UVI51 User's Manual (v 5.0)
Contents
1. The environment includes a set of programs and auxiliary files The main program is the UVI51 assistant The assistant guides the user through the software development and verification processes The assembler UVIENS51 generates the executable code The simulator UVISIM51 helps in program verification These programs are specifically designed to work together However the user can configure the system to use other commercial assemblers see appendix A2 for details The next sections show a brief description of the various elements included in UVI51 This manual is not intended as a guide to 8051 microcontrollers Furthermore a basic knowledge of this family of microcontrollers is needed to follow some parts of the manual However UVI51 includes a set of source files that can be used as examples or even as a short course on the 8051 2 UVI51 operation modes UVIS51 can operate in two different modes called single micro and multi micro The single micro mode is the fastest and simplest to use However in this mode only one microcontroller can be simulated and no external peripherals can be defined The multi micro mode is much more powerful than the single micro The user can define a system consisting of up to four microcontrollers plus a set of external peripherals as pushbuttons switches LEDs displays and a logic analyzer The system is specified by a system configuration file with the CNX extension In multi micro mode the follo2. It includes 2 shift bars The horizontal bar is used to scroll through the time axis The vertical bar is used to select the group of nodes currently displayed Bars are shifted using the following buttons gt This button is used to step time forward It is equivalent to the right arrow key el This button is used to step time backward It is equivalent to the left arrow key 19 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 This button is used to go forward to the end of chronogram It is equivalent to the End key This button is used to go back to the beginning of chronogram It is equivalent to the Home key This button is used to scroll nodes up It is equivalent to the PgUp key mE a el This button is used to scroll nodes down It is equivalent to the PgDn key The bars can also be shifted by dragging with the mouse or by clicking on the target position Node labels and numbers are shown in the left side followed by their respective search patterns X don t care 0 low level 1 high level In the case of buses the pattern is shown as an hex number X don t care undefined other hex value Section 7 3 indicates how to define and use search patterns The bottom part of this window shows two time scales one absolute indicating simulation time and the other relative to the logged data zero for the first logged sample A time cursor is also included This cursor is shown as a vertical dashed l
3. 14 tabs us 1000 0 1400 0 1800 0 2200 0 2600 0 3000 0 trel us 0 0 400 0 800 0 1200 0 1600 0 2000 0 Click the pointed button to Zoom in e A header with the text UVI51 LOGIC ANALYZER followed by the name without extension of the displayed file 18 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 A bar of buttons placed in the upper left corner This button is used to exit the analyzer It is equivalent to the Esc key This button is used to create a file in HPGL format corresponding to the chronograms window see below It is equivalent to the p lowercase key This button is used to show a help window It is equivalent to key This button is used to zoom in time scale It is equivalent to key This button is used to zoom out time scale It is equivalent to key BEAR Be This button is used to find a pattern from the current cursor position to the end of the displayed block When clicked while keeping the shift key pressed the search is extended outside the displayed block These actions are equivalent to press the f and F keys respectively See section 7 3 for more details Chronograms window aT 1000 0 14000 0 _ tecur Cus 1000 0 LOAD 1 l CLK A Nd UT UTE im A TTT DATA im IW El Ci LB C2 RD gt C3 Upp DO D1 D2 D3 D4 tabs Cus 1000 0 1400 0 1800 0 2200 0 2600 0 3000 0 trel Cus 0 0 400 0 800 0 1200 0 1600 0 2000 0 This window shows node chronograms
4. The shortest valid jump or call is selected by the assembler in backward references In forward references the assembler selects always the long type i e LIMP or LCALL The assembler converts the source code into uppercase There are only two exceptions e Comments e Characters between single or double quotes 5 4 Assembler restrictions The following limits apply to the present assembler version The maximum number of symbols is 1000 These include the symbols defined in the UVI51 REG file The size of the source file is limited to the amount of free conventional memory available for DOS applications As a rule of thumb the maximum number of lines is about 10000 Lines of source code are truncated to 80 characters Symbols and labels are truncated to 31 characters Parameter lists are truncated to 31 characters in both instructions and directives This should be in mind particularly when using long DB directives UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 6 The Simulator UVISIM51 This section describes the features and use of UVISIMS51 the simulator supplied with UVI51 6 1 Main window and basic topics The main features of UVISIM51 v5 0 are Single and multimicro simulation Graphic user interface Step over trace into and continuous run options Ge F e amp Unlimited breakpoints Both mouse and keyboard can be used to control simulator operation However some options require the use of mouse Th
5. as it is in a real 8051 The state of SBUF tx SBUF rx and the internal receiving shift register is also depicted The SBUF tx acts itself as a shift register for the transmitter portion SBUF rx is loaded with the 8 least significant bits of the shift register at the end of the frame as in a real 8051 When the simulator is in run mode this window is updated periodically and its contents can not be edited 6 6 Use of colors Colors have been assigned in simulator windows using the following guidelines GREY Background for non editable values Inactive buttons LEDs in off state WHITE Background for the selected registers bank for the next instruction in Program window and for labels in external peripherals CYAN Background for byte editable values and for the cursor in the I O Ports window Buttons in the Microcontroller window RED Byte being edited Background for breakpoints Buttons in external peripherals Hexadecimal display segments YELLOW Background for bit editable values MAGENT RAM address pointed by the stack pointer SP BLUE Stack footprints RAM area written by PUSH ACALL or LCALL instructions useful for stack overflow detection Microcontroller selection buttons GREEN Buttons in the System window except microcontroller selection 15 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 6 7 Editing values When in run mode only the state of the I O ports the levels applied to external pins can be edi
6. at least one cycle at high level The RS and RW signals are permitted to change one cycle after the E signal rising edge 26 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 RS cycles t DBUS DBO DB7 ene aD N n b stable A N 8 bit writing time diagram The following figure shows a time diagram used to read the screen via an 8 bit data connection The RS and RW signals must be stable at least one cycle before the E signal rising edge The value to be read is available in the data bus after the F signal rising edge The bus returns to the 3 state VDD through a pull up resistor after the falling edge of the E signal Since the micro must read the bus while data are stable the E signal must remain at least 2 cycles at high level The RS and RW signals are allowed to change one cycle after the E signal rising edge RS cycles t DBUS DBO0 DB7 Le EEA A N is valid A N 8 bit reading time diagram The following figure shows a time diagram used to write the screen via a 4 bit data connection The RS and RW signals must be stable at least one cycle before the E signal rising edge first pulse The most significant nibble of the value to be written must be stable in the data bus DB7 DB4 at least one cycle before the E signal falling edge first pulse and remain for at least one whole cycle The least significant nibble must be stable in the data bus DB7 DB4 at least one cycle before the E signal falling e
7. contents of TCON TMOD and the pairs THO TLO and TH1 TL1 _Tiners mt TCONJCA 11001010 Timers Tmop 20 00100000 tofoo foo T1JFF FF window which depicts the configuration and state of the timers in a graphic and more detailed way For more information see section 6 3 The Interrupts window shows the contents of the IE and IP registers Moreover an indication of priority level of the interrupt being serviced pl is provided The notation used for pl is L for low priority H for high priority and blank when no interrupt is being serviced nfo This button opens a new window which depicts the configuration and state of the interrupt controller in a graphic and detailed way as shown in section 6 4 The Serial Port window shows the contents of the SCON SBUF tx and SBUF rx registers Even though only one address is associated to the symbol SBUF two SBUF registers exist in the serial controller One of them is located in the transmitter section 11 CPU Pcj iDA Psufoi Jooo00001 BJOO CAFBKO P acc 73fo1110011 DPTRJooo0 sPf6o XRAMC DPTR gt 00 ROM A DPTR gt foo ROM A PC gt 30 Interrupts Info IEJO0 00000000 p1 1P 00 fooo00000 Serial Port info sconf54 01010100 SBUF Tx gt 00 SMOD SBUF Rx gt 73 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 and the other in the receiver section The value of the bit SMOD PCON 7 is also shown Garel This button opens a new window where the confi
8. file Data are registered using stamps When any node state changes a stamp is registered Each stamp includes a time indication and the 29 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 state of all the nodes defined in the system In order to avoid unlimited log file growth the number of stamps is restricted to 100 000 The equivalent file size depends on the number of nodes in the system and is about 3 Mbytes Would this limit be reached the logging process is ended and the log file closed The analyzer definition can be followed by a set of lines assigning labels to nodes and defining buses Node labels The user can assign labels to node numbers using the following syntax Nn label where n is the node number and label the name given to the node For example N5 CLK assigns the name CLK to node number 5 This label will be displayed by both the simulator and the analyzer replacing node number 5 Node labels defined prior to an analyzer definition are used by the simulator but not by the logic analyzer Buses The user can define a bus as a sorted set of nodes using the syntax Blabel nn nO n1 n2 where label is the bus identifier The parameter nn indicates the bus depth how many nodes it consists of and nO nl is a sorted list of nn node numbers beginning with the least significant one For example DATA 823456789 defines an 8 bit BUS named DATA whose LSB is node 2 and so on The relative position of the lines defining node labels and
9. in the shift register 24 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 The LCD screen supports the following commands bits are shown in the order they are stored in the shift register and therefore the LSB must be sent first 0 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 Writes the extended ASCII char given by d7 d0 in the current cursor position either in overwrite or insert modes see commands 1100 and 1101 10 0 a4 a3 a2 al al Moves cursor to the position a4 a0 0 home 31 end 1010 Hides cursor 1011 Shows cursor aes een ai 1a 1101 Set mode to OVERWRITE 1110 Deletes the character in the current cursor position and shifts all the characters placed at its right to the left like a common delete 1111 Clears the whole screen and moves the cursor to position 0 home Example If the following bits are sent beginning with the right 0 the cursor hides 1010 The following chronogram shows the suitable timing for the serial link The falling edges of CLK and LOAD are actives The number of clock pulses low level equals the number of bits in the command to be sent l LOAD Standard LCD Screen parallel X lt RS_node gt lt RW_node gt lt E_node gt lt D0_node gt lt D7_node gt lt cell gt 25 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 This screen is functionally equivalent to the de facto standard LCD screen of 2 lines by 16 characters for example Trident MDLS 16265 However some limitations exist which are describe
10. lines P3 0 and P3 1 Thus a serial communication between 2 or more microcontrollers can be simulated Furthermore software UARTs can be mixed with the 8051 embedded serial port when simulating serial communications Simulation realism includes the triple sample mechanism of the serial receiver 17 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 7 UVI51 logic analyzer 7 1 Introduction Since version 4 0 UVI51 includes the possibility of logging the chronograms of every node in the system while simulation is performed The user must define a peripheral of type logic analyzer in the CNX file in order to use this feature see appendix A1 section A1 2 Once a simulation is performed the stored chronograms can be displayed by clicking on the ANALYZE button which invokes the program GRAF51 EXE called UVI5 logic analyzer This option is not available in single micro mode 7 2 Description The logic analyzer viewer is an MSDOS application It can be handled using the mouse or the keyboard though some operations require the use of the mouse The following figure shows the logic analyzer screen whose elements are described below 0 E OE A E 1000 0 14000 0 lt lt lt lt 3SPW lt i lt Ci i teur Cus 1000 0 Data I XX Address ARR LoapD 2 x l CLK 3 x a L DATA 4 xX cy WU mU PROG 3 X co 36 fx ci 37 4x LB gt c2 46 KX RDOC3 47 IK Upp 45 x po 10 fx Di 119K D2 12 D3 13 4K D4
11. nibble 4 bit reading time diagram Listings for writing and reading operations are included below using pseudo code 4 bits mode only WRITING 1 RS 0 1 0 for instruction 1 for memory DDRAM or CGRAM 28 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 2 RW 0 3 E 1 4 Place in the bus the most significant nibble of the value to be written 5 E 0 6 E 1 7 Place in the bus the least significant nibble of the value to be written 8 E 0 9 Set the bus to 3 state free for an eventual later read 10 RS and RW can be modified if required READING 1 RS 0 1 0 for flagt address 1 for memory DDRAM or CGRAM 2 RW 1 3 Be sure that the port lines used to read data are configured as inputs 1s 4 E 1 5 Read the most significant nibble from the bus 6 E 0 7 E 1 8 Read the least significant nibble from the bus 9 E 0 10 RS and RW can be modified if required Logic Analyzer Only one analyzer can be defined in a CNX file The syntax is Afilename lt tinitial gt lt tfinal gt where filename is the name of the file where the user wants the logged data to be stored The parameters finitial and tfinal indicate the simulator times when the data logging will begin and end respectively The initial time is 0 by default The final time is by default the end of simulation The user can not indicate a final time if the initial time is omitted Data logging is carried out by writing to a binary
12. of text indicates the current mode of operation Timer control bits are depicted where they act and also grouped in registers TMOD and TCON Their values can be edited and their effect over the configuration is updated immediately This window is also continuously updated when the simulator is in run mode In this mode however editing values is not permitted 6 4 Interrupts graphic window This window shows a functional diagram of the current configuration and state of the interrupts controller The diagram shows the contents of the IE and IP registers both as a whole and bit by bit Editing these registers is enabled except in run mode The user can determine at a glance what interrupt sources are enabled and which of them are to be serviced first The contents of this window are updated continuously when the simulator is in run mode 6 5 Serial Port graphic window This window shows a functional diagram of the current configuration and state of the serial controller Modes 0 and 2 are not supported in this version The diagram indicates the mode number of bits and if possible the baud rate The current states of transmitting and receiving processes are also shown 14 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 The transmitter portion shows the bit currently being transmitted The receiver portion shows the last received sampled bit and the state of the internal divider 0 to F The RxD line is sampled during the 7 8 and 9 states
13. 00000 00000000 00 00 0000 00 00000000 47 gt 00 10 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 PgUp and PgDn keys can be used to scroll the list e The XRAM window shows the contents of 16 consecutive addresses of the external RAM The arrow buttons are used to scroll the table In order to reach quickly any XRAM address the displayed pointer over blue background can be edited e The Program window shows the contents of program memory Code addresses are shown in the first column while code itself is shown in the second The corresponding source file lines are shown preceded by a line number Progran Code 3098FD 3098FD 3098FD 859925 C298 A228 Line Source 145 inb RI 145 jnb RI 145 jnb RI s 146 mov tipo sbuf 147 clr RI 148 mov c tipo O j acc O0 a 1 pa Source This button is used to open a new window called Source window that shows the source code in more detail including the lines that do not generate code as those containing only comments or some directives The button is equivalent to the F uppercase key ntoj This button opens a new Section 6 2 describes the operations that can be performed in the source window The CPU window shows the contents of some registers associated to the central process unit The contents of some interesting XRAM and ROM addresses are also shown The values of some registers are shown both in hexadecimal and binary codes The Timer Counter window shows the
14. T file is useful to check for errors the assembler can eventually find Moreover the simulator needs this file to correlate source code to object code 5 3 Assembly language syntax The source file must be an ASCII file Since UVIENS51 generates absolute code it does not accept some directives commonly supported by other assemblers A list of valid directives and formats follows DIRECTIVE FUNCTION ORG expression Updates program counter to the value of expression symbol EQU expression Defines a symbol of type number with the value of expression symbol BIT expression Defines a symbol of type bit address with the value of expression symbol DATA expression Defines a symbol of type direct byte address direct internal RAM with the value of expression symbol IDATA expression Defines a symbol of type indirect byte address indirect internal RAM with the value of expression symbol XDATA expression Defines a symbol of type external byte address external RAM with the value of expression symbol CODE expression Defines a symbol of type code address ROM with the value of expression DB expression Generates a byte of code with the value of expression DB char Generates a byte of code using the ASCII code of char DB string Generates a byte of code for every character in the string using their ASCII codes The backslash must precede any single or double quote to b
15. UVI51 USER S MANUAL v 5 0 Alfredo del Rio Dpto de Tecnologia Electronica ETSU Universidad de Vigo 36200 VIGO Spain Europe Note A Spanish version of UVI51 software and manual is available in the site http www dte uvigo es Contents 1 Introduction 2 UVI51 operation modes 3 Installing UVI51 What is new in version 5 0 4 The Assistant UVI51 4 1 Multi micro mode 4 2 Single micro mode 5 The Assembler UVIENS51 5 1 Introduction 5 2 Running the assembler 5 3 Assembly language syntax 5 4 Assembler restrictions 6 The Simulator UVISIM51 6 1 Main window and basic topics 6 2 Source file window 6 3 Timers window 6 4 Interrupts window 6 5 Serial port window 6 6 Use of colors 6 7 Editing values 6 8 What 8051 hardware configuration is simulated 7 UVI51 Logic Analyzer 7 1 Introduction 7 2 Description 7 3 Finding patterns in the chronograms Appendix A1 CNX files syntax A1 1 Defining microcontrollers A1 2 Defining external peripherals Appendix A2 Customizing UVI51 Appendix A3 Technical support UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 1 Introduction UVI51 is the 8051 microcontroller teaching learning environment developed in the University of Vigo Spain Dpto de Tecnologia Electronica The present manual is delivered with the free distribution version UVI51 v5 0 This version limits the size of source files to 500 lines In the commercial version this limit is extended to 3000 lines
16. alues on these windows A symbol table format has been added to the simulator s RAM window Simulator s source window can be synchronized or desynchronized with the execution process A Find utility for searching text in the source window has been added The simulation speed can be adapted to user s requirements Ce amp F amp amp amp F amp amp The external peripheral display present in older versions has been changed to a graphical one The new display indicates the nodes each peripheral is connected to New external peripherals have been added Moreover the old syntax of CNX files has been extended to include peripheral labels Appendix A1 describes this syntax The new assembler version includes a more powerful set of directives 4 The Assistant UVI51 The following command lines can be used to run the assistant from DOS prompt The same lines can be used to define the shortcut under Windows UVI51 or UVIS1I file cnx UVI51 file srce UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 The options on first line configure UVI51 to operate in multi micro mode see section 2 The first one starts the assistant with the NONAME CNX system configuration file while the second uses the file indicated in the command line File extension must be CNX The second line configures UVI51 to operate in single micro mode This mode does not use any configuration file The file indicated in the command line is considered as the source file
17. anguage including instructions directives comments blank lines etc The next instruction to be executed is marked with the cursor gt 12 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 The following set of buttons is placed below the header of the window Return This button is used to return to the default microcontroller window the set of subwindows It is equivalent to Esc key aie These buttons are used to scroll the list up and down They are equivalent to the up and down arrow keys Esu Ps0R These buttons are used to scroll a whole page up and down respectively They are equivalent to the equally named keys Homel Emaf These buttons are used to move to the first or the last line of the program They are equivalent to the Home and End keys The last 6 buttons are used to display a certain part of the program and desynchronize the display and the program execution This means that the window will not follow program execution and therefore the cursor gt will be probably hidden Esse This button can be used to resynchronize the display with program execution The Source window allows the user to perform the following operations e Jump to instruction By clicking a program line that generates code usually an instruction the program counter is updated with the address of that instruction Therefore the selected instruction will be the next to be executed e Toggle a breakpoint By clicking a
18. aximum speed is selected the indicator shows MAX The numeric value is shown in red when the requested speed is greater than the maximum possible for the computer The lower window in blue is called microcontroller window There is a set of subwindows inside it each one showing information on some different element of the selected microcontroller The microcontroller window header indicates the number 0 to 3 of the micro in the system and the name of its source file Furthermore the header includes 3 buttons and an elapsed time indicator These buttons are This button is used to reset the selected microcontroller and to clear the contents of its RAM It is equivalent to c lowercase key This button is used to reset the selected microcontroller It is equivalent to r lowercase key This button is used to execute one instruction tracing into subroutines If pushed while shift key is pressed it executes one instruction stepping over subroutines It is equivalent to Enter key There is a set of subwindows under the header e The RAM window shows the contents of the internal RAM as a table The arrows button switches lt 9C00 24 00 between the 128 lower and 128 23 gt 00 upper indirect bytes It is worth ce noting that the upper 128 bytes do not exist in the basic 8051 micro Values are show in hexadecimal The RAM SMB button switches between the table format described above and a list of symbols The 000
19. buses within the CNX file is important because it determines their placements in the analyzer chronograms window APPENDIX A2 Customizing UVI 51 This appendix is not intended for novice users The experienced users will find here an explanation on how to customize the batch files used to call the editor and the assembler The editor is called by the batch file _EDIT BAT the full path and name of the file to be edited being passed as a parameter A typical BAT file for this purpose is echo off 30 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 edit 1 that calls the MSDOS edit program In this case both edit com and qbasic exe must be accessible their location directory must be included in MSDOS PATH When the user requests UVI51 to assemble a source file the batch file ASSEMBLE BAT is called The source file name without an extension is passed as a parameter The standard ASSEMBLE BAT file is echo off uviens51 1 sre whose second line call the UVI51 assembler In order to use Intel s ASM51 assembler the ASSEMBLE BAT file could be echo off copy 1 src A 1 srb B asm51 1 srb object 1 obj print 1 1st hayerror 1 if errorlevel 1 goto goout oh 1 0bj to 1 hex pause goout del 1 srb Note hayerror exe is the name of an executable file that looks for errors in the LST file This file is customized for ASM51 For other assemblers the user is encouraged to consult the corresponding manuals In any case only the ass
20. d below A node number must be indicated for every pin In the case of a 4 bit data bus connection not connected pins must be assigned to node 1 VDD through a pull up resistor For example X23 441 111 10 11 12 13 6 The simulator shows the LCD screen as follows AS RH EH DY D6 BS D4 Ba Bea Di BO The left side column indicates the nodes where pins RS RW and E are connected The bottom row indicates the nodes where data lines are connected to MSB first All the instructions commands in the standard set are available However the single line format N 0 is not supported The simulated LCD screen accepts instructions at any time Therefore reading the busy flag returns always 1 UVI51 is an instruction level simulator that is the minimum operation that can be simulated is the execution of an instruction cycle The simulation of peripherals is also performed cycle by cycle Therefore the chronograms required to control the screen are slightly different from the real ones Though this is not usually a problem typical chronograms are indicated as a reference The following figure shows a time diagram used to write the screen via an 8 bit data connection The RS and RW signals must be stable at least one cycle before the E signal rising edge The value to be written must be stable in the data bus at least one cycle before the E signal falling edge and remain stable at least one more cycle The E signal must be
21. dence The following operators are supported Add Subtract and change sign unary operator Unsigned multiplication Quotient of whole division Remainder of whole division amp Logic AND l Logic OR Logic NOT equivalent to 1 s complement Exclusive OR lt Shift left one bit position gt Shift right one bit position Most significant byte of operand similar to Intel s HIGH Least significant byte of operand similar to Intels LOW The evaluation is performed using 16 bit values Negative values are represented in 2 s complement notation Result type is assigned according to the following rules The same type as the operand in unary operators When adding or subtracting if one operator is a generic number and the other is not the result is of the type of the non numeric operator 6 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 Generic number as if it were defined using the EQU directive in other case When using jump or call instructions the parameter must be an absolute address usually in the form of a label never a relative distance The assembler computes the relative jump if necessary The special symbol can be used to refer to the current value of the program counter Therefore SJMP indicates a dead loop If a DB directive generates several bytes the symbol stands for the address where the first byte will be located The generic JMP and CALL mnemonics are recognized by the assembler
22. dge second pulse and remain for at least one whole cycle For every pulse the E signal must remain at high level for at least one cycle The RS and RW signals are allowed to change one cycle after the E signal rising edge first pulse 27 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 RS cycles t DBUS DB4 DB7 Ss value to be written Y value to be written t IN an pe an IN an pe an N most significant nibble least significant nibble 4 bit writing time diagram The following figure shows a time diagram used to read the screen via a 4 bit data connection The RS y RW signals must be stable in the bus at least one cycle before the E signal rising edge first pulse The most significant nibble of the value to be read is available in the bus DB7 DB4 after the E signal rising edge first pulse The bus returns to the 3 state VDD through a pull up resistor after the falling edge in the F signal first pulse The least significant nibble of the value to be read is available in the bus DB7 DB4 after the E signal rising edge second pulse The bus returns to the 3 state VDD through a pull up resistor after the falling edge of the E signal second pulse For every pulse the E signal must remain at least 2 cycles at high level so that the microcontroller can read the bus The RS and RW signals are allowed to change one cycle after the E signal rising edge first pulse RS most significant nibble least significant
23. e included in the string DB a 25 string Generates bytes of code for all the elements in the list DW expression Generates 2 bytes of code with the value of expression the upper byte being the first END Indicates the end of file optional IF expression If expression evaluates to 0 the following lines are not assembled until the directive ENDIF is found conditional assembly ENDIF Restores the unconditional assembly UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 All the expressions must be absolute and computable at the first assembly pass only backward references are permitted The only exception are forward references to labels when using the EQU directive and of course jump and call instructions The instruction syntax is similar to that used by many commercial assemblers Some examples follow label lt label gt mnemonic parameter_list optional comment lt label gt mnemonic optional comment lt label gt optional comment comment line without instruction The valid mnemonics are those defined by Intel for the 8051 family If two or more parameters are used in one instruction they must be separated by commas Numeric parameters can be replaced by evaluable expressions All the expressions are evaluated into numbers in the range 0000h to OFFFFh The evaluation takes place from left to right without precedence levels Therefore brackets must be used to define the desired prece
24. e simulator main window is shown in the following figure UVIS1 Simulator v5 0 E UVUIML PROGS1 CNX ERN Micro 1 Micro 2 Micro O prog51 SRC T 000000878 9 us Program Add Code Line Source O1DA 3098FD 145 RI O1DA 3098FD 145 RI O1DA 3098FD j RI s tipo sbuf RI c tipo O acc O0 ail pa Timers Info Interrupts Info pPcfoipA TconfcaA 11001010 1Efoo 00000000 p1 psufoifooo0000T THODs20 Jooi00000 C 1e oo oooooooo M ejoo careko P Tolo foo T 1fFF FF aces73 J01110011 OL PINS pptRjoo00 sPfeo Seria Port masa poppe pee pri XRAM DPTR gt fOO scon 54 01010100 P1fo0 foo foo000000 ROM A DPTR gt foo SBUF lt Tx gt fO0 smop P2 FF Jer fiiiiiiil ROM A PC gt 30 seuf RxD 73 TT pP3 D3 D2 11010010 1 0 Ports UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 The upper window in orange brown in some monitors is called the system window Its header shows the name of the system configuration file Under the header there is a set of buttons related to system operation Under these buttons the external peripherals are drawn in a set of cells see appendix A1 for details A brief description of the system window buttons follows This button is used to quit the simulator It is equivalent to Shift Esc keys This button is used to show a brief help It is equivalent to F1 key This button is used to reset all the micros in the system clear the contents of their RAMs reset the global time cloc
25. emblers that generate LST and HEX files compatible with those generated by Intel s assembler can be used APPENDIX A3 Technical support The author does not guarantee the correctness of this software nor accept any responsibility for any loss derived of its use Furthermore the author is not obligated to give present or future maintenance nor develop new software versions Nevertheless the author will try to answer short and well defined questions about UVI51 usage at the following mail address 31 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 Alfredo del Rio UVI 51 Dpto Tecnologia Electronica ETSIU Universidad de Vigo 36200 VIGO SPAIN and at the e mail address ario uvigo es indicating as subject UVI51 The author encourage users to enclose the following information 1 Requester s name and occupation University or College student teacher etc 2 E mail address where the answer must be delivered if different from sender 3 Application where UVI51 is being or going to be used teaching learning at a specific level R amp D etc 4 Requester s opinion about UVI51 Assessment errors found suggestions Thank you for using UVI51 Vigo Spain December 1999 Alfredo del Rio 32
26. for the only microcontroller to be simulated File extension must be SRC The microcontroller is configured to run at 12 MHz clock frequency 1 us machine cycle with a 4096 bytes ROM and a 2048 bytes XRAM Once the assistant has started in one mode its operation mode can not be changed to the other The only way to change the operation mode is to start the assistant again with the suitable DOS command line or Windows shortcut 4 1 Multi micro mode When operating in multi micro mode the assistant screen shows the following buttons HELP This button is used to open the help file HELP TXT This file contains information about the 8051 Users can edit the file according to their needs OPEN This button is used to open an already existing configuration file CNX This file will guide the operation of the assistant NEW This button is used to open a new configuration file CNX The user must edit the file to define the system before the system can be simulated see the next button file CNX This button shows the name of the active CNX file It is used to edit this file SIMULATE This button is active only if the microcontroller s program s has have been successfully assembled It is used to start the execution of the simulator UVISIM51 ANALYZE This button is used to run the logic analyzer viewer It is active only if a logic analyzer has been defined in the configuration file and a simulation has been successfully carr
27. guration and state of the serial controller is shown See section 6 5 e The I O Ports window shows the state of port latches and terminals The latter are shown in both hexadecimal and binary format The latch value might not match the terminals levels due to the use of quasi bi directional ports as indicated in the 8051 handbooks The external level applied to each terminal can be modified using either the mouse or the keyboard With the mouse the level applied to one terminal is switched by clicking on the corresponding bit With the keyboard the blue cursor can be moved using the arrow keys and then the space bar pressed to switch the level The CNX files usually assign node numbers to some port terminals The states of these terminals shown on a gray background can not be modified in the way just described However they can be modified using pushbuttons or switches external peripherals In most of the cases the values of the registers shown in the windows can be edited using the mouse at byte and or bit level The same is valid for RAM and XRAM contents Byte editable values are shown on cyan background Bit editable values are shown on yellow background See sections 6 6 and 6 7 for more details 6 2 Source file window Pushing the Source button in the Program window opens the Source window This window hides the set of subwindows discussed in the preceding sections The Source window shows the source code in assembly l
28. ied out see appendix Al The viewer shows the chronograms of all the nodes in the system EXIT This button is used to quit the assistant and to return to the operating system In addition a table of buttons is shown with the format SOURCES ASSEMBLER OUTPUT filel SRC A gt filel LST file2 SRC A gt file2 LST The buttons in the left column are used to edit the source files in assembly language The buttons in the central column call the assembler on the corresponding source file Finally the buttons in the right column are used to edit the list files generated by the assembler Each row corresponds to the program of one microcontroller While a file has not been successfully assembled the associated LST file button is shown in gray Even so the LST file can be edited using the button in order to check for errors in the assembly process 3 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 The following line is shown in the bottom of the screen STATUS MESSAGES The assembler or other utilities show their console messages under this line The same area is also used when creating a new CNX file with the NEW button to write the new file name 4 2 Single micro mode When operating in single micro mode the assistant shows a screen similar to that of the multi micro mode see section 4 1 A brief description of the differences follows OPEN This button is used to open an existing source file SRC NEW This butt
29. ift key pressed while clicking the button or press the F uppercase key If the cursor is already on a match the next search will discard this match This behavior makes successive searches easier 21 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 APPENDIX A1 CNX Files Syntax CNX files are ASCII files with two main blocks The first block defines micro s while the second one defines external peripherals The expression node number is used throughout this section in a Spice like way though with some differences that must be considered e Node numbers must be numbers between O and 201 The use of correlative numbers starting with 2 is encouraged since this speeds up simulation e Numbers 0 and 1 have special meanings e Node 0 Connection to ground equivalent to a permanent logic level 0 e Node 1 Connection to Vdd through a pull up resistor Its logic level is 1 unless connected to a 0 level Wired AND concept A1 1 Defining microcontrollers Every micro in the system must be defined using a line with the following syntax Uprogram clockfreq xramsize romsize where the initial U must be the first character in the line and has to be followed without blank spaces by a source file name This is the program to be run by the micro Three parameters follow indicating the clock frequency in MHz and the size of external data and program memories in bytes respectively The following ranges must be regarded 1 lt clockfreq l
30. ine and has an associated time value shown on its upper side The cursor can be moved using the following keys and or buttons combinations Shift or Shift right arrow key to move cursor to the right Shift or Shift left arrow key to move cursor to the left Shift or Shift End key to move the cursor to the end of window Shift or Shift Home key to move cursor to the beginning of window The cursor can also be dragged using the mouse or moved directly clicking on the target position The time associated to cursor position is shown by default as absolute time Clicking on the cursor while keeping the shift key pressed will reset the cursor time to zero This is useful for time measurements If the same operation is performed but the shift key is replaced by the control key the cursor recovers its absolute value Some operations for example the display of very large and very active chronograms can take a lot of time The operation can be canceled using the Del key The bottom part of the analyzer display shows a help on buttons Simply place the mouse pointer over a button without clicking to view the related help 7 3 Finding patterns in the chronograms The task of locating a specific portion of chronograms can be hard specially if a long simulation has been run The Find utility can help to locate any portion defined by a characteristic pattern A pattern is a set of states vector related to a se
31. k and clear all the breakpoints It is equivalent to C uppercase key This button is used to reset all the micros in the system It is equivalent to R uppercase key This button is used to run the simulator or to stop it It is equivalent to s lowercase key In addition to a user command any of the following conditions stop the simulator The program counter is pointing to a non initialized ROM address In this case a real micro should go into an undetermined state A breakpoint is reached The reserved ASh code is found This button is used to reset the global time clock This button is inhibited if a logic analyzer has been defined in the CNX file in order to avoid duplicity in time stamps Select the microcontroller whose information is displayed in the microcontroller window see below There are as many buttons as micros have been defined in the system As an exception when only one microcontroller has been defined no button of this kind is shown The external peripheral area shows the state of every peripheral defined in the CNX file see appendix Al Node numbers are shown either in black to indicate a high level state or in red low level state Node numbers are replaced by labels node names if they have been defined in the CNX file Each peripheral type has its own characteristic picture e Manually operated switches The switch name and electrical symbol are shown The moveable contact is shown i
32. n its current position Switch state is changed clicking the little button Node controlled switches are not shown in the peripheral area e Pushbuttons keys This peripheral is new in version 5 0 A 20 pushbutton is shown with its assigned name The contacts are closed while the button is pushed Since only one mouse pointer is available oO only one pushbutton can be pushed at a time Should this be a problem replace pushbuttons with switches OFF o 1 7 e LEDs This peripheral is shown using the LED symbol When active it R is shown lighting The color is red by default but can be defined for each LED in the CNX file 1 T 6 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 e Hex displays 7 segments style with multiplexing capability Active 10 Fi Lo 12 segments are shown in red When the enable node is set to 1 no Li segment lights e LCD Screen with serial link controlled via 3 signals See appendix A1 section A1 2 for details e LCD Screen with parallel link standard It is elk dat loa functionally equivalent to _ Trident MDLS 16265 and RS other standard screens See RH appendix Al section A1 2 EN for details DY DSE DS D4 D3 De Bi DO The CNX file defines the actual position where every external peripheral is shown within this window The system window includes a simulation speed indicator The units are Instructions Per Second The speed can be modified using the and buttons When m
33. on is used to create a new source file SRC SIMULATE If the source file has been successfully assembled this button calls the simulator The table of buttons contains in this mode a single line corresponding to the only microcontroller in the system and is functionally equivalent to the one in multi micro mode SOURCE ASSEMBLER OUTPUT filel SRC A gt filel LST 5 The Assembler UVIENS51 This section describes the features and use of UVIENS51 the assembler supplied with UVI51 5 1 Introduction UVIENSS51 is a mini assembler for the 8051 family of microcontrollers It has been developed as a part of UVI51 This assembler is very easy to use and its syntax is very similar to that of other commercial assemblers like Intels ASM51 UVIENS51 generates absolute code and there is no need for a separate linker Macroinstructions are not supported 5 2 Running the assembler From the assistant click the A gt button to run the assembler UVIENSS51 is an MSDOS application therefore it can be also called from the MSDOS command line UVIENSS1 file sre file src being the name of the source code file to be assembled A path can be included in the file name 4 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 The assembler creates an output file with the same name as the source file but with LST extension If no error is found another file with HEX extension is created containing the absolute code in Intel Hex format The LS
34. ottom right part of the cell Label assignment OFF in this example eases switch identification Sgate 710 5 defines a switch whose state positioning is determined by node 5 logic level This kind of switches similar to relays or transmission gates are not shown in the simulator system window The current version imposes some restrictions to the use of these switches in order to avoid convergence problems Thus the control node state must not depend on the positioning of other switch not even the same switch In a typical application the control node will be driven directly by a micro port Pushbutton key K lt label gt lt node_A gt lt node_B gt lt cell gt The pushbutton closes when depressed clicking the button shown in the simulator system window Example 70 KINT 20 0 1 Oo finr 23 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 defines a pushbutton connected between node 20 and ground The simulator shows the pushbutton in the cell number 1 where the user can depress it using the mouse Binary display LED L lt label gt lt anode_node gt lt cathode_node gt lt cell gt lt color gt The LED lights if anode_node is at logic level 1 and cathode_node at 0 A lighten LED is shown painted with the indicated color The default color is red The following colors are available RxD 1 4 6 red yellow green blue WAKA For example LRxD 168 Y defines a LED whose anode is pulled up to Vdd
35. program line while keeping pushed the shift key a breakpoint is set in or removed from that instruction Breakpoints are shown on a red background e Set a breakpoint by value Two editable cells are placed in the right side of the header as shown Stop when RAMC FF gt FF Program execution will stop when the stated condition becomes true The value between brackets indicates a RAM address if lesser than 8Ohex or SFR address if greater than 7Fhex This process is called a breakpoint by value Only one can be defined at a time The breakpoint by value mechanism can be disabled by simply selecting a non existing address with a non reachable value For example RAM FF FF since the FFhex address indicates a non existing SFR with a default value of 0 There is a text search utility in the source code window Click inside the text box to edit the search pattern Click the Find button to start search The search begins at the first line of the current window If a match occurs the window scrolls to show it placed at the first line If the pattern is not found no action takes place Since the window never scrolls down below the end of the program patterns found at the end of the program might not show the match at the first line gt mov pi 25 Eisa 13 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 6 3 Timers Counters graphic window This window shows a functional diagram of the current configuration and state of the timers A line
36. rnal value applied to unconnected pins 6 8 What 8051 hardware configuration is simulated An 8051 with 4 Kbytes of ROM and 2 Kbytes of XRAM is simulated by default This XRAM is connected using only the 11 least significant address lines As a result the external memory map is cyclic being any address ADDR over 2 Kbytes redirected to ADDR amp 7FFh It is worth noting that a real application would connect the external RAM via PO and P2 I O ports used as buses Port 0 serves as a multiplexed address data bus to the RAM and must not be used for I O purposes Port 2 drives additional address bits and might be used partially for I O purposes see an 8051 manufacturer s handbook for details However the simulator neither shows bus activity in ports PO and P2 nor leave PO modified The user must be aware of the restrictions in ports use when accessing external data or program memory On the other hand the simulator takes into account P2 state when executing the following instructions movx a r0 movx a rl movx r0 a movx rl a 16 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 It is also worth noting that the simulator includes 128 bytes of indirect addressable internal RAM not available in the original 8051 but in the 8052 and other members of the family However other 8052 improvements as timer 2 are not implemented in this version The current version simulates serial port in modes 1 and 3 only The simulation is performed at the logic level of
37. t 100 8 lt xramsize lt 32768 32 lt romsize lt 8192 Once a micro has been defined the user can add a set of lines in order to assign node numbers to micro ports The syntax must be Pxy N with the meaning bit y of port x connected to node number N When the simulator finds this kind of line it assumes a reference to the last defined micro A1 2 Defining external peripherals External peripherals are shown in the simulator system window see section 6 1 The definition of a peripheral in the CNX file must include the position where the user want the peripheral to be shown This position is specified by a cell number between 1 and 32 The following figure depicts the way cells are numbered 22 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 1 7 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 16 17 24 25 32 The following peripherals can be defined Switch S lt label gt lt common_node gt lt 0_node gt lt l_node gt lt control gt If control gt 0 then switch position is controlled manually by the user from the simulator screen If control lt 0 switch position is controlled by the node whose number is the absolute value of control Two examples follow SOFF7101 defines a switch with its terminals connected to OFF ce El common to node 7 idle to node 1 pull up to Vdd active to node 0 ground and to be shown in cell number 1 Switch state positioning is accomplished by clicking on the little button at the b
38. t of nodes Before a search process is initiated a search pattern has to be defined 20 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 A pattern is defined assigning some node states to 0 or 1 The nodes whose state is don t care must be assigned an X value Node patterns change cyclically every time the user clicks them according to the sequence X 0 1 The initial pattern is all don t cares If a bus has been defined its search pattern changes automatically every time the user changes the pattern of the belonging nodes The user can also modify a bus pattern directly by clicking on one of its hex digits The clicked digit is replaced by a red square Then the user can enter a new value 0 F using the keyboard If the user press the X key the four nodes that form that hex digit are marked as don t care Any change in a bus pattern is updated automatically in the corresponding node patterns The question mark placed in a bus pattern digit indicates that at least one of its nodes has been assigned as don t care and at least another one has been assigned as 0 or 1 Once a search pattern is defined the search process is initiated by clicking the magnifier button or by pressing the f lowercase key The search begins at the current cursor position and extends to the end of the window The cursor is placed on the first match found For a search not limited to the current window keep the sh
39. ted This operation can be performed using the keyboard or the mouse With the keyboard use the arrow keys to move the I O Ports cursor shown in cyan color then the space bar to toggle pin state With the mouse click on one pin to toggle When in step mode the contents of RAM XRAM and many registers can be edited Some of them can be edited at byte level byte editable using hex notation Click on the desired byte the value is now shown in red color and use the keyboard to enter the new hex value End with the Enter key to accept changes Esc to discard Alternatively you can click outside the value using the left button to accept right button to discard Most of the editable bytes are shown in cyan background color All the RAM is editable including the registers of the selected bank though they are shown in white background color The following registers are byte editable e ACC B DPTR high and low bytes SP IE IP TCON TMOD TO and T1 e PO P1 P2 y P3 output latch value only Other byte editable contents are e XRAM pointed by DPTR e XRAM display pointer 2 bytes and the contents of XRAM shown in the corresponding window Some registers are bit editable Their binary values are shown in yellow background color Click on the bit with the mouse to toggle The following registers are bit editable e ACC PSW unless parity bit IE IP SCON TCON and TMOD The bit SMOD is also editable e PO P1 P2 and P3 exte
40. through a resistor and whose cathode is connected to node number 6 The simulator will show it in the cell number 8 The figure depicts the LED lightened using yellow color Hex display H lt 0_node LSB gt lt 3_node MSB gt lt enable_node gt lt cell gt This display is equivalent to a common cathode 7 segment display preceded by a BIN to HEX decoder If the value applied to O_node through 3_node inputs is restricted to the range 0 to 9 it can be used as a BCD to 7 segments decoder plus a common cathode display If enable_node is at 1 level the display is blank Thus a multiplexed display can be simulated For example io is ii iz H 10 11 12 1305 Oo defines a display with its data inputs connected to nodes 10 13 and its enable input permanently connected to ground The display will be shown in cell number 5 as depicted The enable terminal is placed under de display The 4 data inputs are placed on left and right sides beginning with the LSB in the left up corner and following in counter clock wise LCD screen serial D lt CLK_node gt lt DAT_node gt lt LOAD_node gt lt cell gt The LCD screen displays 2 lines of 16 characters It is controlled via a 3 wire synchronous serial link Commands are sent via the DAT terminal The LCD screen has an internal shift register that grabs the data present at DAT with the falling edge of CLK When a falling edge is present in LOAD the LCD screen executes the command stored
41. wing parameters can be defined for each micro in the system Clock frequency Program memory ROM size External RAM memory XRAM size Appendix Al includes a detailed description of configuration files syntax 3 Installing UVI51 What is new in version 5 0 This software is supplied as a packed file named UVI51_50 ZIP This ZIP file must be unpacked previously to installation procedure UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 This UVI51 version is a free distribution software However it must be distributed as a whole and no part must be modified All the programs in UVI51 are MSDOS applications and do not require any special installation The set of files resulting of the unpacking process must be copied into a subdirectory The creation of a subdirectory for work files system definition files source files etc is suggested but not a must Execution under Microsoft Windows 95 and later versions The best way to start UVI51 under Windows is to create a shortcut to UVI51 EXE the UVI51 assistant The suggested shortcut properties are PROGRAM Close at exit Change icon UVI51 ICO SCREEN Full screen MISCELLANEOUS Do not use screen saver Low inactive sensitivity New in version 5 0 New simulator s graphical interface including windows and buttons The simulator enables continuous program execution while showing and updating the source code or the embedded peripherals windows The user is allowed to edit v
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