left inside the geometry For a geometry_point elements inside the tolerance distance of the point will be deleted For a geometry_circle elements in the total inner area of the circle radius plus its tolerance will be deleted Likewise for other geometries If you combine this record with a control_timestep record then the element will be slowly deleted starting from a complete element at the start of the timestep up to no element at the end of the timestep This is accomplished by reducing the nodal forces of the ele
89. you can put the properties of the springs see group_spring stiffness etc 7 180 control_mesh_generate_spring2 index element_group geometry_entity_item geometry_entity_index Generate spring2 springs for nodes which have the same position in space This can be used to connect these nodes with spring elements Only nodes located on the specified geometry entity will be used The generated springs will get an element_group record with value element_group So in that element group you can put the properties of the springs see group spring stiffness etc Typically you can use this option to connect meshes which were generated with different con trol_mesh_macro records or so If you need interfaces then afterwards use a control mesh convert to turn the generated surface elements into real interface elements 141 7 181 control_mesh_generate_truss index element_group geometry_entity_item geometry_entity_index Generate trusses for nodes which are neighbor in space that is for nodes which are connected by an isoparametric finite element Only nodes located on the specified geometry entity will be used The generated trusses will get an element_group record with value element_group So in that element group you can put the properties of the trusses see group_truss_elasti_young etc Typically you can use this option to put easy trusses somewhere in a mesh with isoparametric elements 7 182 control_mesh_generate_truss_beam index el
90. you only need to specify for the gradients the value_grad_x and value_grad_y As special option you can specify no gradients at all and then a constant value in space of size value_0 will be used 7 381 element empty index switch If Tochnog believes an element is empty then it will set automatically switch to empty for element_empty 7 382 element geometry index geometry_set This data item specifies for element index a geometrical set number geometry_set Elements with the same geometrical set number together form a geometry which can be referenced by functionality selecting elements by a geometry The syntax for referring is element_geometry geometry_set A typical application would be changing material data groups in time for different sets of elements In the example below element 1 belongs to geometrical set 10 The elements of geometrical set 10 get in time respectively groups 100 101 102 and 103 element 1 bar2 1 2 element 2 bar2 2 3 element_geometry 1 10 191 element_geometry 2 20 area_element_group_sequence_time 11 0 1 2 3 area_element_group_sequence_geometry 11 element_geometry 10 area_element_group_sequence_element_group 11 100 101 102 103 area_element_group_sequence_time 12 0 1 2 3 area_element_group_sequence_geometry 12 element_geometry 20 area_element_group_sequence_element_group 12 200 201 202 203 The element_geometry cannot be used in a geometry_set 7 383 element_geometry_present index ge
91. 0 select results to be saved for each repeat control_repeat_save_calculate 50 yes perform statistical analysis on saved results control_print_gid 100 yes control_print 100 repeat_save_result repeat_save_calculate_result 84 4 Input file general remarks The input is free format Comments are enclosed between e g this is comment only a comma is not allowed inside comments The input should consist of an initialization part and a data part separated by end_initia and ended by end_data initialization initialization end_initia data_item index data_values data_item index data_values end_data Bold printed data in this manual can be used literally Italic printed data is only symbolic it represents a number or a word 85 5 Input file initialization part The initialization part contains initialization records and an end_initia record initialization initialization end_initia The example below initializes a solid material echo yes number_of_space_dimensions 2 materi_velocity materi_strain_total materi_stress end_initia The echo always the first record number_of_space_dimensions always the second record and end_initia record should be supplied always Use echo yes to echo the input and echo no to not echo the input Use number_of_space_dimensions 1 for 1D problems etc The records materi_velocity materi_strain_total and materi_stress create a velocity strain and stress field in the
92. 0 The files themselves will contain comments explaining the detailed structure of the files The method can be set either to all if all results should printed in the file so including the averaged results or to primary if only the primarily calculated results should be printed in the file so not including the averaged results 7 291 control_print_mesh_dof index switch See print_mesh_dof 165 7 292 control _print_node index data_item_name number_0 number_1 With this record you can print nodal data like node_dof node_dof_calcul etc to files As an example in 2D you can use control_print_node index node_dof velx velx to get the files velx index and vely index these files contain in columns for all nodes x y velx and x y vely For data_item_name you can apply any nodal data record for which the name starts with node For number_0 number_1 you can specify which parts of the data record should be printed you can either specify numbers 0 1 etc or for node_dof you can specify the names of dof_label like vely vely etc or for node_dof_calcul you can specify the names of post_calcul_label like to_pres dy_pres etc 7 293 control_print_node_angular index switch_x switch_y switch_z With this record you can specify that an angle will be included in the files in stead of coordi nates With switch_x switch_y switch_z set to yes yes no the angle will measure the number of degrees from the positive global x coordinate
93. 0 materi group_materi_elasti_compressibility 0 1 0 group_materi_viscosity 0 1 2 Linear solid materi_velocity materi_strain_total materi_stress end_initia group_type 0 materi group_materi_elasti_young 0 1 e10 group_materi_elasti_poisson 0 0 2 group_materi_memory 0 updated_linear 3 2 1 Memory The updated Lagrange formulation Deformations i e the incremental deformation matrix F refers to the previous time point TOCHNOG decomposes the incremental deformation tensor with a polar decomposition into F RU with F the incremental deformation matrix R the incremental rotation matrix and 48 U the incremental stretch matrix The incremental stretch matrix U is used to determine the in cremental strain matrix 0 5 U U7 TI with J the identity tensor The stresses at a new timepoint are calculated as e calculate extra stresses due to incremental strain matrix e add these extra stresses to the stresses of the previous time point e rotate these new stresses by the matrix R The updated_jaumann Lagrange formulation Deformations i e the incremental deformation matrix F refers to the previous time point The incremental stretch matrix U is used to determine the incremental strain matrix 0 5 F FT I with I the identity tensor The incremental rotation matrix R is 0 5 F FT I The stresses at a new timepoint are calculated as e calculate extra stresses due to incremental strain matrix e add these extra
94. 0 are for the first integration point The values with subscript 1 are for the second integration point etc For a 2D interface element the second shear strain will not be set In fact the normal strain is the normal displacement difference and the shear strains are half of the shear displacement differences This element_interface_intpnt_strain record will only be filled if materi_strain total is ini tialised The index specifies the interface element number 193 7 393 element_interface_intpnt_strain_average index strain normal 0 strain shear first strain shear second 0 Average of element_interface_intpnt_strain 7 394 element_interface_intpnt_stress index stress normal 0 stress shear first 0 stress shear second 0 stress normal 1 stress shear first 1 stress shear second 1 After the calculation this record will be filled with the normal stress the first shear stress and the second shear stress in the integration points of an an interface element The values with subscript 0 are for the first integration point The values with subscript 1 are for the second integration point etc For a 2D interface element the second shear stress will not be set The indez specifies the interface element number See control_reset_interface on how to reset strains and stresses somewhere in a calculation 7 395 element_interface_intpnt_stress_average index stress normal 0 stress shear first 0 stress shear second 0 Average
95. 1 bounda_time_smc_units 10 3600 100 we use hours and meters control_timestep 10 1 e 2 1 gravity from time 0 to 1 control timestep 20 1 e 6 0 1 base excitation from time 1 to 1 1 In case the SMC file does not strictly follow the definition from http nsmp wr usgs gov smcfmt html the option bounda time_smc cannot be used In such case you can use the actual data lines in a bounda time record as follows materi_velocity materi_stress end_initia bounda_baseline_correction 1 1 1 correct acceleration for time 1 to 1 1 bounda_dof 10 geometry_line accx include acceleration dat include file containing bounda_time 10 the dots represent acceleration data bounda_time_offset 10 1 the base excitation starts at time 1 bounda_time_units 10 3600 100 we use hours and meters control_timestep 10 1 e 2 1 gravity from time 0 to 1 control_timestep 20 1 e 6 0 1 base excitation from time 1 to 1 1 Be sure that you take sufficient small time increments while performing the base acceleration steps See also http nsmp wr usgs gov 7 41 bounda time smc offset index time_offset The times of the SMC file are incremented with time_offset such that you can use the acceleration data starting from any time point in a calculation If this record is not specified then time_offset is set to 0 113 7 42 bounda_time_smc_units factor_time factor_length The SMC files have units cm for length and sec for time You i
96. 151 Only one control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc record is allowed in the input file As a special option you can also generate truss_beam elements in stead of truss elements 7 226 control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_air index switch See control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc 7 227 control mesh truss distribute_mpc dof dof_0 dof 1 The dof 0 dof 1 specify the dof s that should be set equal e g velx vely etc 7 228 control mesh truss distribute_mpc element _ group truss inder ele ment_group_0 element_group_1 See control_mesh _truss_distribute_mpc 7 229 control mesh truss distribute_mpc element group isoparametric in dex element_group_0 element_group_1 See control_mesh _truss_distribute_mpc 7 230 control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_exact index switch See control_mesh _truss_distribute_mpc 7 231 control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_exact_minimal length indez tol erance See control_mesh _truss_distribute_mpc 7 232 control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_exact_minimal_length_connect index switch See control_mesh _truss_distribute_mpc 7 233 control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_geometry_truss index geometry_entity_nam geometry_entity_index_0 geometry_entity_name_1 geometry_entity_index_1 See control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc 152 7 234 control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_geometry_isoparametric index ge ometry_entity_name_0 geometry_entity_index_0 geometry_entity_name_1 ge ometry_en
97. 4 tria3 6 3 e t 4 5 1 b 3 10 2 2 tria6 quad4 4 5 6 3 8 4 o 6 e e 6 o 60 67T e e e 0 6 e 1 2 1 5 2 quad6 quad8 187 06 40 tet4 hex27 188 prism12 prism18 prism15 See also group_type and group_integration_points 7 371 element_beam direction index dir_x x dir_z y dir_x z dir_y x dir_y y dir_y z dir_z x dir_z y dir_z z After the calculation this record will be filled with the direction of a beam in space The first three values give the direction of the local beam x direction that is the beam torsion axis The second three values give the direction of the local beam y direction that is the beam y bending axis The third three values give the direction of the local beam z direction that is the beam z bending axis 189 The index specifies the beam element number 7 372 element_beam_direction_z index dir_z x dir_z y dir_z z The index specifies the beam element number Sate as group_beam_direction_z but now per element however 7 373 element_beam_force_moment index force_x_first_node force_y_first_node force_z_first_node moment_a_first_node moment_y_first_node moment_z_first_node force_x_second_node force_y_second_node force_z_second_node moment_x_second_node moment_y_second_node moment_z_second_node After the calculation this record will be filled with the forces and mom
98. A A 164 7 297control print_node_zero indez switch oo e 165 7 298control_print_tecplot index Switch 165 7 299control_print_vtk index switch oaoa ee 165 7 300control_print_vtk_ empty index switch 00 0000 eee ee 166 sty edicts antag ade wae te ee ae 167 gs diane etree TR amp 167 eee te eee 167 7 304control_repeat_save index data_item_name_0 data_item_index_O data_1tem_number_0 data_item_name_1 data_item_index_1 data_item_number_1 7 305control_repeat_save_calculate index switch o o o o o o 168 7 306control_reset_dof index dof_0 dof 1 lo o o o o o 000 0000 0 eee eee 168 17 7 307control_reset_element_group index element_group_number_0 element_group_number_1 L ee ee a Ee RS Ae ee RE EE a E Re Bee dew a 168 7 312control_reset_value_exponent index azbzCydzexzAybyCydyeydzbzC dzez 169 7 313control_reset_value_linear index arayaz ooo o 169 7 314control_reset_value_logarithmic_first index azbzCydzexzAybyCydyeyazbzc dzez 169 7 317control_reset_value_power index dzbydybyazbz o ooo ooo 170 7 318control_reset_value_square_root index arbrCraybyCyazbzCz 2 ee 170 7 319control_reset_value_relative index SLC 170 7 320control_restart indez switch 2 o 170 Se haw Seen ee tee ca a ae Gee we is E 170 7 322control_slide_damping_apply index sutell 171 7 323control_slide_stiffness_apply index switch oo ee 171 bg a A eh Sg Rds ee E we ee N 171 E 172
99. If side_y is set to a negative value say 1 then only x values smaller then z_c are considered to be part of the geometry If stde_x is set to 0 then all x values are considered to be part of the geometry Likewise remarks hold for y and z values The cylinder segment can only be used in 3D All node within a distance tolerance of the radius are considered to be part of the cylinder 7 481 geometry_exclude index geometry_item_name_0 geometry_item_index_0 ge ometry_item_name_1 geometry_item_index_1 With this record you can exclude geometries from the geometry with the same index The next 2D example excludes a circular area with radius 0 3 inside a quadrilateral geometry_quadrilateral 10 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 geometry_exclude 10 geometry_point 20 geometry_point 20 0 5 0 5 0 3 You are not allowed to let a geometry_ use a geometry_exclude which contains itself 7 482 geometry element geometry index element_geometry_0 element_geometry_1 Similar to geometry_element_group but now using element_geometry i s o element_group however 7 483 geometry_element_geometry_method index method Similar to geometry_element_group_method 7 484 geometry_element_group index element_group_0 element_group_1 With this record you can restrict the geometry as specified in the geometry record with the same index For example for the geometry as specified by geometry_quadrilateral 10 geometry_element_group 10 nodes which are l
100. In 3D you need to take special care with the node numbering in element since it determines the hinge length direction For example consider a hex8 hinge element in 3D which is specified like this element 100 1 2 3 456 7 8 Then nodes 1 2 3 4 are located on the first side and nodes 5 6 7 8 are located on the second side Moreover the direction from node 1 to node 2 is the hinge length direction the same hold for node sets 3 4 and 5 6 and 7 8 225 hinge element geometry Both 2D and 3D hinge elements should be rectangular shaped right angles between the edges and non distorted middle nodes for quadratic elements exactly in the middle of the edges hinge elastic rotational stiffness With this group _hinge elasti_stiffness record you specify the elastic rotation stiffness cg for hinge elements This is used in the elastic moment rotation rela tionship for the hinge element M cg where M is the moment in the hinge and q is the rotation angle in the hinge The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 569 group _hinge plasti moment index NofoN fi Table for the factor f which is used to determine the maximum allowed moment in hinge elements The table specifies pairs of normal force and corresponding factors Given a normal force in the hinge the relevant factor f is determined A typical table follows from the leonhard reinmann curve for tuebingen tunnel ring hinges Using the determined factor f the maximum
101. Lnn The elasticity parameters for the elastic unloading and reloading are 03 c coto re Young s modulus Eur Eres Our FC cot E m and Poisson s ratio Vy The yield function reads 1 q 2q f yP Eso p q qa Eur where q is the equivalent shear stress and y is the equivalent plastic shear strain The equivalent asymptotic shear stress reads in which q is the shear failure stress and Ry is the failure ratio Specify all elasticity parameters in group_materi_elasti_hardsoil Typically you have 57 ref s ref Ezo from experiment at stress ozo e ur from experiment or the typical undrained value 0 495 or the typical drained value 0 3 e m from experiment or the typical value 0 5 Eref from experiment at stress of or the typical value 3E 6 ur e Vy from experiment or the typical undrained value 0 495 or the typical drained value 0 2 Specify all plasticity parameters in group_materi_plasti_hardsoil e from experiment maximum friction angle e c from experiment cohesion e 1 from experiment maximum dilatancy angle e Ry from experiment or the typical value 0 9 failure ratio Initialize materi_strain_plasti_hardsoil in the initialization part This causes that the node_dof records will be filled with the shear plastic strains Also initialize materi_plasti_hardsoil_history You can add an initial contribution to the y by setting control_materi_plasti_hardsoil_gammap initial to
102. NTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIM ITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THE ORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT INCLUD ING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE 313 11 User supplied subroutines Several skeleton user supplied subroutines are available in the file user cpp As a special op tion you can use an ABAQUS umat f ABAQUS is a trademark of Dassault Systemes see HTTP www abaqus com for the ABAQUS homepage See also group_materi_umat in this manual We only supports user cpp and umat f on linux 64 bit with specific compilers We use ourselves always the latest linux mint 64 bit if you want to use the user supplied routines it is convenient to also use the same operating system in order to prevent compiling and linking problems We do not support any compilation linking or run time problems with user supplied routines References 1 Borja R I Tamagnini C 1998 Cam Clay plasticity part III Extension of the infinitesimal model to include finite strains Mech Cohes Frict Mater 155 73 95 2 Brinkgreve R B J 1994 Geomaterial Models and Numerical Analysis of Softening Thesis Delft University of Technol
103. Point Constraint record mpc_node_number allows you to set constraints between dof s at different nodes The dof_0 specifies the dofat node number node_0 which will be constrained It will be constrained to dof s dof_10 dof_11 of node_1 and dof_20 dof_21 of node_2 etc Only principal dof s can be specified Principal dof s are material velocities groundflow pressure temperature in the convection diffusion equation etc see the start of the data section for a definition of principal dof s With mpc_node_factor you can set multiplication factors for the constraints If you don t specify mpc_node_factor a 1 is used for all factors Example mpc_node_number 10 1 velx 2 velx 3 vely mpc_node_factor 10 7 9 In this example the velx_1 7 velx_2 9 vely_3 where velx_1 is the x velocity at node 1 etc Node number node_0 is this slave node which depends on nodes node_1 etc which are the master nodes Boundary conditions with bounda_dof and bounda time cannot be specified for slave nodes See also mpc_geometry for easy generation of multi point constraints 7 773 node index coord_0 coord_1 coord_2 Coordinates of node index In 1D only coord_0 should be specified etc You are not allowed to put free nodes not attached to any element in your model These free nodes will be removed automatically 263 7 774 node_bounded index indicator_dof_0 indicator_dof_1 This record is for printing only it is not
104. Pr flattening factor for the Rendulic s cap are the user supplied material constants You can specify an initial value of the void ration eg in hyhisO with control_reset_dof Then the OCR can be calculated with the above equations As an alternative you can specify the OCR at the start of the calculation in group_materi_plasti_hypo_niemunis_visco_ocr then the initial void ratio will be calculated as follows pt will be determined from the equation above then pe is determined from pe OCRp and then the initial void ratio ey is determined from eo 1 e 0 pe peo 1 reference Niemunis communications Application of the specified OCR is triggered by control_materi_plasti_hypo_niemunis_visco_ocr_apply User parameters should be specified in group_materi_plasti_hypo_niemunis_visco Cohesion extension A simplistic approach to include cohesion is used here Instead of feeding the real effective stress state o into the hypoplastic law an alternative effective stress state of is used Cohesion is 66 modeled by subtracting in each of the normal stress components a value c representing cohesion Of 011 C 033 O22 C and 033 033 C The shear stresses are not altered of 012 etc The cohesion value should be specified in group_materi_plasti_hypo_cohesion Intergranular strains extension In order to take into account the recent deformation history an additional tensorial state variable Sif is int
105. R will be applied If switch is set to no the OCR will not be applied Default switch is no 7 139 control_materi_plasti_hardsoil gammap initial index switch See theory section on hardsoil 7 140 control_materi_plasti_hypo_pressure_dependent_void_ratio index switch If switch is set to yes the initial void ratio is corrected for pressure dependency see the theory section This is done for the first timestep in the corresponding control_timestep record with the same index Default switch is set to no 7 141 control materi plasti hypo niemunis visco_ocr_apply index switch If switch is set to yes the OCR will be applied If switch is set to no the OCR will not be applied Default switch is no 7 142 control materi plasti hypo substepping index switch If switch is set to yes substepping will be applied in hypoplasticity routines If switch is set to no substepping will not be applied in hypoplasticity routines If this record is not specified the record materi_plasti_hypo_substepping will be used 7 143 control materi plasti_visco_apply index switch If switch is set to no any visco plasticity data in the input file will be ignored This is done for timestep records with the same index See also materi_plasti_visco_apply 132 7 144 control_materi_undrained_apply index switch See group_materi_undrained_capacity Default if control_materi_undrained_apply is not specified switch is set to yes 7 145
106. Same as element_dof_initial_specific_number now specified for a group of elements however 7 559 group_dof_initial_specific_value index value_0 value_grad_x value_grad_y value_grad_z Same as element_dof_initial_specific_value now specified for a group of elements however 7 560 group_groundflow_capacity index C Capacity in ground water flow equation The indez specifies the element_group see element_group 7 561 group_groundflow_consolidation_apply index switch If switch is set to yes consolidation will be applied for the elements of the group If switch is set to no consolidation will not be applied for the elements of the group Default switch is no 7 562 group_groundflow_expansion inder a Thermal expansion coefficient for ground water for a combined groundwater with temperature analysis The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 563 group groundflow_nonsaturated_vangenuchten index Sresidu Ssat Ya Jl Jn Parameters for non saturated van Genuchten ground water flow see the theory section The index specifies the element_group see element group Since the van Genuchten law is highly nonlinear convergence of the calculation can be difficult Always check if the calculation converges by printing post_node_rhside_ratio You can try including inertia to improve convergence Alternatively for calculations without inertia you can specify a relaxation factor with control relaxation try a factor of 0 1 or so 7
107. TOCHNOG PROFESSIONAL User s manual Version 23 Dennis Roddeman September 23 2015 Contents 1 Conditions 2 Basic information 2 1 pdfand HTML manual e 2 2 How to perform a calculation and how to get started oaoa aaa 2 3 Pre and postprocessing 2 a a ee Mo b bebU ha De sha digests e be A 2 6 Files used by Tochnog a 3 Equations 3 1 Convection and diffusion of heat o 3 1 2 Convection to environment 3 1 3 Radiation to environment oe a eels 3 2 1 Memory lt s mooc pra as oie baa oe STEE 3 2 2 Elasticity A e a oe Es ere 7 Si iea are A eas woe ins ARO a 3 2 3 Blasto Plasticity lt lt a s 5 4 ba eee ee ee aa eee he me Gh EE e aa a is Ghee ene oo ee E oe ee Py BO Breda hak Gee PE ie he a Compression limiting plasticity model 40 41 41 41 41 42 42 44 45 di Prisco plasticity model 2 20 2 0 o eee ee 53 O ee 54 tobe phe de da 54 Generalised Non Associate CamClay for Bonded Soils plasticity mode 54 bag fo Sek pee Pee we Goes Bes Go ke 55 E edhe a i 55 oop yg TAE A Bie Bene T a 56 E 57 bs do de Bh SRS g bn A Colas el ape at ae end le S 57 e 57 A ky tn eee ee ete 57 ee ee es ala aes ore toes E 59 2b PA Owe Oh be dos ad BG ja 59 bob Goel bed eS Ete Sk a BO a Gs 59 bbe RE we oh OS be ee GE Se oA ee H 60 o ein 60 3 24 Hypo Plasticity s
108. The hardening function evolution of po reads po 1 ejde d gt PO X in which de del deb def 52 and A and are user specified soil constants Further e is the void ratio with the evolution equation de de 1 e in which de deut dead dE33 The poisson ratio v reads _ 8K 2G IG 6K V in which the elastic bulk modulus K is given by K 1 e p k and the Young s modulus E E 2 Gx 1 yv in which G is a user specified soil constant By using this v and E the classical isotropic stress strain law is used to calculate the stresses The soil constants M k need to be specified in group_materi_plasti_camclay The soil constant G need to be specified in group_materi_elasti_camclay_g For an alternative see group_materi_elasti_camclay_poisson The history variables e po need to be initialized by materi_plasti_camclay_history record and given initial values in node_dof records Remark 1 An additional parameter N can be often found in textbooks on the Cam Clay model We don t include it since it is linked to other model parameters via 1 e N Alnpo kIn po p Remark 2 If you apply a geometrical linear analysis see section 8 4 then also the calculation of de void ratio development is linearized and so will contain some error as compared to the exact void ratio change Hence for very large deformations say above 10 percent or so don t use such geometrical linear ana
109. We explain the logic in 3D with examples By example if n 2 the polynomial is ag az a2 specify 3 values By example if n 5 the polynomial is ay a x ag dal a4 asz specify 6 values By example if n 8 the polynomial is ay 411 azz a3 aay asy as 072 agz specify 9 values 7 83 condif_heat_volume_geometry index geometry_name geometry_index Specifies the geometry for which the condif_heat_volume record with the same index should be applied 7 84 condif_heat_volume_sine index start_time end_time freq_0 amp_0 freq_1 amp 1 Similar to force_edge_sine now for volume heat source however 7 85 condif heat_volume time indez time load time load This record specifies a multi linear diagram which contains the factors with which the con dif_heat_volume record with the same index is applied If this record is not specified the heat source is applied at all times with a factor 1 7 86 condif_heat_volume_user index switch Set switch to yes if you want to call the user supplied routine for heat 7 87 condif_heat_volume_user_parameters indez Specify the parameters for the user supplied routine for heat 121 7 88 condif_radiation_edge_normal indez a T Radiation coefficient and radiation environmental temperature Also the record condif_radiation_edge_norm should be specified Attention this option is only available for linear and quadratic isoparametric elements 7 89 condif_radiation_edge_no
110. _coordinates index T start Ustart Zstart Tend Yend Zend See control_print_beam_force_moment 7 244 control print beam force moment switch index switch If you set switch to yes the definition of the beam forces and moments is changed multiplied with a 1 So you can get exactly the definition that you want 7 245 control_print_database index switch If switch is set to separate_index the complete database is be printed See the example below control_print_database 6 separate_index This database contains the complete status of the calculation For example if index is 6 the data base is printed in the file input file name6 dbs As a special option you can print databases with sequential numbers by setting switch to separate_sequential If tochnog exists with an error for example due to non convergence a complete database is printed in input file name error dbs Otherwise a complete database will be printed at the end of the calculation 154 7 246 control_print_database_method index method If method is set to all then all database base records will be printed in the database If method is set to size_tot then the size of all database base records will be printed in the database If method is set to size_tot_large then the size of database base records larger then 1 Mb will be printed in the database When using size_tot or size_tot_large also the size of the system matrix is printed in the database Default
111. _edge_normal record with the same index should be applied 7 65 condif_convection_edge_normal_element_side index element_0 element_1 side Selects the elements and local side number for which the condif_convection_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied 7 66 condif_convection_edge_normal_geometry index geometry_entity_name geometry_entity_ index Selects the area for which the condif_convection_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied Instead of a number of nodes also for example geometry_line 1 can be used in 2D indicating that the nodes on line 1 start to convect The total edge of an element must be inside the geometry for the force to become active For 2D elements the border lines are edges For 3D elements the border surfaces are edges See also condif_convection_edge_normal 7 67 condif_convection_edge normal node index node_0 node_1 Selects the nodes for which the condif_convection_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied The node_0 etc specifies the global node numbers 118 7 68 condif_heat_edge_normal index heat Distributed prescribed heat flux in the direction of the outward normal at the edge of a element This distributed heat is translated into equivalent nodal heat on the edges of elements Also the record condif_heat_edge_normal_geometry should be specified and optionally the record condif_heat_edge_normal_time can be specified Attention this opti
112. _element_group_ sequence element_group etc 7 2 area_element_group element index name With area_element_group_element you select the name of the elements for which the area_element_group will be used if this area_element_group_element is not specified then all elements will be used 7 3 area_element_group_interface index switch If switch is set to yes the area_element_group record with the same index will also be used for interface elements If switch is set to no the area_element_group record with the same index will not be used for interface elements Default switch is set to no 7 4 area element group_method index method Set method to all or any If method is set to all then the corresponding area_element_group is applied to elements for which all nodes are inside the specified geometry If method is set to any then the corresponding area_element_group is applied to elements for which any of the nodes is inside the specified geometry Default method is all 7 5 area element group _node index node_0 node_1 element_group Similar to area_element_group Now however directly the global node numbers are specified 7 6 area element group sequence index element_0 element_1 See area _element_group_ sequence element_group 7 7 area_element_group sequence element index name See area _element_group_ sequence element_group 7 8 area_element_group_sequence_element_group index group_0 group_1 General description
113. _last middle_z_last base1_a_last base1_y_last base 1_z_last base2_x_last base2_y_last base2_z_last a_last b_last c_last This record specifies a 3D ellipsoide for which the safety factor should be calculated The ellipsoide equation is a 1 where zx y and z are local coordinates in the ellipsoide The ellipsoide is specified by 12 parameters in tochnog All parameters with first specifies the first ellipsoide The middle_x_first middle_y_first middle_z_first specifies the ellipsoide middle for which the local coordinates are 0 x 0 y 0 z 0 The basel_x_first basel_y first base1_z_first specifies the direction of the local x axes in space The base2_x first base2_y_first base2_z_first specifies the direction of the local y axes in space Tochnog determines automatically the direction of the local z axes in space The a b c specifies the radii in respective the local x y and z direction All parameters with last specifies the last ellipsoide With safety _slip_ellipsoide_n you specify the number of variations that should be used for each of the specified ellipsoids parameters All parameters will be interpolated between the values specified for the first and last ellipsoide In case you want to keep a parameter fixed thus it should not be varied simply specify an equal value for the parameter in the first and last ellipsoide As a special option you can only specify parameters for the first ellipsoide and specify not param eters
114. _n you specify the number of combined linear lines that should be evaluated in the safety calculation all combined linear lines to be evaluated will be put equidis tant between the first combined linear line and the second combined linear line As a special option you can only specify data for the first combined linear line and specify not data for the last combined linear line and not safety_slip_combined_linear_n then only one combined linear line will be used See also control_safety_slip 290 7 891 safety_slip_combined_linear_n index n See safety_slip_combined_linear 7 892 safety_slip_combined_linear_result index x_0 y_0 x1 y_1 safety_factor This record will after the calculation be filled with the combined linear line for the critical surface for the combined linear lines circles with the same index 7 893 safety slip combined linear segment_n index n With this record you can specify how many segments in a line piece of a combined linear line will be used in the integration of the safety factor A high number of segments gives more ac curacy but is time consuming A low number of segments is less accurate but fast Default if safety _slip_combined_linear_segment_n is not specified then 10 segments will be used 7 894 safety_slip_ellipsoide index middle_x_first middle_y_first middle_z_first basel_x_first base1_y_first base1_z_first base2_x_first base2_y_first base2_z_first a_first b_first c_first middle_x_last middle_y
115. _node record is put into the post_node_result record with the same index 279 7 831 post_node_factor index factor You can multiply the result of post_node with factor Default if post_node_factor is not specified we take factor equal to 1 7 832 post_node_result index result_0 result_1 See post_node 7 833 post node rhside fixed value_0 value_1 This record will be filled with the average of the absolute values of node_rhside for those dof s which are prescribed eg with a bounda_dof By example in a calculation with only velocities displacements as primary dof s this record contains the average of the absolute values of the components of the external forces at the nodes in which the velocity is prescribed By example in a calculation with only temperature as primary dof this record contains the average of the absolute values of the external flux in the nodes in which the temperature is prescribed Values are only filled for principal dof s materi velocity groundflow pressure condif temperature For materi velocities the external forces from force_edge_ _summed force_gravity_summed force_volume_summed and bounda_force_summed are added to post_node_rhside_ fixed 7 834 post_node_rhside free value_0 value_1 Same as post_node_rhside_fixed now for free values however By example in a calculation with only velocities displacements as primary dof s this record contains the average of the absolute
116. a ea Aa aa TRR RE a a A ae ES 9 279 gh baste APR it a aera a Gee ew ae 279 eit te a Dota ee ee ee 280 eR EA AA OE re ee ae eek e 280 TOOT TIETE 280 7 847post_strain_ volume initial index volume_initia 280 adhe ee be 280 7 849print_apply switch 280 7 850print_arithmetic switch o 280 7 851print_control switch o 280 7 852print_data_name stc 281 7 853print_database_calculation switch o o o 281 7 804print define switch 281 7 855print_element_geometry_present stc 281 7 856print_failure sutell ee 281 7 857print_filter index data_item_name data_1ttem_index number_0 number_1 281 7 858print_gid_calculation switch o o o 282 DO e od RA ae 282 7 860print_gid_ coord switch 282 7 861print_gid_mesh_activate_gravity switch 2 2 2 0 e 283 7 862print_gid_old switch 2 2 283 p eN oS Ged teas A Boe ee A A 283 7 864print_group_data dataitem_name_0 dataitem_name_1 283 36 7 865print_gmsh_calculation switch aoaaa aaa ee 283 7 866print_gmsh dummy stc 283 7 867print_mesh_dof dof_0 d0L1 h 283 7 868print_node_geometry_present switch 2 2 ee 285 E ar he ates eee Be ae ee See S 285 7 870print_tecplot_calculation switch o o o o 285 7 8 1print_vtk_calculation switch o o o 285 au inte a Ghats A E rd t GS 285 7 8T3processors_maximum switch 0 285 Boe E A de e Ea ae a 286 e eae We oh Sen eee Se 286 fending a
117. a second calculation as boundary conditions This comes handy when you need to run the second calculation multiple times and the results for the printed dof s can be taken from the first calculation In this way the computing time of the second 285 calculation can be smaller and also a different FE mesh can be used in the first calculation and the second calculation for the different doffields In the first calculation you can print the dof s with the command print_mesh_dof the results will be printed in the file print_mesh_dof txt The dof_0 dof_1 of print_mesh_dof specify the dof s which will be printed In the first calculation printing of the dof s to the file print_mesh_dof txt will actually be done for when switch is set to yes in control_print_mesh_dof For the second calculation rename the file print_mesh_dof txt into bounda_mesh_dof txt You can specify which of the dof s in the file bounda_mesh_dof txt will actually be used a prescribed value boundary condition with the dof 0 dof_1 of bounda_print_mesh_dof You can restrict the nodes to which this will be done by bounda_print_mesh_dof geometry please realise using a geometry point with a very large tolerance in combination with geometry_element_group you can effectively select the geometry formed by an element group The FE meshes as used in the first calculation and in the second calculation need not be the same and are also allowed to vary in time in b
118. aa AOS ee ea da a 172 7 327control solver_bicg_stop index switch o o 172 7 328control solver_matrix_save indez switch o o 172 7 329control_solver_pardiso_out_of_core index switch o o o 173 7 330control solver_pardiso_ordering indez ordering o o 173 7 33lcontrol_support_edge_normal_damping apply index switch 173 7 332control_support_edge_normal_stiffness_freeze index switch 173 S See Seah oe oes atk oe te a 174 7 334control_timestep index step_size time_increment step_size tume_increment 174 7 339control_timestep_adjust_minimum_iterations index switch 174 7 336control timestep_iterations index number_of_iterations o o 174 18 7 33 control_timestep_iterations_automatic index ratio_criterium minimal_timestep 7 347control timestep_until maximum index maximum_0 mazimum_1 0 0 7 348control_timestep_until_mimimum index mimimum_0 mimimum_1 7 349control_truss_rope_apply index Suite 177 7 300control_zip index stc 177 7 351crack_element_group element_group o 178 Be oe eet eee Gate at ce eee as ee ae ee 178 7 3353convection_ apply switch oaaae 178 7 334convection stabilization switch 2 a 178 178 7 356data_activate_time index time o e e 178 iaa ra a sae ee a 178 7 358data_delete_time index time o oo a 179 7 359dependency_ apply switch o o 179 7 360dependency_diagra
119. able for linear and quadratic isoparametric elements Attention if this force_edge_normal option is used INSIDE a FE mesh then the elements on each side will get the force So the total force will normally become zero since the normals of the elements at the side of the geometry are opposite 7 428 force edge normal element index element_0 element_1 Restricts the element to which the force_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied 7 429 force_edge_normal element_node index element node_0 node_1 Selects the element and local node numbers for which the force_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied 7 430 force_edge_normal element_group index element_group_0 element_group_1 Restricts the element group to which the force_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied 7 431 force edge normal element side index element_0 element_1 side Selects the elements and local side number for which the force_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied 7 432 force_edge_normal factor index ap a An 1 This data item defines a polynomial in space This polynomial gives a factor which is used as a multiplication factor for force_edge_normal records with the same index In this way you can obtain coordinate dependent forces In 1D the polynomial is ay a12 a22 24 2 In 2D the polynomial is ag 411 dal 431 041Y 4 asy tage a7a y agry 34 Fay
120. ace_materi_elasti_stiffness_tangential_diagram See group_interface_tangential_reference_point how you can influence the tangential direction in the interface element 7 580 group_interface_materi_expansion_normal index expansion_coefficient_normal The index specifies the group number The expansion_coefficient_normal specifies the thermal strain expansion in interface thickness direction per unit temperature in the interface The tem perature is the average of the temperature of the both sides at the location of the integration point This option is only available if group_interface_materi_memory is set to total linear or updated_linear Furthermore materi_strain_elasti should be initialised 7 581 group interface_materi_hardening index factor To prevent excessive penetration of materials separated by an interface element you can specify with factor by how much the normal stiffness of the interface element will be increased at increasing compressive normal strain in the interface element So the stiffness then reads kn kn 0 factor kn 0 epsilon where epsilon is the absolute value of the compressive normal strain and kn 0 is the normal stiffness at zero compressive normal strain This group_interface_hardening record will be applied to the normal stiffness given in group_interface_mat 7 582 group interface materi memory index memory_type Either memory_type should be set to updated linear or total_linear 7 583 g
121. ach multiplcation the mesh gets double the amount of elements because for each element a new element is generated with the same nodes 7 202 control_mesh_refine_globally index refinement_type This record activates global mesh refinement or global mesh coarsening This is not available for tria3 and tet4 elements Either refinement_method is h_refinement more of the same elements or refinement_method is p_refinement higher order elements or refine method is p_coarsen lower order elements As a special option for the h_refinement method the format refine_globally index h_refinement switch switch switch_ can be used For example in 1D only refine_globally index h_refinement switch_ should be specified For example in the hex8 element is the isoparametric coordinate running from the first node to the second node 7 runs from the first node the third node and C runs from the first node to the fifth node A isoparametric direction will be refined if the corresponding switch is set to yes This option allows for refinement in specific directions It should be used with care however and only gives proper results if the 7 and directions of the elements match The control_mesh_refine_globally will automatically merge nodes which have the same position in space Rules for old and new e A new generated element inherits its data items from the old element it is generated from e If a new generated node is placed on
122. activation but already have values resulting from activation of material below For elements which are not activated yet Tochnog will reduce the stiffness so that it will not really influence displacements inside the elements which are already being activated the stiffness reduction fac tor can be specified by mesh_activate_gravity_stiffness_factor and is 1 e 6 by default For elements which are not activated yet Tochnog will not print the elements to the gid postpro cessing files however you can demand that these elements will also be printed by specifying yes in print_gid_mesh_activate_gravity or control_print_gid_mesh_activate_gravity default no For both methods any plasticity data in elements will be neglected until time_end is reached How ever you can require that plasticity data is used all the time by setting mesh_activate_gravity_plasti_apply to yes You can set with mesh_activate_gravity_time_initial when elements become active in a calcu lation before the specified time_of_birth an element will not take part of the calculation See also control_mesh_activate_gravity_apply 7 753 mesh_activate_gravity_time_initial index time_of_birth See mesh_activate_gravity_time 7 754 mesh_activate_gravity_time_strain_settlement index switch If switch is set to yes then strain settlement should be used for the mesh_activate_gravity_time record with the same index 7 755 mesh boundary switch If switch is set to yes Tochno
123. actor index ay a An This data item defines a polynomial in space This polynomial gives a factor which is used as a multiplication factor for condif_heat_edge_normal records with the same index In this way you can obtain coordinate dependent heat fluxes 119 In 1D the polynomial is ay a1 daf L In 2D the polynomial is ap a17 azy a32 a41Y a5y agx a7x7y agry agy We explain the logic in 3D with examples By example if n 2 the polynomial is ag az a2 specify 3 values By example if n 5 the polynomial is ay a x ag a3y a4 asz specify 6 values By example if n 8 the polynomial is ay a x agx da aay asy as 072 082 specify 9 values 7 75 condif_heat_edge_normal_geometry index geometry_entity_name geome try_entity_index Selects the area for which the condif_heat_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied For example geometry_line 1 can be used in 2D indicating that the nodes on line 1 get the distributed heat The total edge of an element must be inside the geometry for the force to become active For 2D elements the border lines are edges For 3D elements the border surfaces are edges 7 76 condif_heat_edge_normal_node index node_0 node_1 node_2 Selects the nodes for which the condif_heat_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied The node_0 etc specify global node numbers 7 77 condif_heat_edge_normal_sine index start_time en
124. adial bending moment in tunnel shell thickness 270 bending moment in sheet pile etc The 3D moment mom2 is defined by the moment contribu tions of normal stresses sigma with a distance in length direction d relative to the middle of the element integrated over thickness direction bending moment in tunnels sheet piles etc The forces and moments will be calculated per unit length l of the isoparametric element where l is the size of the element in length direction In a 3D calculation the length of an element is determined from the nodal coordinates differences in length direction In a axi symmetric 2D calculation the length of the elements is set to 2 PI radius by Tochnog notice that with this definition values cannot be calculated at the symmetry axis with zero radius In a plane 2D calculation the length of the elements is set to 1 by Tochnog The normal force and moment s are given the proper sign plus or minus For example a positive normal force means that the structure is under tension For the shear force however always a positive value is calculated by Tochnog so only the size of the shear force is available and not the direction of the shear force For all of the forces and moment vectors we want to display the vector in thickness direction of the structure to get a clear view in postprocessors e g GID Thus the components in global x and y direction are determined such that the vector direction is
125. ain for which the groundwater is only allowed to flow outwards of the domain flow into the domain is not allowed on that edge The geometrical entity should be specified such that the normal of the geometry points outwards the material so outwards the groundflow domain This option comes handy when the point of groundwater flow exit is not known in advance of the calculation it will be a result of the calculation instead Example groundflow_seepage_geometry 10 geometry_line 100 219 bounda_dof 20 geometry_line 100 total_pressure bounda_time 20 0 0 In this example the total pressure pore pressure is set to 0 on the geometry line number 100 to account for free air at that edge Since at that edge water cannot enter the domain the seepage option is applied to that edge The result of these combined options is that on nodes with outward flow a total pressure 0 boundary condition is imposed whereas on other nodes no boundary conditions is imposed so that the flow is 0 at those nodes The transition point between these outflow nodes and nodes with zero flow will be found automatically as a result of the calculation 7 535 groundflow_seepage_node index node_0 node_1 This record does the same as the groundflow_seepage_geometry record but now however you specify node numbers at which the seepage condition holds The node_0 is the first node number the node_1 is the second node number etc 7 536 groundflow total pressure limit lim
126. al say 5 or more See control_timestep_iterations how to define the number of iterations 7 103 contact_target_geometry_switch index switch See contact_target_geometry 7 104 control bounda relax index switch With this control bounda relax you can require Tochnog to store the nodal right hand sides by example external nodal forces for nodes with prescribed velocities These stored nodal right hand sides can later be used to relax prescribed boundary conditions by example a prescribed velocity is removed and substituted by the stored external right hand side external force and slowly set to zero by multiplication with a time function as specified with bounda_force in combination with bounda_time With the control_bounda_relax_geometry record with the same index you can select a specific geometry for which the storing will be done A typical example can be found in the relax1 dat file in your distribution 7 105 control bounda relax geometry index geometry_item_name geometry_item_index See control_bounda_relax 7 106 control bounda save index switch If switch is set to yes the boundary conditions are considered to remain the same after the first timestep in a control timestep block and the bounda_dof and bounda force records are not analysed in further timsteps This saves calculation time for anylysing the boundary conditions in each and every timestep in the timestep block Alternatively you can also specify bounda_save which s
127. all possible data items are specified Arithmetic blocks You also can use the arithmetic expressions plus minus multiply and divide We show some examples make A equal to 4 1 start_arithmetic A 1 1 plus 3 end_arithmetic make B equal to 3 2 start_arithmetic B 3 2 end_arithmetic make C equal to 7 3 start_arithmetic C A plus B end_arithmetic make D equal to 14 6 start_arithmetic 95 D A plus B multiply 2 end_arithmetic Expressions will be evaluated from left to right Words from define blocks will not be recognized in arithmetic blocks Automatic counting the counters The words counter_a counter_b counter_c and counter_d are reserved words in the data part If they are found they will be substituted by their integer value After its value is substituted the counter will be incremented by 1 Initially the value for counters is 0 The example below shows a typical application start _define left_edge geometry_line counter_a end_define start_define right_edge geometry_line counter_a end_define left edge 0 0 0 10 1 e 4 right_edge 2 0 2 10 1 e 4 bounda_dof 1 left_edge velx bounda_time 1 0 bounda_dof 2 right_edge velx bounda_time 2 1 3 Notice that we automatically give the geometry lines a unique number in this way the unique number is not really of interest in the remainder of the input file so the application of a counter is convenient Finally also the words coun
128. aminate0 tension index sigma_t 7 669group_materi_plasti_matsuoka_nakai index phi c phafloW o 242 7 670group_materi_plasti_matsuoka_nakai_hardening softening index phi_0 c_0 phi flow_0 phi_1 c_1 phiflow_1 kappashear_crit o o 243 7 6 1group_materi_plasti mohr_coul indez phi c pHo 243 7 6 2group_materi_plasti mohr_coul direct indez phi c phiflow 7 673group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul_direct_eps_iter index eps_ite 7 674group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul_hardening softening index phi_0 c_0 phiflow_0 ET ERT 243 7 6 5group_materi_plasti mohr_coul reduction index phi c phi_flo 243 7 676group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul_reduction_method index di 244 7 677group_materi_plasti_mpc indez Sit 244 Sib eg See R Ao ae Bee e 244 7 6 9group_materi_plasti_pressure_limit index pressure_limit 244 7 680group_materi_plasti_tension index sigy o o o 244 7 68lgroup_materi_plasti_tension_direct index sigy 245 7 682group_materi_plasti_tension_direct_automatic index switch 245 7 683group_materi_plasti_user index switch 2 oo 245 dee TETT 245 7 685group_materi_plasti_visco_exponential_limit index limit 245 30 7 686group_materi_plasti_visco_exponential_name index name_0 name_1 245 7 687group_materi_plasti_visco_exponential_values index yo Qo 71 Q1 246 7 688group_materi_plasti_visco_power inde N Hl 246 7 689group_materi_plasti_visco_power_name index name_0 name_1 246 7 690gr
129. ane we Pa Ra 90 GB teks poset arch oo pitas os oe aay See we es E 90 Tee or ig Burka eg doar eras eek a 91 5 51 materi stress lt s s cae d ae ee A ee RE a ee DEM Be De a 91 5 52 materi_stress_pressure_ history 0 0000 eee eee 91 cR eh Ske ee ED ae ea eee ee a Pee oe he eS 91 5 54 materi velocity_integrated 0 000002 ee eee eee 91 bay ted eB ERE Oa eee A e A Ee 91 5 06 Mater Work a r a eg e ee OR eR eG A PRE REE DES 91 5 57 mrange mazimum_range_length 2 a 91 Bk A Bagels tae ao a a is sa a 91 we oe eee ED OE aod Ge ce aa Be ete Bee 92 Larra Eb ET woe a 99 92 De epee tine Gt Moje ote apse betes ate de i Seedy RR 92 5 62 end_initia last record of initialization part s o oo 92 93 93 94 94 Controlindices a s o ete der RPA we Oe AAA ae Swe ee N 95 5 eck ane E R ee hs 95 Include so ithe ee PE dc eee A wa a Rae be d 96 II 96 RAngEs TA we TA da ee Ree DEA ee bes 97 Ri AAA 97 7 Input file data part data records 99 7 2 area_element_group_element index name 2 o o 100 7 3 area element group interface index switch o o o o o 100 7 4 area_element_group_method index method o o 100 7 13 area_element_group_dof index group_0 group 1 dof ooo 103 7 14 area_element_group_dof parameters index critical_dof_value time_lap 103 7 15 area_element_group_dof reset index switch_0 switch_1 103 7 16 area_node dataitem index geometry_entity_ttem ge
130. asti_camclay_gmin index gmin 230 7 600group_materi elasti_camclay_poisson index UL 231 7 601group_materi_elasti_compressibility index co o o 231 7 602group_materi_elasti_hardsoil index EZ sigmaty vso m ETS sigma vy 231 7 603group_materi elasti_k0 index KU 231 7 604group_materi_elasti_lade index B R A 231 7 605group_materi_elasti_poisson index poisson 2 2 231 7 606group_materi elasti_shear factor index facto oo o o 231 aaa ade ee eae 232 T 233 ee ee ea 233 C 233 7 6l6group_materi elasti_young_user index SLC 233 ee ee eee Sere ee erect a a S 233 7 618group_materi_expansion_volume indez HL 233 a Owais Saget Ge ag ere aves oe GOR ete de aa 233 TT 234 dae aan 234 PENPENP 234 CEEE TETERE 234 7 624group_materi_failure_void_fraction index threshold delete_time 234 7 625group_materi_history_variable_user index switch 4 234 7 626group_materi_history_variable_user_parameters indez 234 28 7 627group_materi_hyper_besseling indez KiyK30l 004 235 7 628group_materi_hyper_blatz_ko index GOL 235 UA Bee hy Roe e be amp ot 235 ii ey ace eats kh a 235 7 63lgroup_materi_hyper_reduced_polynomial index K Ka 235 oa E a 235 7 633group_materi_hyper_volumetric_murnaghan indez KB 235 7 634group_materi_hyper_volumetric_ogden indez KDI o 235 7 635group_materi_hyper_volumetric_polynomial index K0 K_1 235 e
131. asti_kO indez SLC 129 11 7 137control_materi_failure_apply index SLC 130 7 138control_materi_plasti_hypo_masin_ocr_apply index switch 130 7 139control_materi_plasti_hardsoil_gammap_initial index switch 130 7 140control_materi_plasti_hypo_pressure_dependent_void_ratio index switch 130 7 141control_materi_plasti_hypo_niemunis_visco_ocr_apply index switch 130 E 130 7 143control_materi_plasti_visco_apply index switch ooo oo 130 7 144control materi_undrained apply index switch o o o o o ooo 131 7 145control_materi_visocity_apply index Suite 131 7 146control_mesh_activate_gravity_apply index indez_0 index_1 7 147control_mesh_adjust_geometry index geometry_entity_item_0 7 148control mesh_ change element_group index element_group_0 element_group_1 131 7 149control_mesh_convert index switch 2 0 0 00 a 131 7 150control_mesh_convert_element_group index element_group_0 element_group_1 7 151control mesh_convert_quad9_quad6 index dir oo o o 133 7 152control mesh convert _tria6 _tria3 index switch o o 133 o RR RR RAN 133 1 E ER RR E 134 7 157control_mesh_delete_geometry_factor index factor_0 factor_1 134 ae heehee betes 134 tac 134 bee paa 134 R 135 a oo aaa 135 A te ty a ce ee oe 135 12 7 165control_mesh_extrude indez z0 z 22 l 135 7 166control mesh extrude direction indez dirl 135 7 181control_mes
132. astic strain specifically for laminate 0 the materi_strain plasti laminatel_tension is the tension cutoff plastic strain specifically for 91 laminate 1 etc The materi_strain_plasti_laminate_tension is the tension cutoff plastic strain for all laminates together See also materi_strain_plasti 5 42 materi_ strain _plasti_matsuoka_nakai The plastic strain ey Ping specifically for the matsuokanakai model is added to the node_dof records See also materi_strain_plasti 5 43 materi_strain_plasti_mohr_coul The plastic strain cv Ding specifically for the mohr_coulomb models is added to the node_dof records See also materi_strain_plasti 5 44 materi strain plasti tension The plastic strain ey Ping specifically for the tension model is added to the node_dof records See also materi_strain plasti 5 45 materi_strain_plasti_vonmises The plastic strain eP specifically for the von mises model is added to the node_dof records See also materi_strain_plasti 5 46 materi strain total The total strain ex is added to the node_dof records All strains are time integrals of the strain rates for a specific material particle which happens to be present in the node 5 47 materi strain total kappa The maximum strain size is added to the node_dof records 5 48 materi strain total compression kappa The maximum principal compression total strain as occurred in history is added to the node_dof records 5 49 materi_strain_total_sh
133. ation 0 2 0 0000000000084 73 Biden Sa se ea a Ok ee a 9 73 Hewes ese Ge ee le Bee ees Sees ee aoe 74 T 74 pe oP Haw Bak le De deere E RS le ee 75 be eae Bw She eae See ard Da ee ERE EES 77 rca SA E Mi De ep ya in Oe As DS E ad e ets N 78 3 7 Probabilistic distributions 6 ee 79 3 7 1 Generation of random field o e e 79 3 7 2 Local average eco a o A a e e Boe RE GOR Se a 80 3 1 3 Monte Carlo simulations 6 0 00 0000 a 81 3 7 4 Input data records 0 0 0000 ce 81 4 Input file general remarks 83 5 Input file initialization part 84 5 1 echo switch first record of initialization part l 000 84 5 2 number of space dimensions number_of_space_dimensions second record of initialization part o o o 5 3 derivatives third record of initialization part if specified 84 Paes RA A UR See Boh ee a BO T a 84 5 5 condif temperature 85 atthe Os iy he ace Be dh SMa yeah as eng eae 85 5 7 groundflow_pressure_gradient 0 00 ee eee eee 85 See Se nin BGAN eek ele ade cde Seg BO ee ls a 85 5 9 groundilow_velocity e 85 k a erir a iini oe as A to N 85 OG ebb ee GEES WOM Oe ee Sok ae Bok E a 85 5 12 materi_displacement 0 0 00 pee ee 85 pnt Gog dee A NO 86 E E ata aie eee sw Ge 86 ae aye eed ee aaa Ge Ba hE 86 5 16 materi_plasti_camclay_history 00000 ee eee 86 5 17 materi_plasti_capl_history 0
134. ation but in the gravity calculation only and the remainder of the calculation 3 2 8 Thermal stresses Temperature rates cause fictitious thermal strain rates 69 aT bi where ds 1 if t else bi 0 where a is the group_materi_expansion linear coefficient and T is the condif_temperature These fictitious thermal strain rates in turn lead to stress rates 3 2 9 Hyper elasticity Hyper elasticity is used to model rubbers It should be combined with a total Lagrange formulation for the memory of the material so use total for group_materi_memory The stresses follow from a strain energy function with C components of the matrix C and where F is the deformation tensor and U is the stretch tensor following from the polar decomposition of the deformation tensor Ow OC C FTF UTU Deviatoric contributions To obtain a purely deviatoric function the following strain measures are used with f Iz and Is the first second and third invariant of the elastic strain matrix C respectively 1 J kE 7 beh The group_materi_hyper_besseling function reads with K K and a user defined constants W Ki1 J 3 K2 J2 3 The group_materi_hyper_mooney_blatz_ko function reads with G and 8 user defined con stants W G x 0 5 I 3 0 2 0 81 J7 1 This Blatz Ko hyperelastic material hardens in compression and softens slightly in tension it models a foamlike rubber The group_materi_h
135. aturation The groundflow saturation S is added to the node_dof records 5 9 groundflow_velocity The ground water flow velocity 0 5 is added to the node_dof records 5 10 materi damage The damage d is added to the node_dof records Also materi_velocity and materi_strain_total should be initialized 5 11 materi acceleration The accelerations a are added to the node_dof records 5 12 materi displacement The displacements u v w are added to the node_dof records If materi_displacement is initial ized then equations like the convection and diffusion of heat equation or the ground water flow equation are evaluated over the deformed volume which is the sum of the nodal coordinates plus its displacements Also if materi_displacement is initialized the total Lagrange model will be used in stress analysis Condition also materi_velocity should be initialized because the displacement follows from in tegration of the velocity 87 5 13 materi_displacement_relative Displacement relative to a previous point in the calculation These are the current displacements minus the displacements before these were changed with timesteps in control_timestep or a displacement reset in control_reset_dof By example this option comes handy when you want to understand the extra displacements caused by the last timesteps 5 14 materi_history_variable number_of_variables Generic history variables which can e g be used in some user supplied r
136. ault switch is no 7 330 control solver pardiso ordering index ordering Set the number ordering to one of the following e 0 The minimum degree algorithm e 2 The nested dissection algorithm from the METIS package e 3 The parallel OpenMP version of the nested dissection algorithm Default ordering is 3 For more information see pardiso info at intel 7 331 control support_edge_normal damping apply index switch If switch is set to yes then all support_edge_normal_damping records will be applied If switch is set to no then all support_edge_normal_damping records will not be applied Default if control_support_edge_normal_damping_apply is not specified then switch is set to yes 7 332 control_support_edge_normal stiffness_freeze index switch If switch is set to yes tochnog freezes the stiffness forces generated by support_edge_normal The stiffness forces remain at their present value and will not change anymore A typical application is earthquake or vibration analysis where you first impose gravity including stiffness at supports then freeze the forces at the supports and then in the earthquake or vibration analysis use only damping at the supports to model absorbing boundaries which absorb further force changes at the boundaries support properties support_edge_normal 10 support_edge_normal_damping 10 calculate gravity stresses control timestep 10 control_support_edge_normal_damping apply 10 no
137. beam type you need to set parameters with group_beam_ records For the condif type you need to set parameters with group_condif_ records For the materi type you need to set parameters with group_materi_ records Etc etc See also element_group 7 726 group_volume_factor index factor In 1D or 2D you can specify the cross section and thickness respectively for elements of the element group index see element_group See also volume_factor 7 727 group wave speed of sound indez c Speed of sound in wave equation The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 728 control control With this record you can set the control index which already have been performed Thus if you set it to 10 all control_ records up to and including those with index 10 will be skipped and the control indices starting from 11 will be performed 7 729 inertia apply switch_0 switch_1 Tf switch_0 is set to yes the corresponding inertia term is included material mass heat capacity The same for the other switches A switch should be specified for each of the principal dof s See the input file data part introduction types of dof s section for an explanation about 253 principal dof s The sequence of the principal dof s is in the order as initialised in the initia end _initia part As a special option you can specify only one switch and then the specified value will automatically be used for all principa
138. calculated materi_velocity_integrated directions will be used If somewhere the direction is not specified by the above because the used direction is a null vector then Tochnog will ask you to specify safety _slip_grd_method_direction additionally and then that direction will be used there Default if safety _slip_grd_method is not specified method is set to safety_slip_grd_direction 7 901 safety _slip_grd_method direction index dir_x diry dir_z See safety _slip_grd_method 7 902 safety_slip_grd_segment_n index n With this record you can specify how many segments in each part of the surface of the grd file will be used in the integration of the safety factor In total the surface has nz ny parts each of these parts will be integrated with n n segments Default if safety_slip_grd_segment_n is not specified then n will be set to 10 7 903 safety _slip_multi_linear index x_first 0 y_first 0 x_first 1 y first 1 2_last 0 y_last 0 x_last 1 y_last 1 This record specifies multi linear lines along which the safety factor should be calculated All data with first specifies the first multi linear line The z_first 0 y_first 0 specifies the first point of the first line piece of the first multi linear line the x_first 1 y first 1 specifies the second point of the first line piece of the first multi linear line which is also the first point of the second line piece of the first multi linear line etc All data with last specifies t
139. calculated is the structure thickness direction If that is not the case e g if you have very short elements in a tunnel length direction then you need to explain Tochnog that it should switch to the longest element direction as structural thickness direction by setting a to yes This ensures that the shear force is always really calculated over the structural thickness and the first moment is really the moment over the structural thickness If you specify post_calcul_materi_stress_force_thickness_switch you need to give a switch for each element group of post_calcul_materi_stress_force_element_group 272 7 807 post_calcul_multiply factor_0 factor_1 With this record you can specify a multiplication factor for each calculated item This comes handy when you prefer another definition If you specify post_calcul_multiply you need to give a factor for each item 7 808 post_calcul_static_pressure_height coord_min 0 coord_maz 0 height_ref 0 coord_min 1 coord_maz 1 height_ref 1 Using this option the static pressure as required by post_calcul groundflow_pressure static_pressure is determined relative to the reference height and not anymore to a groundwater level Thus the Az in the equation for Pstatic pgAz is taken relative to the specified reference height in this post_calcul_static_pressure_height record You can specify multiple regions The first region is between vertical coordinate coord_min 0 and coord_maz 0 The coord
140. ce geometry index geometry_item_name geometry_item_index See post_element_force 7 816 post_element_force_group index element_group_0 element_group_1 See post_element_force 7 817 post_element_force_inertia index switch See post_element_force 7 818 post_element_force_multiply_ factor index multiply_factor See post_element_force 7 819 post_element_force_normal index switch Set switch to yes if you want to select elements in positive normal direction See post_element_force 7 820 post element force number index number_0 number_1 See post_element_force 276 7 821 post_element_force_result index normal_force shear0_force shear1_force momentO moment See post_element_force 7 822 post_integrate index data_item_name data_item_index data_item_number Here you can specify results that should be integrated over time The integrated results will be placed in the post_integrate_result record with the same index An example looks like groundflow_pressure groundflow_velocity end initia post_node 1 average geometry_line 4 post_integrate 3 post_node_result 1 gvely Here the post_node record first takes care that the average groundflow y velocity at nodes on a line are determined among other dof s The post_integrate record integrates that average groundflow y velocity over time In this way the total groundflow debit volume over a line is registered 7 823 post_global switch With this post_global
141. ce limits the allowed compressive stresses di Prisco plasticity model The di Prisco model is an non associative plastic model for soils which can be typically combined with the Lade elastic model This di Prisco model is a rather advanced soil model which is explained in more detail in 3 and 7 The yield rule reads T 9 f 38j 7 3 In he 37 Dia C and the flow rule yields r 9 g 9 3 Z aye F0 Dar g This is an anisotropic model in which the first and second invariant of the stress rate 7 are defined relative to the rotation axes x T OijXij ok ok Jaun Nig Nik Mei E Jau Nijniy si Nik v3 7 where s follows from 55 Shk Thk YXhk Further rg 1 The history variables are xi rotation axes 9 values 8 yield surface form factor and re preconsolidation mean pressure The evolution laws for these history variables can be found in the papers listed above The history variables y 9 values 8 re need to be initialized by the group_plasti_diprisco_history 11 record and should be given initial values in node_dof e B 0 0001 records In a normally consolidated sand with isotropic initial conditions Xij is and r equals v3 times the means pressure The total model yield rule and flow rule and evolution laws for history variables contains a set of soil specific constants In group_materi_plasti_diprisco you need to specify these constant
142. ce_materi elasti_stiffness tangential diagram but now for the normal stiffness however The normal stiffness depends on the value of the normal strain In the data record first the normal strains should be given specify both negative and positive normal strains Then the normal stiffnesses should be given corresponding with the specified shear strains 7 579 group interface materi elasti stif ness tangential diagram index strain shear straim shear 1 kt first 0 kt first 1 kt second 0 kt second 1 With this data record you can make the tangential stiffnesses dependent on the tangential strains The first tangential stiffness depends on the absolute value of the first shear strain The second tangential stiffness depends on the absolute value of the second shear strain In the data record first the shear strains should be given specify only non negative shear strains Then the tangential stiffnesses should be given corresponding with the specified shear strains Notice that both shear stiffnesses are specified for the same shear strain values however the first shear stiffness indeed does depend on the first shear strain and the second shear stiffness indeed does depend on the second shear strain You also need to specify the group_interface_materi_elasti_stiffness for the normal stiffness 228 The tangential stiffness from group_interface_materi_elasti_stiffness will be overwritten with the values specified in group_interf
143. ch If switch is set to yes the calculation is stopped if the bicg solver does not converge If switch is set to no the calculation is not stopped if the bicg solver does not converge Default switch is set to yes See also solver_bicg_stop This control_solver_bicg_stop record overrules solver_bicg_stop if both are specified 7 328 control_solver_matrix_save index switch If switch is set to yes the solver saves and applies the decomposed matrix but not in case Tochnog thinks for some reason that the matrix needs to be decomposed at each timestep This can save CPU time since further decompositions of the matrix are not required anymore only backsubstitution to find the solution vector If switch is set to no the solver does not save the decomposed matrix If switch is set to always the solver saves and applies the decomposed matrix even in case Tochnog thinks for some reason that the matrix needs to be decomposed at each timestep This option is only available in combination with the pardiso solver Side remark Tochnog mostly uses a linear matrix in iterations no plasticity effect in the matrix 174 Only in special cases like hypoplasticity user supplied routines etc the current stiffness matrix is used 7 329 control_solver_pardiso_out_of_core index switch If switch is set to yes the pardiso solver is called with a out of core option See for further the pardiso solver in the the intel mkl library Def
144. characteristic void ratios e during isotropic compression at the minimum density ee critical void ratio and eg maximum density decrease with mean stress n ey Ce Cd Dij 015 AS E ER E exp _ _ eso eco edo hs The range of admissible void ratios is limited by e and eg The model parameters can be found in Tab 2 They correspond to Hochstetten sand from the vicinity of Karlsruhe Germany 18 y hs MPa n eco edo eio a B 33 1000 0 25 0 95 0 55 1 05 0 25 1 0 Table 2 Basic hypoplastic parameters of Hochstetten sand The basic law parameters should be specified in group_materi_plasti_hypo_wolffersdorff The hypoplastic history variables should be initialised with materi_plasti_hypo_history Visco law For visco hypoplasticity with intergranular strains the stress rate reads ij Mijratra Ligia For visco hypoplasticity the Lijg reads Lu foLijra where Okk 1 a 3 K where is a user specified material constant Butterfield s swelling index upon isotropic unloading and a relates to the user specified residual critical friction angle y as E V3 3 sin ge o 2V 2sin Ye f The pressure normalised stiffness is r 2 Qe 4 2 1 Lu F Lijkt O GaGa ia z Tikat where 1 a 1 2v l v Notice that the equation for b only holds true for non negative right hand side so that puts limits on the allowed values for pe an
145. control_materi_visocity_apply index switch If switch is set to no any viscosity in the input file will be ignored This is done for timestep records with the same index 7 146 control_mesh_activate_gravity_apply index indezx_0 index_1 With this record you can specify which of the mesh_activate_gravity_ records should be applied by specifying the indices of the records that should be applied In case this con trol_mesh_activate_gravity_apply is not given all mesh_activate_gravity_ records will be applied As a special option you can use all indicating that all of the mesh activate _gravity_ records should be applied this is the same as not specifying the control_mesh_activate_gravity_apply record at all As another special option you can use none indicating that none of the mesh_activate_gravity records should be applied See also mesh_activate_gravity_time 7 147 control_mesh_adjust_geometry index geometry_entity_item_0 geometry_entity_inder_0 geometry_entity_item_1 geometry_entity_index_1 The nodes of the geometry entity 0 are replaced such that they neatly follow the boundary of geometry 1 In this way it is easy to make a mesh with elements precisely in specific regions if this is required to give separate element_group data e g materials to the geometry and it is too difficult to make the mesh at once OK for this The created mesh may be quite distorted 7 148 control_mesh_change_element_group index element_gro
146. convection heat flow on an edge e groundflow_bounda_dof boundary conditions on groundflow hydraulic head e materi_bounda_force discrete forces on nodes e materi_force_edge distributed forces on nodes e materi_force_edge_normal distributed normal forces on nodes e materi_force_edge_projected distributed projected forces on nodes e materi_force_edge_water distributed water forces on nodes e materi_force_volume distributed volume forces on nodes e materi_force_gravity distributed gravity forces on nodes e materi_bounda_dof boundary conditions on materi velocity on nodes 159 e materi_support_edge_normal distributed support forces on nodes e materi rhside free unbalance forces for materi_velocity for free displacements on nodex e materi rhside fixed reaction forces for materi_velocity for fixed displacements on nodex e element_materi_force_edge norm of distributed forces on elements e element_materi_force_edge_normal norm of distributed normal forces on an edge on elements e element_materi_force_edge_water norm of distributed water forces on an edge on ele ments e plasti_reduction_factor reduction factor for plasticity parameters from group_materi_plasti_elemen etc If you have specified print node_geometry_present then the gid files will contain geometry values which are 1 on nodes present in a geometry The materi_bounda_dof you can view in gid with View results Display vectors mate
147. cord Now however you do not need to specify the damping properties yourself they are calcu lated by Tochnog using the Young value E and the Poisson ratio y from the isoparametric element attached to the support 299 7 937 support_edge_normal_element_node index element_0 element_1 Selects the element and local nodes for which the support_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied 7 938 support edge normal element group index element_group Restricts the element group to which the support_edge normal record with the same index should be applied 7 939 support edge normal element side index element_0 element_1 side Selects the elements and local side number for which the support_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied 7 940 support_edge_normal factor index ay a an The same as force_edge_normal_factor now however for the support stiffnesses and not the force 7 941 support_edge_normal force initial index a_0 a_1 This record allows you to specify an initial normal force in the support linear varying in depth direction The initial normal force actually is ay ay y in 2D or ay ay z in 3D 7 942 support_edge_normal_geometry index geometry_entity_name geometry_entity_inde Selects the area for which the support_edge_ normal record with the same index should be applied For example geometry_line 1 can be used in 2D indicating that the nodes on line 1 get the distributed suppo
148. ct_ is deleted e Any groundflow_seepage_ is deleted 7 739 materi damage apply switch If switch is set to no any damage data in the input file will be ignored This is done for all timesteps This option is convenient for testing your input file just linear without the need to outcomment each and every part with damage data See also control_materi_damage_apply 256 7 740 materi_elasti_young_power_apply switch If switch is set to no any nonlinearity in young dependent on a power law will be ignored simply the reference young as encountered in the group_materi_elasti_young_power records will be applied at all times 7 741 materi failure apply switch If switch is set to no any failure data in the input file will be ignored This is done for all timesteps This option is convenient for testing your input file just linear without the need to outcomment each and every part with failure data See also control_materi_failure_apply 7 742 materi plasti hypo substepping index switch If switch is set to yes substepping will be applied in hypoplasticity routines If switch is set to no substepping will not be applied in hypoplasticity routines If the record control_materi_plasti_hypo_substepping is specified that record will be used If none record is not specified switch is set to yes 7 743 materi_plastiimax_iter maz_iter With this record you can set the maximum number of plastic iterations that will be used on i
149. ctions of the material parameters y A k and r by the following relations V3 3 sin pe 1 AS 34 a a a ln 14 2V2 sin po In 2 AY LTR av3 2 3 a 2 a v3 3 GU 973 Ca 1 1 R 0 15 Evolution of the state variables e void ratio and s sensitivity is governed by 1 e trD 16 k AR ast ene ke v Emp AG 17 where tr D and s 2 3 dev Di The basic hypoplastic model requires five constitutive parameters namely ye A N and r state is characterised by the Cauchy stress T and void ratio e An extended model allows us to take into account the effects of meta stable structure of natural clays This extension requires three additional parameters k A sf and one additional state variable s A basic model without the structure effects is recovered if s sr 1 and A 1 The s should be always greater or equal to 1 The basic law parameters should be specified in group_materi_plasti hypo_masin The ex tended parameters for the structure should be specified in group_materi_plasti_hypo_masin_structure 63 Pe AF K N T k A sf London clay 22 6 0 11 0 016 1 375 0 4 Pisa clay 21 9 0 14 0 0075 1 56 0 3 0 4 0 1 1 Table 1 Typical parameters of the hypoplastic model for clays The hypoplastic history variables e for this basic model and e and s for the extended model should be initialised with materi_plas
150. d The Lade nonlinear elasticity is a stress dependent model which typically is used to model the elastic behavior of granular materials It can be combined with plastic models for example with the di Prisco plasticity model for soils The stress rates are linked to the strain rates by the equation ow e ai 4 Eij EET Chk where the function W is xXl r W 2B 1 A where X p R abs s S 5 with pressure p 011 022 033 3 and deviatoric stresses Sij Gij pdi The model contains three user specified constants B R A which need to be specified in the group_materi_elasti_lade record B and A are defined by means of an isotropic unloading test and R by means of an unloading standard triaxial compression test For example for a loose sand B 1028 R 0 25 0 28 See 8 for the details The model cannot be used in combination with a poisson ratio 3 2 3 Elasto Plasticity Plastic strain In plastic analysis the materi_strain_elasti rate follows by subtracting from the materi_strain_total rate the materi_strain_plasti rate elas plas Eij iy Cig where the materi_strain_total rate is 51 Ov EN gui Ox Ox eij 0 5 The materi_strain_plasti rate follows from the condition that the stress cannot exceed the yield surface This condition is specified by a yield function f 4 o 0 The direction of the flow plastic strain rate is specified by the stres
151. d amplitude amp_1 etc The sine functions start at time 0 More general behavior in time can be imposed by using force_edge_time records For a specific index only one of force_edge_sine and force_edge_time can be specified The sine loads will be only imposed after start_time and only up to end_time More general time behavior can be specified with force_edge_time 7 426 force_edge_time index time load time load This record specifies a diagram which contains the factors with which the force_edge record with the same index is applied Linear interpolation is used to extend the time load values to the intervals between these pairs Outside the specified time range a factor 0 is used If this record is not specified and the force_edge_sine record is not specified the force is applied at all times with a factor 1 If no external forces like force_edge_time are specified the internal element forces become zero at free edges to satisfy equilibrium This causes for example temperature gradients to become 198 zero at free edges in heat problems 7 427 force_edge_normal index force Distributed normal force in the direction of the outward normal at the edge of a element This distributed term is translated into equivalent nodal force terms on the edges of elements Also the record force_edge_ normal geometry should be specified and optionally the record force_edge_normal_tim can be specified Attention this option is only avail
152. d is only meant for printing and plotting thus should not be initialized by initially specifying node_dof records you need to set number_of_history_variables at least to 7 and it is only available i c w group_materi_plasti_hypo_wolffersdorff 5 24 materi_plasti_kappa The size of the plastic strain is added to the node_dof records See the theory section 5 25 materi_plasti_kappa_shear The size of the shear part of the plastic strain henr is added to the node_dof records See the theory section 5 26 materi plasti laminate number_of_laminates This initialises the number of laminates for the multilaminate plasticity model At most 6 is allowed for number_of_laminates 89 5 27 materi_plasti_phimob The mobilized friction angle mo is added to the node_dof records It is defined as the angle in radians for which the yield function f 0 5 02 09 0 5 a2 09 8in dmov ccos mob becomes zero This is available for mohr coulomb and matsuoka nakai plasticity only Please realise that in regions with substantial cohesion the mobilized friction angle mob can exceed the friction angle from the plasticity law In case of zero cohesion or cohesion small relative to the stresses yield is reached if the mob reaches the friction angle The definition above can give either negative or positive values for deh negative values simply indicate that the stress state is far away from yielding 5 28 materi_plasti_rho
153. d specifies a diagram for normal interface stresses as function of the normal interface displacement difference between the opposite interface sides This record should be used in combi nation with group_interface_materi_stress_displacement_tangential_diagram This record cannot be used in combination with other group_interface_materi_ records 7 587 group interface_materi_stress_displacement_tangential diagram in dex displacement_0 first stress_0 first displacement_1 first stress_1 first displacement stress_0 second displacement_1 second stress_1 second This record specifies a diagram for tangential shear interface stresses as function of the tangential interface displacement difference between the opposite interface sides The first diagram holds for the first tangential direction The second diagram holds for the second tangential direction only in 3D If both the first and second diagram are specified in 3D these diagrams should have an equal length This record should be used in combination with group_interface_materi_stress_displacement_norn In case the normal stress in the interface is not negative the interface is considered to be opened and the shear stress will be lowered by the factor group_interface_materi_residual_stiffness This record cannot be used in combination with other group_interface_materi_ records 7 588 group interface materi stress displacement user index switch If you set switch to yes the user
154. d the tangential stress sig tangential of the edge of the element are obtained You can decide to apply the radial stress sig radial only with a factor factor normal between 0 and 1 Likewise you can decide to apply the tangential shear stress sig_tangential only with a factor factor_tangential between 0 and 1 As extra information for Tochnog to determine the correct radial stress and tangential shear stress on the edge of an element you need to specify the downward vertical direction with ver tical_dir_downward_x vertical_dir downward_y and vertical_dir_downward_z Only in 3D you also need to specify the length direction of the tunnel axis with tunnel_dir_x tunnel dir y and tunnel z In 2D you should not specify the 3D information ph_grad_z pv_grad_z vertical dir_downwardz tunnel_dir_x tunnel_dir_y and tunnel_z Also the record force_edge_projected_geometry should be used to specify where the force should be applied and optionally the record force_edge_projected_time can be specified Attention notice that horizontal soil stress in length direction of the tunnel is not included Attention this option is only available for linear and quadratic isoparametric elements Attention if this force_edge_projected option is used INSIDE a FE mesh then the elements on each side will get the force So the total force will protectedly become zero since the projected of the elements at the side of the geometry are opposite 7 439 force_
155. d v b 1 For visco hypoplasticity the M x1 reads Mijn eXmp 1 0 mp Lijr m px 1 mr LijmnSmn Bu for Sig s gt 0 pX mpR Mr LijmnSmn Ski for Sij ij 0 where S intergranular strains are the same as in the formulation without viscosity 65 The viscosity strain rate is assumed to be where the normalised flow rule fuj is x Mij Mij MijMij with F E ak a a Ak A A ak Mij 2 55 055 KIO Cig TKIP po The over consolidation ratio OCR appearing in the expression for the viscous creep rate is a function of the effective stress o and of the void ratio e Pe OCR Pe wherein the void ratio is hidden in the equivalent pressure pe and p is a special stress invariant The equivalent pressure pe is calculated from 1 gta So pa l e Peo with a user specified material constant Butterfield s first compression index and also user specified reference parameters eeo Peo which describe any pair of the void ratio and the effective pressure registered upon an isotropic D isotach i e during an isotropic first virgin compres A sion test with a constant volumetric rate of deformation equal to v 3D 2 The stress invariant pe is calculated using Det Ex n Lera 1 1 ifm lt 1 p 1 n He otherwise wherein cs sin Pe n q Mp and M gt a sin pe where p 0xx 3 and q 200 are the popular Roscoe s stress invariants and
156. d_time freg 0 amp_0 freq_1 amp_1 Similar to force_edge_sine now for heat flux however 7 78 condi heat_edge_normal time index time load time load This record specifies a diagram which contains the factors with which the condif_heat_edge_normal record with the same index is applied Linear interpolation is used to extend the time load values to the intervals between these pairs Outside the specified time range a factor 0 is used If this record is not specified the heat flux is applied at all times with a factor 1 7 79 condif heat_volume index heat Distributed volume heat source Here heat is the distributed heat source value See also condif_heat_volume_factor condif_heat_volume_geometry and condif_heat_volume_time 7 80 condif_heat_volume_element index element_0 element_1 Specifies the elements for which the condif_heat_volume record with the same index should be applied 120 7 81 condif_heat_volume_element_group index element_group Specifies the element group for which the condif_heat_volume record with the same index should be applied 7 82 condif_heat_volume_factor index ag a an This polynomial gives a factor which is used as a multiplication factor for condif_heat_volume records with the same index In this way you can obtain coordinate dependent forces In 1D the polynomial is ay a1 daf L In 2D the polynomial is ay a11 azy azx aszy asy aga az2 y agry agy
157. dad 236 7 637group_materi_maxwell chain index E 0t0 En 1 t_n 1 236 7 638group_materi_membrane index switch 2 o 236 Eyed Re det ed Ante a ae Pe 236 7 640group_materi_plasti_bounda index index_0 indez_1 238 beam ates Ghd he GS ok Ww Bog 238 7 642group_materi_plasti_camclay indez M k A 238 7 643group_materi_plasti_cap1 index dc M A k KT Wal 238 R EPE 239 7 645group_materi_plasti_compression index sugY ooo aa aa 239 7 646group_materi_plasti_compression_direct index sigy 7 647group_materi_plasti_diprisco index y By bp Cp tp 0 0 Ee Br O a ee teen 240 basis RGA aun Gar naked 240 Cee ae ee sn 240 bot eA ne Oe be 241 29 7 657group_materi_plasti_hypo_strain_intergranular index R Mmr Mr By Y y 241 7 658group_materi_plasti_hypo_masin indez pe X KEN P 241 7 659group_materi_plasti_hypo_masin_ocr indez OCR 241 7 660group_materi_plasti_hypo_masin_structure indez k A sy 241 7 661group_materi_plasti_hypo_wolffersdorff index y hs n eco eao eio alpha beta 241 7 662group_materi_plasti_hypo_niemunis_visco index y nu Dr Iy eeo Peo lambda BR 7 663group_materi_plasti_hypo_niemunis_visco_ocr index OCR 7 664group_materi_plasti_hypo_void_ratio_linear index switch 7 665group_materi_plasti_kinematic_hardening indez a 7 666group_materi_plasti_laminate0_direction index dir_x dir_y dir_z 7 667group_materi_plasti_laminate0_mohr_coul index phi c phiflow 7 668group_materi_plasti_l
158. defines will be printed See the start of the data part for an explanation about defines The printing will be done to the file tochnog_define txt 7 855 print element geometry present switch See clement geometry present Default switch is set to no 7 856 print_failure switch If switch is set to yes then failure of elements due to one of the failure criteria group_materi_failure rupture etc will be reported 7 857 print_filter index data_item_name data_item_index number_0 number_1 The data selected in the records control_print control_print_dof control_print_dof_rhside and control_print_element will be filtered at output Thus only a limited amount of data will actually be printed Here data_item_name is the name of the data item to be filtered e g data_item_name is node_dof data_item_index is the index of the data_item_name record which passes the filter If for example data_item_index is 3 then only index 3 passes the filter If data_item_index is all then all indices pass the filter If for example data_item_index is geometry_line 3 valid if data_item_name is node or another nodal item then only records with coordinates located on line 3 pass the filter If for example data_item_indezx is geometry_line 3 valid if data_item_name is element or another element item then only element with at least one coordinate located on line 3 pass the filter If for example data_item_indez is ra ra then in dices in this
159. del the yield condition is formulated for a modified stress ij Tij 0005 58 with oo ccot o You should also include tension cut off preferably with group_materi_plasti tension direct This law is know to behave erratic in some situations Usage of this law is discouraged Matsuoka Nakai hardening softening plasticity model The group_materi_plasti_matsuoka_nakai_hardening_softening model is the same as the standard Matsuoka Nakai model However the parameters c and both for the yield rule and for the flow rule are softened on the effective plastic strain heor For example for the cohesion a linear variation is taken between the initial value cy at cheur 0 up to c at a specified critical value of and constant c for larger values of x 0 The same is done for 0 for the yield rule and for the flow rule You should also include tension cut off preferably with group_materi_plasti_tension_direct Mohr Coulomb plasticity model The group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul model reads 0 5 01 03 0 5 01 03 sin e cos 0 Here c is the cohesion 01 is the largest principal stress and o3 is the smallest principal stress The angle needs to be specified for both the yield condition and the flow rule by choosing different values non associative plasticity is obtained As an alternative consider using group_materi_plasti mohr_coul direct which is more stable and fast You sho
160. del interfaces between different materials or between a material and prescribed boundary This model limits the soil shear stress in the interface with the reduction 245 factor as specified by group_materi_plasti_bounda or group_materi_plasti_mpc The limit of the shear stress follows the classical mohr coulomb law for interfaces with the specified phi c and phi_flow and multiplied by the reduction factor This group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul_reduction can be combined with the group_materi_plasti_mohr _cc record Then the shear stresses are limited both by the interface law from group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul_re and also by the continuums law from group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul_direct For all soil elements at which the reduction factor is not active this group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul_reducti will be neglected See also group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul_reduction_method 7 676 group_materi_plastiimohr_coul_reduction_method index dir This record works i c w group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul_reduction With this record you can specify the normal direction dir for the structure This dir can either be x or y or z By example for a vertical pile in 2D you should specify x as normal direction Default if group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul_reduction_method is not specified the dir is x 7 677 group_materi_plasti_mpc index switch Same as group_materi_plasti_bounda but now for mpc_ records however If you set switch to yes the reduction factor
161. dinate are irrelevant In 2D only switch_x switch_y need to be specified With mpc_geometry_tolerance you can set the tolerance beneath which nodes of the first geometry and second geometry are assumed to have the same coordinate If mpc_geometry_tolerance is not specified then a tolerance of 1 e 4 is used If method in mpc_geometry_method is set to method1 the following mpc s will be generated You should only specify the first geometry The dof s of the nodes in this first geometry become equal The first node of this first geometry becomes the master all other nodes in this first geometry become slave If you want to know which node is the first node in this first geometry use a control_print node with a print_filter for the first geometry If method in mpc_geometry_method is set to method2 the following mpc s will be generated You should only specify the first geometry Unknowns of the nodes with equal coordinate in this first geometry become equal 7 766 mpc_geometry_method index method See mpc_geometry If this mpc_geometry_method is not specified then method will be set to methodo 7 767 mpc_geometry_switch index switch_x switch_y switch_z See mpc_geometry 7 768 mpc_geometry_tolerance index tolerance See mpc_geometry 7 769 mpc_geometry_dof index dof_0 dof_1 The dof 0 dof_1 in mpc_geometry_dof specify the dof s that should be set equal e g velx vely etc 7 770 mpc_linear_quadratic switch If s
162. directed to the positive global y direction With switch_x switch_y switch_z set to no yes yes the angle will measure the number of degrees from the positive global y coordinate directed to the positive global z direction With switch_a switch_y switch_z set to yes no yes the angle will measure the number of degrees from the positive global x coordinate directed to the positive global z direction In 1D you cannot use this control_print_node_angular record In 2D you should not specify switch_z and you can only use yes yes The middle point of the axes in which the angle is determined should be specified with con trol_print_node_angular_middle By example in 2D the angle follows from tan angle a In 1D you cannot use this control_print_node_angular_middle record In 2D you should not specify zmiddle and you should only specify middle y_middle See also control_print_node 7 294 control print node angular middle index x middle y middle z middle See control_print_node_angular 7 295 control print node geometry index geometry_item_name geometry_item_index With control print node geometry you can restrict the printing to be done only on nodes located on the specified geometry See also control_print_node 7 296 control_print_node_sort index sort_method With control_print_node_sort you can set if the printed results should be sorted In case you use angular for control_print_node_method you can set the sortzmethod to angle Ot
163. drilateral in direction of the quadrilateral plane Typically try 1 e 3 for iso_tolerance 7 496 geometry_set index geometry_entity_0 geometry_entity_index_0 geometry_entity_1 geometry_entity_inder_1 This set combines a number of geometrical entities e g geometry_circle geometry_line etc into a new entity You cannot use another geometry set for the geometrical entities that is geometry sets cannot be nested Other data items can check if nodes are located on this geometry 7 497 geometry sphere index xc y_c zc radius tolerance This data item defines a sphere in space Other data items can check if nodes are located on this geometry The coordinate of the center is zc y c zc All node within a distance tolerance of radius are considered to be part of the sphere 212 7 498 geometry_sphere_segment index x_c y_c 2c radius side_x side_y side_z tolerance This data item defines a spherical segment in space Other data items can check if nodes are located on this geometry The coordinate of the center is zc y_c zc If side_x is set to a positive value say 1 then only x values larger then z_c are considered to be part of the geometry If side_x is set to a negative value say 1 then only x values smaller then z_c are considered to be part of the geometry If side_x is set to 0 then all x values are considered to be part of the geometry Likewise remarks hold for y and z values All node within a distance tolerance of
164. e 115 cohesion reduction change_dataitem_time 20 group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul_direct 10 1 use change_dataitem_time 20 7 50 change_dataitem_time_user index switch If switch is set to yes a user supplied subroutine is used instead of the change_dataitem_time table See also the user cpp routine included in the distribution 7 51 check data switch If switch is set to yes the in core database is checked at some moments during the calculation You can try this option in case you experience unexpected behavior 7 52 check error switch Tochnog will does some error checking which you can suppress by setting switch to no 7 53 Check element node index switch Tochnog will check that elements do not have duplicate nodes If you want to have duplicate nodes on purpose however you can set switch to no so that this checking is suppressed 7 54 check_element_shape index factor Isoparametric elements are mapped from the isoparametric space to the real coordinate space with shape functions The determinant of the Jacobian of the mapping will have the same value in each integration point if elements are not distorted by the mapping Thus the relative difference detip detaverage K K x 28 in each integration point of an element measures the distortion detaverage Tochnog determines the average of the relative difference for all the integration points in an element If this average is larger then factor a warn
165. e accx bounda_time 10 0 2 0 78 1 33 acceleration data only bounda time offset 10 1 the accelerations start at time 1 bounda_time_increment 10 0 05 the increments in time are 0 05 In this example the acceleration is 0 2 at time 1 it is 0 78 at time 1 05 etc 7 39 bounda time_units factor_time factor_length The specified times and data in bounda_time may have other units then you actually apply in your calculation With factor_time you correct the time in bounda_time to get times consistent with your calculation With factor_length you can correct the data in bounda_time to get data consistent with your calculation By example if bf bounda time contains sec and cm and if your actual calculation uses hour and m then set factor_time to 3600 and set factor length to 100 This option is presently only available for prescribed accelerations 7 40 bounda time smc index switch If switch is set to yes the SMC file indez smc will be read Such Strong Motion CD file SMC file contains base acceleration time data This option can be used to read SMC files strictly following the definition from http nsmp wr usgs gov smcfmt html A typical input example for a SMC file looks like 112 materi_velocity materi_stress end_initia bounda_baseline_correction 1 1 1 correct acceleration for time 1 to 1 1 bounda_dof 10 geometry_line accx bounda_time_smc 10 yes bounda_time_smc_offset 10 1 the base excitation starts at time
166. e 1 107 dependency_item 1 group_materi_maxwell_chain 1 temp 4 dependency_diagram 1 1 2 3 4 181 1 e10 1 e9 1 e8 3 e5 1 e 2 1 e 2 1 e 2 1 e 2 1 e12 1 e11 1 e10 3 e7 1 e 2 1 e 2 1 e 2 1 e 2 As a special option dof can be set to time_current This allows for time dependent properties aging The example below shows time dependent Young s modulus of element_group 1 E 1 e10 at time 0 etc dependency_item 1 group_materi_elasti_young 1 time_current 4 dependency_diagram 1 0 1 2 3 1 e10 1 e9 1 e8 3 e5 As a special option element_group can be set to all so that the dependency diagram will be used for all groups As another special option dof can be set to x y or z This allows for dependency on one of the space coordinates The example below shows a von mises stress dependent on the z coordinate for element_group 1 dependency_item 1 group_materi_plasti_vonmises 1 z 4 dependency_diagram 1 300 200 100 0 1 e5 1 e4 1 e3 1 e2 In 1D only x can be used in 2D only x and y can be used and in 3D all of x y and z can be used The dependencies are available only for real precision data and thus not for integer data The dependency_diagram values should be specified from low to high values for the dof The dependency_method can be set to either use or multiply with use you specify that the values of dependency_diagram will overwrite specified values for the data item with multiply you sp
167. e between nodes of the element Default the minimal allowed size is 0 7 208 control_mesh_refine_locally_not index geometry_entity_0 geometry_entity_inder_0 The refinement as specified in the control_mesh_refine_locally record with the same index will not be applied on the geometry specified by geometry_entity_0 geometry_entity_index_0 7 209 control_mesh_refine_locally_not_method index method Set method to all or any If method is set to all then the corresponding control_mesh_refine_locally_not is applied to elements for which all nodes are inside the specified geometry If method is set to any then the corresponding control_mesh_refine_locally_not is applied to elements for which any of the nodes is inside the specified geometry Default method is all 7 210 control_mesh_refine_locally_only index geometry_entity_0 geometry_entity_index_0 The refinement as specified in the control_mesh_refine_locally record with the same index will only be applied on the geometry specified by geometry_entity_0 geometry_entity_index_0 7 211 control_mesh_refine_locally_only_method index method Set method to all or any If method is set to all then the corresponding control_mesh_refine_locally_only is applied to elements for which all nodes are inside the specified geometry If method is set to any then the corresponding control_mesh_refine_locally_only is applied to elements for which any of the nodes is inside the specified geo
168. e choose vectors e Set scale factor choose factor to get nice vector lengths e Coloring choose node_materi_velocity and choose magnitude How to find the number of elements depicted in the plot e Split the screen at the top right of the layout window and select spreadsheet view on the second screen e View and then Selection display inspector e In the inspector select ID for Cell labels and Point labels e Activate the small select cells on button in the layout e With the left mouse button click and drag to select the cells How to see only elements of a certain groups e In Filters select Common and then select Threshold e In Scalars select element_group e In Minimum set the mininum group number that you want to see e In Maximum set the maximum group number that you want to see e In Coloring select the data that you want to see 7 300 control_print_vtk_empty index switch If switch is set to yes empty elements are included in the vtk file If switch is set to no empty elements are not included in the vtk file Default if control_print_vtk_empty is not specified switch is set to yes 168 7 301 control_print_vtk_node_method index node_type You can set node_type to the name of the node record that should be used for the vtk file Use node_start_refined to get the current values of the node_start_refined record Use node to get the current values of the node record Use plus_displacement to get the current values of the
169. e dynamic analysis even for large timesteps If you use this control_timestep_iterations_extra option the post_node_rhside_ratio be comes invalid it is not determined correctly in combination with this control_timestep_iterations_extra since the stresses are not calculated at the end of each timestep Default switch is set to yes 7 341 control_timestep_multiplier index multiplier If this record is specified each new time step size is multiplier old time step size The step_size as specified in control_timestep will only be used as the initial time step This option is handy to study physical processes which develop more slowly when time proceeds A typical example is consolidation analysis in geotechnics 7 342 control_timestep_reduce_automatic index n_subdivisions n_subdivisions_levels mazimum_iterations If the error ratio in a timestep exceeds the maximum error ratio after maximum_iterations the timestep size will be subdivided into n_subdivisions The maximum error ratio is specified in control_timestep_reduce_automatic_ratio_criterium This maximum number of subdivisions levels including the initial undivided level is n_subdivisions_levels The initial step size and time increment should be set in control_timestep The maximum number of allowed iteration should be 2 or larger With this algorithm you can ensure that time points will always arrive exactly at times of interest at which actions are taken in time tables or so t
170. e fixing displace ments at sides of the domain boundary conditions on hydraulic pressure etc The bounda_alternate record instructs tochnog to subsequently neglect the record 10 20 30 40 10 etc When a record is neglected the corresponding solution field can be solved By example in the first iteration the solution field for the x displacement can be solved while the y displacement and z displacement and hydraulic head are kept fixed And thus the total system of equations is much smaller approx imately 4 times less dof s need to be solved by the pardiso solver which in fact is the bottleneck in computer memory usage for very large calculations Notice that we asked tochnog to use the symmetric equation solver since the pressures and displacements are not used simultaneously so we don t have the disadvantage of a non symmetric matrix with displacement and pressure contributions As another example we use a classical staggered solution for displacements and water pressures 106 solver_matrix_symmetric yes bounda_alternate 10 20 bounda_dof 10 all velx vely velz bounda_dof 20 all pres control_timestep 100 control_timestep_iterations 100 20 You should not specify bounda time records i c w bounda_dof records which are used in bounda_alternate The bounda_time records will not be used 7 20 bounda_baseline_correction time_start time_end If this record is specified baseline correction is performed after one of
171. e fly while it is running The runtime file will be read at the start of each time step The runtime file needs to have the same name as the input file with the extension run instead of dat however Suppose the name of the normal input file is beam dat then the name of the runtime file is beam run The runtime file always needs to be ended with two end_data statements As a typical example you can use this runtime file when you are doing a long calculation and you decide while the calculation is running that you want extra output Suppose the normal input file tochnog dat contains control_timestep 100 Then you can decide to get some extra GID plotting files while Tochnog is already running by using the runtime file tochnog run with control_print_gid 100 yes end_data end_data When you want to de activate the printing of GID files again then set the runtime file to control_print_gid 100 no end_data end_data As a special option you can use exit_tochnog yes in the runtime file then Tochnog will exit the calculation after printing the complete database and GID files After the runtime file is read it will be automatically deleted by Tochnog 304 9 Interaction analyzes and advanced analyzes 9 1 Fluid structure interaction If a solid construction interacts with a fluid both the solid and fluid can be modeled with the materi equation Interaction forces between solid and fluid will automatically be generated If requi
172. e is written for each interface element If you specify control_print_interface_stress_3d_geometry then only interfaces elements located on the geometry will be printed If you don t specify control_print_interface_stress_3d_geometry then all interfaces elements will be printed You can specify the order of printing of the interfaces in the file with method in control_print_interface_stress_3d_order If you set order to x the interfaces will be ordered according to x coordinate If you set order to y the interfaces will be ordered according to y coordinate If you set order to z the interfaces will be ordered according to z coordinate If you don t use control_print_interface_stress_3d_order the interfaces will be ordered according to element number 7 287 control _print_interface_stress_2d_coordinates index Zstart Ystart Lend Yend For 2D only See control_print_interface_stress 7 288 control_print_interface_stress_3d_geometry index geometry_item_name geometry_item_index For 3D only See control_print_interface_stress 7 289 control_print_interface_stress_3d_order index order For 3D only See control_print_interface_stress 7 290 control_print_materi_stress_force index method This option prints forces and moments as calculated by post_calcul_materi_stress_force It prints in special purpose ascii files convenient for further external postprocessing By example the name of the file will be materi_stress_force 100 if the index is 10
173. e maximum number as allowed by your computer Default switch is set to yes This processors_maximum record will not be used if the proces sors record is specified 287 7 874 processors_partition npartition The element loop is parallised as follows The master process gives away small amounts on the total number of elements to child processes and if a child process is ready it gets a new small amount of the master process In fact a child process gets each time an amount of nelement a E E E q npartion processors where nelement is the number of elements npartition is specified in processors_partition and processors is specified in processors Default if processors_partition is not specified we set npartition to 1 7 875 relaxation relax_0 relax_1 Relaxation parameters for adjusting dof s in iterations This can stabilize the calculation For example a relaxation parameter of 0 1 means that the corresponding dof is now completely updated with the iterative change but only 10 percent of the change is actually applied in a iteration If enough iterations are used the relaxation parameters with not influence the final solution You should specify a relaxation parameter term for each principal dof which is present in the calculation see the start of the data part description for a list of principal dof s these are velocities temperature etc The relaxation is used for all timesteps See also control_relaxation
174. e optionally by tochnog only when needed for the calculation The index specifies the element number 7 378 element_dof_initial index dof_0 dof_1 When an element comes the first time to live it assumes that it had in the past the dof s specified in this element_dof_initial record You can either specify one value for each dofor you can specify values for the dof s for all nodes specify first all dof s for the first node then specify the dof s for the second node etc The index specifies the element number This record will influence inertia terms like mass acceleration temperature capacity etc As an example you can set so the initial temperature of a part that is connected to the mesh at some time 7 379 element_dof_initial_specific_number index number With this record you can an initial value for one specific dof The number specifies the dof num ber for example velx or sigxx etc The initial value for the dof needs to be specified with element_dof_initial_specific_value The index specifies the element number 7 380 element_dof_initial_specific_value index value_0 value_grad_x value_grad_y value_grad_z This specifies for the element _dof_initial_specific_number record the initial value Here value_0 is the value at coordinate x y z 0 value_grad_x is the x gradient value_grad_y is the y gradient and value_grad_z is the z gradient In 1D you only need to specify for the gradients the value_grad_x and in 2D
175. e specified time range a factor 0 is used 202 If this record is not specified the force is applied at all times with a factor 1 7 449 force_edge_water index switch If switch is set to yes distributed water pressure force is added to the model This distributed term is translated into equivalent nodal force terms on the edges of elements The distributed force is automatically calculated as density_water g Az where g is the gravitational acceleration and Az is the distance to the phreatic level The water pressure force acts normal to the element edge in inward direction You need to specify also force_edge_water_geometry The water density is given by groundflow_ density The gravity acceleration is given by the vertical component of force_gravity The water height is relative to the water height is given by groundflow_phreatic_level Attention if this force_ edge water option should be used with care INSIDE a FE mesh The total edge of an element must be inside the geometry for the force to become active For 2D elements the border lines are edges For 3D elements the border surfaces are edges 7 450 force edge water element index element_0 Selects the element for which the force_edge_water record with the same index should be applied 7 451 force_edge_water_element_group index element_group_0 Selects the element groups for which the force_edge_water record with the same index should be applied 7 452 force_ed
176. e status of the mohr coulomb yield rule of laminate 0 The status can be either elastic or plastic For other laminates the records are element_intpnt_plasti_laminatel_mohr_coul_status etc The indez is the element number 7 404 element_intpnt_plasti_laminate0_tension_status index status This record is meant for printing only It gives for all integration points of an element the status of the tension cutoff yield rule of laminate 0 The status can be either elastic or plastic For other laminates the records are element_intpnt_plasti_laminatel_status_status etc The indez is the element number 7 405 element_materi_plasti_laminateO_apply index switch If switch is set to yes laminate 0 of the multilaminate model will be applied for the element with number indez if the laminate is specified in the element group data If switch is set to no laminate 0 of the multilaminate model will not be applied for the element with number indez Default if element_materi_plasti laminate0_ apply is not specified for an element then the switch is set to yes For other laminates element_materi_plasti laminatel_apply should be specified 7 406 element materi plasti laminate0 direction index dir_x dir_y dir_z If this record is specified laminate 0 of the multilaminate model of the element with number index gets dir_x dir_y dir_zas normal for the multilaminate plane This element_materi_plasti_laminate0_directio overrules the presence if any of t
177. e x coordinates of the start point and end point need to be specified etc The printed files will contain lines like x y z and dof where dof is the dof e g temp In 1D only x will be printed etc If switch is set to separate_index the filenames will be like dof indez If switch is set to separate_sequential then the filenames will be sequentially numbered like dof 0 dof 1 etc 7 255 control_print_dof point_coordinates index x y z See control_print_dof_line 7 256 control print dof point time index switch If switch is set to yes the first line of each file will specify the time_current at which the file is written in gnuplot comment format 7 257 control_print_dof_rhside index switch If switch is set to yes then results for right hand side for the primary dof s will be printed including also the coordinates at which the results hold For example for the file temp_rhside index will contain lines containing x y z and right hand side of temp that is heat flux In 1D only x will be printed etc 7 258 control_print_element index data_item_name With this option you can print values from element data versus coordinates Select either element_truss_force or element_beam_force_moment for data_item_name The normal truss forces of the element_truss_force records will be printed in the file ele ment_truss_force_n indez This file will contain lines containing x y z and normal truss force In 1D only x will be
178. ear_kappa The maximum size of the deviatoric part of the total strain as occurred in history is added to the node_dof records 92 5 50 materi_strain_total_tension_kappa The maximum principal tensional total strain as occurred in history is added to the node_dof records 5 51 materi_stress The stresses 011 012 013 022 023 033 are added to the node_dof records 5 52 materi stress pressure history The maximum of the absolute value of the pressure which occurs over time is added to the node_dof records See also group_materi_elasti_stress_pressure_history_factor in the data part 5 53 materi_velocity The velocities v are added to the node_dof records 5 54 materi_velocity_integrated The integrated velocities vi are added to the node_dof records The integration of nodal veloc ities in fact results in displacements But asking for these integrated velocities doesn t activate automatically that the calculation is done over the total deformed volume as is the case when you initialize materi_displacement and not automatically a total Lagrange model is used in stress analysis 5 55 materi_void fraction The material void fraction f is added to the node_dof records This is required for the group_materi_plasti_g model 5 56 materi_work The material second order work 6 is added to the node_dof records You can print or plot it to see where material instabilities are present 5 57 mrange mazimum_range_length Sets
179. eat rate per unit volume q 72 See group_materi_viscosity_heatgeneration 73 3 3 Bond slip The bond slip formulation of this section is taken from 9 3 3 1 Bond slip displacements Nodes of trusses embedded in isoparametric mother elements can be tied with multi point con straints to the displacements of the nodes of the mother elements see control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_ To allow for bond slip between the trusses and the isoparametric mother elements extra slip dis placements Sv Sy and s are introduced Non zero values for these slip displacements mean slip between trusses and the isoparametric elements In the initialisation part truss_bond_slip should be specified 3 3 2 Bond slip CEB FIP 1990 Model Code 90 The extra slip displacements are determined from the condition that the bond shear stresses cannot exceed maximum allowed shear stress Th may as a function of the size of the slip s S a Tb max Tmax 0 lt s lt 51 1 Tb maxz Tmax S1 lt 8 lt 82 S 81 Tb maxz Tmax Tmax Tf S E S2 lt 85 lt 83 37 22 Tb maxz Tf 3 lt S You need to specify in group_truss_bond_slip_ceb_fip_1990 the parameters of the CEB FIP 1990 Model Code 90 3 3 3 Bond slip diagram You can specify a diagram in group_truss_bond_slip_diagram 74 3 4 Contact analysis 3 4 1 Penalty formulation In contact analysis normal forces F follow from the condition that bodies cannot penetrate each ot
180. ecify that the values of dependency_diagram will multiply specified values for the data item default if dependency_method is not specified use will be used With the dependency_type record you can require that the cosinus sinus or tangent of a data value is used in the dependency in stead of the data value directly itself The type can be set to either cosinus sinus or tangent This is typically convenient for geotechnical safety factor calculations where you want that for a mohr coulomb law the cohesion and tangent of the friction angle are decreased at the same ratio in time If you don t specify dependency_type the value itself will be changed To be clear we give the following four examples If dependency_method is set to use and dependency_type is not specified then the value specified in the dependency dia gram will be used for the data If dependency_method is set to use and dependency_type is set to tangent then the arc tangent of the value specified in the dependency diagram will be used for the data If dependency_method is set to multiply and dependency_type is not speci fied then the value specified in the dependency diagram will be multiplied with the original value for the data and the result will be used as new value for for the data If dependency_method is set to multiply and dependency _type is set to tangent then the value specified in the dependency diagram will be multiplied with the tangent of the original value
181. ed by the word flow for Mohr Coulomb plasticity Choose phi and phiflow in between 0 and 5 The index specifies the element_group see element_group Principal stress differences higher than allowed by the mohr coulomb criterium are not allowed and will be cut of by Tochnog This model uses an alternative programming of the mohr coulomb law which tends to be very stable You must specify also group_materi_plasti_tension direct You can apply softening with a dependency_diagram on materi_strain_total_shear_kappa 7 673 group materi plasti mohr coul direct_eps iter index eps_iter Relative break tolerance for iterations with the mohr columb direct model The tolerance in fact states the ratio of the stress change in the last iteration versus the stress change in the first iteration Default eps_iter is set to 1 e 6 7 674 group_materi_plasti mohr_coul_hardening_softening index phi_0 c_0 phiflow_0 phi_1 c_1 phiflow_1 kappashear_crit Both yield data and flow data indicated by the word flow for Mohr Coulomb hardening softening plasticity See the theoretical part Choose each of the angles phi_0 phiflow_0 phi_1 phiflow_1 in between 0 and 5 It is advised to use group_materi_plasti tension or preferably with group_materi plasti tension direct for tension cutoff of large tension stresses The index spec ifies the element_group see element_group 7 675 group_materi_plastimohr_coul reduction index phi c phi_flow With this option you can mo
182. edge_projected_element index element_0 element_1 Restricts the element to which the force_edge_projected record with the same index should be applied 7 440 force_edge_projected_element_node index element node_0 node_1 Selects the element and local nodes for which the force_edge_projected record with the same index should be applied 7 441 force edge projected element_group index element_group_0 element_group_1 Restricts the element group to which the force_edge_projected record with the same index should be applied 201 7 442 force_edge_projected_element_side index element_0 element_1 side Selects the elements and local side number for which the force_edge_projected record with the same index should be applied 7 443 force_edge_projected_factor index ay a an This data item defines a polynomial in space This polynomial gives a factor which is used as a multiplication factor for force edge_projected records with the same index In this way you can obtain coordinate dependent forces In 1D the polynomial is aj a12 a22 In 2D the polynomial is ay a11 azy azz aszy asy aga az2 y agry agy We explain the logic in 3D with examples By example if n 2 the polynomial is ag a1 as specify 3 values By example if n 5 the polynomial is ay a x ag a3y a4 asz specify 6 values By example if n 8 the polynomial is ay 4 1 a2x az asy a5y ag 072 82 specify 9
183. ee control_mesh_extrude_contact_spring_element_group_new 7 169 control_mesh_extrude_contact_spring_element_group_new index el ement_group_new_0 element_group_new_1 If this record is specified then a contact spring is generated between each start node and end node in the extrude direction This option comes handy when you want to use these contact springs to enforce that the nodes on the start plane get the same displacements as the nodes on the end plane which models that the extruded mesh is in fact part of a very long domain with no variations in the longitudinal direction of the domain The contact springs get group number element_group_new_0 when its node is attached to an element with old group element_group_0 The contact springs get group number element_group_new_1 when its node is attached to an element with old group element_group_1 Etc The old groups are specified in the control_mesh_extrude_contact_spring_element_group record If the contact spring s node is attached to more than one old group the first specified old group and corresponding new group will be used As aspecial option if you specify in control_mesh_extrude_contact_spring_element_group_new only one new element group number then all contact springs will be placed on that group 7 170 control mesh extrude element group index element_group_0 element_group_1 number_0 number_1 With this option you can limit the extrusion if different parts of the mesh
184. elected elements 7 848 post_strain_volume_relative index volume_strain_relative Relative volume strain percentage Otherwise the same as post_strain_volume_absolute 7 849 print_apply switch If switch is set to no then all control_print_ records will not be applied Default if print_apply is not specified switch is set to yes 7 850 print arithmetic switch If switch is set to yes all evaluated arithmetics will be printed See the start of the data part for an explanation about arithmetics The printing will be done to the file tochnog_arithmetic txt 7 851 print_control switch If switch is set to yes the control index being evaluated will be printed Handy for keeping track on what the program is doing 282 7 852 print_data_name switch If switch is set to yes all possible data names will be printed The printing will be done to the file tochnog_data_name txt This is convenient to search in the tochnog _data_name txt file fast for options By example under linux to search all options which have the word group in it do grep group tochnog_data_name txt 7 853 print_database_calculation switch If switch is set to yes the database will be written after successful completion of a calculation to the file name dbs where name is the name of the input file If switch is set to no the database will not be written Default switch is set to yes 7 854 print_define switch If switch is set to yes all evaluated
185. element_group or strain_volume_geometry is given then the strain_volume_relative_time or strain_volume_absolute_time will be ap plied to all isoparametric elements The volumetric strain option presently is available only for small deformation analysis The vol umetric strain can be be applied to isoparametric elements only The volumetric strain is not available for membrane elements See also post_strain_volume_absolute and post_strain_volume_ relative 7 931 strain_volume_element_group index element_group_0 element_group_1 See strain_volume_element 7 932 strain_volume_geometry index geometry_item_name geometry_item_index See strain_volume_element 298 7 933 strain_volume_relative_time index time_0 relative_volume_strain_0 time_1 relative_volume_strain_1 See strain_volume_element 7 934 support_edge_normal index stiffness_normal stiffness_tangential Distributed support of an edge winkler foundation The stiffness_normal specifies the normal stiffness of the support per unit length in 2D and per unit area in 3D The stiffness_tangential specifies the tangential stiffness This option is meant for 2D and 3D calculations Also the record support_edge_normal_geometry should be specified Attention this option is only available for linear and quadratic isoparametric elements See also node_support_edge_normal_force 7 935 support edge normal damping index damping_normal damping_tangential Distributed damping a
186. elf is not allowed to have an include in the data part The included file should not contain comments The included file needs to be ended with an end_data On some MS windows computers two end_data records are needed so try that in case of trouble On MS windows 32 bit computers include is not available Numbering of values in records The numbering of values in records in illustrated by node_dof records Look at the following piece of input file number_of_space_dimensions 2 materi_velocity materi_stress end _initia node_dof 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 node_dof 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 end_data 98 Here node_dof records 1 and 2 are initialized The initial velocities are 0 and for the initial stresses we use 0 13 1 o_yy 1 and o_zz 1 The total list of dof s in the node_dof record is velx vely sigxx sigxy sigxz sigyy sigyz and sigzz We refer to velx as the 0 th value in the node_dof record vely as the 1 th value etc So printing the history of the sigxx stress of node_dof record 1 is obtained by this control_timestep 10 control_print_history 10 node_dof 1 2 end_data where the number 2 refers to the sigxx stress See also the definition of the control_print_history record for this As an alternative sometimes you can use names instead of numbers for example here control_timestep 10 control_print_history 10 node_dof 1 sigxx end_data
187. ement_group geometry_entity_item geometry_entity_index The same as control_mesh_generate_truss now for truss_beams however 7 183 control_mesh_generate_truss_beam_loose index switch This record works together with the control_mesh_generate_truss control_mesh_generate_beam and control_mesh_generate_truss_beam records If switch is set to yes the truss or beam of truss_beam will not be connected to the existing nodes but new nodes will be generated for the generated element Afterwards you can typically connect the truss or beam of truss_beam to the existing mesh with constactsprings so that the end result is that you can model frictional slip between isoparametric elements and structural elements See also control_mesh_generate_contact_spring 7 184 control_mesh_generate_truss_beam_macro index macro_0 macro_1 This record works together with the control_mesh_generate_truss control mesh _generate_beam and control_mesh_generate_truss_beam records With macro_0 etc you can specify the indices of control_mesh_macro_ records Then the trusses or beams or truss_beams will only be generated for nodes coming from the mesh generated by the macro records with the specified indices This is handy in case you generate two neighboring meshes with macro s and want to generate the elements trusses or beams or truss_beams in between these two meshes Normally both the meshes would get the extra truss or in case you use a ge
188. ent index element_0 element_1 With the strain_volume_ data items you can specify an extra volumetric strain component which Tochnog should add to specified elements element groups or a geometry Think of geotechnics grouting as a typical example Use strain_volume_element to specify element numbers for which the volume strain should be applied Use strain_volume_element_group to specify element group numbers for which the volume strain should be applied Use strain_volume_geometry to specify a geometry for which the volume strain should be applied You can either specify relative volume strains relative to the initial volume or absolute volume changes Use strain_volume relative time to specify a time versus relative volume strain dia gram These relative volume strains should be specified as percentage thus 100 would be a volume strain equal to the initial volume so 100 percent extra volume Use strain_volume_absolute_time to specify a time versus absolute volume increase diagram These absolute volume increases should be specified as real volume thus m if you use would meter m as length unit in your input file Exactly one of strain_volume relative time or strain_volume absolute time should be given in the input file not both At times outside strain_volume_ relative time or strain_volume_absolute_time the relative volume strain or absolute volume increase are assumed to be zero If none of strain_volume_element strain_volume_
189. ents of a beam in the local beam axes 2 y 2 The index specifies the beam element number Attention the values at the first node have a minus in their definition as compared with the values in the second node By example in a beam number 20 with constant z moment of 10 you will find element_beam_force_moment 20 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 10 7 374 element_contact_spring_ direction indez dirN dir N dir N dirT 1 dirT1 dirT1 dirT2 dirT2 dirT2 In the input file you can specify with this record the directions of a contact spring If not specified after the calculation this record will be filled with the used directions The index specifies the spring element number 7 375 element_contact_spring_strain index strain N strain_T1 strain_T2 After the calculation this record will be filled with the normal and tangential elongation in a contact_spring element The index specifies the spring element number The tangential strain strain_T2 only is present in 3D 7 376 element contact spring force index force N force T1 force_T2 After the calculation this record will be filled with the normal and tangential forces in a con tact_spring element The index specifies the spring element number The tangential force force_T2 only is present in 3D 7 377 element_dof index dof_0 dof_1 Unknowns as saved per element in the element nodes First dof s in the first node Then dof s in the second node Etc 190 This is don
190. ependent problems Outside the specified time range a factor 0 is used 204 If this record is not specified the gravity is applied at all times with a factor 1 7 461 force_volume index force_0 force_1 Distributed volume forces for each direction Here force_0 is the distributed force in the x direction etc Consider the example with distributed volume force in x direction for a 2D material force_volume 0 1 0 The force_volume record can be used in dependency_diagram records just like element group data See also force_volume_factor force_volume_geometry and force_volume_time 7 462 force volume element index element_0 element_1 Specifies the elements for which the force_volume record with the same index should be applied 7 463 force volume element group 0 element _group_1 index element_group Specifies the element group for which the force_volume record with the same index should be applied 7 464 force_volume_factor index ay a1 dy This polynomial gives a factor which is used as a multiplication factor for force_volume records with the same index In this way you can obtain coordinate dependent forces In 1D the polynomial is aj a12 a22 In 2D the polynomial is ay 411 azy a3x a41Yy asy asx a712 y agty agy We explain the logic in 3D with examples By example if n 2 the polynomial is ag a ag specify 3 values By example if n 5 the polynomial is ao ax ag a3
191. er c is the strain threshold for damage other material parameters are PB ag bt Qe be Typically for concrete l e 4 lt lt 3e 4 B 1 1 lt a lt 15 500 lt b lt 2000 0 7 lt ac lt 1 2 ef lt be lt 5et You can combine damage freely with plasticity models or other material behavior 3 2 6 Average stress hydrostatic compressibility An extra average stress contribution on each of c11 022 and 033 is 1 Ov co Ox 68 where co is the group_materi_elasti_compressibility which should not be 0 This pressure term can e g be used to model nearly incompressible fluids The compressibility contribution should be combined with a contribution for the deviatoric stresses e g group_materi_viscosity 3 2 7 Undrained groundflow analysis In case you want to perform an undrained groundflow analysis but do not want to have both the material velocity and groundflow equations at the same time in system matrix you can use group_materi_undrained_capacity Then the following equation will be used to determine the total groundwater pressure changes in an element Ov Ox C Ptotal which actually is the groundflow storage equation without permeability The above equation can be solved on an element by element level so that the groundflow hydraulic head and the storage equation do not need to be added to the complete system matrix The capacity C should be specified in group_materi_undrained_capacity Results for t
192. er of segments gives more accu racy but is time consuming A low number of segments is less accurate but fast Default if safety _slip_multi_linear_segment_n is not specified then 10 segments will be used 7 907 safety_slip_set index index_0 index_1 index_1 This records defines the indices of safety geometries belong to a set For all safety geometries of a set the minimal safety factor will be determined As a special option you can also define a range 7 908 safety_slip_set_result index index safety_factor This record will be filled after the calculation with the minimal safety factor of the geometries in the set 7 909 slide geometry index geometry_entity geometry_entity_index This record generates slide friction forces when a material slides over the geometry specified by geometry_entity geometry_entity_index This option comes handy when it is a priori known at which nodes sliding will occur which is typically the case in an Eulerian calculation Also slide_plasti_friction should be specified See also node_slide 7 910 slide_plasti_friction index phi c This record specifies friction for the slide_geometry option The maximum friction force between the material and the side surface equals c F tan phi where c is the cohesion phi is the friction angle in radians and F is the normal force 294 7 911 slide plasti tension index sig_t This record specifies maximum tensile force for the slide_geometry option
193. erence point that allows you to influence the tangential directions in a 3D interface element The tangential directions will be setup as follows e The normal direction to the interface plane is determined e A vector is taken from the integration point in the interface element to the reference point The part of this vector perpendicular to the normal direction defines the first tangential direction The outer product of the normal direction and the first tangential direction gives the second tangential direction The above procedure ensures that the tangential directions are perpendicular to the normal direc tion and that the first tangential directions points as much as possible to the reference point As a typical example you can use this option to take care that the first tangential direction points to the middle of a tunnel so the first tangential interface direction equals in fact the tunnel radial direction to do so specify the middle point on the tunnel axis as reference point point_x point_y point_z If this group_interface_tangential_reference_point is not specified it is only certain that the tangential directions are in plane of the interface perpendicular to the normal direction but are not defined otherwise See also element_interface_intpnt_direction 7 592 group_materi_damage_mazars index epsilonga by Qe be P Parameters for the Mazars damage law The indez specifies the element_group see element_group 7 593
194. ermeability y permeability and z permeability respectively For nodes the presence in geometries is plotted as node_geometry_ For elements the presence in geometries is plotted as element_geometry_ You can plot this file with the program gmsh see http www geuz org gmsh See also input_gmsh 163 7 282 control_print_gmsh_deformed_mesh index switch If switch is set to yes the deformed mesh in printed in the gmsh file If switch is set to no the initial mesh in printed in the gmsh file Default switch is set to no 7 283 control_print_gmsh_dummy index switch See control_print_gmsh Default if this record is not set and print_gmsh_dummy is not specified switch is set yes 7 284 control_print_gmsh_element_data index switch If you set switch to yes data for elements like element strains stresses etc is written averaged over the element this corresponds to ElementData in the gmsh format If you set switch to no this data is written for all element nodes this corresponds to Element N odeData in the gmsh format Default if this record is not set switch is set yes 7 285 control_print_history index data_item_name_0 data_item_inder_0 num ber_0 Print the time history for each of the sets data_item_name_0 data_item_index_0 number_0 For example if node_dof is used number_0 is one of the names of dof label eg velx For example if node_dof_calcul is used number_0 is one of the names
195. ero at the start of the calculation These node_dof records contain principal dof s for all elements displacements temperatures etc Other dof s like strains stresses etc are only filled for the normal isoparametric elements thus by example strain and stress results for interfaces elements are not placed in the node_dof records See also dof_label and post_point 7 778 node dot calcul index See post_calcul 264 7 779 node_dof_start_refined index dof_0 dof_1 This record will be filled with dof 0 dof_1 which are the degrees of freedom dof s as specified at the start of the calculation at the node with number indez If the mesh has been refined these start values hold for the refined mesh See also node_dof and node_start_refined 7 780 node force index force_x force_y force_z With this record you can input a discrete nodal force at node index In 1D you only should specify the force in x direction In 2D you only should specify the force in x and y direction 7 781 node_geometry_present index geometry_item_name_0 geometry_item_indezx_0 geometry_item_name_1 geometry_item_index_1 This record lists for node index the geometries in which it is present So it is a print record only for checking if the geometries include exactly the nodes that you want You can switch on or off filling of these records by setting print_node_geometry_present to yes or no 7 782 node_inertia index inertia_dof_0 ine
196. es the element_group see element_group 220 7 540 group_beam_direction_z index dir_z x dir_z y dir_z z This record specifies the local beam z direction in global space If group_beam_direction_z is not specified in 2D then 0 0 1 will be used If group_beam_direction_z is not specified in 3D then a arbitrary direction perpendicular to the beam length axes will be used The local beam axes will be placed in the element_beam_direction record after the calculation The index specifies the element_group see element_group See also group_beam_direction_z_reference_point for automatic beam z axis towards a refer ence point 7 541 group beam direction z reference point index point_x point_y point_z This data record defines a reference point that allows you to influence the local beam z direction The local beam z direction will be setup as follows e The length direction of the beam is determined that is the local beam x axis e A vector is taken from the beam middle point to the reference point e The part of this vector perpendicular to the length direction defines the local beam z axis The above procedure ensures that the beam z axis is perpendicular to the length direction and that the z axis points as much as possible to the reference point As a typical example you can use this option to take care that the local beam z axis points to the middle of a tunnel which is convenient if a tunnel lining with the local z axis towards the t
197. essing by means of the post_calcul option To account for the gravitational stresses use a density psat in the group_materi_density record Here psa is the saturated density of the groundwater soil mixture mass of soil water per unit volume of the soil water mixture Also specify the gravitation in the force_gravity record and if required also the force_gravity_time record to apply the gravitation slowly 9 3 Heat transport in ground water flow Heat transport in a ground water flow can be analyzed by combining the convection and diffusion of heat equation with the ground water flow equation Now the velocity in the convection and diffusion of heat equation is taken from the groundflow velocity field 6 v if groundflow_velocity is initialized An example of a input file is given below groundflow_pressure groundflow_velocity condif temperature end _initia type 0 groundflow condif group_groundflow_compressibility 0 group_condif_conductivity 0 If both materi_velocity and groundflow_velocity are initialized 6 v u 8 9 4 Heat transport in materials Heat transport in a material can be analyzed by combining the convection and diffusion of heat equation with the materi equations In this way thermal stresses or heat induced convection can be analyzed Now the velocity in the convection and diffusion of heat equation is taken from the velocity field 8 v An example of a input file is given below materi_vel
198. et their values after a timestep is performed since the element loop is performed in time steps 10 18 External superlu solver Tochnog professional may use SUPERLU as solver For SUPERLU the following holds copied from SUPERLU documentation Copyright c 2003 The Regents of the University of California through Lawrence Berkeley Na tional Laboratory subject to receipt of any required approvals from U S Dept of Energy All rights reserved 312 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that the following conditions are met 1 Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer 2 Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copy right notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution 3 Neither the name of Lawrence Berkeley Na tional Laboratory U S Dept of Energy nor the names of its contributors may be used to en dorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIM ITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CO
199. et to yes Tochnog will increase the minimum number of iterations in a timestep if it thinks that is helpful for the specific input file that you are running this is done in combination with control_timestep_iterations_automatic or control_timestep_reduce_automatic If switch is set to no Tochnog will not do so and keep 2 as the minimum number of iterations Default if control_timestep_adjust_minimum iterations is not specified switch is set to yes 7 336 control timestep iterations index number_of iterations This sets a fixed number of equilibrium iterations in each time step for time steps of the con trol_timestep record with the same index For many iterations the time stepping is Euler implicit For few iterations the time stepping becomes explicit Default number_of_iterations is 2 In dynamic analysis with the default number of 2 iterations you gain numerical stability at the expense of numerical damping however To prevent this numerical damping use 1 iteration instead As an alternative you can use control _timestep_iterations_automatic or control _timestep_reduce_auto1 176 7 337 control_timestep_iterations_automatic index ratio_criterium minimal_timestep maximum_timestep After specification of this record iterations will be performed until ratio in post_node_rhside_ratio is less than ratio_criterium Typically set ratio_criterium to 0 01 or 0 001 The time step size is increased if the number of iterations is substantia
200. et to 1 e 2 7 616 group_materi_elasti_young_user index switch If switch is set to yes the user supplied routine user_young will be called There the youngs modulus should be calculated from the solution fields and the stress history Typically degradation of material stiffness for cyclic loading can be programmed with this user specified routine You can plot in gid the values for the young as follows print_group_data group_materi_elasti_young 7 617 group_materi_expansion_linear index a Linear expansion coefficient The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 618 group_materi_expansion_volume index p Volume expansion coefficient The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 619 group_materi_factor index factor This factor comes convenient if your material stress law is specified in other units then you actually want in your calculation Then you can specify factor to take care that your material stresses 235 become consistent with the remaining part of the input file By example if you want your input file to work with kPa but your material stress law works with MPa then simply set factor to 1000 7 620 group_materi_failure_crunching index threshold delete_time If the compression strain in an element exceeds threshold the element is considered to be fail The element will be slowly deleted It is totally deleted if the delete_time has passed The index specifies the element_group see eleme
201. evel z value for xi y_j with zij Then give the following e x0 y_0 z_00 x 1 y_0 z 10 etc e x0 y 1 z_01 x_1 y 1 z 11 etc e etc In 3d the number of points in x and y direction respectively should be set with nz and ny of the groundflow_phreatic_level_n record In nodes above the phreatic level the total pressure will be set to zero during the calculation As aspecial option in 2D and 3D you can specify one value only which sets a constant phreatic level of that value everywhere In this special case you do not need to specify groundflow_phreatic_level_n If you want to apply pore pressures directly following from the height under a phreatic level but not influenced be groundwater flow then include a phreatic level and a boundary conditions for hydraulic head changes groundflow_phreatic_level bounda_dof 20 tpres This has the advantage that the groundflow pressures don t enter the system of equations so that for combined soil groundwater analysis a more effective solution can be obtained for the system of equations 7 522 groundflow_phreatic_level_n nx ny See groundflow_phreatic_level 7 523 groundflow_phreatic_level_ static switch Tf switchis set to yes total pressures pore pressures in nodes for which the groundflow_phreatic_level holds will be set equal to the static pressure This is convenient if the phreatic line is located above the mesh part to which it belongs then nodes of the mesh will not
202. ex memory type Memory model for truss either updated linear updated or total linear The updated model is a geometrically nonlinear model which takes large truss rotations into account The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 722 group truss_perimeter index p Perimeter for a truss by example 2 II radius for a circular truss This is only required for truss bond slip calculations 252 7 723 group_truss_rope index switch The truss will act as a rope if switch is set to yes This means that negative forces will not be allowed the force remains zero in compression The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 724 group_truss_plasti index sigma sigma Compressive and tension yield stress for truss The actual stress cannot become lower than the sigma in compression and the actual stress cannot become higher than the sigma in tension The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 725 group_type index type_name_0 type_name_1 With this record a differential equation is specified for the element group index Allowed type names are condif groundflow materi wave spring contact_spring truss beam truss_beam and hinge Also empty is allowed it indicates that the element is empty For the truss_beam type you need to set parameters with group_truss_ and group_beam_ records For the truss type you need to set parameters with group_truss_ records For the
203. exact_minimal_length will not be generated default the minimal length tolerance is set to some small value With con trol_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_exact_minimal_length_connect you can determine if the generated trusses jumping a space below the minimal length will be connected or will be not connected loose set the switch to yes if you want the truss to be connected in such case Please realise that the connection is ensured only for the trusses generated from 1 old truss connection is not ensured for trusses generated from different old truss elements This control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc option is done for truss groups as specified in control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_element_group_truss or in control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_geometry_truss Only one of control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_element_group_truss and control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_geometry_truss can be specified If none of control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_element_group_truss and control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_geometry_truss is specified the distribution will be done for all trusses Default Tochnog will look for all isoparametric elements how to distribute the trusses To save computer time you can restrict the geometry or element group of the isoparametric elements where Tochnog will look with control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_element_group_isoparametric end control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_geometry isoparametric Please notice that if you are using geometries
204. first time derivative wave_fscalar s as TOCHNOG only solves first order in time equations the first time derivative of s also becomes primary dof in order to turn this second order in time equation into a set of first order in time equations Further notation x space coordinate t time and c speed of sound 80 3 7 Probabilistic distributions The section summarises mathematical formulation of the so called random finite element method as described e g in 6 Distribution of a random variable e g C is controlled by these basic parameters parameters of the statistical distribution typically mean value zc and standard deviation oc and so called correlation length 0c that controls spatial variability of variable C Two probabilistic distributions are available in Tochnog normal distribution and log normal dis tribution Probability function P C of normal distribution is defined as Gs 202 exp 1 gov 20 where uc is a mean value and oc is standard deviation Probability function P C of log normal distribution is defined as 1 gt X Comov2rT 9 Quantities Lin C and Cmc may be calculated from uc and oc using P C ee peel 19 2 20 C Onc In 2 O 1 1 22 Hmc lne 500 20 HC 2 3 7 1 Generation of random field A number of different techniques to generate random fields is available see e g B In this following the most simple method based on Cholesky decomposition of
205. for each of index_0 indez_1 etc The index specifies the element_group of the granular material see element_group 7 642 group_materi_plasti_camclay index M k A Plastic data M k and A for the modified CamClay model The index specifies the element_group see element _group 7 643 group_materi_plasti_cap1 index c M k Kel prelim Plastic data for the cap1 plasticity model The index specifies the element_group see element_group 240 7 644 group_materi_plasti_cap2 index c a R epsilon p Plastic data for the cap2 plasticity model The epsilon p represents a table with epsilon versus pp values at least two sets of values need to be specified The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 645 group materi plasti compression index sigy Yield data for compression plasticity The index specifies the element_group see element_group Condition materi_strain_plasti should be initialized 7 646 group_materi_plasti_compression_direct index sigy Compression limit Principal stresses lower than sigy are not allowed and will be cut of by Tochnog This model uses directly a cut off of stresses and does not use plastic strains The index specifies the element_group see element_group You can apply softening with a dependency_diagram on materi_strain_total_compression_kappa 7 647 group_materi_plasti_diprisco index y By bp Cp tp 0 0 Es Es Br Yield data for di Prisco plasticity The index specifie
206. for the last ellipsoide See also control_safety_slip 7 895 safety slip ellipsoide method index method The normal on the ellipsoide surface is uniquely defined so that the normal stresses are uniquely defined The slip direction in the surface is not uniquely defined however Below several possibilities are listed 291 If method is set to safety_slip_ellipsoide then the ellipsoide local x direction will be used as slip direction to be more precise the projections on the ellipsoide surface will be used everywhere If method is set to materi_displacement or materi_velocity_integrated then the last cal culated displacements will be used as slip direction to be more precise the projections on the ellipsoide surface will be used everywhere If method is set to materi_velocity then the last calculated velocities will be used as slip direction to be more precise the projections on the ellipsoide surface will be used everywhere Default if safety slip_ellipsoide_method is not specified method is set to safety _slip_ellipsoide 7 896 safety_slip_ellipsoide_n index n See safety_slip_ellipsoide 7 897 safety_slip_ellipsoide_result index middle_x middle_y middle_z basel_x basel_y basel_z base2_x base2_y base2_z a b c safety_factor This record will after the calculation be filled with the ellipsoide for the critical surface and the safety factor 7 898 safety_slip_ellipsoide_segment_n index n With this record you can
207. g determines the boundary of the mesh and sets node_boundary records If switch is set to no Tochnog does not determine the boundary of the mesh Default if mesh_boundary is not present the switch is set to yes 259 7 756 mesh correct switch If switch is set to yes Tochnog checks that the connectivity list for quadrilateral and hexahedral interfaces and hinges is correct If the connectivity list would not be correct that is according to the required sequence in Tochnog for such elements the connectivity list will be corrected Default switch is set to no 7 757 mesh_correct_reference_point z y z When applying mesh_correct to 3D hinges the node connectivity needs to be made such by Tochnog that the hinge length direction points as much as possible in a specific direction by example the tunnel radial direction In order to do so you need to specify this reference point think of it as the tunnel middle Tochnog will then make the element connectivity such that the length direction points as much as possible to that reference point 7 758 mesh_interface_triangle_coordinates index coord_x_0 coord_y_0 coord_z_0 coord_x_1 coord_y_1 coord_z_1 coord_x_2 coord_y_2 coord_z_2 With this option you can generate interface elements in a 3d mesh with tet4 elements You specify the triangulated plane of the interface as sets of triangles in 3d space For each triangle you specify for the three corner points the coordinates By example co
208. ge is only available for nodal data items like node or node_dof If data_item_name is a nodal item then indez_range can also be a geometrical entity for example geometry_line 1 or so and the item will be put for nodes located on the geometrical entity If data_item_name is a 127 element item then index_range can also be a geometrical entity for example geometry_line 1 or so and the item will be put for elements with all nodes located on the geometrical entity With number_0 number_1 etc you can set which value should be put For example only using 3 for number_0 then you only want to set the fourth value for the data item remember that numbering starts at 0 To specify the numbers for dof s you can also specify names like velx sigxx etc In case you specify all then all values should be given in control_data_put_double or control_data_put_integer The values to be put should be specified in a control_data_put_double record for real data or in a control_data_put_integer record otherwise You should specify a value for each and every specified number If the data item already exists it is overwritten else a new record will be generated See also control_data_delete 7 120 control_data_put_double indez See control_data_put 7 121 control_data_put_integer index See control_data_put 7 122 control data save index switch If switch is set to yes save the status of strains stresses displacements etc At a la
209. ge_water_element_node index element node_0 node_1 Selects the element and local nodes for which the force_edge_water record with the same index should be applied 7 453 force edge water element side index element_0 element_1 side Selects the elements and local side number for which the force_edge_water record with the same index should be applied 7 454 force_edge_water_factor index ao a dn This data item defines a polynomial in space This polynomial gives a factor which is used as a multiplication factor for force_edge_water records with the same index In this way you can obtain coordinate dependent forces In 1D the polynomial is aj ax daf L In 2D the polynomial is ay 411 azy a3x a41Yy asy asx arz y agty agy 203 We explain the logic in 3D with examples By example if n 2 the polynomial is ag aj ag specify 3 values By example if n 5 the polynomial is ag a 1 ag azy a4 asz specify 6 values By example if n 8 the polynomial is ay 411 azz az aay asy as 072 agz specify 9 values 7 455 force_edge_water_geometry index geometry_item_name geometry_item_index Selects the area for which the force_edge_water record with the same index should be applied For example geometry_line 1 can be used in 2D indicating that the nodes on line 1 get the distributed water pressure force 7 456 force_edge_water_node index node_0 node_1 Select
210. group 7 653 group_materi_plasti_gurson index sigy q1 q2 q3 Yield data also used as flow data for Gurson plasticity The index specifies the element_group see element _group 7 654 group_materi_plasti_hardsoil index c y Ry Plasticity data for Hardening Soil model The indez specifies the element_group see element_group This model requires sufficient small timesteps in case of trouble try smaller timesteps 7 655 group_materi_plasti_heat_generation factor This factor specifies how much of the plastic energy loss is transformed into heat this only makes sense if condif_temperature is initialized The factor should be between 0 and 1 The index specifies the element_group see element_group 242 7 656 group_materi_plasti_hypo_cohesion index c Cohesion parameter in hypoplastic law see the theory section The index specifies the ele ment_group see element_group 7 657 group_materi_plasti_hypo strain intergranular index R Mmr Mr Be X Y Intergranular strain parameters in hypoplastic law see the theory section The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 658 group materi plasti hypo_masin indez pe K Nr Masin hypoplasticity parameters see the theory section The angle p should be specified in degrees The A should be bigger than the c 7 659 group materi plasti hypo_masin ocr index OCR OCR in masin hypoplastic law the initial void ratio will be calculated from this You need to set contro
211. group index element_group o ooa e 190 a E a Mp swe E AAE A E E E Oe 190 7 386element_hinge moment index moment oaaao a 191 ENE Svea So a as amp Bye An a 191 Ms Bnei ies a ao a a2 191 ntial_x_0 20 7 392element_interface_intpnt_strain index strain normal 0 Strain shear first O strain shear second 0 strain normal 1 strain shear first 1 strain shear second 1 stress shear second Q ooo 7 396element_intpnt_dof index dof_0 dof_1 o o o o o ooo ee 192 7 397element_intpnt_h index aaa 192 7 398element_intpnt_iso_coord indez o oo o 192 ntion_point_ Looe Ga Gb e GET Ee a A 193 a ite dee auth ae gto aah eek T S 193 A 193 7 404element_intpnt_plasti_laminate0_tension_status index status 193 7 405element_materi_plasti_laminateO_apply index switch 193 7 406element_materi_plasti_laminateO_direction index dir_x dir_y dir_ 193 ee eee 194 Ha eo bee ek amp eee oh od ee 194 Bg eM oe we eye ec et ee ee a 194 Goh aed ANA oe aa ee ce 194 7 41lelement_truss_direction index dir_x dir_y dir_ 194 LR eH ei RT ob be ae op eg ea Rea Ree ke 9 194 Sethe hee bbe a ed iae 6 644 194 TE went oe Se 195 7 Al5element_volume index volume oaoa aaa a 195 gt A a ls elaine do Seis ke da a 195 a o 2 195 Toreo edge element group inder demeni group daa 195 ere ee 195 21 7 420force_edge_element_side index element_0 element_1 side 195 7 421force_edge factor indez
212. h_generate_truss index element_group geometry_entity_item geome RT oe se e eS eg oe RO Re kw RC Gd ee es 140 ometry_entity ded sas ie ee i Gos ee a WS Re ea 7 183control_mesh_generate_truss_beam_loose index switch 140 oe 140 7 185control_mesh_generate_truss_beam_separate index switch 141 7 186control_mesh_interface_triangle index switch o o oo 141 a dad 141 7 188control_mesh_keep_element_group index element_group_0 element_group_1 141 13 7 189control_mesh_keep_geometry index geometry_item_name deoe 16T 1n de 141 ra a Roa 141 A Ds ce Oe GA A a EN a pa T oe yey ee ee 141 bP wR A a 142 E Rr E RR RT e 142 pitta hte Bee deel be ee 143 7 195control_mesh_map index suite 143 7 196control_mesh_merge index switch 2 2 143 adit Varah Gnd Bau deo ae A 143 Severe ree ee 144 geometry entity ade o uaaa a 7 204control_mesh_refine locally index percentage oo o o 145 7 205control_mesh_refine_locally_dof indez dof o o 145 7 206control_mesh_refine_locally_geometry index geometry_entity_item Geometry ENEMY INCU e a uk A AR RO E RO AR E Bot TA 146 7 207control_mesh_refine locally_minimal size index minimal_size A 146 7 212control_mesh_remove index element_group_0 element_group 1 146 146 rere 147 7 215control_mesh_remove_frequency_timestep index temestep 147 7 216control_mesh_renumber indez lowest_element lowest_n
213. he control_timestep_iterations_automatic might leap over such times of interest After the iterations in a step are finished Tochnog performs one extra iterations to update strains stresses etc with the last velocity fields In this extra iteration also the post_node_rhside_ratio will be recalculated and thus may become different from the previous value that was used to determine if the iterations should be stopped A typical example control timestep_reduce_automatic 0 4 4 8 7 343 control_timestep_reduce_automatic_ratio_criterium indez ratio_criterium See control_timestep_reduce_automatic Default if control_timestep_reduce_automatic_ratio_criteri is not specified ratio_criterium is set to 0 001 7 344 control_timestep_reduce_automatic_stop index switch See control_timestep_reduce_automatic If you set switch in control timestep_reduce_automatic_stop to yes then the calculation does stop if the error ratio is exceeded on the maximum amount of subdivisions levels If you 178 set switch in control_timestep_reduce_automatic_stop to no then the calculation does not stop if the error ratio is exceeded on the maximum amount of subdivisions levels and the present timestepping will be finished If you set switch in control_timestep_reduce_automatic_stop to continue then the calculation does not stop if the error ratio is exceeded on the maximum amount of subdivisions levels and the present timestepping will not be finished Defaul
214. he group_materi_plasti_laminate0_direction record for the element group 195 7 407 element_middle index middle_x middle_y middle_z After the calculation this record will be filled with the middle coordinates of an element The index specifies the element number 7 408 element_print_group_data_values index Values as required by print_group_data The first value as required by print_group_data is placed in the first value of element_print_group_data_values The second value as required by print_group_data is placed in the second value of element_print_group_data_values Etc Please realise that some group data requires more than one value so that more than one value is filled in the element_print_group_data_values record 7 409 element_spring_force index force After the calculation this record will be filled with the force in a spring element The index specifies the spring element number 7 410 element spring strain index strain After the calculation this record will be filled with the strain in a spring element In fact the strain in a spring element is the elongation of the spring The index specifies the spring element number In case you perform a geotechnical analysis and want to set all strains in the model to 0 after gravity has been imposed then do a control_data_delete on all element_spring strain records In such way the element_spring_strain records will contain in the remaining part of the calculation strains relat
215. he indicator is no the executable is not a beta version 7 958 truss_rope_apply switch If switch is set to no any truss rope data in the input file will be ignored This is done for all timesteps This option is convenient for testing your input file just linear without the need to outcomment each and every part with truss rope data See also control_truss_rope_apply 7 959 volume factor ao 41 An This data item defines a polynomial in space in 1D or 2D The polynomial specifies the cross sectional area in 1D or the thickness 2D as function of the global x coordinate 1D or the global x y coordinates 2D For example in a 1D solid calculation it can be used to specify varying cross sectional areas of bars or in a 1D flow calculation it can be used to specify the cross sectional area of a channel In 1D the polynomial is ag a x a2x In 2D the polynomial is ao 411 agy aga azy asy aga a7x7y agry agy Tf this record is not specified the cross sectional area is 1 1D or the thickness is 1 2D See also volume_element_factor 7 960 volume factor _x zo faco 11 facia Tn This specifies an in x direction changing volume factor for elements Left from xy the factor is 1 From zo to x the factor is faco Etcetera And right from n the factor is 1 again 7 961 end data last record of data part 303 8 Runtime file You can use a runtime file to give to Tochnog data on th
216. he last multi linear line The 2z_last 0 y_last 0 specifies the first point of the first line piece of the last multi linear line the z_first 1 y_first 1 specifies the second point of the first line piece of the last multi linear line which is also the first point of the second line piece of the last multi linear line etc This last multi linear line should have an equal number of points as the first multi linear line With safety_slip_multi_linear_n you specify the number of multi linear lines that should be evaluated in the safety calculation all multi linear lines to be evaluated will be put equidistant between the first multi linear line and the second multi linear line As a special option you can only specify data for the first multi linear line and specify not data for the last multi linear line and not safety_slip_multi_linear_n then only one multi linear line will be used See also control_safety_slip 293 7 904 safety_slip_multi_linear_n index n See safety_slip_multi_linear 7 905 safety_slip_multi_linear_result index x 0 y_0 1 1 y_1 safety_factor This record will after the calculation be filled with the multi linear line for the critical surface for the multi linear lines circles with the same index 7 906 safety _slip_multi_linear_segment_n index n With this record you can specify how many segments in a line piece of a multi linear line will be used in the integration of the safety factor A high numb
217. he pressure in a element will be written to element_intpnt_materi_undrained pressure Application of this undrained analysis can be switched off and on with control_materi_undrained_apply This option is convenient to prevent the need for large and ill conditioned system matrices in coupled soil groundwater analysis Typically the computational strategy may be like this include capacity for undrained analysis in relevant groups group_materi_undrained_capacity set the hydraulic heads and fix them for the remainder of the calculation control_reset_dof pres bounda_dof tpres solve material displacements in the remainder of the calculation control _timesteps control_materi_undrained_apply yes The advantage of the above computational strategy is that never a system matrix with both material velocities and groundflow pressures needs to be solved When solving the remainder of the calculation Tochnog uses the fixed total pressure from the hydraulic heads plus the excessive undrained pressure of the remainder of the calculation as the full total pressure when determining total stresses from effective stresses plus full total pressure Alternatively to setting the hydraulic head at the start with the control_reset_dof you can also solve the gravity state for hydraulic heads and material displacements at the expense of a system matrix with both material velocities and groundflow hydraulic pressures in this gravity calcul
218. hen this option allows you to impose a pressure boundary condition for the nodes in the FE mesh at the top boundary of the mesh automatically using a specified phreatic level record 7 45 change_dataitem index data_item_name data_item_index data_item_number_0 data_item_number_1 operat With this record you can specify a data item which should be changed over time The time table should be given in the change_dataitem_time table as time value sets at least two sets should be specified The operat determines how the time value sets are used If operat is set to use then the value of the time value sets is directly used If operat is set to add then the value of the time value sets is interpreted as a rate of change so that the value is multiplied with the time step and then added to the old value Notice that you can change multiple numbers at once As a typical example you can use this to prescribe the displacement of a contact geometry over time Below the y coordinates of a geometry line which is used in the contact algorithm is changed over time contact_target_geometry 0 geometry_line 1 114 geometry_line 1 0 10 2 10 change_dataitem 0 geometry_line 1 1 use change_dataitem_time 0 0 10 100 0 change_dataitem 1 geometry_line 1 3 use change _dataitem_ time 1 0 10 100 0 7 46 change dataitem geometry index geometry_entity_ name geometry_entity_index For element group data group you can restrict the applicat
219. hen the material divergence part in the groundflow equation is skipped Attention If you want consolidation in geotechnics then set the switch to yes If you do not want consolidation in geotechnics then set the switch to no This is done for timestep records with the same index Default if control_groundflow_consolidation_apply is not specified then groundflow_consolidation_app will be used 130 7 131 control_groundflow_nonsaturated_apply index switch If switch is set to no then nonsaturated groundflow data eg van Genuchten will not be applied only saturated data will be used Default if control_groundflow_nonsaturated_apply is not specified then groundflow_nonsaturated_apr will be used 7 132 control_inertia_apply index switch_0 switch_1 If switch_0 is set to yes the corresponding inertia term is included material mass heat capacity The same for the other switches A switch should be specified for each of the principal dof s See the input file data part introduction types of dof s section for an explanation about principal dof s The sequence of the principal dof s is in the order as initialised in the initia end_initia part As a special option you can specify only one switch and then the specified value will automatically be used for all principal dof s This control_inertia_apply record is applied for timestep records with the same index Default if control_inertia_apply is not
220. her Since we use a penalty formulation the normal force is given by Fn Aun where u is the penetration and A is called the contact_penalty_velocity because its generates forces on the velocity dof s You can also impose groundflow_pressure and condif_temperature contact conditions by specifying the penalty factors contact_penalty_pressure and contact_penalty_tempe 3 4 2 Friction and frictional heat generation This normal force leads to a friction force F which equals Fy aul where v is the friction coefficient see contact_plasti_friction The friction force causes heat generation rate Q Qn F ve where vy is the slip velocity and the factor y is a user specified factor which determines which part of the frictional energy loss is transformed into heat 7 is between 0 and 1 see contact_heat_generation 75 3 5 Ground water flow 3 5 1 Storage equation for fully saturated analysis The hydraulic pressure head h follows from the storage equation Oh Oh i k i p 0h Ov i 2 Deo h k L L E 302 t Du 1pm aT f Primary dof is the hydraulic pressure head groundflow_pressure Further notation c group_groundflow_ca k group_groundflow_permeability in i direction intrinsic permeability x space coordinate vi material velocity if present a group_groundflow_expansion is the expansion coefficient of the groundwater for temperature changes The equation is given for space coordinates following material veloc
221. herwise you can set the sort method to x y or z y is only allowed for 2D or 3D and z is only allowed for 3D The results will be sorted starting from small values of the angle x y or z up to high values 166 7 297 control_print_node_zero index switch With control_print_node_zero you can can suppress or activate printing of results with value zero If you set switch to yes then zero valued results will also be printed If you set switch to no then zero valued results will not be printed Default switch is yes See also control_print_node 7 298 control print _tecplot index switch If switch is set to yes a tecplot plot file is printed and each time results are added to the same file You can also set switch to separate_index then a new file using the index number will be printed And also you can set switch to seperate_sequential then sequential tecplot files will be printed These files contain e the primary doffields from node_dof e post calculated results from node_dof_calcul Tecplot uses zones to collect data Zones with nodal results are given names nodal Zones with element averaged results are given names element_averaged Tecplot uses a strandid integer to select which data is visualised Tochnog generates in the tecplot file this strandid as follows e for nodal results the strandid is the group number and extra 1 is placed at the end e for element averaged results the strandid is the group numbe
222. however 247 7 687 group_materi_plasti_visco_exponential_values index yo ao Y Q1 See group_materi_plasti_visco_exponential_name 7 688 group_materi_plasti_visco_power index 1 p This record specifies visco plasticity data for the power model It should be used in combination with a plasticity model The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 689 group_materi_plasti_visco_power_name index name_0 name_1 This group_materi_plasti_visco_power_name together with group_materi_plasti_visco_power_value allows you to specify different viscoelastic parameters for each of the plasticity models Set each of the names name_0 name_1 etc to the plasticity models that you use eg group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul etc Set the visco parameters for name_0 in no and po set the visco parameters for name_1 in 7 and pj etc In case a plasticity model is used but is not present in the names name_0 name_1 etc then that model will be evaluated elasto plastic and thus not elasto viscoplastic The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 690 group_materi_plasti_visco_power_value index No Po M p See group_materi_plasti_visco_power_name 7 691 group_materi_plasti_vonmises index sigmayo Yield data for Von Mises plasticity The index specifies the element_group see element_group Condition materi_strain_plasti should be initialized 7 692 group_materi_plasti_vonmises_nadai index C ko n
223. i_elasti_camcla option so only one of both can be defined With this option the poisson ratio v is assumed con stant and is used as follows G KO 20 1 The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 601 group materi elasti compressibility index co Compressibility for materials A positive value should be used The index specifies the ele ment_group see element_group f re 7 602 group_materi_elasti_hardsoil index RST sigmarg Vso m ETS sigma Vur Elasticity data for Hardening Soil model The indez specifies the element_group see element_group 7 603 group materi elasti k0 index KU Elastic data K0 When this data is specified and also control_materi_elasti_kO is set to yes then the KU parameter will be used in the elastic stress law with group_materi_elasti_young or group_materi_elasti_young_power and group_materi_elasti_poisson or with group_materi_elasti_har In fact it will be used to determine the poisson coefficient consistent with the K0 this poisson co efficient is used in the elastic stress law This group_materi_elasti_kO in combination with control_materi_elasti_kO is a convenient method to get KU stresses when imposing gravity in a geotechnics calculation After grav ity is imposed simply do not set the control_materi_elasti_kO anymore so that the normal group_materi_elasti_poisson will be used in the remaining steps For K0 0 95 Tochnog will take 0 95 KO exceeding 1 o
224. i_stiffness index e o oo e 223 7 569group_hinge plasti moment index NofoNi fi 224 edna BAe Pa AY eee ee eS 224 E tea Ee he Serato A ee ee amp a 224 7 572group_interface index switch 2 a 225 7 0 3group_interface_condif_conductivity index H 225 7 0 4group_interface_gap index gap o 225 Sek gore Gok BD aa Ee GS 225 aaa 225 7 9 group_interface_materi_elasti_stiffness index kn kt first kt second 7 578group_interface_materi_elasti_stiffness_normal diagram indez strain normal 0 strain normal1 kn Okn 1 RRR ee 7 579group_interface_materi_elasti_stiffness_tangential_ diagram index strain shear 0 strain shear 1 kt first 0 kt first 1 kt second 0 kt second 1 7 580group_interface_materi_expansion_normal index expansion_coefficient_norma 7 58lgroup_interface_materi_hardening index facto oo oo o 227 7 582group_interface_materi_memory index memory_type o o 227 7 583group_interface_materi_plasti mohr_coul direct index phi c phiflow 7 584group_interface_materi_plasti_tension_direct index switch 7 593group_materi_daMpiNg inder dl 220 7 594group_materi damping method index method o 229 7 595group_materi_density index density 27 7 596group_materi_density_groundflow index density_wet density_dry 230 7 597group_materi_elasti_borja_tamagnini index Go a k Dp 230 7 598group_materi_elasti_camclay_g index Gl 230 7 599group_materi_el
225. ic viscosity for nearly incompressible Newtonian flow The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 699 group materi_viscosity_bingham index sigma y m Parameters for the non Newtonian Bingham viscosity law The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 700 group_materi_viscosity_exponential index vo m Parameters for the non Newtonian exponential viscosity law The index specifies the element_group see element _group 249 7 701 group_materi_viscosity_heatgeneration switch If switch is set to yes then viscous dissipation will be used as a heat generation source See also the theoretical part at the start of this manual The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 702 group_materi_viscosity_user index switch If switch is set to yes the user supplied routine for the viscosity for Newtonian flow is used The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 703 group plasti_apply index switch If switch is set to no any plasticity data in the group index will be neglected Default if group plasti_apply is not specified switch is set to yes 7 704 group porosity inder n Porosity in material By example needed for group_groundflow_nonsaturated_vangenuchten The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 705 group spherical index switch If switch is set to yes the calculation becomes spherical for the group index Each specified x coordinate becomes a radi
226. id ratio and the exact volume change of the material using the determinant of the deformation tensor Optionally if switch is set to yes this can be linearly approximated by using the trace of the deformation tensor this can be convenient to compare results with analytical theories which are based on such linear approximation of void ratio changes 7 665 group_materi_plasti_kinematic_hardening index a This record specifies the size of the rate of the kinematic hardening matrix pij The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 666 group_materi_plasti_laminate0_direction index dir_x dir_y dir_z Specifies 3 components of the vector normal to the plane of laminate 0 For other laminates you need to use group_materi_plasti_laminatel_direction etc The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 667 group materi plasti laminate0 mohr coul index phi c phiflow Parameters of laminate O for the Mohr Coulomb plasticity model Here phi c phiflow normal_x normal_y normal_z are the friction angle cohesion and dilatancy angle For other laminates you need to use group_materi_plasti_laminatel_mohr _coul etc The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 668 group materi plasti laminate0 tension index sigma_t Tension cutoff stress for the tension plasticity model for laminate 0 For other laminates you need to use group_materi_plasti laminate tension etc The index specifies the element_group see ele
227. idered to be part of the circle In 3D you need to specify tc y_c zc normal_x normal_y normal_z radius tolerance where normal_x normal_y normal_z specifies the direction normal to the surface In 3D all node within a distance tolerance of the circle surface are considered to be part of the circle 7 475 geometry _circle_part index x_c y_c angle_start angle_end radius tolerance This data item defines a circle in 2D space Other data items can check if nodes are located on this geometry The coordinate of the center is zc y_c All node within a distance tolerance of the radius are considered to be part of the circle The circle part starts at angle angle_start measured in radians from the positive x axis The circle part ends at angle angle_end measured in radians from the positive x axis 7 476 geometry_circle_segment index T C y_c radius side_x side_y tolerance This data item defines a circle segment in space Other data items can check if nodes are located on this geometry The coordinate of the center is zc y_c If side_x is set to a positive value say 1 then only x values larger then z_c are considered to be part of the geometry If side_x is set to a negative value say 1 then only x values smaller then z_c are considered to be part of the 207 geometry If stde_x is set to 0 then all x values are considered to be part of the geometry Likewise remarks hold for y values All node within a distance tolerance of the radius are conside
228. if control_print_database_method is not specified the method is set to all 7 247 control_print_data_versus_data index data_item_name_0 index_0 num ber_0 data_item_name_1 index_1 number_1 This option prints columns of data for each time step Print in the first column the number_0 value of data_item_name_0 with index indezx_0 Similar in the second column for data_item_name_1 index_1 number_1 Etc for all values All results will be printed in the file problemname dvd Typically the data item names can be node_dof such that dof s can be printed against each other in time If the data item names are node_dof then number_0 and number_1 etc can be names of dof label eg velx Also typically the data item names can be node_dof calcul such that post calculation results can be printed against each other in time If the data item names are node_dof calcul or post_point_dof_calcul or so then number_0 and number_1 etc can be names of post_calcul_label eg aept Otherwise for example if number_0 is 3 then the fourth value of data_item_name_0 is printed Example control _print_data_versus_data 0 node_dof 2 temp node_dof 2 sigxx node_dof 2 sigxx Another example post_point 0 0 0 1 0 post_calcul materi_stress average materi_stress size_dev control_print_data_versus_data 20 time_current 0 0 post_point_dof_calcul 0 0 post_point_dof_calcul O 1 In the last example the post_point_dof calcul 0 O stands f
229. ifies the group number The conductivity k specifies the heat flow in interface thickness direction per unit temperature difference Thus the conductivity is not the material conductivity but the conductivity of the layer simulated by the interface incorporating the thermal thickness of the interface The conductivity has units power temperature length in 2D and power temperature length length in 3D 7 574 group interface_gap index gap By specifying this record you can account for initial empty space between the sides of an interface element Only when the sides displacements are such that this initial gap is closed then the interface element will start to generate stresses This is accomplished in the program by setting the stiffness of the interface element to zero or a very small value as long as the gap is not closed As a special case setting gap to O means that the gap option is inactive and will not be used 7 575 group interface_groundflow_capacity index C This record specifies the capacity for interface elements 7 576 group interface groundflow permeability index pe This record specifies the permeability per unit length in 2D or unit area in 3D for interface elements 227 7 577 group_interface_materi_elasti_stiffness index kn kt first kt second This record allows you to specify a normal stiffness and tangential shear stiffnesses for discrete interface elements with materi in group_type Normal stresses in
230. ility 0 end_data The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 640 group_materi_plasti_bounda index index_0 indezx_1 With this option you can model reduction of friction of soil material and alike granular materials on walls Set index_0 index_1 etc to the index of the bounda_dof records for which you want to use this reduction We define an element to be on a wall when at least one of the velocities displacements of the elements is prescribed via bounda_dof As a special option you can use all which indicates that the bounda_dof records for all indeces will be used The reduction of friction is done for group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul group_materi_plasti_matsuoka_nak group_materi plasti druck_prag group_materi_plasti_hardsoil if specified by reducing the friction angle phi and dilatancy angle phiflow and cohesion c of the granular material with a factor 2 3 This is done for group_materi_plasti_camclay if specified by reducing M with a factor 2 3 This is done for group_materi_plasti_hypo_ if specified by reducing deviatoric stress incre ments with a factor 2 3 The index specifies the element_group of the granular material see element_group See also group_materi_plasti_bounda_factor 7 641 group_materi_plasti_bounda_factor index factor With this record you can specify a factor other then the default 2 3 used by the group_materi_plasti_bound record You need to specify a factor
231. ill be extruded For these old groups you specify for each layer in z direction what the new element_group numbers of the extruded 3D elements should be For example element_group_new_00 element_group_new_01 etc give for element_group_old_0 what the element_group numbers of the new extruded elements will be for each z layer Attention you need to specify element_group numbers for each and every z layer So even if you actually limit the amount of z layers generated for a specific old group with the option con trol_mesh_extrude_element_group you need to specify new group numbers for ALL layers the new group numbers for non generated new layers are in that case only dummy numbers Default if an old element_group is not included in this control_mesh_extrude_element_group_new record all new extruded elements will also get that same old element_group number See also control_mesh_extrude 7 172 control_mesh extrude_n indez nU ni n2 See control_mesh_extrude 7 173 control_mesh_generate_beam index element_group geometry_entity_item geometry_entity_index The same as control_mesh_generate_truss now for beams however 7 174 control_mesh_generate_contact_spring index element_group geometry_entity_item geometry_entity_index Generate contact_spring2 springs for nodes which have the same position in space This can be used to connect these nodes with spring elements so to model a contact area Only nodes located on the specified ge
232. in a smaller zone will be used leading to again a new critical middle point and radius etc etc This repetition of reducing the zone of middle points and radii with will done such many times as set in the number so 1 2 3 Typically the number 2 could be used Slip surfaces will be drawn in GID plots see control_print_gid for GID plotting For each slip surfaces the safety factor can be plot Moreover also a local safety factor can be plot which is the local ratio of shear stress and maximum possible shear stress Slip surfaces crossing a boundary with prescribed displacements or velocities non valid since the slip velocities are in general not compatible with the prescribed velocities on such boundary 7 322 control_slide_damping_apply index switch If switch is set to yes then any slide_damping records will be applied If switch is set to no then any slide_damping records will be not applied Default if control_slide_damping_apply is not specified then switch is yes 7 323 control slide stiffness apply index switch If switch is set to yes then any slide_stiffness records will be applied If switch is set to no then any slide_stiffness records will be not applied Default if control_slide_stiffness_apply is not specified then switch is yes 7 324 control_solver index solver_type If solver_type is set to diagonal then only the main diagonal of the system matrix will be used for the solution of all dof s This gives the
233. in dir_sheari_x dir_shear1_y dir_shear1_z direction as measured from the dir_shear0_x dir_shear0_y dir_shear0_z vector and this is summed to give the first bending moment momentl The results for the normal force two shear forces and two moments will be placed in the record post_element_force_ result In 3D you need to specify the complete post_element_force record and you get the normal force two shear forces and two bending moments in the post_element_force_result record The directions dir_shear0_x dir_shear0_y dir_shear0_z and dir_shear1_x dir_shear1_y dir_shear1_z should be perpendicular In 2D you need to specify only a partial record post element force as index dir_normal_ dir_normal_y dir_shear0_x dir_shear0_y middle_x middle_y and you get the normal force one shear force and one bending moment in the post_element_force_result record In 1D you need to specify only a partial record post_element_force as index dir_normal_x middle_x and you get the normal force in the post_element_force_result record You can restrict with post_element_force_geometry with the same index that the post_element force is only evaluated for nodes on a specific geometry You can restrict with post_element_force_group with the same index that the post_element_force is only evaluated for certain element groups You can restrict with post_element_force_number with the same index that the post_element_force is only evaluated for certain element numbers Y
234. index nl 290 7 897safety_slip_ellipsoide_result index middle_x middle_y middle_z basel_x basel_y basel_z base2_x base2 y base2_z a b c safety factor o o eee 7 898safety_slip_ellipsoide_segment_n index n 290 7 899safety_slip_grd index switch ooa e 290 7 900safety_slip_grd_method index method 0 2 0000 eee 291 7 90 1safety_slip_grd_method_direction index dir_x dir_y dir_ 291 Oe tone Gao ae aed a Store de ete een ae a 291 7 903safety_slip_multi_linear index x_first 0 y_first 0 x_first 1 y first 1 x_last 0 y_last 0 ETT a Es 291 E eer 292 7 905safety_slip_multi_linear_result index 1 0 y_0 21 y_1 safety_facton 292 VE eM LS Be Bem woes E ia 292 7 907safety_slip_set index index_0 indezr_1 index_1 292 e Do Dl tete 6 oe E 292 a 292 a a a E do da 292 7 911slide_plasti_tension index sigt o o ee 293 7 912slide_user index auc 293 ZE O a dds Sees Bete ia 293 ee es ee eee ee 293 biG op a RR Ee ek Bee ba ee ees 293 ety oad yale Se ap AoE A She cata Sea es We E 293 7 917smooth_n number_of_smoothing oo 293 nape a ad dows Boe aE wee RISERS R H Sed oS 293 here ag mds T Barak RA 294 7 920solver_bicg_restart resta 294 7 921solver_bicg_stop switch oaoa aa 294 38 7 922solver_matrix_save switch ooa aa a 294 7 923solver_matrix_symmetric switch aooaa e 294 7 924solver_pardiso_ordering ordering ooa e 294 7 925solver_pardiso_out_of_core switch
235. index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 714 group_truss_bond_slip_ceb_fip_1990 index s_1 s_2 s_3 tau_max tau_f al pha Parameters for the CEB FIP Model Code 90 bond slip model See also the theory section 251 7 715 group_truss_bond_slip_diagram index s_0 tau_b 0 s_1 tau_b 1 Bond slip diagram specifying the maximum shear stress as function of the shear slip See also the theory section 7 716 group_truss_density index p Density for a truss The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 717 group truss elasti elongation force diagram index LU F_0 L F_1 With this record you can specify a force versus elongation diagram for a truss Here each l is the ratio of the truss elongation divided by the initial truss length And each F is the corre sponding force This group_truss_elasti_elongation_force_diagram cannot be combined with group_truss_elasti_young 7 718 group_truss_elasti_young index E Young s modulus for a truss The truss force F is F EAAu where Au is the elongation of the truss The index specifies the element_group see element_group See also group truss_area 7 719 group_truss_expansion index alpha Thermal expansion coefficient for trusses A temperature increment dT leads to a thermal incre mental length of the size alpha dT initial length 7 720 group_truss_initial force index initial_force Initial truss force in truss elements 7 721 group truss memory ind
236. ing message will be printed Furthermore if check_element_shape is specified the average will be stored in a record element_shape in the database dbs file the average will be plotted in the GID post processing files so that you can visually inspect where the elements are most distorted Perfectly non distorted isoparametric elements have average 0 Severely distorted elements have a high average e g larger than 0 25 116 7 55 check_memory index switch If switch is set to yes Tochnog checks memory usage of the calculation If switch is set to no Tochnog does not check memory usage of the calculation When checking memory usage Tochnog checks that the calculation fits in the computer RAM memory Furthermore on 32 bit systems Tochnog checks that array sizes do not exceed 2Gb Default if check_memory is not specified the switch is set to no 7 56 check_memory_usage index switch If switch is set to yes Tochnog keeps record of the highest memory used by the calculation It will put that highest usage expressed in GB in the record check_memory_usage_result This option comes convenient to keep an eye on the memory usage of a calculation in case you are reaching the limit on your computer You need to prevent that memory usage exceeds the amount of RAM memory since swapping to disk is extremely slow This option is only available on 64 bit linux 7 57 check_memory_usage_result index memory See check_memory_usage 7 58
237. ion for the change _dataitem to only those elements which are part of the geometry specified by geometry_entity_name geome try_entity_index 7 47 change dataitem time index time value See change _dataitem and change_dataitem_time_user 7 48 change_dataitem_time_discrete index switch If switch is set to yes then the changes applied by the change_dataitem and change_dataitem_time records with the same index will be applied at the discrete time points given in change_dataitem_time Between those time points no interpolation is used More precise the change of the data item will be applied directly after the time point has passed If you don t specify this change_dataitem_time_discrete record then interpolation is used 7 49 change dataitem time method index method With this record you can require that the cosinus sinus or tangent of a data value will be changed in stead of the data value directly itself The method can be set to either cosinus sinus or tangent This is typically convenient for geotechnical safety factor calculations where you want that for a mohr coulomb law the cohesion and tangent of the friction angle are decreased at the same ratio in time Example group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul_direct 10 tangent of friction angle reduction change_dataitem_time 10 group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul_direct 10 0 use change_dataitem_time_method 10 tangent change_dataitem_time 10 specify tangent values her
238. ircle will be deleted whereas project_exact means that ev erything within a tolerance from the circle edge will be deleted Default type is project_inside 136 7 161 control_mesh_delete_geometry_stop index switch If switch is set to yes any deleting of elements in geometries will be stopped That is all remaining delete factors from control_mesh_delete_geometry_factor will be destroyed and all elements will become fully active again In combination with global_element_dof_apply yes the elements which become active again will take their strains stresses etc of the moment just before being deleted If you want to lower the stresses or strains or so then consider using control_reset_dof In combination with global_element_dof_apply no the elements which become active again will take their strains stresses etc from the nodes 7 162 control_mesh_delete_geometry_stop_geometry index geometry_entity_name geometry_entity_index Only do the control_mesh_delete_geometry_stop for elements part of the geometrical entity specified in this control_mesh_delete_geometry_stop_geometry 7 163 control mesh delete_small index eps At the end of a timestep an element will be deleted when its volume has become smaller than eps 7 164 control mesh duplicate element group index element_group_old element_group_n Use this command to duplicate elements from group element_group_old to new elements with group element_group_new The new elements get
239. is done for timestep records with the same index This option is convenient for testing your input file just linear without the need to outcomment each and every part with truss rope data See also truss_rope_apply 7 350 control_zip index switch If switch is set to yes all flavia msh vtk plt and dbs files are zipped with the gzip program The gzip program should be installed on your computer 179 This comes convenient in large calculation with lots of output where you want to use results later and save disk space during the calculation 7 351 crack_element_group element_group Calculate stress intensity factor The elements with the specified index element_group are around the crack so the cracking material you need to use tria6 elements The nodes node_0 node_1 are the specific nodes at the tip of the crack The crack intensity factor is calculated with con trol_crack index calculate_stress_intensity_factor The result is written in crack_stress_intensity_fact See also the files tochnog test other crack dat 7 352 crack node node_0 node_1 See crack_element_group 7 353 convection_apply switch If switch is set to yes the convection of a material with respect to the mesh is allowed If switch is set to no the convection of a material with respect to the mesh is not allowed This is done for all timesteps The convection of material with respect to the mesh is not allowed in combination with group_ma
240. is set to always the solver saves and applies the decomposed matrix even in case Tochnog thinks for some reason that the matrix needs to be decomposed at each timestep This option is only available in combination with the pardiso solver See also control_solver_matrix_save 7 923 solver_matrix_symmetric switch If switch is set to yes then if needed matrices are symmetrized so that less memory will be needed and a symmetrical equation solver can be used 7 924 solver_pardiso_ordering ordering See also control_solver_pardiso_ordering 296 7 925 solver_pardiso_out_of_core switch If switch is set to yes the pardiso solver is called with a out of core option See for further the pardiso solver in the the intel mkl library 7 926 solver_pardiso_processors nproc Set the number of processors to be used by the pardiso solver Only 1 or the maximum number of the computer is allowed nothing in between 7 927 strain_settlement_parameters index time_global start time_plus reference_creep_strc reference_time power_n lateral_factor With this option data items you can specify an extra vertical settlement creep strain Think of geotechnics soil dumping as a typical example where after dumping some extra vertical straining shows up over time The vertical settlement creep strain of a soil particle is assumed to be Er E Te ee E pz The user supplied parameters are as reference creep rate tpius tr as reference time and
241. it With this record you can specify the maximum allowed total pressure value Any higher value resulting from the groundflow equations will be cutoff to this value Default the limit is set to 0 7 537 group axisymmetric index switch If switch is set to yes the calculation becomes axi symmetrical for the group index Each specified x coordinate becomes a radius and y becomes the length vertical direction The z direction is the axi symmetric direction Specify only non negative x coordinates i e define the computational domain in the right half plane This option is onloy available for groups with isoparametric 1D elements bar2 or isoparametric 2D elements tria3 quad4 or for 2D interface elements quad4 interface or for the truss element truss 7 538 group beam inertia index Iyy Izz J Bending and torsion properties for beam elements Here Iyy is the area moment of inertia for bending along the local beam y axis and zz is the area moment of inertia for bending along the local beam z axis and J is the polar moment of inertia for torsion along the local beam x axis See also beam_rotation in the initialisation part The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 539 group beam memory index memory type Memory model for beam either updated_linear updated or total_linear The updated model is a geometrically nonlinear model which takes large beam rotations into account The index specifi
242. item_name_0 geometry_item_index_0 ge ometry_item_name_1 geometry_item_inder_1 7 82node_inertia index inertia_dof_0 imertia_dof_1 sche oy E ay tae uds Ge Beaks Bee 263 Pia Rete PRG ance aa OP ANA a e rte he Sete ee tee daa ae Se ae 263 bg BUR Bue eer chr Geek Goat a oe Bg 263 i oN do Taa A BA ee och A A 264 7 787node_start_refined index coord_0 coord_1 coord2l ooo o 264 7 788node_stiffness index stiffness_x stiffness y stiffness 264 CS 264 7 790nonlocal nonlocal_radius e 264 7 79lnonlocal name name 1 265 7 792plasti_apply switch ee 265 7 7193post_calcul dofoperat oaa ee 265 7 794post_calcul_absolute stc 267 LED ee ee Gg ee de os ee we E 267 7 796post_calcul_limit lower_0 upper_0 lower_1 upper_1 267 7 797post_calcul_materi_stress_force_average switCh o o 267 7 798post_calcul_materi_stress_force_direction_exclude dir_z dir_y dir_ 7 799post_calcul_materi_stress_force_direction_exclude_epsilon eps 7 800post_calcul_materi_stress_force direction include dir_z dir_y dir 7 801post_calcul_materi_stress_force_direction_include_epsilon eps 7 802post_calcul_materi_stress_force_element_group element_group_0 element_group_1 7 803post_calcul_materi_stress_force_reference_point z 0 y 0 20 1 y 1 z1 7 804post_calcul_materi_stress_force_outer switCh o o o o 270 7 805post_calcul_materi_stress_force_plot_switch switch_0 switch_1 270 34
243. ities v if present The groundflow capacity as defined in the equation above can be determined as follows The effective bulk modulus for the soil K can be determined from experiments or from the young modulus and poisson ratio The soil water mixture bulk modulus K can be determined from experiments or from 20 Thus the extra bulk modulus due to the presence of water reads K K K And so the extra capacity c as to to specified in group_groundflow_capacity can be calculated as c zx Numerically the groundwater capacity value is difficult to choose Too low values leads to numerically un stable calculations Too high values leads to overly soft capacity A typical value for the group_groundflow_capacity record when water has some little amount of dissolved air is owr Groundflow velocities The groundflow velocities after initializing groundflow_velocity follow from h vE pp i K Ox Total groundwater pressure The total groundwater pressure or pore pressure is for example needed to calculate the total stresses in soils The total groundwater pressure follows from Ptotal h pgz where g is the gravitational acceleration and p is the groundflow_density Please notice that g and z typically are negative numbers Tochnog considers pressure a pore pressure of p 0 or positive as indication that there is in fact no water pressure so the porous soil skeleton is filled with air In this case the total soil stres
244. ive to the gravity status 7 411 element_truss_direction index dir_x dir_y dir_z After the calculation this record will be filled with the direction of a truss in space The index specifies the truss element number 7 412 element_truss_force index force After the calculation this record will be filled with the normal force in a truss element The index specifies the truss element number 7 413 element_truss_strain index strain After the calculation this record will be filled with the strain in a truss element length increase divided by length The index specifies the truss element number 196 7 414 element_truss_strain_temperature index strain After the calculation this record will be filled with the normal thermal strain in a truss element thermal length increase divided by length The index specifies the truss element number 7 415 element volume index volume This record contains the volume of the isoparametric element number index after the calculation In fact for 1D elements it contains the element length for 2D elements it contains the element area and for 3D elements it contains the element volume 7 416 force_edge index force_0 force_1 Distributed edge forces These distributed forces are translated into equivalent nodal force terms on the edges of elements You should specify a force term for each direction Also the record force_edge_geometry should be specified and optionally the records force_edge_facto
245. iven with bounda_normal if however a geometrical entity is used to specify the nodes you do not necessarily need to specify the bounda_normal thus the normal from the geometrical entity is then used instead The bounda_time record should not be specified it is irrelevant Internally in Tochnog a multi point constraint will be generated to accomplish this condition of zero velocity in normal direction Specially for velocity displacement dof s you can prescribe a rotation around either the x axis y axis or z axis In 1D you cannot use this record In 2D you can only specify a rotation around the z axis In 3D you can specify each of the three axis Example of an x axis rotation of node 12 with angular velocity of 0 33 degrees per unit time bounda_dof 0 12 rotation_x_axis bounda_time 0 0 33 For the rotation 0 33 the rotation vector points in the positive x axis direction Specially for the groundflow phreatic head h you can prescribe the physical pore pressure total_pressure and Tochnog will automatically calculate the corresponding hydraulic head h Also specially for the groundflow phreatic head h you can prescribe the time rate of the physical pore pressure ttotal_pressure and Tochnog will automatically calculate the corresponding hy draulic head h Also specially for the groundflow phreatic head h you can prescribe the time rate of the hydraulic head tpres Specially for the temperature you can prescribe the time rate of the
246. l dof s This inertia_apply is applied for all timestep records Default if inertia_apply is not specified then each of switch_0 switch_1 etc is set to no See also control_inertia_apply 7 730 input_abaqus switch Set switch to yes for reading the abaqus input file abaqus inp Tochnog will use it to generate a tochnog input file tochnog_abaqus dat This can typically be done by making an input file like echo yes number_of_space_dimensions 3 materi_velocity materi_stress end _initia input_abaqus yes input_abaqus_continue yes include tochnog_abaqus dat other data you can use the abaqus sets of tochnog_abaqus dat end_data You need to initialise the fields like materi_velocity materi_stress etc that you will actually use later in the calculation Only a limited set of data is transferred from the abaqus input file to the tochnog input file you need to check if the Tochnog input file is like you want Abaqus element sets and node sets are evaluated and can be used in the tochnog calculation ABAQUS is a registered trademark or trademark of Dassault Systemes 7 731 input_abaqus_continue switch If switch is set to yes then after tochnog_abaqus dat is generated the remainder of the input file read and the calculation continues If switch is set to no then after tochnog_abaqus dat is generated the remainder of the input file will not be read and the calculation aborts The input_abaqus_continue record should a
247. l_materi_plasti_hypo_masin_ocr_apply to yes 7 660 group_materi plasti hypo_masin structure index k A sf Masin hypoplasticity structure parameters see the theory section The k should be at least 0 The A should be greater or equal to 0 and lower than 1 The sf should be greater or equal to 1 7 661 group materi plasti hypo wolffersdorff index p hs n eco eao eio alpha beta Von Wolffersdorff parameters in hypoplastic law see the theory section Here y is in degrees The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 662 group materi plasti hypo niemunis visco index p nu D Iy eeo Peo lambda Br kappa Parameters p v D Iy eo Peo A PR K for the visco part of hypoplasticity see the theory section The history variables are the same as for group_materi_plasti_hypo_wolffersdorff You also need to specify control_materi_plasti_hypo_niemunis_visco_ocr_apply The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 663 group materi plasti hypo niemunis visco_ocr index OCR OCR in visco hypoplastic law The initial void ratio will be calculated from this see the theory section 243 In case you would like to have an OCR dependent on space coordinate you can use depen dency_diagram and dependency _item The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 664 group materi plasti hypo_void ratio linear index switch Normally the changing void ratio in hypoplasticity is calculated exactly from the initial vo
248. l_time index time load time load This record specifies a diagram which contains the factors with which the force_ edge_normal record with the same index is applied Linear interpolation is used to extend the time load values to the intervals between these pairs Outside the specified time range a factor 0 is used If this record is not specified the force is applied at all times with a factor 1 7 438 force_edge_projected index force ph 0 0 0 ph grad_x ph_grad_y ph_grad_z pv 0 0 0 pv grad_x pu_grad_y pv_grad_z factor_normal factor_tangential vertical_dir_downward_x vertical_dir_downward_y vertical_dir_downward_z tunnel_dir_x tunnel_dir_y tunnel_z Distributed projected force on the edge of a element This distributed term is translated into equivalent nodal force terms on the edges of elements This record typically can be used to model soil normal and tangential loading on tunnels With ph 0 0 0 you specify the horizontal ground stress at x 0 y 0 z 0 With ph_grad_x ph_grad_y and ph_grad_z you specify the gradients of the horizontal stress such that a linear horizontal stress field can be modeled With pv 0 0 0 you specify the vertical ground stress at x 0 y 0 z 0 With 200 pv_grad_x pv_grad_y and pv_grad_z you specify the gradients of the vertical stress such that a linear vertical stress field can be modeled The vertical and horizontal stresses are projected on the edge of the element so that the radial stress sig radial an
249. laminate number The direction p is taken such in the plane of the laminate that op is the maximum shear stress in the laminate plane The stress ogg is normal to the laminate plane The user needs to specify a normal vector ngk to the plane of laminate k so that the plane of the laminate is precisely defined Plastic flow rule To allow for non associated plastic flow a dilatancy angle w is used Jr lopq Gag tan 1 C r where again k denotes the number of the Multilaminate Elasto plastic versus elasto viscoplastic The multi laminate plasticity model can be used elasto plastic but can also be used with viscoplas ticity time dependent plasticity In the latter case you can apply the input data group_materi_plasti_visco_power_name and group_materi_plasti_visco_power_value Tension cutoff in laminates To allow for laminate crack opening you can specify a tension cutoff limit as yield function fk Faq Ot k where g is the maximum allowable tension stress and k is again the laminate number Specify this model with the input data group_materi_plasti_laminate0_tension Initialisation multi laminate model You always need to initialise materi_plasti_laminate with the number of required laminates Optionally initialise materi_strain_plasti laminate_mohr_coul etc if you want to see the mohr coulomb slip strains in the laminates Optionally initialise materi_strain_plasti_laminate_tension etc if you want to see
250. lation without any special options The following specific actions are taken e Any control_plasti_apply is deleted and plasti_apply is set to no e mesh is set to fixed_in_space e For all group_ _memory the memory type is set to total_linear if materi_displacement is initialised and it is set to updated_linear otherwise e Any dependency_item dependency_diagram containing group_ data dependening on one of the dof s of dof_label is deleted e Any group_materi_elasti_hardsoil is deleted and substituted by a group_materi_elasti_young with E50ref as Young s modulus e Any group_materi_elasti_polynomial is deleted and substituted by a group_materi_elasti_young with E0 as Young s modulus e Any group_materi_elasti_young_power is substituted by a linear group_materi_elasti_young e Any group _materi plasti hypo wolffersdorffis deleted and substituted by a group_materi_elasti_y with hs as Young s modulus and a group_materi_elasti_poisson with value 0 2 e Any group spring stif ness_nonlinear is deleted and substituted by a group_spring stiffness with the stiffness value at strain 0 e Any group_groundflow_nonsaturated is deleted e Any group_interface_gap is deleted e Any group _interface_materi_hardening is deleted e Any group interface_materi elasti_stif ness tangential diagram is deleted e Any group_materi_damage is deleted e Any group_materi failure is deleted e Any group truss_rope is deleted e Any conta
251. linder the middle radius the wall thickness the start angle and the end angle in degrees which allows for an open section For a brick you need to specify the x y z coordinates at the middle the length in x direction the length in y direction and the length in z direction For a circle you need to specify the x y coordinates of the middle and also the radius For a circle_hollow you need to specify the same as for the circle and additionally the wall thickness the start angle and the end angle in degrees which allows for an open section For a rectangle you need to specify the x y coordinates of the middle the width and the height respectively For a bar you need to specify the x coordinate of the middle and the length respectively 7 195 control_mesh_map index switch A typical piece of input file is global_element_dof_apply no input file with quadratic elements hex20 or hex27 or tet10 or prism15 control_mesh_map yes map to linear elements hex8 or prism6 or tet4 control_timestep calculate with linear elements control_solver matrix_pardiso with pardiso solver control_mesh_map yes map back to quadratic elements control_timestep calculate with quadratic elements control_solver matrix_iterative_bicg with bicg solver In this way the last calculation with the quadratic elements gets as first guess for the bicg solver the solution field of the linear elements with the pardis
252. lly lower then the wished preferred number of iterations The time step size is decreased if the number of iterations is substantially larger then the wished preferred number of iterations The time step specified in control_timestep is used as initial step The time step is not allowed to become higher then mazimum_timestep The time step is not allowed to become lower then maximum_timestep The initial step as specified in control _timestep should be sufficient small so that this automatic algorithm can fulfill the ratio_criterium in that initial step After the iterations in a step are finished Tochnog performs one extra iterations to update strains stresses etc with the last velocity fields In this extra iteration also the post_node_rhside_ratio will be recalculated and thus may become different from the previous value that was used to determine if the iterations should be stopped See also control_timestep_iterations_automatic_stop and control_timestep_iterations_automatic_mii 7 338 control_timestep_iterations_automatic_minimum_maximum_wished index minimum _iterations maximum iterations wished_iterations This sets the minimum number of allowed iterations the maximum number of allowed iterations and the wished preferred number of iterations for the automatic time stepping mechanism as specified by control_timestep_iterations_automatic with the same index The default for this record is 2 8 4 The maximum number of allowed itera
253. luated slip surfaces will be plotted The critical surface is either determined over all safety surfaces or otherwise in case sets are specified a critical surface is determined for each set Furthermore always the normal stresses and shear stresses on the slip surfaces will be plotted 7 278 control_print_gid_spring2 index number_of_nodes Set number_of_nodes to 2 if you want to draw spring2 with two nodes and to 1 if you want to draw spring2 with one node Default if control_print_gid_spring2 is not specified then print_gid_spring2 is used 162 7 279 control_print_gid_truss_vector index switch Same as control_print_gid_beam_vector however now for the normal force in truss and truss_beam elements Attention this control print_gid truss_vector is a special plotting option to get the truss force result as vector plot with the possibility to influence the direction of the vectors with con trol_print_gid_truss_vector_normal Default Tochnog plots the truss force result already as scalar values for each truss element 7 280 control print gid truss_vector_ normal index normal_x normal_y nor mal_z Same as control_print_gid_beam_vectors_normal however now for the normal force in truss and truss_beam elements 7 281 control_print_gmsh index switch We discuss as an example the printed file naming convention if the input file name is excava tion dat If switch is set to yes the results are printed into the excavatio
254. lume And density_dry is the amount of kg of soil in a unit volume The index specifies the element_group see element_group In case total pressures are calculated In case total pressures are calculated from the post_calcul groundflow_pressure total_pressure command the density_wet will be used if the total pressure is smaller then 0 whereas density_dry will be used if the total pressure is larger or equal to 0 In case total pressures are not calculated but a phreatic level is specified In case an element is above a specified phreatic level the density_dry will be used In case an element is below a specified phreatic level the density_wet will be used In other cases In other cases density_dry will be used 7 597 group_materi_elasti_borja_ttamagnini index Go a k Pr Elastic data for the modified Borja Tamagnini model see I The index specifies the element_group see element _group 7 598 group_materi_elasti_camclay_g index G Elastic data G for the modified CamClay model The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 599 group materi elasti camclay_gmin index gmin This specifies a minimal allowed value for G in the modified CamClay model to prevent numerical problems for very low G values The index specifies the element_group see element_group 232 7 600 group_materi_elasti_camclay_poisson index v Elastic data v for the modified CamClay model This option is alternative to the group_mater
255. lways be present as last record of the input_abaqus_ records 7 732 input_abaqus_group switch If switch is set to yes then also group_ is written to tochnog_abaqus dat If switch is set to no then no group is written to tochnog_abaqus dat So you can set switch to no in case 254 you want to provide the group_ yourself and don t want it to be taken from the abaqus inp Default if input_abaqus_group is not specified the switch is set to yes 7 733 input_abaqus set set_0 set_1 With this option you can specify for which set numbers the elements should be written See the generated tochnog_abaqus dat for the set numbers 7 734 input_abaqus_name name_0 name_1 With this option you can specify which abaqus element types should be converted into tochnog elements By example specify tria3 if you want to include tria3 elements in the Tochnog input file In case you do not specify input_abaqus_name all elements will be converted into tochnog elements However not all abaqus elements are available as tochnog element if a non available element is encountered it will be skipped 7 735 input_gmsh switch This option is under development Set switch to yes for reading the gmsh mesh file tochnog_in msh Only linear and quadratic elements are read The gmsh program is a free external pre and postprocessor See http www geuz org gmsh Only the data element element_group and node is read 7 736 interface gap apply s
256. ly value of the variable C is assigned to each element C by the following transformation e for normally distributed variable C Ci uc 0cAG 26 where oc is calculated from g as described in the following section e for log normally distributed variable C C exp Hmo OmcaGi 27 where umc is calculated by Eq 20 b using Cin CA instead of Cin 0 Cin ca is calculated from Cmc as described in the following section 3 7 2 Local averaging The input parameters of C that relate to the mean standard deviation and spatial correlation length are assumed to be defined at the point level Due to the finite size of each finite element point statistical distribution must be averaged over the element This results in reduced ia c in the case of log normal distribution and reduced Oc in the case of normal distribution un c in the first case and uc in the second case remain unaffected The locally averaged standard deviations On ca Oca which are used in Eqns 27 are calculated from their point values using 2 _ 2 2 _ 2 Qin C A Y Qin C Oca T 0 28 where y is the variance reduction factor calculated by integration of the Markov function 22 In 1D for a finite element of side length afc In 2D for square finite element of side length adc 4 adc ade 2 y ari f exp oy x2 7 abc x abc y dxdy 30 c Jo 0 In 3D for hexahedral finite element of side length alc 8 abc pata pate 2 y Tabo y f exp Io a y2
257. lysis Capl plasticity model This group_materi_plasti_cap1 model is the first cap model that accounts for permanent plastic deformations under high pressures for granular materials It is intended to be used in combination with shear plasticity models like Drucker Prager Mohr Coulomb etc First the average stress p and the equivalent shear stress q are introduced p 011 022 033 3 q lou 022 072 033 033 011 3 0 0 05 53 These are used to define the cap plastic yield function 2 p p p p where p p ccoto Dp pe ccot o The parameter pe is a history variable of this model The parameter 0 is the coulomb friction angle and c is the cohesion The parameter M denotes the tangent of the Critical State Line in the model Typically you can use M cong 3 sing The history parameter pe is assumed to harden with the cap plastic volume strain rate according to the rate form ip NIT 1 WT NT Ey Kref px Pe Here x is the swelling index e g 0 03 A is the compression index e g 0 15 K f is the bulk modulus at stress p typically 100kPa which typically can be taken as K f i and finally m is an exponent e g 0 6 Initialize materi_plasti_cap1_history in the initialization part The state variable pe for this hardening soil model enters the node_dof records You need to give an initial value for it in the node_dof records See als
258. m index dof_value_0 data_ttem_value_0 179 p Sont a a Ad 179 7 362dependency_geometry index geometry_item_name geometry_ttem_inded 179 7 363dependency_item index data_item element_group dofn 24 179 7 364dependency_number index number 2 0 a 181 7 360dependency type index type o 2 o 181 19 7 366dof_element_dof doj_per_element_0 dof_per_elementz1 o 181 7 367dof label dof 0 AET T a 181 7 368dof_limit lower_dof_0 upper_dof_0 lower_dof_1 upper_dof_1 184 7 369dof principal number_0 number_1 o 0 o 184 7 370element index element_name node_0 node_1 node_2 7 3 lelement_beam_ direction index dir_1 1 dir_x y dir_x z dir_y x dir_y y dir_y z dir_z x OLY UN Boe 4th eves ob AA 7 3 2element_beam_direction_z index dir_z 1 dir_z y dir_z 188 7 373element_beam_force_moment index force_x_first_node force_y_first_node force_z_first_node moment_a_first_node moment_y_first_node moment_z_first_node force_x_second_node force_y_second_node force_z_second_node moment_x_second_node moment_y_second_node Pee Se EEA oh Oe AR ee ae a ee ee ae os 188 7 374element_contact_spring_direction index dirN dirN dirN dirT1 dirT1 dirT1 EAN TAR A ITA 7 3 oelement_contact_spring strain index strain N strain_T1 strain_T2 188 7 376element_contact_spring force index force_N force T1 force T2 188 7 37 element_dof index dof_0 dof_l J o o o o ooo ooo 188 7 384element_
259. mb and the current normal stresses The user needs to specify over which surface the integration of the safety factor needs to be performed See safety_slip_circle_grid_ etc A critical slip surface will be calculated for each set of safety_slip_circle_grid_ etc thus for each separate index of these a critical surface will be calculated You can specify also safety_slip_set however which defines the indices of safety_slip_circle_grid_ etc belong ing to a specific set The overall minimal safety factor will be determined for all safety geometries belonging to the set This control_safety_slip is available for group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul_direct group_materi_plasti_druck_prag and group_materi_plasti_hypo_wolffersdorff As a special option you can set the switch not to yes but to a number 1 2 3 instead Then this number 1 2 3 is used by tochnog as the number of automatic safety calculations of the critical slip surface By example if you use slip circles specified by middle points and radii after the first safety calculations a specific middle point and radius will have the lowest safety factor Then in the next safety calculation tochnog will reduce the area of middle points and the set of radii to a smaller zone around that critical middle point and radius With this smaller zone a new safety analysis will lead to a new critical middle point and radius somewhere in the reduced zone Then aga
260. memory_type should be set to updated updated_jaumann updated_linear total or total_linear See the theoretical part for some explanation For an linear total Lagrange solid the input file may look like and is recommended for most solid calculations materi_velocity materi_displacement materi_strain_total materi_stress end_initia node 1 node 2 238 group_materi_memory 0 total_linear group_materi_elasti_young 0 end_data For a large deformation total Lagrange solid with a straightforward decomposition of the deforma tion tensor into a rotation tensor and a stretch tensor the input file may look like materi_velocity materi_displacement materi_strain_total materi_stress end_initia group_materi_memory 0 total group_materi_elasti_young 0 end_data For an updated Lagrange solid the input file may look like materi_velocity materi_velocity_integrated materi_stress end_initia mesh follow_material node 1 node 2 group_materi_memory 0 updated group_materi_elasti_young 0 end_data Notice that for an updated Lagrange formulation you should always set that the mesh follows the material For a fluid the input file may look like materi_velocity materi_stress end _initia use Eulerian mesh mesh fixed_in_space timestep_predict_velocity yes 239 node 1 node 2 group_materi_memory 0 updated_linear group_materi_viscosity 0 group_materi_elasti_compressib
261. ment_group 7 669 group_materi_plastimatsuoka_nakai index phi c phiflow Both yield data and flow data indicated by the word flow for Matsuoka Nakai plasticity Choose phi and phiflow in between 0 and 5 It is advised to use group_materi_plasti_tension or prefer ably with group_materi _plasti tension direct for tension cutoff of large tension stresses The index specifies the element_group see element_group 244 7 670 group_materi_plastiimatsuoka_nakai_hardening softening index phi_0 c 0 phiflow_0 phi_1 c_1 phiflow_1 kappashear_crit Both yield data and flow data indicated by the word flow for Matsuoka Nakai hardening softening plasticity See the theoretical part Choose each of the angles phi_0 phiflow_0 phi_1 phiflow 1 in between 0 and 5 It is advised to use group_materi_plasti tension or preferably with group_materi_plasti_tension_direct for tension cutoff of large tension stresses The index spec ifies the element_group see element_group 7 671 group materi plasti mohr coul indez phi c phiflow Both yield data and flow data indicated by the word flow for Mohr Coulomb plasticity Choose phi and phiflow in between 0 and 5 The index specifies the element group see element_group It is advised to use group_materi_plasti_tension or preferably with group_materi_plasti_tension_direct for tension cutoff of large tension stresses 7 672 group_materi_plasti mohr_coul_direct index phi c phiflow Both yield data and flow data indicat
262. ments springs interfaces trusses 7 307 control_reset_element_group index element_group_number_0 element_group_numbei Specifies the specific element groups on which the control_reset_dof record with the same index should be applied If this record is not specified the control_reset_dof record will be done for all element groups in the specified geometry 7 308 control reset_geometry index geometry_item_name geometry_item_index Specifies the geometry on which the control_reset_dof record with the same index should be applied If this geometry is not specified the control reset_dof record will be done for the complete model 170 7 309 control_reset_interface index geometry_item_name geometry_item_index Reset all interface data like strains stresses etc to 0 for interface elements located in the geometry with name geometry_item_name and index geometry_item_index 7 310 control_reset_interface_strain index geometry_item_name geometry_item_index Reset all interface strains to 0 for interface elements located in the geometry with name geome try_item_name and index geometry_item_index The interface stresses at this moment of resetting will be remembered by Tochnog In the next time steps the new interface strains start with 0 and change when the interfaces deform further And in the next time steps the new interface stresses are calculated from the interface stresses at this moment of resetting plus stress due to additional defo
263. ments slowly to zero at the end of the timestep the element is deleted completely This might be useful for a better convergence behavior of the iterative process If an element is being deleted element empty is automatically set to empty even if the element is not completely deleted yet This allows you to look with GID behind elements that are being deleted see also element_empty and control_print_gid_empty See also control_mesh_delete_geometry_move_node control_mesh_delete_geometry_element and control_mesh_delete_geometry_element_group 7 155 control_mesh_delete_geometry_element index element_name_0 element_name_0 Only elements with names element_name_0 etc will be deleted ifthe control_mesh_delete_geometry with the same index is used For example element_name_0 is quad4 beam etc 135 If this record is not specified all elements in the geometry will be deleted 7 156 control_mesh_delete_geometry_element_group index element_group_0 element_group_1 Only elements from group element_group_0 etc will be deleted if the control_mesh_delete_geometry with the same index is used 7 157 control mesh delete geometry factor index factor_0 factor_1 The elements deleted by control_mesh_delete_geometry with the same index will be deleted by a factor factor_0 at the start of the timesteps up to a factor factor_1 at the end of the timesteps If the control_mesh_delete_geometry is not used in combination with timestep
264. metry Default method is all 7 212 control_mesh_remove index element_group_0 element_group_1 With this option you can remove elements of element_group_0 if they are completely located inside a elements of group element_group 1 7 213 control_mesh_remove_geometry index geometry_item_name geometry_item_index With this record you can restrict to which geometry the control_mesh_remove will be applied 148 7 214 control_mesh_remove_frequency _timeinterval index timeinterval Similar to control_print_frequency_timeinterval but now working on control_mesh_remove records however This option is convenient to save computer time 7 215 control_mesh_remove_frequency_timestep index timestep Similar to control_print_frequency_timestep but now working on control_mesh_remove records however This option is convenient to save computer time 7 216 control mesh renumber index lowest_element lowest_node The element numbers are made strictly sequential starting from lowest_element and the node numbers are made strictly sequential starting from lowest_node Beware using control_renumber in combination with for example node numbers in printing of node_dof records use post_point records instead 7 217 control_mesh _ renumber_element_geometry_offset index offset While renumbering elements the element geometry number will be offset with offset 7 218 control mesh renumber element _group_offset index offset While renumbering elements the element g
265. metry_polynomial is used in 2D the normal is in positive y direction e If a geometry_polynomial is used in 3D the normal is in positive z direction e If a geometry triangle is used in 3D the normal is in direction of the outer product v01 v02 where v01 is the vector from node 0 to node 1 and v02 is the vector from node 0 to node 2 e If a geometry_quadrilateral is used in 3D the normal is in direction of the outer product YU v02 where v1 is the vector from node 0 to node 1 and v02 is the vector from node 0 to node 2 Only non distorted quadrilaterals should be used This normal can be switched sign by setting the contact_target_geometry_switch with the same index to yes In stead of geometries also contact with target elements will be checked Only contact with the elements bar2 quad4 and hex8 can be detected Specify contact_target_element_group for this The time steps should be such small that contacting nodes penetrate the other elements only in small steps If a contact_target_geometry is used then the contacting node should also be within the tolerance of the geometrical entity to be noticed If contact is detected normal contact forces of size contact_penalty_velocity penetration are gen erated between the contacting node and the other element Moreover also a frictional force of size friction normal force is generated see contact_plasti_friction 124 With contact you need more iterations the norm
266. moment follows from the relation Mmax f N with N the normal force in the hinge As a special option you can specify one and only one value for f group_hinge_plasti_moment Then this value f has a fixed value and does not depend on the normal force Again the maximum moment is calculated from Ma f N A typical value for fixed valued f is 0 281 with l being the effective hinge length 7 570 group integration_method index method Here method sets the integration method for bars quad en hex elements You can either set method to gauss or lobatto If this record is not set the default method as described in group_integration_points is chosen It is advised to keep the default method so not specify this group integration_method record unless you know what you are doing 7 571 group integration points index type Here type sets the number of integration points in an element It should be set to normal minimal or to maximal For tria3 elements the integration point will be located in the middle with minimal integration or a four point integration scheme will be used with maximal integration For tria6 elements a seven point scheme will be used for maximal and a four point scheme will be used with minimal integration For tet4 elements the integration point will be located in the middle with minimal integration or a five point integration scheme will be used with maximal integration For tet10 elements a five poi
267. n algorithm the parameters in the specified record will be used instead 7 22 bounda constant index switch This record can be used i s o the bounda_time record If switch is set to yes the prescribed dofis kept constant This is only available for velocities pressures and temperatures This is not available for time derivatives ttemp tpres and ttotal_pres 107 7 23 bounda_dof index node_range dof_0 dof_1 States which dof s in which nodes get prescribed values by adjustment of the node_dof records The item node_range represents a range of node numbers In stead of a node range also by example geometry_line 1 can be used indicating that the nodes on line 1 get the prescribed boundary values The items dof_0 etc are one of the primary dof s listed at dof_label For a specific index only one of bounda_force or bounda_dof can be specified thus either Neumann conditions or Dirichlet conditions Example for discrete node forces in y direction on the nodes on a line bounda_dof 0 geometry_line 1 vely bounda time 0 0 0 1 1 100 1 Normally you only should specify boundary conditions on principal dof s like velocity tempera ture etc and not on strain stresses etc Specially for velocity displacement dof s you can prescribe that nodes should not move in a direction normal to a plane For this specify veln for dof_0 to indicate that the normal velocity to a plane is 0 The normal direction should be g
268. n coordinate dependent water fluxes In 1D the polynomial is aj a1 daf L In 2D the polynomial is ay a2 dal azz azzy a5y agx a7x7y agry dau We explain the logic in 3D with examples By example if n 2 the polynomial is ap az a2 specify 3 values By example if n 5 the polynomial is ao ax ag a3y a4 asz specify 6 values By example if n 8 the polynomial is ag a x agx as 04Y asy as 072 082 specify 9 values 215 7 515 groundflow_flux_edge_normal_geometry index geometry_entity_name ge ometry_entity_index Selects the area for which the groundflow_flux_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied For example geometry_line 1 can be used in 2D indicating that the nodes on line 1 get the distributed flux The total edge of an element must be inside the geometry for the force to become active For 2D elements the border lines are edges For 3D elements the border surfaces are edges 7 516 groundflow flux edge normal node index node_0 node_1 node_2 Selects the nodes for which the groundflow_flux_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied The node_0 etc specify global node numbers 7 517 groundflow_flux_edge_normal_sine index start_time end_time freg 0 amp_0 freq_1 amp_1 Similar to force_edge_sine now for water flux however 7 518 groundflow_flux_edge_normal_time index time load time load This record specifies a diagram which c
269. n msh file In case the mesh elements and nodes have not been printed before in this file the file will be emptied and the mesh will be printed This will also be done if the mesh is changed If index is 100 and switch is set to separate_index then the mesh and results are printed in the file is excavation_100 msh If switch is set to separate_sequential then the mesh and results are printed in the files ex cavation_0 msh excavation_1 msh etc So each time that a control_print_gmsh with separate_sequential is evaluated a new file is generated with number increased by one A dummy point element is put in each node in the gmsh file Gmsh needs that for plotting vector fields in the nodes The dummy element group 1234 is used for these dummy point elements You can suppress these dummy point elements by setting control_print_gmsh_dummy to no All element data starts with element_ in the plots All node data starts with node_ in the plots Scalar data with more then one value is given the extension _0 _1 etc for each of the values By example the record node which contains coordinates in each space direction is plotted as scalar node_0 node_1 and node_2 which contain the x coordinate y coordinate and z coordinate respectively By example the record group_groundflow_permeability which contains perme ability in each space direction is plotted as scalar group_groundflow_0 group_groundflow_1 and group_groundflow_2 which contain the x p
270. n save cpu time in timesteps with the same index by setting switch to no which prevents post_element_force commands to be evaluated in these timesteps 153 7 241 control_print index data_item_name_0 data_item_name_1 The is the normal printing command A control_print record causes the data items with name data_item_name_0 etc to be printed Example control_print 1 node node_dof See also print_filter 7 242 control print beam force moment index switch This option prints the beam forces and moments through a set of beams starting at place Zstart Ystart Zstart and ending at Lend Yend Zend AS Specified in control_print_beam_force_moment_coordinates In 2D only x and y coordinates need to be specified The forces and moments are printed in the file beam_force_moment indez In fact if the element contains a truss either a truss element or a truss beam element the truss force will be used for the axial force The first column in the file is the dis tance from the start point The following columns contain in the local beam axes force_x_first node force_y_first node force_z_first node moment _x_first_node moment_y first node moment_z first_node force_x_second_node force_y second_node force_z_second_node moment_x_second_node moment _y_second_node moment_z_second_node The switch needs to be set to separate_index or separate_sequential See also control_print_beam_force_moment_switch 7 243 control print_beam force_moment
271. n total Drucker Prager plasticity model The group_materi_plasti_druck_prag model reads 300m a K 0 2 gind V3 3 sin 6c cos V3 3 sin Here c is the cohesion which needs to be specified both for the yield function and the flow rule by choosing different values non associative plasticity is obtained You should also include tension cut off preferably with group_materi_plasti tension direct Generalised Non Associate CamClay for Bonded Soils plasticity model 56 The group_materi_plasti_generalised_non_associate_cam_clay_for_bonded_soils is presently available for selected customers only It is a modification of the Milan model of Prof Roberto Nova Gurson plasticity model The group_materi_plasti_gurson model reads 30 y 30m M 2m f cosh q2 5 1 a3f 0 0 20y Here f is the volume fraction of voids The rate equation 7 y ge pl f PFP e defines the evolution of f if the start value for f is specified Furthermore qi q2 and q3 are model parameters Hardening Soil model In this section the principal stresses are ordered such that 03 gt 02 gt 01 so that c is the largest compressive stress Likewise for the principal plastic strains 6 gt h gt First the elasticity parameters are defined The elasticity parameters for the first loading are o3 c coto re Young s modulus Eso ELES 3 7 oer c coto m and Poisson s ratio
272. nce away from the line the velocity has size 1 you can scale it by the bounda_time record 7 25 bounda dof radial index x y z Specially for velocity displacement dof s you can prescribe velocities radial to a specified point x y 2 in 1D only zx should be specified and in 2D only z y should be specified Example bounda_dof 10 ra ldots ra velx vely velz bounda_dof_radial 10 1 23 3 43 5 12 bounda_time 10 0 0 1 1 100 1 A radial velocity is prescribed on nodes in a specified range relative to point 1 23 3 43 5 12 and with the time table given by bounda_time The velocity increases linearly in size away from the specified point x y z at unit distance away from the specified point x y z the velocity has size 1 you can scale it by the bounda_time record 7 26 bounda_factor index ap a dy This data item defines a polynomial in space This polynomial gives a factor which is used as a multiplication factor for bounda_time records with the same index In this way you can obtain coordinate dependent boundary conditions In 1D the polynomial is aj a1 azz In 2D the polynomial is ay a11 azy daf a41y a5y aga azax7 y agry a9y 109 We explain the logic in 3D with examples By example if n 2 the polynomial is ag aj ag specify 3 values By example if n 5 the polynomial is ag a 1 ag azy a4 asz specify 6 values By example if n 8 the polynomial is ay 411 azz
273. ncluded in the calculation If switch is set to no these dependencies are not included This is done for all timestep records Default switch is set to yes See also control dependency_apply 7 360 dependency_diagram index dof_value_0 data_item_value_0 See dependency_item 7 361 dependency_method index method See dependency_item 7 362 dependency_geometry index geometry_item_name geometry_item_index See dependency _item 7 363 dependency_item index data_item element_group dofn This record allows you to make an element data item group_ dependent on one of the dof s see dof_label for dofnames or on one of the post calculation results see post_calcul_label for post calculation names This is done for n values of the dof n should be at least 2 The dependency should be specified in the dependency_diagram record same index with a multi linear diagram In the diagram first a set of dof s values should be specified Second the set of data item values for those dof values should be specified Some examples are given below Temperature dependent Young s modulus of element_group 1 E 1 e10 at temperature 1 etc dependency_item 1 group_materi_elasti_young 1 temp 4 dependency_diagram 1 1 2 3 4 1 e10 1 e9 1 e8 3 e5 Temperature dependent Young s moduli in two maxwell chains of element_group 1 for the first chain the moduli 1 e10 1 e9 for the second chain the moduli 1 e12 1 e11 all relaxation times ar
274. negative principal values for a matrix is calculated If materi_strain_plasti is taken for the matrix A then this operator typically can be used as a measure for the amount of compression failure crunching If operat is positive then the average of the positive principal values for a matrix is calculated If materi_strain_plasti is taken for the matrix A then this operator typically can be used as a measure for the amount of tensile failure cracking 267 If operat is prival then three principal values of a matrix A are calculated Each principal value contains the size of the principal vector The principal values are ordered the first value is the smallest one and the last value is the largest one If operat is privec then three principal vectors of a matrix A are calculated Each principal vector contains the x y and z component of the principal vector The same ordering as used for prival is used here also If operat is size_tot then 4 A is calculated for a matrix or y A A is calculated for a vector This measures the size of a matrix or the size of a vector If operat is size_dev then B Bi is calculated where Bj is the deviatoric part of a matrix Aj By Ag bi Ant rtida where 0 is 1 ifi j and is 0 otherwise This measures the size of the deviatoric part of the matrix Specially for quad4 quad9 hex8 and hex27 elements you can set operat to force in case dof is materi_stress Then fo
275. node record and added displacement If this record is not specified node_start_refined is used 7 302 control relaxation index relax_0 relax_1 Relaxation parameters for adjusting dof s in iterations This can stabilize the calculation For example a relaxation parameter of 0 1 means that the corresponding dof is not completely updated with the iterative change but only 10 percent of the change is actually applied in a iteration If enough iterations are used the relaxation parameters with not influence the final solution You should specify a relaxation parameter term for each principal dof which is present in the calculation see the start of the data part description for a list of principal dof s these are velocities temperature etc This relaxation done for timestep records with the same index See also relaxation 7 303 control_repeat index number_of_repeats control_index If number_of_repeats is larger than 0 the calculation repeats from the control nder The value of number_of_repeats is decreased by 1 A first application is to do many time steps but print only once in a while control timestep 10 1 100 control print 20 node dof control_repeat 30 80 10 In the latter example first 100 timesteps are taken then results for node_dof are printed this is repeated 80 times Also this control_repeat can typically be used to perform a number of refinements combined with time stepping to a new refined
276. not specify safety _slip_circle_line_middle_n then only one middle x first y_first will be evaluated for the circle in the safety calculation See also control_safety_slip 7 885 safety slip circle line middle n index n See safety_slip_circle_line_middle 7 886 safety slip circle line radius index r_first r_last This record specifies the radius of a circle for safety factor calculations 289 With r_first you specify the first radius With r_last you specify the last radius With safety_slip_circle_line_ra you specify the number of radius that should be evaluated in the safety calculation all radius to be evaluated will be put equidistant between r_first and r_last As a special option you can only specify r_first and not specify safety_slip_circle_line_radius_n then only one radius r_first will be evaluated for the circle in the safety calculation 7 887 safety slip circle line radius n index n See safety_slip_circle_line_radius 7 888 safety slip circle line result index x y r safety factor This record will after the calculation be filled with the middle radius and safety factor for the critical surface for the slip circles with the same index 7 889 safety_slip_circle_line_segment_n index n With this record you can specify how many segments in the circle will be used in the integration of the safety factor A high number of segments gives more accuracy but is time consuming A low number of segments is le
277. nput file may have other units however With factor_time you correct the time read from the SMC file to get times consistent with your input file With factor_length you can correct the data acceleration velocity or displacement read from the SMC file to get data consistent with your input file By example if you use hour and m in your calculation then set factor_time to 3600 and set factor_length to 100 7 43 bounda_time_user index switch If switch is set to yes a user supplied routine for the time load diagram will be used See also the file user cpp in the distribution 7 44 bounda water index switch If switch is set to yes and you specify the pore pressure total_pressure as dof the pore pressure is actually determined from the height of the water column between the node and the phreatic level In fact the pore pressure is set to density_water g Az where g is the gravitational acceleration and Az is the distance to the phreatic level The water density is given by groundflow_density The gravity acceleration is given by the vertical component of force_gravity The water height is relative to the water height is given by groundflow_phreatic_level In this case the record bounda_time does not contain the actual value of the pore pressure but instead it only contains a multiplication factor for the static water pressure as calculated above This bounda_water is convenient when the phreatic level is located above the FE mesh T
278. nt scheme will be used for minimal and a ten point scheme will be used with maximal integration For other elements if minimal is used then the number of integration points in a direction is set equal to the number of nodes in the direction minus 1 and gauss integration is used If for the 226 other elements maximal is used then the number of integration points in a direction is set equal to the number of nodes in the direction gauss integration is used but in case inertia is applied then lobatto integration will be used Default minimal is used for bar2 tria3 and tet4 elements it is default maximal otherwise If type is set to normal the default integration will be used The above is valid for normal isoparametric elements For interface elements default lobatto integration is used integration points in nodes It is advised to keep the default method so not specify this group_integration_points record The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 572 group interface index switch With this record you set that the element with element group indez will act as an interface element by setting switch to yes This is available for quad4 quad6 hex8 hex18 prism6 and prism12 See group_interface_ which data can be set for interfaces In interfaces strains are displacement differences between the opposite interface sides 7 573 group interface_condif conductivity index k The index spec
279. nt_group 7 621 group_materi_failure_damage index threshold delete_time If the damage in an element exceeds threshold the element is considered to be fail The element will be slowly deleted It is totally deleted if the delete_time has passed The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 622 group_materi_failure_plasti_kappa index threshold delete_time If the plastic parameter kappa in an element exceeds threshold the element is considered to be fail The element will be slowly deleted It is totally deleted if the delete_time has passed The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 623 group materi failure rupture index threshold delete_time If the tensile strain in an element exceeds threshold the element is considered to be fail The element will be slowly deleted It is totally deleted if the delete_time has passed The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 624 group_materi_failure_void fraction index threshold delete_time If the void fraction in an element exceeds threshold the element is considered to be fail The element will be slowly deleted It is totally deleted if the delete_time has passed The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 625 group_materi_history_variable_user index switch Set switch to yes if you want to activate the user supplied routine for material history variables The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 626 g
280. nt_group element_group_0 element_group 1 l 122 TE 7 103contact_target_geometry_switch index switch ooo 123 E E E E Reig ees Goa E TE 123 10 7 106control_bounda_save index switch e 123 7 107control check data index switch o o o 123 7 108control_contact_apply index switch ooo 123 7 109control_convection_apply index switch 2 124 Se Sew Be E Soe ee a ee Gs a ee eS 124 7 114control_data_copy index data_item_from dataitem_to 244 124 7 115control_data_copy_factor index facto oo o 124 7 116control_data_copy_index index data_item_from index_from data_item_to index_to 125 7 117control_data_copy_index_factor index facto oo o 125 E 125 7 119control_data_put index data_item_name index_range number_0 number_1 125 7 120control data_put_double indez L o o o o 126 E w tego Ge ah Oe a ee ae 126 7 122control_data_save index switch o o oo ee 126 bee ses 128 Lf tebe edhe aes kod Bee dae T 128 7 130control_groundflow_consolidation_apply index switch 128 7 131control_groundflow_nonsaturated_apply index switch 129 7 132control_inertia_apply index switch_0 switch_1 129 7 133control_input index switch oaoa 129 7 134control_interface_gap_apply index switch 0 0 0 a 129 7 135control materi damage apply index switch 0 0 00 002000 129 7 136control_materi_el
281. ntegration point level Default maz_iter is 1000 This option is convenient to view plastic high risk zones in gid using a simple linear elastic calcu lation To do so perform a gravity stress calculation with all plastic data included in the input file initialise materi_plasti_f in the initialisation part and further use materi_plasti_max_iter 0 Then view in gid the contour plot of materi_plasti_f zones with high plastic f values have the highest risk of plastic failure 7 744 materi_plasti_visco_apply switch If switch is set to no any visco plasticity data in the input file will be ignored This is done for all timesteps See also control_materi_plasti_visco_apply 7 745 mesh specifier_x specifier_y specifier_z If specifier_x is set to fixed_in_space the nodal points of the mesh remain fixed in space in x direction If a specifier_x is set to follow_material the nodal points of the mesh will follow material displacements in x direction The same holds for the other directions In 1D you only need to give specifier_x etc Default each specifier is set to fixed_in_space 257 This record mesh only is used if materi_velocity is initialised If materi_displacement is initialized each specifier is automatically set to fixed_in_space 7 746 mesh_activate_gravity_element index element_range See mesh_activate_gravity_time 7 747 mesh activate gravity element group index element_group_0 element_group_1 See mesh_activa
282. nterface elements or hinge elements By example generate with GID in a 2d mesh bar elements insert group data and use control_mesh_convert to generate the interface elements This generation of interfaces only works properly if certain conditions are satisfied e Each interface needs to have only isoparametric neighbours which have a total side in common with the interface By example a hex8 interface should only have hex8 neighbours e Surfaces with interface elements should not intersect with another surface with interface elements The new generated nodes will be connected to existing neighbouring element at the interfaces The control_mesh_convert tries to do that automatically correct You can help however by specifying in the record control_mesh_convert_element_group element groups which are located at one side of the interfaces by example the groups of a pile in soil when an interface is generated between pile and soil Example in which a bar2 interface becomes a hex8 interface number_of space dimension 3 end_initia element 1 bar2 101 102 element_group 1 10 group interface 10 yes control_mesh_extrude 100 control_mesh_convert 110 yes If switch is set to no tochnog will not convert elements 134 7 150 control_mesh_convert_element_group index element_group_0 element_group_1 See control_mesh_convert 7 151 control_mesh_convert_quad9_quad6 index dir Convert quad9 into quad6 is a 2D calculation With dir
283. o 2 Cap2 plasticity model This is the second cap model that accounts for permanent plastic deformations under high pressures for granular materials It is intended to be used in combination with shear plasticity models like Drucker Prager Mohr Coulomb etc First a deviatoric stress measure t and hydrostatic stress measure p are defined t V35 P Om See above for 7 and om The yield rule for the group_materi_plasti_cap2 model reads Rt Ta 5 coso f p Pa T R c patang Here c is the cohesion and is the friction angle which should be taken equal to the values in the shear flow rule which you use The parameter p follows from 54 Dp C 1 Rtand a where the hydrostatic compression yield stress pp is to be defined with an table of volumetric plastic strains e versus pp with e el 3 As always positive strain denote extension whereas negative strains denote compression Associative flow is used so the flow rule is taken equal to the yield rule Summarizing the group_materi_plasti_cap2 model needs as input the cohesion c the friction angle the parameter a typically 1 107 up to 5 1072 and a table e versus pp Compression limiting plasticity model This group_materi_plasti_compression model uses a special definition for the equivalent stress a V min where Omin is the largest compressive principal stress The model now reads g 0y 0 This plasticity surfa
284. o add groundflow 7 525 groundflow_phreatic level multiple element index element_0 element 1 Element numbers for groundflow_phreatic_level_multiple with the same index 7 526 groundflow_phreatic level multiple element group index element_group 0 element_group_1 Element group numbers for groundflow_phreatic_level_multiple with the same index 7 527 groundflow_ phreatic level multiple element geometry index element geome element_geometry_1 Element geometry numbers for groundflow_phreatic_level_multiple with the same index 7 528 groundflow_phreatic_level_multiple_n nx ny See groundflow_phreatic_level_multiple 7 529 groundflow_phreatic_level_multiple node index node 0 node 1 Node numbers for groundflow_phreatic_level_multiple with the same index 218 7 530 groundflow_phreatic_level_multiple_static index switch If switch is set to yes total pressures pore pressures in nodes for which the groundflow_phreatic_level_mul holds will be set equal to the static pressure This is convenient if the phreatic line is located above the mesh part to which it belongs then nodes of the mesh will not get a boundary condition so that the correct hydraulic head can not be determined And thus it is necessary to determine the total pressure pore pressure from the difference of nodal coordinates and phreatic line height It is also convenient if you do not want to initialise and solve the hydraulic heads with the ground flo
285. o an output file The user can prescribe any result to be collected into an output file using control_repeat_save command e g time_current final displacement of a selected point etc 3 Repeat items 1 and 2 m times where m is a prescribed number of Monte Carlo realisations m value is specified in Tochnog input file using control_repeat command 4 Evaluate results statistically More complex statistical evaluation is done by the user calcula tion of mean value and standard deviation can be done in Tochnog using control_repeat_save_calculate command 3 7 4 Input data records A typical piece of input file could be like this print_group_data print in the gid files distributed group data so that you get a plot of it control_distribute 10 distribute something with correlation in space control_distribute_parameters 10 control_distribute_correlation_length 10 control_distribute 20 distribute something else without correlation in space control_distribute_parameters 20 control_timestep 30 do timesteps control timestep_iterations_automatic 30 with automatic timestepping 83 control_timestep_iterations_automatic_stop 30 continue don t abort the cal culation if the minimum step size is reached e g in a stability calculation control_print_data_versus_data 40 save data for repeats in a dvd file control_repeat 50 100 10 jump 100 times back to control index 10 control_repeat_save 5
286. o solver This saves much computing time for bicg especially in very large calculations This strategy normally should only be used for large linear calculations For this option always set global_element_dof_apply no 7 196 control mesh merge index switch If switch is set to yes then nodes with the same coordinates are merged into one node 7 197 control_mesh_merge_eps_coord index epsilon Distance below which nodes will be merged Default some small value 145 7 198 control_mesh_merge_macro_generate index macro_0 This record works together with the control_mesh_merge record With macro_0 etc you can specify the indices of control _mesh_macro_ or control_mesh_generate_ records Then the merging will only be done for nodes coming from the mesh generated by the macro or generate records with the specified indices 7 199 control_mesh_merge_geometry index geometry_entity_item geometry_entity_index The mesh merging from control_mesh_merge with the same index will only be used for nodes in the geometry specified by geometry_entity_item geometry_entity_indez 7 200 control mesh merge geometry_not index geometry_entity_item geome try_entity_index The mesh merging from control_mesh_merge with the same index will not be used for nodes in the geometry specified by geometry_entity_item geometry_entity_indez 7 201 control mesh multiply index number_of multiplcations The mesh is multiplied number_of_multiplcations times In e
287. ocated on the geometry_quadrilateral 10 but at the same time are also a node of elements of one of the specified element groups element_group_0 element_group_1 etc belong to the geometry Nodes which are not a node of elements of one of the groups do not belong to the geometry even if such nodes are located on the geometry_quadrilateral 10 See also geometry_element_group_method 209 7 485 geometry_element_group_method index method With this record you can set the method that the geometry_element_group record uses If method is set to all then a node should be attached to all the specified element groups to be part of the geometry If method is set to any then a node should be attached to any of the specified element groups to be part of the geometry If method is set to only then a node should be attached to only the specified element groups to be part of the geometry Default if method is not specified then any is assumed 7 486 geometry_ellipse index x_c y_c a b tolerance The coordinate of the center is zc y c The equation for the ellipse is 2 2 TPO po HEN sa AE Other data items can check if nodes are located on this geometry The ellipse can only be used in 2D All node within a distance tolerance of the ellipse are considered to be part of the ellipse 7 487 geometry_hexahedral index x 0 y_0 20 x1 y_1 21 1 2 y2 z2 t3 y3 z3 TA Y4 Z4 2 9 YI 25 6 y_6 276 2 7 yT 27 This data item defines a hexahedral in space Other
288. ocity materi_stress condif_temperature end_initia type 0 materi condif 306 group_materi_elasti_young 0 group_materi_expansion 0 group_materi_memory 0 updated group_condif_conductivity 0 9 5 Restart a calculation You can use a dbs file to restart a calculation In fact a dbs file is an input file itself It contains the record icontrol which contains the last control index actually performed with the previous calculation You can add more control_ records and start the file again it will then continue with these new control_ records You cannot use dbs files with contain control_repeat for restarting a calculation 307 10 Final topics input trouble save memory cpu time 10 1 Environment symbols Records with a length of 1 and no index you can also set via an environment symbol You need to use capital characters in doing so Typical examples are e PROCESSORS 4 e PRINT_GID_CALCULATION no e PRINT_GMSH_CALCULATION yes e PRINT_NODE_GEOMETRY_PRESENT yes In windows set environment symbols in your advanced system settings In a linux bash shell set environment symbols in your bashrc file eg export PROCESSORS 4 10 2 Checking your geometry_ records Set print_node_geometry_present yes and set print_element_geometry_present yes Then look with gmsh if the geometries are like you want 10 3 Continuing an analysis e Copy the database from the previous calculation to a new file e g new dat
289. odel 147 7 217control_mesh_renumber_element_geometry _offset index offset 147 14 7 218control_mesh_renumber_element_group_offset indez offset 147 7 219control_mesh_rotate indez n o 147 7 220control_mesh_rotate_angle index angle o o oo a 148 7 221control_mesh_split index switch oo o 148 7 222control mesh_split_element_from index name oo o 148 7 223control_mesh_split_element_to index namel 2 o o 148 7 224control_mesh_split_only index geometry_entity geometry_entity_inde 148 7 225control mesh_truss distribute_mpc index switch o o o o oo 148 7 226control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_air indez switch 2 150 7 227control_mesh_truss_distribute_mpc_dof dof_0 dof_1 7 236control_mpc_element_group_frequency _timeinterval index timeinterval 151 7 23 control_ mpc element_group frequency timestep index timestep 151 7 238control_plasti_apply index switch o o 151 7 239control_post index switch oaoa a a 151 7 240control_post_element_force index switch 0 00 0000 eee eee 151 7 241control_print index data_item_name_0 data_ttem_name_1 152 7 242control_print_beam_force_moment index switch ooo oo 152 A a ok ge AR E oo he A Oe ee aed Goo we we Sle 152 7 244control print_beam_force_moment_switch index switch 152 7 245control_print_database index stc 152 15 7 246con
290. of This option allows you to switch the element_group from group_0 to group_1 depending on the value of dof which is one of the items of dof label or post_calcul_label If the value is higher than critical_dof value any element_group group_0 is switched to group_1 If the group in an element is switched the element becomes active again only after a time lap time_lap in the time in between the element is empty Unknowns can optionally be set to 0 when an element group changes use for the corresponding switch in area_ element_group dof_ reset a yes For dof s that don t need to be reset you need to use a no If you specify the area_element_group_dof reset a switch needs to be specified for each and every dofin dot label Unknowns are listed in dof_label As a typical application this option can be used to give an element other group properties if plasticity strains exceed a critical limit by example in modeling propagation of cracks in concrete 7 14 area element group dof parameters index critical_dof value time_lap See area _element_group dof 7 15 area_element_group dof reset index switch_0 switch_1 See area_element_group dof 7 16 area_node_dataitem index geometry_entity_item geometry_entity_index data_item_nan This record is used to generate data_item_name records on all nodes located on the specified geomet rical entity The values for the data_item_name should be specified in the area node_dataitem_double record fo
291. of post_calcul_label eg aept Otherwise number_0 should be an integer specifying the number of the value in the record for instance number 2 means the third value The following history is printed in the file node_dof_112_temp his control_print_history 0 node_dof 112 temp 7 286 control print_interface stress index switch 2D analysis This option prints in 2D the interface stresses through a set of interfaces starting at place T start Ystart and ending at Lend Yena aS specified in control _print_interface_stress_coordinates The switch needs to be set to separate_index or separate_sequential The stresses are printed in the file interface_stress index The first column in the file is the distance from the start point The following columns contain interface_sign and interface_sigt A line is written for each node of each interface element Crossing interfaces are not allowed From the start point up to the end point the interfaces needs to be connected without gaps 164 8D analysis This option prints in 3D the average interface stresses in the middle of interface elements The switch needs to be set to separate_index or separate_sequential The interface element mid dles and average stresses are printed in the file interface_stress index The first three columns in the file are the coordinates of the middle of the interface element The following columns contain inter face_sign and interface_sigtl and interface_sigt2 A lin
292. of the granular material with a factor 2 3 This is done for group_materi_plasti_camclay if specified by reducing M with a factor 2 3 This is done for group_materi_plasti_tension if specified by reducing sigy with a factor 2 3 This is done for group_materi_plasti_hypo_ if specified by reducing the deviatoric stress increments with a factor 2 3 With group_0 group_1 etc you can specify the groups of the concrete material steel material etc The reduction of the friction angle and dilatancy angle will only be applied to the granular elements of element_group which are a direct neighbor of an element which has one of the groups group_0 group_1 etc Please realise that this method only works well if the finite elements are not too large The index specifies the element_group of the granular material see element_group See also group_materi_plasti_element_group_factor 7 651 group_materi_plasti_element_group factor index factor_0 factor_1 With this record you can specify a factor other then the default 2 3 used by the group_materi_plasti_elemer record You need to specify a factor for each group The index specifies the element_group of the granular material see element_group 7 652 group_materi_plasti_generalised_non_associate_cam_clay_for_bonded_soils index Yield data for the Generalised Non Associate Cam Clay for Bonded Soils plasticity model The index specifies the element_group see element_
293. og plots the beam result already as scalar values for each beam element 7 265 control print gid beam vectors normal index normal_x normal_y nor mal_z This record gives you the possibility to influence the plane in which the moment vectors generated by the control_print_gid_beam_vectors will be plotted In fact this control_print_gid_beam_vectors_nor specifies the normal to the plotting plane If this control print_gid_beam_vectors_normal is not specified then O O 1 is taken as normal 160 7 266 control_print_gid_contact_spring2 index number_of_nodes Set number_of_nodes to 2 if you want to draw contact_spring2 with two nodes and to 1 if you want to draw contact_spring2 with one node Default if control_print_gid_contact_spring2 is not specified then 1 node is used 7 267 control print gid coord index switch If switch is set to yes the coordinates of nodes is plotted in gid If switch is set to no the coordinates of nodes is not plotted in gid Default switch is set to yes 7 268 control_print_gid_dof index initialisation name 0 initialisation_name_1 When you specify this record only the solution fields initialisation_name_0 initialisation_name_1 etc will be printed to the gid files So the files become smaller in size This is especially convenient for very large calculations The names initialisation_name_O0 initialisation_name_1 are names from the initialisation part like condif_temperature materi_velocity materi_stress
294. ogy ISBN 90 9007034 6 3 C di Prisco 1993 Studio sperimentale e modellazione matematica del comportamento anisotropo delle sabbie PhD thesis in geotechnical engineering Politecnico di Milano Italy 4 M M Farias and D J Naylor 1998 Safety Analysis Using Finite Elements Computers and Geotechnics Vol 22 No 2 165 181 5 Fenton G A 1994 Error evaluation of three random field generators Journal of Engineering Mechanics ASCE 120 12 2487 2497 6 Griffiths D V Fenton G A 2004 Probabilistic slope stability analysis by finite elements Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 130 5 507 518 7 C di Prisco R Nova and J Lanier 1993 A mixed isotropic kinematic hardening constitutive law for sand Modern Approaches to Plasticity Ed Kolymbas 83 124 8 P V Lade and R B Nelson 1987 Modelling the elastic behaviour of granular materials Int Jour Num Anal Meth Geomech Vol 2 521 542 9 Libor Jendele and Jan Cervenka 2006 Finite element modeling of reinforcement with bond Computers and Structures 84 2006 1780 1791 10 Masin D 2005 A hypoplastic constitutive model for clays International J Numer Anal Meth Geomech 2005 29 311 336 11 Masin D 2007 A hypoplastic constitutive model for clays with meta stable structure Canadian Geotechnical Journal 44 No 3 363 375 12 Matsuoka H Nakai T 1977 Stress strain relationship of soil based on the SMP Proc Specialty Session 9 IX ICSMFE Tokyo 153 162 13 Ma
295. oi aaa od be Sawa a a ob es 60 LOS ARA BE E ee Ae ore Be HE 60 Te Se ee Be ees ee ee ea gg ee se eee E 62 yi we he Re ok Be era ed Rt Se ale y ee a 63 A ee a E EEE 64 Intergranular strains extension 00000000008 65 Pressure dependent initial void ratio extension 66 9 20 UaMape ciao ase kde Pb ee BR RR De ee a a BR ae am a 66 KaR RR a E gad a RRC KR RR RRR E e 66 3 2 6 Average stress hydrostatic compressibility 66 C 66 bie Gta eo ea Bee ee 67 ee ee ye Se ee a Se ee e e 67 3 2 8 Thermal stresses o e 67 sta E E hee sas 67 3 2 9 Hyper elasticity aae KKR RRR ee 68 Sade GSO em war E Dk er gy eel APE Oe ee eo 68 eed o A Pee ee heh et 68 E E E ees 68 ADA IA e Se eee ae A 68 i eens BOP RE AE ARD TOLA R a r E L S 68 SPORE eS 2S oH ose CO A ke eS 69 3 2 10 Viscoelasticity e s s a csd taas seoa ee eRe ee ee 70 E Taa A ie 4 70 3 2 1 Viscoplasticity s s riera a been A wate aw Re Yo 70 Sse ee oe ee A ek chet eee tg eee Bee 70 aos Gedy By e See ee as ech iaa aay eee ae amp a 70 32 12 ViSGOSity e anar i g bon a Pa eee ee Bhd aa Ree Eos 70 eee eee ere Tee 70 8 3 B nd SP ca oS lene wot ae ge OR eR Pe ole ee ee aua i ee OO ee Gd 72 3 3 1 Bond slip displacements 0 000002 eee ee 72 3 3 2 Bond slip CEB FIP 1990 Model Code 90 o o 72 Kaiia Oo OD BAe ee ee he Sue wits Boe A A 72 A A eS A ra hg cee A es ae 73 3 4 1 Penalty formul
296. ol_timestep 0 0 1 10 0 control_print 0 time_current node_dof control_print_database 1 separate_index control_timestep 2 0 2 10 0 control_print 2 time_current node_dof end_data Note how the indices of control items like control_timestep and control_print are used to control the sequence of events First index 0 time steps of size 0 1 are taken and for each time step results are printed Then inder 1 the database is printed which can serve as a point of restart Finally index 2 time steps of size 0 2 are taken and for each time step results are printed Define blocks 97 You can define a word to represent a set of strings For each word defined you need to specify a start_define end_define block Within the block you first specify the word and then you specify the set of strings Later in the data part you can use the defined words as the replacement of the set of strings Example start_define velocity 1 34 end_define start_define left_edge geometry_line 1 end_define left_edge 0 0 0 10 1 e 4 bounda_dof 1 left_edge velx bounda_time 1 0 0 100 velocity The words plus minus multiply and divide as used in arithmetic blocks are prohibited in define blocks Include files You can use include filename in the data part to request that the file with name filename is included This is handy to include often used data parts or include a mesh generated by a pre processor etc The included file its
297. ometry entity will be used The generated springs will get an element_group record with value element_group So in that element group you can put the properties of the contact springs With the control_mesh_generate_contact_spring_element record you can set between which elements the contact_springs should be generated For example use quad4 and truss_beam if you want to generate contact_springs between those elements If control_mesh_generate_contact_spring_element_group with the same index is used con tact springs will only be generated between elements of the groups element_group_0 element_group_1 etc 139 7 175 control_mesh_generate_contact_spring_element index element_0 ele ment_1 See control mesh _generate_contact_spring 7 176 control_mesh_generate_contact_spring_element_group index element_group_0 element_group_1 See control_mesh_generate_contact_spring 7 177 control_mesh_ generate interface index element_group_0 element_group_00 element_group_01 element_group_1 element_group_10 element_group _11 With this record you can generate interface elements The interface elements will be given an element_group record element_group 0 if the inter face is between element_group_00 and element_group_01 The interface elements will be given an element_group record element_group_1 if the interface is between element_group_10 and ele ment_group_11 The interface elements will be given an element_group record element_gro
298. ometry_entity_index data_item_namelL03 7 17 area_node_dataitem_double index value_0 value o l 104 eos 104 Da Gas 104 Soh bali A bk Ge Beth 105 S 105 7 22 bounda_constant index switch 2 ee 105 7 23 bounda_dof index node_range dof_0 dof_1 2 0 0 0 00 ee ee 106 7 24 bounda_dof_cylindrical index x first y first z first x_ second y_second z_second 107 da EA A AA ee UE a 107 7 26 bounda_factor indez ag lr 107 E fete eek ae Bee 108 Bose Re ae Av Ga Gourde eee A x 108 Het Bad Be A Ante ect ALA Ea 108 book hash hac Beg gus ROE Bod Bee Ee t 108 7 31 bounda_print_mesh_dof_geometry geometry_item_name geometry_item_indez 109 7 32 bounda_print_mesh_dof_values value_dof_0 value_dof_1 109 7 33 bounda save index switch 0 o 109 7 34 bounda_sine index start_time end_time freq_0 amp_0 freg_1 amp_1 109 TTT 109 a LD eek a de Poe ct a E 109 ag ise alin A ean an Sw ns Re N 110 Migs Gk om Sou eeu Gee ee 110 7 39 bounda_time_units factor_time factor_length 0 0 00 00 eee 110 7 40 bounda_time smc index switch 2 ee 110 Svea ee eg a a kw EO He aes 111 7 42 bounda_time_smc_units factor_time factor_lengthl 0204 112 7 43 bounda_time_user inder suitCh o o e ee 112 7 44 bounda_ water index switch 1 oo 112 7 48 change_dataitem_time_discrete index suitCh oo o o 113 E ts R 79 113 7 50 change_dataitem_time_user index switch oo
299. ometry_item_name_0 geometry_item_index_0 geometry_item_name_1 geometry_item_index_1 This record lists for element index the geometries in which it is present So it is a print record only for checking if the geometries include exactly the elements that you want You can switch on or off filling of these records by setting print_element_geometry_present to yes or no 7 384 element group index element_group This data item is specified which element data items should be taken for the element index Ex ample elements 0 and 1 get density 1024 while element 2 gets density 1236 element 0 0 1 2 element 1 1 2 3 element 2 2 3 4 element_group O 1 element_group 1 1 element_group 2 2 density 1 1024 density 2 1236 If no element_group records are specified all element data should use index is 0 See also area_element_group and element_geometry 7 385 element_hinge force index force After the calculation this record will be filled with the normal force in a hinge element The index specifies the hinge element number 192 7 386 element_hinge_moment index moment After the calculation this record will be filled with the moment in a hinge element The index specifies the hinge element number 7 387 element_hinge_plasti_status index status After the calculation this record will be filled with the plastic status in a hinge element The status is either elastic of plastic The index specifies the hinge element number
300. ometry_line or so to specify that the new elements should be generated between the two meshes this is so since the nodes of both meshes are located on the geometry_line With the present control_mesh_generate_truss_beam_macro record however you can specify that the new elements should only be generated by looking at the nodes of some of the meshes and so no double new elements will be generated in between the two meshes 142 7 185 control_mesh_generate_truss_beam_separate index switch This record works together with the control_mesh_generate_truss control_mesh_generate_beam and control_mesh_generate_truss_beam records If switch is set to yes the truss or beam of truss_beam will be generated for separate regions not necessary connected by isoparametric finite elements A typical example is the generation of exactly one truss between two end points thus no trusses along all of the isoparametric elements between the end points For this put the end points in a geometry set and also use yes for this control_mesh_generate_truss_beam_separate record 7 186 control_mesh_interface_triangle index switch See mesh_interface_triangle_coordinates 7 187 control_mesh_keep_element index element_0 element_1 With this option you can delete all elements except for the elements with numbers element_0 element_1 etc This enables you to clearly view some specific elements and nodes in a plot 7 188 control mesh keep element group inde
301. on A smaller factor means smaller elements The relative size of the factor determines where elements are concentrated at the start or at the end 7 193 control_mesh_macro_element index element_type With this option you can set the element type which will be generated with control_mesh_macro with the same index This option is only available in 2d and 3d For element you can use tria3 tria6 quad4 and quad9 in 2d For element you can use tet4 tet10 hex8 and hex27 in 2d If this record is not specified then bar2 1d quad4 2d or hex8 3d will be generated Attention in case you choose a quadratic element the macro geometry may not be exactly followed In this case leave the default linear elements and use a global mesh refinement to quadratic elements afterwards including the geometry to follow 144 7 194 control_mesh_macro_parameters index T y With this record you can specify the dimensions of the control_mesh_macro region For a sphere you need to specify the x y z coordinates of the middle of the sphere and the radius of the sphere For a cylinder you need to specify the x y z coordinates at the start of the cylinder the x y z coordinates at the end of the cylinder the radius the start angle and the end angle in degrees which allows for an open section For a cylinder_hollow you need to specify the x y z coordinates at the start of the cylinder the x y z coordinates at the end of the cy
302. on is only available for linear and quadratic isoparametric elements Attention if this option is used INSIDE a FE mesh then the elements on each side will get the distributed heat So the total heat flux will normally become zero since the normals of the elements at the side of the geometry are opposite 7 69 condif_heat_edge_normal_element index element_0 element_1 Restricts the elements to which the condif_heat_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied 7 70 condif heat edge normal element group index element_group_0 element_group_1 Restricts the element groups to which the condif_heat_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied 7 71 condif_heat_edge_normal_element_node index element node_0 node_1 Selects the element and local node numbers for which the condif_heat_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied 7 72 condif_heat_edge_normal_element_node_factor index factory factor Nodal multiplication factors with which the condif_heat_edge_normal will be applied to the element of condif_heat_edge_normal_element_node You need to specify a factor for each node on the side Here factory is the multiplication factor for the first node on the side etc 7 73 condif heat edge normal element side index element_0 element_1 side Selects the elements and local side number for which the condif heat_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied 7 74 condif heat_edge_normal f
303. on which allows for specifi cation of the direction for each element separately As yet another alternative you can set switch in group_contact_spring_direction_automatic to yes Then the contact spring will automatically determine the directions 7 550 group_contact_spring_direction_automatic index switch See group_contact_spring direction 7 551 group_contact_spring_plasti_cohesion indez c The normal contact force Fy is not allowed to become larger then cohesion c in tension positive values of Fy If it would become larger then the contact is broken a gap is assumed and the contact force Fy is put to 0 To have really a positive Fy for extension of the contact spring the order of the two nodes as specified in the element record for the contact spring should be correct Notice that when you use control_mesh_generate_contact_spring to obtain the contact spring elements you are not sure what the first and what the second node of an element will be and thus you should not use this group_contact_spring_ cohesion record Otherwise it is not important what you use as first and second node so that control_mesh_generate_contact_spring can be used safely If this group_contact_spring_plasti_cohesion is not specified infinite cohesion is assumed The index specifies the element_group see element_group 222 7 552 group_contact_spring_plasti_friction index f With this record you can specify a fixed friction coefficient for contact s
304. on_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied This is only available for linear elements The node_0 etc specifies the global node numbers 7 95 contact_apply index switch If switch is set to yes the contact algorithm is used If switch is set to no the contact algorithm is not used This is done for all timestep records See also control_contact_apply 7 96 contact_heat_generation factor This factor specifies how much of the frictional energy is transformed into heat this only makes sense if friction in contact _plasti_friction is not zero and if condif temperature is initialized The factor should be between 0 and 1 See also contact_target_geometry 7 97 contact penalty pressure pressure_penalty The pressure_penalty should be given some high value if the pressure is freely linked at the surfaces of contactor and target See also contact_target_geometry 7 98 contact_penalty_ temperature temperature_penalty The temperature_penalty should be given some high value if free heat exchange between contactor and target is possible See also contact_target_geometry 7 99 contact_penalty_velocity velocity_penalty The velocity_penalty essentially puts a spring between the contactor and the target if penetration occurs Iterations see control _timestep_iterations are needed more iterations are needed if the penalty factor is higher See also contact_target_geometry 7 100 contact plasti friction friction See con
305. ontains the factors with which the groundflow_flux_edge_normal record with the same index is applied Linear interpolation is used to extend the time load values to the intervals between these pairs Outside the specified time range a factor 0 is used If this record is not specified the flux is applied at all times with a factor 1 7 519 groundflow_nonsaturated_apply index switch If switch is set to no then nonsaturated groundflow data eg van Genuchten will not be applied only saturated data will be used This is done for all timesteps Default switch is yes 7 520 groundflow_phreatic_bounda switch If method is set to yes the phreatic level is used to automatically prescribe the hydraulic head of nodes which are located on or above the phreatic level Default if groundflow_phreatic_bounda is not specified method is set to yes 7 521 groundflow_phreatic_level Groundwater level In a 1D calculation this record should be given x value of the groundwater level The groundwater is below that x value 216 In a 2D calculation this record should be given sets of x y which specify the y level of the groundwater at several x locations In 2D you need to give the x y sets as follows e specify x y sets for increasing x In 3D the phreatic line is specified as follows Denote the lowest x with x_0 the next higher x with x_l etc Denote the lowest y with y_0 the next higher y with y_1 etc Denote the phreatic l
306. ontrol_data_copy_index 7 118 control_data_delete index data_item_name index_range Delete one or more data items The index_range is a number e g 3 or a range ra ra or all If index data_item_name is a nodal item for example node or node_dof then indez_range can also be a geometrical entity for example geometry_line 1 or so and the item will be deleted for nodes located on the geometrical entity If index data_item_name is a element item then indez_range can also be a geometrical entity for example geometry_line 1 or so and the item will be deleted for elements with all nodes located on the geometrical entity In the example below element 1 10 and nodes 1 100 are deleted after some time in the calculation this simulates dismantling a part of a structure somewhere in its lifetime First time steps with the total structure are taken then a part of the structure is dismantled then time steps with the remaining part of the structure are taken control_timestep 10 control_data_delete 20 element ra from 1 to 10 ra control_data_delete 21 node ra from 1 to 100 ra control_timestep 30 If an element or node is deleted then also the corresponding records will be deleted See also control_data_put 7 119 control_data_put index data_item_name index_range number_0 number_1 Puts one or more data items The index_range is a number e g 3 or a range ra ra or all The all option for index_ran
307. ontrol_timestep 1 1 100 control_print 1 post_line_dof The coordinates are defined in the initial mesh See also post_line_n and post_line_operat 7 826 post line operat index operat If operat is set to average then the average is calculated for the post_line record with the same index If operat is set to sum then the sum is calculated for the post_line record with the same index If this post_line_operat is not specified then operat is set to average 7 827 post line dof index dof_0 dof_1 Average dofvalues at a selected line See post_line 7 828 post_line_dof_calcul See post_calcul 7 829 post_line_n index n Use n post_point records to evaluate the dof s along the line Default n is 5 See post_line 7 830 post_node index data_item operat geometry_entity_name geometry_entity_index If operat is set to sum results for the nodal data_item are summed If operat is set to average results for the nodal data_item are averaged For example you can take for data_item the node_rhside data item In this way you can sum the external nodal forces on a part of the domain This operation is done for nodes which are placed on the geometrical entity geometry_entity_name geometry_entity_index Instead of a geometrical entity you can also use all to tell that all nodes should be used Instead of a geometrical entity you can also use ra ra to tell that the nodes of the range should be used The result of this post
308. oo 114 7 51 check data switch 2 o 114 17 92 Check error switch e 114 7 93 check element_node index switch o o ee 114 LE e Rs 114 7 55 check memory index switch o o 115 7 56 check_memory_usage index switch oo 115 a A de a a 115 7 58 Check Dan switch a 115 da la Geis o A a as wheres gah A A 115 7 60 check_warning stc 115 condif_heat_edge_normal_node index node_0 node_1 node_2 7 77 condif_heat_edge_normal_sine index start_time end_time freq_0 amp_0 freq_1 amp_1 7 78 condif_heat_edge_normal_time index time load time load bg o OS ds oR e A 118 Rui end R da 118 7 81 condif_heat_volume_element_group index element_group 119 7 82 condif_heat_volume_factor inder ao a Aal o o o a 119 7 87 condif_heat_volume_user_parameters indez ooo a a 00005 119 7 88 condif radiation edge normal indera Tl 120 7 89 condif_radiation_edge_normal_element index element_0 element_1 7 90 condif_radiation_edge_normal_element_node index element node_0 node_1 7 94 condif_radiation_edge_normal_node index node_0 node_1 7 95 contact_apply index switch o ooa a 121 pS AA ate en Be 121 7 97 contact_penalty_pressure pressure_penalty o ooo a a 121 7 98 contact_penalty temperature temperature_penaltY o o oo 121 7 99 contact_penalty_velocity velocity_penaltY o oo 121 ia PS GOA A a amp etka 121 7 101contact_target_eleme
309. oordinate 6 group_condif_flow in direction k group_condif conduct in direction a group_condif_absorption f condif_heat_volume Typical applications are heat conduction and heat conduction in a flow 3 1 2 Convection to environment de Qe T a Te Here q is the condif_convection_edge_normal heat flux a is the convection coefficient and Te is the environmental temperature for convection 3 1 3 Radiation to environment dr a T TF Here qr is the condif_radiation_edge_normal heat flux r is the radiation coefficient and T is the environmental temperature for radiation 4T 3 2 Material deformation and flow Osi p Tii 4 1 BT pg dvi fi Notations p group_materi_density v materi_velocity in 7 direction o materi_stress ma trix x space coordinate group_materi_expansion_volume T optional condif_temperature gi force_gravity d is the group_materi_damping coefficient f force_volume The equation is given for space coordinates following the material velocities v TOCHNOG allows you to build your favorite material by adding separate contributions to the stresses gij In this way you can build solids or fluids or things in between The separate contri butions will be listed below First two typical examples are given Nearly incompressible Navier Stokes materi_velocity materi_stress end_initia mesh fixed_in_space fixed_in_space timestep_predict_velocity 0 yes group_type
310. or bar2 bar3 tria3 tria6 tet4 and tet10 elements there should be no other elements in the mesh See the rules for old and new at control_mesh_refine_globally 7 205 control_mesh_refine_locally_dof index dof With dof you can set which dofwill be used for deciding if an element should be refined The size of the doffield will be used Possibilities for dof are materi_damage materi_displacement materi_plasti_kappa materi_plasti_kappa_shear materi_strain_elasti materi_strain_plasti materi_strain_total materi_stress materi_velocity materi_void_fraction and As a special option you can set dof to nothing then an element is refined always For finding localization zones e g shear bands choosing materi_strain_plasti or materi damage seems to be most robust See also control_mesh_refine_locally_geometry 147 7 206 control_mesh refine_locally_geometry index geometry_entity_item geometry_entity_index This record can be used together with the control_mesh_refine_locally record with the same index If all nodes of an element edge is part of the geometrical entity the new generated nodes are also placed on that geometrical entity This typically is used to follow curved edges of the domain 7 207 control_mesh_refine_locally_minimal_size index minimal_size Element with minimal size below the specified minimal_size will not be refined The minimal element size is defined as the largest node distanc
311. or the post_point_dof record with index 0 and the 0 th number which is the first value so the average of the stresses For data that is not present Tochnog will print a 0 See also control_print 155 7 248 control_print_dof index switch Results for the primary dof s will be printed including also the coordinates at which the results hold Also results for node_dof_calcul records will be printed The printed files will contain lines like x y z and dof where dof is the dof e g temp In 1D only x will be printed etc If switch is set to separate_index the filenames will be like dof indez If switch is set to separate_sequential then the filenames will be sequentially numbered like dof 0 dof 1 etc 7 249 control_print_dof_line index switch This control_print_dof_line record together with the control_print_dof_line_coordinates and control_print_dof_line_n records print values of the node_dof records and node_dof_calcul records along a line in space to files The start point of the first line segment is given by 1 0 y 0 z_0 and the end point of the first line segment is given by z_1 y_1 z_1 the start point of the second line segment is given by 1 1 y_1 z1 and the end point of the second line segment is given by 1 2 y_2 z_2 etc In 1D only the x coordinates of the start point and end point need to be specified etc The parameter n determines how many points will be printed along the line The printed files will
312. or is specified This geometry_cylinder_part_start_vector should be specified per pendicular to the cylinder axes This geometry_cylinder_part_start_vector should be exactly in the middle of the angle range that you want to select With geometry_cylinder_part_start_vector only one angle range is allowed and the start angle should be 0 All nodes with an angle smaller or equal to the end angle are accepted as valid thus you get a total angle range of twice the end angle size as valid range If geometry_cylinder_part_start_vector is not specified the geometry_cylinder_part should be either along the x direction y direction or z direction then the angle is measured relative to the axes by example for a cylinder along the z direction the angle starts at the x axes All node within a distance tolerance of the radius and inside a valid part are considered to be part of the cylinder part 7 479 geometry_cylinder_part_start_vector index v_z vy vz See geometry_cylinder_part 7 480 geometry_cylinder_segment index x_0 y 0 2 0 x1 y_1 21 radius side_x side_y side_z tolerance This data item defines a cylindrical segment in space Other data items can check if nodes are located on this geometry The coordinate of the center point at the bottom is z_0 y_0 z_0 The 208 coordinate of the center point at the top is 1_1 y_1 21 If side_x is set to a positive value say 1 then only x values larger then z_c are considered to be part of the geometry
313. orce direction include should be specified not both The element_group 0 element_group_1 of this post_calcul_materi_stress_force_element_group specify the groups of isoparametric elements for which the forces and moments should be deter mined by Tochnog Summary of conditions for the post_calcul materi_stress force option to work well e Only 1 element in thickness direction e Elements in 3D should be regular shaped in length direction That is the element sides perpendicular to the length direction should be completely parallel e At least 1 timestep should be done since element forces needed for this option are setup in a timestep 271 7 803 post_calcul_materi_stress_force_reference_point 2 0 y_0 z0 1 1 y_1 Bods nai See first post_calcul_materi_stress_force_element_group For example tunnels typically are of circular or piecewise circular geometry To get a correct direction of the calculated forces and moments Tochnog needs to know the approximate middle point of the tunnel so that it can put all negative forces and moments and positive forces and moments consistently outwards or inwards in thickness direction of the structure Thus you need to specify with this post_calcul_materi_stress_force_reference_point record the approximate middle point of the tunnel that you are evaluating for each of the element groups In case you have a sheet pile you should specify a reference point on a large perpendicular distance away f
314. ord_x_0 coord_y 0 coord_2_0 are the coordinates of the first corner point coord_x_1 coord_y_1 coord_z_1 are the coordinates of the second corner point and coord_x_2 coord_y_2 coord_z_2 are the coordinates of the third corner point The combination of all triangles specifies the plane which will be intersected with the 3d tet4 mesh to generate the interface elements With mesh _interface_triangle_ element_group you specify the group which will be attributed to the interface elements With control_mesh_interface_triangle you specify the control index for which the generation should be done A typical input file looks like group type 1 materi group interface 1 yes group interface_materi_memory 1 total linear group interface_materi_elasti_stiffness 1 1 e11 0 5e11 0 5e11 mesh_interface_triangle_coordinates 0 0 0 6 100 0 0 6 0 100 0 6 mesh_interface_triangle_element_group 1 control_mesh_interface_triangle 10 yes 7 759 mesh interface triangle element_group index element_group See mesh_interface_triangle_coordinates 260 7 760 mpc_element_group index element_group_0 element_group_1 Each node of element of group element_group 0 that is also located in an element of group ele ment_group_1 will be tied to that group by means of multi point constraints The multi point constrains will be consistent with the shape functions at the specific isoparametric coordinates of the location of that node in the element of group element_g
315. ou can restrict with post_element_force_normal with the same index that the post_element_force is only evaluated for elements in positive normal direction dir_normal_x dir_normal_y dir_normal_z If you don t specify post_element_force_normal elements on both sides will be used if present You can require by setting the switch in post_element_force_force with the same index that also the external forces like gravity and edge loads etc are added to the result You can require by setting the switch in post_element_force_inertia with the same index that also the inertia forces is added to the result 274 If you are not hapy with the sign or units with which the forces are calculated you can use a multiply factor in post_element_force_multiply_factor with the same index to get what you want Please realise that in calculation with groundwater the calculated forces contain the force due to effective stresses and also due to groundwater total pressure pore pressure We now give some examples for a 2D vertical pile driven into the soil in a dynamic inertia calculation and including gravity force_gravity and an external force force_element_edge at the top of the pile Below z_pile is the x coordinate at the middle of the pile y pile_middle is the y coordinate at the middle of the pile y_pile_bottom is the y coordinate at the bottom of the pile and pile_group is the group number of the pile The force in a cross section force resul
316. oup_materi_plasti_visco_power_value index no Po m p 246 7 691group_materi_plasti_vonmises index sigmayo lt lt lt o 246 7 692group_materi_plasti_vonmises_nadai index C ko l 246 7 693group_materi_stokes index switch oo o 247 7 694group_materi_umat index switch o o 247 FEOS group materi umat parameters nda TTT T 247 7 696group_materi_umat_pardiso_decompose index switch 247 ee ee eee ree 247 See ee eee ee eee ed re 247 ee eee 247 verre ee eter et Te 247 7 701group_materi_viscosity_heatgeneration switch 24 248 7 702group_materi_viscosity_user index switch 2 oo 248 7 703group_plasti_apply index switch oo o 248 EP ee Bae EME OR AT TET eee R TE le eo 248 7 705group _spherical index switch o o 248 7 06group_spring direction index dir_x dir_y dir_z 248 7 07group_spring memory index memory_type 2 a e 248 7 708group _spring_plasti index Fyl o o o o oo e 248 7 709group spring stiffness index kL 249 7 710group spring_stifiness_nonlinear index epsilono ko epsilon k 249 7 711group time index birth death oo 249 7 7112group time fill index birth_empty birth_filled death o o o o o o o oo 249 a A or dde Me 249 7 714group_truss_bond_slip_ceb_fip_1990 indez s_1 s_2 s_8 tau_maz tau_f alpha 249 7 7115group _truss_bond slip _diagram index s_0 tau_b 0 s_1 tau_b 1 250 7 716grou
317. outines or otherwise 5 15 materi_maxwell stress number_of_chains Maxwell stress 011 0127 013 0927 0337 033 is added to the node_dof records The param eter number_of chains should match data item group_materi_maxwell_chains The number of maxwell stresses is 6 number_of_chains 5 16 materi_plasti_camclay_history The history variables ey and po for the camclay plasticity models are added to the node_dof records 5 17 materi_plasti_cap1_history The history variable pe for the cap1 plasticity models is added to the node_dof records 5 18 materi_plasti_diprisco_history number_of_history_variables The history variable di Prisco plasticity models are added to the node_dof records For the group_materi_plasti_diprisco model you need to set number_of_history_variables to 11 For the group_materi_plasti_diprisco_density model you need to set number_of_history_variables to 12 5 19 materi_plasti_f The plastic yield rule f is added to the node_dof records This should only be used for elasto plastic calculations and not for visco plastic calculations 5 20 materi_plasti_f nonlocal The nonlocal plastic yield rule fn is added to the node_dof records See also nonlocal 88 5 21 materi_plasti_generalised_non_associate_cam_clay_for_bonded_soils_history The history variables for the Generalised Non Associate Cam Clay for Bonded Soils plasticity model are added to the node_dof records 5 22 materi_plasti_hardsoil_his
318. p only about 10 percent of an element gets filled This option comes handy to slowly build dams or so starting at the bottom and building upwards to the top If mesh_activate_gravity_method is set to method1 before the element start time of activa tion the element is not active in the calculation After the element end time of activation the element is fully active in the calculation Between these times the element is active but the gravity is O at the element start time of activation the gravity gets its full value at the element end time of activation and the gravity is interpolated in between With this method1 the displacements for activated nodes are 0 at the moment of activation and grow later in time Thus the displacements in the activation area are relative to the moment of material activation and not relative to the moment of start of the calculation If mesh_activate_gravity_method is set to method2 before the element start time of activa tion the element is active in the calculation but has no gravity force yet After the element end time of activation the element is fully active in the calculation with full gravity force Between these times the element is active but the gravity is 0 at the element start time of activation the gravity gets its full value at the element end time of activation and the gravity is interpolated in between With this method2 the displacements for activated nodes are not 0 at the moment of
319. p_truss_density index p o ooa 250 31 7 17group_truss_elasti_elongation_force_diagram index LU F_0 1 F_1 250 oh Seah ee RT he ae ha al de ek a 250 Phe ap ee MS a ha dee Ae es 250 7 20group_truss_initial_force index initial_force 250 nD aa a eek en ae e eer Meee ee A 250 7 22group_truss_perimeter indez H 250 7 23group_truss_rope index switch oo oo 251 a a tad da dd 251 pelo ro ie E 251 seega Sa ee e Gu Bo see 251 E ee a 251 aa ee eas es a eo ee S 251 pit A a dat he A a AE De 251 7 730input_abaqus switch ee 252 7 3linput_abaqus_continue switch o o 252 7 732input_abaqus_group switch o 252 bot GR om a re Bk Se a 253 7 34input_abaqus_name name_0 name_1 o 6 ee 253 7 30input_gmsh switch RR RR ee 253 7 736interface_gap_apply sutell 253 7 3flicense_wait switch 2 s ee ea y a e ee iT p ee 253 7 738linear_calculation_apply switch aoaaa a 253 7 739materi_damage_apply switch 2 a 254 7 740materi elasti young_power_apply switch o o o e 255 7 41materi_failure_apply sute 255 RT ERT anced cto a das 255 pirita a hed Bee Aue gs 255 7 44materi_plasti_visco_apply switch 2 20 0 e 255 gh ge Bie Wh ate eee ae gs cea ea seer ac ets wae he awe et S 255 EEE EEEE 256 7 47mesh_activate_gravity_element_group index element_group_0 element_group_1 32 7 748mesh_activate_gravity_geometry index geometry_item_name geome
320. pecifies this option for all timestep blocks in the calculation 7 107 control_check_data index switch If switch is set to yes the in core database is checked at some moments during the calculation for the specified control index You can try this option in case you experience unexpected behavior 7 108 control contact_apply index switch If switch is set to yes the contact algorithm is used If switch is set to no the contact algorithm is not used This is done for timestep records with the same index Default switch is set to yes See also contact_apply 125 7 109 control_convection_apply index switch If switch is set to yes the convection of a material with respect to the mesh is allowed If switch is set to no the convection of a material with respect to the mesh is not allowed This is done for timestep records with the same index See also convection_apply 7 110 control crack indez See crack_element_group 7 111 control data activate index data_item_name_0 data_item_name_1 switch With this record you can set data items to become activated if switch is set to yes or de activated if switch is set to no The data_item_name specifies a data record name This option is still experimental results should be checked 7 112 control data_arithmetic index data_item_name data_item_index data_item_number operat This record allows you to change a data item With data_item_name data_item_index data_item_number
321. post_data 7 813 post_element_force index dir_normal_x dir_normal_y dir_normal_z dir_shear0_a dir_shear0_y dir_shear0_z dir_shear1_x dir_shear1_y dir_shear1_z middle_x mid dle_y middle_z With this record you can calculate the normal force shear force and moments in cross sections Only cross sections at the side of elements are allowed so that typically is the common side between two elements or the side at the edge of a domain a cross section through the interior of elements is not allowed Below we will describe how you can select elements For the combination of selected elements nodal forces will be used to determine cross section forces and moments The nodal force components in the dir_normal_x dir_normal_y dir_normal_z direction are summed to give a nor mal force normal_force The nodal force components in the dir_shear0_a dir_shear0_y dir_shear0_z direction are summed to give the first shear force shear0_force The nodal force components in the dir_sheari_x dir_shear1_y dir_shear1_z direction are summed to give the second shear force shear1_force The nodal force components in the dir_normal_x dir_normal_y dir_normal_z direction are multiplied with the distance in dir_shearO_x dir_shear0_y dir_shear0_z direction as measured from the middle_x middle_y middle_z vector and this is summed to give the first bending moment moment0 The nodal force components in the dir_normal_x dir_normal_y dir_normal_z direction are multiplied with the distance
322. prings If this record is not specified a very large value for f will be applied The index specifies the element_group see element_group See also group_contact_spring_stiffness and group_contact_spring_friction_automatic 7 553 group contact spring plasti friction automatic index switch If switch is set to yes the friction coefficient for contact springs will be determined from the plasticity law angle of neighboring elements For a neighboring group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul the friction coefficient f will be set to f 2 3 tand with the friction angle in the mohr coulomb law of the neighboring elements For a neighboring group_materi_plasti_diprisco the friction coefficient f will be set to a value depending on the parameter y of that law If no neighbor elements with appropriate material law are found then f will be set to 0 2 The index specifies the element_group see element_group See also group_contact_spring _direction_autor 7 554 group_contact_spring_direction_automatic_planes index switch_x switch_y switch_z With this option you can help the group_contact_spring friction_automatic by telling in which planes the automatically determined spring direction is allowed to be If a switch is set to yes then the direction may have a component in that plane If a switch is set to no then the direction may not have a component in that plane Default all switches are yes The index specifies the element_group see element_g
323. program an explicit like structure In fact if con trol_timestep_iterations is set to 1 then a classical explicit finite element program is obtained 173 If solver_type is set to matrix_iterative_bicg then the complete system matrix will be used for solution of the principal dof s see the initialization section for an explanation on principal dof s A diagonal Preconditioned Biconjugate Gradient method is applied If solver_type is set to matrix_pardiso then the pardiso solver will be used for solution of the principal dof s If solver_type is set to matrix_superlu then the pardiso solver will be used for solution of the principal dof s The superlu solver is only available for linux 64bit If solver_type is set to none then only the matrices and right hand sides are setup but the equations are not really solved 7 325 control_solver_bicg_error index error With error you set the termination error ratio between the initial and final error in the bicg iterations Default error is set to 1 e 13 See also solver_bicg_error This control_solver_bicg_error record overrules solver_bicg_error if both are specified 7 326 control_solver_bicg_restart index nrestart With nrestart you set the number of restarts in the bicg iterations Default nrestart is set to 0 See also solver_bicg_restart This control_solver_bicg_restart record overrules solver_bicg_restart if both are specified 7 327 control_solver_bicg_stop index swit
324. pty_wall Now an example of the separate option area_element_group_sequence_time 0 0 2 3 area_element_group_sequence_element_group 0 1 5 4 element_group 77 1 element_group 78 1 group type 1 group type5 group type 4 At time 0 elements 77 and 78 have group number 1 At time 2 the elements with group number 1 get group number 5 At time 3 the elements with group number 5 get group number 4 7 9 area_element_group_sequence_geometry index geometry_entity_item ge ometry_entity_index See area_element_group_sequence_element_group 104 7 10 area_element_group_sequence_geometry_method index method Set method to all or any If method is set to all then the corresponding area_element_group_sequence_ge is applied to elements for which all nodes are inside the specified geometry If method is set to any then the corresponding area_element_group_sequence_geometry is applied to elements for which any of the nodes is inside the specified geometry Default method is all 7 11 area_element_group_sequence_interface index switch If switch is set to yes the area_element_group_sequence_ will be used for interface elements also If switch is set to no the area_element_group_sequence_ will not be used for interface elements Default switch is set to no 7 12 area element group sequence time index time_0 time_1 See area_element_group sequence _element_group 7 13 area_element_group_dof index group_0 group_1 d
325. r 0 95 may lead to ill conditioned calcula tions 7 604 group_materi_elasti_lade index B RA Elastic data B 0 R A for the Lade model The index specifies the element_group see ele ment_group 7 605 group_materi_elasti_poisson index poisson Poisson ratio for solid The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 606 group materi elasti shear factor index factor Specifying this record causes the shear stiffness following from a specified young and poisson to be multiplied with factor This provides a convenient way to test in a calculation what the effect of low shear stresses is The index specifies the element_group see element_group 233 7 607 group_materi_elasti_stress_pressure_history_factor index factor This record allows you to model a different soil stiffness when first loading or unloading reloading instead The materi_stress_pressure_history should be initialised which records the maximum soil pressure that occurred in history If the current pressure is smaller then the largest pressure in history the material is unloading or reloading and the stiffness will be multiplied with factor If the current pressure is the larger then the largest pressure from history then this current pressure becomes the maximum history pressure and the stiffness will not be multiplied with factor The 1 factor typically may be 3 This group_materi_elasti_stress_pressure_history_factor can be combined with the young
326. r a geometry_triangle 3 factors should be specified a linear variation with factors for the first second and third corner point respectively For a geometry_quadrilateral 4 factors should be specified a linear variation with factors for the first second third and fourth corner point respectively For a geometry_point 1 factor should be specified a multiplication with a half sine wave will be used with the specified factor in the middle exactly at the point creasing to factor 0 at a distance tolerance from the point In the example below node 2 will get temperature 20 1 6 and node 3 will get temperature 20 2 2 number_of_space_dimensions 2 condif_temperature end_initia node 2 0 2 0 node 3 0 4 0 geometry _line 1 0 0 1 0 0 01 geometry_factor 1 1 4 bounda_dof 0 geometry_line 1 temp bounda_time 0 0 20 1 e6 20 end_data 7 469 geometry boundary index switch With this record you can restrict a geometry to the boundary of the mesh or to the inside of the mesh If switch is set to yes only nodes which are at the boundary of the mesh are actually used for the geometry with the same index If switch is set to no only nodes which are not at the boundary of the mesh are actually used for the geometry with the same index Attention for this option to work correctly the mesh should not contain badly shaped elements See the section at the end of this manual for more information on bad element shapes 206 7 470 geome
327. r and force_edge_time can be specified Attention if this force_edge option is used INSIDE a FE mesh then the elements on each side of the geometry will get the force So you may need to specify only half of the physical force value Attention this option is only available for linear and quadratic isoparametric elements 7 417 force_edge_element index element_0 element_1 Selects the element for which the force_edge record with the same index should be applied 7 418 force_edge_element_group index element_group_0 element_group_1 Selects the element group for which the force_edge record with the same index should be applied 7 419 force_edge_element_node index element node_0 node_1 Selects the element and local node numbers for which the force_edge record with the same index should be applied 7 420 force edge element side index element_0 element_1 side Selects the elements and local side number for which the force_edge record with the same index should be applied 7 421 force_edge_factor index ag a dp This data item defines a polynomial in space This polynomial gives a factor which is used as a multiplication factor for force_edge records with the same index In this way you can obtain coordinate dependent forces 197 In 1D the polynomial is ay a1 daf L In 2D the polynomial is ao 411 azy agx a41Y asy aga arz y agry agy We explain the logic in 3D with examples B
328. r and extra 2 is placed at the end By example for group 100 the strandid is 1001 for nodal results and the strandid is 1002 for element averaged results Tecplot files are less complete as GID files and GMSH files Tecplot files can be plotted with the tecplot program a trademark of Amtec Eng Inc 7 299 control print_vtk index switch Activate printing of results in the Visual Toolkit unstructured grid format which can be plotted by the paraview plotting program See www paraview org For example if the input file name is excavation dat and index is 100 and switch is set to separate_index then results are printed in the file is excavation100 vtk For example if the input file name is excavation dat and switch is set to separate_sequential then results are printed in the files is excavation0 vtk excavation1 vtk etc In paraview elements are called cells and nodes are called points How to get a nice contour plot for the yy stress e File open choose file and hit apply button e Coloring choose node_materi_stress and set 4 in stead of magnitude 167 e Edit hit the Choose preset button and select something nice e Edit set number of table values to e g 80 e Color Legend change legend text etc e File Save Screenshot save picture How to get a vector plots for velocities e File open choose file and hit apply button e Glyph add glyphs for vectors e Glyph type choose arrow e Scale mod
329. r memory using the section Saving computer memory Post data items post_point etc slow down the calculation Skip them if you want to spare time Printing control_print etc can substantially slow down the calculation Only a con trol_print index time_current post_node_rhside_ratio will not slow down the calcu lation 10 13 Saving computer memory Try the following steps in order of priority solver_matrix_symmetric yes processors 1 solver matrix_iterative_bicg dof_element_dof no Use bounda_alternate Don t use extreme large indices since memory is allocated for all indices You only should do steps as needed By example if solver_matrix_symmetric yes solves the memory problems you should not do any of the further steps etc 10 14 Inaccurate results Set the interface stiffness to about 10 times the neigbouring element young divided by the neighbour length If a structure is submerged in water eg a one side submerged dam you need to impose the cor rect pressure condition but you also need to impose the water loading by a force_edge_water 311 10 15 Element sides This sections defines node numbers for element sides 0 1 respectively For a bar2 element the sides have the nodes numbers 0 and 1 For a tria3 element the sides have the nodes numbers 0 1 and 1 2 and 2 0 For a tria6 element the sides have the nodes numbers 0 1 2 and 0 3 5 and 2 4 5 For quad elements the sides are in the
330. r real precision values or in the area_node_dataitem integer record for integer values or words 105 7 17 area_node_dataitem_double indez value_0 value_1 See area_node_dataitem 7 18 area_node_dataitem_integer index value_0 value_1 See area_node_dataitem 7 19 bounda_alternate index bounda_index_ 0 bounda_index_1 This option takes care that between successive iterations only one of the specified bounda_dof is not used By example if bounda_dof records with index 10 20 and 30 are present in the input file and you use bounda_alternate 10 20 30 then in subsequent iterations the following index is not used 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 etc This option comes handy to allow for very large calculations on a computer with limited memory By putting alternating bounday conditions on velocities pressures or temperatures the system of active equations to be solved in each iterations is only of a limited size And then using enough iterations the solutions for all dof s can slowly converge to the actual coupled solution As example consider a large 3d calculation where displacements and hydraulic heads need to be solved solver_matrix_symmetric yes bounda alternate 10 20 30 40 bounda_dof 10 all velx bounda_dof 20 all vely bounda_dof 30 all velz bounda_dof 40 all pres control_timestep 100 control_timestep_iterations 100 20 The above bounda_dof records are additional to the normally present records lik
331. radius are considered to be part of the spherical segment 7 499 geometry tetrahedral index 1 0y02z0x1y12112y4222x 3 y3 z3 This data item defines a tetrahedral in space Other data items can check if nodes are located on this geometry The coordinates of the corner points are x 0 y_0 z_0 etc 7 500 geometry_triangle index 1 0 y 0 z 0 1 1 y_1 21 2 2 y 2 2 2 tolerance This data item defines a triangle in space Other data items can check if nodes are located on this geometry The coordinates of the corner points are x 0 y 0 z 0 etc In 2D the z coordinates should not be specified All node within a distance tolerance are considered to be part of the triangle this gives a wedge with thickness 2tolerance 7 501 geometry triangle eps iso index iso tolerance With this parameter you can ask Tochnog to accept points just outside the triangle in direction of the triangle plane Typically try 1 e 3 for iso_tolerance 7 502 global_element_dof_apply switch If you set switch to yes then dof s like strains stresses etc will be saved in the element integration points in the records element_intpnt_dof So these dof s will actually not be averaged over global nodes but each element remembers its own values for these dof s This will be done for dof s like strains stresses etc only Other dof s like velocities displacement field temperature etc are not saved per element but remain saved in the global nodes If you set swi
332. rces and moments are calculated in these isoparametric elements See also post_calcul_materi_stress_force_element_group Specially for geotechnics you can set operat to total_pressure in case dofis materi_stress Then the total stress is calculated from the effective stress and the groundflow total pressure This option is not valid in combination with undrained pressures as obtained by group_materi_undrained_capacity Specially for geotechnics you can set operat to static_pressure in case dof is groundflow_pressure Then the static pressure is calculated Specially for geotechnics you can set operat to dynamic_pressure in case dof is groundflow_pressure Then the dynamic pressure is calculated Specially for geotechnics you can set operat to kO in case dof is materi_stress Then the ratio of horizontal and vertical stresses is calculated If 2D this is the ratio 0 5 z t0z If 3D this is the yy ratio 0 55 LE Specially for geotechnics you can set operat to young_apparent in case dof is materi_stress Then the apparant Young modulus is calculated from the incremental strains and incremental stresses If the incremental strains are very small so that they do not contain enough information the total strains and total stresses will be used instead Specially for geotechnics you can set operat to poisson_apparent in case dof is materi_stress Then the apparent Poisson ratio is calculated from the incremental strains and incremental stres
333. rd with value element_group Please realise that the geometry entity can be a two dimensional area a volume etc This option comes handy whenever a part of the domain gets some specific element data For example this would be the case if different areas in the structure have different material properties like stiffness etc Beware any directly specified element_group records will be overwritten Attention this area_element_group will be evaluated each time the mesh is changed in some way Then the area_element_group information will be used again to generate element_group records for the changed mesh We show here two ways to get different element data in different regions Both ways give elements with young 1 2 from x 0 to x 1 and elements with young 3 3 from x 1 to x 2 First way node 1 0 node 2 1 node 3 2 element 1 bar2 1 2 element 2 bar2 2 3 element_group 1 0 element_group 2 1 group_type 0 materi group_materi_elasti_young 0 1 2 group_type 1 materi group_materi_elasti_young 1 3 3 control_mesh_refine_globally 10 h_refinement Second way node 1 0 node 2 1 node 3 2 element 1 bar2 1 2 element 2 bar2 2 3 group_type 0 materi group_materi_elasti_young 0 1 2 101 group_type 1 materi group_materi_elasti_young 1 3 3 geometry_line 1 0 1 1 e 4 geometry_line 2 1 2 1 e 4 area_element_group 1 geometry_line 1 0 area_element_group 2 geometry_line 2 1 See also area_element_group_method area
334. re imposed on a geometry you can set with this record which node type should be used If node_type is set to node_start_refined the values of node_start_refined are used to determine if nodes are located on the geometry If node_type is set to node the values of node are used to determine if nodes are located on the geometry If node_type is set to plus_displacement the values of node plus nodal displacements are used to determine if nodes are located on the geometry 7 29 bounda_normal index normal_x normal_y normal_z This record specifies the components of a normal vector to a plane on which nodes should slide the nodes are not allowed to move normal to the plane In 3D you need to specify all of normal_x normal_y normal_z In 2D you need to specify only normal_x normal_y In 1D you need to specify only normal_z See also bounda_dof 7 30 bounda print mesh dof dof 0 dof 1 See print_mesh_dof 110 7 31 bounda_print_mesh_dof_geometry geometry_item_name geometry_item_index See print_mesh_dof 7 32 bounda_print_mesh_dof_values value_dof_0 value_dof_1 See print_mesh_dof 7 33 bounda_save index switch See control_bounda_save 7 34 bounda sine index start_time end_time freg 0 amp_0 freq_1 amp_1 The bounda_dof or bounda_force record with the same index is imposed with the sum of the sine functions the first sine function has frequency freq_0 and amplitude amp_0 the second sine function has frequency freq_1 and
335. red a temperature field may be imposed An example of a input file is given below materi_velocity materi_stress condif_temperature end_initia element_group ra from 0 to 100 ra 1 element_group ra from 101 to 200 ra 2 type 1 materi condif group_materi_elasti_young 1 group_materi_memory updated group_condif conductivity 3 type 2 materi group_materi_elasti_compressibility 2 group_materi_viscosity 2 group_materi_memory updated_linear group_condif_conductivity 2 Elements 0 100 are solids with temperature and elements 101 200 are fluids with temperature 9 2 Consolidation analysis ground water flow in deforming solid The ground water flow equation can be combined with the materi equations The solid will deform due to the ground water flow pressure gradient and ground water flow pressure will change due to solid volume changes An example of a input file is given below materi_velocity materi_stress groundflow_pressure end_initia groundflow_consolidation apply yes ground ow density groundflow_phreatic_level group type 0 materi groundflow group_materi _elasti_ young 0 305 group_materi_memory updated group_groundflow_capacity 0 The stresses as initialized by materi_stress are effective stresses Internally the program calculates with total stresses effective stress total pressure in the material equilibrium equation You can obtain the total stresses for postproc
336. red to be part of the circle segment 7 477 geometry cylinder index x0 y_0 z0 2 1 y_1 21 radius tolerance This data item defines a cylinder segment in space Other data items can check if nodes are located on this geometry The coordinate of the center point at the bottom is 1 0 y_0 z_0 The coordinate of the center point at the top is 21 y_1 2 1 The cylinder can only be used in 3D All node within a distance tolerance of the radius are considered to be part of the cylinder 7 478 geometry_cylinder_part index x_0 y_0 20 2 1 y_1 21 radius angle_start_0 angle_end_0 angle_start_1 angle_end_1 tolerance This data item defines parts of a cylinder in space Other data items can check if nodes are located on this geometry The index 2 0 y 0 2 0 x 1 y 1 z1 radius are the same as in geometry_cylinder The angle_start_0 angle_end_0 defines the first valid part of the cylinder where angle_start_0 is the start angle of the part and angle_end_0 is the end angle The angles are measured in the x y plane starting from the positive x axis towards the positive y axis Likewise the angle_start_1 angle_end_1 defines a second valid part of the cylinder You should define at least one valid part and optionally you can specify several valid parts Start angles and end angles should be non negative End angles should be larger than start angles Angles will be measured relative to the vector as specified in geometry_cylinder_part_start_vector if that vect
337. ri bounda dof All The other data you can view in GID for example with View results Display vectors force edge normal force edge normal Above with distributed we mean that results are per unit area For isoparametric elements the element group number will be printed As a special option you can set switch to separate_index Then the mesh and results will be printed in separate files for GID numbered with index The option comes handy when the mesh changes during the calculation GID cannot plot that if the mesh and results are in the same file As a further special option you can set switch to separate_sequential Then the mesh and results will be printed in separate files for GID number sequentially 7 264 control_print_gid_beam_vectors index switch If switch is set to yes force and moment vectors will be plotted for beam and truss_beam elements The force and moment vectors will be plotted perpendicular to the length direction and a user specified plane normal vector see control_print_gid_beam_vectors_normal The length of the plotted vectors measures the size of the forces and moment The vectors will be plotted as element result so not as nodally averaged result Attention this control_print_gid_beam_vectors is a special plotting option to get each beam force and moment result as vector plot with the possibility to influence the direction of the vectors with control_print_gid_beam_vectors_normal Default Tochn
338. rmal_element index element_0 element_1 Selects the elements for which the condif_radiation_normal_edge record with the same index should be applied 7 90 condif_radiation_edge_normal_element_node index element node_0 node_1 Selects the element and local node numbers for which the condif_radiation_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied 7 91 condif radiation edge normal element group index element_group_0 el ement_group_1 Selects the element groups for which the condif_radiation_normal_edge record with the same index should be applied 7 92 condif radiation edge normal element side index element_0 element_1 side Selects the elements and side number for which the condif_radiation_edge normal record with the same index should be applied 7 93 condif_radiation_edge_normal_geometry index geometry_entity_name ge ometry_entity_index Selects the area for which the condif_radiation_edge_normal record with the same index should be applied In stead of a number of nodes also for example geometry_line 1 can be used in 2D indicating that the nodes on line 1 radiate heat The total edge of an element must be inside the geometry 122 for the force to become active For 2D elements the border lines are edges For 3D elements the border surfaces are edges See also condif_radiation_edge_normal 7 94 condif_radiation_edge_normal_node index node_0 node_1 Selects the nodes for which the condif_radiati
339. rmation from the specified stiffness properties 7 311 control_reset_value_constant index value Specifies the value to which dof s of the control_reset_dof record are reset A constant value will be used 7 312 control_reset_value_exponent index arbrCrdreraybyCydyeyazbzCzdz z Specifies the exponential space distribution to which dof s of the control_reset_dof record are ba tee bytcyy betezz reset The dependency a edoteoz aye TT a etde ezz will be used In 1D only azbycydyex should be specified In 2D only a sbxCxdx x0ybyCydyy should be specified 7 313 control_reset_value linear index a a a Specifies the linear space distribution to which the dof s of the control_reset_dof record are reset The dependency a 1 ayy 02 will be used In 1D only a should be specified In 2D only a ay should be specified 7 314 control reset_value_logarithmic first indez azbrCrdyzeraybyCydyeyazbzCzdz z Specifies the logarithmic space distribution to which dof s of the control_reset_dof record are reset The dependency cln 324222 dyln E azln Sete will be used In 1D only AzbzCedzez should be specified In 2D only asbyCxdxex0ybyCydyey should be specified 7 315 control reset value _logarithmic_second indez azbzCrdz z fxgxAybyCydyey fyGydzb2 Specifies the logarithmic space distribution to which dof s of the control_reset_dof record are reset The dependency az by eo 4 ee
340. roduced Denoting the normalized magnitude of S R is a material parameter and the direction of S na ae ij V Skl Skl Si 0 for Sij 0 the evolution equation for the intergranular strain tensor reads Si Lw PS ijSp1 r for 855645 gt 0 9 C for Sij ij lt 0 where Sij is the objective rate of intergranular strain Rigid body rotations are treated elsewhere see the section on memory From the evolution equation 3 2 4 it follows that 0 must remain between 0 and 1 The general stress strain relation is now written as a Mijki ri The fourth order tensor M x represents the incremental stiffness and is calculated from the hy poplastic tensors Lijk and Ni which may be modified by scalar multipliers mp and mp depending on p and on the product Sij ij Mija lom 1 pR LM pX 1 mr Lijmn Ban Bu HNS for E gt 0 pPX MrR MT LijmnSmn Ski for Sij ij lt 0 x and y are additional material parameters An example intergranular parameters can be found in Tab R mr mr Pe X 7 1 10 5 0 2 0 0 50 6 0 6 0 Table 3 Example of Intergranular hypoplastic parameters The intergranular parameters should be specified in group_materi_plasti_hypo_strain_intergranular Additionally you need to include materi_strain_intergranular in the initialisation part 1S is denoted j in the paper 14 However in order to avoid confusion with Kronecker delta
341. rom the sheet pile You need to specify a reference point for each element group specified in post_calcul_materi_stress_force_eler In 3D you need to specify the x y and z value for each reference point In 2D you only need to specify the x and y value for each reference point See also post_calcul_materi_stress_force_plot_switch 7 804 post_calcul_materi_stress_force_outer switch If switch is set to yes the forces and moments are only calculated for the nodes at the outer sides of the elements these are the nodes which have the furthest distance relative to the reference point This will give a bit more nice vector plots Default if post_calcul_materi_stress_force_outer is not specified switch is set to no This will give a bit more nice contour fill plots 7 805 post calcul materi stress force plot_switch switch_0 switch_1 If you don t like the direction in which tochnog draws the vectors outward or inward you can switch the direction by setting the corresponding switch to yes In 2D you need to specify a switch for the normal force shear force and moment In 3D you need to specify a switch for the normal force shear force and two moments 7 806 post_calcul_materi_stress_force_thickness_switch switch_element_group_0 switch_element_group_1 See first post_calcul_materi_stress_force_element_group In 3D Tochnog normally assumes that the shortest element direction in the side where forces and moments are
342. roup 7 555 group contact_spring_memory index memory_type Memory model for contact_spring either updated_linear total_linear The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 556 group contact spring stiffness index ky kr Stiffnesses for contact springs The force Fy in normal direction of the contact spring is determined from Fy KN un where uy is the normal displacement difference of the two nodes that is the displacement of the second node in normal direction minus the displacement of the first node in normal direction The first tangential force Fr of the contact spring is determined from Fri kr ur where uz is the tangential displacement difference of the two nodes in the first tangential direction the same is done for the second tangential force The total tangential force y Fi FZ cannot exceed f Fy with f friction coefficient then frictional slip occurs and the total tangential force is set to f Fx To model continuing stick between two bodies just put the friction coefficient f very high In 1D the parameters kr and f will not be used but should be specified as dummies nevertheless The index specifies the element_group see element_group 223 See also group_contact_spring_friction and group_contact_spring_friction_automatic 7 557 group_dof_initial index dof_0 dof_1 Same as element_dof_initial now specified for a group of elements however 7 558 group_dof_initial_specific_number index dof
343. roup interface_materi_plasti_mohr_coul direct index phi c phiflow Mohr coulomb plasticity model for interfaces The angles are in radians The cohesion c has stress unit so just the same as for group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul in normal isoparameteric elements The maximum friction force in the interface is c F tan phi where c is the cohesion phi is the friction angle in radians and F is the normal force which is a negative value under compression 7 584 group interface_materi_plasti_tension direct index switch If switch is set to no then the stresses are set to 0 if the interface normal strain is positive This group_interface_materi_plasti_tension_direct is not allowed in combination with group_interface_g Default if group_interface_materi_tension_direct is not specified switch is set to yes 7 585 group_interface_materi_residual_stiffness index factor The calculations are more stable if some residual stiffness is added to an opened interface With factor you can set the part of the original stiffness to be used as stiffness in opened interfaces 229 For maximum stability use 1 for the factor but then also use a high number of timesteps to allow for convergence to the correct solution Default if this group_interface_materi_residual_stiffness is not specified then factor is set to 1 e 2 7 586 group_interface_materi_stress_displacement_normal_diagram index displacement_0 stress_0 displacement_1 stress_1 This recor
344. roup number will be offset with offset 7 219 control _ mesh rotate index n After rotation n is the number of elements in rotational direction for a rotation over 360 degrees After rotation the old y direction becomes the new z direction The following data is transferred in the rotation process element element_group node and node_dof A 2D tria3 element becomes a 3D prism6 element and a 2D quad4 element becomes a 3D hex8 element other 2D elements can presently not be rotated All data that is not valid in 3D like for example a 2D line etc will be deleted in the rotation process This control_mesh_rotate is convenient when the first part of calculation is axisymmetric for example loading a pile vertically in a soil and the second part of the calculation is 3D for example loading the top of the pile in some horizontal direction Then first an axi symmetric calculation can be performed and the results can be used to start a 3D calculation If a quad4 elements has a side on the y axis in the 2D mesh the element is rotated to a prism6 element the quad4 element should have the side with local node numbers 0 and 1 on the y axis which is the case if you generated the elements with a control mesh macro You should not use other elements with a side on the y axis when rotating the mesh This control_mesh_rotate deletes all data except element element_group node node_dof element_interface_strain and element_interface_stress will be ro
345. roup_1 For element_group_1 you can only use isoparametric elements See also mpc_element_group_always and control_mpc_element_group 7 761 mpc_element_group_always index switch If switch is set to yes the mpc s will be generated always If switch is set to no the mpc s will only be generated if the considered node is not a member of the node list of the element of group element_group_1 this ensures that mpc s will only be generated if the node is completely loose from the other element You can use the switch is no option if you are not sure if element_group_0 is connected to or not connected to element_group_1 with no you will not get mpc s if the groups are connected see mpc_ in the dbs file to check if mpc s are generated So if you are not sure if surfaces are connected in gid a typical strategy would be e run tochnog with mpc_element_group and mpc_element_group_always no e if you get mpc_ records in the dbs run again with mpc_element_group and mpc_element_group _ yes e if you do not get mpc_ records remove mpc_element_group and mpc_element_group_always Default if mpc_element_group_always is not specified switch is set to yes 7 762 mpc_element_group_dof index dof_0 dofi The dof_0 dof_1 in mpc_element_group_dof specify the dof s that should be set equal e g velx vely etc Default if mpc_element_group_dof is not specified all principal dofs will be set equal 7 763 mpc_element_g
346. roup_eps_iso index eps With eps you can specify the tolerance on the isoparametric coordinates for the element of ele ment_group_1 below which a node of element_group_0 is considered to be located in element_group_1 Default if mpc_element_group_eps_iso is not specified eps is set to 1 e 4 7 764 mpc_element_group_geometry index geometry_entity_item geometry_entity_index Select a geometry for nodes of element_group_0 7 765 mpc_geometry index geometry_entity_item_0 geometry_entity_index_0 ge ometry_entity_item_1 geometry_entity_index_1 See also mpc_geometry_method 261 If method in mpc_geometry_method is set to method0O the following mpc s will be generated This record automatically generates mpc_node_number and mpc_node factor records such that dof s in the second geometry geometry_entity_item_1 geometry_entity_index_1 become equal to the dof s in the first geometry geometry_entity_item_0 geometry entity index_0 The switch_x switch_y switch_z in mpc_geometry_switch specify the coordinates that should be checked to judge if a node in the second geometry is considered to have the same position as a node in the first geometry and thus should get the same dof s Only the coordinate for which the corre sponding switch is set to yes will be checked By example in 3D if yes no no are used then a node in the second geometry gets the same dof s of a node in the first geometry in it has almost equal x coordinate the y and z coor
347. roup_materi_history_variable_user_parameters indez Specify parameters for the user supplied routine for material history variables The indez specifies the element_group see element_group 236 7 627 group_materi_hyper_besseling index K Koa Parameters for Besseling Hyper elastic rubber model The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 628 group_materi_hyper_blatz_ko index GP Parameters for Blatz Ko model The indes specifies the element_group see element_group 7 629 group materi hyper mooney _rivlin index K K2 Parameters for Mooney rivlin hyper elastic rubber model The index specifies the element_group see element _group 7 630 group_materi_hyper_neohookean indez K Parameter for Neo Hookean hyper elastic rubber model The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 631 group_materi_hyper_reduced polynomial indez K Ko Parameters for reduced polynomial hyper elastic rubber model The index specifies the ele ment_group see element_group 7 632 group materi hyper volumetric linear index K Parameter for the linear volumetric hyperelasticity model The index specifies the element_group see element _group 7 633 group_materi_hyper_volumetric_murnaghan index Kp Parameter for the murnaghan volumetric hyperelasticity model The index specifies the ele ment_group see element_group 7 634 group_materi_hyper_volumetric_ogden index KB Parameter for the ogden volumetric hyperela
348. rt 7 943 support_edge_normal_node index node 0 node_1 node_2 Selects the nodes for which the support_edge_ normal record with the same index should be applied The node_0 etc specify global node numbers 7 944 support edge normal plasti compression index normal force minimum tangential_force_factor With normal_force_minimum you can limit the amount of compression force that a support can take Any compression force lower than this normal force _minimum will actually be set to nor mal_force_minimum Typically you want to specify a negative value for index normal_force minimum With tangential_force_factor you can model frictional slip in the tangential direction The tangential force is limited to tangential_force_factor times the normal force Larger tangential forces are not allowed 300 This support_edge_normal_plasti_compression will only be used if the normal force does not exceed the maximum tension force as specified in support_edge_normal_plasti_tension or sup port_edge_normal_plasti_tension_double All forces are per unit length in 2D and per unit area in 3D 7 945 support_edge_normal_plasti_friction index cohesion friction_coefficient With this record you can limit the amount of friction force that a support can take The maximum allowed friction force is the cohesion plus the friction_coefficient multiplied with the absolute value of the normal force All forces are per unit length in 2D and per unit area in 3D
349. rtia_dof_1 This record will be filled with calculated inertia terms degrees of freedom dof s as specified at the start of the calculation at the node with number index For material velocity that is the mass inertia term in the node 7 783 node_mass index mass x mass_y MASS_Z This record adds a discrete mass to node index in x y and z direction In 1D only the x mass needs to be specified etc The mass will lead to a nodal force of the size mass_x where U_zx is the acceleration and to a gravity force if force_gravity is specified The same holds for the y and z direction 7 784 node mesh indez Same as mesh but now specified per node however The index specifies the node number If this node_mesh record is specified for a node it overrules the mesh record 7 785 node_rhside index rhside_0 rhside_1 This record will contain after the calculations Fexternal Frstatic Finertia 265 Here Foxternal are the external forces resulting from bounda_force records Fstatic are the internal static forces elastic forces damping element loads Finertia are the internal inertia forces mass capacity For the temperature equation this will give the heat flow normal to the outer surface the heat flux to the environment at prescribed temperatures For velocity dof s this will give the force vector at prescribed displacements For the pressure in the ground flow equation this will give the ground flow to
350. s The mesh and results for dof s will always be written at the end of the calculation Since GID gets confused when the number of elements changes between several control_print_gid records Tochnog will only print GID results for the last mesh used Prism elements that GID cannot plot will be splitted by Tochnog into tet elements depending on control_print_gid_old Coordinates for nodes will be written in the original configuration If materi_velocity is ini tialized also a vector materi_mesh_deform will be written for GID which contains the defor mation between the original mesh configuration and the deformed mesh configuration Use the deform mesh menu in GID to draw the deformed configuration by applying the vector ma teri_mesh_deform with a factor 1 For 2D interface elements which have strains and stresses the normal stress interface_sign the tangential shear stress interface_sigt the normal strain interface_epsn and the tangential shear strain interface_epst are written to the GID results file The following data is written also to the gid file and can serve as a help to check the validity of your input file This data is only available after one or more time steps are taken e condif_bounda_dof boundary conditions on temperature e condif_heat_edge_normal distributed prescribed heat flow on an edge e condif_convection_edge_normal distributed convection heat flow on an edge e condif_radiation_edge_normal distributed
351. s These constants are explained in more detail in the papers mentioned above but here we give a short explanation The constants e be Ec and e are linked to the dilatancy and the stress state during failure standard triaxial compression and extension test in drained conditions The constants y Cp Bf and Br are defined by means of the experimental curves 4 arial vol axial obtained by performing a standard compression test in drained conditions Moreover Bf Br and t can also be determined by means of the effective stress path obtained by performing a standard triaxial compression test in undrained conditions Finally b can determined from an isotropic compression test For a loose sand 0 0 253 0 0 0398 0 2585 0 0394 y 3 7 Cp 18 By 0 5 By 1 1 tp 10 and bp 0 0049 di Prisco plasticity model with varying density This essentially is the same as the normal di Prisco model but instead of one set of parame ters you need to specify two sets of parameters one of loose soil and one for dense soil The actual applied parameters will then be interpolated from the loose parameters and dense pa rameters depending on the actual density of the soil The parameters need to be specified in group_materi_plasti_diprisco_density The history variables are those of group_materi_plasti_diprisco and finally extra the relative density by example 20 or 40 So there are 12 history variables i
352. s temperatures etc the corresponding principal number 0 for the first principal dof 1 for the second principal dof etc In case a dof is not principal strains stresses etc the number is set to no You can see in the dof_label record after the calculation the dof names corresponding to dof_principal 7 370 element index element_name node_0 node_1 node_2 Nodal connective of element index In 1D element_name is bar2 2 noded bar bar3 bar4 In 2D element_name is tria3 3 noded triangle tria6 6 noded triangle quad4 4 noded quadrilateral quad6 6 noded quadrilateral 2 sides of 3 nodes quad8 quad9 quad16 In 3D element_name is tet4 4 noded tetrahedral prism6 6 noded prismatic prism12 12 noded prismatic prism15 15 noded prismatic prism18 18 noded prismatic tet10 10 noded tetrahedral hex8 8 noded hexahedral hex18 18 noded hexahedral 2 sides of 9 186 nodes hex20 20 noded hexahedral not formally available yet still being tested use with care hex27 Further possibilities for element_name are spring2 2 noded spring contact_spring1 1 noded contact element contact_spring2 2 noded contact element the two nodes may have the same position in space truss truss element beam beam element truss_beam combined truss beam element Some of the elements are drawn below 3 bar2 j bar3 e e e 1 2 bar
353. s then directly factor_1 will be applied If factor_1 exceeds 1 1 e 10 an element will be completely deleted from the calculation that is the element record will be removed and cannot be reactivated in any way later in the calculation If this record is not specified then factor_0 0 and factor_1 1 7 158 control mesh delete geometry method index method Determines the condition on which an element will be considered part of the geometry to be deleted If method is set to all then all element nodes should be part of the geometry If method is set to any then any of the element nodes should be part of the geometry If method is set to average then the average element coordinate should be part of the geometry Default this record is all See also control_mesh_delete_geometry 7 159 control mesh delete geometry move node index switch Determines if remaining nodes inside a deleted geometry are moved onto the edge of the geometry yes or not no Moving nodes makes that the element mesh exactly fits the deleted geometry but may also lead to heavily distorted elements Default this record is no See also control mesh delete geometry 7 160 control_mesh_delete_geometry_projection_type index type This record allows you to control what geometry will actually be deleted Set type to project_inside or project_exact For example if the geometry is a geometry_circle then project_inside means that everything inside the c
354. s a spring with stiffness E in line with a dash pot with relaxation time t m indicates the m th maxwell chain The viscoelastic stress rate is given by with ijk 15 the elastic tensor modulus of the m th maxwell chain depending on E and the poisson ratio m Tij Cri ek Tn F 3 2 11 Viscoplasticity Viscoplasticity is a model for rate dependent plasticity Rate dependent plasticity is important for high speed transient plasticity calculations It should be used in combination with a plasticity law Viscoplasticity influences the stresses via the plastic strains The group_materi_plasti_visco_exponential model reads a fiow cu y pen 90 y where y and a are material fluidity constants and p is the pressure In case the af becomes larger than a limit it is substituted by the limit to prevent the exponent from becoming excessive large You can set the limit with the group_materi_plasti_visco_exponential_limit record This model was first developed for visco plastic soil behavior The group_materi_plasti_visco_power model reads a fPow Ej Pes n f 9011 where 77 fluidity constant and p power are user specified parameters 3 2 12 Viscosity The viscous contribution to the total stress is 2v D where vi Ov Dij 0 5 5 7 s a ES a and divergence is neglected since we only model slightly compressible flows Viscous heat generation The viscous energy loss is turned into h
355. s gradient of a flow function S If the yield function 00 5 and flow function are chosen to be the same the plasticity is called associative otherwise it is non associative Von Mises is typically used for metal plasticity Mohr Coulomb and Drucker Prager are typically used for soils and other frictional materials The plasticity models can freely be combined the combination of the plasticity surfaces defines the total plasticity surface Typically if you use Mohr Coulomb or Drucker Prager to model shear failure for soils you should use the tension limiting model to limit tension stresses preferably group_materi_plasti_tension_direct First some stress quantities which are used in most of the plasticity models are listed 2 Sij Sij Z 171 2 011 022 033 Om _ Equivalent Von Mises stress Mean stress Deviatoric stress Sij ij Omdij CamClay plasticity model Here we provide the equations of the Cam Clay model Roscoe and Burland 1968 summarized e g by Wood 1990 see 19 All stresses are effective geotechnical stresses i e compression is positive Definitions of variables p 01 02 03 3 1 q 3 01 02 02 03 03 01 in the principal stress axes The CamClay yield rule which is also the flow rule reads f 9 4 M plpo p 0 M is a soil constant and po is a history hidden variable which corresponds to the preconsolidation mean pressure
356. s is only composed by the effective stress of the soil skeleton The total stress in soils follows from total soil stress effective soil stress total groundwater pressure This will only be done for isoparametric finite elements which have groundflow data specified Static groundwater pressure The static pressure due to gravity is Pstatic pgAz 76 where the Az is the distance to the groundwater level the phreatic level The phreatic level needs to be specified with the groundflow_phreatic_level record Alternatively you can specify post_calcul_static_pressure_height If both groundflow_phreatic_level and post_calcul_static_pressur are not specified the static pressure cannot be determined so it remains zero Dynamic groundwater pressure The dynamic groundwater pressure follows from Pdynamic Ptotal Pstatic Boundary conditions If the groundwater velocity is 0 normal to an edge say at the interface with a rock layer it is zero then you should prescribe nothing on that edge Tochnog will then take care of that boundary condition for you At the phreatic level where the groundflow meets free air the hydraulic pressure head should be come pgz You can either set this yourself by using bounda_dof combined with bounda_time or else demand that Tochnog automatically does it for you by activating the option ground flow_phreatic_bounda At edges where you have some other hydraulic head you need to specify that head your
357. s the element_group see element_group Condition materi_strain_plasti and materi_plasti_diprisco_history 11 should be initialized 7 648 group_materi_plasti_diprisco_density index y Buy bip Cip tip Bre bre Ele Ete Bi fe Yd Baf bap Cap tap Oac Ode Ede Ede Papo d Yield data for di Prisco plasticity with varying density All data with an in the subscript holds for loose soil whereas all data with an d in the subscript holds for dense soil The actually used data will be interpolated between the loose and dense data using the current density The index specifies the element_group see element_group Condition materi_strain_plasti and materi_plasti_diprisco_history 12 should be initialized 7 649 group_materi_plasti_druck_prag index phi c phiflow Both yield data and flow data indicated by the word flow for Drucker Prager plasticity Choose phi and phiflow in between 0 and 5 The index specifies the element_group see element_group Condition materi_strain_plasti should be initialized 7 650 group_materi_plasti_element_group index group_0 group_1 With this record you can model frictional slip of soil material and alike granular materials on other materials like concrete steel etc This is done for group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul group_materi_plasti_matsuoka_nakai group_materi_plasti_druck_prag group_materi_plasti_hardsoil if specified 241 by reducing the friction angle phi and dilatancy angle phiflow and cohesion c
358. s the nodes for which the force_edge_water record with the same index should be applied The node_0 etc specify global node numbers 7 457 force_edge_water_time index time load time load This record specifies a diagram which contains the factors with which the force_edge_water record with the same index is applied Linear interpolation is used to extend the time load values to the intervals between these pairs Outside the specified time range a factor 0 is used If this record is not specified the force is applied at all times with a factor 1 7 458 force_gravity 9 2 9 Y 9 2 Gravitational acceleration In 1D only the gravity in x direction needs to be specified In 2D the gravity in x direction and y direction needs to be specified In 3D the gravity in x direction y direction and z direction needs to be specified See also force_gravity_time 7 459 force gravity geometry geometry_item_name geometry_item_index With this record you can specify a geometrical entity on which the gravity force should be used Only elements inside the geometry get the gravity force If this record is not specified all elements can get the gravity force See also force_gravity_time 7 460 force_gravity_time time load time load This record specifies a multi linear diagram which contains the factors with which the force_gravity record is applied This allows you to impose the gravity on a structure slowly which might be needed for path d
359. saaa a 295 A We i 296 7 930strain_volume_element index element_0 elementl l 296 7 931strain_volume_element_group index element_group_0 element_group_1 296 7 932strain_volume_geometry index geometry_item_name geometry_item_indez 296 7 933strain_volume relative time index time_0 relative_volume_strain_0 time_1 rela REE DEE 297 a 297 297 7 936support_edge_normal_damping_automatic index switch o 297 7 937support_edge_normal element_node index element_0 element d 298 7 938support_edge_normal_element_group index element_group 298 7 939support_edge_normal_element_side index element_0 element_1 side 298 7 940support_edge normal factor indez ao ay Gn oo oo 298 7 941support_edge_normal_force_initial index a_0 a_1 298 7 942support_edge_normal_geometry index geometry_entity_name geometry_entity_indea298 7 943support_edge normal node index node_0 node_1 node_2 298 7 944support_edge_normal_plasti_compression index normal_force minimum tangen tial force T es sa d h Seb sa E ee ae a Wee Ae ee 7 945support_edge_normal_plasti_friction index cohesion friction_coefficient 299 7 946support_edge_normal_plasti_tension index switch o aoao aa 299 7 947support_edge normal plasti tension_double index normal_force _marimum 299 erat 299 7 949support_edge_normal time index time load time load 299 TO 300 39 7
360. sed for number_of_nodes 7 864 print_group data dataitem_name_0 dataitem_name_1 Print in the gid files group data items for isoparametric finite elements As a typical example use group_materi_elasti_young then you get in the gid plot what the young model distribution is for isoparametric finite elements in the mesh All group data is averaged over each element so you will see a constant value per element even when the group data item may vary over the different integration points in an element For elements which do not have a specific group data item a value 0 will be plotted Tochnog sets the gid group data information in the timesteps so only after timesteps have been taken you will see meaningful results for the group data in gid plots The values will also be placed in the element_print_group data records 7 865 print_gmsh_calculation switch If you set switch to yes the gmsh files will be printed at the end of the calculation If you set switch to no the gmsh files will not be printed at the end of the calculation Default if switch is not specified it is set to no 7 866 print gmsh dummy switch See control_print_gmsh dummy This print_gmsh_ dummy holds for all gmsh printing unless it is overruled by a control_print_gmsh dummy 7 867 print_mesh_dof dof_0 dof_1 This option allows you to print results for dof s temperatures groundflow pressures in a first calculation and use these results later in
361. self with bounda_dof and bounda_time records If gravity is not of importance e g in biomechanics where the storage equation is used to model fluid transport in soft tissues the hydraulic pressure head h is equal to the total pressure and thus is zero at edges where the water meets the free air In this case set h to zero by using bounda_dof combined with bounda_time Postprocessing For all printing plotting etc you normally get the hydraulic pressure head h since it is the primary dof solved in the storage equation The total pressure static pressure and dynamic pressure are obtained using the post_calcul option Naming conventions Following conventional naming we remind the user that the capacity depends on the porosity n and water compressibility C n and for the intrinsic permeability p Fi lg where k is the hydraulic conductivity in direction 3 5 2 Non saturated analysis with diagrams You can perform a non saturated analysis by making the permeability dependent on the ground water total pressure pore pressure by a dependency diagram The diagram accounts for high 77 permeability at saturation and low permeability at non saturation For example do something like dependency_item 10 group_groundflow_permeability 0 to_pres 4 dependency _diagram 10 100 0 0 0 05 100 1 e 2 1 e 2 1 e 8 1 e 8 1 e 2 1 e 2 1 e 8 1 e 8 The atmospheric air pressure is 0 so that is where the permeability starts
362. ses If the incremental strains are very small so that they do not contain enough information the total strains and total stresses will be used instead Specially for geotechnics you can set operat to total_pressure in case dof is groundflow_pressure Then the total pressure is calculated Specially for geotechnics you can set operat to safety_lifting in case dof is materi_stress Then the hydraulic safety factor Tae bp tOta is calculated In 1D Overtical Oxx in 2D Overtical Oyy and in 3D Overtical Ozz Specially for geotechnics you can set operat to safety_piping in case dof is materi_stress Then the hydraulic safety factor Teal is calculated The next piece of input file materi_stress 268 materi_strain_plasti end _initia post_calcul materi_stress size_dev materi_strain_plasti size_tot control_timestep 1 control_print 1 node_dof_calcul will print records like node_dof_calcul index 0 2 1 1e 4 Here the 0 2 is the equivalent Von Mises stress and 1 1e 4 measures the plastic strain matrix See also post_calcul_absolute and post_calcul_label 7 794 post_calcul_absolute switch If switch is set to yes all results of post_calcul are set to be positive values This may be done if you prefer positive values in your presentation of results 7 795 post_calcul_label doflabel_0 label_1 This record will be filled with the names of the data that is calculated by means of the post_calcul option The fir
363. set to yes the values as specified by control_reset_value etc are used as relative factor by which the dof s are changed So for example if 0 1 is given in control_reset_value_constant then the dof s will be multiplied with 0 1 Default if control_reset_value_relative is not specified then switch is set to no so the values will be used absolute and not relative 7 320 control_restart index switch If switch is set to yes then the calculation continues with the undeformed mesh The dof s in the node_dof records are reset to the initial values And time_current is set to the initial time This allows you to calculate some path dependent behavior completely from the start with a refined mesh 7 321 control safety _slip index switch If switch is set to yes a slip safety factor calculation will be performed with the method as described in 4 The calculated safety factor F is _ Sf tmedA Es f TAA where Tmc is the maximum possible shear stress according to the mohr coulomb condition using the actual normal stress 7 is the actual shear stress and dA is the surface area in the integral The advantage of this safety factor definition is that it can be evaluated at any stress state by example 172 the gravity stress state without any further timesteps with friction angle and cohesion reduction The definition simply compares the actual current shear stress relative to the maximum possible shear stress following from mohr coulo
364. spring strain that actually occur in the calculation The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 711 group time index birth death With this option you can set the time of birth of the elements in group index and the time of death of the elements Out of the range birth death the elements of the group will not be used in the calculation the starting birth limit itself is not included in the range whereas the ending death limit itself is included 7 712 group_time_fill index birth_empty birth_filled death With this option you can set the time of birth of the elements in group index and the time of death of the elements Out of the range birth_empty death the elements of the group will not be used in the calculation the starting birth_empty limit itself is not included in the range whereas the ending death limit itself is included Between birth_empty and birth_filled the elements will be slowly filled with material This means that the density of the element and the total pressure pore pressure in case groundflow is present will be scaled with a factor 0 at time birth_empty up to a factor 1 at time birth_filled To prevent numerical problems at low gravity any plasticity data will be ignored when an element is being filled after the element is completely filled plasticity will become active plasticity data will be applied 7 713 group_truss_area index A Cross sectional area for a truss The
365. ss accurate but fast Default if safety_slip_circle_line_segment_n is not specified then 90 segments will be used 7 890 safety slip combined linear indez x_first 0 y_first 0 x_first 1 y_first 1 2_last 0 y_last 0 x_last 1 y_last 1 This record specifies combined linear lines along which the safety factor should be calculated All data with first specifies the first combined linear line The z_first 0 y_first 0 specifies the first point of the first line piece of the first combined linear line the x_first 1 y_first 1 specifies the second point of the first line piece of the first combined linear line The w_first 2 y_first 2 specifies the first point of the second line piece of the first combined linear line the x_first 3 y first 3 specifies the second point of the second line piece of the first combined linear line etc All data with last specifies the last combined linear line The zx last 0 y_last 0 specifies the first point of the first line piece of the last combined linear line the z_first 1 y_first 1 specifies the second point of the first line piece of the last combined linear line The z_last 2 y_last 2 specifies the first point of the second line piece of the last combined linear line the z_first 3 y_first 3 specifies the second point of the second line piece of the last combined linear line etc This last combined linear line should have an equal number of points as the first combined linear line With safety _slip_combined_linear
366. st name comes from the first dofoperat in post_calcul the second name comes from the second dofoperat in post_calcul etc You can find this record in the dbs file after a calculation 7 796 post calcul limit lower_0 upper_0 lower_1 upper_1 With this record you can specify the lower and upper allowed values for all calculated results With lower_dof_0 you specify the lower allowed value for the first result With upper_dof_0 you specify the upper allowed value for the first result Etc 7 797 post calcul materi stress force average switch See first post_calcul_materi_stress_force_element_group This post_calcul_materi_stress_force_average option is only available for quad9 and hex27 elements It can be used if forces and moments are primarily calculated in two opposing end faces of the quad9 and hex27 element If switch set to yes the forces and moments of nodes in the plane between the two end faces will be set to the averaged values from the forces and moments on the two opposing end faces Tf switch set to no this is not done Default switch is yes 7 798 post_calcul_materi_stress_force_direction_exclude dir_x dir_y dir_z See first post_calcul_materi_stress_force_element_group 269 In 3D Tochnog needs to know for which element sides it should determine forces and moments For this purpose you need to specify this direction dir_x dir_y dir_z All element sides with normals in this direction will be neglected no forces and
367. sticity model The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 635 group materi hyper volumetric polynomial inder K0 K_1 Parameters for the polynomial volumetric hyperelasticity model The index specifies the ele ment_group see element_group 237 7 636 group_materi_hyper_volumetric_simo_taylor index K Parameter for the simo taylor volumetric hyperelasticity model The index specifies the ele ment_group see element_group 7 637 group_materi_maxwell_chain index EU t0 E_n 1 t_n 1 In total n parallel maxwell chains are defined with stiffness E_0 relaxation time t_0 etc The number n should equal materi_maxwell_stress in the input initialization part The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 638 group materi membrane index switch If switch is set to yes the zz stress becomes zero in 2D and the yy and zz stress become zero in 1D in combination with axi symmetry in 1D only the yy stress becomes zero since zz is the axi symmetric direction If group materi_membrane is not used the plane strain conditions are used Always the z thickness is 1 in 3D and the y and z thickness are 1 in 2D see however also volume_factor The group_materi_membrane option cannot be used in combination with group_materi_elasti_compressil group_materi_hyperelasticity and group_materi_viscosity The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 639 group_materi_memory index memory_type Either
368. supplied routine for interface stresses as function of displacements will be called You can set parameters for the routine via group_interface_materi_stress_displacement_use In case the normal stress in the interface is not negative the interface is considered to be opened and the shear stress will be lowered by the factor group_interface_materi residual stiffness 7 589 group interface_materi_stress_displacement_user_parameters index switch See group_interface_materi_stress_displacement_tangential_diagram 7 590 group interface_groundflow_total pressure tension index strain_normal_minimi water_height Using this option you can control that the water pressure in an interface element is at least the value as determined from the specified water_height More precise if the static water pore pressure as determined from the water density the gravity and the water_height exceeds the pore water pressure from the groundflow equation in absolute terms this static water pressure actually is 230 used This in only done if the interface normal strain displacement different between interface sides exceeds strain_normal_minimum This option comes handy to take care that in cracks in concrete actually the largest water pressure from an environment is used It so ensures that a critical safety analysis for concrete cracking is obtained 7 591 group interface tangential reference point index point_x point_y point This data record defines a ref
369. t e Use total_linear for the material or do this e Initialise materi_velocity and materi_velocity_integrated e Use fixed_in_space for mesh e Use updated_linear for the material 10 8 Dynamic calculations Dynamic calculations are triggered by setting inertia apply yes Take care that you have specified all required data like material density etc Also take care that you use sufficient small timesteps to prevent artificial numerical damping In case you need to be sure that there is no artificial numerical damping you can use the following piece of input file Also see dynamic2 dat in the test calculations in your distribution for an example materi_displacement materi_velocity materi_acceleration end_initia 309 inertia_apply yes control_timestep control_timestep_iterations 1 control_timestep_iterations_extra no In case you can accept a bit damping but not too much use materi_displacement materi_velocity materi_acceleration end_initia inertia_apply yes control_timestep control_timestep_iterations_extra no To get damping quite similar to rayleigh damping in structural dynamics use group_materi damping similar to rayleigh damping mass term use alpha material density group_materi_viscosity similar to rayleigh damping stiffness term use beta material young 10 9 Input file syntax e If you don t understand the syntax of an option please look in the
370. t file itself Read at least once the start of the data part introduction section 2 3 Pre and postprocessing You can use GID both for preprocessing mesh generation and post processing plotting GID is commercially available at the www gidhome com Internet page A free demo version of is available for download Alternatively to GID you can use Mecway for preprocessing and post processing Mecway is commercially available at the mecway com Internet page It is very affordable and also has build in FE calculations It is only available on MS Windows however A free demo version of is available for download You can also use GMSH both for preprocessing and post processing GMSH is freely available at www geuz org gmsh Postprocessing files are written for the visualisation program paraview The paraview program is freely available at www paraview org 43 Furthermore postprocessing files are written for the visualisation program tecplot These tecplot are less well maintained then the files for other postprocessing programs With gnuplot you can plot files resulting from control_print_history and control_print_data_versus_data Also any other x y plotting program can be used for such files 2 4 Space discretization time discretization The computational domain is divided into finite elements The elements connect at nodes Ei ther one dimensional 1D two dimensional 2D three dimensional 3D or axi symmetrical 2D domains
371. t if con trol_timestep_reduce_automatic_stop is not specified then switch is set to yes 7 345 control_timestep_reduce_displacement index maximum_component This option allows you to control the maximum allowed displacement per step in a calculation In fact the maximum displacement component in either x direction y direction or z direction anywhere in the structure is checked If is exceeds the maximum_component then the timestep size is lowered This option cannot be used i c w other control_timestep_iterations_automatic and con trol timestep _reduce_automatic options 7 346 control timestep_ until data index data_item_name_0 data_item_index_0 data_item_number_0 data_ittem_name_1 data_item_index_1 data_item_number_1 With this record you can specify conditions for which the timesteps with the same index should be stopped For each specified data item name index and number you can specify a mnimum value in control_timestep_until_minimum and a maximum value in control_timestep_until_ maximum A typical example control_timestep 10 control_timestep_until_data 10 post_point_dof 3 velx control_timestep_until_minimum 10 120 control_timestep_until_maximum 10 120 7 347 control timestep until maximum index maximum_0 mazimum_1 7 348 control_timestep_until_mimimum index mimimum_0 mimimum_1 7 349 control truss rope apply index switch If switch is set to no any truss rope data in the input file will be ignored This
372. t an edge The damping_normal specifies the normal damping of the support per unit length in 2D and per unit area in 3D The damping_tangential specifies the tangential damping This option is meant for 2D and 3D calculations If you want to use support_edge_ normal damping to absorb stress wave at the boundaries of the mesh think of vibration or earthquake analysis there are typical values to be used for the normal and tangential damping For absorbing boundaries the damping_normal typically should be set to CnpVn The parameter Cn typically is chosen as 1 The p is the material density The pressure wave velocity is Vp Foca with oedometric stiffness Eoed aS where E is the Young s modulus and v is Poisson s ratio For absorbing boundaries the damping_tangential typically should be set to C pV The parameter C n typically is chosen as 0 25 The shear wave velocity is V S with shear modulus G E 2 1 1 Also the records support_edge_normal and support_edge_normal_geometry should be spec ified Attention this option is only available for linear and quadratic isoparametric elements See also control_support_edge_normal_stiffness_freeze and node_support_edge_normal force See also support_edge_normal_damping for automatic specification of damping properties 7 936 support_edge_normal_damping_automatic index switch If you set switch to yes this record generates damping just like the support_edge_normal_damping re
373. t index x_c y_c radius side_x side_y tolerance 205 obese 206 7 478geometry_cylinder_part index 0 y 0 20 2 1 y 1 21 radius angle_start_0 an gle_end_0 angle_start_1 angle_end_1 tolerance o o ooo o 7 479geometry_cylinder_part_start_vector index v_z v_y v_ 206 23 7 480geometry_cylinder_segment index 2 0 y_0 20 2 1 y_1 z_1 radius side_x side_y 7 482geometry_element_geometry index element_geometry_0 element_geometry_1 207 7 483geometry_element_geometry_method index method o 207 e 207 Peat ROY On ee eee S 208 a Cet Bot Bl Pane eee ere H 208 7 487geometry hexahedral index 2 0 y_0 20 x1 y_1 21 2 y2 2 228 y_8 23 T4 YA Z4 T YO Z LO YO ZD LT UT STL 208 7 488geometry_line index 1 0 y 0 z 0 x_1 y_1 z1 radius 208 ii a Be Ae ee a 209 be de MS ne of A Be oe 209 AE ak RA a a S 209 Bog Be Ee A ds a a a 209 7 493geometry_polynomial index ay a an 7 0 1 1 y 0 y_1 tolerance 209 7 494geometry_quadrilateral index 1 0 y_0 2 0 2 1 y_1 21 2 2 y2 22 a taa a 210 aa ei 210 7 496geometry_set index geometry_entity_0 geometry_entity_ index_0 geometry_entity_1 geometry_entity indez_1 ooo ee a a a 7 497geometry_sphere index z_c y_c zc radius tolerance 1 2 ee ee 210 7 498geometry_sphere_segment index x_c y_c zc radius side_x side_y side_z tolerance 211 7 499geometry tetrahedral inderx0y0z0x1y1z2z1x2y22203y3z23 211 7 500geometry_triangle index 1 0
374. t to the gid files so that any discontinuity in fields can be seen If method is set to node_elemen results will be written with continuous fields to the gid files but at group jumps discontinuous fields are allowed For element and node_elemen gid cannot plot some results like contour fill for all elements if there are several type of elements quad4 tria3 in the mesh You can only select on specific element type for the plot If this control_print_gid_method record is not specified then method is set to node 7 274 control_print_gid_old index switch If switch is set to yes prism s will be plotted as tet s in GID If switch is set to no prism s will be plotted as prism s in GID when possible Default if switch is not specified switch is set to no 7 275 control_print_gid_other index switch If switch is set to yes also other things like boundary conditions mesh deformation etc are printed in the gid files If switch is set to no these other things are not printed in the gid files Default switch is set to yes 7 276 control print gid save difference index switch If switch is set to yes then data differences relative to a saved status will be plotted See con trol data_save 7 277 control_print_gid_safety_slip critical index switch If switch is set to yes then for a safety analysis with control_safety_slip only the critical slip surface will be plotted Default if switch is not set all eva
375. t_group_sequence_element is not specified then all elements will be used Specification of new element group numbers in time With area_element_group_sequence_time and area_element_group_sequence_element_group you select time points at which groups should become active for example group_0 becomes active at time_0 etc Remarks Remark 1 If you want the stresses strains etc to be reset to 0 when the element group changes then use a control_reset_geometry record for that Remark 2 It is more convenient and clear to use the start_define end_define option to define the geometries Examples Example area_element_group_sequence_geometry 0 geometry_brick 1 area_element_group_sequence_element 0 hex8 area _element_group sequence time 0 0 2 3 area _element_group_ sequence element_group 0 1 5 4 group type 1 group_type 5 group type 4 103 control_reset_geometry 10 geometry_brick 1 In the selected geometry element group 1 will be used starting from time 0 for elements hex8 Starting from time 2 element group 5 will be used etc Same example now with defines however start_define soil_empty_wall geometry_brick 1 end_define area_element_group_sequence_geometry 0 soil empty_wall area_element_group_sequence_ element 0 hex8 area_element_group_sequence_time 0 0 2 3 area_element_group_sequence_element_group 0 1 5 4 group type 1 group_type 5 group_type 4 control_reset_geometry 10 soil_em
376. t_y point 219 bb Mh Got Been a e eth a 219 Pee a Awa A he A 219 oc bh ew A ee AE ed Be eh we RG 219 a BS GT Gece ah Da oe tv ee cle ee ee ee He 219 Lote ee ee ans Ge Bo see 220 7 547group_condif density index denar 220 is pigs Gage Ae eS a 220 7 549group_contact_spring_direction index dirN dirN dirN 220 7 550group_contact_spring direction automatic index switch 220 evi Ao eden oa dhe 6 4 ale H 220 7 552group_contact_spring_plasti_friction index T 221 7 553group_contact_spring plasti_friction_automatic index switch 7 555group_contact_spring_memory index memory_type 00 221 7 556group_contact_spring stiffness indez ky kr 2 o 221 7 00 group_dof initial index dof_0 dof_1 7 558group_dof initial_specific_number index do 7 559group dof_initial_specific_value index value_0 value_grad_x value_grad_y value_grad_ Ea a a GG ee ete ee 222 7 561group_groundflow_consolidation_apply indez switch 222 a PG Bake ae ak lg ea ak a Ie es 222 7 563group_groundflow_nonsaturated_vangenuchten indet Sresidu Ssat Ya Jl Gn 222 7 564group_groundflow_permeability index pe pey Ple ooo oo 222 7 565group_groundflow_total_pressure_tension index plastic_tension_minimum wa Tie dha hats so oe dase hd bc enw oe Ls 223 7 566group_hinge memory index memory_type o o 223 7 067group_hinge_elasti_penalty index penalty oo o 223 26 7 068group_hinge_elast
377. tact_target_geometry 123 7 101 contact_target_element_group element_group_0 element_group_1 This records defines the element groups for which the elements function as target in a contact analysis It is advised to use different element groups for the contacting and target elements so that the contact algorithm can distinguish between both The target element group should consist of more than 1 layer of elements in contact direction so only one layer of target elements is not allowed The contacter should be smaller of size than the target See also contact_target_geometry 7 102 contact target geometry index geometry_entity_item geometry_entity_index This record specifies a contact geometry Contacting nodes are forced to stay at the outward normal side of the contact geometry The allowed geometries and their material outward normals are listed below e If a geometry_point is used in 1D the normal is in positive x direction e If a geometry _line is used in 2D the normal is the outer product of 3 direction and the line direction from point 0 to point 1 e If a geometry circle is used in 2D the normal is the outward direction at the circle e Ifa geometry_circle is used in 3D the normal is the outward direction on the circle surface e If a geometry_ellipse is used in 2D the normal is the outward direction at the ellipse e If a geometry_sphere is used in 3D the normal is the outward direction at the sphere e If a geo
378. tart_refined the initial start nodal coordinates for elements are used to determine for which material point inside elements the dof s should be determined thus you get dof results for the material at the initial start moment presented on the point or line Default if this record is not set node_type is set to node_start_refined 7 505 groundflow_apply switch If switch is set to no then the groundflow equation is skipped and all groundflow data is ignored This is done for all timesteps 7 506 groundflow consolidation apply switch If switch is set to no then the material divergence part in the groundflow equation is skipped This is done for all timesteps Default switch is no 7 507 groundflow density p Density of ground water 7 508 groundflow flux edge normal index flux Distributed prescribed water flux in the direction of the outward normal at the edge of a element This distributed flux is translated into equivalent nodal flux on the edges of elements Also the record groundflow_flux_edge_normal_geometry should be specified and optionally the record groundflow_flux_edge_normal_time can be specified Attention this option is only available for linear and quadratic isoparametric elements Attention if this option is used INSIDE a FE mesh then the elements on each side will get the distributed flux So the total water flux will normally become zero since the normals of the elements at the side of the geometry are
379. tated to 3D Furthermore control_input will available afterwards so that all 3d data can be set in an extra input file which is read after the mesh rotation 149 If you use any history variables in the model these should be scalars and thus not vectors or matrices otherwise rotation will not go ok for the history variables 7 220 control_mesh rotate_angle index angle With angle you can specify an angle in degrees up to which the mesh rotation should be done for the control mesh rotate with the same index Typically you could use 90 degrees or 180 degrees for angle Default if this control_mesh_rotate_angle is not specified angle will be set to 360 7 221 control mesh split index switch If switch is set to yes then each quad4 element is split into four tria3 elements and each hex8 element is split into twelve tet4 elements Further each quad9 element is split into four tria6 elements and each hex27 element is split into six tet10 elements Further each tria6 element is split into four tria3 elements See the rules for old and new at control_mesh_refine_globally See also control_mesh_split_element_to and control_mesh_split_only Splitting a 3D mesh will only work correctly on certain regular grids you need to check the splitted mesh 7 222 control_mesh_split_element_from index name Split only elements with the specified name 7 223 control mesh split element to index name If you are splitting hex8 elements
380. tch to no then elements will actually use the averaged nodal results and will not remember its own values Default if global_element_dof_apply is not specified global_element_dof_apply is set to yes See also global_element_dof_from_node_dof 7 503 global element dof from node dof switch If global_element_dof_apply is set to yes and the element_intpnt_dof record does not exist but node_dof records exist in the input file you can either require that the element_intpnt_dof records will be initialised from the node_dof records or will not be initialised from the node_dof 213 records If you set switch to yes the element_intpnt_dof records will be initialised from the node_dof records If you set switch to no the element _intpnt_dof records will not be initialised from the node_dof records Default if global_element_dof_from_node_dof is not specified switch is set to no 7 504 global_post_point node_type With this record you can determine how records like post_point control_print_dof_point and control_print_dof_line are evaluated If node_type is set to node the current nodal coordinates for elements are used to determine for which material point inside elements the dof s should be determined if you do an updated lagrange calculation in which the coordinates of nodes change so the node records change you get dof results for the material at the current moment presented on the point or line If node_type is set to node_s
381. te_gravity_time 7 748 mesh activate gravity geometry index geometry_item_name geometry_item_index See mesh_activate_gravity_time 7 749 mesh activate gravity method index method Set to method1 or method2 Default Tochnog will use method2 See mesh_activate_gravity_time 7 750 mesh activate gravity plasti apply index switch See mesh activate _gravity_time 7 751 mesh activate gravity stiffness factor index factor See mesh activate _gravity_time 7 752 mesh_activate_gravity_time index time_start time_end With this record you can slowly activate gravity for elements between time_start and time_end You can specify an element range with mesh_activate_gravity_element The elements you need to specify as elements range Possible formats for the elements are a number eg 5 a number range eg ra 5 4 8 ra or all elements all Or otherwise you can specify element group numbers with mesh_activate_gravity_element_group Or otherwise you can specify a geometry with mesh_activate_gravity_geometry so that ele ments completely in the geometry will be used Tochnog will activate the elements from the bottom to the top For each specific element the start time of activation is interpolated from the global time_start and time_end and the lowest coordinate of the element Likewise for the element end time of activation the highest coordinate is used 258 Typically take care that the timestep is so small that each timeste
382. temperature ttemp As a special option you can specify also by example element_group 1 in stead of a node range Then nodes of elements which have element_group set to 1 will get the prescribed boundary values As a special option you can specify also by example element_geometry 1 in stead of a node range Then nodes of elements which have element_geometry set to 1 will get the prescribed boundary values 108 As a special option you can specify also by example geometry_set 1 in stead of a node range Then nodes of elements which have any of the elements belonging to geometry_set 1 will get the prescribed boundary values Notice if several bounda_dof records act on a node only the record with the highest index will be used See also bounda_time bounda_sine bounda_constant bounda_dof_radial bounda_dof_cylindrical force_edge and force_volume 7 24 bounda dof cylindrical index x_first y_first z_first x_second y_second z_second Specially for velocity displacement dof s you can prescribe velocities cylindrical to a line specified with the point x_first y_first z_first and x_second y_second z_second in 1D only x values should be specified and in 2D only x y values should be specified Example bounda_dof 10 ra ldots ra velx vely velz bounda_dof_cylindrical 10 1 23 3 43 5 12 1 23 3 43 15 12 bounda_time 10 0 0 1 1 100 1 The velocity increases linearly in size away from the specified line at unit dista
383. tension cutoff strains in the laminates Status of laminates 60 The status of the mohr coulomb yield condition in the integration points of elements can be found after a calculation in element_intpnt_plasti_laminateO_mohr_coul_status etc Likewise the status of the tension yield condition can be found in element _intpnt_plasti_laminateO_tension_status etc Tension limiting plasticity model This group_materi_plasti_tension model uses a special definition for the equivalent stress This plasticity surface limits the allowable tension stresses A simple model for concrete can be obtained as follows Use group_materi_plasti_tension to limit the tension strength ft Use group_materi_plasti_vonmises to limit the compressive strength fc The tension strength could be softened to zero over an effective plastic strain x of say 1 percent The compressive strength could be softened to zero over an effective plastic strain k of say 10 percent Von Mises plasticity model The group_materi_plasti_vonmises model reads V35 oy 0 where without hardening the yield value is fixed oy yo If however the group_materi_plasti_vonmises_nadai hardening law for Von Mises plasticity is specified then Oy oyo C K0 k where C _0 and n are parameters for the hardening law and is the isotropic hardening param eter see later The parameter cyo is specified by group_materi_plasti_vonmises Isotropic Hardening and softening
384. ter 10 1 2 only use filter 1 and 2 control_timestep 20 control_print 20 control print filter 20 all use all filters All used filters are placed in line for a data item thus only data which passes all used filters for that data item will be printed 7 858 print gid calculation switch If you set switch to yes the gid files will be printed at the end of the calculation If you set switch to no the gid files will not be printed at the end of the calculation Default if switch is not specified it is set to yes 7 859 print_gid_contact_spring2 number_of_nodes Set number_of_nodes to 2 if you want to draw contact_spring2 with two nodes and to 1 if you want to draw contact_spring2 with one node Default if print_gid_contact_spring2 is not specified then 1 is used for number_of_nodes 7 860 print gid coord switch If switch is set to yes the coordinates of nodes is plotted in gid 284 7 861 print_gid_mesh activate_gravity switch See also mesh_activate_gravity_time 7 862 print_gid_old switch If switch is set to yes prism s will be plotted as tet s in GID If switch is set to no prism s will be plotted as Prime s in GID when possible Default if switch is not specified switch is set to no 7 863 print _gid spring2 number_of nodes Set number_of_nodes to 2 if you want to draw spring2 with two nodes and to 1 if you want to draw spring2 with one node Default if print_gid spring2 is not specified then 1 is u
385. ter point in the calculation you can plot with gid data relative to these saved data with control_print_gid_save_difference control_timestep 10 control_data_save 20 yes control_timestep 30 control_print_gid 40 separate_sequential control_print_gid_save_difference 40 yes 7 123 control_dependency_apply index switch If switch is set to yes dependencies as specified with dependency_diagram and dependency_item are included in the calculation If switch is set to no these dependencies are not included This is done for timestep records with the same index Default if control_dependency_apply is not specified then dependency_apply will be used 128 7 124 control distribute index distribution_type data_item_name data_item_index data_item_number Apply a random number based on a lognormal or normal distribution to the data_item_name records This is done for the index data_item_index and the data_item_number value in those records 0 for the first value 1 for the second value etc The data_item_index can optionally be set to all in stead of a specific index so that the distribution will be applied to all existing indices The distribution_type should be set to lognormal or normal Use the control_distribute_parameters record to set the mean value and standard deviation If you specify a group item for data_item_name for example group_materi_elasti_young or so then not the group item record self will be changed but
386. ter_a_apply counter_b_apply counter_c_apply and counter_d_apply are available They will be substituted by the current value of the counters without that the coun ters are incremented Conditional blocks Parts of the input file can be processed conditionally within start_if end_if blocks This is illustrated below with an example Example start_define do_complete_calculation true end_define start_if do_complete_calculation 96 end_if The part in the start_if end_if block is only done if do_complete_calculation is set to true like in the example If do_complete_calculation is set to false that part will be skipped You also can use start_if_not end_if_not blocks so that actions are NOT taken if the defined variable is set to true Control indices All possible data items are defined in the following sections It only makes sense to specify some of the data items before the calculation the other data items are only meant to be printed after the calculation The example below specifies a 1D temperature calculation echo no number_of_space_dimensions 1 condif_temperature end _initia node 1 0 node 2 1 node 3 2 element 1 bar2 1 2 element 2 bar2 2 3 bounda_dof 0 1 temp bounda_time 0 0 0 0 1 1 100 1 bounda_dof 1 3 temp bounda_time 1 0 0 0 0 100 0 O group type 0 condif group _condif density 0 1 0 group_condif_capacity 0 0 1 group_condif_conductivity 0 0 1 group_condif_flow 0 0 contr
387. teri_plasti_ and group_materi_umat records switch will be set to no Default switch is set to no See also control_convection_apply 7 354 convection stabilization switch Because of finite discretisation sometimes unrealistic results may be obtained wiggles etc If switch is set to yes results are stabilized with a minimal amount of artificial diffusion If switch is set to maximal results are stabilized with a maximal amount of artificial diffusion If switch is set to no results are not stabilized 7 355 data activate index data_item_name_0 data_item_name_1 switch With this record you can set data items to become activated if switch is set to yes or de activated if switch is set to no The data_item_name specifies a data record name 7 356 data activate time indez time Time point at which the record data_activate with the same index is evaluated If this record is not specified the data_activate is evaluated at the start of the calculation 7 357 data_delete index data_item_name index_range Similar to control_data_delete but now not as control record however 180 7 358 data_delete_time index time Time point at which the record data_delete with the same index is evaluated If this record is not specified the data_delete is evaluated at the start of the calculation 7 359 dependency apply switch If switch is set to yes dependencies like specified in dependency_diagram and dependency_item are included i
388. teri_strain_plasti_generalised_non_associate_cam_clay_for_bonded_soils The plastic strain eP specifically for the generalised non associate cam clay for bonded soils model is added to the node_dof records See also materi_strain_plasti 5 38 materi_strain_plasti_druckprag The plastic strain cv Pian specifically for the drucker prager model is added to the node_dof records See also materi_strain_plasti 5 39 materi_strain_plasti_hardsoil The plastic strain cv las specifically for the hardsoil model is added to the node_dof records See also materi_strain_plasti 5 40 materi_strain_plasti_laminate_mohr_coul This record initialises for the laminates materi_strain_plasti_laminateO_mohr_coul materi_strain plasti laminatel_mohr_coul etc up to materi_strain_plasti_laminate_mohr_coul The materi_strain_plasti_laminateO_mohr_coul is the mohr coulomb plastic strain specifically for laminate 0 the materi_strain _plasti_laminatel_mohr_coul is the mohr coulomb plastic strain specifically for laminate 1 etc The materi_strain_plasti_laminate_mohr_coul is the mohr coulomb plastic strain for all lam inates together See also materi_strain_plasti 5 41 materi strain plasti laminate tension This record initialises for the laminates materi_strain_plasti_laminate0_tension materi_strain _plasti laminate tension etc up to materi_strain _plasti_laminate tension 7 The materi_strain_plasti_laminate0_tension is the tension cutoff pl
389. terial is fully defined by E Ez v1 va and G2 This set of pa rameters leads directly to a set of elasticity coefficients Ciki The parameters can be given in group_materi_elasti_transverse_isotropy The nonlinear elasticity polynomials is a strain dependent model In this model the young s stiffness modulus is made dependent of the size of the strains via a series of polynomials E Eo Ere E2 1 where ES Vleijeiz 2 with the components of the strain matrix The parameters Fo etc need to be specified in the group_materi_elasti_young_polynomial record The power law nonlinear elasticity is a stress dependent model which typically is used to model the elastic behavior of granular materials It can be combined with plastic models for example with the di Prisco plasticity model for soils and with a poisson ratio 50 In this model the young s stiffness modulus is made a function of the average stress state E Eo p po 3 where p is the pressure Furthermore Eo is the reference stiffness at reference pressure po and is a soil dependent power coefficient The parameters Eo po and a need to be specified in the group_materi_elasti_young_power record The stiffness matrix Cijx for the Borja Tamagnini nonlinear elasticity model is specified in The model contains Go a k and Pr as user specified constants which need to be specified in the group_materi_elasti_borja_tamagnini recor
390. the interface element follow from normal strains multiplied with kn stress normal kn strain normal Shear stresses in the interface element in the first tangential direction follow from shear strains in the first tangential direction multiplied with kt first stress shear first kt first shear gamma first 2 kt first strain shear first Shear stresses in the interface element in the second tangential direction follow from shear strains in the second tangential direction multiplied with kt second stress shear second kt second shear gamma second 2 kt second strain shear second The kt second should be specified for 3D interfaces only Too high values for interface stiffness will cause convergence problems in calculations Thus if you are running a calculation with interface elements and you are experiencing convergence problems please try lower values for the interface stiffnesses Typically the normal interface stiffness can be chosen as 10 times the Young s modulus of the neigbouring isoparametric element divided by the length of that element in normal direction Typically the tangential interface stiffness can be chosen as half of the normal interface stiffness A 3d example number_of_space_dimensions 3 group_interface_materi_elasti_stiffness 0 0 10000e 11 0 50000e 10 0 50000e 10 7 578 group_interface_materi_elasti_stiffness_normal_diagram indez strain normal 0 strain normal 1 kn 0 kn 1 Same as group interfa
391. the same nodes as the old original elements 7 165 control mesh extrude index z0 z1 22 Option to extrude a 2D mesh to 3D The 2D mesh has x y z coordinates with z 0 The 3D mesh will have x y z coordinates You need to specify in the initialisation part number_of_space_dimensions to 3 With z0 z1 z2 etc you specify the coordinates of the layers to which the 2D coordinates will be extruded With n0 nl n2 you specify the number of elements that will be generated in each layer nO specifies the number of elements between z0 and z1 n1 specifies the number of elements between zl and z2 etc for the last n value you always should use a 1 this is a dummy value that is not used for any layer at all Extrusion must be done before doing mesh refinements mesh splitting etc 7 166 control _ mesh extrude direction index dir Default extrusion is done in the global z direction Optionally you can set dir to y and then extrusion is done in global y direction 137 7 167 control mesh extrude element index name If you extrude tria6 elements you can set name either to prism12 or prism18 Then either the 12 node or 18 node prismatic elements will be generated Default if this control_mesh_extrude_element is not set then prism18 is used for name See also control_mesh_extrude_n and optionally control_mesh_extrude_element_group 7 168 control_mesh_extrude_contact_spring_element_group index element_group_0 element_group_1 S
392. ti_hypo_history As an alternative to specify the e you can spec ify the OCR at the start of the calculation in group_materi_plasti_hypo_masin_ocr which is used to determine the initial e via e exp N AY In OCR A In p p 1 Wolffersdorff law The law proposed by WOLFFERSDORFF 18 is used Gig Lakit faNij V t r Lijki dki faY malla Here the part with Lijk gives a linear relation between strain rates and stress rates and the part with N gives a nonlinear relation The constitutive tensors Lijk and faNij are functions of the effective stress tensor o and void ratio e In the above d denotes the strain rate tensor e Y denotes the degree of nonlinearity Y L7 N and the flowrule m is defined by m L7 NI where a denotes euclidian normalisation 1 Lijkt fo fez Light U nn U mn Fa Nij fofe 015 i j ffe gogg Gu 65 and Gi 0 j OmnOmn 0 Fig seu Lijkt sings v3 3 sin pe 2 2 sin po 1 2 tan 1 F tan y 4 a tany 8 2 2tanwcos30 2 2 a O ki tany V3 57 07 cos30 V6 eos PR For the Lijk above we have Lut F Ligia 07 8561 For 67 0is F 1 The scalar factors fy fe and fa take into account the influence of mean pressure and density B l n aq 1 do dE hs 2 1 e atu E La ova S2 2 n eco ei hs eco Edo e ld S ie c Ed y o and fe L ol 64 Three
393. ting from normal stress in cross section post_element_force 10 0 1 1 0 z_pile y_pile post_element_force_geometry 10 pile_cross_section post_element_force_group 10 pile_group Here pile_cross_section is a geometry line through the cross section of the pile The force along the shaft force resulting from shear stress along shaft post_element_force 10 0 1 1 0 z_pile y_pile_bottom post_element_force_geometry 10 pile_shaft post_element_force_group 10 pile_group post_element_force_force 10 yes post_element_force_inertia 10 yes Here pile_shaft is a geometry line containing only nodes of the pile shaft The force at the pile toe force resulting from normal stress at pile tip post_element_force 10 0 1 1 0 a_pile y_pile_bottom post_element_force_geometry 10 pile_toe post_element_force_group 10 pile_group post_element_force_force 10 yes post_element_force_inertia 10 yes Here pile_toe is a geometry line containing only nodes of the pile toe 275 The complete force on the pile post_element_force 10 0 1 1 0 a_pile y_pile_bottom post_element_force_geometry 10 pile_complete post_element_force_group 10 pile_group post_element_force_force 10 yes post_element_force_inertia 10 yes Here pile_complete is a geometry line containing all nodes of the pile Also see the example calculation force14 dat and force17 dat 7 814 post element force force index switch See post_element_force 7 815 post element for
394. tion should be 2 or larger 7 339 control timestep _iterations_automatic_stop index switch If you set switch in control timestep iterations_automatic_stop to yes then the calculation does stop if the minimal timestep size is reached If you set switch in control_timestep_iterations_automatic to no then the calculation does not stop if the minimal timestep size is reached and the present timestepping will be finished If you set switch in control_timestep_iterations_automatic_stop to continue then the calculation does not stop if the minimal timestep size is reached and the present timestepping will not be finished Default if control_timestep_iterations_automatic_stop is not specified then switch is set to yes 7 340 control_timestep_iterations_extra index switch If switch is set to yes an extra iteration is performed at the end of each timestep The extra iteration takes care that strains and stresses become consistent with the calculated velocity and displacement field If switch is set to no the extra iteration is not done This option is usefull in dynamic structural calculations where you want to eliminate artificial dynamical damping Such artificial damping is caused by relatively large timesteps which may be needed to get realistic computer times When you set control_timestep_iterations_extra to no and control_timestep_iterations to 1 the numerical scheme is such that there is no artificial 177 numerical damping in th
395. tity_inder_1 See control mesh truss_distribute_mpc 7 235 control_mpc_element_group index switch If switch is set to yes the mpc_element_group records will be evaluated at all timesteps for the current control index If switch is set to no the mpc_element_group records will only be evaluated when the mesh has been changed Default if control_mpc_element_group is not specified the switch is set to no 7 236 control_mpc_element_group_frequency_timeinterval index timeinter val Similar to control_print_frequency_timeinterval but now working on control_mpc_element_group records however This option is convenient to save computer time 7 237 control_mpc_element_group_frequency_timestep index timestep Similar to control_print_frequency_timestep but now working on control_mpc_element_group records however This option is convenient to save computer time 7 238 control plasti apply index switch If switch is set to no any plasticity data in the input file will be ignored This is done for timestep records with the same index This option is convenient for testing your input file just linear without the need to outcomment each and every part with plasticity data See also plasti_apply 7 239 control_post index switch You can save cpu time in timesteps with the same index by setting switch to no which prevents post_calcul commands to be evaluated in these timesteps 7 240 control_post_element_force index switch You ca
396. tochnog test other direc tory for example files Under linux search for the command eg grep control_print_filter dat to get example files with control_print_filter 10 10 Check large calculations e Set both solver none and linear_calculation_apply yes run and check in gid the boundary conditions forces change of element groups etc In a complex model you can check geometries that you use by imposing an artificial boundary on them eg bounda_dof temp with value 1 and look in gid if you see that boundary condition showing up at the correct nodes e Only set linear_calculation_apply yes run and check linear solution fields e Do not set anything special run and check solution fields 310 10 11 Diverging calculations Try the linear elements bar2 quad4 tria3 hex8 and tet4 in stead of quadratic elements Try solver_matrix_save no always setup new system matrix Try group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul_direct i s o group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul Try small fixed timesteps do not use automatic time stepping Try more iterations with control timestep_iterations Try a lower interface stiffness Try higher water capacity in calculation with consolidation so water less stiff anyway not too stiff relative to soil Set group_interface_materi_residual_stiffness to 1 10 12 Saving CPU time Check that the computer doesn t swap to disk use top in linux and task manager in win dows In case of swapping lowe
397. tory The history variable abs p for the hardsoil plasticity model is added to the node_dof records It contains the maximum pressure history 5 23 materi plasti hypo history number_of_history_variables The history variables for the hypo plasticity models are added to the node_dof records You need to set number_of_hypo_history_variables to at least to 4 or for the group_materi_plasti_masin model i c w group_materi_plasti_masin_structure to at least to 5 The first history variable contains the void ratio and should be initialized by initially specifying node_dof records The second history variable will be filled with the time step size of the hy poplastic substepping scheme The third history variable will be filled with the mobilized friction angle this is meant for postprocessing only The fourth history variable will be filled with the a measure of the effective stiffness following from the hypoplasticity law Mijxi Mijn this is meant for postprocessing only The fifth history variable for the masin law will be filled with the structure variable s and should be initialized by initially specifying node_dof records The sixth history variable will be filled with the OCR value and is only meant for printing and plotting thus should not be initialized by initially specifying node_dof records you need to set num ber_of_history_variables at least to 6 The seventh history variable will be filled with the density index Ig oq an
398. trol print frequency timeinterval record should only be used in com bination with control timestep with the same index All control _print_ printing will be influenced except control_print control_print_history and control_print_data_versus_data printing Example control_timestep 10 0 04 0 41 control_print_gid 10 yes control_print_frequency_timeinterval 10 0 15 In this example gid data is written at times 0 16 0 32 0 41 7 262 control _print_frequency_timestep index timestep This control_print_frequency_timestep record causes control _print_gid control _print_tecplot etc to be done each time after a number of time timesteps has passed and always also at the end of the time increment This control_print_frequency_interval record should only be used in combination with control_timestep with the same index All control_print_ printing will be influenced except control print control print_history and control _print_data_versus_data printing Example 158 control_timestep 10 0 04 0 41 control_print_gid 10 yes control_print_frequency_timestep 10 5 In this example gid data is written at times 0 20 0 40 0 41 7 263 control_print_gid index switch Print the mesh and the dof s in a file which can be plotted with the GID pre post processor if switch is set to yes For example if the input file is called turbine dat then the mesh is written in the turbine_flavia msh file The results are written in the turbine_flavia re
399. trol_print_database_method index method 0244 153 7 247control_print_data_versus_data index data_ittem_name_0 indez_0 number_0 data_item_name_l index_1 number ll en 7 248control_print_dof index switch oo oo 154 7 249control_print_dof line index switch 2 oo 154 7 250control_print_dof_line_coordinates index x 0 y 0 20 21 y 12112y222 154 A 154 arc ra a Se 154 7 253control_print_dof line_time index switch oo o 155 7 254control print_dof point index switch oo 155 both et hd a oe A 155 7 256control_print_dof_point_time index switch 155 7 257control_print_dof_rhside index switch 0 e 155 E tearing al ae BN foresee 155 KT R 156 7 260control_print_filter index print_filter_index_0 print_filter_indez_1 156 7 261control_print_frequency_timeinterval index timeintervall 156 7 262control_print_frequency_timestep index meste 156 7 263control_print_gid index switch 157 7 264control_print_gid_beam_vectors index switch oo o o 158 158 P 159 7 267control_print_gid_coord index switch oo o 159 7 268control_print_gid_dof index initialisation_name_O initralisation name_1 159 7 269control_print_gid_dof_calcul index calcul_0 calcul_1 159 7 270control_print_gid_element_group index element_group_0 element_group_1 159 7 2 1control_print_gid_empty index switch oo o 159 7 272control print_gid_mesh
400. try_bounda_sine_x indez a b This sets for the geometrical entity with the same index an extra factor which is used for the bounda_dof and the bounda_force records The factor gives a sinus variation in x direction The size of the factor is sin a b a 7 471 geometry bounda sine y indez a b This sets for the geometrical entity with the same index an extra factor which is used for the bounda_dof and the bounda_force records The factor gives a sinus variation in y direction The size of the factor is sin a b y 7 472 geometry_bounda sine_z index a b This sets for the geometrical entity with the same index an extra factor which is used for the bounda_dof and the bounda_force records The factor gives a sinus variation in z direction The size of the factor is sin a b x z 7 473 geometry brick index xc yc zc La Ly lz tolerance This data item defines a brick in space Other data items can check if nodes are located on this geometry The coordinate of the center is zc yc zc The length in respectively xz y and z direction are Lx ly lz All node within a distance tolerance are considered to be part of the brick 7 474 geometry_circle index x_c y_c radius tolerance This data item defines a circle in space Other data items can check if nodes are located on this geometry The coordinate of the center is zc y_c In 2D you need to specify zt_c y_c radius tolerance In 2D all node within a distance tolerance of the radius are cons
401. try_item_inde 7 749mesh_activate_gravity_method indez method o o 256 7 o00mesh_activate_gravity_plasti_apply index switch 24 256 TT 256 7 752mesh_activate_gravity_time index time_start time_end 256 7 o3mesh_activate_gravity_time_initial index time_of_birth 257 7 754mesh_activate_gravity_time_strain_settlement index switch 257 7 750mesh_ boundary switch aooaa aa ee 257 7 7o6mesh_correct Switch 258 7 757mesh_correct_reference_poldt ry f aaa o 258 7 758mesh_interface triangle_coordinates index coord_x_0 coord_y_0 coord_z_0 coord_x_1 coord_y_1 coord_z_1 coord_x_2 coord_y_2 coord_z_2 7 759mesh_interface triangle element_group indez element_group 258 7 760mpc_element_group index element_group_0 element_group_l 259 259 geometry_entity_indez_l iaa e sah ooo o e 7 766mpc_geometry_method indez method oo 260 aa 260 Vd ono d Baa dado aS 260 7 769mpc_geometry_dof index dof_0 dof 1 0000 ee ee 260 7 7 0mpc_linear_quadratic switch o o 260 7 7711mpc_node factor index factor_10 factor_11 factor_20 factor_21 33 7 77 node_dof index dof_0 dol lo ooo 262 7 778node_dof_calcul indez oo o 262 7 779node_dof_start_refined index dof_0 dof 1 2 0 0 0 0 00000000 263 7 780node_force index force_z force_y forced 6 a 263 7 781node geometry present index geometry_
402. tsuoka H Sun D A Konda T 1994 A constitutive law from frictional to cohesive materials Proc XIII ICSMFE New Delhi Vol 1 403 406 14 Niemunis A Herle I 1997 Hypoplastic model for cohesionless soils with elastic strain range Mechanics of Cohesive Frictional Materials Vol 2 279 299 15 Niemunis A 2003 Extended hypoplasticity models for soils Bochum ISSN 1439 9342 314 16 Nuebel K 2002 Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Shear Localization in Granular 17 18 19 20 Material Dissertation Fakultaet fuer Bauingenieur und Vermessungswesen der Universitaet Karlsruhe TH ISSN 0453 3267 Schanz T 1998 Zur Modellierung des mechanischen Verhaltens von Reibungsmaterialen Mitteilung 45 Institut fuer Geotechnik Universitaet Stuttgart von Wolffersdorff P A 1996 A hypoplastic relation for granular materials with a predefined limit state surface Mechanics of Cohesive Frictional Materials Vol 1 251 271 Wood D M 1990 Soil behaviour and critical state soil mechanics Cambridge University Press Undrained compressibility of saturated soil S E Blouin J K Kwang Applied Research Associatives Inc New England division Box 120A Waterman Road South Royalton VT 05068 13 february 1984 Technical report Defense Nuclear Report 315
403. type You can set here the solver type to one of solvers as specified in control_solver The solver set here holds for the entire calculation as opposed to the control_solver which only holds for the corresponding time steps In fact each control_solver will be overwritten by a specified solver 295 When using the bicg solver consider also setting solver_matrix_symmetric to yes in order to speed up the speed of the bicg solver 7 919 solver_bicg_error error With error you set the termination error ratio between the initial and final error in the bicg iterations See also control_solver_bicg_error 7 920 solver_bicg restart nrestart With nrestart you set the number of restarts in the bicg iterations See also control_solver_bicg_restart 7 921 solver_bicg_stop switch If switch is set to yes the calculation is stopped if the bicg solver does not converge If switch is set to no the calculation is not stopped if the bicg solver does not converge See also control_solver_bicg_stop 7 922 solver_matrix_save switch If switch is set to yes the solver saves and applies the decomposed matrix but not in case Tochnog thinks for some reason that the matrix needs to be decomposed at each timestep This can save CPU time since further decompositions of the matrix are not required anymore only backsubstitution to find the solution vector If switch is set to no the solver does not save the decomposed matrix If switch
404. uilding processes excavations etc Nodes from the second mesh will be located in the first mesh and doffields will be interpolated from the first mesh to the second mesh In case a node from the second mesh is not inside any isoparametric element of the first mesh the value for the dof s as specified in the optional bounda_print_mesh_dof_values will be used In bounda_print_mesh_dof values you need to specify values for each and every dofthat was specified with print_mesh_dof in the first calculation If the node of the second mesh cannot be found in the first mesh and also bounda_print_mesh_dof_values is not specified then the dof s will be taken from the closest node of the first mesh Results for the second mesh will be linearly interpolated in time from results of the first mesh Example first calculation in which only a temperature field is calculated echo yes number_of space_dimensions 2 condif temperature end initia print_mesh_dof temp control timestep 10 control_print_mesh_dof 10 yes print in print_mesh_dof txt Example second calculation in which the temperature field calculated in the first calculation is imposed echo yes number_of space_dimensions 2 condif temperature materi_velocity materi_displacement materi_stress end initia bounda_print_mesh_dof temp bounda_print_mesh_dof_ values 20 read from bounda_mesh_dof txt 286 7 868 print_node_geometry_present switch See node_geometry_present
405. uld also include tension cut off preferably with group_materi_plasti tension direct Mohr Coulomb hardening softening plasticity model The group_materi_plasti_mohr_coul_hardening_softening model is the same as the standard Mohr Coulomb model Now however the parameters c and both for the yield rule and for the flow rule are softened on the effective plastic strain 2er For example for the cohesion a linear variation is taken between the initial value cy at cheur 0 up to c at a specified critical value of x and constant c for larger values of x 0 The same is done for for the yield rule and for the flow rule You should also include tension cut off preferably with group_materi_plasti tension direct Multilaminate plasticity model Plastic yield function The multi laminate model predefines a number of weak planes which have reduced plasticity 59 parameters as compared to the bulk material The numerical model will thus have the tendency to start slipping on the weak planes first just like physical reality with weak planes In fact the yield function for each laminate amounts to a standard mohr coulomb slip condition with predefined slip plane The model reads fx lO pq Faq tan C x where p denotes the in plane direction of a laminate q denotes the normal direction of the laminate denotes the friction angle of the laminate c is the cohesion in the laminate and finally k is the
406. unnel middle to do so specify the middle point of the tunnel axis as reference point point_x point_y point_z 7 542 group_beam_young index E Young s modulus for a beam for bending moment calculation The index specifies the ele ment_group see element_group 7 543 group_beam_shear index G Shear modulus for a beam for torsion moment calculation The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 544 group condif absorption index a Absorption coefficient The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 545 group condif capacity index C Heat capacity The index specifies the element_group see element_group 221 7 546 group_condif_conductivity index ky ky kz Heat conductivity in x y and z direction respectively As a special option you can also specify one value only which then will be used in each direction The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 547 group condif density index density Density for convection diffusion equation The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 548 group condif flow index beta betaz betas Known flow field In 1D only beta should be specified etc The index specifies the element_group see element _group 7 549 group_contact_spring_direction index dirN dirN dir N Normal direction of a contact_spring The index specifies the element_group see element_group As an alternative you can specify element_contact_spring directi
407. up_0 element_group_1 Change the group number element_group of elements from element_group_0 to element_group 1 7 149 control_mesh_convert index switch If switch is set to yes tochnog will automatically convert elements e bar2 in 2D to quad4 if the element is an interface or hinge e bar3 in 2D to quad6 if the element is an interface or hinge e tria3 in 3D to prism6 if the element is an interface or hinge e tria6 in 3D to prism12 if the element is an interface or hinge e quad4 in 3D to hex8 if the element is an interface or hinge 133 e quad8 in 2D to quad6 if the element is an interface or hinge e quad8 in 3D to hex18 if the element is an interface or hinge e quad9 in 2D to quad6 if the element is an interface or hinge e quad9 in 3D to hex18 if the element is an interface or hinge e hex20 in 3D to hex18 if the element is an interface or hinge e hex20 in 3D to hex27 if the element is not an interface or hinge e prism15 in 3D to prism12 if the element is an interface or hinge e prism15 in 3D to prism18 if the element is not an interface or hinge For an interface you need to specify interface data in the group_interface For a hinge you need to specify hinge data in the group_hinge By example the bar2 is connected to two nodes whereas the converted quad4 is connected to four nodes In a similar manner all other converted elements also get extra nodes This options makes it easy to obtain a mesh with i
408. up_2 if the interface is between element_group_20 and element_group_21 Etc etc The groups element_group_00 element_group_10 element_group_20 etc should be on one side The groups element_group_01 element_group_11 element_group_21 etc should be on the opposite side Between two linear 2d elements quad4 interfaces will be generated Between two quadratic 2d elements quad6 interfaces will be generated Between two hex8 elements a hex8 interface will be generated Between two hex27 elements a quad18 interface will be generated Between two tet4 elements a prism6 interface will be generated Between two tet10 elements a tria12 interface will be generated Between two prism6 elements a prism6 interface will be generated on sides with 3 nodes Between two prism6 elements a hex8 interface will be generated on sides with 4 nodes For other situations no interface element will be generated Crossing interfaces are not allowed eg in 2d you should not have locally two connecting lines with interfaces and in 3d you should not have locally two connecting surfaces with interfaces Interfaces can only be generated between exactly two elements You cannot generate interface where three elements connect by example ypu cannot generate an interface at the common side of two quad4 elements if there is also a truss along that common side If you want the interface to connect you really should do by example control_mesh_generate_interface
409. us and y becomes the direction and the z becomes the direction Specify only positive x coordinates thus only a radius and no y and z coordinates 7 706 group spring direction index dir_x diry dir_z Direction of a spring If for a spring2 this record is not specified the direction is taken to be from the first node of the spring to the second node The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 707 group spring memory index memory_type Memory model for spring either updated_linear total_linear or updated The updated model is a geometrically nonlinear model which takes large spring rotations into account fro two noded springs The indez specifies the element_group see element_group 7 708 group spring plasti index F Maximum force in a spring The index specifies the element_group see element_group 250 7 709 group _spring stiffness index k Stiffness of a spring It is multiplied with the elongation of the spring to calculate the spring force The index specifies the element_group see element_group 7 710 group_spring_stiffness_nonlinear index epsilono ko epsilon k Diagram with spring stiffness dependent on total spring strain total spring elongation Here epsilono ko is the first point in the diagram with epsilono the total spring strain and ko the spring stiffness Likewise for the next points in the diagram Take care that you specify diagram values with a strain range that includes all
410. us time point e rotate the added stresses with the new rotation matrix R to the new configuration The total_linear Lagrange formulation Deformations i e the total deformation matrix F refers to the time 0 TOCHNOG neglects any rigid body rotations and uses linear engineering strains 0 5 F FT I The difference in these linear engineering strains between two time points are the incremental strains The stresses at a new timepoint are calculated as 49 e calculate extra stresses due to incremental strain matrix e add these extra stresses to the stresses of the previous time point See also group_materi_memory 3 2 2 Elasticity The elastic stress rate is Caie Tn where Cj 1 is the elastic modulus tensor which is a doubly symmetric tensor Cijm Cjikl Cijra Cijik and Cijki Crate and cki is the elastic strain rate See the plasticity section for a definition of the elastic strain rate For an isotropic material E l v Coooo C1111 C2222 iny Ev Coo11 Coo22 C1122 G n0 Co101 Co202 C1212 a with E group_materi elasti young modulus and y group_materi_elasti_poisson ratio the remaining non zero moduli follow from the double symmetry conditions For a transverse isotropic material the material has one unique direction think of an material with fibers in one direction Here we take 2 as the unique direction 1 and 3 are the transverse directions The ma
411. ut equidistant between r_first and r_last As a special option you can only specify r_first and not specify safety_slip_circle_grid_radius_n then only one radius r_first will be evaluated for the circle in the safety calculation 7 881 safety_slip_circle_grid_radius_n index n See safety_slip_circle_grid_radius 7 882 safety_slip_circle_grid_result index x y r safety_factor This record will after the calculation be filled with the middle radius and safety factor for the critical surface for the slip circles with the same index 7 883 safety slip circle grid segment n index n With this record you can specify how many segments in the circle will be used in the integration of the safety factor A high number of segments gives more accuracy but is time consuming A low number of segments is less accurate but fast Default if safety_slip_circle_grid_segment_n is not specified then 90 segments will be used 7 884 safety_slip_circle_line_middle index x_first y_first x_last y_last This record specifies a line with middles of a circle for safety factor calculations With z_first y_first you specify the first middle With z_last y_last you specify the last middle With safety_slip_circle_line_middl you specify the number of middles that should be evaluated in the safety calculation all middles together form a equidistant line between z first y_first and x_last y_last As a special option you can only specify z_first y_first and
412. value of space coordinates is possible If none of these records is specified then a new value 0 is used As a typical example you can set displacements and strains to zero in a geotechnical calculation with an updated material description after the gravity load has been applied In this way the strains for further deformations can de distinguished more clearly The dof s will be reset on all nodes which are part of the geometry specified in control_reset_geometry In case you use element wise strains stresses etc see global_element_dof_apply then the dof s will be also be reset on all elements which are completely part of the geometry specified in con trol_reset_geometry As a special option for groundflow calculations you can set an dofto total_pressure to reset the physical groundflow pore pressure total pressure Attention this control_reset_dof should not be used to reset displacements if also support_edge_normal is present This is because those support_edge_normal supports calculate forces directly from total displacements and so you would in fact set the support forces also to zero Normal isopara metric elements use an incremental formulation for stresses however new stress old stress incremental stress from stiffness so that resetting displacements to zero does not influence the stresses Attention with this control_reset_dof option you cannot reset the strains stresses forces etc in structural ele
413. w storage equation This saves computer memory and CPU time 7 531 groundflow_phreatic_only switch If switch is set to yes groundflow data is removed for groups which are not part of ground flow_phreatic_level_multiple_element_group records Thus only groundflow data is retained for groups for which a multiple phreatic level is defined 7 532 groundflow_phreatic_project switch If switch is set to yes the hydraulic head which is imposed on nodes above the phreatic level uses the project coordinate on the phreatic level smallest distance thus not simply the distance in vertical direction For most calculations that gives better groundwater velocities Sometimes however it may be better to simply use the vertical direction of a node to the phreatic level you can obtain that by setting switch to no Default it groundflow_phreatic_project is not specified switch is set to yes 7 533 groundflow_seepage_eps eps The eps specifies the tolerance if the groundflow seepage condition should be applied or not If the inner product of the groundflow water flow direction with the normal outside the material is smaller then eps the seepage status will be set to closed and the total pressure condition will not be applied so that the boundary is really closed for water flow If not specified eps is set to 0 1 7 534 groundflow_seepage_geometry index geometry_item_name geometry_item_index This record specifies an edge of the groundflow dom
414. witch If switch is set to yes then any group_interface_gap will be applied If switch is set to no then any group_interface_gap will be ignored Default if interface_gap_apply is not specified switch is set to yes This interface_gap_apply record will be overruled by the control_interface_gap_apply record if specified 7 737 license_wait switch If switch is set to yes tochnog waits till a valid license is found on the computer So the calculation will not be aborted if no valid license is found Default switch is set to no and the calculation will be aborted if no valid license is found 7 738 linear_calculation_apply switch If you set the switch to yes Tochnog will skip nonlinearities from the input file This option is convenient for testing and problem search Simple set linear_calculation yes so that the cal 255 culation should run without any trouble and use a control_print for post_node_rhside_ratio The printed post_node_rhside_ratio should be very small typically 1 e 10 or lower since the calculation is linear now If that is not the case there may be a problem with the boundary conditions or some other problem A typical sequence for testing very large calculations may be following first run with solver none and check the mesh at all times second run with linear_calculation_apply yes to check if good linear solutions fields are obtained check the linear results carefully finally run your actual calcu
415. witch is set to yes this option is activated If you have a mesh with both linear elements and quadratic elements the mesh is not compatible at the places where the linear elements and quadratic elements meet at a common interface There some of the quadratic element nodes are not attached to the linear elements and so non compatible solution fields occur 262 This mpc_linear_quadratic option allows you to automatically prevent the non compatible solu tion fields Tochnog imposes a multi point constraint on all non compatible solution fields between the linear and quadratic elements so that the extra nodes of the quadratic elements are forced to follow the solution field of the linear elements and so compatibility is ensured again This option typically can be used to model structural parts like beams sheet piles tunnel shells etc with quadratic elements and the surrounding soil with linear element Use one quadratic element in the structural part thickness direction and extra one quadratic soil element attached to the structural element For the remaining soil elements use linear elements In this way the stiff structural elements can deform flexible enough and you save computer time by modeling most of the soils with linear elements 7 771 mpc_node_factor index factor_10 factor_11 factor_20 factor_21 See mpc_node_number 7 772 mpc_node_number index node_0 dof 0 node_1 dof_10 dof_11 node_2 dof_20 dof_21 This Multi
416. x element_group_0 element_group_1 With this option you can delete all elements except for the elements with group numbers ele ment_group_0 element_group_1 etc This enables you to clearly view some specific elements and nodes in a plot 7 189 control_mesh_keep_geometry index geometry_item_name geometry_item_index With this option you can delete all elements except for the elements present in the specified geometry This enables you to clearly view some specific elements and nodes in a plot 7 190 control mesh keep_node index node_0 node_1 With this option you can delete all nodes except for the nodes with numbers node_0 node_1 etc This enables you to clearly view some specific elements and nodes in a plot 7 191 control_mesh_macro index macro_item element_group With this record and the control mesh_macro parameters record you define a macro region The macro region will automatically be divided into finite elements The type of macro region is defined by macro_item You can set macro_item to a sphere 3D cylinder 3D cylinder_hollow 3D brick 3D rectangle 2D circle 2D circle hollow 2D and bar 1D 143 The elements to be generated will get element_group element_group With n you define how much nodes and elements will be generated For a cylinder you need to specify the number of nodes in the length direction the number of nodes in radial direction and the number of nodes in circ direction
417. xx zx strain mohr coulomb model for all laminates eppmolxy eppmolxz eppmolyy eppmolyz eppmolzz eppmolkxx xz strain mohr coulomb model laminate k 0 5 eppmolkxy eppmolkxz eppmolkyy eppmolkyz eppmolkzz epptekxx zxz strain tension model for all laminates epptelxy epptelxz epptelyy epptelyz epptelzz 184 epptelkxx xz strain tension model laminate k 0 5 epptelkxy epptelkxz epptelkyy epptelkyz epptelkzz eptxx xx strain total eptxy eptxz eptyy eptyz eptzz f plasticity yield rule fn nonlocal plasticity yield rule fscal time derivative of scalar gvelx ground water velocity in x direction gvely gvelz hisv0 hisv1 material history variables kap plastic hardening parameter kappa kapsh shear plastic hardening parameter kappa phimob mobilized friction angle plasticity pres hydraulic pressure head pres_gradx gradient hydraulic pressure head in x direction pres_grady pres_gradz rhoxx xz plastic kinematic hardening rhoxy rhoxz rhoyy rhoyz rhozz rotx rotation around x direction roty rotz scal scalar sigxx xx stress sigxy sigxz sigyy sigyz sigzz sigmkxx xx stress in the k th maxwell chain sigmkxy sigmkxz sigmkyy sigmkyz sigmkzz strtokap total strain hardening parameter strtocokap compression part of total strain hardening parameter strtoshkap shear part of total strain hardening parameter
418. y The rotational hinge stiffness should be specified with the group_hinge_elasti_stiffness record For all deformations different from the hinge rotation the hinge element uses a large penalty stiffness to prevent such deformations With this group_hinge_elasti_penalty factor you can specify the penalty factor for this penalty stiffness Default if group_hinge_elasti_penalty is not specified a value of 1000 is used for penalty 7 568 group_hinge_elasti_stiffness index c_ background Typically hinges are used in a tunnel composed by rings with ring segments joined by hinges Hinges are used to model a tuebingen concrete hinge between two adjacent quadratic elements which are part of a tuebingen tunnel ring hinge elements types Hinge elements in 2D are available by specifying quad4 or quad6 for element and in 3D by specifying hex8 or hex18 for element hinge node sequence You need to specify in element the nodes of the hinge first for the first side of the hinge for the first tunnel ring segment and then the nodes for the second side of the hinge so for the second tunnel ring segment The nodes on each side should be specified in the typical Tochnog fashion so just like for the regular isoparametric elements hinge node sequence The hinge length direction is the direction along the hinge rotating surface For example in 3D the hinge direction is the hinge radial direction in a cross section of the tunnel
419. y a4 asz specify 6 values By example if n 8 the polynomial is ag a11 agx da asy asy as 072 082 specify 9 values 7 465 force_volume_geometry index geometry_item_name geometry_item_index Specifies the area for which the force_volume record with the same index should be applied For example geometry_quadrilateral 1 can be used in 2D indicating that the elements on quadrilateral 1 get the distributed force If both the force_volume_element and force_volume_geometry are not specified then a ge ometry which encloses the whole model will be applied 205 7 466 force_volume_sine index start_time freg 0 amp_0 freq_1 amp_1 Same as force_volume sine now for volume loads however 7 467 force volume time index time load time load This record specifies a multi linear diagram which contains the factors with which the force_volume record with the same index is applied If this record is not specified the force is applied at all times with a factor 1 7 468 geometry_factor index factor_0 This sets for some geometries extra factors which are used for the bounda_dof bounda_force and force_edge_ records For a geometry_line either 2 or 3 factors should be specified 2 factors define a linear variation where the factors hold at the start and end of the line respectively 3 factors define a parabolic variation where the factors hold at the start at the middle and at the end of the line respectively Fo
420. y accz cchisO cchis1 cam clay history variables dam damage dens density dipriscohisv dipriscohisl di prisco plasticity history variables disx displacement in x direction disy disz rdisx relative displacement in x direction rdisy rdisz ener material strain energy epexx zx strain elastic epexy epexz epeyy epeyz epezz eppxx zx strain plastic eppxy eppxz eppyy eppyz eppzz eppcaxx zx strain plastic cap model eppcaxy eppcaxz eppcayy eppcayz eppcazz eppcoxx zx strain plastic compression model eppcoxy eppcoxz eppcoyy eppcoyz eppcozz eppdixx za strain plastic diprisco model eppdixy eppdixz eppdiyy eppdiyz eppdizz eppdrxx zx strain plastic druckprag model eppdrxy eppdrxz eppdryy eppdryz eppdrzz eppgencamxx zx strain plastic generalised non associate cam clay for bonded soils model eppgencamxy eppgencamxz eppgencamyy eppgencamyz eppgencamzz epphaxx rz strain plastic hardsoil model epphaxy epphaxz epphayy epphayz epphazz eppmaxx zxx strain plastic matsuokanakai model eppmaxy eppmaxz eppmayy eppmayz eppmazz eppmoxx zx strain plastic mohr coulomb model eppmoxy eppmoxz eppmoyy eppmoyz eppmozz epptexx zx strain plastic tension model epptexy epptexz eppteyy eppteyz epptezz eppvoxx rz strain plastic von mises model eppvoxy eppvoxz eppvoyy eppvoyz eppvozz eppmol
421. y example if n 2 the polynomial is ag az a2 specify 3 values By example if n 5 the polynomial is ay a x ag a3y a4 asz specify 6 values By example if n 8 the polynomial is ay a x agx da asy asy as 072 082 specify 9 values 7 422 force_edge_geometry index geometry_entity_name geometry_entity_index Selects the area for which the force_edge record with the same index should be applied For example geometry_line 1 can be used in 2D indicating that the nodes on line 1 get the dis tributed force The total edge of an element must be inside the geometry for the force to become active For 2D elements the border lines are edges For 3D elements the border surfaces are edges 7 423 force_edge_node index node_0 node_1 Selects the nodes for which the force_edge record with the same index should be applied The node_0 etc specify global node numbers 7 424 force_edge_node_factor index factory factor Nodal multiplication factors with which the force of force_edge will be applied to the nodes of force_edge_node You need to specify a factor for each node Here factory is the multiplication factor for the first node etc 7 425 force edge sine index start_time end_time freq_0 amp_0 freq_1 amp_1 The force_edge record with the same index is imposed with the sum of the sine functions the first sine function has frequency freq 0 and amplitude amp_0 the second sine function has frequency freq_1 an
422. yes This tells tochnog to create an extra contribution to y exactly such that the yield function is zero valued This is convenient to start the calculation with hardsoil with deviatoric stresses which would have been outside the yield surface without this extra contribution The extra addi tion to y is saved in the record element_intpnt_materi_plasti_hardsoil_gammap initial for each integration point of elements The creation of this extra initial contribution is done in the first timestep of the timesteps of the corresponding control_timestep record with the same index See also for some details Especially notice that the model is more suited for monotonic loading than for load cycling since it violates thermodynamics and tends to generate energy Matsuoka Nakai model plasticity model The Matsuoka Nakai model is a perfectly plastic model thus the fixed yield surface represents the failure surface as well The model is based on experimental results with soils and can be formulated in terms of three stress invariants 2 cos 0 h C a0 fa 9 sin gt where tr ai 011 022 033 01 02 03 30m 1 Ip 2 tr 0 1 075 I 0102 0203 0301 Ts det aij 010203 01 02 and 03 are the principal stresses all stresses are effective compressive stresses are negative The parameter is equal to the angle of internal friction in axisymmetric triaxial compression 118 When the cohesion c is considered in the mo
423. you can ask for global information to be determined if you set switch to yes The following information will then be determined e post_bounda_force_summed total force following from bounda_force records number of principal dofvalues e post_element_mass_summed total global mass e post_element_summed total number of elements e post_element_volume_summed total global volume without empty elements e post_element_volume_summed_all total global volume with empty elements e post_materi_inertia_summed sum of material nodal inertia so of node_inertia e post_slide_force_summed sum of slide forces in global axes so of node_slide_force e post_node_summed total number of nodes e post_node_dof_average average values for dof s 277 e post_node_dof_maximum maximum values for dof s e post_node_dof_minimum minimum values for dof s e post_force_edge_summed total force following from force_edge integrated over edges in x y z directions number_of_space_dimensions values e post_force_edge_normal_summed total force following from force_edge_normal inte grated over edges in x y z directions number_of_space_dimensions values e post_force_edge_projected_summed total force following from force_edge_projected integrated over edges in x y z directions number_of_space_dimensions values e post_support_edge_normal total force following from support_edge_normal integrated over edges in x y z directions
424. you select which data item to change It will be changed with value val as specified in the cor responding control_data_arithmetic_double record With operat you select how to change the data item possibilities are plus minus multiply and divide In stead of a specific index data_item_index you can also specify a range ra ra In case you specify all for data_item_number the specified value will be used for all numbers of the record 7 113 control_data_arithmetic_double index val See control_data_arithmetic 7 114 control_data_copy index data_item_from data_item_to Copy data item data_item_from to data_item_to The user is responsible to apply only logic copy actions Normally the data_item_from and data_item_to should have the same length As a special option however you can copy node_inertia to node_force records while using a control_data_copy_factor of 1 This allows you to substitute material mass inertia by static nodal forces for the remainder of the calculation This in fact is the d alembert principle 7 115 control_data_copy factor index factor Multiplication factor for control_data_copy 126 7 116 control_data_copy_index index data_item_from index_from data_item_to index_to Copy data item data_item_from with index index_from to data_item_to with index_to The user is responsible to apply only logic copy actions 7 117 control_data_copy_index_factor index factor Multiplication factor for c
425. yper_mooney_rivlin function reads with K and K user defined con stants W Ky J 3 Ko Jo 3 The group_materi_hyper_neohookean function reads with Ay a user defined constant W Ki J 3 70 The group_materi_hyper_reduced_polynomial function reads with K user defined constants W KL 3 where a summation over i 1 2 is applied Volumetric contributions First we define J v la Then a volumetric part can be added to the strain energy The group_materi_hyper_volumetric_linear contribution reads K da J 1 The group_materi_hyper_volumetric_murnaghan contribution reads K1 je mega T The group_materi_hyper_volumetric_polynomial contribution reads W J 1 fori 0 1 The group_materi_hyper_volumetric_simo_taylor contribution reads W E D ind The group_materi_hyper_volumetric_ogden contribution reads les E dlje 307P 1 inJ Eg As an example you can combine the group_materi_hyper_mooney_rivlin energy function with the group_materi_hyper_volumetric_linear so that the total strain energy function becomes K W Ki J 3 Ka Ja 3 SW 1 Here the initial shear modulus and bulk modulus are included as initial shear modulus 2 K K2 and initial bulk modulus K respectively 71 3 2 10 Viscoelasticity Viscoelasticity is modeled with n parallel group_materi_maxwell_chains Each of the chains contain

TOCHNOG PROFESSIONAL User's manual Version 22

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