UVI51 USER'S MANUAL (v 5.0) Contents
Contents
1. University or College student teacher etc 2 E mail address where the answer must be delivered if different from sender 3 Application where UVI51 is being or going to be used teaching learning at a specific level R amp D etc 4 Requester s opinion about UVI51 Assessment errors suggestions Thank you for using UVI51 Vigo Spain December 1999 Alfredo del Rio 242. crear Reset all the micros in the system clear their RAMs reset the global time clock Any of the following conditions also stops the simulator The program counter is pointing to a non initialized ROM address In this case a real micro should go into an undetermined state A breakpoint is reached The reserved A5h code has been found UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 Resets the global time clock This button is inhibited if a logic analyzer has been defined in the CNX file TEE Select which micro is to be displayed in the microcontroller window see below There are as many buttons as micros have been defined in the system never more than 4 As an exception when only one micro has been defined no button of this kind is shown The external peripheral area shows the state of every peripheral defined in the CNX file see appendix Al Each peripheral type has its own characteristic picture Node numbers are shown either in black to indicate a high level state or in red low level state Numbers are substituted by labels node names if so defined in the CNX file e Manually operated switch The switch name and electrical symbol are o shown The moveable contact is shown in its current position Switch state is changed using the little button Node controlled switches are i Y not shown in the peripherals area OFF e Pushbutton key This peripheral is new to the version 5 0 A 20 pushbutton is shown with the assigned
3. the last received sampled bit is shown The state of the internal divider 0 to F is also shown RxD line is sampled by the 7 8 and 9 states as it is in an actual 8051 The state of SBUF tx SBUF rx and the internal receiving shift register is also depicted The SBUF tx acts itself as a shift register for the transmitter portion SBUF rx is loaded with the 8 least significant bits of the shift register at the end of the frame as in an actual 8051 This window is updated periodically when the simulator is in running mode In this mode the edition of values is not permitted 6 6 Use of colors Colors have been assigned in simulator windows using the following guidelines GRAY Non editable values background Inactive buttons LEDs in off state WHITE Background color for the selected register bank Background for the next instruction in Program window Background for labels in external peripherals CYAN Background color for byte editable values Background for the cursor in the I O Ports window Microcontroller window buttons RED Byte being edited Background for breakpoints Buttons in external peripherals Hexadecimal display segments YELLOW Background for bit editable values MAGENT RAM address pointed by the stack pointer SP BLUE Stack footprints RAM area written by PUSH ACALL or LCALL instructions useful for stack overflow detection Microcontroller selection buttons GREEN System window buttons
4. 2000 0 Click the pointed button to Zoom in e Title with the text UVI51 LOGIC ANALYZER followed by the name of the displayed LOG file e Upper buttons bar The bar includes 6 buttons the user can click to Exit the analyzer Equivalent to Esc key Create a file in HPGL format corresponding to the chronograms window Equivalent to p key Show a help window Equivalent to key E ge 16 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 Zoom in time scale Equivalent to key Zoom out time scale Equivalent to key Find a pattern starting from cursor position to the end of the displayed block When clicked keeping the shift key depressed the search is extended beyond the displayed block Equivalent to the f and F keys respectively See section 7 3 ele e Chronograms window nT 1000 0 14000 0 C D tcur Cus 1000 0 Data Address LOAD li l l CLK L A L DATA ru Wu ry PROG co C1 lt LB gt C2 lt RD C3 Upp DO D1 D2 D3 D4 tabs Cus 1000 0 1400 0 1800 0 2200 0 2600 0 3000 0 trel Cus 0 0 400 0 800 0 1200 0 1600 0 2000 0 This window shows node chronograms It includes 2 shift bars The horizontal bar is used to scroll through time axis The vertical bar is used to select the group of nodes to be displayed Bars are shifted using the following buttons Time forward Equivalent to the right arrow key Time backward Equivalent to the left arrow key Go forward to the end of ch
5. Ports terminals The latter are shown in both hexadecimal and binary D PIN IFF JFF f 1 format The latch value might not match the terminal levels due ay _ me f a a indicated in the 8051 P1 00 foo 00000000 o the use of quasi bi directional ports as indicated in the paler ENI manuals The externally applied level can be modified for each p3 pa ba 11010010 terminal using either the mouse or the keyboard With the mouse the applied level toggles clicking the desired bit With the keyboard the blue cursor can be moved using the arrow keys and then the space bar depressed to toggle CNX files usually assign node numbers to some port terminals The state of that terminals can not be modified in the way just described These terminals are shown on a gray background However they can be modified using pushbuttons or switches external peripherals Inside most of windows many registers can be edited using the mouse at byte and or bit level The same is valid for RAM and XRAM contents Byte editable values are shown on cyan background Bit editable values are shown on yellow background See sections 6 6 and 6 7 for more details 6 2 Source file window The button Source in the Program window opens the Source window This window hides the set of subwindows discussed in the preceding sections Micro O prog5S1 SRC T 000000185 6 Cus Return E 2 Pave Papal Hone Enaj suneroj _ Eanaj stop when Ranc FF g
6. e Numbers 0 and 1 have special meanings e Node 0 Connection to ground equivalent to a permanent logic level 0 e Node 1 Connection to Vdd through a pull up resistor Its logic level is 1 unless connected to a 0 level Wired AND concept A1 1 Defining microcontrollers Every micro in the system must be defined using a line with the following syntax Uprogram clockfreq xramsize romsize where the initial U must be the first character in the line and has to be followed without blank spaces by a source file name This is the program to be run by the micro Three parameters follow indicating clock frequency in MHz and the size of external data and program memories in bytes respectively The following ranges must be regarded 1 lt clockfreq lt 100 16 lt xramsize lt 32768 32 lt romsize lt 8192 Once a micro has been defined the user can add a set of lines in order to assign node numbers to micro ports The syntax must be Pxy N with the meaning bit y of port x connected to node number N When the simulator finds this kind of line it assumes a reference to the latest defined micro 19 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 A1 2 Defining external peripherals External peripherals are shown in the simulator system window see section 6 1 The definition of a peripheral in the CNX file must include the position where the user want the peripheral shown This position is specified by a cell number between 1 an
7. except for microcontroller selection buttons 6 7 Editing values When in running mode only the I O ports state external pin levels can be changed manually This operation can be performed using the keyboard or the mouse With the keyboard use the arrow keys to move the I O Ports cursor shown in cyan color then the space bar to toggle pin state With the mouse click on one pin to toggle When in step mode RAM XRAM and many registers can be edited Some of them can be edited at byte level byte editable using hex notation Click on the desired byte the value is now shown in red color and use the keyboard to enter the new hex value End with the Enter key to accept changes Esc to discard Alternatively you can click outside the value using the left button to accept right button to discard As a rule the editable bytes are shown in cyan background color All the RAM is editable including the registers of the selected bank though they are shown in white background color 14 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 The following registers are byte editable e ACC B DPTR high and low bytes SP IE IP TCON TMOD TO and T1 e P P1 P2 y P3 output latch value only Other byte editable contents are e XRAM pointed by DPTR e XRAM display pointer 2 bytes and the contents of XRAM shown in the corresponding window Some registers are bit editable Their binary values are shown in yellow background color Click the bit w
8. the contents of some registers associated to the central process unit The contents of some interesting XRAM and ROM addresses are also shown Some registers are shown both in hexadecimal and binary e The Timer Counter window shows the contents of TCON TMOD and the pairs THO TLO and TH1 TL1 fate This button opens a window which shows the state of timers in a graphic and more detailed way For more information see section 6 3 e The Interrupts window shows the contents of IE and IP Moreover an indication of priority level of the interrupt being serviced is provided The notation used for pl is L for low priority H for high priority and blank when no interrupt is being serviced 10 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 Info This button opens a new window which depicts the state of the interrupt controller in a graphic and detailed way See section 6 4 e The Serial Port window shows the contents of SCON SBUF tx and SBUF rx Even though only one address is associated to the Serdal Fort Info symbol SBUF two SBUF registers exist in the serial controller sconf54 01010100 One of them is located in the transmitter section and the other SBUF Tx 00 sMOD one in the receiver section The value of the bit SMOD SBUF Rx 73 H PCON 7 is also shown Into This button opens a new window where the state of the serial controller is shown See section 6 5 e The I O Ports window shows the state of port latches and 170
9. third line configures UVI51 in single micro mode This mode does not use any configuration file The indicated file name is considered as the source file for the only micro to be simulated The extension must be SRC The micro is configured to work at 12 MHz clock frequency 1 us machine cycle with a 4096 bytes ROM and a 2048 bytes XRAM Once the assistant has started in one mode it can not be changed to the other The only way to change the working mode is to start the assistant again with the suitable DOS command line or Windows shortcut If the file name passed in the invocation line includes a path that path is established as the user files default path 4 1 Multi micro mode When working in multi micro mode the assistant screen shows the following buttons HELP Opens the help file HELP TXT This file is supplied containing information about the 8051 The user can edit the file according to his or her needs OPEN Opens an already existing configuration file CNX This file will lead the assistant work NEW Opens a new configuration file CNX The user must edit the file to define the system before the system can be simulated see the next button file CNX This button is designated with the name of the open CNX file Push it to edit the file SIMULATE This button is active only if the CNX file is valid and all the source files have been succesfully assembled This button calls the simulator ANALYZE This button
10. working in single micro mode the assistant shows a screen similar to that of the multi micro mode see section 4 1 A brief description of the differences follows OPEN Open a source file SRC NEW Create a new source file SRC SIMULATE If the source file has been successfully assembled this button calls the simulator The table of buttons contains in this case a single line only one micro and is functionally equivalent to that of the multimicro case SOURCE ASSEMBLER OUTPUT filel SRC A gt filel LST 5 The Assembler 5 1 Introduction UVIENSS1 is a mini assembler for the 8051 family of microcontrollers It has been developed as a part of UVI51 This assembler is very easy to use and employs a syntax very similar to that of another commercial assemblers like Intel s ASM51 UVIENS51 generates absolute code directly and there is no need of a separate linker The definition and use of macros is not allowed in this version 5 2 Running the assembler From the assistant click the E gt button to run the assembler UVIENSS51 is an MSDOS application therefore it can be also called from the MSDOS command line UVIENSS1 file sre being file src the name of the source code file to be assembled A path can be included in the file name UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 The assembler creates an output file with the same name as the source file but LST extension If no error is found another file is crea
11. T is called The source file name without an extension is passed as a parameter The standard ASSEMBLE BAT file is 22 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 echo off uviens51 1 sre whose second line call the UVI51 assembler In order to use Intel s ASM51 assembler the ASSEMBLE BAT file can be echo off copy l1 src A 1 srb B asm51 1 srb object 1 obj print 1 Ist hayerror 1 if errorlevel 1 goto goout oh 1 obj to 1 hex pause goout del 1 srb This file is customized for the peculiarities of ASM51 For other assemblers the user is encouraged to consult the assembler manuals In any case only the assemblers that generate LST and HEX files compatible with those generated by Intel s assembler can be used APPENDIX A3 Technical support The author does not guarantee the correctness of this software nor accept any responsibility for any loss derived of its use Furthermore the author is not obligated to give present or future maintenance nor develop new software versions Nevertheless the author will try to answer short and well defined questions about UVI51 usage at the following mail address Alfredo del Rio UVI 51 Dpto Tecnologia Electr nica ETSII Universidad de Vigo 36200 VIGO SPAIN and at the e mail address ario uvigo es indicating as subject UVI51 23 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 The author encourage users to enclose the following information 1 Requester s name and occupation
12. Timers window This window shows a functional diagram of timers including current configuration and state A line of text indicates the operation mode Timer control bits are placed where they act and also grouped into TMOD and TCON registers Their values can be edited and their effect over timer configuration is updated immediately This window is also continuously updated when the simulator is in running mode In this mode however editing values is not permitted 6 4 Interrupts window This window shows a functional diagram of the interrupt controller indicating current configuration and state The diagram shows the contents of the IE and IP registers both as a whole and bit by bit Edition of these registers is enabled except in running mode With a sight the user can determine what interrupt sources are enabled and which of them are to be serviced first Window contents are updated continuously when the simulator is in running mode 6 5 Serial Port window This window shows a functional diagram of the serial controller Modes 0 and 2 are not supported by the current version of UVI51 The diagram indicates the mode number of bits and if possible the baud rate The state of transmitting and receiving processes are also shown fr D E f0o0000000 o fo Joooo0o00 J50 J010 10000 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 In the transmitter portion the currently being transmitted bit is indicated In the receiver portion
13. UVI51 USER S MANUAL v 5 0 Alfredo del Rio Dpto de Tecnologia Electr nica ETSII Universidad de Vigo 36200 VIGO Spain Europe Note A Spanish version of UVI51 software and manual is available in the site http www dte uvigo es Contents 1 Introduction 2 UVI51 operation modes 3 Installing UVI51 What is new in version 5 0 4 The Assistant 4 1 Multi micro mode 4 1 Single micro mode 5 The Assembler 5 1 Introduction 5 2 Running the assembler 5 3 Assembly language syntax 5 4 Assembler restrictions 6 The Simulator 6 1 Main window and basic topics 6 2 Source file window 6 3 Timers window 6 4 Interrupts window 6 5 Serial port window 6 6 Use of colors 6 7 Editing values 6 8 What 8051 hardware configuration is simulated 7 The Logic Analyzer 7 1 Introduction 7 2 Description 7 3 Finding patterns in the chronograms Appendix A1 CNX files syntax Al1 1 Defining microcontrollers A1 2 Defining external peripherals Appendix A2 Customizing UVI51 Appendix A3 Technical support UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 1 Introduction UVI51 is the 8051 microcontroller teaching learning environment developed in the University of Vigo Spain Dpto de Tecnologia Electronica The present manual is delivered with the free distribution version UVI51 v5 0 This version limits the size of source files to 500 lines The commercial version puts this limit to 3000 lines This environment includes a set of p
14. User s Manual v5 0 The simulator main window is shown in the following figure UVIS1 Simulator v5 0 E UVUIML PROGS1 CNX Micro Of Micro 1 Micro 2 it Oo Micro O prog51 SRC T 000000878 9 Cus Program Code Line Source 3098FD 145 jnb 3098FD 145 jnb 3098FD 145 jinb 859925 146 mov c298 147 clr RI A228 148 mov c tipo 0 acc 0 ail pa CPU Timers Info Interrupts Info pcfoipA Tconfca 11001010 1Efoo 00000000 p1 psufo1Jooo0000T THODs20 fooi00000 1Pfoofoo000000 M Bfoo 8 careBko p Tofoo foo T 1fFF FF ace s73 J01110011 OL PINS _ ppTRJoo00 sPfeo Serial Port masa poppe peri XRAMC DPTR gt JOO scon S4f010101i00 P1foo foo foo000000 ROM A DPTR gt foo SBUF lt Tx gt JO0 smop P2 FF Jer fiiiiiiil ROM A PC gt 30 seur Rx fra FT P3 D3 D2 11010010 1 0 Ports The upper window in orange or brown is called system window Its title shows the name of the system being simulated Under the title there is a set of buttons related to system operation Under the buttons the external peripherals are drawn in a set of cells see appendix Al A brief description of the system window buttons follows Quit the simulator Equivalent to Shift Esc Show a brief help Equivalent to F1 and clear all the breakpoints Equivalent to C uppercase Reset all the micros in the system Equivalent to R uppercase Run the simulator or stop it Equivalent to s lowercase
15. a red square Then the user introduces the new value using the keyboard 0 F If the user depress the X key the four nodes that form the hex digit are marked as don t cares Any change in a bus pattern is updated automatically in the corresponding node patterns 18 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 The question mark placed in a bus pattern digit indicates that at least one of its nodes has been assigned as don t care and at least one has been assigned as 0 or 1 Once a search pattern is defined the search process is initiated clicking the magnifier button or the f key The search starts from cursor position and extends to the end of the window The cursor is moved to the first match found For a search not limited to the present window keep the shift key depressed while clicking the button or use the F uppercase key If the cursor is already on a match the new search begins after the present match is lost This behavior makes successive searches easier APPENDIX A1 CNX Files Syntax CNX files are ASCII files with two main blocks The first block defines micro s while the second one defines external peripherals The expression node number is used throughout this section in a Spice like way though with some differences that must be considered e Node numbers must be numbers between 0 and 201 The use of correlative numbers starting with 2 is encouraged since this speeds up simulation
16. ault as absolute time Clicking the cursor while keeping shift key depressed will reset cursor time to zero This is useful for time measuring If the same operation is performed but shift key is replaced by control key cursor time recovers its absolute value Some operations for example the display of very large and very active chronograms can take a lot of time The operation can be canceled using the Del key The bottom of the screen shows a help on buttons Simply move mouse pointer over a button without clicking to see the related help 7 3 Finding patterns in chronograms The task of locating a specific portion of chronograms can be hard specially if a long simulation has been run The find utility can help to locate any portion defined by a characteristic pattern A pattern is a set of states vector related to a set of nodes Before a search process is initiated a search pattern has to be defined A pattern is defined assigning some node states to 0 or 1 That nodes whose state is don t care must be assigned an X value Node patterns change cyclically every time the user clicks them according to the sequence X 0 1 The initial pattern is all don t cares If a bus has been defined its search pattern changes automatically every time the user changes any of its node patterns The user can also modify a bus pattern directly clicking on one of its hex digits The clicked digit is replaced by
17. bels to node numbers using the following syntax Nn label where n is the node number and label the name given to the node For example N5 CLK assigns the label CLK to node 5 signal This label will be displayed by both the simulator and the analyzer replacing node number 5 Buses The user can define a bus as a sorted set of nodes using the syntax Blabel nn nO n1 n2 where label is the bus identifier The parameter nn indicates de bus depth how many nodes and nO nl is a sorted list of nn node numbers beginning with the least significant one For example BDATA 823456789 defines an 8 bit BUS named DATA whose LSB is node 2 and so on The relative position of lines defining node labels and buses within the CNX file is important because it determines their placements in the analyzer chronograms window APPENDIX A2 Customizing UVI 51 This appendix is not intended for novice users The experienced users will find here an explanation on how to customize the batch files used to call the editor and the assembler The editor is called by the batch file _EDIT BAT the full path and name of the file to be edited being passed as a parameter A typical BAT file for this purpose is echo off edit 1 that calls the MSDOS edit program In this case both edit com and qbasic exe must be accessible their location directory must be included in MSDOS PATH When the user requests UVI51 to assemble a source file the batch file ASSEMBLE BA
18. calls the logic analyzer viewer It is active only if a logic analyzer has been defined in the configuration file and a simulation has been successfully carried out previously see appendix Al The viewer shows the chronograms of all the nodes in the system EXIT This button quits the assistant and returns to the operating system In some versions other buttons are included for example DEBUG or TERMINAL In addition if the CNX file is right a table of buttons is shown with the format SOURCES ASSEMBLER OUTPUT filel SRC A gt filel LST file2 SRC A gt file2 LST UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 The buttons in the left column are used to edit the source files in assembly language The buttons in the central column call the assembler on the corresponding source file Finally the buttons in the right column are used to edit the list files generated by the assembler Once a source file is modified and while it is not successfully assembled the associated LST file is shown in gray Even so the LST file can be edited using the button in order to see for example the errors of the last assembly process The following line is shown in the bottom of the screen STATUS MESSAGES The assembler or other utilities show their console messages under this line The same area is also utilized when creating a new CNX file using the NEW button The name of the new file is written there 4 2 Single micro mode When
19. cted to nodes 10 13 and its enable input permanently connected to ground The display will be shown in cell number 5 The enable terminal is placed under de display The 4 data inputs are placed on left and right sides beginning with the LSB in the left up corner and following a counter clock wise sequence Logic Analyzer Only one analyzer can be defined in a CNX file The syntax is Afilename lt tinitial gt lt tfinal gt where filename is the name of the file where the user wants the data logged The parameters tinitial and tfinal indicate the simulator times when the data logging will begin and end respectively The initial time is 0 by default The final time is by default the end of simulation The user can not indicate a final time if the initial time is omitted Data logging is carried out writing to a binary file Data are registered using stamps When any node state changes a stamp is registered Each stamp includes a time value and the 21 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 state of all the nodes defined in the system In order to avoid an unlimited file growth the number of stamps is restricted to 100 000 The equivalent file size depends on the number of nodes in the system and is about 3 Mbytes Would this limit be reached the logging process is ended and the log file closed The analyzer definition can be followed by a set of lines assigning labels to nodes and defining buses Node labels The user can assign la
20. d 28 The following figure depicts the way cells are numbered 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 16 17 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 The following peripherals are available Switch S lt label gt lt common_node gt lt 0_node gt lt l_node gt lt control gt If control gt 0 then switch position is controlled manually by the user from simulator screen If control lt 0 switch position is controlled by the node whose number is the absolute value of control Two examples follow SOFF7101 defines a switch with its terminals connected to OFF re E common to node 7 idle to node 1 pull up to Vdd active to node 0 ground and to be shown in cell number 1 Switch state positioning is accomplished clicking the little button at the bottom right of the cell Label assignment OFF in this example eases switch identification Cgate 7 10 5 defines a switch whose state positioning is determined by node 5 logic level This kind of switches similar to relays or transmission gates are not shown in the simulator system window The current version imposes some restrictions to the use of these switches in order to avoid convergence problems Thus the control node state must not depend on the positioning of other switch not even the same switch In a typical application the control node will be driven directly by a micro port Pushbutton Key K lt label gt lt node_A gt lt node_B gt lt cell gt The pu
21. ith the mouse to toggle The following registers are bit editable e ACC PSW unless parity bit IE IP SCON TCON and TMOD The bit SMOD too e P P1 P2 y P3 external value applied to unconnected pins 6 8 What 8051 configuration is simulated An 8051 with 4 Kbytes of ROM and 2 Kbytes of XRAM is simulated by default This XRAM is connected using only the 11 least significant address lines As a result the external memory map is cyclical being any address ADDR over 2 Kbytes redirected to ADDR amp 7FFh It is worth noting that a real application would connect the external ram via PO and P2 I O ports used as buses In such an application PO loses its early state and must not be used for port purposes P2 changes only momentarily However the simulator neither show the bus activity in ports PO and P2 nor leave PO modified The user must be aware of the restrictions in ports utilization when accessing external data or program memory On the other hand the simulator takes into account P2 state when executing the following instructions movx a r0 movx a rl movx r0 a movx rl a It is also worth noting that the simulator includes 128 bytes of indirect addressable internal RAM not available in the original 8051 but in the 8052 and other derivatives However other 8052 improvements as timer 2 are not implemented The current version simulates serial port in modes 1 and 3 only The simulation is performed at the logic level of
22. k frequency Program memory size ROM External RAM memory size XRAM Appendix A1 includes a detailed description of configuration files syntax 3 Installing UVI51 What is new in version 5 0 This software is supplied as a packed file named UVI51_50 ZIP This ZIP file must be unpacked previously to installation procedure This UVI51 version is a free distribution software However it must be distributed as a whole and no part must be modified UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 All the programs included in UVI51 are MSDOS applications and do not require any special installation The set of files resulting of the unpacking process must be copied into a subdirectory The creation of a work subdirectory for work files system definition files source files etc is suggested but not a must Installation and execution under Microsoft Windows 95 and later versions The best way to start UVI51 under Windows is creating a shortcut to UVI51 EXE the UVIS1 assistant The invocation line must include a full path to the UVI51 directory followed by UVI51 EXE For the use of parameters see section 4 The suggested shortcut properties are PROGRAM Close at exit Change icon UVI51 ICO SCREEN Full screen MISCELLANEOUS Do not use screen saver Low inactive sensitivity New in version 5 0 New simulator graphical interface including windows and buttons The simulator enables now the continuous execution while showing and upda
23. lines P3 0 and P3 1 Thus a serial communication between 2 or more micros can be simulated Furthermore software UARTs can be mixed with the 8051 embedded serial port when simulating serial communications Simulation realism includes the triple sample mechanism of the serial receiver 7 The Logic Analyzer 7 1 Introduction UVI51 includes the possibility of logging chronograms for every node in the system while simulation is performed The user must define a peripheral of type logic analyzer in the CNX file in order to use this feature see appendix A1 section A1 2 15 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 Once a simulation is performed the stored chronograms can be displayed clicking the ANALYZE button which invokes the program GRAF51 EXE called UVI5 logic analyzer This option is not available in single micro mode 7 2 Description The logic analyzer display is an MSDOS application It can be handled using the mouse or the keyboard though some operations require the use of the mouse The figure shows the analyzer screen whose elements are described below oe LL E 1000 0 14000 0 BE amp teur us 1000 0 Data RX Address RRXX LoaD 2 fxX CLK 3 x RTT a TT aT DATA 4 xK my WU my PROG 57x co 36 fx ci 374K LB gt c2 46 xX RD gt C3 647 IK Upp 45 xX Do 10 fx Di 114K D2 12 D3 13 xk D4 14 tabsCus 1000 0 1400 0 1800 0 2200 0 2600 0 3000 0 trel us 0 0 400 0 800 0 1200 0 1600 0
24. name The contacts are closed while the button is pushed Since only one mouse pointer is available 0 only one pushbutton can be pushed at a time Would this be a problem replace pushbuttons with switches E j e Logic test LED diode This peripheral is shown using the LED R symbol When active it is shown lighting The color is red by default but can be defined for each LED in the CNX file T 6 e Hex display 7 segments style with multiplexing capability Active T F i segments are shown in red When the enable node is at 1 no segment i i lights o The CNX file defines the place where every external peripheral is to be shown bas fas i a The system window includes a simulation speed indicator The units are Instructions Per Second The speed can be modified using the and buttons When maximum speed is selected the indicator shows MAX The numeric value is shown in red when the requested speed is greater than the maximum possible for the computer The lower window in blue is called microcontroller window There is a set of subwindows inside each showing information on some different element of the selected micro The micro window header indicates the number 0 to 3 of the micro in the system and the name of its source file Furthermore the header includes 3 buttons and an elapsed time indicator These buttons are Resets the selected micro and clears its RAM Equivalent to c lowercase Reset
25. ore the selected instruction will be the next to be executed e Toggle a breakpoint If the same operation is performed but keeping the shift key depressed a breakpoint is established in or removed from that instruction Breakpoints are shown on a red background e Set a value breakpoint Two editable cells are placed in the right side of the header as shown Stop when RAMC FF gt FF Program execution will stop when the stated condition becomes true The value between brackets indicates a RAM address if less than 80hex or SFR address if greater than 7Fhex This process is named a value breakpoint Only one can be defined at a time The value breakpoint mechanism can be disabled by simply selecting a non existing address with a non reachable value For example RAM FF FF since the FFhex address indicates a non existing SFR with a default value of 0 There is a text search utility in the source code window Click inside the text box to edit the search pattern Click the Find button to start search The search begins at the first line of the current window If a match occurs the window scrolls to show it placed at the first line If the pattern is not found no action takes place Since the window never scrolls down below the end of the program patterns found at the end of the program might not show the match at the first line nov pi 25 Ema stop when Ram lt FF gt fF 12 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 6 3
26. rograms and auxiliary files The main program is the UVIS51 assistant The assistant leads the user through the software development and verification processes The assembler UVIENS51 generates the executable code and the simulator UVISIM51 helps in program verification This programs are specially designed to work together However the user can configure the system to use other commercial assemblers see appendix A2 The next sections show a brief description of the various elements included in UVI51 The present manual is not intended as a guide to 8051 microcontrollers Furthermore a basic knowledge on this family of microcontrollers is needed to follow some parts of the manual UVI51 includes a set of source files that can be used as examples or even as a minimal course on 8051 2 UVI51 operation modes UVI51 can work in two different modes called single micro and multi micro The single micro mode is faster and simpler to use However only one microcontroller can be simulated in this mode Moreover the user can not define external peripherals The multi micro mode is much more powerful The user can define a system composed of up to four micros plus a set of external peripherals as pushbuttons switches LEDs displays and a logic analyzer System definition is accomplished through a system configuration file with the CNX extension In multi micro mode the following parameters can be defined for each micro in the system Cloc
27. ronogram maximum time Equivalent to End key Go back to the beginning of chronogram minimum time Equivalent to Home key Scroll nodes up Equivalent to PgUp key SRE Scroll nodes down Equivalent to PgDn key The bars can be shifted dragging with the mouse or clicking the target position 17 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 Node labels and numbers are shown in the left side followed by their respective search patterns X don t care 0 low level 1 high level In the case of buses the pattern is shown as an hex number X don t care undefined other hex value Section 7 3 indicates how to define and use search patterns The bottom of this window shows two time scales one absolute indicating simulation time and the other relative to the logged data zero for the first logged sample A time cursor is also included This cursor is shown as a vertical dashed line and has an associated time value shown on its upper side The cursor can be moved using the following keys and or button combinations Shift or Shift right arrow key to move cursor to the right Shift or Shift left arrow key to move cursor to the left Shift or Shift End key to move the cursor to the end of window Shift or Shift Home key to move cursor to the beginning of window Cursor can also be dragged using the mouse or moved directly clicking the target position Cursor time is shown by def
28. s the selected micro Equivalent to r lowercase Executes one instruction tracing into subroutines If pushed while shift key is depressed it executes one instruction stepping over subroutines There is a set of subwindows under the header UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 e The RAM window shows the contents of the internal RAM as a table The arrows button switches between the 128 lower and 128 upper indirect bytes It is worth noting that the upper 128 bytes do not exist in the basic 8051 micro Values are shown in hexadecimal The RAM SMB button switches between the just described tabular format and a list of symbols The PgUp and PgDn keys can be used to scroll the list e The XRAM window shows the contents of 16 addresses of the external RAM The arrow buttons are used to scroll the table In order to reach quickly any XRAM address the displayed pointer over blue background can be edited e The Program window shows the contents of program memory Code addresses are shown in the first column while code itself is shown in the second The respective source file lines are shown preceded by a line number O1DA 3098FD 145 jnb RI s Source This button opens a new window called Source window which shows the source code in more detail including the lines that do not generate code as remarks or some directives Equivalent to the key F uppercase Section 6 2 describes source window e CPU window shows
29. s where the first byte will be located The generic JMP and CALL mnemonics are recognized by the assembler The shortest valid jump is selected by the assembler in backward references In forward references the assembler selects always the long alternative The assembler converts the source file into uppercase There are only two exceptions e Comments e Characters between single or double quotes 5 4 Assembler restrictions The following limits have to be observed when using this assembler version The maximum number of symbols is 1000 These include the symbols defined in the UVI51 REG file Source file size is limited by the amount of free conventional memory available for DOS applications As a guideline the maximum number of lines is about 10000 Lines of source code are truncated to 80 characters Symbols and labels are truncated to 31 characters Parameter lists are truncated to 31 characters in both instructions and directives This should be in mind especially when using long DB directives 6 The Simulator This section discusses simulator features and usage 6 1 Main window and basic topics The main features of UVISIMS51 v5 0 are Multimicro systems simulation Graphic user interface Step over trace into and continuous run options SF amp F amp amp amp Unlimited breakpoints Both mouse and keyboard can be used to control the simulator Some options require the use of mouse UVI 51
30. shbutton closes when depressed clicking the button shown in the simulator system window Example 70 KINT 2001 Oo jonr 20 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 defines a pushbutton connected between node 20 and ground The simulator shows the pushbutton in the cell number 1 where the user can depress it using the mouse Binary display LED L lt label gt lt anode_node gt lt cathode_node gt lt cell gt lt color gt The LED lights if anode_node is at logic level 1 and cathode_node at 0 A lightened LED is shown painted with the given color The default color is red The following colors are available red R RxD yellow Y 1 T 6 green G blue B For example LRxD 168 Y defines a LED whose anode is pulled up to Vdd through a resistor and whose cathode is connected to node number 6 The simulator will show it in the cell number 8 The figure depicts the LED lightened using yellow color Hex display H lt node_0 LSB gt lt node_3 MSB gt lt enable gt lt cell gt This display is equivalent to a common cathode 7 segment display preceded by a BIN to HEX decoder If the value applied to node_0 through node_3 inputs is restricted to the range 0 to 9 it can be used as a BCD to 7 segments decoder plus a common cathode display If the enable node is at 1 level the display is blank Thus a multiplexed display can be simulated For example 10 13 1i iz H 1011121305 Oo defines a display with its data inputs conne
31. t FF clr RI clr TI reti bus low mov datbus 0 ret bushigh mov datbus 0ffh ret Proglow clr prog ret proghigh setb prog ret end Click on instruction to jump Shifttclick to enable disable breakpoints UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 The Source window shows the source code in assembly language including instructions directives remarks blank lines etc The next instruction to be executed is marked with the cursor gt The following set of buttons is placed below the header Eem Returns to the default microcontroller window the set of subwindows Equivalent to Esc key aie Scrolls the list up and down Equivalent to the up and down arrow keys Paue Padn Scrolls a whole page up and down respectively Equivalent to the equally named keys Hemef Emaf Moves to the first or last line of the program Equivalent to the keys Home and End The latter 6 buttons are utilized to display the desired program portion leaving the program desynchronized This means the window will not follow program execution and therefore the cursor gt will probably disappear Syuncro This button can be used to resynchronize the window to program execution The following operations can be performed within this window e Jump to instruction Clicking a program line which generates code usually an instruction the program counter is updated with the address of that instruction Theref
32. t without precedences so parenthesis must be used to define the desired precedence The following operators are accepted Add Subtract and also the change sign unary operator Unsigned multiplication Quotient of whole division Remainder of whole division amp Logic AND l Logic OR Logic NOT equivalent to 1 s complement A Exclusive OR lt Shift to left one bit position gt Shift to right one bit position Most significant byte of operand similar to Intels HIGH Least significant byte of operand similar to Intels LOW The evaluation is performed using 16 bit values Negative values are represented in 2 s complement notation The result of an operation is assigned the type that follows The same type as the operand in unary operators When adding or subtracting if one operator is a generic number and the other is not the result is of the same type as the non numeric operator Generic number as if it were defined using the EQU directive in other case 6 UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 When using jump or call instructions the absolute destination address must be indicated usually in the form of a label never a relative distance The assembler computes the relative jump if necessary The special symbol can be used to refer to the current value of program counter Therefore SJMP indicates a jump to itself If a DB directive generates several bytes the symbol stands for the addres
33. ted with the HEX extension containing the absolute code in Intel Hex format The LST file is useful to inspect the errors the assembler can eventually find Moreover the simulator needs this file to correlate source to object code 5 3 Assembly language syntax The source file must be an ASCII file Since UVIENSS1 generates absolute code directly it does not accept some directives commonly used by another assemblers A list of valid directives and formats follows DIRECTIVE FUNCTION ORG expression Updates program counter to the value of expression symbol EQU expression Defines a symbol of type number with the value of expression symbol BIT expression Defines a symbol of type bit address with the value of expression symbol DATA expression Defines a symbol of type direct byte address direct internal RAM with the value of expression symbol IDATA expression Defines a symbol of type indirect byte address indirect internal RAM with the value of expression symbol XDATA expression Defines a symbol of type external byte address external RAM with the value of expression symbol CODE expression Defines a symbol of type code address ROM with the value of expression DB expression Generates a byte of code with the value of expression DB c Generates a byte of code with the value of the indicated character ascii code DB string Generates a byte of code for every charac
34. ter in the string with the value of their ascii codes The backslash must precede single or double quotes to be included inside the string DB a 25 string Generates bytes of code for all the elements in the list DW expression Generates 2 bytes of code with the value of expression the upper byte first END Indicates the end of file not required IF expression If expression evaluates to 0 the following lines are not assembled until the directive ENDIF is found conditional assembly ENDIF Restores the unconditional assembly UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 All the expressions must be absolute and computable at the first pass only backward references are permitted The only exception are the forward reference to labels when using EQU style directives and of course in jump and call instructions The syntax is similar to that used by other assemblers Some examples follow label lt label gt mnemonic parameter_list optional remark lt label gt mnemonic optional remark lt label gt optional remark sremark line without instruction Valid mnemonics are those defined by Intel for 8051 family If two or more parameters are used in one instruction they must be separated by commas If a instruction accepts a numeric parameter a computable expression can be used All expressions are evaluated into numbers in the range 0000h to OFFFFh The evaluation is performed left to righ
35. ting the source code or the embedded peripherals windows These windows let the user to edit values The simulator RAM window has been enhanced to add a new display format as a symbol table The external peripheral display present in older versions has been changed to a much more elaborated and graphical display The new display indicates what nodes each peripheral is connected to A new external peripheral named pushbutton has been added Moreover the old syntax of CNX files has been extended to include peripheral labels Appendix A1 describes this syntax amp New assembler version with a more powerful set of directives In addition this version eliminates some errors found in previous ones The simulator source window can be synchronized or desynchronized to the execution process New Find utility for searching text in the source window Simulation speed is now adjustable 4 The Assistant The assistant is UVI51 s central core The user starts UVI51 calling the assistant from DOS prompt or using a Windows shortcut UVI 51 User s Manual v5 0 One of the following command lines can be used to run the assistant from DOS prompt UVI51 UVIS51 file cnx UVIS51 file sre The first two lines configure UVI51 to work in multi micro mode see section 2 The first line starts the assistant with the NONAME CNX system configuration file while the second employs the indicated file file cnx in this case The
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