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User manual Power Harmonics Analyzer

1. With this setting the Instrument can save 24 771 records values for 24 771 IPs Increasing number of channels and or enabling Statistical Analysis would decrease number of saved IPs Rngax 2032 1024 12 12 6 gt 24 771 Record Length 12 12 6 84 bytes Thus over a week 604 800 seconds instrument can save a record every 30 seconds an interval of 30 seconds 604 800 seconds 24771 24 4 seconds Set IP 30 seconds Thus monitoring the above 12 parameters with an IP of 30 seconds will produce 20 160 records per week in memory This will leave the following memory free FREE Memory Memory Capacity Memory Used 2032 1024 20 160 84 bytes 387 328 bytes This FREE Memory is enough for recording 2361 Voltage Anomalies Adding a further channel to the recording e g frequency would leave the following memory free FREE Memory Memory Capacity Memory Used 2032 1024 20 160 84 12 145 408 bytes Sufficient for 886 Voltage Anomalies Example 2 The same set up as above but Statistical Analysis is enabled Phase 1 voltage harmonics as many as possible are to be logged The Instrument can calculate a Statistical Analysis for all recorded parameters except current and voltage harmonics thus 12 channels are required for recording statistics A maximum of 64 channels can be selected for data logging The settings for Example 1 above require 12 channels leaving 48
2. Note If power breaks occur period pn for power calculations is modified to Lis SUR ic ic Where ic input cycle time pb power break time inside the IP NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 54 Ref 001 SECTION THEORY OF OPERATION 4 VOLTAGE ANOMALY RECORDING Voltage anomalies occur when a voltage exceeds preset boundaries The rms voltages of each half input cycle are used for comparison For every Voltage Anomaly detected the Instrument stores e Date amp time when the anomaly started e The nominal voltage e Minimum or maximum voltage during the anomaly e The previous 64 rms values calculated on half input cycles half periods before the anomaly occurred Voltage Anomaly recording is enabled on selected voltage inputs and can be calculated based either on a fixed tolerance window or on a variable tolerance window In Fixed Tolerance Mode the nominal voltage is set by user and the high and low limits are set as a percentage of nominal voltage fig 43 In Variable Tolerance Mode the nominal voltage is calculated and is the average voltage during the previous anomaly integration period settable between 1 and 900 seconds The new nominal reference voltage can be up to 30 of programmed nominal voltage High and low limits are set as a percentage of the nominal voltage and can be between 196 and 3096 of the nominal voltage fig 43 half input cycle period 10 ms 50Hz max value
3. i Phase voltage current angle i are calculated by FFT VI angle for the component gt bn Phase voltage THD thd We 100 hly Be 2 hn a Phase current THD Me 7 100 hi ny Phase voltage individual Hn m 100 harmonics U Phase current individual Hn SS i 100 harmonics 1 Total values Total active power P P P P Total reactive power Q 0 0 0 Total apparent power S Ee Total power factor S fundamental VA var var VA 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 In a 3 systems with a normal 3 wire connection following values not available for displaying and recording e Neutral conductor current e Phase voltage current angle e Phase power factor NIEAF SMITT Page 17 Utrecht Ref 002 SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL SECTION III POWER HARMONICS ANALYZER 1 GENERAL OPERATION MANUAL This section describes how to operate and programme the instrument The instrument front panel consists of a graphic LCD display nine keys and an eight position rotary switch Measured data and current instrument status are shown on the display ESC ENTER SELECT ARROW HOLD LIGHT LIGHT UP LIGHT DOWN HOLD fig 6 Keypad To exit any procedure To confirm new settings start recording procedure Enable selected signals Move c
4. Qtc Qti Qti Uu fig 10 Signal Sub menu RECORDER harmonics 47 enabled on L 153 thd thdU thdl harmonics o2 OH o4 Bl 06 MH 10 33 12 dW We 137 18 192021 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 FE BEL ooo 08 09 14 12 18 14e IS 19 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 fig 11 Harmonics Sub menu Use LEFT RIGHT UP and DOWN keys to select the required signal Enable or disable the signal for recording with the SELECT key Signals sub menu Select per phase and or total 3 values Selecting a voltage signal U will also automatically enable logging of Voltage Anomalies for that phase 1f Voltage Anomaly recording mode is selected as FIXED or VARIABLE Harmonics sub menu The selected harmonics are valid for all the selected phases Li Ls as shown at the top of the screen It is not possible to set different combinations for individual phases Selecting one or more harmonics will automatically select THD measurement Press ENTER to confirm the new settings or ESC to cancel NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 24 Ref 002 SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL 3 5 METER sub menu This menu allows setting of various input parameters These parameters are used for calculating the true rms values of all measured and calculated quantities for scaling input signals and for synchronisation
5. power socket fig 4 External power socket 2 3 BOTTOM VIEW A DISCONNECT ALL TEST LEADS AND SWITCH OFF THE INSTRUMENT 6 y REMOVING THIS ACCUMULATOR 1 HAZARDOUS VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY 4x1 2V NiCd LR14 RECHARGEABLE VOR OFFNEN DES AKKUMULATORS ALLE ZULEITUNGEN VOM GERAT ENTFERNEN UND DAS GERAT AUSSCHALTEN GEFAHRLICHE SPANNUNG 7 STROMVERSORGUNG 4x1 2V NiCd NiMH IEC LR14 AUFLADBAR 20224 266 fig 5 Bottom view NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 9 Ref 002 SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION Bottom View Layout 1 2 NAUAR Nylon strap allows the instrument to be slung round the neck Plastic cover fixes nylon strap to the instrument There is a screw under this cover that needs to be unscrewed when opening the instrument for service or calibration purposes The Instrument contains no user serviceable parts Service or calibration must only be carried out only by an authorized dealer Screw unscrew to remove carrying strip or to open the instrument Label with measurement ranges Battery fuse compartment cover Retaining screw unscrew to replace batteries or blown fuse Rubber foot 2 4 STANDARD ACCESSORIES Current probes Current clamp on CTs model S 1000A 1V 3 off Current transformers Optional Voltage cables Current cables Probe tips 3 off Alligator clips 4 off Voltage measurement cables 6 off Mains cable RS 232 cable Soft car
6. Phase 3 Selected signals m fig 28 Data Logging Signal Selection screen NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 37 Ref 002 SECTION V PC SOFTWARE Programme start time Programme stop time Select either Manual or Automatic recording START STOP Time and date EN Hour Min 8 MANUAL fig 29 Time amp Date Set up screen Frequency Hz To toggle between 50Hz and 60Hz double click on the Frequency field U nominal V Nominal Voltage Increment Decrement the value using PgUp PgDown keys Main Integration period Increment Decrement the Integration Period using PgUp PgDown keys Anomalies settings Select between Fixed and Variable Nominal Voltage Set Lower and Upper limit with reference to the Nominal Voltage Anomalies settings x C Fixed Variable with average time F Low limit is 5 under nominal voltage High limit is 5 over nominal voltage fig 30 Voltage Anomaly Set up screen NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 38 Ref 002 SECTION V PC SOFTWARE Recording Select the type of Data Analysis required Recording EN v statistics V periodics V anomalies F Cancel fig 31 Recording Set up screen Memory type Toggle between Circular and Linear memory mode by double clicking on the field U factor Voltage Transformer Ratio Increment Decrement the value using PgUp PgDown keys I range A Scale Factor for the Current Transformers In
7. 59 16 06 1999 05 22 00 16 06 1999 05 22 01 16 06 1999 05 22 02 16 06 1999 05 22 03 16 06 1999 05 22 04 16 06 1999 05 22 05 16 06 1999 05 22 06 16 06 1999 05 22 07 fig 34 Tabular Data Analysis screen Data can also be graphed with advanced navigating and search facilities N Periodics Execute 232 767 23158 230 404 229214 228 034 226847 j 225664 lay n N 22447 v1 223 294 222 104 220 924 219 744 218 554 217 374 216 184 215 004 213 814 212 634 211 444 210 264 209 07 u1 vg 218 67 no cted not selected U2 v Avg 215 75 not selected not selected not selected not selected ew Less on TL Let EI not selected fig 35 Graphic Data Analysis screen NI FAN Utrecht SMITT Page 42 Ref 002 SECTION V PC SOFTWARE Voltage Anomalies Recordings of Voltage Anomalies or Voltage Breaks can be displayed in both numerical and graphic format NAnomalies and voltage breaks s gt Execute Event Start time End time Duration Anomalies info ERN 02 07 1999 01 52 09 06 2 Anomalia Ph 1 02 07 1999 01 52 09 16 17 79 Direct down Referent U 220 00 Anom min 148 94 Data avg 228 00 2474 2424 2364 231 2264 2204 2401 0 2154 2104 205 1994 242 0 198 0 194 1 fig 36 Voltage Anomalies and Breaks screen A full
8. Default synchronisation input Use fixed input Ly Ls for synchronisation or select AUTO mode automatic scanning for a valid sync input Press ENTER to confirm new settings or press ESC to cancel 4 RECORDER Data Logging Use this function to display the present data logging recording status and set the main Data Logging parameters Recording can be started or stopped from this screen To START or STOP Data Logging Press SELECT key The password entry screen is opened Enter the password After confirming the password press ENTER to start or stop Data Logging depending on current status If START is selected the instrument checks the currently set recording parameters before starting to log data rec stat buf mode READY circ start AUTO 18 05 1999 14 25 00 Stop MANUAL 20 05 1999 10 38 10 statist OFF anomal 3 periods 14 int pr 60s max 2384 remain 17s 0 fig 13 Recorder Data Logging Menu NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 26 Ref 002 SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL rec stat buf stat start stop statist anomal Present recorder status WAIT Recorder in AUTO mode is waiting for start date amp time RUN Recorder is running STOP Recorder in AUTO mode has been stopped manually Recording aborted COMPLETE Recording completed Present recorder memory status EMPTY No data in memory READY Data present awaiting down
9. E UI 11 3 2 1 COMMMUMICAU OD EE 11 3 22 RE 11 33 ENER E EE 11 DOWEESUDDIVSS cats unu EE 11 3325 KE OTTEN 11 NON VOLATILE MEMORY 11 3 5 HARMONICS MEASUREMENT tbe oa axi eva pat e ess 12 3 6 DIGITAL HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS essen eene 12 3 7 GENERAL SPEUIFICATIONS vd uiae tumidus iim 12 3S IAIN DE NAN CE de ce ipie e etam uL 13 IIIS NIS NER IUE p m DE P ER 13 9 0 2 S n X EP T3 Ce ali OL ALLO EE 13 SiS E RN 14 SECTION IE INTERNAI OPBRATION 15 I INTRODUCTION 212 au Qa d LAT MuR 15 2 MEASUREMENT METHODLDS 15 NIEAF Utrecht POWER HARMONICS ANALYSER SECTION POWER HARMONICS ANALYZER OPERATION MANUAL 17 IcGENERAL EE 17 m 19 19 31 E WORD eenegen 20 S2 SYSTEM EE 20 3 3 RECORDER Data Logging sub menu essere 21 3 4 SIGNALS and HARMONICS sub menus eene 23 SS METER Sublime uai nd i hu 24 4 RECORDER Data Logging qas iuit i tentato estu SEH 25 5 oon opp tact an e ond nn iet HN HU tat omi am d M 27 6 SPECTRUM Harmoni
10. Logging sub menu Use this sub menu to set Data Logging parameters and log START STOP conditions Note that actual starting or stopping can only be effected from the main RECORD menu RECORDER configurations start 18 05 1999 14 25 stop MANUAL stat ON per ON anom window FIXED main integ per 1 min power sub i p 1 ppr nominal voltage 220 0 V upper limit 10 242 0 V lower limit 10 198 0 V buffer mode circular 20 05 1999 12 44 00 fig 9 Use UP or DOWN key to select the appropriate parameter START and STOP There are two ways of starting and stopping recording In Manual mode recording starts immediately if Periodic Recording is STAT and PER NIEAF OFF If Periodic Recording is ON there is a null seconds delay STOP in manual mode is immediate In Auto mode START and STOP occur at user preset dates and times Recording can be stopped manually at any time Use SELECT key to toggle between MANUAL and AUTO mode In AUTO start stop use LEFT or RIGHT keys to select between Date and Time and the UP amp DOWN keys to set a new date or time Only valid date time values will be accepted STAT Statistical Analysis PER Periodic Analysis Use the SELECT key to enable ON or disable OFF the selected function Page 22 SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL ANOM WINDOW Recording of Voltage Anomalies Use the SELECT key to toggle between Disable OFF FIXED W
11. METER Configuration Uinp k 1 Irange 1V 1000A connection 4 w sync freq 50 Hz sync inpt auto fig 12 Meter Configuration Sub menu Use the UP and DOWN keys to select the required parameter Uinp x Scaling factor for voltage inputs This allows for external voltage transformers or dividers that may be used and ensures that readings are related to the primary e g for 11kV 110V the multiplication factor must be set to 100 Use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to set from 1 to 130 Standard value is 1 Lange 1V Scale factor for current inputs Defines the current equivalent to a 1V input signal Use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to set Trange 1V to 24 Standard value is 1000A NOTE Settings for Uinp x and Irange affect all displayed values powers energies harmonic components etc NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 25 Ref 002 SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL Connection Defines the method of connecting the Instrument to the 3 systems 4w 3 4 wire system with a Neutral conductor All voltage and current inputs are used 3w 39 3 wire system without Neutral conductor 3 CTs used AARON 369 3 wire system without Neutral conductor also known as the 2 wattmeter method 2 CTs used Sync freq Default mains frequency for input cycle period scanning It is ignored if the instrument detects a valid synchronisation frequency on the selected sync input Sync inp
12. ai reen wl hi limit Se je eeeees Seen een e eee ee eeese tenen low limit duration N end fig 43 Us max value reference reference change hi limit low limit rms values of duration last 64 half D fig 44 NICAF Utrecht SMITT Page 55 Ref 001 SECTION THEORY OF OPERATION 5 POWER BREAKS RECORDING If data logging is in progress the start of every OFF state of the instrument is treated as a Power Break This OFF state occurs either if the instrument is switched OFF using the rotary switch or if it lose its power supply For each Power Break the instrument logs the date amp time of both the beginning and end of the power break and the cause of the power break manual or loss of supply Note The battery must be in the instrument otherwise its power supply drops to fast and it can not record Power Breaks 6 MEMORY USAGE The non volatile memory in the Instrument can be used in one of two ways e Linear mode In linear mode recording the Instrument stores data in memory until full and then stops recording Thus the oldest data is always preserved irrespective of the amount of recordable data e Roll over mode When recording in roll over mode the Instrument will over write old data when memory is filled Thus the latest data is always preserved irrespective of the amount of data recorded with the older data being possibly lost Data logging capacity i
13. sub Ip Selected signals Progr start time Progr end time Frequency Hz U nominal V Main int period s Anomalies Recording Memory type U factor range A Instrument baud rate Sync input MI 2082 99080133 This is default header 4 wires 1 42 MANUAL MANUAL 50 230 0 1 VAR avg time 18 LL 2 HL 2 statistics periodics anomalies circular 1 1000 57600 auto fig 25 Instrument settings screen To change default values double click on the specific field and select between the available options User note Connection NIEAF SMITT This field is available for entry of any text Name Survey Reference etc Text in this field is used just as note of separate data file and is not used for creating final outprints Select the System Connection Aaron is a 3 wire measurement with 2 CTs Connection Ea 4 wires 3 wires Aaron Cancel fig 26 Connection screen Utrecht Page 36 Ref 002 SECTION V PC SOFTWARE Power sub ip sub interval Increment Decrement the value using PgUp PgDown keys Instruction A Use PgUp PgDn to change the values fig 27 Instruction screen Selected signals From the list of available signals select those signals which you require to be logged recorded and analysed To select a signal click the left mouse button on the selected parameter NList of signals Bisi x Z Phase 1 Z Phase 2
14. 1 2 V3 1 Total 3o signed active apparent and reactive powers XP S Q Total 39 Power Factor with indication of direction capacitive or inductive System frequency Current in neutral conductor rms value NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 29 Ref 002 SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL U 2 n 8 p 3 Ss 00 50 P 0 6 x9 6 0 7 m Uu 407 6 07 6 TOTALS 3 Pt 400 44 kW Fr 50 02 Hz St 554 22 kVA line 7 3 A Qt 383 15 kVAr Pft 0 72i 20 05 1999 18 44 00 16 Meter Display Screen Note In 39 systems with a 3wire connection the Instrument does not display values for the 34 phase The central TOTALS line may then display two additional messages seq When three phase system is not connected in the correct phase sequence L L2 When active power in phase 15 negative Note Frequency will be displayed in inverse if the instrument is unable to find a valid sync input The default sync frequency as defined elsewhere is used 8 SCOPE Oscilloscope Function This function provides signal waveform displays together with summary details of the signal The displayed signals are auto scaled to suit the display and may vary dependant on the total harmonic distortion The top line provides information about the selected input Ui 1 U2 U3 its value and the synchronisation frequency 234 5V 854 HOLD
15. 12 4 4 00 fig 17 Scope Display without display of additional information NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 30 Ref 002 SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL Use the SELECT key to toggle between the signal display options Ly L2 Ls 3U 31 L Display of additional information is controlled by toggling the ENTER key To scale voltage waveforms Use LEFT or RIGHT keys To scale current waveforms Use UP or DOWN keys 234 5V 854 HOLD Fr 49 99 Hz Um 321 5 V Ua 130 2 V Uthd 2 7 Ucf 1 37 Pf 0 66c Im 124 8 A la 588 2 A Ithd 3 5 Icf 1 45 12 4 4 00 fig 18 Scope Display with display of additional information 9 Frequency and overload information METER SCOPE and SPECTRUM screens The synchronisation frequency is measured on the input selected in the meter configuration menu Ls or I If no valid frequency can be detected after software filtering the Instrument will if in AUTO mode scan the other channels for signal that could be used for synchronisation If no stable frequency signal can be found the Instrument will use the default 50 60Hz frequency selected in the METER configuration menu and display this frequency value in inverse If an input overload is detected voltage input 550V ac or current input 22 V ac or if there is a peak over range 770V for voltage inputs and 2 5V for current this will be indicated on the instrument display by a black a
16. 53 St 51 52 53 St P1 P2 P3 Pt P1 P2 P3 Pt Pflc 2 Pf3c Pftc Pfli Pf2i Pf3i Pfti Pf2c Pf3c Pftc Pf2i Pfti Q1c Q2c Q3c Qtc Q1i Q2i Q3i Qti Q1c Q2c Q3c Qtc Qii Q2i Q3i Gti Selected 2 9 fig 33 Data Logging Set up and Status screen k Recorded signals available for analysis are coloured blue To select a signal for analysis click on the blue coloured field which changes to red when selected Once parameters have been selected click on Execute on the Menu Bar and select the type of analysis required Periodic Analysis Voltage Anomalies Statistical Analysis In the following examples and U have been selected for analysis the Integration Period is set to 1 minute NI AFS Utrecht SMITT Page 41 Ref 002 SECTION V PC SOFTWARE Periodic Analysis Recorded data can be analysed in numerical form ES Periodics x Execute Ut v Ut v U2 v U2 V 02 V oom Li ll 16 06 1999 05 21 38 16 06 1999 05 21 39 16 06 1999 05 21 40 16 06 1999 05 21 41 16 06 1999 05 21 42 16 06 1999 16 06 1999 1 45 15 06 1999 05 21 46 16 06 1999 05 21 47 16 06 1999 05 21 48 16 06 1999 05 21 49 16 06 1999 05 21 50 16 06 1999 05 21 51 16 06 1999 05 21 52 16 06 1999 05 21 53 16 06 1999 05 21 54 16 06 1999 05 21 55 16 06 1999 05 21 56 16 06 1999 05 21 57 16 06 1999 05 21 58 16 06 1999 05 21
17. ITT Page 50 Ref 001 SECTION THEORY OF OPERATION Minimum amp Maximum PER PHASE Values LL LOADIDEE LI inductive capacitive inductive capacitive formula ee e ar EE Available Maximum amp Minimum per phase Values for each Input Cycle Note Ixthd UxHn are calculated every gth input cycle NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 51 Ref 001 SECTION THEORY OF OPERATION Minimum amp Maximum TOTAL 3 Values EE DEE _ inductive capacitive inductive capacitive P 0 formula Available Maximum amp Minimum 3oValues for each Input Cycle Note mP P mP 0 mQ 0 mQ Q mQ 0 mQ 0 1 m Pf m Pf na m Pf na also a result of those values LOAD TYPE positive capacitive user capacitive load 0 LOAD positive inductive user inductive load P S and Q are average values in power sub integration period which is from 1 to 20 input cycles PF is m m P 0 m Q Q m Q 0 m Q 0 m Q 0 m Pf Pf m Pf 1 m m 90 m P 0 m P P m Q 0 m Q 0 m Q Q m Q 0 m m Pf na m m Pf 1 NIEAF SMITT LOAD TYPE negative inductive user inductive generator LOAD TYPE negative capacitive user capacitive generator 180 Import Export and Inductive Capacitive Phase Polarity Diag
18. T ENTER The password is automatically cleared 5 minutes after the last key operation 3 2 SYSTEM sub menu This sub menu allows setting of the password the serial port baud rate and the instrument date amp time The fourth choice is to totally reinitialise the Instrument CHANGE PASSW SER PORT RATE DATE TIME SYSTEM REINIT Use UP or DOWN keys to select the required menu item then press the ENTER key CHANGE PASSW Enter a new four key combination and repeat it for confirmation The LCD key is not a valid password key SER PORT RATE Set the baud rate for serial communication port by using SELECT key from 2400 to 57 600 baud DATE TIME Use the LEFT or RIGHT key to select between Date and Time and the UP amp DOWN keys to set a new date or time Only valid date time values will be accepted Press ENTER to confirm the settings or ESC to cancel any changes SYSTEM REINIT Clears all settings and sets defaults values as below e Recorder START STOP MANUAL e Statistic ON e Periodic ON e Anomalies ON fixed e Main IP min e Power sub IP 1 e Nominal voltage 230 V e Up Down limits 10 96 e Buffer mode Circular NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 21 Ref 002 SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL e Selected channels none e Selected harmonic none e Voltage multiplier K 1 e Current range 1000A Connection 4w e Sync frequency 50 Hz e Sync input AUTO e Serial port rate 57600 3 3 RECORDER Data
19. User manual Power Harmonics Analyzer SPECTRUM poto 2 8 327 00 Ok 0 0 i 4 5 3 05 d Nieaf Smitt bv Vrieslantlaan 6 3526 AA Utrecht Holland P O box 7023 3502 KA Utrecht Supplier Telephone 30 288 13 11 Fax 30 289 88 16 Power Harmonics Analyzer Specificat f th t pecifications of the equipmen PHA 3300 Date 25 01 2011 Number 561 144 075 Ref 002 Specifications of the user manual POWER HARMONICS ANALYSER Table of contents SMITT Page 1 Ref 002 POWER HARMONICS ANALYSER 3 SAFETY CONSIDERA TION S 4 APPLICABLE Standards 4 SECTION T GENERAL INFORMA E TA E 5 1 INTRODUCTION RTE 5 2 DESCRIPTION EE 6 SN E POON TRAINEE EE 6 2 2 CONNECTOR PANEL on side Of Meter 7 2 3 BOTTOM VIEW eee oett ai ue RI V ee ees 8 2 4 STANDARD ACCESSORIES EE 9 25 OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES iei aii Sectio ride ease 9 SOSPECIEIGATIONS Uu ote Maca 10 MI INPUTS EE 10 AV OTA s Su gas qaa opu Eed 10 Sup 2ACCURRBNTS m teen dte m t M eM ei E 10 3 13 REFERENGE CONDITIONS Ly a L Gate ad RR SB E oe 11 3 2 OUTPUT
20. avoid risk of electric shock when working on electric installations A Only use approved accessories which are available from your distributor APPLICABLE STANDARDS The Power Harmonics Analyser is designed in accordance to the following European standard Safety EN 61010 1 Electromagnetic compatibility noise and immunity e EN 50081 1 e EN 50082 1 Measurements according to European standard e EN 50160 NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page4 Ref 002 SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION 1 INTRODUCTION This manual provides information for the connection operation programming data analysis and maintenance of the Power Harmonics Analyser shown in fig 1 The manual is divided into five sections each covering a particular aspect of the operation of the Power Harmonics Analyser 1 IV V VI NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 5 Ref 002 SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION 2 DESCRIPTION 2 1 FRONT PANEL E 5 5 E 3 N 4 9 5 Z _ E S NF N LO De 2 Front panel Utrecht SMITT Page 6 Ref 002 SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION Front Panel Layout NO FUNCTION switch selects one of seven functional operating menus e OFF Power OFF e CONFIG Instrument configuration menu e RECORD Recording
21. c Analysis nennen enne nasa 28 TA METER EE 28 8 SCOPE Oscilloscope Function enne enne enne enne nn 29 9 Frequency and overload information METER SCOPE and SPECTRUM screens 30 SECTION IV CONNECTION TO POWER SYSTEMS 30 SECTION V EN 34 I INSTRUMENT uu u d ege ua Matas 35 2 DATA LOGGING amp ANALYSIS nn 40 S DURE EN WE LEE 43 SECTION Vi PC THEORY OFOPERATION eebe Eege 45 1 GENERAL n D u a saa umasa OR V MR 45 E BERT E EE RE TEE 45 Ded PERIODIC ANALY SES u ee EE EE 45 4 VOLTAGE ANOMALY RECORDING L 54 5 POWER BREAKS RECORDING siii eU 55 6 MEMORY USAGE eenegen 55 NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 2 Ref 002 POWER HARMONICS ANALYSER POWER HARMONICS ANALYSER The Power Harmonics Analyser is a portable multifunction instrument for measurement and analysis of three phase power systems SPECTRUM k d fig 1 Main features e Comprehensive real time monitoring recording and analysis of 3 power systems e Wide range of functions True rms Voltage T
22. channels free The Instrument can record harmonics up to 415 requiring 40 channels all possible harmonics from the 2 to the 41 will be recorded Thus a total 52 channels need to be set for Periodic Analysis The number of records that the Instrument can store with this setting is given by Rngax 2032 12 1024 12 52 6 gt 6384 Record Length 12 52 6 324 bytes Thus if recording is required over one week 604 800 seconds the shortest recording interval is given by NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 57 Ref 001 SECTION THEORY OF OPERATION Interval 604 800 seconds 6384 94 7seconds Thus setting an IP of 2 minutes will produce 5040 record per week in memory This will leave the following memory free FREE Memory Memory Capacity Memory Used 2032 12 1024 5040 324 435 520 bytes This would allow recording over a further 44 hours with no Voltage Anomalies or for recording 2655 Voltage Anomalies NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 58 Ref 001
23. crement Decrement the value using PgUp PgDown keys Instrument Baud Rate Increment Decrement the value using PgUp PgDown keys 2400 C 19200 4800 C 38400 7 9600 57600 Cancel Ir fig 32 Baud Rate Set up screen NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 39 Ref 002 SECTION V PC SOFTWARE Sync Input Frequency Synchronisation Input Increment Decrement the value using PgUp PgDown keys Send Button Click on the Send button to update the Instrument settings To return to the Main Menu click on the Close button NIEAF SMITT Page 40 Utrecht Ref 002 SECTION V PC SOFTWARE 2 DATA LOGGING amp ANALYSIS Remote Start button Start Recording Remote Stop button Stop Recording Download data from instrument to the PC Download button Analysis button Analyse Data The File settings and Analyses menu is displayed ES File settings and analysis Execute User text Wires Power Ip 1 f Selected signals Progr start time Progr end time Real start time Real end time Frequency U nominal V Main int period Anom rec condit Recording Periodics Anomalies Power breaks Memory type U range U factor 4 10 36 MANUAL MANUAL 15 06 1999 23 32 00 16 06 1999 07 52 50 50 220 0 1 Fixed anomalies LL 10 HL 10 sta ano per 9072 circular passed 600 1 U2 thdU3 J3 dP dPf2 dPf3 Freq U12 U23 U13 null 51 52
24. d on the number of input cycles in the period Average values for power voltage and harmonic components ignore input cycles where the voltage is lower then 0 02 x Up Further if a Power Break or a Power Up occurs during an IP or the IP starts during a Power Break the Instrument will start a new cycle see also Power Break recording below The following figures and table offer a detailed descriptions of the values used for recording The meaning of abbreviations is described below NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 47 Ref 002 SECTION THEORY OF OPERATION SYMBOL DEFINITIONS General symbols rms voltages 1 rms currents active power apparent power ES reactive power rms neutral conductor current PF power factor voltage current phase angle H individual harmonics 96 h individual harmonic V or A IP integration period NIEAF SMITT Page 48 Additional symbols phase total i inductive with P Q or PF symbol capacitive with P Q or PF symbol positive with P Q or PF symbol negative with P Q PF symbol harmonic number with H or h symbol average with any general symbol m max or min with any general symbol na not available N of input cycles in integration period IP hpn N of input cycles for harmonics in IP pn 8 ppn N of input cycles for powers N of input cycles for voltages personal computer crest factor
25. e 27 Ref 002 SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL 5 ENERGY This function displays the various energy registers 000000000 0 kWh EQC 000000000 0 kVArh 000000000 0 kVArh SUBTOTAL Si 000000000 0 kWh EQC 000000000 0 kVArh 000000000 0 kVArh EP 00000 0 kWh EQc 00000 0 kVArh 00000 0 kVArh EB 00000 0 kWh EQc 00000 0 kVArh EQi 00000 0 kVArh fig 14 Energy Registers m Top three lines Total cumulative registers of Active energy Ep inkWh Reactive capacitive energy EQC inkvar Reactive inductive energy EQi in kvar m SUBTOTAL lines Subtotal cumulative registers of Active energy Ep inkWh Reactive capacitive energy kvar Reactive inductive energy EQi inkvar To reset the Total and or Subtotal registers Press SELECT key The password entry screen is opened Enter the password After confirming the password press ENTER to reset the Subtotals or ESC to quit After resetting subtotals press ENTER to reset the Totals or ESC to quit AU HA ra m LAST IP lines Display energy in last integration period if data logging is active Active positive energy inkWh Reactive positive capacitive energy EQc in kvar Reactive positive inductive energy EQi in kvar Active negative energy inkWh Reactive negative capacitive energy inkvar Reactive negative inductive energy EQi inkvar NOTE At least one signal from Signal Sub menu fig 0 and Pe
26. e secondary side of a voltage transformer say 11 kV 110 V a scaling factor taking account of that voltage transformer ratio must be entered in order to ensure correct measurement see Section III 3 2 5 METER Configuration NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 32 Ref 002 SECTION IV CONNECTION TO POWER SYSTEMS 1 39 4 wire system with Neutral conductor 3 phase neutral fig 20 39 4 wire system 2 3 wire system with 3 CTs no Neutral conductor fig 21 39 3 wire system with 3 CTs 3 3 wire system with 2 CTs 2 Wattmeter connection fig 22 3 3 wire system with 2 CTs 2 Wattmeter connection Utrecht SMITT Page 33 Ref 002 SECTION IV CONNECTION TO POWER SYSTEMS WARNING Connecting to Current Transformers A The secondary of a current transformer must NOT be open circuited A when on a live circuit An open circuit secondary can result in a dangerously high voltage across the terminals power plant measuring instruments high voltage XA 5 LI EL j L2 13 fig 23 Connecting to existing CTs on a high voltage system NI EAN Utrecht SMITT Page 34 Ref 002 SECTION V PC SOFTWARE SECTION V PC software The Power Harmonic Analyser is supplied complete with a powerful suite of Windows software that can be used for Configuring the Instrument Setting measurement parameters Download of recorded data Off line analysis of recorded data e On line ca
27. indow or VARIABLE Window recording In FIXED window mode the window and the Upper amp Lower Limits is set around the nominal voltage and remains fixed during recording session In VARIABLE window mode the window and the Upper amp Lower Limits is set around an average voltage dynamically calculated Use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to adjust the averaging period for calculating new values of average voltage 1 to 900 sec Voltage Anomaly recording is only available for those voltages selected for recording see 3 2 4 SIGNALS even if Periodic Analysis is disabled If no voltage is selected there will be no logging of Voltage Anomalies MAIN INTEGR PER POWER SUB I P Integration time period for Periodic Analysis Use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to set the integration period between 1 second and 30 minutes Averaging sub period for power measurement Power sub IP Used in Periodic Analysis to average readings see section VI PERIODIC ANALYSIS and the accompanying figure Settable between 1 and 20 mains cycles Use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to set the required value NOMINAL VOLTAGE The nominal voltage used as a reference in Voltage Anomaly recording In FIXED window mode this is the actual voltage used In VARIABLE window mode this is the start value of voltage later modified to the average value of voltage during the previous Integration Period while recording Use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to set the required nominal vol
28. k Execute Link i MEIN x Point Voltage 0 Current 0 Voltage 1 318 4 Current 1 22 0 Voltage 2 85 2 Current 2 ee ere mes Urms V Irms 232 520 213 205 233 492 213 005 233 148 212 615 I null 194 895 thatu 96 that 96 S P kW 403 888 49 574 38 702 403 888 49 735 7 329 403 888 49 571 45 973 0 333 0 057 30 981 49 192 18 538 0 328 0 781 c 0 147 c 0 927 c 0 17 c 49 99 fig 38 Direct Link oscilloscope screen To read Energies from the instrument click on the Eng button A small window showing the current values of the energies is displayed NIEAF SMITT Page 44 Utrecht Ref 002 SECTION V PC SOFTWARE To look at Harmonics both Voltage amp Current click on the Mag button The harmonic analysis screen is displayed with six histograms three voltage and three current showing harmonics up to the 634 To zoom in any histogram click on Execute and Show Table Click on separate histogram to enlarge it To alter the scaling of any of the graphs click on the vertical axis Near the top to increase the range Near the bottom to expand the scale To also show the harmonics in tabular form select Show Table from the Execute menu Moving the mouse pointer along any of the graphs will activate a curser which identifies a single harmonic with the tabular display scrolling in s
29. l regulations concerning the disposal of batteries These must be followed A In case of blown battery fuse F1 this should be replaced with the same type as defined on the label close to it 3 8 2 Cleaning To clean the surface of instrument use a soft cloth slightly moistened with soapy water or alcohol Then leave the instrument to dry totally before use e Do not use liquids based on petrol or hydrocarbons e Do not spill cleaning liquid over the instrument 3 8 3 Periodic calibration To ensure correct measurement it is essential that the instrument be regularly calibrated If used continuously on a daily basis a six monthly calibration period is recommended otherwise annual calibration is sufficient NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 14 Ref 002 SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION 3 8 4 Service For repairs under warranty or at any other time please contact your distributor Manufacturer s address Nieaf Smitt B V Vrieslantlaan 6 3526 AA Utrecht The Netherlands Tel 31 0 30 2881311 Fax 31 0 30 2898816 E mail sales nieaf smitt nl The Instrument contains no user serviceable parts Service or calibration must only be carried out only by an authorized dealer Utrecht NIEAF Ref 002 SMITT Page 15 SECTION II INTERNAL OPERATION SECTION II INTERNAL OPERATION 1 INTRODUCTION This section contains technical information on the internal operation of the Power Harmonics Analyser inc
30. listing of all Voltage Anomalies is provided together with the set up information and an analysis of each record can be quickly viewed in both graphic and tabular form Statistical Analysis A Statistical Analysis of recorded data can be displayed in both numerical and graphic format Statistics PRISE Execute 52 00 56 00 81 08 0 00 16 00 34 09 0 00 4 00 34 09 52 00 56 00 81 9896 0 00 16 00 56 00 60 00 18 92 160 00 176 00 1 16 40 00 44 00 1 64 56 00 60 00 18 02 96 00 112 176 00 192 00 0 48 44 00 48 00 0 12 112 00 12 192 00 208 00 0 10 48 00 52 00 0 05 208 00 224 00 0 04 52 00 56 00 0 04 224 00 240 00 0 07 56 00 60 00 0 02 240 00 256 00 0 03 60 00 64 00 0 02 272 00 288 00 0 02 80 00 84 00 0 02 nn nn fig 37 Statistical Analysis screen NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 43 Ref 002 SECTION V PC SOFTWARE 3 DIRECT LINK The Direct Link facility allows direct on line operation with real time values from the voltage and current inputs displayed on the screen Complex calculation can be carried out and selected input signals waveforms can be saved can be exported to an ASCII file or to the Clipboard for use with third party analysis tools To open the connection to the instrument click on go button N Direct lin
31. load SAVED Data present previously downloaded Buffer operating status mode lin Memory in Linear mode circ Memory in Roll over mode cir laps Memory in Roll over mode current Lap number If the instrument is in Rec Wait mode and the memory is empty the programmed START date amp time is displayed If instrument is in Rec Run mode the actual recording start date amp time as opposed to programmed is displayed If the instrument is in Rec Wait or Rec Run mode the programmed STOP date amp time is displayed If the instrument is in Rec Stop or Rec Complete mode the actual recording stop date amp time as opposed to programmed is displayed Under certain circumstances the instrument also displays the reason for stopping the recording MANUAL BREAK Manual stop in AUTO stop mode END OF MEM Memory full in linear memory mode Statistical Analysis enabled ON or disabled OFF The number of detected and saved Voltage Anomalies If currently in a Voltage Anomaly a blinking arrow points to the number For Periodic Analysis there are four further information lines periods int pr max remain power NIEAF SMITT Number of recorded periods from start of data logging Current integration period IP in seconds Aprox max number of periods that can be saved in Linear Buffer mode only Remaining time in the current integration period N of power ON OFF events during the current recording period Utrecht Pag
32. luding descriptions of measuring methods and recording principles 2 MEASUREMENT METHODS Measurement methods are based on the digital sampling of the input signals Each input 3 voltages and 3 currents is sampled 128 times in each input cycle Duration of this input cycle depends on the frequency at the synchronization input one of the 3 voltage inputs or a current input At 50 Hz the input cycle period is 20ms Basic measured values are calculated at the end of each sampling period and the results are available on the display or are recorded FFT based results are only calculated on every git input cycle every 160ms 50Hz The following equations are used for computing the given quantities Basic calculations Parameter Equation for calculation Unit Formula N 1 128 Ph It U 4 7o Due V 1 ase voltage 128 4 1 I 1 ec Phase current x 128 4 A 2 1 12 Phase active power 1284 w 3 128 Phase to phase voltage U 128 V 4 128 y Neutral conductor current n Ds 128 4 2 h L A 5 NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 16 Ref 002 SECTION II INTERNAL OPERATION Additional calculation using basic values Phase apparent power S U 1 JS P Phase reactive power e Phase power factor BS S x Phase voltage crest factor 100 max Quem x Phase current crest factor xy x I 100 1 Additional calculation using FFT transformation
33. menu e ENERGY Energy measurement e SPECTRUM Harmonic analysis menu e METER Basic power current amp voltage measurements e SCOPE Waveforms display amp control FT LCD Graphic display with LED backlight 160x116 pixels ESC key 4 ENTER key SELECT key To exit any procedure To confirm new settings start recording procedure Enable selected signals ARROW keys Move cursor and select parameters HOLD key BELT slot LCD backlight ON OFF Backlight automatically turns OFF after 30 sec if no key action occurs LIGHT Increase display contrast LIGHT 4 Decrease display contrast Display screen is temporary frozen SCOPE METER and SPECTRUM functions only For attachment of a carry strap 2 2 CONNECTOR PANEL on side of Meter 1 2 Use safety test leads only e Max permissable voltage between voltage input terminals and ground is 300V Max permissable voltage between voltage input terminals is 600Vims NIEAF SMITT Utrecht Page 7 Ref 002 SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION fig 3 Connector panel NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 8 Ref 002 SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION Connector Panel Layout Ts Current Clamp on CTs Transformers 1 I3 input terminals 2 21221 Voltage L2 L3 input terminals Dun RS 232 connection for connection of the Power Harmonics Analyser to a PC
34. n linear mode depends on the number of channels selected for recording the type of data recorded the IP and the number of voltages anomalies detected It is automatically calculated by the PC software when selecting channels for logging and is given by the following equation Maximum number of records in Periodic Analysis Rrgax is given by 2032 N sia 1024 164 Rn max R len Where Rien Record length 12 X 6 Y 12 Nstat N of channels selected for Statistical Analysis All being selected for Periodic Analysis but excluding harmonics Nano N of voltage anomalies which occurred while recording X N of channels selected excluding power channels Px Qx Ptot Qtot Stot Y Power channels len Note Estimating Voltage Anomalies Nano can be estimated with experience It depends on the quality of voltage supply and on the user defined limits for detection of anomalies Selection of excessively narrow limits or a wrong nominal voltage reference can produce large numbers of recorded events and reducing memory capacity NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 56 Ref 001 SECTION THEORY OF OPERATION Example 1 The Instrument will be set to log for 7 days The requirement is to monitor both voltage and current changes and harmonic distortion with as much detail as possible For optimum memory usage just 12 channels should be set for periodic analysis U1 U2 U3 Ij I2 thdu1 thdu2 thdus
35. ounters Recording mode Further information on the functions available in RECORDING Mode is available under THEORY OF OPERATION The instrument can also be used for real time measurement available on the left side of the rotary switch These function are independent of recording status SPECTRUM Harmonic Analysis Real time METER Basic measurements on three phase systems measurements SCOPE Oscilloscope displays of measured waveforms OFF All settings are saved Warning given if recording is in progress NI EAN Utrecht SMITT Page 19 Ref 002 SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL 2 OFF Selecting OFF turns the instrument OFF after 2 seconds current settings and set parameters are saved during this period in non volatile memory If switching OFF occurs while the instrument is set for recording this is treated as a POWER BREAK and the date amp time of Power OFF is saved This will also occur if the instrument loses its power supply while recording see section II 3 5 Power Break Recording If the instrument is set for recording this will be indicated on the display irrespective of the position of the rotary Selector Switch e Rec On Recording in progress Rec Wt Waiting to start recording SEND Instrument is sending data to a PC HOLD Display contents temporarily frozen In SCOPE METER and SPECTRUM functions only 3 CONFIG Use this menu to set all parameters for Recording and Real time measu
36. pb power break time inside IP Utrecht Ref 002 SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION i input u I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I IP WEE IP IP IP I I I I 1 i I I I 1 I I I EN I power power NU in break break QD M pn ppn ppn ppn upn upn upn hpn hpn p p i p2 hpn I I pn pn i upn hpn ppn p1 p2 Input Cycles used for calculation under various Power Break situations fig 40 NIEAF SMITT Utrecht Page 49 Ref 001 SECTION THEORY OF OPERATION When measuring Power and Power Factor values can be calculated for each individual cycle or averaged over a period the Power sub IP which can be set at any value between 1 and 20 cycles a 400 ms window at 50Hz If the Instrument is recording a power it automatically calculates and records the energy of the selected power in an IP Values used for the calculation of maximum and minimum Powers and Power Factors are the average values calculated on power sub IP values see fig 35 below Recording of voltage or current THD is automatically enabled if one or more individual voltage or current harmonics are selected P Pi P P Ps Po P 5 Pmax Pb Gg ee 4 55 Pave EE d n ENG 5 Pmin Pa t a e a gt Examples of calculation of Maximum amp Minimum values for various Power sub IP periods fig 41 NIEAF Utrecht SM
37. pture and analysis of current voltage and power signals The software also provides the necessary tools to allow measured data etc to be included in various reports The Minimum requirement for running the software is the ability of the PC to run Windows 3 1 N Power Harmonic analyser v0 1 Data Config Help Open file Download Settings Analysis FILE INFO INSTRUMENT INFO Name 99 06 15 MDT Instr Status From 15 06 1999 23 32 00 S N Remained To 15 06 1988 07 52 50 Mem Start Rec sta per FW ver Stop Sign 35 Last cal Integr per fig 24 Basic opening screen The Basic opening screen is the starting point for all actions It provides general information about the Instrument and by clicking on toolbar buttons or selecting pull down menus access to all functions The buttons provide access to e Download of data e Setting Instrument configuration parameters Analysis of downloaded or previously saved data e Direct Link Operating on line with the Instrument e Data Logging START STOP To set the instrument configuration parameters double click on Settings the programme will download current settings from the instrument and display them on the screen NI FAN Utrecht SMITT Page 35 Ref 002 SECTION V PC SOFTWARE 1 INSTRUMENT SET UP Le EL x Ninstrument settings Execute Manufacturer Type of instrument Serial number User note Connection Power
38. ram fig 42 Page 52 270 m 0 mP P m Q 0 mQ 0 m Q 0 m Q Q m m m Pf 1 m Utrecht Ref 001 SECTION THEORY OF OPERATION Per Phase Values averaged at the end of an IP Watts VA VA PF PF Volts amp Amps Harmonics gt pn BE aQ aP pc Jae aP aPf Voz ar Zil j l aU x H U EE s 00 HU yr eet al thd na au H aP gt f pn aQ m j l de pn aQ x aP Jag an aP aPf al pn z 24 2 Uh 2 U hpn E uiam hpn a cos al H SMITT Note If power breaks occur periods pn for power calculations and upn for voltage calculations are modified to IP p IP pb Hph wur iei ic ic ic ic Where ic input cycle time pb power break time inside the IP ic number of cycles with Ux lt 0 02 Urange Utrecht Page 53 Ref 001 SECTION THEORY OF OPERATION Total 3o Values averaged at the end of an IP Watts aP E EE ti gU var aQ ag pn pn e aS aP aQ 0 aS aQ 0 PF aPf an aPf A 0 0 aP P aP PF aPf S aPf ES Vez eor C t amp o NS al aFreq pn
39. rement The main screen in the CONFIG menu includes instrument details Model number software version amp serial number and shows date and time on the bottom line From this main screen various configuration sub menus can be accessed allowing instrument parameters measurement conditions and settings to be changed The HOLD function is ignored in this menu Battery status is displayed at bottom of the display see fig 5 The legend EXTR is shown if the Instrument is being powered from the mains rather than from the battery CONFIGURATION SYSTEM MI 2092 RECORDER SIGNALS HARMONI CS SER NO 00000000 METER VER 0 0 power BATT EEHEEHE 20 05 1999 12 4 4 00 8 The main CONFIG menu consists of five items Use the UP and DOWN keys to highlight the appropriate item then press the ENTER key to select it NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 20 Ref 002 SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL 3 1 PASSWORD All programming functions and recorder settings including the starting amp stopping data logging are password protected Unless the password is entered the various settable parameters amp functions can be viewed In all configuration sub menus pressing any edit key UP DOWN LEFT RIGHT SELECT ENTER will activate password input procedure password must be entered before the SYSTEM sub menu is selected Default password PASSWORD 111 EFT SELECT RIGH
40. ring the integration period the instrument calculates maximum minimum and average values of selected quantities At the end of the Period these values are stored in memory together with the Period Start date time and synchronization input NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 46 Ref 002 SECTION THEORY OF OPERATION Stored values differ for the various parameters e For THD measurement Only maximum and average values e For voltage harmonics and voltage current angle Only maximum and minimum values For current harmonics Only maximum values e All other Parameters Minimum maximum and average Active power is divided in two quantities Import positive and Export negative Reactive power and power factor are divided in four quantities positive inductive 1 positive capacitive c negative inductive 1 and negative capacitive c Neutral conductor current 10 is ignored when measuring in 3 wire connection For power voltage and current measurements values are stored for each input cycle Harmonics and THD values are computed on samples of each gt input cycle For calculation of Average Voltage voltages less then 2 of full scale 0 02 x Un are treated as voltage interruptions and are excluded from any calculations The stored maximum and minimum values are based on values calculated during each input cycle while average values except for voltage power amp harmonics are calculated at the end of each IP and are base
41. riodics ON from Configuration Sub menu fig 9 must be selected NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 28 Ref 002 SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL 6 SPECTRUM Harmonic Analysis This function displays the results of Fast Fourier Transformation FFT calculations both as values and in graphic mode Graphs are auto scaled in order to ensure maximum resolution The top line provides information on the selected input Ui I1 Is its absolute value and the synchronisation frequency The bottom line provides details of the selected harmonic component and its absolute and percentage values The equivalent bargraph is identified by a blinking cursor 234 5V 50 02Hz Helm Je hd 3 7 A h3 0 8 1 84V 12 4 4 00 fig 15 Harmonic Analysis Use LEFT and RIGHT keys to select the required bargraph and the SELECT key to choose the required input signal U1 1 U2 I2 Us Is 7 METER This function displays the basic measured quantities AC in the 3 system The display format and legends V kV A kA W kW MW etc are automatically selected appropriate to the measured values The following quantities are displayed Phase rms voltage U1 U2 U3 Phase rms current 1 15 Per phase signed active apparent and reactive powers P S Q Power Factors with indication of direction capacitive or inductive Phase angle between voltage and current rms phase to phase voltage V
42. rrow pointing to the particular input NIEAF Utrecht SMITT 31 Ref 002 SECTION IV CONNECTION TO POWER SYSTEMS SECTION IV CONNECTION TO POWER SYSTEMS A Warning A This Instrument requires connection to dangerous voltages This instrument can be connected to the 3 system in 3 ways e four wire system Li Lo L4N 1 1 e 39 three wires system Ly L31 li b e Aaron 2 wattmeter 39 connection 13 1 actual connection scheme must defined METER Configuration menu fig 19 below METER Configuration Uinp k 1 Irange 1V 1000A sync freq 50 Hz sync inpt auto fig 19 Meter Configuration Menu Use LEFT and RIGHT keys to select the appropriate connections scheme When connecting the instrument it is essential that both current and voltage connections are correct In particular the following rules must be observed e Current Clamp on CTs The arrow marked on the Current Clamp on CTs must point in the direction of current flow from supply to load If a Clamp on CT is connected in reverse the measured power in that phase would normally appear negative Phase Relationships The Clamp on CT connected to current input connector I MUST be measuring the current in the phase to which the voltage probe from L is connected Wiring connections are shown in fig 20 fig 21 and fig 22 below On systems where the voltage is measured on th
43. rue rms Current Power Watt var and VA Power Factor Energy Power Scope Harmonic Analysis e Monitoring of Voltage and power supply interruptions with analysis of recorded data e In recording mode measured values are stored in memory for later analysis e Minimum average amp maximum value calculations for recorded quantities with various pre formatted reports e Oscilloscope mode for displaying waveforms both in real time and for stored waveform analysis e Harmonic distortion analysis up to 6 e Energy monitoring and analysis e Internal rechargeable batteries e RS232 communication port for connection to a PC e Windows software for data analysis and instrument control 3 d harmonic both on line and on recorded data NI EAN Utrecht SMITT Page 3 Ref 002 POWER HARMONICS ANALYSER SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS GENERAL To ensure operator safety while using the Power Harmonics Analyser and to minimise the risk of damage to the instrument please note the following general warnings A The Instrument has been designed to ensure maximum operator safety Use in a fashion other than as specified in this Manual may increase the risk of harm to the operator A Do not use the instrument and or any accessories if there is any damage visible A The Instrument contains no user serviceable parts Service or calibration must only be carried out only by an authorized dealer A All normal safety precautions MUST be taken in order to
44. rying bag Instruction manual Product verification data Warranty declaration Windows PC software PC analysis and control software package 2 5 OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES See attached sheet for a list of optional accessories that are available on request from you distributor NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 10 Ref 002 SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION 3 SPECIFICATIONS The instrument s technical specification below details the performance standard or limit to which the instrument has been designed and tested 3 1 INPUTS 3 1 1 AC VOLTAGES The instrument has a three phase AC voltage input 3 differential inputs L Ni L2 L Voltage measurement is direct with internal voltage dividers There are no internal fuses in the voltage inputs A CAT 600V 300V to GND Input range 10 550 Vrms 0 02 U Un Permissible overload 600 Vrms Resolution 0 1 V Accuracy 0 596 of reading 2 digits Crest factor max 1 4 Frequency range 43 68 Hz fundamental 3 1 2 AC CURRENTS The instrument has three AC current inputs suitable for Clamp on CTs or other current sensors NIEAF SMITT Input range 0 1 Voltrms 0 IL Equivalent to 0 1000 Amp with the standard Clamp on Resolution 0 3mV 0 3Amp with the standard Clamp on CT Accuracy 0 596 of reading 2 digits plus current transformer accuracy Crest factor 2 5 Maximum permissible overload 150 I sinusoidal current Maximum inp
45. solution in Harmonics measurement Range Limits of error Resolution LU THD HD on LCD and PC 2 10096 0 296 x U U 1 0 2 x UVU 171 0 1 Note THD Total Harmonic Distortion HD Harmonic Distortion U Urange I Lange 3 6 DIGITAL HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS A D conversion 14 bit with 128 samples per channel per period 43 68 Hz 3 7 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS Working temperature range 10 C 45 C Storage temperature range 20 70 Max humidity 85 RH 0 40 C Pollution degree 2 Protection classification double insulation Overvoltage category Voltage inputs CAT III 600V 300V to gnd AC power supply CAT III 300V Protection degree IP 44 Dimensions 265x 110x 18 5 mm Weight without accessories 2kg NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 13 Ref 002 SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION 3 8 MAINTENANCE 3 8 1 Batteries A Instrument contains rechargeable NiCd or NiMh batteries Do NOT replace with alkaline cells These batteries should only be replaced with the same type as defined on the battery cover label or in this manual A Hazardous voltages exist inside this Instrument Disconnect all test leads remove the power supply cable and switch off instrument before removing battery compartment cover If it is necessary to replace batteries all four MUST be replaced Ensure batteries are installed with the correct polarity incorrect polarity can damage the batteries and or the instrument There may exist special environmenta
46. tage from 58 0 V to 450 0 V UPPER and LOWER limits BUFFER MODE NIEAF SMITT These are the limits which define the pass window for Voltage Anomaly recording Any voltage value outside the specified limits is detected and stored as an anomaly Use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to set the required limit 190 to 30 of nominal voltage The data storage in the data logging recorder function can be performed in two ways LINEAR or ROLLOVER In Linear mode recording stops when the memory is filled In Rollover mode recording only stops when the auto stop date time is reached or when manually stopped Once memory is filled the oldest data is over written Neither mode will affect any memory allocated for Statistical Analysis Utrecht Page 23 Ref 002 SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL Press ENTER to confirm the new settings or ESC to cancel Starting or Stopping of Data Logging is effected from the RECORD menu 3 4 SIGNALS and HARMONICS sub menus These menus allow selection of signals harmonics and calculated parameters for storage while Data Logging recording A maximum of 64 signals can be selected the number of free locations is shown in the upper right corner of the display IRECORDER signals 451 Gd H S Pfc Qi Pi Pfi Qi P P CHACE dPf s w s o 45 S Hi j P P Qc dF pi s EXB S Pfi Pfi Qi P P Qc Qc dp SIS i s Pt Ptc Pti S
47. ursor and select parameters Display screen is temporary frozen SCOPE METER and SPECTRUM functions only LCD backlight ON OFF Backlight will automatically turn OFF 30 seconds after the last key operation Increases display contrast Decreases display contrast Display Freeze In SCOPE METER and SPECTRUM functions only NOTE Throughout these instructions the up arrow key is called the UP key the right arrow key the RIGHT key the down arrow key the DOWN key and the left arrow key the LEFT key NIEA SMITT Utrecht Page 18 Ref 002 SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL One of seven functional operating menus can be selected with the rotary selector switch OFF Power OFF CONFIG Instrument configuration menu RECORD Data Logging Recording menu ENERGY Energy measurement SPECTRUM Harmonic analysis menu METER Basic power current amp voltage measurements SCOPE Waveforms display amp control SPECTRUM ENERGY METER RECORD SCOPE CONFIG OFF OFF PowerHarmonicsAnalyser 4d fig 7 Instruments rotary selector switch The instrument s main design function is the logging of various parameters on power distribution systems Logging functions are selected on the right side of the rotary switch All setting CONFIG General configuration Submenus cover specific functions RECORD Data logging and monitoring ENERGY Total and subtotal cumulative register energy c
48. ut voltage 1 Vrms Accuracy of standard clamp 1 20 Amp 1000 Amp Use double insulated minimum CAT III 600V Clamp on CTs and or current transformers Utrecht Page 11 Ref 002 SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION 3 1 3 REFERENCE CONDITIONS 3 2 3 2 1 3 2 2 3 3 AC voltage for power measurements 0 02 Un Un AC current 0 1 Power factor four quadrants 1 00cap 0 00 1 00ind Frequency 45 65 Hz Waveform Sinusoidal AC voltage and current Distortion factor lt 2 Auxiliary power supply 230V 10 Ambient temperature 20 3 C Humidity 60 15 OUTPUTS Communication RS232 serial interface for connection to a PC fully opto isolated Selectable 2400 57 600 baud 9 pin D type connector Communication cable supplied Display Graphic Liquid Crystal Display with LED backlight 160x116 dots resolution POWER SUPPLY 3 3 1 AC power supply Operating range 230V AC 10 20 overvoltage category III 45 65 Hz 8 VA 3 3 2 DC power supply Internal 4 x 1 2V NiCd or NiMh rechargeable LR14 batteries provide full operation for up to 5 hours Internal battery charger charging time approx 10 hours 3 4 NON VOLATILE MEMORY 2048 Kbytes SRAM battery backed NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 12 Ref 002 SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION 3 5 HARMONICS MEASUREMENT The instrument computes harmonics on signals sampled with an A D converter Table 1 Limits of error and re
49. ympathy with the curser position To return to the main Direct Link screen select Close from the Execute menu N Magnitudes Execute Link Currents Cani Ph po vaza Pra x nn Cann P2 o 0 03 0 07 0 14 0 31 0 00 0 00 0 08 047 0 07 047 100 00 23243 100 00 21286 100 00 233 42 100 00 212 65 100 00 233 08 100 00 0 08 048 0 22 047 010 0 22 048 040 0 06 045 0 22 040 092 428 942 0 69 1 60 4 33 9 20 0 54 1 26 4 34 0 06 0 13 045 0 31 005 012 019 039 0 08 048 046 225 524 3 21 6 83 2 00 458 3 22 5 84 1 88 440 324 0 02 0 03 0 01 0 03 0 02 0 04 0 02 0 05 0 01 0 02 0 03 141 327 2 02 4 29 135 345 203 432 135 315 203 003 007 002 0 04 0 01 0 03 0 02 0 03 0 02 0 05 0 04 fig 39 Direct Link Harmonic Analysis Screen with tabular display NOTE If the display appears to become frozen there is insufficient time for the display to process all the acquired data The Request Time in the Execute menu should be increased For a Baud rate of 57600 a Request Time at least 1300ms is recommended NIEAF Utrecht SMITT Page 45 Ref 002 SECTION THEORY OF OPERATION SECTION VI Theory of operation 1 GENERAL Data recording is one of the main functions of the instrument However while recording data for later analysis the Instrument can also carry out the following functions e Statistical analysis Statistical analysis of the measured signals e Periodic analysis On line recording and anal
50. ysis of various measured signals over preset periods e Voltage anomalies Detection and recording of voltage anomalies Power breaks Detection and recording of supply interruptions Apart from power break recording which is always enabled all the other functions are independent and can be disabled or enabled by the user The measuring principles are the same in all recording functions and are described in Section II 2 below Averaging and statistical techniques are described later in this section Data is stored in non volatile memory and can be download to a PC for further analysis and printing Downloading can be carried out either on line while recording and or after recording has finished Independent of the recording status the Instrument can send all samples of an input signal to a PC for external analysis and viewing every second 2 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The input range from 0 to full scale for each value is divided in 256 divisions 100 for PF and cos Measured values are scaled accordingly The result is a statistical table a Gaussian function that can be analysed using the PC software see section V below Statistical analysis is carried out only on signals selected in the Signals submenu Statistical analysis cannot be applied to Harmonic measurements 3 PERIODIC ANALYSIS Periodic Analysis is carried out over a programmable integration period IP This can be set from 1 second to 30 minutes by the user Du

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