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TELOS Z/IP ONE USER'S MANUAL

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1. Parallel Input lt Parallel Output Parallel Output gt Parallel Input Livewire Livewire GPIO Node Device lt gt When the device triggers a status output on its parallel port it is sent to the Livewire GPIO node s input and is presented to the Livewire network as a Livewire GPI signal Other Livewire products that are interested in a device s status OUTPUT changes listen to the GPIO node s INPUT changes The reverse direction works in a similar manner The GPIO node subscribes to another node s GPI In response it triggers its parallel port output and generates a Livewire GPO message to reflect that its output changed The device s INPUT change is accompanied by a Livewire GPO message Now consider the Z IP ONE Although it has Livewire natively it must present its input and output signals to the network in the same manner You can think of it as having a tiny GPIO node stuffed in the same box a status OUTPUT generates a Livewire GPI message ZIP ONE Logic Output Livewire GPIO Protocol GPI change message Livewire Parallel Input Parallel Outout Application Logic In this manner Livewire GPIO is analogous to Livewire Audio The audio that goes out the XLR outputs is what shows up on the Livewire network as a Source The logic signal that goes out the parallel port output is what shows up on the Livewire network as a GPI
2. Input Install the left and right analog audio cables in the female XLR connectors marked CH 1 In and CH 2 In on the rear panel The analog audio section accepts audio input with a peak level of 22dBu In the Audio I O gt Input mode Left or Right menu option each audio input can be configured for the following settings Line 4 dBu nominal Microphone Mic Phantom Power Mic Gain Trim There is a microphone gain trim adjustment option in the Setup gt Audio I O menu for each input which can be used to add additional gain when that input is set to microphone level This setting is ignored when an input is set to line level Gain should be adjusted so that the microphone reaches your desired level on peaks 12 Section 3 3 4 Balanced Analog Outputs Output Audio XLR Pinout PIN DESCRIPTION 1 Ground 2 Signal Output 3 Signal Output The audio outputs are balanced to 4 dBu with 18 dB of headroom i e inputs clip at 22 dBu 3 5 AES EBU Input Input Audio XLR Pinout PIN DESCRIPTION 1 Ground 2 Signal Input 3 Signal Input 3 6 AES EBU Output Output Audio XLR Pinout PIN DESCRIPTION 1 Ground 2 Signal Output 3 Signal Output 3 7 Network Interfaces The Z IP ONE is designed to work on managed private networks or the public Internet For reliable operation when connected to the public network the Z IP ONE must be placed behind a firewall These are commonly included in network address t
3. Originally the Z IP ONE supported the following EVDO devices 1 Sierra Wireless USB device ACS9SU for either Sprint or Verizon 2 Novatel Ovation U727 3 Novatel Ovation U720 Since then USB EVDO devices and carriers have changed too rapidly for us to be able to maintain a compatibility list that is of any use Some devices on some carriers may still work it is worth trying However for the best chance of compatibility we now recommend the use of Cradlepoint wireless data to Ethernet bridges Cradle point specializes in wireless accessory compatibility and works seamlessly with a Z IP ONE Choose a model that converts wireless data to wired Ethernet and you can set your Z IP ONE to stream via the WAN or LAN port just as though it was connected to a wired Ethernet router ANCILLARY DATA 49 1 2 Ancillary Data Along with the coded audio the Z IP ONE is able to send associated data One example of how this is used is for sending connection quality statistics to the remote Z IP ONE This data channel is also available to send user data to the remote codec 12 1 GPIO The first use of the ancillary data channel is for sending General Purpose Input Output GPIO signals These are individual signals or bits that can be used to control or read status from a local Z IP ONE or send information to a remote Zephyr TP The Z IP ONE has a DB25 connector on the back panel that provides contact closures close to ground inputs and ou
4. s connection modes TSCP allows you to use different codecs and bit rates in each direction A server is configured and maintained by Telos Systems as a service to our Zephyr IP customers It provides a set of tools to enhance the functionality of your Z IP ONE a directory presence service NAT traversal and a media relay service Directory Service The directory service allows your Z IP ONE to register itself in a group with a unique device name The group and device name together form a persistent phone number for your Z IP Other users can always find and call your Z IP ONE regardless of what IP address you happen to be using that day This is especially important when your ISP has given you a dynamic IP address or when you take your Z IP ONE on the road The directory service also allows you to locate other Zephyr IPs by browsing the server directory right from your Z IP ONE Wildcard and Soundex phonetic searches allow you to find the device you re interested in even if you don t remember the exact spelling of the other device s name or group 38 Section 9 Of course you are in complete control over how your Z IP ONE appears in the directory You may list your Z IP ONE as visible to all or hidden While in hidden mode your Z IP ONE does not appear in the directory but it is still reachable by people that know your codec s name and group Think of it as having an unlisted phone number anyone who knows your number
5. t present on the manual connect screen dial bits and redial mode From the front panel choose Phonebook then Manual add From the web page use the Auto tab of the Autodial application and click Add Manually adding an entry via the web page is done the same way as it is on the front panel rather than via the shorthand notation used on the web page s manual dial screen MAKING CONNECTIONS 45 Browsing the ZIP Server If the contact you are adding is another Zephyr IP you can take advantage of the ZIP Server s directory services This can be used to reduce typing using the front panel keypad or when you do not know the exact name of the Zephyr IP you re trying to reach From the Front Panel Select the Phonebook option from the main menu and then click on Browse ZIP Server This will take you to the group selection screen Click Find Groups to as the ZIP server for a list of groups You can limit this list by entering text in the Optional Mask field This will cause the server to only return groups that begin with the characters you entered After you press Find Groups the group list will be selected and active Scroll to the group name you want and press the main control knob to choose it for browsing If the list is very long you can press the keypad button that has the first letter of the group name for example pressing the 7 key will jump to the first group starting with P Choosing a group will take you to another search
6. 6 ParalleliPort iaa cts rr ok e 28 7 The Status Screens 29 TOMAN ie e A a da a ee re aa E 29 T2 Ca Stats EGPIO 0 u eee aa a aa ae 30 7 3CallStatus Codec s s aaea ee 30 7 4 Network Interface Status Screens 2 ee 31 TOO a ee Se ee a Oe Se 32 8 The Web Interface 33 S Statlis Pages sce ec be a ee 33 82 CONNER oc AS AR eee sod Re we AA BR eS 34 8 3 Audio Streaming GPIO and System 2 2 2 eee ee 35 SANWO ooo a AW e EERE a ee 35 8 5 Software Management o oo ee 35 8 6 Quick Start and Manual o o o o o o o ooo oo 36 BIOS sons eee ee Ga AR 36 9 Audio Streams 37 9 1Telos Session Control Protocol n 2 ee ee 37 9 2 N ACIP Session Initiation Protocol 2 ee ee ee 40 9 3 Real time Transport Protocol 2 ee 41 10 Making Connections 43 10 1DialingManually s e ocea ooo o 43 10 2 Usingthe Phone Book ee es 44 10 3 CallHlistoty cc ee Swede a bbw Veda ees 46 vil Table of Contents 11 Mobile Network Devices 47 11 1 WiFIAWLAN Networks 2 2 ee ee e 47 11 2 UMTS EVDO Wireless Networks o ooo 47 12 Ancillary Data 49 Il y as sra di e a ee Be Ob dee EA 49 12 2 SeridliDatay ec Se a Oe Pas eS eo 54 Appendix A When an IT Department is not Available 55 IP Addresses Subnet masks and Gateways o o o o ooo 55 Discover the Local Network Settings o oo 58 Find an Available IP Address without a DHCP Serv
7. Input O Pin 25 O la EN S Equivalent circuit for the parallel inputs Livewire GPIO In addition to the physical GPIO the Z IP ONE has a virtual network enabled GPIO that uses the Livewire protocol You may take advantage of networked GPIO even if you don t use Livewire for audio delivery Livewire GPIO channels have five input signals and five output signals apiece each equivalent to a pin on the parallel port The Z IP ONE has eight parallel input signals an eight parallel output signals To access them all there are two Livewire GPIO channels and the first four bits of each are used the fifth is ignored both for inputs and outputs Output signaling is always available To configure an Axia device to follow the Z IP ONE s status output bits configure it to follow the GPIO using the following syntax sometimes referred to as GPIO snake WW XX Vy ZZ Where ww xx yy zz is the IP address of the Z IP ONE s LAN port and is the number of its GPIO e g 172 16 1 140 1 Use a port of 1 for status bits 1 4 and port 2 for bits 5 8 To use Livewire for input signaling configure a source to follow on either the Setup gt Parallel Port Configuration menu on the front panel or the General Settings webpage In either location use the same IP Port syntax Ifa network GPIO address is entered in these fields the Z IP ONE will use Livewire as the inputs to those bits If the field is empty it wi
8. echo is more or less annoying depending upon both the length of time it is delayed and its level Telephone researchers have measured and quantified reactions and ITU T G 131 reports the findings and makes recommendations 1 complain about echo problem 10 complain about echo problem TELR dB 0 10 20 30 50 100 200 300 One way delay ms Summary of ITU T G 131 with recommendations for designers of telephone systems that must cope with echo This shows Talker Echo Loudness Rating versus Delay AUDIO CODING REFERENCE 73 There are codecs using other than perceptual technologies that have lower delay but they are not as powerful That is for a given bitrate they do not achieve fidelity as good as the MPEG systems we have been examining The common G 722 is an example It uses ADPCM Adaptive Delta Pulse Code Modulation which can have a delay as low as 10ms but with much poorer quality So the question arises Is it possible to have high quality and low delay in the same codec Until recently the answer was no But new developments in codecs have changed the picture One of the main objectives in audio coding is to provide the best tradeoff between quality and bit rate In general this goal can only be achieved at the cost of a certain coding delay Codecs for voice telephone applications have used ADPCM and CELP because they have much lower delay than perceptual codecs These are optimized for voice and can have reasonable good p
9. transparent audio transmission for AM FM radio or television audio For more information on AAC and the tests of it see our web site for a paper on the subject www zephyr com AAC LD AAC Low Delay When announcers use codecs for broadcast remote applications they often need to have a natural two way inter action with other program participants located back at the studio or callers Because itis a hot topic for engineers working in the field of Internet telephony a number of studies have been conducted to determine users reactions to delays in telephone conversations The data apply directly to the application of professional codecs to remotes so it is interesting to take a peek over the shoulder of the telecom guys to see what they have learned For broadcast remotes we try to arrange our system so that there is no path for the field announcer s voice to return to his her headphones Nevertheless sometime echo is unavoidable For example this can happen when a telephone hybrid has leakage or when a studio announcer has open air headphones turned up loud and the audio makes its way into the studio microphone When there is no echo it has been discovered that anything less than 100ms one way delay permits normal interac tion between participants Between 100 and 250ms is considered acceptable ITU T standard G 114 recommends 150ms as the maximum for good interactivity Echo introduces a different case As you might expect
10. you re ready to make your first Z IP ONE IP call Press the AUTO button it s in the upper right corner of the keypad area This brings up the phone book a quick dial list of the other Z IP ONEs you d like to connect with CUE Euro Line Your Z IP ONE is factory programmed with two contacts the Telos Line in Cleveland Ohio USA and the Euro Line in Freising Germany Highlight Telos Line and press the AUTO button again or push the main control knob to establish a call As the call progresses and connects the screen changes automatically to the main Status display s gt mt Rev OLAN ZIP O Livewire Connect SUAN 0 Revlock OLW Sync Pees Far Buffer A Rev Buffer mt Quality PA Rc Quality The large Connect indicator should come ON quickly followed a few seconds later by the RcvLock indicator The Rev audio level meters will begin showing moving audio levels In a few more seconds the Buffer and Quality gauges in the lower third of the screen will show relative indications of receive buffer size at both ends and quality of the connection indicating dropped packets Plug your favorite headphones into the front panel headphone jack Adjust the volume knob that s next to the jack for a comfortable level You ll hear whatever music our Support Engineers have selected Don t be alarmed when the Z IP ONE automatically disconnects from the Telos test line It will time out and hang up after 10 minutes This is
11. 54 Section 12 12 2 Serial Data In addition to GPIO data the Z IP ONE can send low bitrate serial data Where GPIO is a series of discrete signals serial data is sent as a constant stream The Z IP ONE can transfer serial data at a sustained rate of 9600 bits per second and can send binary data as well as text To send serial data the Z IP ONE needs a USB to RS 232 adapter This is available from Telos as an accessory part number 2091 00140 As of this writing we specify a Syba SY ADA15006 You may try any adapter that uses the PL 2303 chipset common among USB to serial adapters Since the Z IP ONE is a USB host device it acts as Data Terminal Equipment DTE Serial devices which communicate as Data Circuit terminating Equipment DCE may connect to the 9 pin connector directly To use the Z IP ONE with another DTE device such as a computer or laptop a null modem will be required The serial port on the communicating device should be set to 9600 bits per second 8 data bits no parity and one stop bit 9600 8N1 Plug the USB to serial adapter into either of the Z IP ONE s USB ports In a moment a message will appear on the display informing you that the adapter is ready to use When the adapters are installed in both Z IP ONEs make a bidirectional connection between them When the decoders lock any serial data entered into one device will be sent to the other and out its serial port The serial data is correlated to the au
12. The name of the device tscp or address hostname tscp sip rtp Group name Only used for TSCP Call Type TSCP N ACIP SIP or RTP Screen name How this connection appears in your phone book Group password For TSCP connections if needed 4 Dial Bit Up to eight phonebook entries can be assigned to GPIO bits for remote control See Chapter 12 Ancillary Data2 Ancillary Data for more information on using dial bits 4 Redial Mode If this call is abnormally terminated for whatever reason from network failures to power loss it can be redialed automatically This field chooses how many attempts are made to automatically redial or if the Z IP ONE should try to redial forever It can also be set to use whatever the system default redial setting is in the Setup gt System menu Lastly you will have the option to Save or Save with Codec Both save the details to your phone book but the second option takes a snapshot of the current settings in System gt Audio Codec and saves them with the phone book entry Every time you call this contact these codec settings will be used instead of the current global settings Use this if one of your contacts has different coding requirements A phone book entry can be edited at any time after it is saved Manual Phone Book Entry You can enter a phone book item manually in the same manner as you would dial manually The only differences are the bits of information in the list above that aren
13. by the router or routers between the Z IP ONE and the ZIP Server or remote Z IP ONE What is most important about these types is that if both Z IP ONEs report Symmetric they will not be able to contact each other directly with a TSCP call Instead their audio will each be relayed over the ZIP Server to the other unit This adds network hops latency and jitter and should only be used as a last resort However if only one side has a symmetric NAT the call can proceed as normal in most cases THE STATUS SCREENS 31 If your NAT is normally symmetric you can set up port forwarding to your Z IP ONE When this is working properly your NAT type should change to something else most commonly Port Restricted See Appendix A When an IT Department is not Available for more information on setting up port forwarding The last field on this page is labeled RS232 Using a USB to Serial adapter available as an accessory you can send serial data alongside encoded audio The remote Z IP ONE will also require a USB to serial adapter to recover the serial data This can be used to transmit automation system controls or other information that requires more than a contact closure 7 4 Network Interface Status Screens LAN DHCP UP amp RUNNING 172 16 1 16 172 16 0 1 255 255 0 0 00 13 95 06 DD0 D0 This section covers the next four screens because other than the port they refer to the information presented is identical In the Default Stat
14. in both the frequency and time domains and can be exploited for audio data reduction Most important for audio coding are the effects in the frequency domain Research into perception has revealed that a tone or narrow band noise at a certain frequency inhibits the audibility of other signals that fall belowa threshold curve centered on a masking signal The figure below shows two thresholds of audibility curves The lower one is the typical frequency sensitivity of the human ear when presented with a single swept tone When a single constant tone is added the threshold of audibility changes as shown in the upper curve The ear s sensitivity to signals near the constant tone is greatly reduced Tones that were previously audible become masked in the presence of masking tones in this case the one at 300Hz All signals below the upper threshold of audibility curve or masking threshold are not audible so we can drop them out or quantize them crudely with the least number of bits Any noise which results from crude quantization will not be audible if it occurs below the threshold of masking The masking depends upon the frequency the level and the spectral distribution of both the masker and the masked sounds Masking Threshold dB Masked Sound Threshold in quiet Inaudible kHz Masking effects in the frequency domain A masking signal inhibits audibility of signals adjacent in frequency and below the
15. revisions or new products Please contact us with your comments Service You must contact Telos before returning any equipment for factory service We will need the serial number located on the back of the unit Telos Systems will issue a Return Authorization number which must be written on the exterior of your shipping container Please do not include cables or accessories unless specifically requested by the technical support engineer at Telos Be sure to adequately insure your shipment for its replacement value Packages without proper authorization may be refused US customers please contact Telos technical support at 1 216 622 0247 All other customers should contact your local representative to make arrangements for service We support you By Phone Fax You may reach our 24 7 Support Team anytime around the clock by calling 1 216 622 0247 For billing questions or other non emergency technical questions call 1 216 241 7225 between 9 30 AM to 6 00 PM USA Eastern Time Monday through Friday Our fax is 1 216 241 4103 By E Mail Technical support is available at Support Telos Systems com All other inquiries at Inquiry Telos Systems com Via World Wide Web The Telos Web site has a variety of information which may be useful for product selection and support The URL is www Telos Systems com 10987654321 Telos Systems USA Telos Systems 1241 Superior Avenue E Cleveland OH 44114 USA 1 216 241 7225 phone 1 216
16. screen Here you will select the device name of the codec in the group that you are trying to reach Once again there is an optional mask In addition there is an optional group password field use this to search for Zephyr TPs that are set to be hidden to non group members When you click the Browse button the list will again become selected and active The shortcut keys to jump to a character in the list work for this list as they did for the group list Once you choose a device the cursor will jump to the Add button Click this and you will be taken to the phone book entry edit screen This is the same screen used for manual dialing but with all the device information filled in for the selected unit You will still have the opportunity to change the redial setting dial bits and have the choice of whether to save the current codec settings with this entry From the Web Page The phone book is on the Autodial web page From its Auto tab click the Directory button This will take you to a group search screen just as the front panel did Enter in an optional mask or leave the to return all groups Click OK to perform the search Select the group that you want from the list at the right and then click OK again This will take you to the device search page Again this works like the previous screen and also as on the front panel put in an optional search mask and a group password if required Press OK to search Then select a dev
17. see Section 6 1 Network 8 5 Software Management This menu allows you to update the software contained in the Z IP ONE to back up and restore its settings and to enter an aptX license key The Z IP ONE stores two banks of software Using this you may for example test a new version of software while retaining the qualified version You may choose which bank of software is current by selecting the appropriate bank and pressing the Reboot button You may only load software into the secondary bank After you load the new software you can continue running out of the primary bank or reboot into the secondary to try the new software When satisfied you may then commit that version to move it to the primary bank Alternately you may reboot back into the previous software still stored in the primary bank To upgrade your Z IP ONE download the update package file from the Telos support web site at http www telos systems com codecs zip one Do not extract this archive Simply save it to a folder on your computer Use the Choose File button on the Software Management web page to locate the package and select it Click the Upload button to load the new software into the second bank Below the Software Update box is a section for configuration management and backup The Backup Settings button will collect all the Z IP ONE s current settings into a file and download that to your computer via your web browser To restore these settin
18. the transmitted and received decoded audio The left channel is at the top with the right channel under it To the left of the meters is an indicator of what audio input is currently being used This is especially useful when input failover is enabled The icons have the following meanings Analog XLR AES EBU XLR a Livewire Beneath the meters are items reminiscent of illuminated indicators A filled lit circle indicates a normal operating condition Connect shows whether the Z IP ONE is currently connected to any other codec LAN WAN indicates Ethernet LINK status ZIP When lit the Z IP ONE is logged into the ZIP Server RevLock When the decoder is locked this indicator lights This is useful for troubleshooting RevLock but no Connect Local loop mode is on Disable it in the Audio I O menu RevLock and Connect but no Rev meters Silence is decoded Check audio Xmt meters on remote unit Connect but no RevLock Network conditions make the encoded audio unusable too much loss a firewall blocks packets frames corrupted in transit etc Livewire the LAN interface has available Livewire streams LW Sync The Z IP ONE s Livewire clock has synchronized with the time base of the Livewire network on the LAN interface 30 Section7 At the bottom of this screen are quality and buffer indicators The Rcv meters indicate the fullness of the received audio buffer and the quality of the connection Qual
19. the main menu screen pressing ESC will take you to the status screens and vice versa 16 Section 4 The Number Pad The dial pad is used to enter data in edit fields If the field accepts only numeric data or IP addresses then pressing the buttons will enter the number pressed Other fields accept alphanumeric strings In these fields the buttons cycle through the number then the alphabetic characters in uppercase and then in lowercase The 1 0 and buttons allow you to enter special characters and punctuation CHARACTERS ENTERED 1 A4 2ABCabc 3DEFdef 4GHIghi SJKLjkI 6MNOmno 7PQRSpqrs 8TUVtuv 9WXYZwxyz oO ON QAU A WN O lt space gt O lt gt 110 _ The Connection Buttons On the right side of the front panel the Z IP ONE has three buttons labeled AUTO CONN and DISC for setting up and dismissing connections The function of each of these keys is as follows AUTO gives you quick access to your phone book This screen displays the current status of other Z TPs so that you can see if they are available before you call Pressing AUTO or the control knob while in the phone book will immediately dial the selected entry CONN takes you to a manual dialing screen on which you can enter the details of the codec you wish to call DISC is used to terminate connections You will be prompted to confirm the disconnection Pressing DISC again while on this screen or select
20. the transmit mode see the Audio configura tion webpage 5 6 AES EBU Output Sample Rate Use the AES EBU Output setting to select the sample rate of the AES EBU audio output by the Z IP ONE You can select between 48 kHz 44 1 kHz 32 kHz and Sync to AES Input All of the fixed sample rate settings are relative to the Z 1P ONE s internal sample clock Use Sync to AES Input if the device connected to the Z IP_ ONE s AES outputs does not have its own sample rate converter or to sync to a facility wide clock Regardless of the sample rate chosen the encoded audio streams will always use 48kHz sample rate 5 7 Loopback The Audio Loopback setting is intended for local audio testing When set to PCM Direct the configured input will appear on all local outputs analog XLR AES EBU XLR headphone and Livewire if configured without any compression When set to Encoded the configured audio input will appear on all outputs after it has been encoded and decoded When in loopback the Z IP ONE uses the maximum bitrate configured for the codec To stop looping audio change the setting to Off The Z IP ONE will also automatically end the loop mode if the codec is rebooted or powered off THE SETUP MENU 21 The Setup Menu The Setup menu and its submenus contain items that are infrequently changed At the top level the Streaming Interface menu item selects the Ethernet or other interface that will be used to communi cate with anothe
21. threshold AUDIO CODING REFERENCE 67 To benefit from the masking effects perceptual coders use a filter bank to divide the input audio into multiple bands for analysis and processing The maximum masked noise level is calculated depending on the spectral content and the available bits are allocated so as to keep the quantization noise below the masking threshold at every point in the spectrum While coding efficiency increases with more bands and better frequency resolution the time domain resolution de creases simultaneously owing to an inevitable side effect of the band filtering process higher frequency resolution requires a longer time window which limits time resolution Happily masking works also in the time domain A short time before and a longer time after a tone is switched on and off other signals below a threshold amplitude level are not noticeable Filter banks with higher frequency resolution naturally exploit the ear s time masking properties Test tone dB Mask tone 5 0 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 Delay time ms Making effects in the time domain Masking occurs both before and after the masking signal Level dB Masking tone Time Inaudible tones under value PLS IE TOR F Freq The combined results of time and frequency versus masking Signals under the curve are inaudible 68 Appendix B Important Due to a perceptual coder s reliance on precisely modeling principles of hum
22. to Telos If no repairs are required the 500 fee will be retained by Telos as an evaluation charge If repairs are required the 500 fee will be applied to the total cost of the repair SAFETY NOTIFICATION 81 Safety Notification gt YN 10 1 12 This symbol wherever it appears alerts you to the presence of uninsulated dangerous voltage levels inside the enclosure voltage which may be sufficient to constitute a risk of shock This symbol wherever it appears alerts you to important operating and maintenance instructions Read the manual Read All Instructions All safety and operating instructions must be read before operating the product Retain All Instructions All safety and operating instructions must be maintained for future reference Heed All Warnings All warnings on the product and those listed in the operating instructions must be adhered to Follow All Instructions All operating and product usage instructions must be followed If the equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired Heat This product must be situated away from any heat sources such as radiators heat registers stoves or other products including power amplifiers that produce heat Water and Moisture Do not use this product near water Attachments Do not use any attachments not recommended by the product manufacturer as they may cause hazards Power
23. transmit and receive meters THE WEB INTERFACE 35 8 3 Audio Streaming GPIO and System The options for these pages behave the same as their front panel equivalents Please see Chapters 5 and 6 for a full discussion of these options The Codec page has some enhancements over the front panel menu Each codec is shown side by side with all available bit rate changes shown You can also see in real time how changing the encoding mode between mono and stereo affects the bit rate 8 4 Network This menu allows you to enter all of the network settings for your device This can be useful once you have entered the IP address in the front panel user interface of the unit as many of the parameters are easier to enter using a keyboard than through the numeric keypad on the front panel Keep in mind that ifyou change the IP address of your unit through the web page you will need to reconnect to the device using the new IP address For help in troubleshooting your network configuration there is a form at the bottom of the page labeled Ping if you enter an IP address into this field and click the Ping button the Z IP ONE will send ten ICMP ping requests to the address you entered and tell you how many responses were received In addition to the network interfaces the ZIP Server and SIP server settings are configured here All of these settings are used and configured in the same way as they are on the front panel For more information
24. 241 4103 fax 1 216 622 0247 24 7 Technical Support Support Telos Systems com Inquiry Telos Systems com Notices and Cautions This symbol wherever it appears alerts you to the presence of uninsulated dangerous voltage inside the enclosure voltage which may be sufficient to constitute a risk of shock This symbol wherever it appears alerts you to important operating and maintenance instructions Read the manual CAUTION THE INSTALLATION AND SERVICE INSTRUCTIONS IN THIS MANUAL ARE FOR USE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY TO AVOID ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT PERFORM ANY SERVICING OTHER THAN THAT CONTAINED IN THE OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS UNLESS YOU ARE QUALIFIED TO DO SO REFER ALL SERVICING TO QUALIFIED PERSONNEL THIS INSTRUMENT HAS AN AUTORANGING LINE VOLTAGE INPUT ENSURE THE POWER VOLTAGE IS WITHIN THE SPECIFIED RANGE THE SYMBOL IF USED INDICATES AN ALTERNATING CURRENT SUPPLY WARNING THE PRODUCT S POWER CORD IS THE PRIMARY DISCONNECT DEVICE THE SOCKET OUTLET SHOULD BE LOCATED NEAR THE DEVICE AND EASILY ACCESSIBLE THE UNIT SHOULD NOT BE LOCATED SUCH THAT ACCESS TO THE POWER CORD IS IMPAIRED IF THE UNIT IS INCORPORATED INTO AN EQUIPMENT RACK AN EASILY ACCESSIBLE SAFETY DISCONNECT DEVICE SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN THE RACK DESIGN TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK DO NOT EXPOSE THIS PRODUCT TO RAIN OR MOISTURE THIS UNIT IS FOR INDOOR USE ONLY USA CLASS A COMPUTING DEVICE INFORMATION TO USER WARNING This equipmen
25. 255 255 0 This is the network mask for this subnet We can use the same network mask for the Z IP ONE Default Gateway 192 168 123 254 Another important entry we can use the same gateway address on the Z IP ONE DNS Servers 69 75 169 15 and 16 DNS server addresses Use the first one on the Z IP ONE as well NOTE The values in this example are not valid Do not use these values on your Z IP ONE The ipconfig command will give you the subnet mask gateway and DNS server addresses It does not directly give you the IP address you should use on the Z IP ONE If DHCP is available as it is in this example you can just configure the Z IP ONE to use DHCP It will obtain an IP address network mask gateway and DNS server settings automatically If DHCP is not available then read on The next section will describe this case 60 AppendixA Find an Available IP Address without a DHCP Server What can you do if a DHCP server is not available on your network In this case we ll search for an IP address by pulling one out of a hat then testing to see if it is already in use In the example above the PC s address was 192 168 123 101 and the subnet mask was 255 255 255 0 This means that the last eight bits indicate the host portion of the address On this network valid IP addresses would run from 192 168 123 1 to 192 168 123 254 Right away we ll avoid 1 and 254 because they are often assigned to the gateway That leaves numb
26. 49 46 47 a 9 d 2983 43 edes 4 Output 2 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2 5 Output 3 6 Output4 See Chapter 12 for more detailed information on 7 Output 5 the contact closure operations 8 Output 6 9 Output 7 10 No Connection 11 No Connection 12 No Connection 13 No Connection 14 Input 0 15 Input 1 16 Input 2 17 Input 3 18 Input 4 19 Input 5 20 Input 6 21 Input 7 22 Not Connected 23 Not Connected 24 Not Connected 25 Ground THE FRONT PANELINTERFACE 15 4 The Front Panel Interface 4 1 Front Panel Controls Main Control Knob Dial Pad o EA mbia o O O O Te Headphone Control Knob ESC Button Connection Buttons Headphone Control Knob This is a volume control and monitor selection button Turning the knob will change the headphone volume Pushing this button will select between the receive audio and the transmit audio Neither of these function will affect the audio on the main outputs While changing the volume the display will indicate which audio is present on the headphones Main Control Knob Rotating the Z IP ONE s control knob moves the cursor It also has a push to click function Pressing the knob selects the highlighted menu selection or accepts the current value the setting that is being edited ESC Button This button escapes from the currently selected menu or dialog screen While editing a setting pressing the ESC button cancels any edits and leaves the field unchanged From
27. B D9 E3 Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection Connection specific DNS Suffix Description e o o Marvell Yukon 88E8 53 PCI E Gigabit Ethernet Controller Physical Address o 1 6 GE 7B 68 27 6A Dhcp Enabled da antes o Oe Autoconfiguration Enabled Yes IP Addre SO OS IAS lee Jo Url subnet Mask ooo Se a ae oe ee OS 255 2558 Default Gateway o a as a 192 168 123 254 DHCP Server 192 168 123 254 DNS Servers o a ia a er we Peed Pod 69 75 169 16 Lease Obtained Sunday November 64 2007 9 51 18 AM Lease Expires Monday November 85 2007 9 51 18 AM If the PC has multiple network adapters you will see multiple entries displayed In the example above the PC has a wireless adapter and the Media State for it is shown as disconnected which indicates that the wireless is currently disabled Following this is an entry for the Local Area Connection Ethernet adapter In our case this is the entry of interest because it is plugged into the same Ethernet network that we want to learn more about The section of interest is under the heading Ethernet Controller and contains the following interesting entries DHCP Enabled Yes This indicates that this PC was configured for DHCP so there must be a DHCP server available IP Address 192 168 123 101 IP address assigned by the DHCP server Subnet mask 255
28. E NETWORK DEVICES 47 1 1 Mobile Network Devices The Z IP ONE supports a variety of mobile network devices via the USB port on the back of the unit To use one 1 Boot the Z IP ONE without the USB device plugged in 2 Once the unit has completed the boot process and is showing the main menu screen plug one of the approved mobile devices into either of the USB ports on the back of the Z IP ONE 3 Navigate to the Setup gt Network menu and continue as follows for the type of network to be used 11 1 WiFi WLAN Networks 1 Press the ESC key to access the main menu Using the control knob navigate to Setup gt Network gt WiFi WLAN Press the control knob to select 2 Rotate the control knob to highlight the relevant fields and press to select them Use the keypad to enter necessary information for the encryption method the ESSID network name and the password string As an alternative to typing the ESSID you may use the Browse SSIDs button and select your wireless network from the list Your WiFi access point must be configured to broadcast SSIDs in order to use this option Enter the ESSID and password exactly as they are set up on the router as these names are typically case sensitive Once entered scroll down and click on Activate Settings 3 Press the ESC key to return to the Setup menu Turn the control knob to highlight Streaming Interface and press the control knob Change the option to WiFi WLAN and then press the control knob a
29. Sources This product must be operated from the type of power source indicated on the marking label and the installation instructions If you are not sure of the type of power supplied to your facility consult your local power company Grounding and Polarization This product is equipped with a polarized AC plug with integral safety ground pin Do not defeat the safety ground in any manner Power Cord Protection Power supply cords must be routed so that they are not likely to be walked on or pinched by items placed upon or against them Pay particular attention to the cords at AC wall plugs and convenience recepta cles and at the point where the cord plugs into the product Lightning For added protection during a lighting storm or when the unit is left unattended or unused for long periods of time unplug the unit from the AC wall outlet This will prevent damage to the product due to lightning and power surges Overloading Do not overload AC wall outlets extension cords or integral convenience outlets as this can resultin a fire or electric shock hazard 82 Section 17 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Object and Liquid Entry Never push objects of any kind into this product through openings as they may touch dangerous voltage points or short out parts that could result in a fire or electric shock Never spill liquid of any kind on the product Accessories Do not place this product on an unstable cart stand tripod br
30. TELOS Z IP ONE Intelligent Zephyr IP codec with Agile Connection Technology USER S MANUAL Manual v2 0 1 for software version 2 0 1r and higher August 2014 Z IP ONE Manual 2014 TLS Corporation Published by Telos Systems TLS Corporation All rights reserved Trademarks Telos Systems the Telos logo and Z IP ONE are trademarks of TLS Corporation All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders Notice All versions claims of compatibility trademarks etc of hardware and software products not made by Telos mentioned in this manual or accompanying material are informational only Telos Systems makes no endorsement of any particular product for any purpose nor claims any responsibility for operation or accuracy We reserve the right to make improvements or changes in the products described in this manual which may affect the product specifications or to revise the manual without notice Warranty This product is covered by a five year limited warranty the full text of which is included in this manual Updates The operation of the Z IP ONE is determined largely by software We routinely release new versions to add features and fix bugs Check the Telos web site for the latest We encourage you to sign up for the email notification service offered on the site Feedback We welcome feedback on any aspect of the Z IP ONE or this manual In the past many good ideas from users have made their way into software
31. Tted Public IP address is not recommended A good choice for a manually configured DNS address is 8 8 8 8 8 Section 2 Now what Most hardware codecs such as the Telos Z IP ONE Telos ProSTREAM and Telos iPort offer a choice of audio coding algorithms With unhelpful names like G 722 AAC LD and Layer 2 how does one choose the best coding algorithm for a given connection or use A full discussion of audio coding is in Appendix B Audio Coding Reference but the following tables summarize their features at a glance Codec Features SES DI oda SOUL ie E Perit pee AAC ELD M S Y Y Y Y AAC HE M S Y Y Y AAC LD M S Y Y Y AAC M S Y Y Layer 2 M S Y Y G 722 M Y Y Y Y G 711 M Y Y Y o panes M S dl y PCM Linear M S Y Y Y Codec Characteristics CODEC AAC ELD AAC HE AAC LD AAC Layer 2 G 722 G 711 aptXx Enhanced PCM Linear Bit Rates 48 64 kbps 16 96 kbps 112 320 kbps 80 320 kbps 112 384 kbps 64 kbps 56 64 kbps 384 576 kbps 1536 2304 kbps Audio Expectations Excellent quality for low bi trates full audio range mono or stereo low delay Error concealment Excellent quality for low bitrates for voice and music Full audio range Relatively high delay Error conceal ment Excellent full range audio quality for medium bitrates Low delay Error conceal ment Excellent full range audio quality for medium bitrates Slig
32. Z IP ONE You will share this name with your peers so that they can see your online status and call you Don t worry if you pick a name that another user has already chosen the ZIP Server will append a number to your name and display it accordingly Group name Use this field to register with a particular group that has been created on the ZIP Server The default is public which allows your Z IP ONE to be contacted by anyone in the network If you have created a private group on the server enter its name here Group password the default is public for the public group If you are registering with a private group enter its password here 4 Device Visibility Choose whether the Z IP ONE is visible to everyone in the directory only people in the same group or no one at all A hidden Z IP ONE can still be dialed by anyone who knows its name and group but will not show up in any directory listings ZIP Server Name Use this field to enter the name of the ZIP Server you will be connecting to Telos maintains a server at zip telos systems com which is the default This field is provided just in case that address ever needs to change 4 Listen Port Enter a value in this field if you need to set a particular port on your Ethernet router to allow Z IP communications through The default is 0 which instructs the Z IP to use a random port for listening This random port is shared with the Z IP Directory Server
33. acket or table Any mounting of the product needs to follow the manufacturer s instructions Servicing Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel Damage Requiring Service Unplug this product from the wall AC outlet and refer servicing to qualified service personnel under the following conditions 4 When the AC cord or plug is damaged If liquid has been spilled or objects have fallen into the product If the product does not operate normally following operating instructions Ifthe product has been exposed to rain or water Ifthe product has been dropped or damaged in any way 4 When the product exhibits a distinct change in performance outside of normally operating specifica tions Replacement Parts When replacement parts are required be sure the service technician has used replace ment parts specified by the manufacturer Unauthorized substitutions may result in fire electric shock or other hazards Safety Check Upon completing of any repairs to this product ask the service technician to perform safety checks to determine that the product is in proper operating condition Cleaning Do not use liquid cleaners or aerosol cleaners Use only a damp cloth for cleaning the exterior of the product only
34. allel Outputs 1 8 Outputs are open collector to ground and can sink up to 125mA of current each actually any output can sink up to 400mA however the maximum combined current should be kept below 1000mA When an output signal is active i e asserted the output pin will connect to ground An equivalent schematic for the outputs is shown below If you wish to interface directly to 5 volt logic inputs the outputs include a pull up resistor to S volts Ifyou need a logic high greater than 5 volts you may supply an external pull up resistor 2 2kQ to 10kQ is appropriate to the voltage level required by your external logic inputs You cannot use a voltage level less than 5V however you may use up to SOV If used with a relay or LED then tie your external power source ground to pin 25 or use the 5VDC power supplied on pin 1 and run this power source through your device with a resistor in series to limit maximum current to less than 125mA Output 400 mA max Equivalent circuit for the parallel outputs 52 Section 12 Parallel Inputs 1 8 All inputs are specially treated to accept either a voltage up to 24 VDC or a closure to ground which may be provided by switches relays or logic outputs The inputs are active low In other words shorting the input to ground causes it to become true i e asserted An internal pull up resistor is used to provide a TTL logic high e g 2 2kQ to SV DIODE
35. an perception audio to be coded should not be processed with any non linear dynamics processing such as clipping multi band compression or hard limiting Wideband compression or AGC is acceptable and may be desirable if consistent level cannot otherwise be achieved The same is true of audio that has been decoded after passing through a perceptual coding cycle but to a much lesser degree For more information on this follow the link to our Omnia Audio website that has a paper delivered at the AES by Frank Foti on this topic http omniaaudio com techinfo default htm The steps involved in the perceptual coding process are shown below Analysis Quantization filter blank and coding Perceptual Model Estimation of mask curve The analysis filter bank divides the audio into spectra components Sufficient frequency resolution must be used in order to exceed the width of the ear s critical bands which is 100Hz below 500Hz and 20 of the center frequency at higher frequencies Bitstream Out m Bitstream multiplex The components work as follows The estimation of masked threshold section is where the human ear brain system is modeled This determines the masking curve under which noise must fall The audio is reduced to a lower bit rate in the quantization and coding section On the one hand the quantization must be sufficiently coarse in order to not exceed the target bit rate On the other hand the error
36. anced version of the codec features lower delay and better encoding accuracy across the audio frequency range Z IP ONE Specifications Audio Physical Line Input OdB ref 4dBu input THD N Pro Pro lt 0 03 12dBu 1 kHz Sine Freq Response 1dB 25 20 kHz Head Room 18dB Dynamic Range gt 87dB Unweighted gt 90 dB A Weighted Crosstalk Over 80 dB Output Clipping 22dBu Output Impedance 50 Ohm differential Input Impedance 6K Ohm differential Analog to Digital Converter 24bits Digital to Analog Converter 24bits Height lt 43 7 mm 1 Rack Unit per EIA RS 310 C Width lt 482 6 mm lt 19 per EIA RS 310 C Depth 180 mm Weight 2 5 kg 5 Ib Power 115Vac00 240 VAC 50 60 Hz 14 2 Watts Temperature 0 40C 32 104 F stirred air Humidity 0 98 relative non condensing Maximum 3000m 10 000 ft Altitude Z IP ONE AUDIO SPECIFICATIONS 77 TELOS ALLIANCE LIMITED WARRANTY 79 Telos Alliance Limited Warranty This Warranty covers the Products which are defined as the various audio equipment parts software and accessories manufactured sold and or distributed by or on behalf of TLS Corp and its affiliated companies collectively doing business as The Telos Alliance hereinafter Telos With the exception of software only items the Products are warranted to be free from defects in material and work manship for a period of five 5 years from the date of receipt of such Product by the
37. ater the flexibility of the encoder to fine tune your connection and audio fidelity Your choice of codec will affect the available range of usable rates The more you restrict this range the more consistent the audio quality will be but with less ability to accommodate bad network conditions For codecs which do not support ACT the maximum bitrate is always used Maximum Buffer and Minimum Buffer these two numbers specify the minimum and maximum decoder buffering For optimum performance you should set these to Oms and Unlimited Note that if you change the buffering while a call is in progress you will be notified that the changes will only take effect after the call is reconnected Furthermore the buffering only applies to MPEG codec modes but not to G 711 G 722 or PCM For codecs which do not support ACT the maximum buffer setting is used The total delay in a transmission will be the algorithmic delay of the codec mode used plus the current buffer setting as determined by these values and the Z IP ONE s ACT intelligence Layer 2 Payload Type is used with Real time Transport Protocol RTP audio streams and the MPEG Layer 2 codec While many players support the dynamic payload type 96 some require that the payload is set to MPEG Audio 14 Leave this setting on 96 Default unless you are having trouble with this exact scenario Please note that the original Zephyr IP and Z IP ONEs prior to software version 1 5 0r wil
38. available reciprocal RTP ports are 9151 9152 and 9153 Each of these ports has a different behavior and can be enabled individually if needed Port Default Effect Base 9150 Receive Only Base 1 9151 Reply with G 722 Base 2 9152 Reply with same as received codec Base 3 9153 Reply with current codec setting Setting the RTP base port to 0 will disable the RTP receive only port as well as all reciprocal RTP ports MAKING CONNECTIONS 43 1 O Making Connections How you connect to another codec for the first time depends a bit on the type of stream you re using However after that first time most calls can be redialed from the Z IP ONE s call history and all types of connections can be added to the Z IP ONE s phone book 10 1 Dialing Manually If you know the details of the connection you want to make you can simply enter those details and dial From the Front Panel Press the CONN key next to the dial pad on the far right of the front panel What information you have to enter depends on the type of call you re making Fora TSCP call assisted by the directory server enter the device name in the first field and the group in the second Fora direct TSCP connection without the server enter the IP address and port and make the group field blank For SIP or RTP calls put the necessary information all in the first field For SIP and RTP calls the group field is ignored Next select the call type from the list i
39. can still call you you re just not listed in the phone book Groups Groups are useful because they allow you to keep your Z IP ONEs listed together They make it easier for others to find you and simplify the task of selecting a name for the device A device name needs to be unique only within your group it does not have to be unique among all the other Z IPs in the world We ve all been frustrated when trying to select a login name only to find that the most obvious names have already been taken by others Every Z IP ONE is initially configured to be amember of the public group This is a special group that exists by default on the server Everyone has access to it the group password is also public It will always be there and will never be deleted When you first connect to the server your Z IP ONE will join the public group You may use any device name you like but if the name is already in use the server will assign you a unique name You can then keep this choose another or join a group Groups can be created at any time and you may create as many groups as you need Groups are created by going to the Setup gt ZIP Server configuration on the Setup menu of the front panel A dialog will prompt you for the desired group name group password and administrative password The group password is needed to either join or browse the group You should give your group password to people that you want to have as members of your grou
40. d the CBC in Canada and NHK in Japan Finally results are tabulated a report is drafted and ultimately a standard is issued In 1992 under MPEG1 the first ofthe MPEG standards this process resulted in the selection of three related audio coding methods each targeted to different bit rates and applications These are the famous layers 1 2 and 3 As the layer number goes up so does performance and implementation complexity Layer 1 is not much used Layer 2 is widely used for Digital Audio Broadcasting DAB in Europe audio for video and broadcast play out systems Layer 3 which Telos was the first to use in the Zephyr is widely used in broadcast codecs and has gone on to sig nificant Internet and consumer electronics fame under the moniker derived from the file extension MP3 MPEG2 opened the door for new work and some minor improvements were added to both Layers 2 and 3 In 1997 the first in the AAC family was added to the MPEG2 standard MPEG4 is ongoing now but it has already been decided that AAC will be the general audio coder under this umbrella MPEG3 was skipped for reasons unknown MPEG4 AAC Advanced Audio Coding The MPEG4 AAC system is the newest audio coding method selected by MPEG It is a fully state of the art audio compression tool that provides performance superior to any known approach at bitrates greater than 64kbps and excellent performance relative to the alternatives at bitrates reaching as low as 16
41. d EVDO UMTS this means that the USB adapter that enables this interface has recently been installed and is currently being configured for use Following these status lines are the settings currently used by this network interface on the Z IP ONE 32 Section7 7 5 Version Info ZIPONE_7S public V1 9 18a 2614 61 09 AES EBU 02 B1 3D B1 hex Not licen The last screen Version Info displays information about the hardware and the current software version It also shows whether or not the aptX codec is licensed Our customer service personnel may ask for the information on this screen to assist in troubleshooting your Z IP ONE Older Z IP ONEs like the one shown may not indicate a serial number This is expected THE WEB INTERFACE 33 S The Web Interface From any web browser on your network you can access the internal web pages of the Z IP ONE Simply open the browser window and type the IP address of your Z IP ONE into the location bar The main status page can be viewed without a login but for any other link you will be prompted to enter a user name and password The default user name is user case sensitive without quotes and there is no default password just leave the password field blank You can always check or change the web password from the Settings gt System menu of the Z IP ONE s front panel You can also change the web server s port via the front panel If that is changed you will need to browse t
42. d hard disk storage systems using Ethernet for signal distribution We include it in the Z IP ONE to offer compatibility with the widest variety of codecs and for use at high bit rates Layer 2 J Stereo The Layer 2 joint stereo mode uses an intensity coding method This method has high coding power and is quite effective but hurts stereo separation on some program material Audio above 3 kHz or so is combined to mono and panned to one of seven positions across the stereo stage This technology pre dates perceptual coding It is much simpler than the transform methods but suffers from poorer audio performance It has the benefit of low cost and the unique advantage of low delay It has been around as an international standard the longest and is probably the most widely used system In our view this technology is acceptable for mono voice where high fidelity is not necessary It is good also for cueing and intercom channels We have included G 722 in the Z IP ONE because It had been the most popular coding method early on so there are many of these codecs in use Because it is a standard codecs from various manufacturers have a good probability of being able to interwork with one another G 722 has the lowest delay of all popular coding methods AUDIO CODING REFERENCE 75 This method was invented in the late 70s and adopted as a standard in 1984 by the CCITT the Consultative Com mittee for International Telephony and Telegra
43. dio with a small offset in time Bidirectional communication is possible but any equipment using this for unattended communication must be able to tolerate the end to end delay in com munications Also just as audio data may be lost in transit so may serial data We compensate for this in the audio codecs by using error concealment to hide the loss Any serial communications equipment must likewise be able to compensate for lost data WHEN AN IT DEPARTMENT IS NOT AVAILABLE 55 Appendix A When an IT Department Is Not Availabdle There are times when an IT department is not on hand to guide you through some of the ins and outs of networking This appendixappendix covers some of the basics to get you started IP Addresses Subnet Masks and Gateways This section describes the terms used in IT environments You probably already know these terms but we included them here for completeness The terms covered are IP addresses subnet masks gateways DNS and DHCP Network Address Translation NAT is covered in its own section below IP Addresses Internet Protocol IP addresses identify electronic devices that are part of an IP network The protocol uses these addresses to properly route the data to the destination Without Network Address Translation see below every device connected to a common network would require a unique address There are two versions of IP The current version is called IPv4 and that is what we refer to in this
44. e arp a Make sure you do this right after the unsuccessful ping command This command displays the physical addresses associated with IP addresses that have been recently used C WINDOWS system32 cmd exe 0 x C gt ping 192 168 123 15 Pinging 192 168 123 15 with 32 bytes of data 6 The table shows one entry for the 192 168 123 10 address which we discovered in step 2 above It does not show an entry for 192 168 123 15 which indicates that no device answered this address If there had been an IP device that does not answer pings we still would expect to see its address in the arp table With this last test complete we can be pretty confident that at this time the 192 168 123 15 address is available There is no guarantee that this address will remain valid forever There may be a PC that uses this address that just wasn t turned on at the moment So keep an eye out for signs of duplicate IP addresses on the network And notify your IT department or whoever is responsible for assigning IP addresses within the organization ASAP that you are using this address Read the following section for the gory details Duplicate IP Addresses Duplicate IP addresses can be difficult to diagnose Some PCs may give you a warning at boot up that the currently configured IP address is in use But other times duplicate IP addresses are only discovered when an IP device behaves strangely For example you know you assigned a particular IP addre
45. e other hand some signals are easy to encode If a frame is easy then the unused bits are put into a reservoir buffer When a frame comes along that needs more than the average amount of bits the reservoir is tapped for extra capacity 4 Ancillary Data the bit reservoir buffer offers an effective solution for the inclusion of such ancillary data as text or control signaling The data is held in a separate buffer and gated onto the output bit stream using some of the bits allocate for the reservoir buffer when they are not required for audio The Joint Stereo mode takes advantage of the redundancy in stereo program material The encoder switches from discrete L R to a matrixed L R L R mode dynamically depending on the program material The result of all this is that the researchers succeeded AAC provides performance superior to any known codec at bitrates greater than 64kbps and excellent performance relative to the alternatives at bitrates reaching as low as 16kbps 72 Appendix B And the researchers succeeded in achieving the ITU goal AAC is the first codec system to fulfill the ITU require ments for indistinguishable quality at 128 kbps stereo It has approximately 100 more coding power than Layer 2 and 30 more power than the former MPEG performance leader Layer 3 It offers 20kHz mono or stereo audio bandwidth Significantly less delay than MPEG2 layers 2 or 3 Full fidelity mono on a single S6kbps channel Affordable
46. ed as a gateway to access the Web QUICK START GUIDE 3 2 Quick Start Guide This quick start will guide you through a basic yet perfectly usable setup scenario of the Telos Z IP ONE IP audio codec More sophisticated configurations are available and are preferred or even necessary in some IP network situations 2 1 Unpack and Identify Your Z IP ONE is shipped with a few accessories that we won t use for this initial setup but you may want to use later For now we ll want the Z IP ONE itself AC power cord and a network cable all included with the Z IP ONE A e e To test the Z IP ONE you ll also need 1 Headphones or connect the Z IP ONE s audio output to an audio monitor 2 Microphone or audio source optional 3 An Internet connected Local Area Network with DHCP Server You may set your Z IP ONE s network configuration manually if you prefer The basic steps to follow are 1 Attach AC power cable and power up Follow the built in Setup Wizard Connect to the Internet a w N Make your first call 4 Section 2 2 2 The Z IP ONE User Interface The Z IP ONE uses an OLED display for status metering and configuration There are six menus available History T Demo Audio 1 0 Help Setup Turning the Z IP ONE s control knob will move the highlight between these options The name shown in the middle of this screen is the device s identity on the ZIP Server used for making calls without havin
47. ed stream as your Livewire audio input LW Output Stream Number Enter 0 to disable Livewire output Enter a stream number in the range 1 32000 to generate a Livewire stream Once configured this stream will always be active regardless of the chosen audio input To actually use the selected Livewire input stream as your audio input you must also change your audio input device in the Audio I O menu to Livewire The SIP Server submenu is only used if your organization uses a SIP server to make VoIP calls Contact your SIP server administrator for the values to enter in these fields or leave them blank not to use your own SIP server N ACIP SIP calls may also be made via direct dial to the remote codec s IP address without involving a SIP server Registrar Hostname allows entry of alphanumeric text Registrar User Name allows entry of alphanumeric text Registrar Password allows entry of alphanumeric text Activate Settings Accept the above settings and attempt to authenticate with the SIP server SIP Port Set a custom TCP port to use for SIP leave blank to use the default of 5060 For more information on setting up and using SIP see Section 9 2 N ACIP Session Initiation Protocol The WiFi WLAN menu has the following fields Browse SSIDs This button brings up a screen displaying all broadcast network IDs detected by the Z TP ONE Selecting an SSID from the list will fill out the ESSID Network Name field fo
48. eed to configure the Z IP ONE via a web interface you will have to check the currently assigned IP address on the device via the front panel Another situation where you do not want to use DHCP is if you wish to configure port forwarding on your NAT see below since you must forward each desired port to specific internal IP address Discover the Local Network Settings You need to plug your Z IP ONE into a network but you don t know the network settings If there is no one to ask what can you do Well if there is a PC already plugged into the same network then you can check the network configuration on the PC to determine the available network settings The directions here are for a Windows PC 1 Press and hold the windows key then press R to bring up the windows Run dialog box Type cmd without quotes in the dialog and press enter You can also launch cmd from the start menu but the steps to do this vary between versions of Windows WHEN AN IT DEPARTMENT IS NOT AVAILABLE 59 2 In the command prompt window that appears type ipconfig all again without the quotes and press Enter You should see some entries similar to the ones shown below C WINDOWS system32 cmd exe lol x Ethernet adapter Wireless Network Connection Media State Media disconnected Description Intel R gt PRO Wireless 2915ABG Networ k Connection Physical Address o 1 6 16 6F 3
49. encoded and transmitted to a remote codec You must choose between the Analog XLR AES EBU XLR and Livewire for the input transmit audio If you decide to use the Livewire input you will also need to choose a Livewire input stream in the Setup gt Network gt Live wire menu Like the XLR outputs the Livewire output is always active provided that a Livewire source number is configured on the Livewire setup page To disable Livewire outputs set the Z IP ONE s source number to 0 In addition to selecting the audio source to transmit this menu allows you to configure your Z IP ONE for redundant audio inputs to help protect against failures To use this feature select either the AES EBU failover or Livewire failover option When using Livewire failover the Z IP ONE will prefer Livewire audio if it is available If it is not for whatever reason the Z IP ONE will use the AES EBU input for its transmit audio If the AES EBU stream is unavailable it will use the Analog inputs The Z IP ONE will also revert back to a more preferred audio source when the problem is cleared and the preferred stream has been stable for some time When using the AES EBU failover option the Z IP ONE s behavior is as above except it will never use Livewire for the audio input 20 Section 6 5 2 Input Mode The Input Mode Left and Input Mode Right menus select the behavior of the Analog XLR inputs You can choose between Line level inputs Microphone l
50. end user such date of receipt the Receipt Date Software only items are warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of 90 days from the Receipt Date Telos will repair or replace in its discretion defective Products returned to Telos within the warranty period subject to the provisions and limitations set forth herein This warranty will be void if the Product i has been subjected directly or indirectly to Acts of God including without limitation lightning strikes or resultant power surges ii has been improperly installed or misused including without limitation the failure to use telephone and power line surge protection devices iii has been damaged by accident or neglect As with all sensitive electronic equipment to help prevent damage and or loss of data we strongly recommend the use of an uninterruptible power supply UPS with all of our Products Telos products are to be used with registered protective interface devices which satisfy regulatory requirements in their country of use This Warranty is void if the associated equipment was purchased or otherwise obtained through sales channels not authorized by Telos EXCEPT FOR THE ABOVE STATED EXPRESS WARRANTY TELOS MAKES NO WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE In no event will Telos its directors officers employees agents owners consultants or advisor
51. equency audio content based on the lower frequency data and side chain information SBR dramatically increases the efficiency of coding when using low bitrates HE AAC v1 is AAC plus SBR while HE AAC v2 adds parametric stereo to further increase the efficiency of coding stereo signals For more on the SBR technology see the papers on the Telos web site about aacPlus which was the name of this codec before acceptance by MPEG MPEG 4 Enhanced Low Delay AAC High audio quality low coding delay and very low data rates AAC Enhanced Low Delay AAC ELD is the perfect choice for any delay sensitive application that demands full audio bandwidth at data rates down to 24kbps AAC ELD combines the strengths of its two main components MPEG 4 AAC Low Delay and Spectral Band Replication SBR Whereas MPEG 4 AAC LD features low encoding decoding latency SBR provides high quality audio at very low bit rates SBR is also used in MPEG 4 HE AAC one of today s most efficient audio codecs AAC ELD became an MPEG standard in January 2008 ISO MPEG Layer 2 G 722 MPEG Layer 2 was an extremely popular early perceptual coding method primarily because it s easier and less expensive to implement particularly at the encoder and practical devices using it were available earlier than Layer 3 It s a preferred choice for applications where very large data capacity is available such as satellite links high capacity Primary ISDN or T1 circuits an
52. er 60 Duplicate IP Addresses ee ns 61 Network Address Translation 2 2 oo ooo oo 62 AppendixB Audio Coding Reference 65 A yh e te os eet eats oy Wrenn ee Ok 65 Basic Principles of Perceptual Coding ee ee 66 MPEG eee eaei a ED AEE E e ee a 69 MPEG4 AAC Advanced Audio Coding 2 2 ee ee 69 AAC LD AAC Low Delay 2 ee 72 MPEG 4 High Efficiency AAC HE AAC previously known as aacPlus 74 MPEG 4 Enhanced Low Delay AAC 2 1 ee ooo oo 74 ISO MPEG layer Zoo too dra PEW ee ee ae Be AS 74 G22 a ik ky a ORR Oa ee ae SE 74 aptX and aptX Enhanced 1 ee ee 75 Z IP ONE Audio Specifications 77 Warranty and Application Cautions 79 Safety Notification 81 vu INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction Congratulations on your purchase of the Telos Z IP ONE This codec achieves a new level in IP Audio transmission at a very attractive price It is a one RU unit intended to be used with a microphone directly or an external mixer for remote broadcasts or anywhere space is at a premium o MEJO e The Telos Z IP ONE combines RTP UDP streaming capabilities with MPEG coding to deliver broadcast quality audio over IP connections Z IP ONE employs sophisticated new technology to achieve superb audio quality over IP networks such as the Internet and mobile IP services The Z IP ONE utilizes ACT Agile Connection Technology to continually adapt to
53. erformance Zephyr users have known for years that Layer 3 offers all the fidelity needed for most broadcast situations However they also know that the delay of Layer 3 can be frustrating particularly if high fidelity is needed in both directions and parties at the two ends must carry on a conversation The folks at Fraunhofer were aware of these factors and have developed an extension to AAC called AAC Low Delay or AAC LD for short AAC LD offers quality equivalent to Layer 3 with less than 25 of the delay AAC LD combines the advantages of perceptual coders such as Layer 3 with certain principles of speech coders Compared to speech coders AAC LD handles both speech and music with good quality Unlike speech coders however audio quality scales up with bit rate and transparent quality can be achieved AAC LD s coding power is roughly the same as Layer 3 meaning that mono high fidelity 15kHz audio may be sent at 64kbps At 128kbps you achieve near CD quality stereo audio Delay in perceptual codecs is dependent on several parameters Frame length Time is required to collect all the samples for a frame The longer the frame the more the delay Filter bank decay This causes an additional delay equivalent in time to the frame delay Look ahead delay for block switching Layer 3 and AAC use filter banks with high frequency resolution For signals with high tonality efficiency is high But when there are transien
54. ering the software license key used to activate the aptX Enhanced codec If your Z IP ONE has a path to the Internet you can use the front panel enter the activation key The Z IP ONE will contact the license server and activate the software You may also enter the activation key via the Software web page If your Z IP ONE is on a private network this is the method that you must use When you enter the key on the web page if the Z IP ONE is unable to activate the key on the license server you will be given a link to activate the key yourself The license server will respond with an activation code which you will also enter on the Software web page For more information on installing aptX or to order a license contact Telos Customer Support or your local Telos dealer THE SETUP MENU 27 6 5 Setup Wizard The Setup Wizard offers a guided approach to setting the most commonly used network settings It appears the first time the Setup menu is accessed and can be run again by selecting this menu item For an overview of the Setup Wizard see Chapter 2 Quick Start Guide 6 6 ZIP Server The Setup gt ZIP Server menu allows the user to select which ZIP Server to use and how the Z IP ONE is represented on that server This section has a brief description of how each of these settings is used For a more thorough discussion see Section 9 1 Telos Session Control Protocol Device Unit name use the keypad to enter a unique name for your
55. ers from 2 to 253 still a pretty big range So just choose a number I prefer to start with the lower numbers for no particular reason For this example I chose 10 so my first IP address to test will be 192 168 123 10 1 Press and hold the windows key then press R to bring up the windows Run dialog box Type cmd without quotes in the dialog and press enter You can also launch cmd from the start menu but the steps to do this vary between versions of Windows In the command prompt type ping followed by the trial IP address you selected I ll use 192 168 123 10 here then press enter C WINDOWS system32 cmd exe olx iC gt ping 192 168 123 18 n 68 Reply from 192 168 Pin Approxima und tr Minim Map IC We got a reply to our ping That means that the IP address I selected is in use by another device so we can t use it Let s try another I will choose 15 this time C WINDOWS system32 cmd exe of xl C gt ping 192 168 123 15 Pinging 192 168 123 15 with 32 bytes of data out out out out for 192 168 5 A Re Lost 4 180x loss gt Much better The time out messages indicate that no device responded at this address This is a pretty good indication that we can use this address But let s double check to be sure There are some IP devices that may be configured not to reply to pings WHEN AN IT DEPARTMENT IS NOT AVAILABLE 61 5 At the command prompt typ
56. esponding output signal at the far end of the call The far end status output will only trigger if it is also set to end to end Disconnect if this input is asserted the Z IP ONE will immediately disconnect any connected calls Panic Dial if this pin is asserted the Z IP ONE will immediately dial the phone book entry that has been configured for this pin See Chapter 10 for more information on the phone book and how to configure contacts for use with panic dial inputs Transmit 0 this will send data to the corresponding bit of the far end codec indicating that the given input bit is unasserted This can be used for troubleshooting or as a simple identifier to distinguish different codecs at the far end The far end s status output will only reflect this change if the corresponding output bit is set to end to end Transmit 1 this will send data to the corresponding bit of the far end codec indicating that the given input bit is asserted This can be used for troubleshooting or as a simple identifier to distinguish different codecs at the far end The far end s status output will only reflect this change if the corresponding bit is set to end to end ANCILLARY DATA 51 Parallel Port There are 8 open collector outputs and 8 open collector inputs each configurable from the Settings menu in the user interface The DB25 connector is pinned out as follows 14 5 46 7 ag 19 20 21 22 P 94 8 DB25 Male Connector Par
57. evel inputs or mic level inputs with 15V phantom power enabled The exact gain of the input is dependent on the mode and selected by items further down this menu 5 3 Microphone level Gain Use the Mic Gain Trim setting to set the gain level of the analog XLR inputs This only affects the inputs that are set to Microphone but if both the left and the right inputs are microphones they must both use the same gain level The available microphone gain is from 23 5dB to 47 5dB in 1 5dB steps 5 4 Line level Gain The Line Gain Trim L and Line Gain Trim R items set the gain of the respective analog XLR inputs These settings only affect inputs that are set to Line The left and right Line level gains can be set independently from 12dB to 12dB in 1 5dB steps 5 5 Transmit Mode The Z IP ONE can be configured to transmit stereo audio or sum inputs to send a mono stream The Transmit Mode setting affects all input types Some codecs only support stereo or mono operation When using these codecs the proper transmit mode is used automatically so the transmit mode setting will never affect codec availability when configuring a call However be aware that in many codecs changing the stereo mode does change the available range of bit rates After changing the stereo mode the codec setup page will automatically show the new bit rat range available for the selected codec For an at a glance display of all codecs and how they are affected by
58. g to memorize IP addresses Z 1P ONEs with software earlier than v2 0 0r such as the one shown above had the version number printed on the main screen instead If your Z IP ONE is not running at least v2 0 0r please update your codec to the latest released version of software The latest version is always listed and available for download here http www telos systems com codecs zip one If the front panel controls are not used for a short period of time the display will revert back to a status screen by default the last status screen viewed Xm A Rev LAN ZIP Livewire OWAN RevLock LW Syn B 2 3 Setup Wizard One option for initial setup of the Z IP ONE is using the built in Setup Wizard The Setup Wizard will work in most common IP networks and requires little technical knowledge Let s walk through it From the Main menu highlight and select Setup From the Setup menu highlight and select Setup Wizard eaming Inte Status Phonebook History TLS_Demo Audio Iv0 an Network Audio Codec System Software Setup Wizard ZIP Server Click to Continue Select the WAN Ethernet connection Ji e the network streaming mation 20 Wired WAN connector Wifi WLAN USB stick Continue QUICK START GUIDE 5 Select the Analog XLR connectors for audio input Answer Yes to allow control of your unit from either port the uni ow do you get audio to from the 2 IP ONE I Et
59. gain to accept the change 4 Press the ESC key twice to return to the status screen Once the WiFi interface is configured and can be used to access the network the ZIP indicator will fill in This indicates that your Z IP ONE is connected to the Internet and is ready to use 11 2 UMTS EVDO Wireless Networks 1 From the Setup gt Network menu choose the UMTS EVDO option 2 Set the country protocol dial number PIN account name account password and provider URL All of this information is supplied by your wireless service provider 3 Select Activate Settings to commit your settings to memory and begin using them 4 Press the ESC key to return to the Setup menu Turn the control knob to highlight the Streaming Interface option and press the knob to edit it Choose UMTS EVDO from the list and press the control knob again to set that value 5 Press the ESC key twice to return to the status menu When the UMTS EVDO device is configured correctly and has access to the wireless data network the ZIP status indicator will fill This shows that the Z IP ONE has access to the Internet and is ready to use Also note that your EVDO device must be activated using a computer with the software that comes with it Please follow any directions that came with the device and contact your service provider for assistance if necessary Once you have verified it is operating as intended follow the steps above 48 Section 11 EVDO Devices Supported
60. gs choose which categories you would like to restore find the settings backup file using the Choose File button and then load them into the Z IP ONE by clicking Restore Settings 36 Section8 The settings categories are for your convenience in sharing settings between multiple Z IP ONEs For example if you have three codecs in different rooms but that all call the same places you may wish to restore only the phone book and system configuration If you were to restore all the settings their IP addresses on the network would conflict and would need to be changed again manually The category checkboxes are only used during a restore All settings are always backed up in the file that you save on your PC Use a full settings backup and restore to test new configurations before lending to a different location etc As an alternative to manual software updating and configuration management the Z IP ONE is fully compatible with the Axia iProbe network management software 8 6 Quick Start and Manual This link opens a PDF copy of the Quick Start guide Chapter 2 in this manual or the whole manual in your browser window 8 7 Logs Where the status page is focused on regular usage statistics the Logs page displays usage history for the current session It will show major operating events such as connecting and disconnecting and has a history of all the messages that have been displayed in pop up windows on the front panel and incl
61. h any other brand This is a phone call Often used for compati bility for SIP VoIP calls to or from regular tele phones aptX Enhanced is primarily used in professional broadcast applications where low delay is desired and cascading coding algorithms may be en countered Perfect audio for perfect connections If you ve got the bandwidth and a perfect IP path low jitter and no packet loss this is the perfect algo rithm Bit rate is not variable but is fixed for given mono stereo and bit depth parameters INSTALLATION 11 Installation 3 1 Rack Mounting the Studio Unit The Z IP ONE mounts in a 1RU space in a standard 19 rack The Z IP ONE does not have an internal fan and does not have any special requirements for space above and below the unit As long as you keep the stirred air in the rack between 0 and 40 Celsius 32 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit with a relative humidity of 0 to 98 non condensing the unit will operate as described 3 2 Power Install the power cord included with the Z IP ONE in the marked AC power connector located in the rear of the unit The internal universal switching supply will accept 100 240 VAC 50 60 Hz input You should see the blue front panel LED flash to indicate the unit is booting Subsequently the main menu will appear This process can take about 90 seconds 3 3 Balanced Analog Inputs Input Audio XLR Pinout PIN DESCRIPTION 1 Ground 2 Signal Input 3 Signal
62. h conn Analog KLR connectors gt Livewire IP audio Let s answer No to the SIP server question Yes gt No Zal will provide IP numbers ae the keypad enter a name for this Z IP ONE Answer Yes here We ll use this port enter a suitable device name for unit WAN Eth interface configured using TLS_Demo Apply settings exit wizard Ho 1 will provide IP numbers Then click to Apply settings and exit Click OK to complete the Setup Wizard suitable device name for TLS_Demo ad Then highlight and select Status 5 History TLS_Demo Audio 1 0 Help Setup Within a few seconds the ZIP light should come on too E A amt AAA Rev OLAN O ZIP OLivewire OLAN O ZIP OLivewire eo Connect Suan O RevLock Li Sync Bi er B a o VAN O RevLock LW Sync The ZIP indicator is your assurance that your Z IP ONE is communicating with the Telos ZIP Server and that connections to other Z IP ONEs and Zephyr TPs are just two button presses away Whatif the ZIP indicator doesn t light up This condition is usually caused by a very restrictive network firewall a non standard DNS configuration or not having DHCP available to obtain an IP address automatically Appendix A offers information and suggestions about working through restrictive network firewalls and alternatively configuring DNS 6 Section 2 2 4 Make Your First IP Codec Call Now that the WAN and ZIP indicators are ON
63. he Receipt Date and before the end of the second 2nd year the customer will pay the freight to return the warranted Product to Telos Telos will then at its sole discretion repair or replace the warranted Product and return it to the end user at Telos expense If the Warranty Claim Notice Date occurs between the end of the second 2nd year following the Receipt Date and the completion of the fifth Sth year the customer will pay the costs of shipping such warranted Product to and from the end user s location Telos will then in its sole discretion repair or replace the warranted Product at Telos expense Telos also reserves the right if it is not economically justifiable to repair the warranted Product to offer a replacement product of comparable performance and condition direct to the customer at a discounted price accepting the failed warranted Product as a trade in The end user will in all cases be responsible for all duties and taxes associated with the shipment return and servicing of the warranted Product No distributor dealer or reseller of Telos products is authorized under any circumstances to extend expand or otherwise modify in any way the warranty provided by Telos and any attempt to do so is null and void and shall not be effective as against Telos or its Affiliates Out of warranty units returned to the factory for repair may be subject to a 500 evaluation fee which fee must be prepaid prior to shipping the unit
64. he outside because the NAT does not know which internal device the packet is destined for To get around this drawback NATs have configuration capabilities which allow the user to forward specific ports to a given internal device or to add a single device DMZ De Militarized Zone where the device is now visible to the public WHEN AN IT DEPARTMENT IS NOT AVAILABLE 63 How does the ZIP Server help Making NAT configuration changes can be cumbersome The Z IP ONE uses the ZIP Server to detect if it is installed behind a NAT and then determine the type of NAT as well It is then able to accept calls from the outside without requiring you to make special configuration changes to your NAT In addition to NAT traversal assistance the ZIP Server also allows you to see the status of your contact devices to get a directory listing of available devices or to dial another device by name How do use port forwarding with the Z IP ONE A common technique to help devices behind NATs communicate is to use port forwarding When you use port forwarding you tell the NAT that any time it receives data at a particular port number it should forward that data packet to a specific internal device The Z IP ONE is able to communicate through most types of NATs without requiring any special configuration of the NAT But some NATs are much more restrictive than others Establishing a connection becomes even more difficult when both ends are behind very
65. hey work with indicator lights as on the first status screen The meaning of each of the in and out bits is configurable on the Setup gt Parallel Port Configuration page The indicators are active filled or lit when the associated GPIO bit is also active asserted or logically true See Chapter 12 Ancillary Data for more information on GPIO operation 7 3 Call Status Codec tscpiZephyrIP1 public Idle 9 17 16 53 none I AAC ELD 64666 AAC HE 96723 None None The information on this screen again relates mostly to a call in progress The peer and status lines at the top have the same information as those fields on the page before Following those the Xmt and Rcv fields show the codec used and the current bit rate For the Xmt field the bit rate shown is nominal For the Rev field the bit rate is actual the Agile Connection Technology if applicable for the current codec will change the bit rate up and down to manage the buffer level The AESin field shows the sample rate of the AES input The AES stream format has a field that can be used to indicate what the sample rate is The Z IP ONE measures the actual sample rate of the audio portion of the AES stream and always displays that number If the indicated sample rate does not match the actual sample rate a question mark is shown after the detected actual sample rate The NAT field will have some information on the type of Network Address Translation used
66. htly higher delay Error concealment Excellent quality at medi um high bitrates Very com patible with other brands of equipment Good voice quality 7 kHz when low delay and compat ibility is needed Also called HD Voice Low quality low delay mono voice Only 3 3 kHz audio Excellent quality full audio bandwidth low delay Op tional on some codecs Perfect quality full band width low delay No error concealment QUICK START GUIDE 9 Typical Use Live broadcasts of voice or music Can use for music if necessary Quick interaction with studio hosts and callers Music at lower bitrates Best for one way broad casts where tight interaction with studio hosts or callers is not critical Works at very low bitrates with some compromise in quality Music or voice at medium bitrates When medi um bandwidth is available and interaction with studio hosts or callers is needed this is a great choice Music at medium bitrates For the medium range of bitrates this is the best codec to choose when a little delay is okay Quality is fully awesome especially at 256 kbps and higher Music or voice at medium bitrates to other brands of codecs Layer 2 is a great choice espe cially for compatibility across different brands of codecs Voice at low bitrate to other brands of codecs Not high quality but much better than a stan dard telephone call It s the most compatible low bitrate codec wit
67. ial meaning in the Internet Protocol They are local broadcast addresses A packet sent to such a broadcast address 255 on a class C network 255 255 on a class B network etc will be sent to all hosts on the local subnet DNS DNS stands for Domain Name System and in some ways it is similar to how the telephone book works if you know the name you can look up the corresponding phone number to dial DNS servers allow IP devices to find the IP address that corresponds to a given name like telos systems com The device can then use the IP address to talk to the host that has the name Without a DNS server you would not be able to use address names only raw numbers DHCP The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP is a method of handing out IP address to IP devices ona network in a dynamic fashion When an IP device that is configured to use DHCP is powered up or connected to the network it broadcasts a request for IP configuration information on the subnet If a DHCP server is available it will allocate an unused IP address from a user specified range and respond back to the device The device can then configure itself with this IP address Using DHCP is a convenient method to configure an IP device but it is not always the best course of action When you use DHCP you don t know the assigned IP address of the device plus this address may change from time to time This is usually not a problem but in some cases it can be If you n
68. ice from the list at the right Click Add to add this device to the phone book or Call to call the device directly Just as on the front panel once you select a device to add you will be taken to the same screen used for adding phone book entries manually Verify the information and choose any additional phone book entry settings then click Save 46 Section 10 Dialing from the Phone Book To use the phone book for dialing press the Auto key on the front panel or use the Auto tab of the Autodial webpage The phone book lists its entries by screen name the user friendly name that you entered when saving the contact to the list There is a space before each entry for a status icon A filled circle shows that a Zephyr IP is currently online An empty circle means that the directory server knows about the Zephyr IP in question but the codec is offline There is no icon for codecs that are unknown to the server either because the Zephyr IP has been offline for more than six months or renamed or the entry is not using the directory server for SIP RTP and direct dialed TSCP entries On the webpage this status is shown by highlighting the entry in green red or blue respectively You can dial an entry from the front panel by selecting it from the list and then either pressing the main control knob or by pressing the Auto key again From the web page select the entry from the list on the right hand side of the Auto tab s screen and
69. ing the Yes button with the main control knob will end the call THE FRONT PANELINTERFACE 17 4 2 The User Interface and Menu System After a period of inactivity the Z IP ONE will time out to a status screen Pressing the ESC button will exit to the menu system Rotating the main control knob moves from option to option while pressing it will select the currently highlighted item While in a menu pressing ESC will back you up one level Repeated presses will take you to the main menu From the main menu you can access the Status Phonebook Audio I O Setup Help and call History sub menus Status Phonebook History TLS_Demo Audio 1 0 He Getting Help Context sensitive help is available at any time by pressing the 1 button General help can also be accessed by choosing Help from the main menu Clearing Pop ups When a condition exists that requires attention the Z IP ONE will display a pop up box in front of whatever screen is otherwise active To close the current pop up press the ESC key To close all pop ups in the stack press the O key The Z IP ONE keeps a list of all pop up screens that have been displayed since the last time it was rebooted This list is shown on the Logs web page THE SETUP MENU 19 5 The Audio I O Menu This menu gives access to the various settings related to audio into and out of the device 5 1 Audio Input Source The Audio Input Source item chooses which audio input is
70. isplay if the Z IP ONE is not monitored via the front panel Remote ctrl password this is the password used to access the Z IP ONE s configuration NTP Server Specifies a network time protocol server to use to set the time and date on the Z IP ONE Time and date are used on status displays and for time stamping pop up messages and troubleshooting logs Timezone hours East specifies how many hours east of UTC O your time zone is This is used to calculate the correct time to show on logs and status screens Default Status Page chooses one of the main status displays to show when there is no front panel activity See Chapter 7 for more information on the status displays 6 4 Software The Setup gt Software submenu allows you to choose between two different installed versions of the Z IP ONE s software The last option Reset to Defaults and Reboot will erase all custom settings and phone book entries When the Z IP ONE reboots it will have the same settings it had when it originally came from Telos It is a good idea to back up your Z IP ONE s settings before resetting to factory defaults While you can use the front panel interface to select which installed version of software to run you can only install new software via the internal webserver See Chapter 8 for more information on installing and managing software versions as well as backing up your Z IP ONE s settings The Software submenu also has a field for ent
71. ity is measured using a combination of packet loss latency and jitter time between packets measurements The Far Buffer meter shows the fullness of the received audio buffer of the Z IP ONE on the far end of the connec tion and Xmt quality shows that unit s measurement of the stability of the connection These two meters are not calculated by this Z IP ONE but are included in the information sent back from the remote unit As such they will only be present when the other end of the connection is a Z IP ONE and a connection method is used that supports the sending of additional information When remote status information is unavailable these meters will be shown in a darker grayed out color 7 2 Call Status GPIO Day I Amt tscpilephyriPiBBpublic Idle 09 17 16 53 Ela OD OD JD gP gS ge ga gs ergeni 8 GPIO Out The second status page has information most useful during the production of a show The same level meters and input source icon are shown on the top of the page for confidence monitoring The middle section now has information on the connection progress if any The Peer line lists the current or last connection and its type The Status line has the current call status and a timestamp of when the status last changed In this case the unit has been idle since the 9 of the month at about 17 17 This is the time that the call with ZephyrIP10 public ended The last two rows are GPIO information T
72. izard 444 oat oe bb ea Ge ee Oe EA 4 2 4 Make Your First IP Codec Call o o o o o o o ee 6 2 Congratulations las ta 4 oud as Kee whe a Sale 7 Codec Features p o oo e a a ee es 8 CodecCharacteristics ee ee 9 Installation 11 3 1 Rack Mounting the Studio Unit 11 D2 POWER a E A a ok GE Re a do cta dd 11 3 3 Audio Inputs balanced analog 11 3 4 Audio Outputs balanced analog 12 3 5 Network Interfaces ee ee 12 ZO USB ROMS 4 amp ys o oR ee oe ee ad de 12 3 7 Network Interfaces curacion ee Cee ha PRS Ro ee eae 12 SO USB PONSE cic s a ee ae a a de a ee ee Eh a 13 39 Parallel Control gt lt 4 iaa a 13 The Front Panel Interface 15 4 1FrontPanelControls o o o o o o o o o oo o 15 4 2 The User Interface and Menu System o o o o o o o 17 The Audio 1 0 Menu 19 5 2 Input Modes s r ad Gok we dia da E 20 5 3 Microphone levelGain 2 ee 20 5ALline levelGain 2 ee ee es 20 55 Transmit Mode crew ai a ae di PS he oe Ge Ee 20 5 6 AES EBU Output SampleRate 2 2 ee ee 20 A ics se od ee an eee aie WAS OSE SD 20 Vi TELOS Z IP ONE 6 The Setup Menu 21 A oe ee aes Gas dae ee ee ew Nae ee es 21 6 2 Audio Codet eepe d aa d a a ead oes a naa 24 G3 SYSTEM 2 5 a e ae een snc el do ae we oe a Sa eE 26 GA SOWA 4 2 3 a ara ARA da we ES 26 6 5 Setup Wizard ee 27 CLP Serye as na ge ew A a aa 27
73. kbps The idea that lead to AAC was not only to start fresh but also to combine the best work from the world s leading audio coding laboratories Fraunhofer Dolby Sony and AT amp T were the primary collaborators that offered com ponents for AAC The hoped for result was ITU International Telecommunications Union indistinguishable quality at 64 kbps per mono channel That is quality indistinguishable from the original with no audio test item falling below the perceptible but not annoying threshold in controlled listening tests The MPEG test items include the most difficult audio known to codec researchers so this was a daunting challenge The thinking was that if a codec could pass this test it would surely be transparent for normal program material like voice and pop music which are much easier to encode AAC designers chose to use a new modular approach for the project with components being plugged in to a general framework in order to match specific application requirements and the always present performance complexity delay tradeoffs Compared to the previous layers AAC takes advantage of such new tools as temporal noise shaping back ward adaptive linear prediction and enhanced joint stereo coding techniques AAC supports a wide range of sampling rates 8 96 kHz bit rates 16 576 kbps and from one to 48 audio channels 70 Appendix B AAC is a lot more sophisticated than the previous MPEG layers 2 and 3 providi
74. l only recog nize Layer 2 streams using the default payload type 96 If you attempt to connect to one of these codecs with a Layer 2 stream using payload type 14 the stream will not be decoded by the older codec The call will end as an unclean disconnect since receiver considers the received packets malformed Due to this the Z IP ONE will display a message informing the user of a network transmission failure 26 Section 6 6 3 System The Setup gt System submenu contains settings for general system options 4 Autoanswer if auto answer is turned On the Z IP ONE will accept any incoming connection Otherwise the user will be prompted to accept or reject all incoming calls Display Contrast sets the brightness of the screen Turning the contrast down will extend the life of the display 4 Frontpanel Speaker choose which sounds are played during operation or disable the internal speaker Keyboard Clicks are short beeps in response to pressing buttons or turning the control knob Sounds are other beeps or beep sequences that provide status for example an incoming ring or a successful connection Redial Mode if an outgoing call fails abnormally this setting determines whether the Z IP ONE attempts to reestablish the call and if so how many attempts to make Display Dim Timeout Enables a screensaver that turns the contrast very low until any key or knob is used Use this to extend the life of the d
75. l time Transport Protocol 24 Section 6 Multicast TTL TTL stands for Time to Live It is a value in every IP packet sent that is decremented every time the packet passes through a router When the number hits zero the router won t pass it any further It is a tool that is useful in restricting how far in a network information is allowed to go Although the Z IP ONE cannot subscribe to multicast stream of compressed audio it can send an encoded RTP stream to a multicast address This can be used to let the switches and routers in a managed network replicate the Z IP ONE s stream to many receivers By default multicast packets have a TTL of 1 which means they cannot be routed If your managed network requires multiple hops for multicast traffic you can customize the time to live here HTTP Web Server Port Allows you to change the Z IP ONE s management web interface Entering a 0 in this field uses the standard port 80 Since the standard port and the unofficial but relatively common management ports of 8800 and 8080 are well known a Z IP ONE on the public internet should have its web server set to a unique non standard port This can also be used to allow management of multiple Z IP ONEs that are behind a router that supports port forwarding but not port translation 6 2 Audio Codec The Audio Codec menus allow the user to change various settings related to the audio and transmission quality and also to select the appr
76. laptop 192 168 1 100 The NAT router intercepts the packet and changes the packet to replace the laptop s IP address with the public IP address assigned to the router in this example 75 24 91 63 then sends the packet to the destination The server responds to the IP address embedded in the packet so the packet is sent back to the NAT router The NAT remembers that the initial request came from the laptop so the packet is sent to it As far as the laptop is concerned it does not know nor does it care that there is a NAT device in between Are all NAT devices the same Not all NAT devices are the same as there is no defined standard on how a NAT should behave Each vendor implements the NAT functions in a proprietary manner You may hear NATs described as full cone restricted cone port restricted cone or symmetric Not everyone agrees on the exact definition of these terms A Wikipedia article http en wikipedia org wiki Network_address_translation does a good job attempting to describe them Perhaps counter intuitively symmetric NATs are among the most restrictive How do NAT devices affect communication devices NAT has some benefits and drawbacks It is a lower cost solution compared to obtaining multiple public addresses and it adds to security by hiding the internal structure of the network and by allowing only pre specified direct contact via port forwarding see below However internal devices are no longer reachable from t
77. ll use the back panel GPIO for inputs In some cases you may want to use Livewire GPIO signaling for the Z IP s input signals but not follow any other device An example of this would be using the Pathfinder network management software to define events that trigger the Z IP ONE s GPIO input signals To do this configure the Z IP ONE to listen to a GPIO signal that does not exist An easy way to guarantee this is to use the Z IP ONE s own IP address with port numbers of 3 and 4 This tells the Z IP ONE not to use the parallel port for signal inputs but it gives it a Livewire GPIO signal that will never change on its own ANCILLARY DATA 53 GPI versus GPO In the above introduction you may have noticed that we referred to Livewire GPIO input signals and output signals However in the Livewire world these are referred to as GPIs and GPOs individually Why the difference This is a technical distinction that will not be important for most users but if you are curious as to the answer read on In the Livewire world GPI general purpose input and GPO general purpose output are always relative to the ports of the dedicated Livewire GPIO node This is a device that has many banks of parallel ports and converts physical inputs and outputs to Livewire GPIO signals Consider a device that has no Ethernet port To use Livewire GPIO with it you would use a GPIO node and connect the two device s parallel port pins together like this
78. manual IPv6 is a newer standard that is not yet widely deployed IPv4 addresses consist of a 32 bit number To make it easier for humans to describe IP addresses are written in a form called dotted decimal notation To come up with a dotted decimal representation the 32 bit number is broken down into four parts each 8 bits long Each part is converted to a decimal number and written out with a dot in between For example a device that has a 32 bit IP address of 3 232 235 841 is commonly written out as 192 168 1 65 The figure below shows how this conversion takes place IP number 3 232 235 841 J Binary 11000000 LO LO LO 0000000 ROmewowon Decimal 192 168 A 1 65 I hope you agree that 192 168 1 65 is easier to remember and talk about than 3 232 235 841 Subnet Masks Larger networks are often broken down into subnets Subnets make the network easier to manage Subnets are connected to each other by routers devices that route the packets between networks The Internet Protocol differentiates between local addresses addresses on the same subnet and remote addresses on different subnets It uses the subnet mask to accomplish this task Subnet masks might also be called netmasks or IP masks 56 Appendix A Before we get too deep into binary numbers host and network address parts you should be aware that you can safely treat the subnet mask as just another parameter to set when you configure an IP address No deep understandi
79. must be shaped to be under the limits set by the masking curve The quantized values are joined in the bit stream multiplex along with any side information Doing audio coding effectively means managing several tradeoffs Most important is the number of samples coded together in one frame Long frames have high delay but are more efficient because the header and side informa tion is transmitted less frequently Longer frames offer the possibility to use filter banks with better frequency resolution A fundamental principle in signal processing is that spectral splitting filters may have either good time resolution or good frequency resolution but not both This makes sense when you consider that a longer time window means that the analyzer has more complete information more full audio cycles to work with In the case of rapidly changing input signals transients long frames are poorer than short ones because the time spread will lead to so called pre echoes For such signals the size of the frame should correspond to the temporal resolution of the human ear This can be achieved by using short frames or by changing the frame length according to the immediate characteristics of the signal MPEG AUDIO CODING REFERENCE 69 By far the most popular high fidelity audio coders rely upon techniques developed under the MPEG umbrella MPEG stands for Motion Pictures Expert Group a joint committee of the International Standards Organiza
80. n the meantime If there is a time when you need to use the same device name on a different Z IP ONE you can reassign the name but only if you are using your own group In this case simply join the group and then configure the new Zephyr IP with the same name as the old device You will get a warning telling you that the name has been previously used by another device and given a choice to select another name or take over this name Since no two devices can have the same name at the same time you should make sure there is no other device connected to the server that is using the same name Please use this feature cautiously Taking over the name of a unit that is currently online could cause the units to fight over the name potentially resulting in a loss of service to both Zephyr IPs AUDIO STREAMS 39 Presence Service Once your Z IP ONE is registered with the server it checks in periodically to make sure that the server knows about any IP address or other network changes that may have happened Because of this the server can keep track of which Zephyr TPs are currently online The presence service allows you to see the state of the other Zephyr IPs in your phone book or speed dial list This way you can know if the Zephyr IP you want to call is online before you even dial The state information is updated a few times per minute to always keep the list up to date NAT Traversal Many networks make use of network address translati
81. n the third field After the information is entered pressing the Call button will start the connection From the Web Page All calls are made from the Connect application on the web page For direct dialing use the Connect tab Calling in this way is a little different from using the front panel Rather than separate fields all the connection details are entered on the first line The format is protocol name address port The protocol can be tscp sip or rtp If none is specified TSCP is assumed The name address portion of the line depends on the protocol used For TSCP this will be device group For N ACIP SIP it will be whatever details are needed by your SIP server or just an IP address for a direct SIP connection For RTP this should be just an IP address or hostname The port is optional only needed if connecting to a nonstandard port Here are some example addresses tscp Testline Mpublic 4 rtp 192 168 3 220 9150 sip 95551212 sip jimmy server tld 44 Section 10 10 2 Using the Phone Book Dialing manually is fine for a connection that you need to make only once or only infrequently For connections that you will use more often there is an internal phone book that will remember the connection details for you The phone book can get call information from manual entry the ZIP Server or your own call history Regardless of how the information is filled out a phone book entry has the following parts Device name
82. network conditions minimizing the effects of packet loss varying bandwidth and jitter that can occur on these networks by means of sophisticated error detection and concealment dynamic buffering and other techniques that work together to provide reliable IP audio connections The Z IP ONE has an impressive list of features including 4 4 e gt gt gt gt gt o o Analog line professional or microphone input levels AES EBU digital input and output 15 volt phantom power for direct use with condenser microphones Transmission bit rates from 8kbps to 2304 kbps User friendly front panel interface with OLED screen Real time metering and connection status display screen Context sensitive on screen help available at a touch of a button EBU N ACIP Audio Contribution over IP and SIP interoperability with other third party codecs Backward compatible with the Telos Zephyr Xstream as well as the original Zephyr IP Built in web server for configuration and remote control Wireless connection through Wi Fi and 3G 4G EVDO modems Wi Fi modem included Livewire audio over IP inputs and outputs Separate LAN and WAN Ethernet ports simplify isolation of your LAN from the internet The ability to register with a directory server ZIP Server This allows establishing a connection even when located behind NAT and firewalls without knowing the other party s IP address Router Mode allows the Z IP ONE to be us
83. ng is required to find out what the local subnet mask is and to configure it for your IP device We should also mention that one of the most commonly used subnet masks is 255 255 255 0 Read on to find out why Network and Host IDs To deal with subnets IP treats the IP address as consisting of two separate IDs A network ID anda host ID The network ID identifies the subnet while the host ID identifies the actual device on the subnet If two devices have addresses with the same network IDs then they are on the same subnet and are able to exchange data directly If not then they are on different subnets Any data exchange between them would have to go through a router The protocol needs to split the IP address into the network and host parts so that it knows where to send the data packets It accomplishes this splitting by using the subnet mask A subnet mask is a 32 bit number and is commonly written out in dotted decimal notation just like an IP address If you write it out as a binary number you will notice that it consists of a string of ones followed by a string of zeroes The ones indicate they mask the network portion of the IP address while the zeroes indicate the host portion An example might explain this better Using the same IP address as above 192 168 1 65 with a subnet mask of 255 255 255 0 we found out that the network ID is 192 168 1 0 while the host ID is 65 Here is how we did it Step 1 Convert the mask to binar
84. ng significantly more coding power Because it uses a modular approach new ideas can be developed and plugged into the basic structure This had the additional advantage that it was possible to combine the various components from different developers taking the best pieces from each AAC was built on a similar structure to Layer 3 and thus retains most of its features Nevertheless compared to the previous MPEG layers AAC benefits from some important new additions to the coding toolkit An improved filter bank with a frequency resolution of 2048 spectral components nearly four times the number used by Layer 3 Temporal Noise Shaping a new and powerful element that minimizes the effect of temporal spread This benefits voice signals in particular A prediction module guides the quantizer to very effective coding when there is a noticeable signal pattern like high tonality 4 Perceptual Noise Shaping allows a finer control of quantization resolution so bits can be used more efficiently Because it uses this modular approach an implementer may pick and choose among the component tools to make a product with appropriate performance complexity ratios Or new modules can be developer later and plugged in to its basic structure Three default profiles have been defined using different combinations of the available tools 4 Main Profile uses all tools except the gain control modules Provides the highest quality for applicati
85. nsider a Z IP ONE that is being configured to use a Wi Fi hotspot In order to use the access point you must log in using a web page but the Z IP ONE cannot display web pages To solve this problem turn on Router Mode and connect a laptop to the LAN port of the Z IP ONE Set the LAN interface on the Z IP ONE and the laptop s Ethernet controller to be on a private network together Set the laptop s gateway to the Z IP ONE s IP address For example Z IP ONE Settings LAN IP Address 192 168 3 10 LAN Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway lt leave blank gt Laptop Settings LAN IP Address 192 168 3 11 LAN Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway 192 168 3 10 DNS Server 8 8 8 8 Now when you access the web on your laptop the connection goes through the Z IP ONE as though it were a router You will see the Wi Fi hotspot s login page After you log in with your laptop the Z IP ONE will be able to use the hotspot to connect to the Z IP Server and any other Zephyr TP You can use this any time you have only one network connection that you need to share between the Z IP ONE and other equipment RTP Push Receive Port Change the RTP receive port from the default of UDP 9150 or make blank disable The three fields following this G 722 reply at port 1 Rev codec reply at port 2 and User codec reply at port 3 are for configuring an automatic reply to an incoming RTP stream For a full explanation of how these settings are used see Section 9 3 Rea
86. o the web interface using the Z IP ONE s IP address followed by a colon followed by the new port number For example if your Z IP ONE is at address 192 168 1 140 and the HTTP port is set to 8810 you would enter its address in your web browser as http 192 168 1 140 8810 From the Z IP ONE web interface you can configure all of the options that are available on the front panel plus a few that are not The advantage of the web interface is that your monitor is much larger that the Z IP ONE s display and you can use your mouse and keyboard instead of the control knob and dial pad 8 1 Status Page Connect Status Connection Status System Info Connection Status Connected CPU Temperature 34 C 93 F Audio Connection Peer tscp ZephyrlP10 public Uptime 0 05 23 29 Streaming Connected for 0 00 00 11 Current time 2013 10 02 19 57 09 UTC Network Receive Transmit RS232 Adapter Not installed Eo Total frames 192 384 Sete areton E l Minimum pa frames 47 0 Audio Output Levet 34 34 dB Quick Start oe naaa E O Audio input Level 48 53 dB User Manual Concealed frames 46 2 Livewire Clock None Logs Dropped frames 0 0 Bitrate bit sec 96909 64000 Samplerate Hz 48000 48000 V1 8 10b Audio channels 2 2 Coding Mode AAC HE AAC ELD LAN WAN Wifi WLAN EVDO UMTS IP Address 172 16 1 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Network Mask 255 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gateway IP 172 16 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MAC addre
87. of bits allocated to the host ID determines the maximum number of IP address you can have on the subnet An 8 bit host ID would allow fora subnet with a maximum of 255 hosts That would not be enough in some cases The subnet mask solves this problem although perhaps in an awkward way On subnets with lots of hosts you can use fewer bits for the network ID and more bits for the host ID On subnets with fewer hosts you can use more bits for the network ID and fewer bits for the host ID If you re managing a private network you re free to select your subnet mask as you like But on the internet subnet masks are assigned by IP address class There are three common IP address classes A B and C There is also a class D used for multicast classes and a class E reserved for future use but here we ll only look at the first three Class IP Address Range Subnet Mask A 0 0 0 0 to 255 0 0 0 127 255 255 255 B 128 0 0 0 to 255 255 0 0 191 255 255 255 a 192 0 0 0 to 255 255 255 0 223 255 255 255 Class C is the most common IP address class so most of the subnet masks you see will likely be 255 255 255 0 Itis possible to have different subnet masks in addition to the ones above The one thing to remember is that when converted to a binary number subnet masks are always a continuous string of 1s followed by a string of Os Windows Calculator can perform decimal binary hex and octal number conversions as well as some binary operation
88. off until a call is connected and the correct codec type has been determined and it has detected valid data This output is an indication that audio should be present and if it is not that silence is being transmitted from the far end Follow Input This is a diagnostic mode for locally testing the connections to the inputs and outputs When this mode is used the output asserts whenever the corresponding input has been triggered and will remain so until the input is no longer asserted Disrupted Call if a call drops unexpectedly this output is asserted The output will remain on until a call is reestablished or the operator manually cancels a redial attempt Lost Packet this output will assert briefly each time the decoder records a packet loss Bad Quality This output asserts any time the number of unusable packets crosses a certain threshold This includes both lost packets and packets that arrive with errors rendering them unusable The threshold is user definable the setting for which can be found on the same front panel and web pages as the status bit assignments This output is updated once every three seconds Status Inputs The eight general purpose inputs can each be set to one of six operating modes 1 2 No function the input is not used and any activity on the pin is ignored End to end for calls made using codecs that support end to end contact closures this input signal will be reflected by the corr
89. on NAT devices to get around the shortage of public IP addresses or even just to make devices less visible to the public Internet In this case the router will have the public or WAN IP address that is accessible from the Internet Devices on the local LAN have what are referred to as non routable IP addresses that are intended for local use only generally in the 192 168 x y or 10 x y z subnets NATs can be very useful but they also make it difficult to reach devices that are behind the NAT The ZIP Server allows your device to detect when it is installed behind a NAT and also what type of NAT is in use This helps allow the units to reach each other even when both sides are installed behind NATs See Appendix A for more informa tion on how NAT routers work There is no default port number used by TSCP Rather one is determined each time the Zephyr IP connects to the ZIP Server For port forwarding to work however the Z IP ONE s listening port must be static The ZIP Server setup screen on the Z IP ONE has a field for setting a static listen port for this purpose Media Relay Service Not all NATs behave the same way Some NATs are very restrictive and go to great lengths to prevent data from outside the network from reaching devices on the inside This is a great security feature for PCs which typically ini tiate connections themselves However it can create trouble for devices that are listening waiting for a connection
90. ons where the amount of random access memory RAM needed is not constrained 4 Low complexity Profile deletes the prediction tool and reduces the temporal noise shaping tool in complexity Sample rate Scalable SRS Profile adds the gain control tool to the low complexity profile allowing the least complex decoder The block diagram of the AAC encoder is shown below It is considerably more sophisticated than the previous MPEG Layer 2 and Layer 3 systems and therefore offers more coding power AUDIO CODING REFERENCE 71 Input Gain Control Legend Perceptual model Data Control Intensity Coupling 13818 7 Coded Prediction Bitstream Mid Side M Stereo Interation Loops Rate Distortion Quantizer Control Process a Noiseless Via HS Because AAC was built on a similar structure to Layer 3 it therefore retains some of its powerful features Redundancy Reduction a Huffman encoding process causes values that appear more frequently to be coded with shorter words while values that appear only rarely are coded with longer words This results in an overall increase in coding efficiency with no degradation since itis a completely lossless process Bit Reservoir Buffering often there are some critical parts in a piece of music that cannot be encoded ata given data rate without audible noise These sequences require a higher data rate to avoid artifacts On th
91. opriate compression scheme For more detailed information on audio encoding and the codecs used in the Z IP ONE see Appendix B As you change the profile the other settings on this screen are updated to show what will be used by that profile All preset profiles use AAC ELD between 8kbps and 64 kbps They differ in the minimum and maximum buffer settings If you select User Setting for your profile the options you choose below are used Changing any of these options when you are on a preset profile will change the profile to User Setting automatically If you set the bitrate minimum to be the same as the bitrate maximum and also set the buffering minimum to the same as the buffering maximum the Agile Connection Technology ACT algorithm will be disabled even for codecs which support ACT Encoding Mode selects how the Z IP ONE encodes the audio that it sends to the remote codec Different codecs support different features and bit rates Changing encoders will change the range of the rates that can be selected under Bitrate Minimum and Bitrate Maximum Codec Range kbps 8 96 24 64 56 320 32 320 56 64 64 56 256 MI 56 384 RY aptX Enhanced 192 576 16 bit PCM 20 bit PCM 24 bit PCM 768 960 Mono Only Stereo and Mono Stereo Only THESETUP MENU 25 The codecs in the Z IP ONE can be put into two broad categories ACT capable and QoS required Codecs which s
92. p Those outside your organization should use the public group or their own groups The administrative password is used to change the group passwords later if needed and should never be given to anyone Click the Create Group button to create the group A message will indicate if the operation succeeded or failed If the group creation failed due to a duplicate name you will need to change the name and try again Using the name of your organization possibly followed by the city name for a large organization may be more likely to succeed Groups remain active on the server as long as they have at least one Z IP ONE that belongs to that group If a group has no members the server will delete the group after 24 hours Device Names The server does not allow two Zephyr IP devices in the same group to use the same device name If you choose a name already in use in the public group the server will append a number to the end of the name you selected You can either keep this new name or try again Custom groups are different see below Names remain valid on the ZIP Server for six months During this time your name is protected so that someone cannot take it while your Z IP ONE is offline After six months of inactivity the name is removed from the server directory In most cases this is not a problem even if the name was removed from the server when your Z IP ONE connects again it can reuse its own name so long as no other device has taken it i
93. pecify the connection protocol and address information TSCP via ZIP Server device group TSCP via ZIP Server tscp device group TSCP direct tscp ww xx yy 2z 4 SIP via server sip localuser SIP via server sip remote host tld 4 SIP direct sip ww xx yy zz RTP direct rtp ww xx yy zz Below the Direct Dial line is a list of any connections that have been made since loading the Autodial application You can save items from this list to the phone book Starting a connection from this tab will take you to the status tab automatically The Status tab shows information about the connection currently in progress The four items listed at the bottom are Lost Expected packets that never arrived since the beginning of this connection Concealed Audio frames that were concealed by the decoder since the beginning of the connection A num ber of frames will be concealed at the start of a call before coded audio packets start to arrive This is normal Buffered the number of frames currently in the decoder s buffer Dropped frames that arrived but were dropped without being decoded This can be due to a burst of traffic that would otherwise overfill the buffer frames that arrived too late to be decoded etc The change in these values is graphed over time in the scrolling graphs If you press the Disconnect button the current connection will end and you will be returned to the Auto tab Audio Metering shows the current
94. phy renamed as ITU T in 1993 The technique used is sub band ADPCM Adaptive Delta Pulse Code Modulation which achieves data reduction by transmitting only the difference between successive samples G 722 does this in two audio frequency sub bands 50 Hz to 4 kHz and 4 to 7 kHz Deep Tech Note Only two bits are allocated per sample for audio frequencies above 4 kHz This is sufficient for conveying the sibilance invoice signals but is not very good for intricate musical sounds Also the predictor model used to determine the step size in the adaptive function is designed only for speech This is why music transmitted via G 722 has a distinctly fuzzy quality G 722 has a frequency response extending to 7 5 kHz with fairly poor fidelity Unless there is no alternative it should not be used for music aptX and aptX Enhanced Like G 722 aptX also dates from the earliest days of audio coding and is also based on ADPCM However it is designed to run at much higher bit rates with more bands and much more faithful audio replication Due to using ADPCM rather than psychoacoustic principles it also has a very low delay aptX cascades well making it suitable for audio that needs to be recompressed and retransmitted perhaps several times aptX was developed in the 1980s and became a commercial product in 1990 In 2000 the algorithm was updated into what is now known as aptX Enhanced Compared with the original aptX the Enh
95. port or over Livewire Since Livewire GPIO comes in bundles of five inputs and five outputs the Z IP ONE uses the first four pins of two separate Livewire GPIO addresses If a GPO source is specified here the first four inputs are taken from this Livewire GPIO port Livewire GPI outputs are always present Bit 4 7 GPO The Livewire GPO source bits for inputs four through seven Leave this field blank to use the parallel port for GPIO inputs More information on parallel port operation can be found in Chapter 12 Ancillary Data2 Ancillary Data THE STATUS SCREENS 29 The Status Screens The Z IP ONE has seven screens of information reporting the current state of different systems in the codec You can reach these displays from the main menu by either selecting the Status item or pressing the ESC key on the keypad A status screen will also be shown when there is no user activity on the front panel interface When status is displayed you can cycle through screens by turning the main control knob Return to the main menu by pressing the ESC key The section titles in this chapter match the labels used in the Setup gt System gt Default Status Page menu item for ease in selecting a default 7 1 Overview Ss Ss Rev I Seen 3 OLAN O AP O Livewire O WAN O RevLock LW Sync gt Buffer Buffer t Quality Quality The first screen displays broad information on a number of systems At the top of the display are level meters for
96. r codec In most cases this will be the WAN interface The options are LAN Port WAN Port WiFi WLAN appropriate USB device must be installed UMTS EVDO appropriate USB device must be installed 6 1 Network The WAN Interface menu sets the following options for the WAN RJ45 on the back panel WAN DHCP Off or On WAN IP Address Only used when DHCP is off WAN subnet mask Only used when DHCP is off WAN Gateway IP Only used when DHCP is off WAN DNS Server IP Only used when DHCP is off Activate Settings Accepts the above settings and restarts the WAN interface 22 Section 6 The LAN Interface menu sets the following options for the LAN RJ45 on the back panel LAN DHCP Off or On LAN IP Address Only used when DHCP is off LAN subnet mask Only used when DHCP is off LAN Gateway IP Only used when DHCP is off LAN DNS Server IP Only used when DHCP is off Activate Settings Accepts the above settings and restarts the LAN interface When changing any Ethernet port settings even DHCP you must select the Activate Settings item for the changes to take effect The Livewire menu has the following options Select LW Input Stream This list box shows the available Livewire streams on your network After boot up it may take a minute before all available streams have been detected Highlight the list and press the control knob to browse the streams Press the knob again to select the highlight
97. r second kbps per channel That s 11 of what we needed Curiosity Note You can arrive at these same numbers with nothing more complicated than grade school math Just multiply the sample rate by the sample depth 44 100 samples per second 16 bits per sample 705 600 bits per second for CD quality mono audio Multiply by 2 for stereo You can reduce the data requirements by lowering the quality somewhat 13 bits would yield a respectable 78 dB dynamic range certainly adequate for casual home listening And a 32 kHz sample rate with careful equipment design will give you flat response to 15 kHz the practical limit for analog FM broadcasting in North America Unfortunately that still left us with telephone data channels about 93 too small to do the job Besides 13 bits is an awkward bit depth resolution for computers to deal with and the audio it produces wasn t clean enough to survive transmitter processors Curiosity Note Bit depth and sample rate translate easily into audio specifications Digital audio must have a sample rate of at least twice the desired bandwidth so 15 kHz audio requires after a safety margin 32 kHz sampling Each bit of sample depth represents slightly more than 6dB of dynamic range The first practical coding methods used a principle called ADPCM Adaptive Delta Pulse Code Modulation This took advantage of the fact that it takes fewer bits to code the difference or delta between successive audio sample
98. r you ESSID Network Name enter this manually if your access point is not set to broadcast its SSID Encryption Method choose the type of encryption used by your Wi Fi access point String refers to an alphanumeric password while Hexnum refers to passwords that are limited to hexadecimal characters digit values of 0 9 and A F Pwd String Hex Number the password required by the encryption method Activate Settings accept the above settings and attempt to authenticate with the Wi Fi hotspot THE SETUP MENU 23 UMTS EVDO has the following settings 4 Country Germany South Africa USA Provider Orange or Use Dial Number Protocol CDMA or GPRS Dial Number Allows entry of a numeric string PIN Number Allows entry of a personal ID number Account Name Alphanumeric text Account Password Alphanumeric text Provider URL Allows entry of a valid URL Activate Settings Accept the above settings and attempt to authenticate with the wireless internet provider Router Mode can be set either Off or Between LAN and StreamIfc short for streaming interface When Router Mode is Off the Ethernet ports are kept completely separate When it is enabled the Z IP ONE creates a bridge between the LAN and whichever interface is selected for streaming You can use this to allow another device to access the network used by the streaming interface through the Z IP ONE s LAN port For example co
99. ranslating routers commonly called either NAT routers or simply routers The Z IP ONE conjunction with the ZIP server on the public Internet has technology for automatically creating connections without requiring port forwarding on most styles of NAT routers For more information on these topics see Chapter 9 Audio Streams and Appendix A When an IT Department is not Available The network interfaces are Ethernet twisted pair 100BaseT connectors Use a CATSe or CAT6 network cable The standard pin out for an RJ45 style 8 Pin 8 Position miniature modular jack when used for 10 100BaseT Ethernet is PIN FUNCTION Transmit Transmit Receive Unused Unused Receive Unused onN AO UU Bb U N Unused INSTALLATION 13 3 8 USB Ports Attach any of the supported USB devices to these ports Use of an unapproved device may cause unpredictable and unacceptable results Therefore we recommend against such experimentation The pin out of the standard USB connector used in the Z IP ONE is PIN FUNCTION 1 5 Volts 2 Data 3 Data 4 Ground 3 9 Parallel Control The DB2S connector on the back panel provides contact closures close to ground inputs and outputs There are 8 open collector outputs and 8 open collector inputs each configurable from the Settings menu on the user interface The DB 25 connector is pinned out as follows PIN FUNCTION 1 3 5 ae epee 18 1 5 Volts DC 400 mA max a Cue G4
100. restrictive NATs Port forwarding can help in these cases If at least one of the sides uses port forwarding then a direct connection can be established much faster You can use port forwarding with the Z IP ONE in two steps 1 Onyour Z IP ONE in the Setup gt ZIP Server configuration page enter a value for the listen port The default value is zero which tells the Z IP ONE to select a port on its own You can choose any value from 1024 to 65 535 but please make a note of it Also make a note of the IP address you assigned to the Z IP ONE this is one of those cases when you should not use DHCP 2 Onyour NAT s configuration page specify the port that you selected in step 1 above should be forwarded to the Z IP ONE s IP address If you have more than one Z IP ONE behind a NAT and you use port forwarding you need to make sure that each Z IP ONE uses a different port Some NATs may get very confused otherwise AUDIO CODING REFERENCE 65 Appendix B Audio Coding Reference History Audio takes up a lot of data Just a regular phone call uses 64 000 bits per second Without data reduction CD quality audio 16 bits ad 44 1 kHz sample rate requires a transmission capability of about 706 thousand bits per second kbps for each audio channel But the wires originally used for remote broadcasting on the public switched telephone system were designed for voice grade communications 8 bits at 8kHz sample rate or 64 thousand bits pe
101. s but by default these capabilities are hidden To reveal these function select Programmer mode from the View menu Most of the time you will not have to give subnet masks much thought But there may be times when you are given an invalid subnet mask and this information may help you to detect it saving you some aggravation Gateways We talked about networks having multiple subnets Hosts on a subnet are able to communicate directly with each other but what happens when a host needs to communicate to another that is on a different subnet Simple It uses the subnet mask to compare the network part of its address versus the network part of the other device s address If they are different it sends the packet to the gateway address instead The gateway is the router device that will take care of sending the packet on its way to the destination when the packet cannot be delivered on the local subnet In a way it is similar to dropping off a piece of mail at the local post office They will take care of getting it to the destination for you 58 AppendixA Gateway addresses of ten end with 1 or 254 This is not a requirement they could end with any number between 1 and 254 It is only a convenience because it leaves a continuous range of numbers that can be used by local hosts What about ending with 255 you ask It is true that the largest possible value is 255 or 11111111 in binary But addresses that end in all ones have a spec
102. s its Affiliates or authorized dealers or their respective Affiliates be liable for incidental or consequential damages or for loss damage or expense directly or indirectly arising from the use of any Product or the inability to use any Product either separately or in combination with other equipment or materials or from any other cause In order to invoke this Warranty the Product must be registered via Telos website found at http telosalliance com legal warranty at time of receipt by end user and notice of a warranty claim must be received by Telos within the above stated warranty period and warranty coverage must be authorized by Telos Contact may be made via email support telosalliance com or via telephone 1 216 241 7225 If Telos authorizes the performance of warranty service the defective Product must be delivered to Telos 1241 Superior Avenue Cleveland Ohio 44114 or other company repair center as may be specified by Telos at the time of claim 80 Section 16 Shipping Costs and Warranty Service If the date the customer s notice of warranty claim is received by Telos such date the Warranty Claim Notice Date is within the first 90 days following the Receipt Date Telos will pay the costs of shipping such warranted Product to and from the end user s location and the cost of repair or replacement of such warranted Product If the Warranty Claim Notice Date occurs after the first 90 days following t
103. s compared to using the individual values Further efficiency was gained by adaptively varying the difference comparator according to the nature of the program material G 722 and aptX are examples of ADPCM schemes They achieve around a factor of 4 1 reduction in bitrate G 722 achieves additional efficiency by allocating its bits to match the patterns in the human voice and it s considered adequate for news and talk programming over ISDN But for high fidelity transmission algorithms with more power are required These are based on psychoacoustics where the coding process is adapted to the way we hear sounds There are several algorithms available with varying complexity and performance levels Some years ago the standards group ISO IEC established the IOS MPEG Moving Pictures Expert Group to develop a universal standard for encoding moving pictures and sound for digital storage and transmission media The standard was finalized in November 1992 with three related algorithms called Layers defined to take advantage of psychoacoustic effects when coding audio Layer 1 and 2 were intended for compression factors of about 4 1 and 6 or 8 1 respectively These algorithms became popular in satellite and hard disk systems Layer 3 achieved compression of up to 12 5 1 8 of the original size which made it ideal for ISDN 66 Appendix B Basic Principles of Perceptual Coding With perceptual coding only information that can be perceived by
104. s well To do so you will dial the IP address and listen port of the remote Zephyr IP in the standard address port notation Since this is a serverless connection you will not have the benefits of the directory server or NAT traversal assistance 9 2 N ACIP Session Initiation Protocol The European Broadcasting Union recognizing that broadcasters increasingly rely on IP networks to transport audio defined a standard for connecting between codecs from various manufacturers This standard is N ACIP for Network Audio Contribution over IP Put simply N ACIP defines a connection method an audio transport method and a list of codecs that are mandatory recommended and optional The features of this protocol are 4 Directory service optional 4 Cross product compatibility Bidirectional audio transfer Agile Connection Technology on applicable codecs Of these things the part that needs configuration in the Z IP ONE is the connection method For this N ACIP uses Session Initiation Protocol or SIP SIP is a signaling protocol widely used for Voice Over IP VoIP applications Using SIP the Z IP ONE is able to accept and make calls to a variety of devices including some VoIP phones SIP can be used in two modes direct connection or with a SIP server Direct mode is what you would expect one device connects directly to another A SIP server entry is used when you have established VoIP service and all VoIP calls are directed by
105. ss 00 90 FB 3C 7C 8C 9295 55 05 A6 52 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 DHCP enabled yes yes yes yes Status UP amp RUNNING No cable connected Not present Not present Audio Meters The status page shows a summary of the Z IP ONE s connection statistics in more detail than the front panel display Here you can find detailed operating statistics and a summary of all four network interfaces settings Unlike all the other pages the status webpage does not require a login to view 34 Section 8 8 2 Connect The Connect screen is a Java application It has four tabs with controls to make and monitor calls as well as manage the Z IP ONE s phone book The Auto tab of the Java application is to use and manage your Z IP ONE s phone book The list of devices saved is on the right The colors denote online status as reported by the ZIP Server Green online Red offline or not found Blue unknown This is the color used by connections that do not use the ZIP Server SIP RTP etc The remaining buttons on the Auto tab are used in the same way as their front panel equivalents When you start a connection from this tab you will be taken to the Status tab automatically See Chapters 9 and 10 for more information on making connections and using the ZIP Server The Connect tab works similarly to the CONN key on the front panel Here you can manually enter information to dial other codecs Use the Direct Dial line to s
106. ss to your Z IP ONE but now you cannot open the web configuration page at that address Or perhaps sometimes it works but other times it does not The method to diagnose a duplicate IP address conflicting with your Z IP ONE is to learn the hardware address also call the physical or MAC address of your Z IP ONE and to use the arp a command from a PC to watch the hardware address associated with your Z IP ONE s IP address Your Z IP ONE s hardware address is available on the interface status page for each available streaming interface If you ever find a different hardware address associated with your Z IP ONE s IP address it is time to call your IT department Or if an IT department is not available since you re reading this section anyway just assign a different IP address to your Z IP ONE 62 Appendix A Network Address Translation What is it Network Address Translation NAT is a technique that allows multiple IP devices on a private network to share a single public IP address A NAT device has two network ports one for the private side the LAN and one for the public side the Internet As the name suggests the NAT router translates the internal IP addresses to the public IP address 75 24 91 63 Search Engine 192168 1 115 Internal private network Public network In the example drawing above the laptop sends a request to a search engine The packet is labeled with the IP address of the
107. streams push audio in one direction from the dialing unit to the dialed unit Because of this it can be used in point to multipoint operation To use this function just issue multiple RTP connections one after another The only limit to the number of connections is your outgoing bandwidth Using the DISC button on the front panel will stop all outgoing RTP streams at once Although RTP streams are push only you can transfer audio in each direction To do this the operator of each codec must send an RTP stream to the other If this is done your Z 1P ONE will have all the connection features including Agile Connection Technology and remote quality information as if the transfer was started via TSCP or SIP However since the call is not handled by a connection manager each end must still stop its own stream individually In some scenarios this process can be automated The Z IP ONE has what we call reciprocal RTP If you send an RTP stream to one of the Z IP ONE s reciprocal RTP ports it will respond to the caller with its own stream This sets up a bidirectional connection just like using TSCP or SIP but there is no NAT traversal The called party must have a port or ports forwarded in order for reciprocal RTP to work In addition to the listen only RTP port there are three reciprocal RTP ports These are the next three port numbers above the listen port and are disabled by default e g if the RTP listen port is 9150 the
108. t generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy If it is not installed and used as directed by this manual it may cause interference to radio communication This equipment complies with the limits for a Class A computing device as specified by FCC Rules Part 15 Subpart J which are designed to provide reasonable protec tion against such interference when this type of equipment is operated in a commercial environment Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference If it does the user will be required to eliminate the interference at the user s expense NOTE Objectionable interference to TV or radio reception can occur if other devices are connected to this device without the use of shielded interconnect cables FCC rules require the use of shielded cables CANADA WARNING This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications Le pr sent appareil num rique n met pas de bruits radio lectriques d passant les limites applicables aux appar eils num riques de Class A prescrites dans le R glement sur le brouillage radio lectrique dict par le minist re des Communications du Canada Vv Table of Contents Introduction 1 Quick Start Guide 3 2 1 Unpackand Identify so acea nen ee ee 3 2 2 The ZIP ONE User Interface 2 ee ee 4 2 3 Setup W
109. that provider Another case when a SIP server may be used in when your facility has a VoIP PBX so the calls may be routed through the PBX A SIP server acts a bit like the ZIP Server passing information to its clients so that they may make connections to each other SIP server details are entered on the front panel under Setup gt Network gt SIP Server on the Network web page If you use a SIP server enter the hostname or IP address of the SIP server as the Registrar Hostname and then your login details under Registrar User Name and Registrar Password The format of the registrar user name is unfortunately dependent on the SIP provider Your login details will be covered in your SIP server documentation but there are three common schemes 4 An extension number This is common with a PBX especially those used with VoIP desk phones A raw user name This is less likely with a PBX but it is still possible that a user name is associated with an extension number and used as the login to the server In this case the registrar user name field would be something like JohnSmith username servername This is most common with Internet SIP servers but it is possible that you could see it in a PBX as well This format is used when a single SIP server may have multiple identities It uses the servername portion so that each of its identities can have usernames that would otherwise conflict You can think of it as
110. the group portion of a TSCP identity If you have a SIP server defined all SIP calls will be made using it The formats to call other users will also be defined by the server SIP to SIP calls are made like sending an email user server tld However a PBX may allow you to put in extension numbers or dial out to the public switched telephone network by entering a phone number in the SIP connection field Again consult your SIP server PBX or IT department for information on using your SIP server AUDIO STREAMS 41 9 3 Real time Transport Protocol Regardless of whether you use TSCP or SIP to initiate your connection the audio is sent using the Real time Transport Protocol RTP Rather than using a connection protocol you may send RTP streams manually The features of RTP connections are 4 Cross product compatibility 4 Point to multipoint operation 4 Unidirectional audio transfer Agile Connection Technology on applicable codecs There are no servers to configure for RTP To send an RTP stream to another codec you enter its IP address and port number in the format ww xx yy zz port or if a hostname is available hostname tld port The remote codec must be listening on that port for a connection and that port must be open to the public network On the Z IP ONE the RTP listen defaults to UDP port 9150 This can be configured on the second page of the Setup gt Network menu on the front panel or on the Network web page RTP
111. the human auditory system is retained Lossless which for audio translates to noiseless coding with perfect reconstruction would be an optimum system since no information would be lost or altered It may seem that lossless redundancy reducing methods such as PKZIP Stuffit Stacker and others used in computer hard disk compressions would be applicable to audio Unfortunately no constant compression rate is possible due to signal dependent variations in redundancy there are highly redundant signals like constant sine tones where the only information necessary is the frequency phase amplitude and duration of the tone while other signals such as those which approach broadband noise may be completely unpredictable and contain no redundancy at all Furthermore looking for redundancy can take time while a popular song might have three choruses with identical audio data that would need to be coded only once you d have to store and analyze the entire song in order to find them Any system intended for a real time use must have a consistent output rate and be able to accommodate the worst case so effective audio compression is impossible with redundancy reduction alone Fortunately psychoacoustics permits a clever solution Effects called masking have been discovered in the human auditory system These masking effects which merely prove that our brain is also doing something similar to bit rate reduction have been found to occur
112. then click Call 10 3 Call History In the front panel s History menu all of your Z IP ONE s incoming and outgoing calls are kept in a list arranged by time with the most recent calls first Each entry in the list is preceded by an arrow An arrow to the right gt pointing to the entry means the call was from this Z IP ONE to the device indicated An arrow to the left lt pointing to from the entry means the call was from the other device to this Z IP ONE A device name prefixed with sip or rtp means that one of those two methods was used to connect A lack of prefix indicates a TSCP call Outgoing calls can always be added to the phone book Simply select the desired entry from the history list and then choose Save Selected You will be taken to the now familiar phonebook entry page as with the previous two methods You can instead choose to call the selected entry right out of the history list without adding it to the phone book first Incoming calls may also be added to the phonebook from the history list For best results the incoming call should be from a Zephyr TP using its device group name from the ZIP Server s directory service Incoming calls from SIP and RTP clients can also be added to the phone book but special care must be taken to verify that the IP and port combination can be used to connect to the codec that called For these connections it is worthwhile to attempt a call before saving to the phone book MOBIL
113. tion ISO and the International Electrotechnical Commission Three decades ago when the CD had just been introduced the first proposals for audio coding were greeted with suspicion and disbelief There was widespread agreement that it would simply not be possible to satisfy golden ears while deleting 80 or more of the digital audio data But the audio coding pioneers were persistent and the MPEG audio group was formed Since 1988 they have been working on the standardization of high quality audio coding Today almost all agree not only that audio bit rate reduction is effective and useful but that the MPEG process has been successful at picking the best technology and encouraging compatibility across a wide variety of equipment The MPEG process is open and competitive A committee of industry representatives and researchers meet to determine goals for the target bit rate quality levels application areas testing procedures etc Interested organiza tions that have something to contribute are invited to submit their best work A careful double blind listening test series is then conducted to determine which of the entrant s technologies delivers the highest performance The subjective listening evaluations are done at various volunteer organizations around the world that have access to both experienced and inexperienced test subjects Broadcasters are the most common participants with many of the important test series conducted at the BBC in Englan
114. to allow others to test Z IP ONE connections too QUICK START GUIDE 7 2 5 Congratulations You ve configured your Z IP ONE and made your first IP codec call There are dozens of configuration options within the Z IP ONE allowing it to work ideally in different broadcast and remote audio roles Consult the manual our online video tutorials or Telos Support to get the most out of your Z IP ONEs Info for IT experts You may choose to configure either the WAN or LAN port for streaming connections We recommend using the WAN port saving the LAN also Livewire port for Livewire AolP network connections Z 1P ONE connection success is virtually guaranteed by assigning it an unused static IP address on your network assigning a fixed ZIP Server Listen Port in the ZIP Server menu and configuring a port forward from the Internet side of your firewall router to the static IP address of your Z IP ONE using that same Listen Port number We suggest you choose a listen port in the 20000 21000 range to avoid port conflicts Left unassigned as in this Quick Start the Z IP ONE negotiates a listening port with the ZIP Server The ZIP Server is always located at zip telos systems com which is the factory default setting Incoming calls to the Z IP ONE will connect instantly if a fixed listen port is chosen and a port forward made Otherwise each inbound call negotiation will take five to ten seconds Placing the Z IP ONE on a DMZ or un NA
115. to come in from the outside The Z IP ONE together with the ZIP Server s NAT traversal service can automatically get through most types of NATs When both sides are behind very restrictive NATs especially those referred to as symmetrical it may not always be possible to get through the NAT in a manner that allows the two end devices to communicate directly However so long as each Z IP ONE can communicate with the server the ZIP Server can exchange the audio data for them Direct communication between Zephyr IPs is always preferred over using the media relay service We offer the option as a panic solution should other methods fail to provide a connection Units using a direct communica tion path have a lower end to end audio delay less packet loss and less jitter between packet arrivals If you find yourself behind a very restrictive NAT but you have control over it or can ask a network administra tor then it is best to configure port forwarding on the NAT this is also covered in Appendix A This will allow your Z IP ONE to communicate directly with any other Zephyr IP device without having to rely on the media relay service Since two Zephyr IPs can always communicate if even one of them is behind a port forwarding NAT it is good practice for a Z IP ONE at a studio or other fixed location to have its ports forwarded 40 Section 9 Direct Connection Instead of using the ZIP Server you can make direct TSCP calls a
116. tputs In addition the Z IP ONE supports Livewire GPIO While only one of these may be used for inputs at any given time the outputs are always available on both interfaces PARALLEL PORT PIN LIVE WIRE PORT LIVEWIRE BIT FUNCTION 5 Volts DC 400mA maximum 2 GPI1 1 Output 1 3 GPI1 2 Output 2 4 GPI 1 3 Output 3 5 GPI 1 4 Output 4 6 GPI 2 1 Output 5 7 GPI 2 2 Output 6 8 GPI 2 3 Output 7 9 GPI 2 4 Output 8 10 No Connection 11 No Connection 12 No Connection 13 No Connection 14 GPO 1 1 Input 1 15 GPO 1 2 Input 2 16 GPO 1 3 Input 3 17 GPO 1 4 Input 4 18 GPO 2 1 Input 5 19 GPO 2 2 Input 6 20 GPO 2 3 Input 7 21 GPO 2 4 Input 8 22 No Connection 23 No Connection 24 No Connection 25 Ground 50 Section 12 Status Outputs The eight general purpose outputs can each be set to one of nine operating modes 1 2 Off the output signal is never asserted On the output signal is always asserted you can use this to verify that the Z IP ONE is powered on and working End to end for calls made using codecs that support end to end contact closures the output signal will reflect the state of the corresponding input signal at the far end of the call Connected the contact closure will remain off until a call is connected at which time it will assert This function effectively mimics the connect light on the first status page of the front panel interface Receive Locked the contact closure will remain
117. ts a dynamic switching process changes to a filter bank with lower frequency resolution and better time resolution In order to correctly decide when to make this change a look ahead process is required adding delay Bit reservoir the length of this buffer determines how much delay this process contributes The overall delay is a combination of all these components divided by the sampling rate The delay scales linearly and inversely with the sampling frequency How AAC LD Gets its Low Delay AAC LD is based on the core AAC framework so much is similar but each of the contributors to the delay had to be addressed and modified The frame length is reduced to 512 or 480 samples with the same number of spectral components at the filter bank output No dynamic block switching is used because the required look ahead delay is too long The temporal problem that causes pre echoes is handled by the Temporal Noise Shaping modules The window shape of the spectral filter is enhanced to be adaptive Normally the shape is a simple sine curve but AAC LD can use a shape that has a lower overlap between the bands This significantly improves performance with transients without adding any delay 74 Appendix B MPEG 4 High Efficiency AAC HE AAC previously known as aacPlus HE AAC is an extension of AAC with the addition of Spectral Band Replication a technique developed by Coding Technologies of synthesizing high fr
118. udes a screen shot of the current front panel display Lastly it has a link to a set of downloadable logs from the Z IP ONE s internal processes Telos support team may request these logs from you to assist in troubleshooting AUDIO STREAMS 37 Audio Streams The main job of the Z IP ONE is to make high quality audio connections with other units in remote locations usually over the Internet Moving audio through the Internet is not always simple but the Z IP ONE includes tools to help make it easier To that end your Z IP ONE supports three different types of connections 9 1 Telos Session Control Protocol TSCP The primary method that the Z IP ONE uses to connect to other Zephyr IP codecs is called Telos Session Control Protocol or TSCP The primary features of this protocol are Server authentication optional Directory service Presence service NAT traversal Media relay Bidirectional audio transfer Agile Connection Technology on applicable codecs TSCP is a connection protocol It sets up the connection between two Zephyr TPs but does not transport the audio For that RTP Real time Transport Protocol is used TSCP is the method used by two Zephyr TPs to discover where they should each send their RTP streams The ZIP Server TSCP connections can be made with or without the assistance of a directory server They are point to point connections that transfer audio in both directions Like all the Z IP ONE
119. upport ACT can change bit rate and buffering in response to network conditions The codecs we refer to as QoS codecs should only be used on network links with guaranteed quality of service since their bit rates and buffer depth cannot be changed after the connection is established The encoders which support ACT are AAC AAC LD AAC ELD and AAC HE The aptX Enhanced codec is available as an optional software license To use aptX each Z IP ONE must have a license to use the codec If you would like to evaluate the codec before purchasing it a demonstration mode is available Z IP ONEs without an aptX license will can use the aptX codec for five minutes At the end of five minutes the call will be automat ically disconnected You may preview the codec again after a reboot The aptX Enhanced codec is available as an optional software license To use aptX each Z IP ONE must have a license to use the codec If you would like to evaluate the codec before purchasing it a demonstration mode is available Z IP ONEs without an aptX license will can use the aptX codec for five minutes At the end of five minutes the call will be automatically disconnected You may preview the codec again after a reboot Bitrate Maximum and Bitrate Minimum these parameters allow you to set limits on the range of bitrates available to the Z IP ONE s Agile Connection Technology ACT intelligence when adjusting for various network defects The wider the range the gre
120. us Page menu item these are referred to as LAN Info WAN Info WiFi WLAN Info and EVDO UMTS Info respectively The first field has the name of the interface that the page refers to It also shows whether that port is using DHCP to get its settings automatically or if they are set statically Lastly the first field is highlighted for the primary streaming interface At the top right the interface status is displayed This can be one of the following UP RUNNING the interface is fully configured the link is active and there are no configuration problems that can be determined automatically No Cable the link is down No DHCP yet the interface is configured to use DHCP and the link is up but there has not yet been a response from a DHCP server No Gateway The gateway field is empty The Z IP ONE will only connect to other codecs on the same subnet 4 GW unreachable The gateway field is filled but the address entered is not on the same subnet as the Z IP ONE 4 Multiple GWs The gateway field is filled but is the same as the gateway field on another network interface This is a misconfiguration any interface that has a gateway assigned must have a unique address entered Invalid IP The IP address is filled but is not valid Not Present For WiFi and EVDO UMTS this means that the USB adapter that enables this interface is either not installed or not working Configuring For WiFi an
121. which maintains a list of which ports are used by which Zephyr IPs This is most useful when setting up port forwarding through a restrictive NAT If the Z IP ONE reports a symmetrical NAT contact your IT administrator for advice on what setting to use here and to set up a port forward Create a Group Select this option to go to the Group Creation screen Here you will enter the desired name for your group the group password that users will enter to join and search the group and the administration password for the group For studio units we recommend setting up port forwarding in the gateway router This is not mandatory but it will help ensure best performance To do this you must specify a Listen Port above Check with your IT administrator for more information 28 Section 6 6 7 Parallel Port The Setup gt Parallel Port submenu shows the settings and current state of the input and output General Purpose I O GPIO pins These pins may be either on the physical parallel port on the back of the Z IP ONE or virtual pins on Livewire GPIO Output status bits are always reflected both on the physical and virtual ports but you must configure which of these two sources is used for the input bits Input Bit 1 8 Sets the Z IP ONE s response to toggling an input pin Output Bit 1 8 Sets what status information is reflected on each of the output pins Bit 0 3 GPO the Z IP ONE s eight GPIO signals can be on the parallel
122. y and we get 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 Step 2 Convert the IP address to binary as well Decimal 192 168 gt ll 65 J J J y IP Address 11000000 10101000 00000001 01000001 Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 OUCOOWOO Network Host Step 3 For each 1 in the subnet mask keep the corresponding IP address bit as is and for each 0 convert the corresponding bit to 0 We end up with 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000000 or 192 168 1 0 This is the network ID part of the IP address Step 4 Now we invert the mask For each 0 in the subnet mask keep the corresponding IP address bit as is and for each 1 set the corresponding bit to zero We get 00000000 00000000 00000000 01000001 or 65 As you might know computers love ones and zeroes and built in binary operations make it a breeze to perform the network host splitting In a language like C or C the splitting would look like this Network id ip_address amp mask host_id ip_address amp mask WHEN AN IT DEPARTMENT IS NOT AVAILABLE 57 IP Address Classes Find you say That was mildly entertaining But why muck about with subnet masks and binary operations Why can t they just always use the first three bytes for the network ID and the last byte for the host ID That is a fair question The answer is that not every subnet is the same Some corporate subnets are very large and have lots of hosts while some small subnets may have only a handful The number

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