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Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User's Guide
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1. Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide www jdsu com go Certifier40G Notice Copyright Part Number Print Date Trademarks Industry Canada Requirements EMC Directive Compliance Every effort was made to ensure that the information in this document was accurate at the time of printing However infor mation is subject to change without notice and JDS Uniphase Corporation JDSU reserves the right to provide an addendum to this document with information not available at the time that this document was created Copyright 2012 JDS Uniphase Corporation All rights reserved JDSU and its logo are trademarks of JDS Uniphase Corporation All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners No part of this guide may be reproduced or transmitted electronically or otherwise without written permission of the publisher 22005928 July 18 2012 JDSU and Certifier40G are trademarks or registered trade marks of JDS Uniphase Corporation in the United States and or other countries This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES 003 Cet appareil num rique de la classe A est conforme la norme NMB 003 du Canada This product was tested and conforms to the EMC Directive 89 336 EEC as amended by 92 31 EEC and 93 68 EEC for electromagnetic compatibility A copy of the Declaration of Conformity is provided with this manual Certifier40G Tier 1 Fi
2. tion or tip Table 2 Safety definitions WARNING Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which if not avoided could result in death or serious injury CAUTION Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which if not avoided may result in minor or moderate injury Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1 1 Features and Benefits lsleue 3 1 2 What s in the kit 2 0 2 0 eee eee 4 Chapter 2 Fiber Testing Basics 5 2 1 Types of Optical Cables Ls 6 2 1 1 Single Mode Cable 6 2 1 2 Multimode Cable 0 0000 eee 6 2 1 2 1 VCSEL vs LED 4 7 2 2 Launch Conditions Lessus 8 2 2 1 Numerical Aperture 0 a 8 2 2 2 Modal Power Distribution MPD 9 2 2 3 Coupled Power Ratio 9 2 2 4 Encircled Flux 00000 eee eee 9 2 2 5 Use of mandrels a 10 2 3 Limits and Standards 10 2 3 1 Premise Cabling Standards 10 2 3 2 Network Standards 00 00 11 2 4 Fiber deployment 000 eee e eee eens 11 2 5 Types of networkS 2000 aaa 11 2 5 1 Ethernet apad AER ERI ARX RES 11 2 5 2 Fiber Channel lille leis sen 12 Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide v Contents 2 6 Permanent L
3. Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 3 Chapter 1 Introduction 1 2 What s in the kit 1 2 What s in the kit NGC 4500 MM2 contains the following Two Multimode modules Two 50 micron reference test cords Two mandrels Figure 1 Multimode Module Kit ap NGC 4500 SM2 contains the following Two single mode modules Two single mode reference test cords Figure2 7 8 Single Mode Module Kit 4 Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide Fiber Testing Basics The topics discussed in this chapter are as follows 2 1 Types of Optical Cables on page 6 e 2 2 Launch Conditions on page 8 e 2 3 Limits and Standards on page 10 2 4 Fiber deployment on page 11 2 5 Types of networks on page 11 2 6 Permanent Link Testing on page 12 2 7 Channel Testing on page 12 e 2 8 Loss Measurement Techniques on page 13 Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 5 Chapter 2 Fiber Testing Basics 2 1 Types of Optical Cables 2 1 Types of Optical Cables 2 1 1 Single Mode Cable 2 1 2 Multimode Cable For optic communication networks two types of cable are used single mode and multimode cables These are characterized by the modes in which the light or optical signal propagates through the cable This also deter mines the maximum possible link lengths of communication Typically used in long haul applications single mode fib
4. Guide Introduction Topics discussed in this chapter include the following 1 1 Features and Benefits on page 3 1 2 What s in the kit on page 4 Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 1 Chapter 1 Introduction The Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits contain all the necessary modules in conjunction with the Certifier40G kit to perform fiber optic network cable certification for loss and length measurements The fiber cabling installation can be certified for various standards including TIA 568 C 3 and ISO 14763 3 for Tier1 testing Two add on kits are available to add fiber test capabilities to an existing Certifier40G copper kit one for single mode and one for multimode certification These kits can be ordered separately The single mode kit NGC 4500 SM2 is used for certifying single mode networks at the wavelengths 1310 nm and 1550 nm The multimode kit NGC 4500 MM2 certifies multimode installations at 850 nm and 1300 nm A Certifier40G copper plus multimode kit is available NGC 4500 MM xx as is a copper plus multimode and single mode kit NGC 4500 MMSM xx Note that xx refers to the country specific power adapters NA UK EU AU Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1 Features and Benefits 1 1 Features and Benefits The Certifier40G is a modular solution This allows you to easily interchange between copper and fiber certificat
5. Screens 18 4 1 1 System Settings When the device is first powered on it will boot to the Setup screens All critical setup items are entered at the local device The Setup screen has three navigation tabs allowing you to configure different settings The Test settings tab lets you setup the Auto Test configu ration including the limits cable type labels for saving results etc The System settings tab allows you to set the system settings like Date Time Auto sleep Auto saving of results in the memory etc The last navigation tab Information in the setup section gives the information like calibration status adapter probe status and type of adapter etc Figure 7 Setup Screens a zn c Most of the settings on the System Settings page are set and forget items that are set once and rarely changed Most of these settings are identical to settings for copper certification testing and are explained in the Certifier40G copper manual One notable exception is the Device Type setting that allows the user to change the local or remote personality of the Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 4 1 2 Test Settings Page 4 1 2 1 Cable and Connector Information Chapter 4 Test Setup 4 1 Setup Screens device For fiber this is useful as tests to loopback can be performed from a local unit If performing loopback testing both units can be configured to be local units allowing for two te
6. Some items to be considered What type of reference is required Should the test be performed head to head or to a loop back Willloss be measured in a single direction on each fiber or in both directions on each fiber bi directional e What type of limit should be set e What is the maximum length the fiber should be The items above are critical to successful testing In addition to these items there are several important but less critical considerations Whois the manufacturer of the cable and components e What is the labeling scheme Whois the operator Whatis the location 3 2 Testing Steps 16 In general once the above considerations are taken into account fiber testing certification consists of the following steps Setup for the test Perform the Auto Test Save the results Export the results to USB Import the results to the reporting software and generate a report Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide Test Setup Topics discussed in this chapter are as follows 4 1 Setup Screens on page 18 4 2 Performing Reference on page 24 Setting up for a certification test is a critical step as it deter mines the overall test configuration pass fail margins as well as many informational items that will appear on the final report Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 17 Chapter 4 Test Setup 4 1 Setup Screens 4 1 Setup
7. at 1550 nm Loss per connector 0 75 dB Loss per splice 0 3 dB For loss associated with length the Certifierd0G measures the length of the fiber system and then applies the slope loss per km For loss per connector and splice the technician must indicate how many connectors and splices are present in the fiber system under test There are four additional connections required to perform a test aconnection at the local device to the local reference jumper aconnection from the local reference jumper to the fiber system under test aconnection from the fiber system under test to the remote reference jumper Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide Appendix A Fiber Reference Methods and Their Impact on Loss Limits Overview aconnection from the remote reference jumper to the remote device The reference method chosen will determine how many of these connectors are included in the loss measurement and in the loss limit Aconn1 Aconn2 fiber system under test Aconn3 Aconn4 Figure 21 Measured Loss without Performing a Reference Fiber System Under Test Donna Note that in the following procedures the reference jumpers used are assumed to be high quality and in good condition beequalin length and relatively short have no end face damage or debris Disconnecting the connection at the transmitter of the Certifier40G after a reference is performed invalidates the reference
8. known to have 4 connectors The user enters 4 connectors and 0 splices e limit due to two jumper reference 0 75 dB Aggnn3 4 connectors at 0 75 dB per connector 3 0 dB limit due to connectors and splices 3 75 dB When performing a test the length is measured and the slope is applied If the fiber is 25 m then at 3 5 dB per 1000 m the maximum loss limit due to fiber length is 0 08 dB This is then added to the limit due to connectors The total Limit 0 75 dB 3 0 dB 0 08 dB 3 83 dB The loss is measured and the margin is calculated Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 43 Appendix A Fiber Reference Methods and Their Impact on Loss Limits Three Jumper Reference Three Jumper Reference Setting the This reference removes the loss at Agonnt Aconn2 Aconn3 Reference Aconn4 from the measurement Figure 26 Three Jumper Reference Setup Aconn2 conn TG Third Test Reference Jumper A connt Loss measurement fiber system under test Limit 2 connector splice length loss for fiber system under test This reference removes any loss at all the connections A third reference jumper is used Just as with the other test jumpers the loss of this short reference jumper will not affect the loss measurement By using a three jumper reference no connector loss is added to the limit Enter any connectors and splices within the fiber system under test 44 Certifier40G Tier 1 Fibe
9. optical cable types 6 overfilled launch 8 Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide P pass fail 3 11 performing reference 24 permanent link testing 12 power distribution mode 9 power ratio coupled 9 R radius cone 8 ratio coupled power 9 reference 21 1 jumper 13 2 jumper 14 3 jumper 14 information 20 performing 24 setting the 13 test cord 4 refractive index 8 registration warranty 35 remote configuration information 20 repair 33 returning equipment 33 S Screens setup 18 Service 32 set reference screen 24 setting the reference 13 setup screens 18 single mode cable 6 kit 2 modules 4 Index site information 20 source information 20 splice information 23 standards for fiber cable 10 steps for testing 16 storage area networks 12 system settings screen 18 T technical assistance 32 test configuration considerations 16 cord reference 4 limits 22 method information 20 Settings screen 18 19 testing channel 12 permanent link 12 steps 16 TIA 526 14A standard 10 526 7 standard 10 568 C 3 standard 10 U underfilled launch 8 V VCSELs 7 9 W warranty 35 wavelengths 7 Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 51 Index 52 Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide Doc 22005928 July 2012 English
10. selected on the System Settings page Selecting Limit provides three choices TIA ISO and Link Validation Figure 13 Limit List F iso S9 Link Validation Link Validation allows the user to enter the maximum accept able overall loss considered acceptable This is useful if wanting to certify a fiber link is capable of carrying a specific technology For example 10GbE over OM3 MM fiber can have a maximum loss of 2 6 dB and maximum distance of 300 meters By selecting Link Validation and entering a value of 2 6 dB any fiber link with a loss greater than 2 6 dB will fail an auto test Both TIA and ISO standard limits can also be chosen Once the standard is selected select the number of connectors and splices to be included in the link Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide Chapter 4 Test Setup 4 1 Setup Screens Figure 14 Setting Connector and Splice Information TIA End Connectors not included in calibration Connectors Or Loss Per Connector dB 0 75 Splices 0 Loss Per Splice dB 0 30 Cable Loss 850nm 3 5 dBiKm Cable Loss 1300nm 1 5 dB Km The number of connectors and splices determines the loss limit for the link as specified by the standard The maximum permissible value for the connector loss is 0 75 dB per connector The maximum permissible value for a splice loss is 0 3 dB Note that local standards and vendor guidelines may tighten these requirements Maximum loss p
11. then the owner should return the equip ment or battery directly to the reseller Instructions for returning waste equipment and batteries to JDSU can be found in the Environmental section of JDSU s web site at Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide www jdsu com If you have questions concerning disposal of your equipment or batteries contact JDSU s WEEE Program Management team at WEEE EMEA jdsu com Laser Safety Dangerous laser radiation Laser radiation can cause irreparable WARNING damage to the eye and skin This device is a Class 1 Laser product according to DIN EN 60825 1 2001 Observe the following instructions when working with this device and laser systems in general Connect all optical fibers before switching on the radiation Source Switch off the radiation source before disconnecting the optical fibers Never look directly into the output of a laser source or into an optical fiber connected to it Always cover unused ports Observe the normal precautions for working with laser radiation and follow any local regulations Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide iii Conventions I5 B This guide uses naming conventions and symbols as described in the following tables Table 1 Symbol conventions This symbol represents a general hazard This symbol represents a risk of electrical shock NOTE This symbol represents a Note indicating related informa
12. 4 Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide Performing Auto Tests Topics discussed in this chapter are as follows e 5 1 Auto Test on page 26 5 2 Saving Results on page 29 e 5 3 Exporting and Printing Results on page 30 Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 25 Chapter 5 Performing Auto Tests 5 1 Auto Test 5 1 Auto Test 5 1 1 Single Direction Auto 26 Test Once the local and remote devices are set up and referenced they can be connected to the fiber to be certified Provided the audio settings have been set to allow for tones to be heard when the local and remote devices are connected together the units will provide an audio signal that they are connected together Pressing the Auto Test button will perform an auto test based on the test settings Single direction and bi direc tional auto tests with remote unit are described in the following sections A single direction auto test does not require any user interven tion after the Auto Test button is pressed While performing an auto test the screen shows relevant information about the test Figure 16 Auto Test in Progress Once complete the devices both local and remote will show the result summary This screen shows overall pass or fail status as well as wavelength margin and length specific pass fail information The number of connectors and splices as defined in the limit setup screens will al
13. JDSU s standard terms and conditions available at www jdsu com terms 6 4 1 Warranty Please register your product at www jdsu com know register registration Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 35 Chapter 6 Customer Services and Warranty 6 4 Warranty Information 36 Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide Fiber Reference Methods and Their Impact on Loss Limits Topics discussed in this appendix are as follows Overview on page 38 One Jumper Reference on page 40 Two Jumper Reference on page 42 Three Jumper Reference on page 44 Conclusion on page 46 Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 37 Appendix A Fiber Reference Methods and Their Impact on Loss Limits Overview Overview 38 When performing Tier 1 fiber certification loss and length the loss of the fiber system under test must be measured and compared to a loss limit to provide a loss margin The loss limit is the maximum allowable loss of the overall system and is based on the following factors Length of the fiber Number of connectors Number of splices Each of the above factors has a loss associated with it Remembering that standards and requirements vary here are generic Telecommunications Industry Association TIA maximums Loss per Km Slope is frequency dependant 3 5 dB km at 850 nm 1 5 dB km at 1300 nm 1 0 dB km at 1310 nm 1 0 dB km
14. Since the connection at the receiver is not glass to glass it can be removed without affecting the reference Any loss associated with the test reference jumpers is negligible Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 39 Appendix A Fiber Reference Methods and Their Impact on Loss Limits One Jumper Reference One Jumper Reference 40 Setting the This reference removes the losses at o4 4 and Agonna Figure 22 One Jumper Reference Setup A Noong connt Loss measurement fiber system under test Aggnn2 Aconn3 Limit A onn2 Aconn3 0 75 dB each connector splice length loss for fiber system under test This reference removes any loss at the connection between the local unit s transmitter and the reference test jumper as well as the loss at the connection between the remote unit s transmitter and the reference test jumper However the loss at the connection from the local reference jumper to the fiber system under test and the connection from the fiber system under test to the remote reference jumper will not be refer enced out Setting a one jumper reference the loss at these two connec tions is automatically added to the loss limit and will be included in the measured loss For an accurate limit enter any connectors and splices within the fiber system under test Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide Appendix A Fiber Reference Methods and Their Impact on Loss Limi
15. asurement fiber system under test Agonn3 Limit A onn3 0 75 dB connector splice length loss for fiber system under test This reference removes any loss at the connection between the local unit s transmitter and a reference test jumper plus the loss at one connection plus a second reference test jumper as well as the loss at the connection between the remote unit s transmitter and the reference test jumper The loss at the second connection that must be present to measure the fiber system under test will not be referenced out By setting a two jumper reference the loss at this one connection is automatically added to the loss limit and will be included in the measured loss For an accurate limit enter any connectors and splices within the fiber system under test Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide Performing the Measurement 850 nm Limit Example Appendix A Fiber Reference Methods and Their Impact on Loss Limits Two Jumper Reference Figure 25 Two Jumper Connector Locations Fiber System Under Test Aconna The losses at Aconn4 Aconn2 Aconn4 are referenced out so the loss measurement is fiber system under test Aconua The limit will be based on the limit settings for connectors and splices plus the slope Loss will be measured and a margin will be calculated Margin is the amount of headroom in dB between the limit and the measured loss The fiber system under test is
16. ber Certification Kits User s Guide i Low Voltage Directive Compliance CE Mark WEEE Directive Compliance This product was tested and conforms to the Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EEC as amended by 93 68 EEC Conformity with this directive is based upon compliance with the harmo nized safety standard EN60950 A copy of the Declaration of Conformity is provided with this manual Instruments of this type comply with all the requirements for affixing the CE Mark This EC Declaration of conformity is prepared in accordance with and for the sole purpose of the Manufacturer s declara tion requirements of the above mentioned Council Directives This product and the batteries used to power the product should not be disposed of as unsorted municipal waste and should be collected separately and disposed of according to your national regulations In the European Union all equip ment and batteries purchased from JDSU after 2005 08 13 can be returned for disposal at the end of its useful life JDSU will ensure that all waste equipment and batteries returned are reused recycled or disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner and in compliance with all applicable national and international waste legislation It is the responsibility of the equipment owner to return equipment and batteries to JDSU for appropriate disposal If the equipment or battery was imported by a reseller whose name or logo is marked on the equipment or battery
17. ce the different modes higher or lower have different behavior inside the fiber the other parameter that determines the performance and quality of medium is mode power distri bution MPD The distribution of optical power in the higher order modes and the lower order modes is known as mode power distribution This phenomenon is one of the primary reasons for non repeatability of loss measurements in multi mode fiber Higher order modes tend to suffer significant losses depending on the length of the fiber and stress on the fiber When many higher order modes are launched there will be a higher variability in loss measurement There is a couple of ways of determining MPD The legacy method is to use the coupled power ratio CPR measurement to determine the quality of launch Coupled power ratio is a way to quantify the amount of power distributed in the tightly coupled modes or the lower order modes The measurement is done by measuring the differ ence between the power coupled to the multimode fiber MMF into an optical receiver against the power coupled through a single mode fiber to the receiver keeping the launch condition similar Since the tightly coupled modes are closer to the center of the core these modes are more likely to pass through a single mode fiber Encircled Flux EF is a measure of the distribution of light in the multimode fiber Typically it is calculated as the amount of light contained within two concentric circl
18. creen 5 2 Saving Results If Auto Save Results in the System Settings page is set to Yes then test results are automatically saved with the next label If Auto Save Results is set to No then the test results must be saved by tapping the Save icon bottom right of screen With Auto Save set to No you have the option to use the next label in the sequence or to edit the label Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 29 Chapter 5 Performing Auto Tests 5 8 Exporting and Printing Results 5 3 Exporting and Printing Results 30 Once all fiber tests are completed the test results can copied to a USB thumb drive included with the Certifier40G kit Simply plug the USB thumb drive into the local unit and you will be prompted to copy the results Refer to the Certifier40G copper manual for details of this process Once test results are on a USB thumb drive they can be imported into Certifier40G Reporter where they can be viewed and printed or exported to PDF Refer to the Certifier40G Reporter User s Guide for details Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide Customer Services and Warranty Topics discussed in this chapter are as follows 6 1 Customer Service Standard Services on page 32 6 2 Technical Assistance on page 32 6 3 Repair Calibration and Upgrades on page 33 6 4 Warranty Information on page 35 This section provides a desc
19. d to be different for multimode and single mode The use of patch cords for launching the optical power into the link and tail cords induces several additional losses in performing the insertion loss measurement These losses need to be referenced out and three methods of referencing are specified in both ISO and TIA standards Appendix A provides detailed information on the various reference methods Setting reference is a way to eliminate the losses associated with the measurement setup thereby reporting only the loss due to the link under test TIA 568C 3 or ISO 14763 3 mandate one of three types of referencing schemes They are referred to as one jumper two jumper or three jumper refer ence schemes For all the referencing schemes please use the reference cords supplied with the kit Various regional field testing standards and best practices documents require a specific referencing method JDSU recommends you consult your local requirements or vendor documentation to deter mine the correct reference method 2 8 1 1 One As the name suggests one jumper reference uses only one Jumper Reference jumper This does not account for the two additional connec tors that are present in the actual measurement and the limit calculation allows for the additional potential loss incurred due to the two additional connectors during the actual measure ment This addition to the limit allows plenty of margin for the link to pass although the actua
20. e Contents 6 3 1 Repair c mere heehee he gabe GUERRA 33 6 3 2 Calibration 00020 22a 33 6 3 3 Factory Upgrades 33 6 3 4 Equipment Return Instructions 33 6 4 Warranty Information lese 35 6 4 1 Warranty registration 35 Appendix A Fiber Reference Methods and Their Impact on Loss Limits 37 Overview olei a ie Sie Dee ee 38 One Jumper Reference aan 40 Setting the Reference aaa 40 Performing the Measurement 41 850 nm Example anaa 41 Two Jumper Reference 2 maa 42 Setting the Reference a sss 42 Performing the Measurement 43 850 nm Limit Example 43 Three Jumper Reference suse 44 Setting the Reference 0000 eae 44 Performing the Measurement 45 850nm Limit Example 45 Conclusion cee od aie AA 46 Glossary 47 Index 49 Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide vii Contents viii Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Multimode Module Kit 202 4 Single Mode Module K
21. el Source Simple Labels gt Operator Ed gt These settings are identical to the choices available for copper testing Please refer to the Certifier40G copper manual for more details These three settings are configured all at once and are critical to correct test results Figure 10 Reference Test Method and Remote Configuration Set Reference One Jumper gt Test Method Single Direction Remote Configuration Remote Unit Tapping on the Set Reference will bring the user to a two screen wizard for setting all three items The first item set is the Test Method with two choices Bi Directional Measure ment or Single Direction Measurement Figure 11 Measurement Direction Measurement Direction Bi Directional Measurement 9 Single Direction Measurement Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide Chapter 4 Test Setup 4 1 Setup Screens Selecting Bi Directional Measurement will result is a two step Auto Test The device will first measure loss on both fibers of the duplex pair in a single direction Local to Remote for fiber one Remote to Local for fiber two The user will then be prompted to swap the reference leads at both ends Loss will then be measured in the opposite direction This type of measurement is not required by most regional and interna tional standards JDSU recommend you check local stan dards or vendor specific instructions to see if this method is required Single Direct
22. er has a core diameter of 9 um Since the core diameter is narrow it allows only a single mode of optical light wave to enter the fiber Depending on the type of fiber used and the applica tions 1310 nm and 1550 nm are most popular wavelengths used for single mode fiber SMF Figure3 Single Mode Fiber f p125 um Light Source oa 9um Multimode fiber MMF cables are used for shorter distances and are less expensive compared to single mode cables The core diameter is typically 50 um though older standards dictate a 62 5 um cross section Since it has a much larger core diameter compared to the single mode fiber more than one mode path of light travels through the cable These multiple modes within the same cable result in certain types of dispersion putting a limitation on the maximum length of the communication channel Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 2 1 2 1 VCSEL vs LED Chapter 2 Fiber Testing Basics 2 1 Types of Optical Cables The optical wavelengths used for communication over multi mode cable are typically 850 nm or 1300 nm depending on the type of cable and the equipment that is used Laser optimized MMF OM3 and OM4 are meant to be used with VCSELs Figure4 Multimode Fiber Light Source a 50 um LEDs and VCSELs are cheaper alternatives to expensive laser diodes as light sources They are part of the reason why multimode deployments are a cheaper alt
23. er kilometer is wavelength specific and not user adjustable The limit for an auto test will be automatically adjusted based on the informa tion entered in this screen and the measured length Only enter the connectors that are not included in the reference setting Refer to Appendix A for more information of reference methods and their impact on limits and loss measurements Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 23 Chapter 4 Test Setup 4 2 Performing Reference 4 2 Performing Reference Once all the settings are complete it is necessary to reference the unit If the auto test button is pressed prior to a reference being performed the user will be prompted to reference the units Alternatively the user can access the reference utility by selecting the tools button on the local unit and clicking on the reference icon Figure 15 Set Reference Icon and initial screen Set Reference The initial reference screen will show the reference connec tivity based on the reference type chosen 1 jumper 2 jumper or 3 jumper Ensure your configuration matches the display and then tap the tick button to start the set reference If connected correctly the device will show the test in progress screen followed by the Set Reference Success screen Note that once the devices have been referenced it is imperative the fibers not be disconnected at the transmitters or the refer ence will no longer be valid 2
24. eria regardless of the nature of construction of the link 2 4 Fiber deployment Fiber cabling is typically deployed in cable links like the back bone network that are often longer than 100 m This could be within a premise which is categorized under as structured cabling This could be an enterprise network data center or building infrastructure They could also be used in long haul networks spanning over a few thousands of miles or longer The Certifier40G only addresses the premise networks segment and is usually not suited for long haul testing 2 5 Types of networks 2 5 1 Ethernet The nature of networks and deployment depend on the appli cation where the fiber cabling is going to be used Two broadly used applications are Ethernet and Fiber Channel This is the most widely used application on either copper or fiber cabling in an Enterprise The standard is defined in IEEE 802 3 The standard keeps evolving over the years and different applications over Ethernet at varying link speeds have been defined Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 11 Chapter 2 Fiber Testing Basics 2 6 Permanent Link Testing 2 5 2 Fiber Fiber channel is a protocol used mainly in Storage Area Channel Networks SANs This standard is developed by ANSI It is mostly based on Point to Point protocol architecture and designed to support massive amounts of data transfer instead of supporting a more interactive networking applica
25. ernative compared to single mode deployments When light travels through multi mode fiber it travels through multiple modes The modes that are close to the center of the fiber are called lower order modes and the modes towards the cladding are called higher order modes The higher order modes get attenuated highly compared to lower order modes The causes of attenuation could be bending of fiber splicing etc Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 7 Chapter 2 Fiber Testing Basics 2 2 Launch Conditions 2 2 Launch Conditions 2 2 1 Numerical Launch condition determines the optical power that gets Aperture coupled from the light source to the fiber The launch condition can be characterized using a mathematical quantity called numerical aperture NA NA can be thought of as the radius of the cone of light that gets coupled into the fiber In other words all the light that is launched within the NA of the optical fiber will go into the fiber and everything outside it will be lost It is also a function of the refractive index of the fiber Figure5 Overfilled Launch 125 um Light Source Pad fi e ii Mrd sl i SQum Figure6 Slightly Underfilled Launch 125 um Light Source 8 Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 2 2 2 Modal Power Distribution MPD 2 2 3 Coupled Power Ratio 2 2 4 Encircled Flux Chapter 2 Fiber Testing Basics 2 2 Launch Conditions Sin
26. es centered on the core of the fiber For instance IEEE 802 3ae specifies an EF template for 10G BASE SR that requires about less than 30 of light to be within 4 5 um around the axis of the fiber and about 86 within 19 um radius Encircled flux provides a repeatable way of measuring loss since the launch is well defined and the higher order modes are mostly removed VCSELs and LEDs alike will comply to EF when used with a mode conditioner device Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 9 Chapter 2 Fiber Testing Basics 2 3 Limits and Standards 2 2 5 Use of mandrels One of the traditional methods of performing mode condi tioning is by the use of mandrels Mandrels induce excessive stress on the multimode fiber under test This excessive stress results in filtering of the higher order modes Use of mandrels has proven to provide repeatable launch conditions for multimode cabling and is a requirement for testing multimode cabling according to the standards Mandrels are specific to the type of multimode cabling used 62 5 um or 50 um 2 3 Limits and Standards 10 2 3 1 Premise Cabling Standards For testing installed cabling the standards can be broadly classified into cabling standards and network standards The cabling standards focus more on the physical quality of the cabling and network standards focus on the applications that run on the cabling There are two major standardization bodies in cert
27. fication loss and length are measured and compared to a limit to determine pass or fail The loss limit is partially determined by the chosen reference method When using the JDSU Certifier40G for Tier 1 fiber certifica tion local standards and vendor recommendations dictate which of the three reference methods is most appropriate Depending on the reference method chosen additional connectors may need to be added to connect to the fiber system under test The maximum allowed loss for these connectors is automatically added to the loss limit The user needs to enter any additional connectors or splices when setting up the limit The final factor for determining the overall loss limit is the maximum loss permitted for the length of the fiber The Certifier40G measures the length of the fiber and then applies the standard slope to the loss limit The overall loss limit losses defined for the connectors required due to the refer ence method connectors and splices set in limit slope loss The Certifier40G measures the loss each fiber of the overall fiber system under test applies the loss limit shows the margin and indicates if the fiber system under test passed or failed the limit Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide Glossary C coupled power ratio A way to quantify the amount of power distributed in the tightly coupled modes or the lower order modes The measurement is done by mea
28. he same rigorous standards as newly manufactured equipment This ensures products meet all published specifications including any applicable product updates JDSU s calibration methods are ISO approved and based on national standards JDSU recommended factory calibration interval of this product is 12 months The stated confirmation interval shall be regarded as a recommendation The real defi nition of the confirmation interval should be made by the user The type of application and the environmental conditions should be taken into account Contact a JDSU service center or customer service in your region regarding calibration Any unit returned for a hardware feature enhancement will also receive applicable product updates and will be thor oughly tested ensuring peak performance of the complete feature set Please contact your regional Technical Assistance Center to get a Return or Reference Authorization to accompany your equipment For each piece of equipment returned for repair attach a tag that includes the following information Owner s name address and telephone number Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 33 Chapter 6 Customer Services and Warranty 6 3 Repair Calibration and Upgrades 34 The serial number if applicable product type and model Warranty status If you are unsure of the warranty status of your instrument contact Technical Assistance Adetailed description of the pr
29. ical 8 assistance technical 32 auto test 3 21 benefits 3 bi directional 21 C cable deployment 11 information screen 19 types optical 6 calibration 33 Certifier40G benefits 3 channel testing 12 cone radius 8 connector information 23 connector information screen 19 contents 4 copper 2 cord reference test 4 core diameter 6 coupled power ratio 9 CPR 9 customer service 32 D deployment fiber 11 diameter core 6 Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 49 Index 50 direction measurement 21 distribution mode power 9 E encircled flux 9 equipment return 33 Ethernet 11 excessive stress 10 F factory upgrades 33 fiber 6 fiber channel 12 fiber deployment 11 flux encircled 9 laser optimized fiber 7 launch overfilled 8 underfilled 8 LEDs 7 9 light source 7 limits test 22 link validation 22 loopback 21 loss measurement techniques 13 lower order modes 7 9 H help 32 higher order modes 7 9 IEEE 8023ae standard 11 index refractive 8 information screen 18 19 inspect before you connect IBYC 12 ISO IED 11801 standard 10 mandrel 4 10 measurement direction 21 mode power distribution 9 modes 7 modules 4 MPD 9 multimode cable 6 kit 2 modules 4 K kits certification 2 L laser diode 7 N NGC 4500 MM2 4 NGC 4500 SM2 4 numerical aperture 8 O OM3 7 22 OM4 7 operator information 20
30. ifying installed fiber cabling in premise networks The ISO IEC orga nization maintains the ISO IEC 11801 standard EIA TIA maintains the TIA 568 C 3 standard Tier 1 certification of fiber involves testing the insertion loss of the installed links and link length measurements The installed plant is then certified to be compliant against a standard The limits for determining Pass Fail criteria for fiber cabling in premise networks come from TIA 568 C 3 standard or the ISO 11801 standard For ISO standard the limits are defined in an auxiliary document specifically for fiber known as the ISO 14763 3 standard Like wise the test methodologies for the TIA standard are defined in the TIA 526 7 document for single mode fiber and the TIA 526 14A for multimode fiber Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide Chapter 2 Fiber Testing Basics 2 4 Fiber deployment 2 3 2 Network The network standards are application specific standards Standards mostly derived from the IEEE standards for Ethernet Networks and ANSI standards for Storage Area Networks like Fiber Channel The loss limit specification in network limits is unlike the premise cabling standard The network limits do not take into account the number of connectors splices or the length of the link into consideration while arriving at the loss budget and hence the margins for clearance from the limit They require and end end loss measurement and calculate the PASS FAIL crit
31. ink Testing 12 2 7 Channel Testing esleslessees 12 2 8 Loss Measurement Techniques 13 2 8 1 Setting Reference 0 0000 13 2 8 1 1 One Jumper Reference 13 2 8 1 2 Two Jumper Reference 14 2 8 1 3 Three Jumper Reference 14 Chapter 3 Getting Started 15 3 1 Test Configurations L l u 16 3 2 Testing Steps slesllsles sss 16 Chapter 4 Test Setup 17 4 1 Setup Screens 00 cece eee eee 18 4 1 1 System Settings 0 18 4 1 2 Test Settings Page 19 4 1 2 1 Cable and Connector Information 19 4 1 2 2 Site Source and Operator 20 4 1 2 3 Reference Type Test Method and Remote Configuration 0 2 llle 20 4 1 2 4 Test Limits 22 4 2 Performing Reference sees 24 Chapter 5 Performing Auto Tests 25 OW AUTO Test cle deer E eeu rv eure 26 5 1 1 Single Direction Auto Test 26 5 1 2 Bi Direction Auto Test 28 5 2 Saving Results a 29 5 3 Exporting and Printing Results 30 Chapter 6 Customer Services and Warranty 31 6 1 Customer Service Standard Services 32 6 2 Technical Assistance esses 32 6 3 Repair Calibration and Upgrades 33 vi Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guid
32. ion and reuse the base unit Both multimode and single mode kits may be ordered separately which allows you to choose the kit that meets your requirements The user interface is highly intuitive and very user friendly It allows easy access to all operations within a couple of clicks This increases the productivity tremendously and some of the complex certification jobs such as bi directional testing can be easily performed through precise guidance on the device without having to remember the steps and stages of testing One of the biggest advantages of using the Certifier40G optical solution is the ability to re configure the remote unit to a local unit This is especially beneficial when performing loopback testing In the case of loopback testing a single unit is sufficient to complete the certification With the remote unit now configured as local essentially you will have two units to perform certification independently This reduces the time to finish the job by half Certifier40G is the fastest fiber certification tool in the market today It performs Auto Test within 8 seconds The optical loss budget calculation is completely automated and the limit is adjusted accordingly based on the information about number of connectors and splices entered This eliminates the neces sity to calculate limits on different links based on length and the connectors involved Pass Fail information is readily avail able with the click of a button
33. ion measurement is a single step auto test with loss of each fiber of the duplex pair being measure in a single direction Local to Remote for fiber one Remote to Local for fiber two Once the Measurement Direction is selected the next screen allows the user to select the reference method and if a remote unit is used or if a loopback test is being performed Figure 12 Reference and Loopback 79 March 2012 23 Ramate LoopBack Remate Lina Touch ther diagram te select thu type of Corfaps ation Loopback testing is performed without a remote unit The fiber pair must be manually looped at the far end Loss and length are then measured from the local unit Note that this test method may not be considered valid depending on local stan dards or vendor requirements Tests with remote units require the remote unit to be connected at the far end For either remote loopback or remote unit the three reference methods Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 21 Chapter 4 Test Setup 4 1 Setup Screens 4 1 2 4 Test Limits 22 are presented Note that changing these setting requires the units be re referenced After choosing one of the six options the unit will return to the test settings page Setting the test limits determines the pass fail limit and is crit ical to correct certification of fiber runs There are two settings Limit and Length Limit Length Limit is set in the unit of measurement feet or meters
34. it 4 Single Mode Fiber 0 00000eeeeee 6 Multimode Fiber eee eeee 7 Overfilled Launch 0 0000 c eee eee 8 Slightly Underfilled Launch 00 8 Setup Screens 2 ees 18 Cable and Connector Information 19 Site Source and Operator 0005 20 Reference Test Method and Remote Configuration 20 Measurement Direction 2 20 Reference and Loopback 21 LUMI IS tics serene eio cem MYA E dg Rae 22 Setting Connector and Splice Information 23 Set Reference Icon and initial screen 24 Auto Test in Progress aaa 26 Auto Test Summary Results 27 Auto Test Detailed Results 27 Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide ix Figures Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 Figure 23 Figure 24 Figure 25 Figure 26 Figure 27 Bi Direction Auto Test Step 2 Prompt 28 Bi Direction Auto Test Summary Screen 29 Measured Loss without Performing a Reference 39 One Jumper Reference Setup 40 One Jumper Connector Locations 41 Two Jumper Reference Setup 42 Two Jumper Connector Locations 43 Three Jumper Reference Setup 44 Three Jumper Connector Locations 45 Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s
35. l loss measurement will be higher than either the two jumper or the three jumper refer ence Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 13 Chapter 2 Fiber Testing Basics 2 8 Loss Measurement Techniques 2 8 1 2 Two The limit calculation accounts for one additional connector Jumper Reference because of its inclusion in the reference setting 2 8 1 3 Three This is the most stringent reference setting specified in the Jumper Reference standard Since the reference is set according to actual 14 deployment no additions to the limit are allowed during the calculation of pass fail margins Though this is meantto be the most accurate way of testing the link the errors due to the variations from connector to connector can result in a good link to be incorrectly displayed as Fail Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide Getting Started The topics discussed in this chapter are as follows 9 1 Test Configurations on page 16 e 3 2 Testing Steps on page 16 The Certifier40G can be operated completely through the touch screen The user interface is very intuitive and most of the functions can be accomplished by less than three touches from any screen Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 15 Chapter 3 Getting Started 3 1 Test Configurations 3 1 Test Configurations Before beginning to certify a fiber installation it is important to know how you want to test
36. oblem or service requested The name and telephone number of the person to contact regarding questions about the repair The return authorization RA number US customers or reference number European Customers If possible return the equipment using the original shipping container and material If the original container is not avail able the unit should be carefully packed so that it will not be damaged in transit when needed appropriate packing mate rials can be obtained by contacting JDSU Technical Assis tance JDSU is not liable for any damage that may occur during shipping The customer should clearly mark the JDSU issued RA or reference number on the outside of the package and ship it prepaid and insured to JDSU Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide Chapter 6 Customer Services and Warranty 6 4 Warranty Information 6 4 Warranty Information JDSU guarantees that its products will be free of all defects in material and workmanship This warranty extends for the period of 12 months for test instruments and 3 months for cables from date of manufacture or purchase proof of purchase required All products deemed defective under this warranty will be repaired or replaced at JDSU s discretion No further warran ties either implied or expressed will apply nor will responsi bility for operation of this device be assumed by JDSU The provision of hardware services and or software are subject to
37. r Certification Kits User s Guide Performing the Measurement 850nm Limit Example Appendix A Fiber Reference Methods and Their Impact on Loss Limits Three Jumper Reference Figure 27 Three Jumper Connector Locations Fiber System Under Test A conn The losses at Agonn1 Aconn2 Aconn3 Acomna are referenced out so the measurement is the fiber system under test only The limit will be based on the limit settings for connectors and splices plus the slope Loss will be measured and a margin will be calculated Margin is the amount of headroom in dB between the limit and the measured loss The fiber system under test is known to have 4 connectors The user enters 4 connectors and 0 splices limit due to three jumper reference 0 0 dB 4connectors at 0 75 dB per connector 3 0 dB limit due to connectors and splices 3 0 dB When performing a test the length is measured and the slope is applied If the fiber is 25 m then at 3 5 dB per 1000 m the maximum loss limit due to fiber length is 0 08 dB This is then added to the limit due to connectors The total Limit 0 0 dB 3 0 dB 0 08 dB 3 08 dB Theloss is measured and the margin is calculated Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 45 Appendix A Fiber Reference Methods and Their Impact on Loss Limits Conclusion Conclusion 46 Certifier40G can be used to perform Tier 1 fiber certification In Tier 1 fiber certi
38. ription of customer services available through JDSU including returns policies and procedures and warranty information Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 31 Chapter 6 Customer Services and Warranty 6 1 Customer Service Standard Services 6 1 Customer Service Standard Services Customer Service accompanies the sale of every JDSU product Customer Service services include Technical Assistance Business Hour Instrument Repair Under Warranty Repair Calibration Services and Upgrade Services Immediate Return Authorizations 6 2 Technical Assistance Expert business hour technical support is included with your product Please reach the technical support organization in your region North America 1 855 ASK JDSU 855 275 5378 Europe the Middle East amp Africa 49 7121 86 1345 E mail nettechsupport jdsu com 32 Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide Chapter 6 Customer Services and Warranty 6 3 Repair Calibration and Upgrades 6 3 Repair Calibration and Upgrades 6 3 1 Repair 6 3 2 Calibration 6 3 3 Factory Upgrades 6 3 4 Equipment Return Instructions Our service centers provide repair calibration and upgrade services for JDSU equipment JDSU understands the impact of equipment down time on operations and is staffed to ensure a quick turnaround Available services include the following All equipment returned for service is tested to t
39. so be shown Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide Chapter 5 Performing Auto Tests 5 1 Auto Test Figure 17 Auto Test Summary Results KB CO 2345 Tapping on either of the wavelengths on either the local or remote device will show details such as loss limit and margin for each fiber Note that Fiber 1 is from the local trans mitter to the remote receiver and Fiber 2 is from the remote transmitter to the local receiver Figure 18 Auto Test Detailed Results Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 27 Chapter 5 Performing Auto Tests 5 1 Auto Test 5 1 2 Bi A bi direction auto test is a two step process and requires the Direction Auto test leads to be swapped at both the local and remote ends Test before the second step The user interface pauses after step 1 prompts for the leads to be swapped and requires the user to tap the Step 2 image Figure 19 Bi Direction Auto Test Step 2 Prompt After Step 1 complete please Swap the Fiber connections After the Bi Direction Auto Test is complete the summary screen is shown Tapping on either of the wavelengths on either the local or remote device shows details such as loss limit and margin for each fiber in each direction Local to Remote Remote to Local 28 Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide Chapter 5 Performing Auto Tests 5 2 Saving Results Figure 20 Bi Direction Auto Test Summary S
40. sters to be active at one time Note this setting will remain active if the copper modules replace the fiber modules The test settings page is the most critical page as it defines the test configuration and certification limits It also contains several informational settings that will be addressed first Four settings identify the type of cable connector and modal bandwidth Figure 8 Cable and Connector Information Cable Manufacturer Generic MMF gt I Cable Name OM3 gt Modal Bandwidth 2000 MHz km gt Connector Name MMLC LJ Selecting cable manufacture displays the database of avail able cables that can be selected Generic cable settings are also available This setting will also determine the Cable Name Modal bandwidth is a characteristic of multimode fiber that determines the information capacity or the bit rate of the fiber No actual measurement is carried out for this setting and it is for information only Connector Name provides a list of connectors that can be selected Again this is informational only Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 19 Chapter 4 Test Setup 4 1 Setup Screens 4 1 2 2 Site Source and Operator 4 1 2 3 Reference Type Test Method and Remote Configuration 20 Three settings are critical to properly reporting the certification test results These are Site Label Source and Operator Figure9 Site Source and Operator Site JDSU gt Lab
41. suring the differ ence between the power coupled to the multimode fiber MMF into an optical receiver against the power coupled through a single mode fiber to the receiver keeping the launch condition similar E encircled flux a measure of the distribution of light in the multimode fiber Typically it is calculated as the amount of light contained within two concentric circles centered on the core of the fiber margin The amount of headroom between the limit and the measured loss Margin is measured in dB mode power distribution A measure of the performance and quality of medium caused by behavioral differences of modes higher order modes and lower order modes inside the fiber O OM3 OM4 These are types of multimode optical fiber gener ally used for communication over short distances These fibers have a core size of 62 5 um and a cladding diameter of 125 um Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 47 Glossary 48 S slope Loss per kilometer This is a frequency dependant value V VCSEL A Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser is a light source that is used as a cheaper alternative to laser diodes Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide Index Numerics 1 jumper reference 13 10GBe 22 1300 nm 7 1310 nm 2 6 1550 nm 2 6 2 jumper reference 14 3 jumper reference 14 850 nm 2 7 A aperture numer
42. tions 2 6 Permanent Link Testing From a testing perspective the fiber link deployments are classified as Permanent Links and Channels The permanent links as the name implies will have little vari ability after installation in terms of link construction This would mean no additional patch cords will be added or removed from the link or no part of the link is replaced during the course of operation Once a permanent link is certified for Tier1 there is very little that can go wrong through the course of time since the physical infrastructure remains the same Note this assumes proper inspect before you connect IBYC processes are followed 2 7 Channel Testing Channel testing is an end end testing and provides insight into the loss as seen by the network equipment Channel testing will take into consideration all of the movable cabling involved such as the patch cords cross connects etc The channel results are more variable over the course of time depending on the changes that link undergoes 12 Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide Chapter 2 Fiber Testing Basics 2 8 Loss Measurement Techniques 2 8 Loss Measurement Techniques 2 8 1 Setting Reference The basic principle of optical loss measurement is fairly straight forward It requires the use of appropriate light source illuminating the fiber under test and a power meter at the other end to measure the loss of fiber The light sources nee
43. ts One Jumper Reference Performing the Figure 23 One Jumper Connector Locations Measurement 850 nm Example Fiber System Under Test A conn The losses at A onn1 and Acgonng are referenced out so the loss measurement is Aconn2 Fiber System Under Test Agonn3 The limit will be based on the limit settings for connectors and splices plus the slope Loss will be measured and a margin will be calculated Margin is the amount of headroom in dB between the limit and the measured loss The fiber system under test is known to have 4 connectors The user enters 4 connectors and 0 splices limit 1 5 AB Aggnn2 Aconn3 4connectors at 0 75 dB per connector 3 0 dB limit due to connectors and splices 4 5 dB When performing a test the length is measured and the slope is applied If the fiber is 25 m then at 3 5 dB per 1000 m the maximum loss limit due to fiber length is 0 08 dB This is then added to the limit due to connectors The total limit is 1 5 dB 3 0 dB 0 08 dB 4 58 dB Loss is measured and margin is calculated Certifier40G Tier 1 Fiber Certification Kits User s Guide 41 Appendix A Fiber Reference Methods and Their Impact on Loss Limits Two Jumper Reference Two Jumper Reference 42 Setting the This reference removes the losses at A onn1 Aconn2 Aconn4 Reference from the measurement Figure 24 Two Jumper Reference Setup A conn2 A Aconna connt Loss me
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