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User's Guide to WinOSPM

1. Fig C 1 Flow diagram illustrating the file directory structure in WinOSPM WinOSPM Application Path Data 116 WinOSPM Application Path is the name of the directory where the WinOSPM program is installed In the following we will refer to this directory as AppPath Data is the name of the sub directory where all the pre defined data files are located In the following we will refer to this sub directory as Data The Data sub directory has three sub directories Emission Traffic and MetBack Emission Shared National Country Code Traffic National Country Code MetBack Lists National Country Code The Emission sub directory to which we will in the following refer as Emission is furthermore divided into two sub directories Shared and National All pre defined files with expressions for vehicle emission factors expressions for cold start correction and mileage correction are as default located in the Shared sub directory These files are not country specific The National sub directory consists of several at least one Country Code folders to which we will refer as CountryCode folders Country specific data on fuel composition are located in the CountryCode folder The Traffic sub directory to which we will in the following refer as Traffic has only one sub directory National This sub directory contains traffic related files and all traffic related files are country spec
2. VanGasolineNOX emi VanGasolineCO emi VanGasolineVOC emi VanGasolinePM10 emi VanGasolineNOX ccr VanGasolineCO ccr VanGasolineVOC ccr VanGasolinePM10 ccr MileageDK_1999 xls VanGasoline VanGasolineNOX mcr VanGasolineCO mcr VanGasolineVvoC mcr VanDiesel Vans Diesel 1 Vans FleetShareDK_1999 xls VanDiesel VanDieselNOX emi VanDieselCO emi VanDieselVOC emi VanDieselPM10 emi VanDieselNOX ccr VanDieselCO ccr VanDieselVOC ccr VanDieselPM10 ccr nn nn nn nn nn own Wanenlesistoulisarat 5 rE ALU aO e A EE aan FleetShareDK_1999 xls TRC1Gasoline TRC1GasolineNOX emi TRC1GasolineCcO emi TRC1GasolineVOC emi TRC1GasolinePM10 emi nn nn nn ome nn nn nn nn nn nn WAnR CHDsueyerS IL Mutieioyel eal Mipalacreul 2r Wariebyelydsy Taen FleetShareDK_1999 xls TRC1Diesel TRC1DieselNOX emi TRC1DieselCO emi TRC1DieselVOC emi TRC1DieselPM10 emi nn nn nn one f nn nn nn nn nn nn piade ae Ae eA KTE A La AE A PR T 1 Ee a a Te a AE A FleetShareDK_1999 xls TRC2Diesel TRC2DieselNOX emi TRC2DieselCO emi TRC2DieselVOC emi TRC2DieselPM10 emi nn nn nn oman nn nn nn nn nn nn BusDiesel Buses Diesel 2 Buses FleetShareDK_1999 xls BusDiesel BusDieselNOX emi BusDieselCO emi BusDieselVOC emi BusDieselPM10 emi
3. te _ Variable List day HERI year hour Dz Dummy variable not used Benzene concentration urban background Benzene concentration measured side 1 of the stree Benzene concentration measured side 2 of the stree Benzene concentration rural background Scaling List K CO concentration urban background 4 obs_ CO concentration measured side 1 of the street CO concentration measured side 2 of the street E CO concentration rural background Load Saved List g cloud cover Load from Project Save Variable List L4 Fig 9 3 A list with all available variable names is shown in a separate window when the Show Variables button is activated If the input file contains a file header the first line of the file provides the names of file columns this file header can be shown too For this press the View File Header button Fig 9 4 Wj Format File D Win0SPM Working JAGT_99 xls JAGT_99 Help Variable List Ic Month Year Hour Scaling List w Load Saved List Show Variables Load from Project Save Variable List Week_day Wind_ Fig 9 4 The File Header window provides hints on variables in the input file Note that the file header needs not to be identical with the actual variable list It should only be used as help for defining the variable list see Fig 9 2 The contents of the file can be viewed but no
4. MultiStreets CPHStreetsN ew str V List File D Lists National DK WehiclesD K_2000 vif F List File D WinO SPM Lists National DK Fuels_1999 l Average Diunal Traffic File paper fe Average Daily Traffic fo Gothersgade tf A a Travel Speed km h j Ou tpu THISE City Size inhabitants gt 500 000 X Hourly Output Files ig a ove File m Down m Street Data r Concentration Units Input Output Name Gothersgade NOX ppb ugr NO ppb pgn e Height 15m N02 ppb warn Statistics and other 03 b Hit Width 20m co ae Raed ut O 3 3 Benzene ppb pgn Orientation 115 deg PM10 ugm pgr View Format i it Calculating street 4 out of 11 Emted Lompounds Aad File Remove File Change File TTT TT r Date and hour za Help Stop Continue Fig 14 10 The main Calculation Window for a Multi Streets Project When the calculations are started a progress bar shows the number of the currently calculated street The name of the street appears in the Street Data frame The results can be shown in two ways This is controlled by the two options buttons in the Show Results frame Fig 14 11 If the option button Max only is selected the results are shown as maximum concentrations for both sides of the street If the option button Both Sides is selected the results are shown separately for each of the two sides of the street When the mouse cursor is
5. The concentrations labelled Street Modelled are the calculated concentrations in the street They include the contribution from the traffic in the street and the contribution from the urban background The concentrations labelled Background indicate the concentrations in the urban background and represent concentrations away from the street e g at roof top level The user can save the results in a file and view the results later Use the File Save menu or the Save button to save the results Fig 10 1 To open and view a previously saved results file use File Open or the Open button Fig 10 1 To retrieve the saved results from the Calculations window use the menu File Open Saved Results File Single Street Fig 4 8 It s possible to shift quickly between several opened Result files This can be done using the Window menu Fig 10 1 Window displays a list of all currently opened files To view a file from the list click on the appropriate item Note The opened files remain in the Window list only until the Result window is not closed Next time the Results window is reopened from the Calculation window the list will contain only the last Result file It is however necessary to close the Result window in order to revert to the Calculation window The currently viewed Result Table can be printed using File Print menu or the Print button In the Printer dialog the user can specify
6. The present User s Guide is a first version and it is intended to be further elaborated in the future From most windows in the OSPM program the user has access to help under the menu Help It gives access to the entire help text choose Contents or Index and to the User s Guide in PDF format There is a number of ways to access Help besides the menu Help e Insome windows a Help button is available providing help relevant for that particular window e Insome windows a question mark 2Iis displayed in the upper right corner of the window Clicking it will put the window in Help Mode with context sensitive help to the items in the window e Inone specific window the Calculation window which is the central window of the entire program a right click will trigger a similar feature Right clicking activates the What s This banner and a left click on What s This leads to an explanation of an item Note that within Help for some windows there is a Help topic called Items in the XXX window with a clickable map of the window A Glossary is available from the page with Help Contents available by selecting menu Help Contents It is possible to open and read the present User s Guide in an electronic format PDF format under the menu Help User s Guide in PDF format This Guide deals only with matters that concern application of the computer software and the required data The physical principles of OSPM and the cri
7. AppPath Data Traffic National CountryCode CountryMetBackPath refers to the directory AppPath Data MetBack National CountryCode In the following all the mentioned directory names will also be referred to as Default Directories For all user defined hourly output files as well as statistics and daily averages output files the following rules apply If the file name is given without specification of the directory path the file location is assumed to be the Working Directory i e the directory that was specified when creating a new project or the directory where the project file osp is located For input files the following rules apply If the name of an hourly input file is given without specification of the directory path the file location is assumed to be the Working Directory i e the directory that was specified when creating a new project or the directory where the project file osp is located If the name of an hourly input file is preceded with the file location is assumed to be CountryMetBackPath If the name of a traffic file with diurnal traffic data is given without specification of the directory path the file location is assumed to be the Working Directory i e the directory that was specified when creating a new project or the directory where the project file osp is located If the name of a traffic file with diurnal traffic data is preceded with the file location is a
8. Hourly Averages Running Averages Daily Averages p peie nih Hichest E 175 E Allow independent definition of nth Highest Save values and Percentiles Restore Help Close Fig 3 3 The Edit Percentiles window is used to add delete or edit the list of percentiles that can potentially be used in program calculations Here the term Percentiles refers as well to percentiles calculated as a fraction of all available data as to the n th highest value of the available data Three types of percentiles can be calculated by the program e Hourly Averages refer to percentile values calculated from the hourly averages e Running Averages refer to the percentiles calculated from the 8 hours running averages e Daily Averages refer to the percentiles calculated from daily averages 24 hours Percentile values must be defined in the Percentile List in order to be used in the Limit Values settings How to add delete or edit the Percentiles in the Percentiles List is explained in the on line Help Limit Values The list of Limit Values can be edited using this menu item Fig 3 4 The Limit Values List provides the values of the Limit Values defined for selected pollutants These values are displayed in the automatically generated default output files 13 xi No2 7 ng m Hourly Averages Running Averages Daily Averages Restore _ Limit Value Title lAnnualAverage
9. Running Averages JV Calculate Percentiles rm Set Conditions g Show as go Show as Percentage n Highest of Available Data NOX NO NO2 03 co Benzene PM10 None io g C o Modelled only C b O O C Measured only s C 2 c Both C C C C Reset OK Cancel Help Fig 12 3 Property sheet Hourly Percentiles The user may omit calculation of percentiles and may exclude selected pollutants from the calculations It s also possible to define here whether the percentile values should be shown as the fraction of the available data or as the n Highest value a Checkbox Calculate Percentiles Percentiles of hourly mean concentrations are calculated only if the checkbox is selected Option buttons Show as These option buttons refer to the standard Results Summary Table 73 If the available data covers exactly one year 8760 hours it does not matter which of the two option buttons is selected Otherwise there is a difference between the two Show as Percentage of Available Data Percentile values are shown in the standard Summary Results Table as percentage of the available data Show as n Highest Values are shown an n th highest concentration regardless the number of the available data Checkboxes for compounds The grid of checkboxes allows the user to select pollutants for which hourly percentiles should be calculated Furthermore the user can specify whether hourly percenti
10. stat is the statistical parameter such as the annual average a percentile of hourly or daily averages a percentile of running 8 hours averages Percentiles can refer either to a certain fraction of the observed calculated values or to the nth highest value The actual definition of percentiles calculated by the program is given in the Percentiles Definition List PercDef lst which depends on the actual Country setting Additionally the stat parameter can also refer to the number of observations model calculations only that were processed to provide the specific statistical value POL is one of the pollutants included in the calculations type can be _b urban background _mod modelled side is stil side 1 of the street 2 side 2 of the street The resulting file will contain in the first column the name of the street and in the following columns the values of the statistical variables according to the specifications given by the column variables As in the case of the other statistical variables omitting the side parameter will result in output of the highest value for both sides of the street Additional variables that can be specified for the multi streets output files are X co ordinate of the middle of the street next to the receptor point Y co ordinate of the middle of the street next to the receptor point X_coordinate Y_coordinate StreetHeight Average building
11. 2 eewl 4525 01 0 24 0 526 0 0085 V 0 0000854 V 2 Gos s201 0 24 0 666 0 009 V 0 0000755 V 2 EURO IV 3 ogreli slt 0 13 0 5595 0 01047 V 0 000108 Vv 2 eeo 1 4 2 01 0 13 0 526 0 0085 V 0 0000854 Vv 2 ToO SAn OUEN 0 13 0 666 0 009 V 0 0000755 V 2 8 4 Cold start correction expression files All the files with expressions for cold start correction factors used by WinOSPM are text ASCII files The files will normally have the extension ccr and as a standard located in the directory AppPath Data Emission Shared where AppPath is the path of WinOSPM on the local drive as specified during installation of the software If wanted the location can be changed by the user As an example a listing of expressions for cold start corrections for NO emission factors of gasoline passenger cars is given in Listing 8 5 The files can be edited by any text editor but a special editing software is provided with WinOSPM The program EmiFact can be used both for editing and graphical visualisation of the vehicle emission factors This software can be used as a stand alone program or can be invoked from WinOSPM The structure of cold start correction files is exactly the same as that of emission factor expression files and will not be discussed any further The presence of these files is however not mandatory Also expressions for s
12. Cancel Fig 11 2 Dialog box appearing after clicking the button View Format The field Variable List has to be filled in while the field Format List usually can be left unchanged The field Variable List has to be filled in while the field Format List may be left unchanged with an asterix All the rules and help options for creating the Variable List described in Chapter 9 for the hourly input files apply also for the hourly output files However the View File Header option is not available Leave the dialog box Format file by pressing the OK button Now calculations can be initiated with a click on Run At the end of calculations the user can view the data in the output file Close the window Summary of Results which is automatically displayed after calculations Mark the newly created file e g Storegade_hourly txt and click on the button View Format or just double click on the file name The same dialog box as before is shown Fig 11 2 Click the View File button to view the file 11 2 Output files with statistics The approach is similar to the one outlined above but in the Calculation window Statistics and other should be selected instead of Hourly Output Files However the options are different when the variable list is specified Fig 11 3 It is possible to define columns and rows in a table In the example shown the average the max hourly and 98 hourly percentile value will be outp
13. Help County Denmark 7 pi Storegade Scenario Year TEMS Input Data and Files Accept calculations without Vv Set Street Configuration Irpa mea Gpe r Set Traffic Data Meteorology Background Measured Concentrations g Pre defined diurnal traffic c User defined Pre defined c User defined types data meteorological and data backqround data TypeA 7 Add File Add File Sjaelland_2000 z m Average Daily Traffic Veh day 25400 Traffic Data in City Size inhabitants r Travel Speed Hourly User Files 50 000 100 000 v ICTNGVE Fe N B Can be set with other User defined data r Traffic File Name r File Names D WinOSPM D atas T raffic N ational DH D WwinOSPM Data MetB ack N View Edit Traffic Output Files user defined optional m Hourly Output Files m Statistics and other Output Files Add File Remove File Add File Remove File m File Names m File Names OK Cancel Help Fig 4 2 The New Project window filled with values according to the example Accepting the Single Street project type click OK or double click on the icon leads you to the New Project window Fig 4 2 Please note that you will only meet the New Project window when you create a new project The central working window for existing projects is a different one the Calc
14. Help Fig 14 3 The Edit window can be used to view and edit the actual street collection data Additionally to the street configuration data the street collection file provides information on the geographical co ordinates of the street X_coordinate and Y_coordinate These co ordinates refer to co ordinates of the middle of the street next to the receptor point The geographical street co ordinates are not required for OSPM calculations They are only used in connection with graphical presentation of the results as will be discussed later However the values for the street co ordinates cannot be omitted cannot be blank Any dummy value can be given if the graphical presentation of the results is not in the scope of the project The first column in the data table the column with the heading Active contains check boxes which can be into 2 different states X TRUE and FALSE If the state of the Active parameter is marked as FALSE no calculations for the particular street will be performed The street record with this condition is not deleted from the street collection only the calculation conditions are affected Clicking with the mouse on the check mark will change the state of the Active parameter All data contained in the street records can be edited by the user New records can be added too and records can be permanently deleted from the collection The procedure for editing and adding new data is exa
15. V 2 ees 2 01 1 5 0 03 V 0 0001 V 2 ECE 15 00 01 3 Nee i lt ds E 1 173 0 0225 V 0 00014 V 2 aie eE 42 01 1 36 0 0217 V 0 00004 V 2 eo 52 01 1 5 0 03 V 0 0001 V 2 ECE 15 02 3 co lt 1 41 1 479 0 0037 V 0 00018 Vv 2 co 1 4 2 01 1 663 0 0038 V 0 0002 V 2 co gt 2 01 1 87 0 0039 V 0 00022 Vv 2 ECE 15 03 3 ee lt 1 414 1 616 0 0084 V 0 00025 V 2 eoe 1 4 2 01 1 29 Exp 0 0099 Vv Co gt 2 01 2 784 0 0112 V 0 000294 V 2 ECE 15 04 3 Tadre art 1 432 0 003 V 0 000097 V 2 eE N 0 1 1 484 0 013 V 0 000074 V 2 Necks sa 0T 2 427 0 014 V 0 000266 V 2 Improved Conv 2 tee h lt 1 410 0 926 0 7192 Log V magol 422 01 1 387 0 0014 V 0 000247 V 2 Open Loop 2 PER tE R AL 0 921 0 616 Log V ec 1 4 2 01 0 761 0 515 Log V Catalyst 4 EURO I 3 naasst ALN 0 5595 0 01047 V 0 000108 V 2 ece 1 4 2 01 0 526 0 0085 V 0 0000854 v 2 Neots 2 01 5 0 666 0 009 V 0 0000755 Vv 2 EURO Min ecs lt 1l 41 0 36 0 5595 0 01047 V 0 000108 Vv 2 ee 1 4 2 01 0 36 0 526 0 0085 V 0 0000854 Vv 2 Nees S201 0 36 0 666 0 009 V 0 0000755 V 2 EURO LES co lt 1 41 0 24 0 5595 0 01047 V 0 000108 Vv
16. specific folders will be created and files with default data will be copied to these folders These files will however mainly contain some dummy values which must be replaced by the user with the actual data Which data are country specific and how they can be created is discussed in more details later in this User s Guide In all three cases the User will be prompted to define the Country Name and the Country Code The Country Name is the text that will be used to display the name of the country in the program The Country Code is used internally in the program and all the country specific folders are named with the Country Code Both the Country Name and the Country Code must be unique An attempt to create two different Country settings with the same Name or Code will result in an Error Message The Country settings need not to refer to geographical or political country definitions A Country setting can just refer to a set of data files with specific traffic data traffic emissions or even a set with different pollutant included in the program calculations The Country setting can be changed any time when using WinOSPM Also New Country entries can be created and added to the list of available Country settings later on Note A similar dialog window to the one shown in Fig 2 1 will appear if the program that is started first time after installation of the software is the EmiFact program or the TrafEdit program However in this cas
17. whether to print all the Pages results for all receptors incl the summary with maximum of all receptor results or only one of the Pages Page 0 is always the summary Table with maximum results Options to control layout and content of the summary table can be set under the menu Project Options Note that some of the cells in the table are empty Fig 10 1 Figures are only shown for parameters where a limit value is defined This is so because the option Show only if a Limit Value is given is selected in the property sheet General Fig 12 1 This is the default setting A detailed description of the various settings affecting the shown Results Table are discussed in Chapter 12 Hint Give the output file the extension XLS to obtain an Excel file 11 Results User defined output files By default the results of WinOSPM calculations are summarised in a table where it is possible to compare the model results with air quality limit values Chapter 10 As a supplement to this summary table it is possible to create a file with an hourly time series and also to create a file with various statistical parameters or daily averages The present chapter describes in greater details how to create Output files for hourly time series Output files for user defined tables with statistical parameters 11 1 Output files for hourly time series In the Calculation window click on the box Hourly Output Files thus making the butt
18. 0 0172 T 0 0375 MIN V 45 0 EURO Lae TOOSE AL 2 0 IIf V lt 25 MAX 0 245 0 00738 T 0 0461 V 0 MAX 0 384 0 0234 T 0 0513 MIN V 45 0 co 1 4 2 01 2 0 II V lt 25 MAX 0 236 0 00747 T 0 0458 V 0 MAX 0 3154 0 0228 T 0 0484 MIN V 45 0 REO gt 2 0 10 2 0 IIE V lt 25 MAX 0 173 0 00566 T 0 0343 V 0 MAX 0 272 0 0172 T 0 0375 MIN V 45 0 EURO eres Veoei lt 1 41 1 33 II V lt 25 MAX 0 245 0 00738 T 0 0461 V 0 MAX 0 384 0 0234 T 0 0513 MIN V 45 0 oo 1 4 2 01 1 33 II V lt 25 MAX 0 2364 0 00747 T 0 0458 V 0 MAX 0 3154 0 0228 T 0 0484 MIN V 45 0 TOO SSR a 1 33 IIf V lt 25 MAX 0 173 0 00566 T 0 0343 V 0 MAX 0 272 0 0172 T 0 0375 MIN V 45 0 EURO IV 3 eG a E o 1 38 IIf V lt 25 MAX 0 245 0 00738 T 0 0461 V 0 MAX 0 384 0 0234 T 0 0513 MIN V 45 0 cc 1 4 2 01 1 38 II V lt 25 MAX 0 236 0 00747 T 0 0458 V 0 MAX 0 3154 0 0228 T 0 0484 MIN V 45 0 TROSZE 1 38 IIf V lt 25 MAX 0 173 0 00566 T 0 0343 V 0 MAX 0 272 0 0172 T 0 0375 MIN V 45 0 The expressions contain here two variables The vehicle speed variable denoted by V and the ambient temperature variable denoted by T The cold start correction is made in the program using the following formula q racic 1 ColdStart ColdCorr where q is the resulting emission factor q is the emission factor without c
19. 01 99 44 42896 0 5612587 02 01 99 44 10983 0 6573757 03 01 99 70 42191 0 6634368 04 01 99 96 87202 0 6775851 05 01 99 86 3973 0 6315719 Fig 11 6 An example of an output file with daily averages generated according to the variable list specified in Fig 11 5 Property sheet General 12 Options Settings under Project Options are valid for all projects which are saved in the folder of the current projects These settings are saved in a file Run opt located in this folder The property sheets will be shown and briefly commented one by one Gj options D TestOSPM Run opt Noz Advanced Hourly Percentiles Running Averages Annual Averages General Daily Averages Calculate Percentiles and Averages only if Measurements and Model Results are available simultaneously m Results Summary V Show Results Summary Auto Show NOX M Show Limit Values Show NO M Never 2 Show NO2 Iv Max Conc Only Show 03 m AllReceptors C Show CO IV nzene V Iv ng M Show only if a Limit Value is given Reset OK Cancel Help Fig 12 1 The property sheet General Note that the option Show only if a Limit Value is given is selected In this way the summary result table becomes simple and uncluttered since some calculations are not displayed Checkbox Calculate Percentiles and Averages only if Measurements and Model Results are available simultaneously If checked the sta
20. 25250 D D S D dd do m y y o M feet ox cenesi_ Heb Fig 14 7 The street configuration data can be edited using the Street Configuration editing tool The street configuration data can be edited using the Edit Street Configuration window with the same facilities as in the single street project This window is invoked using the Edit Street button Fig 14 7 To edit data for a particular street the record with this street must be the current record The current record is indicated by the record pointer at the uppermost left edge of the street collection table Any user action on a record makes the record the current record The record needs not to be selected A similar procedure can be used for editing the traffic data The traffic Editor the same as in the case of a single street project is activated by the Edit Traffic button When or if the data in the street collection windows both the New and the Edit tabs are edited they must be saved to a file before they can be used with the project A message box appears if the user presses the OK button without previously saving the edited data Pressing the Cancel button is equivalent with cancelling of the changes made to the data 14 4 The Select Map tab w Map Data F WinOSPMSetup DISK_1 Samples MultiStreets baggrundsbillede 2 bmp bagarundsbillede_2 bmp CPH_2 bmp File name baggrundsbillede_2 bmp S
21. 297 28 5 26 4 26 4 Cold Starts Fig 7 10 Traffic file displayed in Mode 3 As fraction of all vehicles When the traffic file is of the Default type i e if the traffic data are specified as fraction of daily total the two text boxes in the lower left corner of the program window become active The currently specified values of the Average Daily Traffic vehicles per day as an average over the year and Travel Speed are displayed here For files with traffic data given as number of vehicles per hour these two text boxes are inactive greyed The traffic data are shown for one particular Day Case i e selected weekdays and months The Day Case can be changed from the drop down list box where all the available cases as specified in the traffic file are listed Fig 7 11 The language used for the names of the weekdays and months depends on the current Country setting In the example shown in Fig 7 11 the weekday and months names are in Danish Mandag Torsdag Januar Juni August December gt Mandag Torsdag Januar Juni 4ugust December Fredag Januar Juni August December L rdag Januar Juni August December S ndag Januar Juni August December Mandag Torsdag Juli Fredag Juli L rdag Juli S ndag Juli Fig 7 11 List of Day Cases for Danish conditions The traffic data are shown in three tables 41 The uppermost table The main table 42 The uppermost one
22. Appendix B cannot be used When using hourly traffic data the traffic emissions will have to be calculated for each of the 33 calculation hours This can result in a substantial increase of the calculation time compared with other methods of supplying traffic data Sections 7 1 and 7 2 explain respectively how to assign traffic data to a new project and how to change traffic data in an existing project 7 1 Assigning Traffic Data to a New Project When data for a new project are specified in the New Project window there are three alternative ways to specify traffic data as indicated above For each alternative the practical approach is explained below The relevant part of the New Project window is shown in Fig 7 1 left 1 Pre defined diurnal traffic types Select the option button Pre defined diurnal traffic types to activate the drop down list box with the available pre defined traffic data files Click the mouse on the drop down button W or press Enter to open a list of available files A short descriptive text appears when the mouse is held over one of the list items Fig 7 1 right You can navigate the list by using the mouse or the up down arrows on the keyboard To select an item click the mouse on the item or press Enter The name of the selected street type appears in the text box of the drop down list box while the full path and name of the file with the selected traffic data is
23. For files with expressions for vehicle emission factors cold start correction and mileage correction the following rules apply If the name of the file is given without specification of the directory path the file location is assumed to be the Working Directory i e the directory that was specified when creating a new project or the directory where the project file osp is located If the name of the file is preceded with the file location is assumed to be SharedEmissionPath Using the path name convention it is possible to specify a file location that refers to a sub directory of Default Directory Example If a name of a file containing expressions for vehicle emission factors is given as XX VehEmiFact emi the full path of such a file is assumed to be SharedEmissionPath XX VehEmiFact emi
24. OSPM Project 8 7 1 When starting a new project Starting a new OSPM project using the New Project window results in automatic initialisation of the necessary emission scenario data The available scenario data depend on the contents of the Scenario List File Scenarios Ist file Section 8 1 The actually used Scenario List File depends on the Country setting One of the Scenario Years listed in the Scenario List File is automatically selected as the actual Scenario Year and will be displayed in the Scenario Year dropdown list box The selected year will depend on the current calendar year If the calendar year corresponds to one of the Scenario Years listed in the Scenario List File this year will be automatically selected as the actual Scenario Year If not the nearest available Scenario Year but chronologically less than the current calendar year will be selected As an example if the collection of the available Scenario Years is as shown in Fig 8 1 and the current calendar year is 2002 the year 1999 will automatically be selected as the actual Scenario Year The list of the available Scenario Years that is displayed by the drop down list box will also depend on whether or not a national fleet share database is referenced in the actual Scenario List File If there is no reference to such a database the list of the Scenario Years that the user can select will be limited only to those years for which there in the Scenario List File
25. Results Summary Table depends additionally on the options specified on the property sheet General 75 Property sheet Daily Averages 76 Ey Options D TestOSPM Run opt Fig 12 5 Property sheet Daily Averages Some limit values are based on daily averages This option makes it possible for the user to select those pollutants for which daily averages should be calculated The user can also define the minimum hours required for calculation of the daily averages Checkbox Calculate Daily Averages Daily averages and percentiles of the daily averages are calculated only if this checkbox is selected Option buttons Show as These option buttons refer to the standard Results Summary Table If the available data covers exactly one year 365 days it does not matter which of the two option buttons is selected Otherwise there is a difference between the two Show as Percentage of Available Data Percentile values are shown in the standard Summary Results Table as percentage of the available data Show as n Highest Values are shown an n th highest concentration regardless the number of the available data Minimum hours for calculation of Daily Average The minimum number of the required hours during a day required for calculation of the daily average Property sheet NO2 When the number of non missing observations either measured or modelled is less than the specified number the daily aver
26. Traffic Induced Turbulence As default the OSPM calculations are performed taking into account the additional turbulence created in the street by the moving vehicles Traffic produced turbulence will be disregarded if this checkbox is selected a Checkbox No wind acceleration As default the OSPM calculation are performed taking into account the acceleration of the wind speed when the wind direction is close to parallel to the street and the street becomes open at the end facing the wind channelling effect This effect will be disregarded if this checkbox is selected Important None of these options are saved in the file with options Run opt They are only active for the current project session and are set to the default values every time a new project is opened or initiated 12 1 Concentration Units Settings under Project Options are valid for all projects which are saved in the folder of the current projects Another menu Project Set Concentration Units leads to settings which are active for the current project only These options refer to concentration units for user defined files see Chapter 11 Note that these settings only affect user defined files whereas they have no effect on the standard summary result table Concentration units can be set for user defined input and output files However if standard input data are used only the units for the output file can be changed The form for concentratio
27. added to the list of countries after installation of WinOSPM are listed in the main window It s not sufficient to delete the Country setting from the Registry Database You need also to delete the corresponding item from the Countries ini file Countries List file The Country List Editor lists all the Country settings that are currently registered in the Countries ini file Fig 2 4 Removing a Country setting from the Registry Database or from the Countries List doesn t result in deleting of the country specific folders or files If required this must be done manually However this is not required Contrary if no files are deleted from the computer the Country setting can always be re established by using the Add New menu with the option 1 as described in the previous section 10 E Clean Country Registry Fig 2 3 The main window of the Country Registry Editor program The Edit Country List button opens the Country List Editor window im Edit the Country List Fig 2 4 The Country List Editor window All Country settings that currently are registered in the Countries ini file are listed here fj winospm d Refresh File Tools Settings Mode Help 3 Defining and editing the country specific settings This Chapter describes the procedure that can be used to define and edit the different country specific settings If you don t need or don t want to modify any of these settings you c
28. can be activated within an existing project 2 From the Calculation window press the button Start Special or use the menu Mode and choose Special The Special Mode window is shown in Fig 13 2 The Special Mode window provides a simple 3D visualisation of the street canyon The group of buttons with Zoom etc allows the user to change the view mode In order to make changes to the combination of wind directions and wind speeds it is necessary to click on the button Edit Up to eight values of wind speed can be specified To activate deactivate calculations for some of the wind speed values mark unmark the checkbox left to the value The wind directions are given by the range From To and by the Step Leave the edit mode by pressing OK 81 Gj winospm Special Mode D TestOSPM Storegade osp File Project Tools Settings Mode Help a o al M New Open Save Street Trf File List F List Units eB u amp amp e a 4 R Traffic Vehicles Fuels Results a el TrafEdit EmiFact Graphics RRR r Set wind direction From To Step I r Set wind speed Edit Cancel OK Auto Vv Text Vv Format Text r Street Data Name Storegade Height 25 m Width 20m Orientation 45 deg Auto Zom fiozH m View Angle To Vv speed and Wind direction Emissions used in Special Mode 82 View Height a IV Help Stop Continue Pause Bun Fig 13 2 Special Mode wind
29. data are missing for a particular hour the calculations for this hour will be skipped The missing values should be indicated in the input files either by a blank field or by a negative value that is outside the range of possible variable values as e g 99 The hourly input data must contain information on the actual date for each of the hours contained in the file The date can be specified in different ways It can be provided in one of the date formats corresponding to the locale setting of the Windows system as e g 01 01 2001 or it can be given as day month year variables The hour must either be indicated in the date variable or provided as a separate variable The files may or may not contain the number corresponding to the day in the week Monday 1 Sunday 7 The weekdays are used to select the appropriate Day Case for the traffic data see Chapter 7 If the weekday number is not explicitly provided in the input file it is calculated in the program based on the actual date Note that the year variable given in the hourly input files has no effect on the selection of the Emission Scenario Year Chapter 8 10 Results Summary Table The results of OSPM calculations are summarised in a table where model results are compared to air quality limit values example Fig 10 1 Note that the layout and content of the table can be controlled by settings under the menu Project Options as discussed in Chapter 12 As a sup
30. displayed in the Traffic File Name text box Fig 7 1 left The user must type the value of the Average Daily Traffic vehicles per day as an average over the year and the Travel Speed in the street for which the traffic data are applied The travel speed is an average speed for a street section of length 100 200 meter close to the receptors Veh day 18540 m Travel Speed kmh 45 r Set Traffic Data r Set Traffic Data g Pre defined diurnal traffic g User defined g Pre defined diurnal traffic c User defined types data types data Type_C x Add File Add File m Average Daily Traffic N B Can be set with other User defined data Traffic Data in Hourly User Files Traffic Data in Hourly User Files N B Can be set with other User defined data Traffic File Name D WinOSPM Data T raffic N ational DH m Traffic File Name View Edit Traffic View Edit traffic Fig 7 1 Specification of traffic data in the New Project window The same box is shown twice once with an active drop down list Pre defined files are for Denmark 34 2 User defined data Select the option button User defined data The Add File button becomes active and pressing it will open the Add New File dialog box Fig 7 2 left The name of the file with traffic data including full path can be typed here or the user can press the Browse but
31. example QBZNTrucks_1 means benzene emissions from trucks lt 32t The nomenclature for traffic variables is NVehicle where N is the traffic flow vehicles hour for the specified vehicle category Beside vehicle specific traffic flow aggregated traffic variables can also be provided in input or output files Ntotal total number of vehicles Nlight total number of light duty vehicles Nheavy total number of heavy duty vehicles Flags special option Variable names It is possible to output a flag for special calculations when modelled concentrations are adjusted taking into account monitoring data for the specific hour The nomenclature is FlagPOL_side Flag indicates a marking side is ae side 1 of the street lt 2 side 2 of the street A number of other variables is also available which are listed alphabetically below Coldstart Cold starts share in percent Cloudcover Cloud cover DailyTraffic Average Daily Traffic Date Date DateTime Date and time day Day DayCase Day type for the diurnal variation of traffic e g Saturdays in July DayOfWeek Day of week Monday 1 Sunday 7 Delta_Fi Fluctuations in wind direction ExceptionNo Number of wind sectors with exceptions from the general building height GlobalRad Global radiation A parameter needed for modelling of NO H_mix Mixing height hour Hour InpOut Indoor outdoor only available in route mode minute Minute month Month Ne
32. folders It s important that all these data are in same folder Beside the data files this folder must also contain a file with the name Files st which provides a list of the files that have to be copied as well as their destination folders The general structure of the Files Ist file is illustrated in Listing 2 1 Listing 2 1 AppPath DataFolder National Code FileName AppPath DataFolder DataSubFolder National Code FileName The phrase AppPath refers to WinOSPM installation folder s path This phrase is automatically replaced by the actual installation path when the file copy process is executed The phrases DataFolder and DataSubFolder refer to the data folders or subfolders under the WinOSPM installation folder These phrases should be replaced by their actual names The directory structure of WinOSPM is explained in details in the Appendix C The phrase National refers to the set of country specific folders while Code is automatically replaced by the actual Country Code when the file copy process is executed The FileName must be replaced by the actual name including extension of the file that has to be copied to the destination folder One line of text must be specified for each file to be copied 3 I will create new folders with default data This condition applies to a situation when no Country specific data are available in advance In this case all the necessary country
33. g Notepad or opened in Excel define semicolon as separator However this not the recommended procedure To retrieve the results later use the menu File Open Saved Results File Single Street from the WinOSPM main window Previously saved result files can also be opened from the Result Window For this use File Open or the button Open You can quickly switch between several opened result files using the menu item Window 5 Input output and tools The Calculation window The Calculation window shown in Fig 4 8 is the central point of is central departure for modifications of the first set of calculations Basically the following items can be changed Street configuration street geometry Traffic data variation of traffic flow over time distributed among various types of vehicles The assumptions governing emission car fleet and fuel Meteorology and background data the meteorology should represent urban conditions and the background concentrations either the urban background or the regional background Output data contents and format You may switch to Special mode Special Mode is a tool for studying how air quality depends on wind speed and direction for a given street geometry These possibilities are discussed in the following chapters Further there is a chapter concerning program options Be aware that some options affect the current project only options concern
34. height StreetWidth Street width from facade to facade StreetLength_1 Lengthl see explanation in chapter on Street configuration StreetLength_2 Length2 see explanation in chapter on Street configuration StreetOrientation Street orientation with respect to North TrafficFile Traffic file name DailyTraffic Average Daily Traffic veh day TravelSpeed Travel Speed km h Output from Multi Streets calculations can also be provided in form of daily averages When using output files with daily averages in the Multi Streets mode the StreetName variable should preferable be 107 added to the list of output variables The user can also add the X coordinate and the Y_coordinate variable to an output file with the daily averages 108 Appendix A Pre defined traffic data Traffic list files Pre defined_ traffic data are files with information on the relative distribution of vehicle types such as e g passenger cars vans trucks and buses and the fraction of the daily total for each of the vehicle types If required several Day cases can be defined representing different days of the week and months of the year e g a case for Fridays in July In order to use such pre defined data for a particular street the user must specify the Average Daily Traffic ADT and the travel speed for this street The pre defined traffic data will normally be provided for some typical street types with specific traffic conditions su
35. hovered over one of the streets a text is displayed with the name of the street and the calculated concentration for this street Fig 14 12 left Whether the result corresponds to the maximum of both sides or to one of the sides only depends on the selected display mode When the mouse cursor is hovered over the map area outside any of the streets the map co ordinates and the background concentration is displayed Fig 14 12 right 96 q Summary of Results for CPHStreetsNew Calculated on 09 03 2003 22 59 46 untitled File Map Window Gal amp No2 Average x Jagtvei 7 NO2 pg m Annual Average Pe Search Street Ltirrterftreetreterertrterrtr erred gt Limit Value 5 40 5 36 31 5 2r pa NN 225 Rigshospite 18 Ss 9 13 5 A 3 45 D not calculated DK Limit Value Frederikssundsvej DK Recommended 50 135 Gathers EU Limit Value 2010 40 20S ie Fig 14 11 Results of Multi Streets calculations are automatically displayed in a graphical window where the calculated concentrations are shown both in a colour scale and as a table with calculated values for all the streets 4 Jagtvej WX RV M eto ORE dV ALY Fig 14 12 When the mouse cursor is hovered over one of the streets a text is displayed with the name of the street and the calculated concentration for this street left When the mouse curso
36. in COPERT and the engine capacity As an example the greyed cell 17 42 of all gasoline passenger cars registered in this period in Denmark where EURO I cars and with engine of capacity of cc 1 4 2 01 The sum of all values in the cells under the engine technology headings and engine capacity row titles must be 100 The fraction that the gasoline passenger cars constitute with respect to all passenger cars i e regardless fuel type is given in the last line In the shown example Listing 8 3 the fraction is 0 94 The user can construct own vehicle fleet files using different split up into vehicle classes and also specify alternative emission factor expressions The only criteria is that the files must obey one important rule The text in the headings and row titles highlighted in Listing 8 3 must correspond exactly including spaces but not the case to the corresponding text used in the files with expressions for vehicle emission factors The order in which the particular vehicle classes are referenced in the vehicle fleet files and emission factor expression files must also be the same 8 3 Emission factor expression files All the emission factor expressions used by WinOSPM are text ASCII files The files will normally have the extension emi and as a standard located in the directory AppPath Data Emission Shared where AppPath is the path of WinOSPM on the local drive as specified during instal
37. nn nn nn nn Paani IH nn nn nn nn nn nn L The data on the national fleet composition for the particular scenario year is in the shown example given in an Excel file FleetShareDK_1999 xls The actual path of this file is again replaced here by what means that the file resides in the default directory for this kind of files The file must be an Excel file but the name is arbitrary Using the country code and the scenario year as a part of the file name is only for mnemonic reasons The same excel file can be used for all vehicle categories but this is not a requirement The actual reference to the data is in the name of the spreadsheet contained in the Excel file In the shown example the name of the spreadsheet is PasGasoline It is accidental but practical that the same name is given to the spreadsheet as to the respective vehicle category for which the data are given in the spreadsheet The structure of the vehicle composition files is presented and discussed in the next section The names of files which actually contain the emission factor expressions and expressions for the cold start corrections are given in the two subsequent lines These files need not necessary be the files that are supplied with the distributed version of WinOSPM Users can construct their own files adapting their own emission expressions and cold start corrections The rules that such files must obey are discussed later in this Ch
38. values for any new traffic file of the Default type If the file is not of Default type but contains traffic data given as number of vehicles per hour these two text boxes are inactive greyed All required data are already provided within the traffic file Besides changing the traffic file the user can add an additional traffic file to the current project This can be done using the Add File button as shown in Fig 7 5 left Before pressing the Add File button the field with the traffic file name must be selected single click only The additional traffic file is added by typing its name in text box of the Add File dialog box or by using the Browse button The name of the additional traffic file will not appear immediately in the list box under the heading Average Diurnal Traffic but an up down button will appear at the right end of this box Fig 7 6 By scrolling this box using the up down button the user can see which traffic files are currently available Only one of the traffic files can be the active traffic file namely the one with a selected check box Only the active traffic file is used in the calculations The name of the currently active traffic file appears in the upper left frame of the Calculation window next to the label Trf File Fig 7 4 Only the name of the currently active traffic file is saved together with the project file This behaviour is different from all
39. which the compound is identified in the OSPM calculations Pollutants Long Name is the name which is used to display the name of the compound in different OSPM Windows All Pollutants Long Names can be changed by the user The Default Output Units refer to the concentration units used in default output result files automatically generated by the program These concentration units should be the same as the units in which the respective Limit Values are expressed if applicable The Default Input Units refer to the concentration units used in default input files Standard Meteorology and Background Files These concentration units should be the same for all default input files Emitter indicates whether the compound is treated as a directly emitted pollutant or is calculated as a secondary chemical reaction product The values can be either True directly emitted or False reaction product The value of Emitter cannot be changed for NOX NO NO2 and O3 microg_To_ppb provides the value which is used to convert the concentration units given in mass per volume ug m to volume per volume units ppb These values cannot be changed for NOX NO NO2 and O3 How to add delete or edit the pollutants in the Pollutants List is explained in the on line Help Percentiles The list of percentiles that can potentially be included in program calculations can be edited using this menu item Fig 3 3 w Edit Percentiles xj
40. 0 0642 0 93 0 93 8 9 0 06516 0 06502 0 08305 0 07741 0 0786 0 96 0 92 5 10 0 05253 0 07142 0 0802 0 08348 0 06896 0 95 0 93 7 LF 0 05123 0 0719 0 08743 0 07860 0 05574 0 95 0 93 7 12 0 05568 0 07634 0 0958 0 06457 0 06150 0 95 0 92 7 13 0 05725 0 07504 0 08853 0 07302 0 05407 0 96 0 93 7 14 0 06039 0 06897 0 10347 0 08606 0 05553 0 95 0 92 7 15 0 07073 0 07253 0 08336 0 08006 0 07900 0 94 OIL 7 16 0 08419 0 08132 0 06724 0 07035 0 09273 0 93 0 90 5 17 0 09530 0 06594 0 0613 0 05348 0 08265 0 94 0 92 9 18 0 07620 0 04393 0 03956 0 04650 0 08483 0 97 0 93 7 19 0 05655 0 03614 0 01903 0 03196 0 05374 0 98 0 96 7 20 0 03921 0 02817 0 01257 0 01274 0 03244 0 99 0 96 7 2L 0 02803 0 02420 0 00968 0 01257 0 02464 0 99 0 99 7 22 0 02984 0 01980 0 00726 0 00925 0 02230 00 0 95 7 23 0 02778 0 01930 0 00440 0 00937 0 01436 00 0 88 7 24 0 01540 0 01234 0 00207 0 01297 0 00678 05 0 88 7 We5isWles ia 1 153 0 1 1590 1 2613 1 3679 1 2470 Hour PAS Car Vans Truck_1 Truck_2 Buses V_short V_long Cold_start 1 0 00644 0 0038 0 00284 0 00567 0 00773 12 0 92 7 2 0 00331 0 00274 0 00219 0 00000 0 00173 TA 1 01 7 3 0 00183 0 00158 0 00685 0 00839 0 00319 Ta 1 04 7 4 0 00150 0 00180 0 00635 0 00252 0 00174 05 1 09 7 5 0 00288 0 00373 0 00526 0 01242 0 00191 10 aa 7 6 0 00975 0 01410 0 01634 0 02200 0 01772 05 1 06 7 Format of a traffic data file The first line in the file contains the indicator of the traffic data file which is not of Default type It is essential that
41. 07 0 01297 0 00678 31 5 26 4 20997 3 368 2 Day Case 1of8 0 789 9 013 0 044 1 571 3 479 0 017 Fig 7 9 Traffic file displayed in Mode 2 As fraction of daily total D WinOSPM Data Traffic National DK Type_A trf File Emissions Help B W 2 Ni New Vehicle List D winOSPM Lists National DK WehiclesDK_2003 vit New Open Saye Print EmiFact New Fuel List D Win0SPMLists National DK Fuels_1993 flf Traffic Data ID ADT split up 25403 3 0 8018 0 1204 0 0461 0 0110 0 0207 Average Diurnal Traffic fraction of All Vehicles Neart 0 900 0 720 0 540 0 360 0 180 0 000 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 Hour PF All vehicles IV PAS_Car IV vans I Truck_4 IV Truck_2 IV Buses mamoooPr Average Diurnal Emission NOX fraction of All Vehicles Day Case 1of8 Show as Number of Vehicles Show as fraction of Daily Total f Mandag Torsdag Januar Juni August December gt Scenario Year 76 0 CAT 2003 gt 143 9 62 7 45 1 39 8 89 4 301 6 1114 4 1917 5 1760 2 1508 2 1482 6 1599 5 1617 4 1689 7 1902 6 2196 0 2360 4 1859 0 1370 7 953 2 697 3 7155 662 3 374 0 0 650 0 520 0 390 0 260 0 130 0 000 T T T T T T 1 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 Hour no
42. 1 Traffic List file StrTrf lst for Danish cities Name Type_A Type_B Type C Type_D Type_E Type_F Type_G Type_H FileName Type A Type B Type Cc Type D Type E Type F Type G Type _H trf trf trf Cri trf tri trf trf HelpText Gennemfartsvej i middelstore eller mindre byer Gennemfartsveje i storby Fordelingsveje i boligomrader Trafikveje med blandet bolig og erhverv Hovedgade i centrumomrade store byer Indfaldsveje til store byer Trafikveje i store og mellemstore byer uden for centrumomradet Centrumgader i mellemstore byer 110 In the column labelled Name the names of the predefined street types as they will appear in the Pre defined diurnal traffic types drop down list box in the New Project window are specified In the column labelled FileName the names of the files with the pre defined traffic data are specified The location path of these files is given by AppPath Data Traffic National CountryCode FileName where FileName is the name of one of the files listed in the StrTrf Ist file In the column labelled HelpText text lines with short description of the respective street types are provided All the HelpText must be on a single line In the New Project window this text will appear as a Help Text when the mouse pointer is hovered over one of the items in the drop
43. 1202 1 238 3 118 7 26 9 31 5 28 8 27 9 1689 7 1268 0 219 0 138 7 17 32 3 28 5 27 6 1902 6 1485 1 230 3 1117 29 5 46 0 28 2 27 3 2196 0 1767 8 258 2 90 1 25 9 54 0 279 27 0 2360 4 2001 0 209 4 82 2 19 7 481 28 2 27 6 1859 0 1600 0 139 5 53 0 174 49 4 29 1 27 9 1370 7 1187 4 1147 25 5 11 8 31 3 29 4 28 8 953 2 823 3 89 4 16 8 47 18 9 29 7 28 8 697 3 588 6 76 8 13 0 46 29 7 29 7 7155 626 6 62 9 9 7 34 30 0 28 5 662 3 583 3 61 3 59 34 30 0 26 4 374 0 323 4 39 2 28 48 31 5 26 4 26463 2 20997 3 Day Case 10f8 0 789 9 013 0 044 1 5741 3 479 0 017 inOSPM Data Traffi File Emissions Help Pam led a NO New Vehicle List_ D WinOSPM Lists National DK VehiclesDK_2003 vif New Open Saye Print EmiFact New Fuel List D Win0SPMLists National DK Fuels_1993 flf Traffic Data ID ADT split up 25403 3 20340 4 3057 7 1186 7 287 5 531 0 Average Diurnal Traffic fraction of Daily Total 0 200 0 160 0 120 0 080 0 040 0 000 12 15 Hour 18 21 24 All vehicles IV PAS_Car IV vans I Truck_4 IV Truck_2 IV Buses nmo Average Diurnal Emission NOX fraction of Daily Total 0 150 0 120 0 090 0 060 0 030 0 000 0 36 9 12 15 18 21 24 Hour NOX w Average Daily Traffic 25400 Travel Speed km h a C Show as Number of Vehicles Show as fraction of All Vehicles Scenario Year Mandag Torsdag Januar Juni August December z 76 0 CA
44. 2360 4 1859 0 1370 7 953 2 697 3 715 5 662 3 374 0 26463 2 27 5 57 5 217 5 811 3 1511 2 1368 2 1103 0 1075 7 1169 1 1202 1 1268 0 1485 1 1767 8 2001 0 1600 0 1187 4 823 3 588 6 626 6 583 3 323 4 20997 3 5 0 11 2 47 6 204 9 2427 206 4 226 8 228 3 242 4 238 3 219 0 230 3 258 2 209 4 139 5 1147 89 4 76 8 62 9 61 3 39 2 3175 0 64 9 4 193 58 9 98 4 111 3 107 5 117 2 128 4 118 7 138 7 1117 90 1 82 2 53 0 25 5 168 13 0 a7 59 28 1340 4 0 5 0 7 32 4 9 7 31 8 79 31 5 18 7 29 4 27 9 27 9 28 5 28 8 30 7 28 5 28 9 28 5 23 8 28 5 26 9 28 8 317 28 5 29 5 28 2 25 9 27 9 28 2 29 1 29 4 297 29 7 30 0 30 0 31 5 30 9 70 30 3 31 5 29 7 27 9 27 6 27 9 27 9 27 6 27 9 27 6 27 3 27 0 27 6 27 9 28 8 28 8 29 7 28 5 26 4 26 4 368 2 0 789 1 571 6 584 12 128 9 013 3 479 2 899 2 249 0 044 0 017 0 046 0 037 Fig 4 6 The traffic window Meteorology and background data Background concentrations Urban and regional Available data for Danish conditions 24 Next specify Meteorological and Background data The OSPM model requires hourly meteorological data as input The required data are wind speed wind direction temperature and global radiation Wind speed and wind directions are assumed to represent the conditions above roof level in the city Temperature and global r
45. 7 m 175thHighestBENZ_obs 175thHighest Benzene measured max both Load Saved List i z 175thHighestBNZ_obs_1 175thHighest Benzene measured side 1 Load from Project Save Variable List 175thHighestBNZ_obs_2 175thHighest Benzene measured side 2 l a thHighestCO_b 175thHighest CO background max both sidi g anraje a onae S R aorar E e ee 1 otha Internet F drey Prompt Fig 14 15 The variable list for user defined Multi Streets calculation results files can contain all the street s data and the statistical results of the calculated concentrations 99 100 The option button Multi Streets statistics is automatically selected when the Format File window is opened in the Multi Streets Mode The first column in the output file will always contain the names of the streets in the Streets Collection It is natural to name this column with something like Street Name or similar The variable list for user defined Multi Streets calculation results files can contain all the street s data and all the statistical results of the calculated concentrations Each single record in the file will contain results for one street only Concentrations 15 List of input and output variables The user has a choice of many variables when formatting an input or output file These opportunities will be described in the following The selection of variables is depending on the type of input or output files T
46. Ctri U Output Files Set Urban Background gt TL j Condtions Type name of the file or use Browse to find the file EA Options Ctrl 0 D winDSPM D ata T raffic National DK Type_C tr Browse Cancel d 2 4 tt New Open Save Street Trf File List View Format Add File Flemove Fie Fig 7 5 Two methods for changing Traffic file are illustrated left and right When a new Traffic Data File has been selected it will replace the file previously assigned to the project If no Traffic Data File was assigned previously the new file will be added to the project Note that this procedure applies only to files with diurnal traffic profiles data and not to files with hour by hour traffic data To add hour by hour traffic data the procedure for Hourly Input Files must be followed see Chapter 9 When a new traffic file is selected the program recognises automatically its type If the file is of the Default type i e contains traffic data given as fraction of daily total the two text boxes in Fig 7 4 labelled Average 37 Daily Traffic and Travel Speed km h become activated The appropriate values for the Average Daily Traffic ADT and Travel Speed can be typed in these text boxes As a default value 10 000 veh day is given for ADT and 40 km h for the travel speed If other values have been specified previously in the current session current project these values will be used as default
47. Max 175th Highest 18th Highest Data Cr gt DK Limit Value 200 DK Recommended 50 EU Limit Value 2010 po Fig 3 4 The Edit Limit Values window is used to add delete or edit the list of Limit Values defined for selected pollutants 14 Limit Values can be defined for three different averaging times e Hourly Averages cover Limit Values referring to the hourly averages Limit Values referring to Annual Averages belong also to this category e Running Averages cover Limit Values referring to the 8 hours running averages e Daily Averages cover Limit Values referring to the daily averages 24 hours The Limit Values List must cover all the pollutants listed in the Pollutants List even though no limit value is specified for some of the pollutants Only these percentile values that are listed in the Percentiles List can be referred to in the Limit Values List except the Max value How to add delete or edit the Limit Values List is explained in the on line Help Standard Meteorology and Background Files The List of Standard Meteorology and Background Files contains a list of files with pre defined input data on meteorological and background concentration values that can be used for OSPM calculations if no own data are available These data can refer to different regions of the country and or different scenario years see Chapter 9 for details on the Meteorology and background concentration f
48. NZ benzene CO NO NO2 NOX O3 and PM10 The currently included pollutants are specified in the Pollutants List 101 Emission input output Traffic input output 102 Pollutants lst The list of pollutants depends on the current Country setting type can take on the values _b urban background E rural backgroun _str street street contribution only _obs observed measured _mod modelled _cor corrected modelled concentrations are corrected using monitor data special option side can be 1 side 1 of the street 2 side 2 of the street For example cBZN_mod_1 is modelled benzene concentrations at side 1 of the street The _str type is combined either with the _obs or the _mod type For example cBNZ_str_obs_1 is the street contribution to the measured benzene concentrations at side 1 of the street The nomenclature for emission variables is QPOL where Q is total emission for all vehicle categories and POL is the pollutant For example QBZN is the total benzene emission for all vehicle categories or QPOLVehicle where Q is the emission for the specific vehicle category POL is the pollutant Vehicle may be one of the vehicle categories included in OSPM calculations such as e g Buses Pas_Car passenger cars Trucks_1 lt 32t Trucks_2 gt 32t and Vans The actual list of vehicle categories depends on actually selected Vehicle List For
49. OSPM Data MetBack N Fig 4 7 Section of the New Project window concerning Meteorology and background data The relevant part of the New Project window is shown in Fig 4 7 Select Pre defined meteorological and background data As a result a standard data set with meteorology and regional rural concentrations is used Next select a region Sjaelland_2000 Indicate a city size of 50 100 000 inhabitants Under File names the name of the used file is displayed OSPM is extremely flexible in its ability to create user defined output files of various contents and formats However in the current example we will not use this potential but just rely on standard output which summarises the results of the calculations Press OK to leave the New Project window Note It is not possible to return to the New Project window later It is not necessary to return here because all options can be changed from other windows You are brought to the Calculation window Fig 4 8 This is the central working window where all further modifications of the project can be defined It is recommended that you save all data specified so far by pressing the Save button and supplying a name e g Storegade The default file extension for WinOSPM Single Street projects osp is automatically added to the file name Next time you want to open this project it s enough to double click on the project name in the Wind
50. Pollutants Fig 8 7 The List Editor Window with examples of a Vehicle and Fuel List File The List Editor can also be used to create new List Files However it s not recommended to use this facility from within the Calculation window The List Editor is also available from the EmiFact program and it s recommended to use the editing facilities only when working with the EmiFact program If a new pollutant was included in the Pollutants List see Section 3 Pollutants this pollutant can also be added to a Vehicle and a Fuel List The new pollutant can be selected in the Edit Pollutants window which is activated with the Edit Pollutants button Fig 8 8 left Corresponding files with emission factor expressions for this pollutant must be added to the List too Fig 8 8 right EE Edit List D Win0SPM Lists National DK Vehid File Name Emission File Name Emission File Name Cold Star File Name Cold Star File Name Cold Stat File Name Cold Star Mileage Database F Mileage Data Table File Name Mileage To add remove pollutants mark unmark the corresponding items Edit Pollutants Eile d oO Wl oK New Open Save PasGasoline fid Fleet Data Table PasGasoline File Name Emission NOX File Name Emission CO File Name Emission Benzene File Name Emission PM10 PasGasolineNOX emi PasGasolineCO emi PasGasolineVOC emi PasGasolinePM10
51. SsenarioYean r Vehicles List File gt Wehicles_1990 vif Fuels_1990 flf WWehicles_1995 vif Fuels_1995 flF Wehicles_1999 vif Fuels_1999 FlF WehiclesDK_2003 vit Fuels_1999 flF WehiclesDK_2005 vit Fuels_1999 flF View Edit List File Restore Fig 3 8 The Scenarios List contains a list of files with data referring to vehicle emission factor conditions for a particular year The Scenarios List may also contain a reference to a National Fleet Database File This is a Microsoft Access database file and the Access program is required to view edit this file The National Fleet Database File is used by WinOSPM and the associated EmiFact program to automatically generate data required to create new Scenarios The Scenarios List must contain at least one valid record When a new Country setting is defined using option 3 as described in Section 2 3 a new Scenario List is automatically created containing one record but with Vehicles and Fuels files referring to dummy data only These data must be edited by the user How to add delete or edit the items in the Scenarios List is explained in the on line Help 17 18 Country setting A new project 4 Getting started an example This chapter takes you through an example that shows how WinOSPM can be used WinOSPM is very flexible with respect to input and output and the example illustrates only a few of the possible opti
52. Statistics and other Hourly Output Files cannot be created when in the Multi Streets Mode Fig 14 14 98 Input Files Hourly Input Files RegionalDK_2000 mdb Sjaelland_2000 Move File Average Diurnal Traffic File Up A Output Files y Hourly Output Files Move File gog Down Statistics and other CPHStreets xls results_2000 N B File Names in RED have an empty Variable List Format the Files Add File Remove File Change File Fig 14 14 The user defined output files for Multi Streets calculation results are defined in the box Statistics and other Hourly Output Files cannot be created when in the Multi Streets Mode View Format The list of variables must be defined for the output file This list should be provided in the Format File window Fig 14 15 j Format File CPHStreets xls results_ 20009 Help Variable List Columns Format List p i Output Type i Description Single Street statistics 175thHighestBNZ_b 175thHighest Benzene background max bo Q Multi Streets statistics 175thHighestBNZ_b_1 175thHighest Benzene background side 1 C Daily Averages 175thHighestBNZ_b_2 175thHighest Benzene background side 2 Variable List streets 175thHighestBNZ_mod 175thHighest Benzene modelled max both Rows 4 175thHighestBNZ_mod_1 175thHighest Benzene modelled side 1 175thHighestBNZ_mod_2 175thHighest Benzene modelled side 2
53. T 2003 Speed short Speed long Cold Starts Allvehicies PAS_Car Vans Truck 4 Truck 2 Buses iain intr 0 00544 0 00575 0 00340 0 00267 0 01216 0 00741 32 1 27 3 0 00237 0 00232 0 00192 0 00309 0 00612 0 00249 336 30 0 0 00170 0 00144 0 00124 0 00588 0 00376 0 00279 345 327 0 00151 0 00131 0 00158 0 00455 0 00131 0 00127 32 4 30 9 0 00338 0 00274 0 00354 0 00704 0 02625 0 00261 318 30 3 70 0 01140 0 01036 0 01498 0 01443 0 02141 0 01597 aS AS 0 04211 0 03864 0 06453 0 04398 0 05072 0 03537 29 4 29 7 0 07246 0 07197 0 07643 0 07338 0 07588 0 06421 279 279 80 0 06652 0 06516 0 06502 0 08305 0 07741 0 07861 28 8 276 50 0 05699 0 05253 0 07142 0 08021 0 08348 0 06896 28 5 27 9 0 05602 0 05123 0 07191 0 08743 0 07860 0 05574 28 5 27 9 0 06044 0 05568 0 07634 0 09581 0 06457 0 06150 285 276 70 0 06112 0 05725 0 07504 0 08853 0 07302 0 05407 28 8 279 0 06385 0 06039 0 06897 0 10347 0 08606 0 05553 28 5 27 6 0 07190 0 07073 0 07283 0 08336 0 08006 0 07300 28 2 273 0 08298 0 08419 0 08132 0 06724 0 07035 0 09273 279 27 0 0 08920 0 09530 0 06594 0 06131 0 05348 0 08265 28 2 27 6 0 07025 0 07620 0 04393 0 03956 0 04650 0 08483 29 1 27 9 0 05180 0 05655 0 03614 0 01903 0 03196 0 05374 29 4 28 8 0 03602 0 03921 0 02817 0 01257 0 01274 0 03244 29 7 28 8 0 02635 0 02803 0 02420 0 00968 0 01257 0 02464 29 7 29 7 0 02704 0 02984 0 01980 0 00726 0 00925 0 02230 30 0 28 5 70 0 02503 0 02778 0 01930 0 00440 0 00937 0 01436 30 0 26 4 0 01413 0 01540 0 01234 0 002
54. User s Guide to WinOSPM Operational Street Pollution Model Draft March 2003 NERI Technical Report no amp amp Ruwim Berkowicz Helge R rdam Olesen and Steen Solvang Jensen Ministry of the Environment National Environmental Research Institute Contents 10 11 Introduction 5 Installation 6 2 1 System requirements 6 2 2 Installing WinOSPM 6 2 3 First Time 6 2 4 Using the Country Registry Editor 9 Defining and editing the country specific settings 11 Getting started anexample 19 Input output and tools 29 Street configuration 30 Traffic Data 33 7 1 Assigning Traffic Data toa New Project 34 7 1 1 Viewing Editing Traffic Data 36 7 2 Assigning and Changing Traffic Data Files in an existing Project 36 7 3 Modifying Traffic Data 39 Traffic Emissions 45 8 1 Scenario List File 46 8 1 1 Vehicle List Files 47 8 2 Vehicle Fleet files 49 8 3 Emission factor expression files 50 8 4 Cold start correction expression files 52 8 5 Mileage correction 53 8 6 Fuel List Files 54 8 6 1 Fuel Composition files 55 8 7 Assigning and changing Emission Scenarios in an OSPM Project 56 8 7 1 When starting anew project 56 8 7 2 When working with a saved project 57 8 7 3 Viewing and editing the Vehicle and Fuel List Files 59 Meteorology background and other user provided Hourly Input Data 61 Results Summary Table 65 Results User defined output files 67 11 1 Output files for hourly time series 67 11 2 Output
55. ackground Files are optional If not available the WinOSPM can still be used but with user provided data How to add delete or edit the items in the Standard Meteorology and Background Files List is explained in the on line Help Standard Urban Data The List of Standard Urban Data Fig 3 6 provides information on the Standard City Types which can be used for calculation of urban background concentrations together with the Standard Meteorology and Background Files The Standard Urban Data are optional If not available the data on urban background concentrations must be provided in user defined files The urban background concentration data can also be included in the Standard Meteorology and Background Files How to add delete or edit the items in the Standard Urban Data Files List is explained in the on line Help 15 i Standard Urban Data Urban Emission Data Pollutant Data File NOX v urbNOX dat Change Standard City Types Pp Standard Ciy Types S i OO a Poi Average Building Height mill sas 1 6 p H 100 000 500 000 Move sann NNN Down Restore Fig 3 6 The List of Standard Urban Data provides information on the Standard City Types which can be used for calculation of urban background concentrations Standard Traffic Data Files The List of Standard Traffic Data contains a list of files with pre defined traffic data for selected street types composition and d
56. adiation are used to calculate the chemical transformation between NO NO and O Further the OSPM model requires hourly concentration data for the urban background The urban background represents the general background pollution level in the city e g as measured above roof level However data for the urban background need not be provided explicitly Instead if data for the regional background concentrations are available the OSPM model uses a sub model to compute urban background concentration based on information about city size There are various ways in which data on Meteorology and Background can be provided and available options depend on the country settings In the case of Denmark the model is distributed with files containing meteorological data for different regions of the country where the meteorological parameters have been calculated by the Operational Air Pollution Forecast System THOR thor dmu dk These files also include information on regional background concentrations in the air Therefore in the present example we can proceed in the following way Output files Leave the New Project window The central working window The Calculation window 7 m Meteorology Background Measured Concentrations Pre defined c User defined meteorological and data backqround data Sjaelland_2000 City Size inhabitants 50 000 100 000 hi Add File Remove File File Names D Win
57. age is not calculated The number must be in the range 1 to 24 Checkboxes for compounds The grid of checkboxes allows the user to select pollutants for which daily averages should be calculated Furthermore the user can specify whether daily averages should be calculated for both modelled and measured data Important Whether or not the calculated values are actually shown in the standard Results Summary Table depends additionally on the options specified on the property sheet General BE options D TestOSPM Run opt Fig 12 6 Property sheet NO2 Calculations of NO may be omitted to reduce the calculation time Note that this property sheet has additional options when working in the Special Mode Chapter 13 Available options on the NO2 property sheet depend on mode Standard or Special Standard Mode Checkbox Calculate NO2 When selected the NO concentrations are calculated but only if the necessary input data are provided in the hourly input files When this 77 Property sheet Advanced 78 checkbox is unchecked the NO concentrations are not calculated regardless of the options specified elsewhere Omitting calculations of NO will slightly reduce the calculation time Special Mode Checkbox Calculate NO2 When selected the NO concentrations are calculated together with the NO concentrations The urban background concentrations of NO NO and O must be specified in the correspo
58. ame must be checked Select the traffic file name single click and use the menu View View Edit Traffic Data or the corresponding toolbar button Fig 7 7 The traffic file must be active i e the check box to left of the file name must be checked Any of these actions will lead to the Traffic Data Editor File Project view Tools Settings Mode Help d i Results summary GhI R Utd S L4 New op View Edit Traffic Data Traffic vehicles Fuels View Edit Vehicle List Data View Edit Fuel List Data Fig 7 7 Two ways to access the Traffic Data Editor Through a menu and through a toolbar button The Traffic Data Editor provides tools for both displaying and visualising traffic data and traffic emissions The Traffic Data Editor can also be used as a stand alone program TrafEdit The TrafEdit program can be used to edit or view traffic files which are not associated with any OSPM project Irrespective of the type of the currently opened traffic file the traffic data can be shown in three different modes Mode 1 As number of vehicles per hour the Show as Number of Vehicles option button is pressed Fig 7 8 Mode 2 As fraction of daily total the Show as fraction of Daily Total option button is pressed Fig 7 9 Mode 3 As fraction of all vehicles the Show as fraction of All Vehicles option button is pressed Fig 7 10 39 40 jational DK Type_A t
59. an skip this Chapter and go directly to the next Chapter Getting started an example One of the menu options available in the start window of the program is the Settings menu option Fig 3 1 A number of submenus provide editing facilities for the basic country specific data 2 0 x Fi2 Fl E e 4 Fle K S aa Pollutants Units Traffic Vehicles Fuels Results TrafEdit EmiFact Graphics Percentiles Limit Values Scenarios Standard Meteorology and Background Files Standard Urban Data Standard Traffic Data Files Denmark Fig 3 1 The Settings menu option has a number of submenus which provide editing facilities for the most of the country specific data All of these data can also be edited using just a text editor e g Notepad but this procedure can only recommended for experienced users Using the editing tools provided by WinOSPM insures data integrity and consistency A brief description of the editing facilities is provided in the following The online Help associated with the respective items provides more guidance Refresh Pressing this menu item has the effect that all the country specific data are re initialised This is useful when if some of these data have been modified outside the WinOSPM program and the user wants to apply these data without restarting the program Restarting the program has the same effect Pollutants The list
60. apter The emission expression files must be given for all vehicle categories and for all the pollutants listed at the beginning of the Vehicle List file The cold start correction files can be omitted If a cold start correction file for a particular vehicle category and pollutant is missing no cold start correction will be made to the emission factors In the shown example these files are only provided for passenger cars and vans The space reserved for these files in the Vehicle List file must however be replaced by two quotes The file names given in the two last lines of the vehicle category block refer all to mileage correction data Mileage correction is used in order to correct the basic emission factors for the deterioration of vehicle emission with age of vehicles more exactly their mileage According to the COPERT methodology this correction is only provided for vehicles equipped with 3W catalytic converters and this is presently only the case for gasoline cars However the space reserved for the mileage correction files in the Vehicle List files must in the case of missing files be replaced by two quotes The data on mileage of the respective vehicle categories are given in Excel files In the shown example the name of the Excel file is MileageDK_1999 xls The name of the respective spreadsheet that contains the data follows the name of the Excel file It s accidental that the name of the spreadsheet is the same a
61. ble and in the following columns the values of the daily averages according to the specifications given by the column variables As in the case of the statistical variables omitting the side parameter will result in output of the highest daily average concentrations for both sides of the street Additional variables that can be specified for the files with daily averages are DayCase A number corresponding to the Day type for the diurnal variation of traffic DayOfWeek Day of week Monday 1 Sunday 7 StreetName Street name for use in the Multi Streets mode X_coordinate X co ordinate of the middle of the street next to the receptor point for use in the Multi Streets mode Y_coordinate Y co ordinate of the middle of the street next to the receptor point for use in the Multi Streets mode 15 4 Multi Streets When running in the multi streets mode the output files can only contain statistical percentiles averages etc results of the OSPM calculations All statistical values can be defined for the output files The multi streets output files can also contain additional variables related to the street geometry and traffic data The multi streets output files are constructed as a table i e with column and row headings However the only row heading that can be specified is the phrase Streets The nomenclature for the column variables is following statPOL_type_side Other Multi Streets output variables
62. button Add File active Click the button Add File to obtain a dialog box where a new file can be named The name of the file containing the data can be directly typed in the text field of the dialog box or using the Browse button selected by the standard Windows Open File Dialog Box The name of the selected file will appear in the list of the Hourly Input Files If the selected file is of type Excel or Access the name of a worksheet or table will be given too If the file contain more than one worksheet or table the user can select the appropriate worksheet from a list that will be displayed after the Excel or the Access file is selected If the data are provided in text files the variables in the file can be separated by a blank at least one a comma or by a semicolon The decimal sign can either be a dot or a comma Obviously the comma sign can t be used as a separator if it is used as a decimal sign The file name will be displayed in red in the Hourly Input Files List as a warning indicating that the variable list is empty Fig 9 1 The user has to specify the variables Double click on the new file name or select it and then click on the button View Format The dialog box in Fig 9 2 appears The user has to type the names of the variables contained in the input file These names must correspond exactly to the predefined WinOSPM Input Variable Names and can be selected from the list that will appear as soon the
63. by this list The location path of the Scenarios Ist file is given by AppPath Lists National CountryCode Scenarios st where AppPath is the path of WinOSPM on the local drive as specified during installation of the software CountryCode is the Country Code corresponding to the actual Country setting One Scenarios lst file must reside in each of the AppPath Lists National CountryCode folders At least 1 one scenario dataset must be referenced by this list The structure of the Scenarios lst file is explained using an example shown in Listing 8 1 The first line contains the information on the name of a database file with data on the national vehicle fleet share for the period of years given by the two following the name of the database file First and Last Scenario year The database file must be a Microsoft Access file with a pre defined structure of Tables and Queries The presence of such a database file is not mandatory but the database is used for automatic generation of the scenario data If no such database file exists the name of the file must be replaced by two quotes only In this case the First and the Last Scenario year values are not used in the program These values can be replaced by any values but can t be missing The actually available scenario years combinations are listed in the following lines The two files that follow after the year value are the key files that contain all the i
64. c data are shown as Mode 1 or Mode 2 the values given in this table for each particular vehicle type are identical to the Average Daily Traffic for this vehicle type When the Mode 3 is applied the values given in this table are identical to the average diurnal fraction of the total traffic The value in the first cell is always the total Average Daily Traffic for the particular Day Case All values in this table can be edited by the user Changes made in one of the cells automatically triggers an update of all the remaining values both in this and other tables The lowermost table provides values of the daily average of the vehicle emission factors for all directly emitted pollutants which can be included in the model calculations None of the values here can be edited by the user They are given for information only The average emission factors are calculated as traffic weighted values for the particular Day Case The diurnal variation of the vehicle emission factors is due to the diurnal variation of the traffic speed and percentage of cold starts see Chapter 8 on the Vehicle Emissions When the edited traffic file is associated with an existing or newly created project the changes made to the traffic data can be applied in the current project without first saving the changes to a file However if the modified data should be used when a project is opened next time the changes must be saved to a file When editing a traffic file in th
65. cal representation of the street configuration can be Saved as a bitmap file printed or copied to the Clipboard Pre defined daily traffic data Relative distribution of vehicles User provided daily traffic data Hourly traffic data 7 Traffic Data The present chapter explains how to specify Traffic Data i e the distribution of traffic flow over time Basically traffic data can be specified in 3 different ways as pre defined daily traffic types as user provided daily traffic data as hourly traffic data Pre defined_ traffic data are files with information on the relative distribution of vehicle types such as e g passenger cars vans trucks and buses and the fraction of the daily total for each of the vehicle types If required several Day cases can be defined representing different days of the week and months of the year e g a case for Fridays in July In order to use such pre defined data for a particular street the user must specify the Average Daily Traffic ADT and the travel speed for the street The pre defined traffic data will normally be provided for some typical street types with specific traffic conditions such as e g main streets in the city centre streets in residential areas etc The Country setting determines which pre defined traffic data are available Appendix A explains structure and format of the Traffic List File which governs availability of pre defined traffic data files App
66. ch as e g main streets in the city centre streets in residential areas etc The Country setting determines which pre defined traffic files are available in the list box shown in the New Project window Fig A 1 This mechanism is governed by a Traffic list file named StrTrf lst for the relevant country The details of StrTrf lst are explained below Set Traffic Data Pre defined diurnal traffic User defined o C types data none E Add File none i eee AM Type A Fordelingsveje i boligomr der C Traffic Data in Hourly User Files N B Can be set with other User defined data View Edit Traffic Fig A 1 Dialog box displaying available Traffic files The box is based on information in StrTrf lst StrTrf lst is a text file ASCII and can be edited by any text editor The location path of the StrTrf lst file is given by AppPath Lists National CountryCode StrTrf lst where AppPath is the path of WinOSPM on the local drive as specified during installation of the software CountryCode is the Country Code corresponding to the actual Country setting One StrTrf lst file must reside in each of the AppPath Lists National CountryCode folders If the file is 109 missing an error message is displayed when the New Project window is opened An example of a StrTrf lst file with a list of pre defined traffic files for Danish cities is given in Listing A 1 Listing A
67. con The List Editor shows a complete listing of all the data contained in a Vehicle or a Fuel List File The data listing is organised in pages with one page for each vehicle type or fuel type The data in the list can be edited and the contents of the referenced files can be viewed not edited If the changed data are saved to a file the modified Vehicle or Fuel List is re opened by the program and the modified list is used in the calculations 59 EE Edit List D in0SPM Lists National DK ehiclesDK_2003 vIf Eile d 4 al Jo 2003 ii Openi save DK 2003 Edit List D WinOSPM Lists National DK Fuels_1999 flf Eile a 4 al New Open Save Vehicle Type Fuel Gasoline Length Class 1 Short Vehicle Long Name Passenger Cars Fleet Database File FleetShareDK_2003 XLS Fleet Data Table PasGasoline File Name Emission NOX PasGiasolineNOX emi File Name Emission CO PasGasolineCO emi a Henris Name Identifies the name of the vehicle object Depends on vehicle type and fuel Edit Pollutants Fuel Database File FuelDK_1999 xls Fuel Data Table Gasoline Fuel Contents correcton for NOX Fuel Contents correcton for CO Fuel Contents correcton for Benzene Fuel Contents correcton for PM10 BNZ 6 12 6 12 1 9 100 Benzene ENZ Sulphur S me View File Name Eile a New x G Dv 2003 PasGasoline Edit
68. ctly the same for existing and for new data 89 90 14 3 The New tab The table shown in the New tab window Fig 14 4 is used to enter street data in the case when no pre existing data are available w Street Collection Lune 2h xi Select File Edit Selected LE Select Map pE Sis Ne K codas Vacone Traffic File Daily Traffic Travel Speed Stes Type or select Load from Project Use data from existing OSPM single street project Save Edit Street Edit Traffic Show Streets Help Cancel Close Hid Fig 14 4 The New window is used to enter new street collection data When a blank record collection is opened at least one record but with dummy data will be automatically created These data should be edited by the user There are several different ways in which the data can be modified and added This will be discussed in the following 14 3 1 Manual editing All data can be directly typed in the corresponding columns In the case that wrong type of data is entered as e g some text data are entered in a field that must have a numerical value an error message is issued Error entering data A similar error message is issued if a field that requires some data is blanked The dummy data in a record indicate which fields may and may not be blank Note Pressing space bar in a field that may remain blank does not leave this field blank but results in space characters This can result in an err
69. cts of the mileage correction 8 6 Fuel List Files The Fuel List Files not only contain pointers to files with data on the actual fuel composition but also contain expressions for the fuel composition correction used for calculation of the emission factors An example of a Fuel List File for the fuel data in Denmark in the year 1999 is shown in Listing 8 7 54 The file heading has the same structure as in a Vehicle List File section 6 1 1 The year specification needs however not necessary be the same as in the associated Vehicle List File In the Scenarios Ist file shown in Listing 8 1 the same Fuel List File i e Fuels_1999 flf is used both for the Scenario Year 1999 and Scenario Year 2005 It s assumed that the fuel composition will not change during this period A Fuel List File consists of several blocks with one block for each fuel type The fuel name highlighted in Listing 8 7 starts each block Again the actual data on the fuel composition are provided in Excel files with one spreadsheet for each of the fuel types The compound names for which the fuel composition data are provided are listed for each fuel For each of the compounds the units in which the composition is specified is also given The expressions used for correction of emission factors are provided in the last line of each fuel block These expressions are given for each pollutant specified in the heading of the file and must follow in the sam
70. cular hour of the day are under the cold start conditions see the section Cold Start for further explanation of this parameter The alternative to files of Default type will be described in the following Typically User provided traffic data will not be of the Default Type but will contain traffic data specified as number of vehicles per hour and not as a fraction of the daily total Also the traffic speed will be given in terms of speed in km hour and not as a weight The user would not need to specify the Average Daily Traffic neither to specify the travel speed The precise structure of such traffic data file is explained using an example given in Listing B 2 Listing B 1 The beginning of a traffic file of Default type This file contains traffic data given as fraction of daily total Default Type PAS Car Vans Truck_1 Truck_2 Buses Type A 0 8008 0 1204 0 0466 0 0113 0 0209 Web Wee Pl 1 0323 1 0382 1 1324 1 2827 1 0972 Hour PAS Car Vans Truck_1 Truck_2 Buses V_short V_long Cold_start 1 0 00575 0 00340 0 00267 0 01216 0 0074 1 07 0 91 7 2 0 00232 0 00192 0 00309 0 00612 0 00249 Tyta 1 00 7 3 0 00144 0 00124 0 00588 0 00376 0 00279 Te 15 1 09 7 4 0 00131 0 00158 0 00455 0 00131 0 00127 1 08 1 03 7 5 0 00274 0 00354 0 00704 0 02625 0 0026 1 06 Los Qt 7 6 0 01036 0 01498 0 01443 0 02141 0 01597 105 1305 7 7 0 03864 0 06453 0 04398 0 05072 0 03537 0 98 0 99 7 8 0 07197 0 07643 0 07338 0 07588
71. d with Country settings for Denmark only However if WinOSPM has previously been installed on the computer and new Country settings have been added to the previous installation these countries will also be listed in the opening window as available Country settings Information on added Country settings is written to the computers Registry Database and remains there even after uninstalling of the WinOSPM software The pre requisition for using the previously added Country settings is that no data folders with the country specific data have been manually deleted from the WinOSPM installation folder and that the same installation folder is specified for the new installation Wj Country Selection x The program cannot be run before one of the following countries is selected as the Default Country or you define a New Country using the dd New item at the bottom of the list Fig 2 1 To start using WinOSPM the first time a Default Country must be defined Note When WinOSPM is uninstalled using the Add Remove Programs item from the Control Panel non of the user created folders or files are removed from the computer In the case that some of the previously created folders or files were manually deleted or the user wants to overwrite the country specific data with new data the information on the particular Country setting must be removed from the Registry Database A special tool the Country Registry Editor is provide
72. d with the program How to use this tool is described later in this Chapter In the case that the Add New item is selected a new dialog windows appears with 3 available options Fig 2 2 AddNew Country TE Folders and data already exist on my PC Ihave a package with country specific data will create new folders with default data Cancel Fig 2 2 The new Country settings can be created using three optional methods The three available options refer to the three different methods that can be used to add a new Country setting 1 Folders and data already exist on my PC This condition applies to a situation when all the country specific folders and data are already created and only the reference to the new Country setting need to be added 2 have a package with country specific data This condition applies to a situation when all the country specific data are provided in a separate folder or a removable media such as a CD or a diskette and they have to be copied to the country specific folders under the WinOSPM installation folder New folders will be created if they don t exist If some of the folders exist in advance the user will be prompted with a warning message that some of the files in this these folders can be overwritten Normally the user can safely accept this condition The User will be prompted to specify the path to the folder with the data that will be copied to the country specific
73. down list box with the pre defined street type names The quotation marks and the comma separators are mandatory A StrTrf Ist file must at least contain the first line with the column headings If the column headings line is the only text line in the file the drop down list box with the pre defined street type names in the New Project window will be inactive greyed and selection of the pre defined traffic types disabled Distinction between files of Default type and other files Format of Default type files Appendix B Traffic Data Files Traffic data files are text files ASCII and can be edited by any text editor However a Traffic Data Editor and Visualisation tool is available from WinOSPM It is recommended that this tool is used for editing the traffic data The pre defined traffic data files are always of the so called Default Type User defined traffic data will typically not be of Default type but they may well be The Default type of traffic data are files with information on the relative distribution of vehicle types such as e g passenger cars vans trucks and buses over time indicated as the fraction of the daily total These are files also have the characteristics that the user is required to supply information on the Average Daily Traffic vehicles per day as an average over the year and travel speed The alternative to Default Type are files which contain absolute numbers for the di
74. e New Project window the changes to the traffic data must be saved to a file in order to be used in the project When saving the traffic data it should be noted that the data will be saved according to the currently selected Show Mode regardless of the type of the original file When the traffic data are shown as Mode 1 the saved file will contain traffic data given as number of vehicles per hour When the traffic data are shown as Mode 2 the saved file will contain traffic data given as fraction of daily total Default type In Mode 3 it is not possible to save the traffic data The Traffic Editor also provides a graphical presentation of the traffic data and the resulting emissions These graphs can be saved to a file a bmp file copied to the clipboard or printed Additionally the user can save the emission data shown by the emission graph to a file A pop up menu which appears when right clicking with the mouse on the appropriate graph provides the respective menu items Fig 7 12 Average Diurnal Traffic Average Diurnal Emission NOX vehicles hour qgkmhour 3500 2800 2100 1400 700 Hour Fig 7 12 The graphs can be saved to a file copied to the clipboard or printed Additionally the user can save the emission data shown by the emission graph to a file 43 44 8 Traffic Emissions The traffic emissions are calculated in WinOSPM based on the traffic flow in the street vehicl
75. e category It can only have a value of 1 short vehicles or 2 long vehicles The length class specification is used in OSPM in connection with calculation of the traffic produced turbulence which depends on the physical size of the vehicles and their speed The last text variable specifies the long name of the vehicle and is only used for presentation of the emission factors data by the EmiFact program Listing 8 2 DK 1999 NOX CO BNZ PM10 PasGasoline PAS Car Gasoline 1 Passenger Cars FleetShareDK_1999 xls PasGasoline PasGasolineNOX emi PasGasolineCO emi PasGasolineVOC emi PasGasolinePM10 emi PasGasolineNOX ccr PasGasolineCO ccr PasGasolineVOC ccr PasGasolinePM10 ccr MileageDK_1999 xls PasGasoline PasGasolineNOX mcr PasGasolineCcO mcr PasGasolinevoC mcr PasDiesel PAS Car Diesel 1 Passenger Cars FleetShareDK_1999 xls PasDiesel PasDieselNOX emi PasDieselCO emi PasDieselVOC emi PasDieselPM10 emi PasDieselNOX ccr PasDieselCO ccr PasDieselVOC ccr PasDieselPM10 ccr nn nn nn nn nn nn SPapLPGS I SPAS Car PES l a Pas penger Caron FleetShareDK_1999 xls PasLPG _ PasLPGNOX emi PasLPGCO emi PasLPGVOC emi PasLPGPM10 emi PasLPGNOX ccr PasLPGCO ccr PasLPGVOC ccr nn nn nn nn nn nn VanGasoline Vans Gasoline 1 Vans FleetShareDK_1999 xls VanGasoline
76. e Multi Streets Results Window Fig 14 11 In this window the results of calculations are shown both graphically as a colour scale and also as a table with calculated values for all the streets The component for which the results you wanted to be displayed and the statistical parameter e g the annual average or a percentile value can be selected from the two drop down lists boxes in the upper part of Fig 14 11 If a limit value exists for the particular pollutant a list of all the specified limit values appears at the bottom of the window Clicking on one of the cells with a limit value results in that the statistical measure corresponding to this limit value is automatically selected in the box with the statistical measures and the table with the results is updated accordingly 99 If a concentration for any of the streets exceeds the limit value the cell is coloured red and the streets for which the limit value is exceeded are coloured red too Gj winospm Calculation F inOSPMSetup DISK_1 Samples MultiStreets CPHStreetsNew osm File Project View Tools Settings Mode Help d oO Wda E Mw H A E w 4 R New Open Save Streets Trf File V List F List Units Traffic Wehicles Fuels Results No Wo ga TrafEdit EmiFact Graphics Denmark fal Start Special Scenario Year i2000 m Input Files ZCAT 64 1 Hourly Input Files i RegionalDK_2000 mdb Sjaelland_2000 Streets File F 4 4
77. e all results displayed Property sheet Annual Averages 72 Gj options D TestOSPM Run opt No Advanced Hourly Percentiles Running Averages Averages General Daily Averages m Set Conditions NOX NO NO2 03 co Benzene PM10 None C s C e Modelled only O O O O Measured only C C C e C 2s 2 Both Cc Cc C C C Cc C Reset OK Cancel Help Fig 12 2 Property sheet Annual Averages This form makes it possible for the user to select pollutants for which annual averages can be shown in the summary results table The options on the property sheet Annual Averages refer to the standard Results Summary Table This property sheet makes it possible for the user to select pollutants for which annual averages should be shown Furthermore the user can specify whether annual averages should be shown for both modelled and measured data Note As default averages over all available observations measured and or modelled are calculated by OSPM for all the compounds The options here determine which parameters are to be displayed Important Whether or not the calculated values are actually shown in the standard Results Summary Table depends additionally on the options specified on the property sheet General Property sheet Hourly Percentiles 05 Options D TestOSPM Run opt Annual Averages General Daily Averages NO2 Advanced Hourly Percentiles
78. e it will not be possible to create a new Country setting It will only be possible to select one of the pre defined Country settings 2 4 Using the Country Registry Editor Country Registry Editor is a special tool that can be used to clean up in the registry information on the country specific settings in WinOSPM When a new Country setting is added to the program the Country Name and the Country Code are added to the computers Registry Database and also are written to the Countries ini file which is located in the WinOSPM main directory If for some reasons an error occurred during the installation process of a new Country settings or the user just wants to repeat the installation the information on the particular Country setting must be removed both from the registry database and from the Countries ini file It s not possible to repeat the installation as long as the Country Name and the Country Code is still registered For this purpose and only for this purpose the User can use the Country Registry Editor After installation of WinOSPM a shortcut to this program is established in the Program Files folder OSPM The program can also be executed by activating the CleanCtr exe file that resides in the WinOSPM Tools folder On starting the program a list of registered countries is listed in the program window Fig 2 3 To delete an item from the list this item must first to be marked Only these Country settings that have been
79. e of the original picture size 14 5 Using the map for viewing and editing the street geographical co ordinates ig F WinOSPMSetup DISK_1 Samples MultiStreets CPHStreetsNew str 184 29 m Id NZ Ca Adket Click and drag to change the street Help Cancel OK co ordinates or type the values Fig 14 9 The street co ordinates can be edited by graphically re positioning the street segments on the map A pre view of the street positions on a map Fig 14 9 can be shown using the Show Street button in the Edit or the New tab window The street segments are shown using the currently specified co ordinates in the respective street collection file Because the street segments can be very small especially when the geographical area of the map is large to streets can be shown scaled by a factor given in the Street Scale text box All geometrical dimensions of the street segments are proportionally scaled with this factor This scaling factor is not saved with the project file In order to make it easier to locate the street segments on the map a Search Street function is implemented Name of a particular street can be selected from the available drop down box and pressing the Search Street button or the Enter key results in that the selected street is shown encircled on the map The actual street co ordinates in meters and the street orientation in degrees with respect to North are shown in the text bo
80. e order as the pollutants names However the correction expression might not be given for all the pollutants Actually in the shown example the only correction expression is given for emissions of benzene The variable that is related to the contents of benzene in the fuel is denoted by BNZ For the future applications when also the contents of sulphur and lead in the fuel will be taken into account the variable names fS and fPb are reserved for these compounds Listing 8 7 DK 1999 NOX CO BNZ PM10 Gasoline FuelDK_1999 xls Gasoline Benzene Sulphur Lead S ppm g L n u WEBNZ 6 12 4 6 7 12 ae 1 8 J 100 Diesel FuelDK_1999 xls Diesel Benzene Sulphur Lead S ppm g 1 nn u WEBNZ 6 KAD 4s 6 12 1 8 7 100 LPG iW FuelDK_1999 xls LPG Benzene Sulphur Lead Ss ppm g 1 nn n WEBNZ 6 12 4 6 A 12 1 8 J 100 8 6 1 Fuel Composition files An example of a fuel composition file with data on composition of gasoline in 1999 in Denmark is shown in Listing 8 8 This is a copy of the spreadsheet Gasoline included in the Excel file FuelDK_1999 xls referenced in Listing 8 7 Listing 8 8 Gor polent Benzene Sulphur Lead E ppm g 1 Contents T 0 0 The structure of this file is obvious and needs no further explanation 55 56 8 7 Assigning and changing Emission Scenarios in an
81. e to define exceptions from this general value When you move the cursor from the field with numbers e g by pressing Enter or Tab the drawing is updated Leave Width the width of the street at 20 m Leave Length 1 and Length 2 at 50 meter These values are the distance from the receptors Rec 1 and Rec 2 where concentrations are calculated to the beginning and end of the street The beginning and the end of the street should be interpreted as beginning and end of a street section between two intersections Note however that you should not indicate values larger than 75 m even if the distances may be greater Set Orientation at 45 thus indicating that the street s orientation is 45 degrees in relation to north Define the Receptor Height at 2 5 m Leave the Receptor 1 and the Receptor 2 check boxes checked This indicates that calculations will be performed for receptor points on both sides of the street Next specify that the buildings along the street are lower than 25 m within a certain section This is done by specifying the relevant wind sector Within the group Wind Sectors with Building Height Exceptions check the box below column 1 As an example enter 30 degrees for Lower Bound and 45 for Upper Bound The corresponding Height is set at 10 m The convention for indications of direction is that 0 or 360 is north 90 east etc The exception indicates that the building h
82. e traffic patterns is shown in Fig 4 6 The window displays information on the amount of traffic and on emission including a graphical representation In the window it is possible to change values but we will not use this feature now A click on OK leads back to the New Project window 23 i win0SPM Data Traffic National DK Type_A trf File Emissions Help Aa S W 2 NO New Vehicle List New Open Save Print EmiFact New Fuel List D WinOSPM Lists National DK Fuels_19939 fif Traffic Data ID ADT split up 25403 3 20340 4 3057 7 1186 7 287 5 531 0 D WinDSPMiLists National DK VehiclesD K_2003 vif Average Diurnal Traffic vehiclesshour 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 24 Hour IV All vehicles A IV PAS_Car B IV Vans G I Truck_4 D IV Truck_2 E IV Buses F 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 Hour Show as Number of Vehicles C Show as fraction of Daily Total C Show as fraction of All Vehicles Average Daily Traffic J 25400 Travel Speed km h 30 Scenario Year Mandag Torsdag Januar Juni August December 76 0 CAT Joos z Speed short Speed lang Cold Starts All vehicles PAS_Car Yans Truek_1 Truck_2 Buses kmin kmh 6 143 9 120 7 10 8 36 45 43 324 27 3 7 0 62 7 48 7 64 44 23 15 33 6 30 0 70 45 1 30 2 39 79 14 16 345 32 7 70 39 8 89 4 301 6 1114 4 1917 5 1760 2 1508 2 1482 6 1599 5 1617 4 1689 7 1902 6 2196 0
83. ear 2003 ZCAT 1990 1995 Trf File D 5 Data Traffic N ational D1999 V List File D ALists Nationah DK ehid eem Fig 8 4 The Scenario Year can be changed using the drop down list box New Vehicle and Fuel List Files can also be associated with the project without changing the Scenario Year The menu item Project Set Vehicle List or the associated toolbar icon Fig 8 3 right opens a dialog box where the name of a new Vehicle List File can be typed or selected from the Windows Open File dialog box The procedure is the same for the Fuel List Files It s important to note that these files need not to be the same as referenced in the Scenario List file Because all the information on the national fleet composition and the fuel quality is contained in the Vehicle and Fuel List files or more precisely in the files that are referenced to in these list files assigning these files to a project is sufficient to determine all the emission scenario conditions The information on the Scenario Year and the Vehicle and Fuel List files will be saved together with the project data If the project was created using fleet share data that where generated as temporary data only Section 8 7 1 both the Scenario Year and the name of the Vehicle List will be marked with brackets when entering the Calculation window Fig 8 5 upper In this case the information on the assigned fleet share data will not be saved with t
84. ear 365 days it does not matter which of the two option buttons is selected Otherwise there is a difference between the two Show as Percentage of Available Data Percentile values are shown in the standard Summary Results Table as percentage of the available data Show as n Highest Values are shown an n th highest concentration regardless the number of the available data Minimum hours for calculation of Running 8 hour Average The minimum number of the consecutive hours required for calculation of the 8 hours running averages When the number of non missing observations either measured or modelled is less than the specified number the 8 hours running average is not calculated The number must be in the range 1 to 8 Minimum 8 hour Averages for calculation of Daily Maximum The minimum number of 8 hours running averages during a day required for calculation of the daily maximum When the number of non missing observations either measured or modelled is less than the specified number the daily maximum is not calculated The number must be in the range 1 to 24 Checkboxes for compounds The grid of checkboxes allows the user to select pollutants for which running 8 hour averages should be calculated Furthermore the user can specify whether 8 hour running averages should be calculated for both modelled and measured data Important Whether or not the calculated values are actually shown in the standard
85. eight is 10 m in the sector from 30 to 45 degrees 21 HELS Configuration untitled x Street Geometry Height rn Width rm Length 1 rm Length 2 rm Orientation deg a of x f s JV AutoRedraw Street Name ReDraw Storegade a Receptor Height im 25 JV Receptor 1 Lower tag E Upper Brdz JV Receptor 2 Wind Sectors bay Building nemah eae 2 3 5 6 7 8 10 gp TE CE ee et E ma fc el ae d aka E EE Sms E mf mee amar fame ee ve Fa set o SE ST EN aoe oe oe ow oe lull ll Reset OK Cancel Help Fig 4 4 The Street Configuration window Finally press OK which brings you back to the New Project window Traffic variation Your next task is to specify Traffic Data i e the distribution of traffic flow over time for all types of vehicles An easy way to do this is by applying standard values Do so by choosing Pre defined diurnal traffic types Alternatively it is possible to apply files with user defined data The relevant part of the New Project window is shown in Fig 4 5 22 m Set Traffic Data Pre defined diurnal traffic User defined O e types data Type_A Add File Average Daily Traffic Veh day 25400 Traffic Data in Travel Speed Hourly User Files kmh 30 N B Can be set with other User defined data See ee eee ee m Traffic File Name D WwinOSPM Data T raffic N ational Dt View Edit Traff
86. elect Files of type All Picture Files bmp dib gif jpg wmf Y Cancel Remove Map x Left 0 Y Top 9440 Help Map Scale 1 a Y Bottom 0 Fig 14 8 A background map can be added to a multi street project The map is used for graphical presentation of the results The Select Map window Fig 14 8 can be used to associated a background map to the multi street project Presence of a map file is not mandatory but is useful for graphical presentation of the results The map can be any picture file in a Bitmap format bmp dib GIF format gif JPEG format jpg Windows Metafile format wmf The picture contained in the selected file is shown for a preview in the picture box of the Select Map window 93 94 The user must specify the geographical co ordinates of the map The Y Top co ordinate refers to the vertical co ordinate of the upper border of the map Y Bottom co ordinate refers to the vertical co ordinate of the lower border of the map X Left to the horizontal co ordinate of the left border When showing the street segments on the map the map co ordinate system is used to position the streets on the map All co ordinate values must be given in metres The Map Scale parameter is used to scale the map view with respect to the original size of the map picture A scale value of e g 2 will result that the map picture will be shown at a size that is twic
87. emi File Name Cold Start Correction NOX PasGasolineNOX ccr File Name Cold Start Correction CO PasGasolineCO ccr File Name Cold Start Correction Benzene PasGasolineVOC cor F Type name of the file or use Browse to find the file D winOSPM D ata E mission Shared RB PasCarGasoli Browse Cancel Edit Pollutants View File i Cancel red K Fig 8 8 New pollutants included in the Pollutants List can be added to the Vehicle or Fuel List File Corresponding files with emission factor expressions must be added to the List too 60 9 Meteorology background and other user provided Hourly Input Data OSPM requires that meteorological and urban background data are available for each calculation hour The required data are wind speed wind direction temperature and global radiation Wind speed and wind directions are assumed to represent the conditions above roof level in the city Temperature and global radiation are used to calculate the chemical transformation between NO NO and O The urban background represents the general background pollution level in the city e g as measured above roof level In Chapter 4 the way of assigning predefined meteorological and urban background data was described It is however possible and often required to use own user provided meteorological and urban background data In the Calculation window click on the box Hourly Input Files thus making the
88. endix B explains structure and format of the actual traffic data files Pre defined traffic data files are always of the so called Default type explained in the Appendix B where traffic data are specified in terms of relative distributions not as absolute numbers Chapter 4 Getting started an example illustrates how pre defined traffic data are applied in a new project As an alternative to pre defined traffic data a user can choose to specify user provided traffic data Typically such data contain traffic data specified as number of vehicles per hour not as a fraction of the daily total Furthermore traffic speed is given in terms of speed in km hour and not as a weight related to the travel speed In this case the user does not need to specify the Average Daily Traffic neither to specify the travel speed However it is possible to have user provided data which are similar in structure to pre defined data in that they do not contain absolute numbers but relative distributions and weights The precise structure of files with traffic data is explained in Appendix B A third way to specify traffic data is to supply hourly traffic data In this case the number of vehicles as vehicles per hour must be provided hour by hour in user specified files Data must be given for all vehicle types specified in the current Vehicle List File this file is explained in Chapter 8 The concept of Composed Vehicle type explained in
89. es hour and the emission factors g vehicle km The traffic flow in a street is normally specified in terms of vehicle counts for few vehicle types only These types can e g be passenger cars vans trucks and buses Each of these vehicle types can however be composed of several different vehicle sub categories depending on the type of the fuel the technology and size of the engine the emission reduction equipment such as catalytic converters and also the age of the vehicle Emission factors for these sub categories can differ substantially The decomposition of the vehicle traffic into the sub categories is normally not known on the level of a single street but at best can be estimated on the national level The methodology for calculations of emission factors that is adapted in WinOSPM is based on the European Emission Model COPERT http vergina eng auth gr mech lat copert copert htm In the COPERT model the emission factors are specified for a number of vehicle sub categories covering the majority of European vehicle types The emission factors specified for each of the vehicle categories are assumed to be universal i e they don t depend on the Country setting However the subdivision into the sub categories is country specific It depends o the national fleet share The expressions for emission factors that are given in COPERT are based on analysis of a very large amount of data from several European vehicle testing labo
90. file and subsequently pressing the Select button 14 2 The Edit tab The data contained in the selected data file are automatically displayed in the next tab window the Edit window Fig 14 3 which was initially deactivated greyed The file with the street data collection consists of a number of records One record for each of the streets The data given in the records are the same data as required for single street calculations However beside the street geometry data also information on the traffic in the street is provided here The traffic data are given as the name of the file with specification of the diurnal traffic variation se Chapter 7 and if required with specification of the Average Daily Traffic and the Travel Speed im Street Collection F vinOSPMSetup DISK_1 Samples MultiStreets CPHStreetsNew str Edit New Select Map Select File ETS ee trf Bredgade tates Bredgade tif Frederikssundsve 2480 Frederikssundsyvej trf IG othersgade 5661 IG othersgade trf HCAndersensB oulevard 4984 HCAndersensB oulev lJ agtve 3845 lJ agtvej trf Noerrebrogade 4196 Noerrebrogade trf Desterbrogade 15305 Ji Desterbrogade trf PKnudsensgade 2940 PKnudsensgade trf Vesterbrogade 4378 Vesterbrogade tif Vestervaldoade FnAG Vesternvaldaade trf Load from Project Use data from existing OSPM single street project Save Show Streets
91. files with statistics 68 12 13 14 15 11 3 Output files with daily averages 69 Options 71 12 1 Concentration Units 79 Special Mode Interaction between air quality wind and street geometry 81 13 1 Settings affecting NO calculations 84 Multi Streets Mode Creating new Project 87 14 1 The Select File tab 88 14 2 The Edit tab 88 14 3 The New tab 90 14 3 1 Manual editing 90 14 3 2 Entering data from an existing OSPM single street project 91 14 3 3 Editing tools 92 14 4 The Select Map tab 93 14 5 Using the map for viewing and editing the street geographical co ordinates 94 14 6 Multi Streets Calculation and Results Windows 95 14 7 User defined output files 98 List of input and output variables 101 15 1 Hourly input and output variables 101 15 2 Statistical variables 104 15 3 Daily averages 105 15 4 Multi Streets 106 Appendix A Pre defined traffic data Traffic list files 109 Appendix B Traffic Data Files 111 Appendix C File Location and Naming Convention 116 File Location 116 Naming Convention 118 Various ways to access Help The User s Guide 1 Introduction The present User s Guide serves as an introduction to the use of the Windows version of the Operational Street Pollution Model OSPM The Windows version of OSPM is distributed under the name WinOSPM The OSPM model has been developed by the Department of Atmospheric Environment National Environmental Research Institute Denmark
92. ft 57 Scenario Year ZCAT Tr File W List File F List File Average Daily Traffic Travel Speed km h City Size inhabitants D Data T raffic N ational DKAType_ a trf D 4 Lists National XDK VehiclesD K_2003 vif D WinOSPM Lists National DK Fuels_19939 flf 2003 File Project View Tools Settings Mode re Ae Set Street Configuration Ctrl S none Net Set Traffic File Ctrl T Set Vehicle List File Ctrl Set Fuel List File Ctrl F Set Concentration Units Ctri U Set Urban Background 25400 Conditions 30 Options 50000 100000 z ti Street Trf File List Set Vehicle List File F List Units Fig 8 3 The information on the actual Scenario Year the assigned Vehicle and Fuel List Files is provided in the upper left frame of the Calculation window The Vehicle and the Fuel List Files can be selected using the Project menu item or the associated toolbar icon 58 The Scenario Year can be changed using the drop down list box and selecting one of the year items displayed in the list Fig 8 4 The displayed list will depend on the current Country setting However the only year entries that will be available are those which have a set of Vehicle and Fuel Files associated with them in the national Scenario List file Section 8 1 New fleet share data cannot be generated from within the Calculation window Scenario Y
93. g the Day Case specification indicate the ratio with respect to the annual average daily traffic In the shown example Listing B 1 the average daily traffic on Monday to Thursday and all months but not July and of vehicle type PAS_Car is 1 0323 of the Average Daily Traffic The corresponding value for Vans is 1 0382 etc The subsequent block of lines starts with a heading line indicating hour of the day from 1 to 24 the vehicle types the traffic speed of short and long vehicles and Cold Start percentage see the sections Vehicle Speed and Cold Start for further explanation of these parameters The numeric values in the columns with the vehicle type heading specify the fraction of the total daily traffic that is attributed to the particular vehicle type for the hour of the day that is specified in the column Hour within each day case The values in each column with the vehicle type heading must sum up to 1 The numeric values in the columns with the traffic speed headings are weights applied to the daily average traffic speed that is attributed to the particular hour of the day for respectively short and long vehicles see the section Vehicle Speed for further explanation of these parameters The sum of the values in each of the two columns should be 24 The numeric values in the column under the heading Cold_start specify the fraction in of all the vehicles that for the parti
94. harts as a BMP file Windows Bitmap using File Save As The graphics can be copied to the clipboard using Edit Copy or printed using File Print 83 m Graphics File Edit View Window mW nox_1_gor T 2 2 x e a Ea 120 o w 6210 w m w wm w Wind Direction Wind Direction NOX ppb a 120 160 140 210 2 m wm Fig 13 4 Charts created based on a set of calculations in Special Mode The street configuration is the one from the example given in Chapter 3 The dependence of the NO concentrations in the street on wind direction and wind speed is show for both sides of the street 84 The user needs not to close the Graphics window in order to perform new OSPM calculations In order to view graphs with the latest results use the menu File Results In this way the results from several OSPM rurs can be viewed graphically simultaneously Note As soon as the Graphics Window is closed only the latest OSPM results will be available for the graphical presentation next time the Graphics Window is opened 13 1 Settings affecting NO calculations Various settings that affect calculations of NO in the Special Mode can be changed using the Options sheet NO2 Fig 13 5 This Option Sheet is available when in the Special Mode from the menu item Project Options Fig 13 2 Note The values specified here have no relationship at all to the corresponding values used in the Standard Mode calculati
95. he actual Scenario year The list of pollutants is important because their names and order is used by the program to assign the particular emission factor files to the right pollutants A Vehicle List File consists of several blocks Each block contains information relevant for a particular vehicle category For convenience the first line of each block in Listing 8 2 is highlighted The first line of a block starts with the name of the respective vehicle category This name is only used internally in the program and any text string can be specified The only restriction is that this name must be unique i e different vehicle categories can t share the same name In the example shown in Listing 8 2 the first referenced vehicle category refers to passenger gasoline cars The name of the vehicle type as it is used in connection with the street traffic data is the next text variable This name must exactly correspond to the vehicle type name used in the traffic files In the example shown in Listing 8 2 the first referenced vehicle type refers to all passenger cars i e passenger cars irrespective of the used fuel and engine type 47 48 The actual fuel type is given as the text Gasoline identifying the vehicle category as a gasoline car The fuel name must correspond exactly to the name given for the respective fuel type in the corresponding Fuel List file The next variable refers to the length class of the respective vehicl
96. he fuel For future applications the fuel composition is in WinOSPM also given for sulphur and for lead The sub division of vehicles into the sub categories follows basically the European legislation criteria for road transport The emission expressions provided in COPERT are not only given for the present vehicle fleet but also for the future vehicle types based on the expected emission reduction norms This makes it possible to conduct calculations not only of the present but also of the future expected air quality in streets This requires however that also a forecast of the future traffic composition is available 8 1 Scenario List File Because the traffic composition is changing over the years the actual year is the key parameter for determination of the emissions The traffic emissions are thus calculated depending on the Country setting and the selected calculation year the Scenario Year Depending on the Country setting different set of Scenario Years is available for calculations The list of the available pre defined scenario data is specified in the file Scenarios st the Scenario List File This is a text file ASCII and can be edited by any text editor However it s recommended to use the Settings Scenarios menu option to edit this list file The program EmiFact which is distributed together with WinOSPM can also be used for automatic modification of this list and generation of the necessary data referenced
97. he project data An information message on this will be issued by the program when user attempts to save the project Fig 8 5 lower Scenario Year jog gt 4 CAT 80 1 Trf File D Data T raffic National DKA Type_a tf V List File data created not saved Year 2004 F List File D WinOSPM Lists National DK Fuels_1993 flf OO ml G The currently used Fleet Share or Fuel data are not saved to a permanent file and can t be saved with the project Do you want to save the project without these files Fig 8 5 When using temporary data the name of the Vehicle List file and the Scenario Year are shown with brackets No reference to these data can be saved with the project 8 7 3 Viewing and editing the Vehicle and Fuel List Files The contents of the currently assigned Vehicle and Fuel List files can be viewed or edited using the tools provided by WinOSPM The menu item View View Edit Vehicle List Data or the associated toolbar icon Fig 8 6 opens the Vehicle List in the List Editor window Fig 8 7 A corresponding menu item starts the List Editor for a Fuel List File view Tools Settings Mode Help Results Summary Gtr R View Edit Traffic Data BW View Edit Yehicle List Data View Edit Fuel List Data S4 R Vehicles Fuels Results View Edit Vehicle List File Fig 8 6 The contents of the currently assigned Vehicle or Fuel List Files can be viewed using the Tools menu item or the associated toolbar i
98. he type of a file is determined by in which of the 3 following File Lists the file is located e Hourly input files e Hourly output files e Statistics and others The type of output files which can be produced depends additionally on the two modes of the WinOSPM operation e Single street mode e Multi street mode Under Statistics and others it is possible to output results which are not generated for each calculation hour These output types are as follows e statistical parameters e g averages percentiles etc e daily averages e results from Multi Streets calculations Almost all input variables can also be written to an hourly output file Hourly output files may additionally include such variables as modelled concentration levels emission data traffic data and several variables related to turbulence conditions in the street Variables for hourly input and output files are described together while Statistics and others are dealt with separately 15 1 Hourly input and output variables The nomenclature to describe pollutants is subdivided into three groups concentrations emission input and flags for special modelling procedures The general nomenclature for concentrations is cPOL_type_side I II where c is concentration POL is pollutant type is different pollution regimes and side is side 1 or 2 of the street POL can be any of the pollutants included in the OSPM calculations as e g B
99. ic Fig 4 5 Traffic data are defined in this section of the New Project window As an example choose Type_A When the cursor moves over the field a brief explanatory note is shown In this case where Danish data are used the explanation is in Danish Gennemfartsvej i middelstore eller mindre byer meaning Through road in medium sized or small towns A pre defined traffic data set like the one used is a file with information on the relative distribution of vehicle types such as e g passenger cars vans trucks and buses over time indicated as the fraction of the daily total The Country setting determines the availability of pre defined traffic data In order to use the pre defined traffic data for a particular street you must specify an Average Daily Traffic vehicles per day as an average over the year and an average travel speed for the street The travel speed is an average speed for a street section of length 100 200 meter close to the receptors For the sake of the example choose 25400 vehicles per day and 30 km h This completes the specification of traffic data You can now press the button View Edit Traffic in order to study or edit the distribution of the number of vehicles and their speed hour by hour Data for the various vehicle types are shown for each vehicle type Further there are several Day cases representing different days of the week and months of the year The window with thes
100. ific The National sub directory consists of several at least one Country Code folders to which we will refer as CountryCode folders Predefined default traffic files are located in the CountryCode folder This folder will normally also contain files with the national fleet share data Excel files and mileage data Excel files If available the Access Database file providing data on the national vehicle fleet will normally be located in this folder The sub directory MetBack has only one sub directory National This sub directory contains input files that are related to meteorology and background concentrations All such files are country specific The National sub directory consists of several at least one Country Code folders to which we will refer as CountryCode folders Files with predefined meteorology and background concentrations data either urban or regional will as default be located in the CountryCode folder This folder may also contain files with data on urban emissions for selected pollutants Lists is the name of the sub directory where different list files are located These files may contain some data but they are mainly providing references to other data files In the following we will refer 117 Shared National Country Code SharedEmissionPath CountryEmissionPath SharedListPath CountryListPath CountryTrafficPath CountryMetBackPath 118 to this sub directory as Lists The Lists
101. iles Beside the file list the List provides also the short name of the file Name To Show by which the file will be presented to the User and a short descriptive text Help Text which describes the contents of the data In the shown example Fig 3 5 this text is provided in Danish w Standard Meteorology and Background Files g x File Name To Show RegionalDK_2000 mdb Sjaelland_2000 Sjaelland_201 0 RegionalDK_2000 mdb Fyn_2000 RegionalDK_2000 mdb NordJylland_2000 Help Text RegionalDK_2000 mdbVestJylland_2000 Meteorologiske og regionale RegionalDK 2000 mdb OestJylland 2000 bagarundsdata for Sj lland RegionalDK 2010 mdb Sjaelland 2010 Scenarie 4r 2010 Meteorologi 2000 fea RegionalDK_2010 mdb Fyn_2010 RegionalDK_2010 mdb NordJylland_2010 x Add File Remove File Change File View File Format File Restore Help Fig 3 5 The List of Standard Meteorology and Background Files contains a list of files with pre defined input data on meteorological and background concentration values that can be used for OSPM calculations As a rule the Standard Meteorology Background Files will contain data on the meteorological parameters and regional rural background concentrations The regional background concentrations are used together with the data provided in the Standard Urban Data Files to calculate the urban background concentrations The Standard Meteorology and B
102. ing Concentration Units whereas others apply to all projects in a given working folder this applies to options set through Project Options 29 6 Street configuration The Street Configuration window can be accessed through the menu Project Set Street Configuration or by pressing the Street button In this window you can define street geometry The various input parameters will be briefly explained EZ Configuration D WinOSPM Working JAGT_99 05P Street Geometry Height m Width m Length 1 m Length 2 m Orientation deg 18 25 70 50 30 V AutoRedraw Street Name Redraw Jagtvej Receptor Height 25 m 25 m Lower Bound Receptor 1 r Upper Bound IV Receptor 2 Wind Perto with pujtding Heian Excepuons eye a i i ani aai ET Uron ae 55 230 so QM A AA OD m o o a a a a a S a v d gf mw nf ns sn 8 SB SB 8 go Reset OK Cancel Help Fig 6 1 The Street Configuration window where buildings have been wrapped down as if they were a piece of cardboard The bounds for one sector with building exceptions are displayed These bounds correspond to Sector 1 because one of the fields in the Sector 1 column has been highlighted by double clicking in this field Length Don t specify values larger than 75 m 30 Height is the average height of buildings along the street Width is the width of the street between building f
103. is a reference to a Vehicle and Fuel List File Section 8 1 An example corresponding to such a condition is shown in Fig 8 1 The user can select any of the years from the list and this year will be the actual Scenario Year in the project The names of the Vehicle and Fuel List files corresponding to this Scenario Year will be saved together with the project data Scenario Year 1999 x Fig 8 1 An example of the list of the predefined Scenario Years It a fleet share database is referenced in the Scenario List File all the years from First Scenario Year to Last Scenario Year Section 8 1 will be displayed in the drop down list Fig 8 2 However the only Scenario Years for which the Vehicle and Fuel List Files are assigned to in the Scenario List File are immediately available for the project A message text informing whether or not the data are already available for a particular year will appear when the mouse pointer is hovered over the list items Scenario Year 20 Scenario Year 2005 2003 zkground Measure d ical and Data not available Can be generated 2003 E culations without Special Mode ickground Measure pns id defined gical and ae If the selected year is not one for which the data are already available the data will be generated based on the information contained in the fleet database file However these data will only be temporary It will be possible to conduct calculation
104. it will open the Change File dialog box Fig 7 5 left The name of the new traffic file can be typed here or the new file can after pressing the Browse button be selected using Windows standard Open File dialog box Exactly the same result can be achieved using the menu item Project Set Traffic File or the corresponding toolbar icon Fig 7 5 right Scenario Year 2003 gt i Input Files ZCAT mE fie Hourly Input Files D Win0SPM Data MetB ack National DK RegionalDK_z Tif File D Data Traffic N ational DKAT ype_a trf V List File D Lists National DK VYehiclesDK_2003 vif F List File D WinOSPM Lists National DK Fuels_1999 fF Average Diurnal Traffic File Average Daily Traffic 25400 1 D windSPM Data Tratfic National DK Type_A ti Travel Speed km h 30 Ou tpu T City Size inhabitants 50 000 100 000 Hourly Output Files Fig 7 4 Part of the Calculation window relevant for assignment of traffic data Input Files E winOSPM Calculation D TestOSPM Storegade osp Hourly Input Files File Project View Tools Settings Mode Help D Win0SPM Data MetB ack National DK RegionalDK_z Set Street Configuration Ctrl 5 VLF Set Traffic File ile List l Set Vehicle List File Ctrl Average Diurnal Traffic File Set Fuel List File Ctrl F D WinDSPM Data T raffic N ational DK T ype_A trf Set Concentration Units
105. iurnal variation See Chapter 7 on description of Traffic Data used with WinOSPM calculations w Standard Traffic Data Files Name To Show Type_E Help Text Hovedgade i centrumomrade store byer Traffic Editor E Fig 3 7 The List of Standard Traffic Data contains a list of files with pre defined traffic data for selected street types 16 Beside the file list the List provides also the short name of the file Name To Show by which the file will be presented to the User and a short descriptive text Help Text which describes the contents of the data In the shown example Fig 3 7 this text is provided in Danish The Standard Traffic Data Files are optional If not available the WinOSPM can still be used but with user provided data see Chapter 7 How to add delete or edit the items in the Standard Traffic Data Files List is explained in the on line Help Scenarios The Scenarios List contains a list of files with data referring to vehicle emission factor conditions for a particular year Files in the Vehicles List File column provide references to vehicle fleet composition data files while files in the Fuels List File column contain data on fuel composition for the particular year Fig 3 8 See Chapter 8 for more details on Emission Scenarios and Vehicle or Fuel files LTT x Fleet Database File Start Year End Year FleetDK mdb 1985 2030 Requires View AEA Delete Change t
106. k_2 the semicolon separating the two strings is mandatory In this particular example the values 0 8 and 0 2 indicate that the vehicle type Truck_1 constitutes 0 8 of the vehicle type Trucks while the vehicle type Truck_2 constitutes 0 2 of the vehicle type Trucks This rule of composition can be used to combine several basic vehicle types into one vehicle type An example of such traffic data 113 114 file where the traffic data are provided only for two composed vehicle types Light and Heavy is shown in Listing B 3 The second line of the file shown in Listing B 2 contains only text with identification of the street for which the traffic data are provided This text is used for information only The third line contains only the specification of the Day Case The rules are the same as in the case of the Default Type traffic files Listing B 2 The only difference is that the block with the specification of the moths of the year can be omitted totally i e even quotation marks are not required if this block is omitted The remaining part of the file has the same structure as a Default Type file The only difference is that the traffic data are provided as number of vehicles per hour and the speed as the actual speed in km hour Listing B 2 The beginning of a traffic file which is not of Default type This file contains absolute numbers Traffic Data PAS Car Vans Truc
107. ks 0 8 Truck_1 0 2 Truck_2 Buses Jagtvej 1994 lt 6 lt gt 7 Hour PAS_Car Vans Trucks Buses V_short v_long Cold_start ak 262 0 14 0 4 0 6 0 50 0 45 0 0 0 2 139 0 7 0 4 0 0 0 50 0 45 0 0 0 3 93 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 50 0 45 0 0 0 4 78 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 50 0 45 0 0 0 5 95 0 4 0 5 0 1 0 40 0 35 0 0 0 6 227 0 10 0 12 0 1 0 40 0 35 0 0 0 7 726 0 95 0 49 0 3 0 40 0 35 0 10 0 8 426 0 94 0 77 0 8 0 30 0 30 0 10 0 9 520 0 91 0 90 0 8 0 30 0 30 0 10 0 10 257 0 94 0 79 0 26 0 40 0 35 0 5 0 11 250 0 88 0 90 0 20 0 40 0 35 0 540 12 261 0 94 0 86 0 8 0 40 0 35 0 5 0 13 371 0 28 0 72 0 28 0 40 0 35 0 5 0 14 363 0 83 0 64 0 29 0 40 0 35 0 570 15 487 0 78 0 56 0 26 0 40 0 35 0 5 0 16 593 0 66 0 39 0 24 0 40 0 35 0 5 0 17 646 0 27 0 34 0 5 0 40 0 35 0 5 20 18 529 0 10 0 23 0 4 0 40 0 35 0 5 0 19 427 0 76 0 14 0 7 0 40 0 35 0 5 0 20 061 0 71 0 10 0 5240 40 0 35 0 5 0 21 795 0 47 0 9 0 9 0 40 0 35 0 5 0 22 784 0 42 0 6 0 0 0 50 0 45 0 5 0 23 858 0 43 0 2 0 3 0 50 0 45 0 0 0 24 629 0 23 0 0 1 0 50 0 45 0 0 0 26 lt gt 7 Hour PAS_Car Vans Trucks Buses V_short v_long Cold_start 1 615 0 31 0 2 0 8 0 50 0 45 0 0 0 2 459 0 23 0 0 0 3 0 50 0 45 0 0 0 3 337 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 45 0 0 0 4 257 0 10 0 0 0 2 0 50 0 45 0 0 0 5 221 0 11 0 1 0 1 0 50 0 45 0 0 0 6 186 0 9 0 5 0 4 0 50 0 45 0 0 0 Listing B 3 An example of a traffic file where the concept of the Composed vehicle type is used Traffic Data Jagtvej 3 lt 6 lt gt 7 Hour Ligh
108. l My Network P I Open as read only Fig 14 6 Data from an existing single street OSPM project can be added to the street collection file This option is available both in the Edit tab window and the New tab window The Load from Project button opens an Open file dialog box from which the appropriate OSPM file single street can be 91 92 EM oe I Bredoade I Frederikssu I Gothersgad To _ HCAnderse P KI Weatvel ELT Noenebrog LT Desterbrog KI Pnudsens el I Westerrose ie selected The data from this file are transferred to the street collection of the multi street project The user can subsequently edit the data if it is required The new data are always appended to the existing collection of data as the last record The only exception is when the new data are added to a newly created data collection in the New tab window In this case the first record which originally contained only dummy data is overwritten with the new data An important constrain on the records in the multi street collection is that the Street Name parameter must be unique It s not allowed to have two records with the same street name The street name is used as a record identifier and must be unique 14 3 3 Editing tools street Configuration F WinOSPMSetup DISK_1 Samples Multistreets CPHStreetsNew stt i M Herav DC z EJ Ta a E a E a BIEJED J J J J J S
109. lation of the software If wanted the location of the emission factor expressions can be changed by the user As an example a listing of NO emission factor expressions for gasoline passenger cars is given in Listing 8 4 The file can be edited by any text editor but a special editing software is provided with WinOSPM The program EmiFact can be used both for editing and graphical visualisation of the vehicle emission factors This software can be used as a stand alone program or can be invoked from WinOSPM The structure of the emission factor expression files must correspond to the structure of a corresponding vehicle fleet file The emission factor expressions are given in blocks starting with the heading that specifies the engine technology Each line with the emission factor expressions is preceded with the text specifying the particular engine capacity class Due to the way in which the files are read by the software each vehicle engine technology heading must also contain a number specifying the number of the following lines in the block i e the number of referenced engine capacities Beside the basic split up into classes depending on the engine technology and capacity an additional grouping is used too In the particular example shown in Listing 8 4 this grouping shown by a highlighted text consists of all conventional vehicles prior to the catalytic converters technology and catalyst vehicles The numbers that follow the
110. les should be calculated for both modelled and measured data Important Whether or not the calculated values are actually shown in the standard Results Summary Table depends additionally on the options specified on the property sheet General Property sheet Running Averages Gj options D TestOSPM Run opt Annual Averages General Daily Averages No Advanced Hourly Percentiles Running Averages JV Calculate Running Averages rm Set Conditions Show as C Show as Percentage n Highest of vailable Data 5 Minimum hours for calculation of Running 8 hour Average p Minimum 8 hour Averages for calculation of Daily Maximum NOx NO NO2 03 Benzene PM10 None io o o Cc io ce Modelled only C C C O Measured only C s 2 2 Both Cc C Cc C Reset OK Cancel Help Fig 12 4 Property sheet Running Averages Some limit values are based on running averages This option makes it possible for the user to select those pollutants for which running averages should be calculated The user can also define the minimum hours required for calculation of the running averages and the daily maximum 74 Checkbox Calculate Running Averages Running averages and percentiles of 8 hours running averages are calculated only if the checkbox is selected Option buttons Show as These option buttons refer to the standard Results Summary Table If the available data covers exactly one y
111. n the opposite side of the street The state of the checkbox determines whether calculations are performed for the receptor point Receptor Height Height above the street level for which the calculations are performed Applies to both receptor points Wind sectors with building height exceptions It is possible to specify up to 12 wind sectors where the building height is different from the general height Fig 6 1 shows an example where the general building height is 10 meter while there are 3 exceptions The building height is 25 m for directions between 215 and 230 degrees while it is 0 m for two other wind sectors It is mentioned above that for Length you should not indicate values greater than 75 m However please note that the limit of 75 m does not indicate when building height loses its significance If the row of houses along the street ends e g because there is an open area 200 m from the receptor you should take care to specify this through the building exceptions Otherwise the OSPM model will assume that the row of buildings continues over a very large distance and these two situations differ with respect to concentration values 31 32 The graphical representation of the street configuration can be Saved as a bitmap file bmp printed or copied to the Clipboard Click with the right mouse button opens a menu list from which the desired operation can be selected Fig 6 3 Fig 6 3 The graphi
112. name of the group refer to the number of vehicle classes engine technologies in each of the groups This grouping aggregation is used only in connection with presentation of emission factor data by the EmiFact program Also in WinOSPM and in the Traffic Editor Program TrafEdit the percentage of passenger catalyst cars is displayed but for information only It is important that all files with emission factor expressions for different pollutants have exactly the same structure Even if a pollutant is not emitted by a particular vehicle class an expression text must be provided in the file In this case the expression will just read 0 what means that the emission is zero The emission factor expressions must follow the normal rules for mathematical formulas The only variable that can be used in any of the expressions is the vehicle speed variable V Otherwise any combination of mathematical operators and functions and also logical operators such as AND OR IIF etc is allowed Users familiar with writing mathematical formulas in e g Excel should be familiar with the syntax It is however recommended to use the tools provided with EmiFact where the results of modifications can immediately be seen in form of graphs and numerical values 51 52 Listing 8 4 Conventional 7 PRE ECE 3 co lt 1 541 1 173 0 0225 V 0 00014 V 2 ec 1 4 2 01 1 36 0 0217 V 0 00004
113. nding textboxes all in ppb Also values for the temperature in degrees C and the global radiation in W m must be provided Chapter 12 Gj options D TestOSPM Run opt x Annual Averages General Daily Averages di Hourly Percentiles Running Averages I No wind direction averaging I No Traffic Induced Turbulence I No wind acceleration OBS This are special options which should not be used for standard applications of OSPM These options are not saved with the Option file Reset OK Cancel Help Fig 12 7 Property sheet Advanced For special studies the user may choose to force the OSPM model to disregard certain effects which are normally simulated by the model such as traffic induced turbulence These options should not be selected for standard applications of the OSPM model For special studies the user may choose to force the OSPM model to disregard certain effects which are normally simulated by the model such as traffic induced turbulence These options should not be selected for standard applications of the OSPM model Checkbox No Wind Direction Averaging As default the OSPM calculations are performed taking into account wind meandering i e the calculated concentrations are averaged over a certain wind direction angle depending on the actual wind speed Selecting this checkbox will suppress this wind direction averaging Set Concentration Units Checkbox No
114. nformation required for the particular scenario calculation In the following these files are referenced as the Vehicle List Files and the Fuel List Files The names of these files are saved together with the project file There are no restrictions on these file s names but it s most convenient to use extensions vlf and flf for Vehicle and Fuel List files respectively In the example shown in Listing 8 1 the actual path of these files is replaced by This means that the files are assumed to be located in the default directory for this type of files The default directories for the different types of files and the general rules for path specification are listed in Appendix C Listing 8 1 FleetDK mdb 1985 2030 1990 Vehicles 1990 vlf Fuels 1990 f1 1995 Vehicles 1995 vlf Fuels 1995 f1f 1999 Vehicles 1999 vlf Fuels 1999 f1 2005 VehiclesDK 2005 vlf Fuels 1999 f1 8 1 1 Vehicle List Files The Vehicle List Files contain basically pointers to other files which actually contain data used for calculations of emission factors Only the first line provides information on the Country Code the Scenario Year and the list of pollutants for which the emission factors are specified Actually both the Country Code and the Scenario Year are given for information only The data provided in the referenced files are already specific for the particular Country setting and t
115. nged using this form The calculated concentrations are automatically saved to 5 text files which are named nox_1 dat nox_2 dat no2_1 dat no2_2 dat and ospmout dat These files contain respectively concentrations of NO for side 1 of the street concentrations of NO for side 2 of the street concentrations of NO for side 1 of the street and concentrations of NO for side 2 of the street The last file ospmout dat contains all these data together and additionally also the calculated ozone concentrations for both sides of the street Note All these files will be located in the Working Directory of the project Every time a new calculation is performed these files are overwritten To preserve these files the user has to rename them or to move to another directory before performing a new calculation The results are not shown automatically when the calculations are finished The contents of the ospmout dat file can be viewed after pressing the button Results Fig 13 2 In order to view a graphical presentation of the results the user has to press the button Graphics Fig 13 2 which opens the Graphics Window An example of the graphics which can be displayed in this window is shown in Fig 13 4 The user can navigate between several charts using the menu item Window which also provides the facility to cascade the charts and to tile them horizontally or vertically The user may save the c
116. ns units is shown in Fig 12 8 for a project based on standard input data Only concentration units for the output files can be changed The form for concentrations units shown in Fig 12 9 is for a project with only user defined input files Concentration units can be changed both for the input and the output files Obviously the concentration units specified for the input files must correspond to actual units of the data in these files It s free for the user to select the output concentration units Note The same concentration units are valid for all the files i e input concentration units must be the same for all the input files and all the user defined output files as well hourly daily and statistics will share the output concentration units 79 Pb Concentration Units Xx Input Concentrators Output Concentrations NOX EE NOX fiom z NO T F NO ow E NO2 a Noz fugim F 03 T 03 ow E co ET co moe E Benzene opb Benzene usin PM10 fuse z E PM10 eoe E Definition Fig 12 8 Options for concentration units In the example shown the units for input cannot be changed because standard input files are used Pb Concentration Units xj Input Concentrations Output Concentrations NOx ppb NOx usin NO ppb v NO ppb X NO2 e E NO2 e E 03 ppb v 03 ppb X Benzene ppb 7 Benzene eoe PM10 ore F PM10 usin Fig 12 9 Options for concentration units In the example sho
117. of pollutants that can potentially be included in program calculations can be edited using this menu item Fig 3 2 However if calculations for a certain pollutant have to be carried out it is not sufficient that the pollutant is defined in the Pollutants List Whether calculations for the pollutant can be performed also depends on the contents of the Vehicle List File and the Fuel List File for the current 11 project see Chapter 8 for details on these List Files Pollutants must be defined in the Pollutants List before they can be included in a Vehicle List File or a Fuel List File The Pollutants List must at least contain NOX NO NO2 and O3 Pollutant Names for these compounds cannot be modified by the user ig Edit Pollutants List xi Pollutants Name Pollutants Long Name Default Output Units Default Input Units Emitte a NOX microg ppb microg ppb microg ppb microg ppb milig ppm Benzene microg ppb PM10 microg microg Note 1 The Pollutants List must at least contain NOX NO NO2 and 03 Note 2 The Default Output Units refer to the concentration units in the default output result files Note 3 The Default Input Units refer to the concentration units in the default input files Restore Help Fig 3 2 The Edit Pollutants List window is used to add delete or edit the list of pollutants that can potentially be used in program calculations 12 Pollutants Name is the name by
118. old start correction hot engine ColdStart is the fraction of vehicles running with cold engine given in the traffic files and ColdCorr is the correction factor that is calculated using the correction expressions 8 5 Mileage correction The data on average mileage for the respective vehicle classes are provided in one or more Excel files with one spreadsheet for each of the vehicle categories As an example listing of an Excel spreadsheet file with mileage data of gasoline passenger cars in 1999 in Denmark is shown in Listing 8 6 This listing as a copy of the spreadsheet PasGasoline contained in the Excel file MileageDK_1999 xls and was referenced previously in 53 Listing 8 2 For the sake of clarity of the presentation the listing doesn t contain all the columns from the original Excel file The mileage data Excel files have somewhat different structure than the vehicle fleet Excel files The column headings highlighted in Listing 8 6 contain both the name of the vehicle engine technology and the engine capacity The two parts are joined using an underscore sign _ As is the case for all other emission files the correct spelling of the class names is important but not case sensitive According to the COPERT methodology the increase of vehicle emissions is mainly due to degradation of the functioning of the emission reduction equipment catalytic converters with the mileage of the vehicles This process is a
119. ome of the vehicle classes might be absent in a file but in this case they have to be replaced by two quotes Listing 8 5 Conventional 7 PRE ECE 3 TER eksa LU MAX 0 14 0 006 T 0 ee 1 4 2 01 MAX 0 14 0 006 T 0 ees gt 250 1 MAX 0 14 0 006 T 0 ECE 15 00 01 3 ec lt 1 41 MAX 0 14 0 006 T 0 ee21 4 2 0L MAX 0 14 0 006 T 0 Togs MAX 0 14 0 006 T 0 ECE 15 02 3 ee eel 341 MAX 0 14 0 006 T 0 eCity 4 250 MAX 0 14 0 006 T 0 Veee gt 2 0L MAX 0 14 0 006 T 0 ECE 15 03 3 Noe lt i41 MAX 0 14 0 006 T 0 eG21 45201 MAX 0 14 0 006 T 0 eos 2501 MAX 0 14 0 006 T 0 ECE 15 04 3 p lia E R Buers MAX 0 14 0 006 T 0 ialok 44 201 MAX 0 14 0 006 T 0 aeea S Baa MAX 0 14 0 006 T 0 Improved Conv 2 eee vay MAX 0 14 0 006 T 0 CC E a a 2201 85 MAX 0 14 0 006 T 0 Open Loop 2 mardi Rue MAX 0 14 0 006 T 0 WEG 1 4201 MAX 0 14 0 006 T 0 Catalyst 4 EURO I 3 Neos lt 1 41 ITE V lt 25 MAX 0 245 0 00738 T 0 0461 V 0 MAX 0 384 0 0234 T 0 0513 MIN V 45 0 NOG e4 22 01 ITE V lt 25 MAX 0 236 0 00747 T 0 0458 V 0 MAX 0 315 0 0228 T 0 0484 MIN V 45 0 NCGS AAE ITE V lt 25 MAX 0 173 0 00566 T 0 0343 V 0 MAX 0 272
120. ompounds gt Add File Remove File VYiew Format Help Stop Continue Pause Fig 4 8 The Calculation window This window is the central working window Result window 26 At the end of calculations you are brought to the Result window Fig 4 9 This window shows statistical summary data compared to various air quality limit values These limit values are country specific The parameters are computed for Receptor number 1 and 2 at each side of the street There is a sheet with results for each receptor As default a sheet is presented which contains maximum values for the two receptors If you are interested in the concentrations in the street look at the lines labelled Street Modelled These values represent the total concentration in the street including the background contribution The numbers labelled Background indicate concentrations in the urban background away from the street Please note that a certain set of options determines which set of parameters is displayed These options are set through the menu Project Options and they are discussed in more detail in Chapter 12 iq Summary of Results for Storegade Calculated on 07 03 2003 19 53 04 untitled File Format Window wl 4 e Save Open Print Street Storegade Calculated on 07 03 2003 19 53 04 Average Daily Traffic 25400 Calculated 25386 Default Traffic Type_A_tf Emission Scenario Year 2003 Period Cove
121. on Add File active Click the button Add File to obtain a dialog box where a new file can be named The user has to specify the extension of the file With the extension xls output data will be generated in Excel format This is often to be preferred The extension mdb will create a file in Access database format All other extensions e g txt dat etc will result in a text format output If an Excel or Access format is chosen the user will be asked to specify the name of the worksheet since Excel and Access files may consist of several worksheets or tables When the user specifies a file name it is displayed in red as a warning indicating that the variable list is empty The user has to specify the variables Output Files Hourly Output Files Storegade_hourly txt Statistics and other O N B File Names in RED have an empty Variable List Format the Files Add File Remove File Change File Fig 11 1 Text displayed in red warns that the variable list is empty and that it has to be specified View Format 67 View the output file 68 Double click on the new file name or select it and then click on the button View Format The dialog box in Fig 11 2 appears Gj Format File Storegade_hourly txt x Help View File Variable List Format List i H Load Saved List Show Variables Delete ltem Load from Project Save Variable List OK
122. ons 05F Options D TestOSPM Run opt Fig 13 5 The parameters that have effect for calculations of NO in the Special Mode can be changed using this Options sheet 85 86 14 Multi Streets Mode Creating new Project In the multi streets mode the calculations are performed for several streets at the same program run The input data requirement are the same as for the single street operation but the procedure for creation of a project is different The New Project window when initiating a project in the multi streets mode is shown in Fig 14 1 To start a Multi Streets project you have to select the Multi Streets icon in the dialog box wind that appears after pressing the menu item New in the WinOSPM main window see Fig 4 1 Help Country Denmark 7 aa Multi Streets Scenario Year 2003 Input Data and Files Accept calculations without 7 x Input Files Special Mode Meteorology Background Measured Concentrations Pre defined C User defined meteorological and data backqround data Add File none City Size inhabitants a i Remove File r File Names Output Files user defined optional c Hourly Gutput Files m Statistics and other Output Files Add File Remove File Add File Remove File m File Names File Names OK Cancel Help Fig 14 1 The New Project window for a Multi Street
123. ons For more details you are referred to the subsequent chapters You may start the program through Start Programs OSPM WinOSPM or use the desktop icon A drop down list allows you to choose country The country setting defines the choice of data for national car fleet composition and for fuel quality Furthermore this setting determines which standard predefined data will be available The program is currently distributed with a set of predefined data for Denmark A new country entry can be created by selecting the Add New item For this example choose Denmark Select File Create New Project or click on the New button in order to start a new project You will be asked to choose a Working Directory i e a folder where project related files are kept The next window is the Project Type window Fig 4 1 Select Project Type x Multi Streets Route OK Cancel Help Fig 4 1 Three different project types can be created for the WinOSPM calculations Three different project types can be created for the WinOSPM calculations e Single Street e Multi Streets e Route 19 For this example select the Single Street project type How to create and the specifics of the Multi Streets project is discussed in Chapter 14 The Route project type is a special option for calculation of exposure doses along a pre defined route and will not be documented in this User s Guide
124. or message if the value of the field must be of a numeric type The name of the traffic file can be directly typed in the corresponding field but can also be added using the Open File dialog window This dialog window appears when the mouse courser is placed in the field with the Traffic File name and the user activates the button that appears in the field or presses the Enter key Fig 14 5 w Street Collection untitled E Select File Edit Selected EdtNew Select Map StreetName X coordinate Y coordinate Traffic File Daily Traffic _ Travel 0 0 Type or select PS History G Desktop N T My Documents F Files of type Traffic Files trf x Cancel My Network P T Open as read only Fig 14 5 A traffic file can be added to the street data using an Open File dialog box 14 3 2 Entering data from an existing OSPM single street project Street data created in a single street OSPM project can directly be added to a multi street project w Street Collection untitled 2j xi Select File Edit Selected EditNew Select Map Active Street Name Traffic File Daily Traffic_ Travel Speed Stree P K Storegade 0 0 E 30 25 xo _ Storegade osp i Storegade_1 osp Load from Project Edit Street Edit Traffic Edd File File name Storeaade osp Open File Names lt Files of type osPm Project Files single street osp Cance
125. or months of the year The first group the quotation marks and the semicolon separator are mandatory refers to the days of the week selection while the second to the months of the year selection In the shown example Listing B 1 the text lt 5 means that the following traffic data are used for all days of the week which have the week day number less than 5 Using the convention that Monday is 1 and Sunday is 7 this means that the traffic data concern in this case weekdays Monday to Thursday The second group referring to 111 112 the months of the year is in this example translated as all months of the year but not July Any sensible mathematically correct combination of equality inequality lt gt lt gt and logical operators such as AND OR can be used to specify the Day Case For example a text in the second group which could be like lt 5 OR gt 10 would be translated as January to April or November to December The text string specifying the weekdays selection may not be empty To specify that the traffic data refer to all days of the week write simply lt 7 including the quotation marks Writing gt 1 will have the same effect However the text concerning the months selection can be empty two quotation marks are still required If this text is empty the traffic data are assumed to be valid for all months of the year The numeric values followin
126. other Input Output files Input Files Input Files Hourly Input Files Hourly Input Files D WinOSPM D ata MetB ack National DK RegionalDK_z D WinOSPM Data MetB ack National DK RegionalDK_z Move File Move File Average Diurnal Traffic File Up Average Diurnal Traffic File Up i A O D winO SPM Working Jagt2001 trf A Output Files y Output Files y Hourly Output Files Move File Hourly Qutput Files Move Fis P Down Down Statistics and other Statistics and other PO PO View Format Add File Remove File Change File i Add File Remove File Change File Fig 7 6 Changing the file with Average Diurnal Traffic 38 7 3 Modifying Traffic Data Traffic data can be modified in the Traffic Data Editor There is access to this editor both from the New Project window and from the Calculation window To view or edit the traffic data via the New Project window the user has to press the View Edit Traffic button Fig 7 1 For an existing project in the Calculation window there are several ways to start the Traffic Data Editor Double click the name of the traffic file The traffic file must be active i e the check box to left of the file name must be checked Select the traffic file name single click and press the View Format button see e g Fig 7 5 The traffic file must be active i e the check box to left of the file n
127. ow Start calculations by pressing the Run button The calculations take a few seconds while a wind speed and direction counter shows the progress In Special Mode calculations of NO concentrations in the street are performed for one pre defined emission value and traffic conditions There is no link between these emission and traffic conditions and the values used in the Standard Mode The emission and traffic settings can be changed using the menu item Project Set Traffic Emissions This activates the Traffic Emission window Fig 13 3 Usually there is no need to change the emissions for the purpose of studying the importance of the street configuration The emission rate is constant and it is not possible to specify a diurnal variation However the traffic flow and composition light and heavy vehicles as well as the traffic speed have an influence on the traffic produced turbulence Changing these values will have effect on the dependence of the concentrations on the wind speed and direction E Traffic Emission Special Mode D TestOSPM Storegade osp m Traffic vehicles hour Light Heavy fioo0 fioo Cancel Emission factors g km Reset ltl Light Heavy e fig m Emission ug m s 555 5555 541 6667 1097 222 m Speed km h Light Heavy m ooo Fig 13 3 The emission and traffic conditions used for calculations in the Special Mode can be cha
128. ows Explorer and this will start the project in WinOSPM Press Run to perform calculations for a year A counter in the lower left corner shows the progress The calculations take approximately half a minute on a 600 MHz PC 25 Gj winospm Calculation D TestOSPM Storegade osp File Project Yiew Tools New Open Save r al it Settings Mode Help GE Mw amp F e ww 4 fF Street Trf File List F List Units Traffic Vehicles Fuels Results pa wo gA TrafEdit EmiFact Graphics Denmark Start Special Scenario Year ZCAT Trf File D Data Traffic National DK T ype_A trf W List File D Lists National DK WehiclesDK_2003 vlf F List File D Win0 SPMS Lists N ational DKS Fuels_1999 ff Move File Average Daily Traffic Travel Speed km h City Size inhabitants 50 000 100 000 7 Hou Oulu Elise Street Data r Concentration Units Name Storegade Height 25 m Width 20 m Orientation 45deo Benzene poos rInput Files Hourly Input Files D wWinOSPM D ata MetB ack National DK RegionalDK_z 76 0 Average Diurnal Traffic File Up 25400 a D WinO SPM D ata T raffic NationalXDK Tppe_ amp trf A y Output Files Move File O Down Input Output ai Homi p cae Statistics and other ppb poem 0 ppm mg r ppb pgn pgr poet Start End Dates IV Auto IV Auto Start Date End Date dd mm yy hh dd mm yy hh om 5 J Emitted C
129. pe can be _b urban background _obs observed measured _mod modelled The type parameter can also be Background Measured or Modelled but only when not in combination with the POL parameter side is a side 1 of the street 104 2 side 2 of the street For example 175thHighestBNZ _mod_1 is the 175th highest value of the modelled benzene concentrations at side 1 of the street while avNOX_obs_2 is the annual average of measured NOX concentrations at side 2 of the street There is a large number of combinations of the column and row variables that will result in the desired statistical variable The rule is that one of the 4 parameters stat POL type and side must be present either in the column or in the row variable name but not in the both Exception is here the side parameter which if missing will result in that the outputted statistical value will refer to the highest value of both sides of the street For example a combination of the column variables and row variables like this column text BNZ_mod BNZ_obs BNZ_b row Average_1 Average_2 nHours_1 nHours_2 will result in the following output table text BNZ_mod BNZ_obs BNZ_b Average_1 avBNZ_mod_1 avBNZ_obs_1 avBNZ_b_1 Average_2 avBNZ_mod_2 avBNZ_obs_2 avBNZ_b_2 nHours_1 nHoursBNZ_mod_1 nHoursBNZ_obs_1 nHoursBNZ_b_1 nHours_2 nHoursBNZ_mod_2 nHoursBNZ_obs_2 nHoursBNZ_b_2 A combina
130. plement to the summary table it is possible to create one or more files with an hourly time series and to create one or more files with various statistical parameters and daily averages The user has much flexibility in defining which parameters should be displayed User defined output files are described in details in Chapter 11 whereas the present chapter has its focus on the standard summary table J Summary of Results for Storegade Calculated on 07 03 2003 19 53 04 D TestOSPM Storegade res File Format Window al CY Save Open Print Street Storegade Calculated on 07 03 2003 19 53 04 Average Daily Traffic 25400 Calculated 25386 Default Traffic Type_A tf Emission Scenario Year 2003 Period Covered Default Meteorological Data 01 januar 2000 00 00 31 december 2000 23 00 Wiss Basa Urban Background Default for a City with a population of 50 000 100 000 Max All Receptors Max Daily 8 hours mean Fig 10 1 Result window Summary table with modelled concentrations The Result window in Fig 10 1 displays this standard summary of results where various statistical parameters are compared to limit values The calculations are for receptor 1 and receptor 2 on each side of the street The user may display the results for each receptor separately by choosing the appropriate item from the drop down list 65 66 box The first item default shows the maximum for the two receptors
131. r is hovered over the map area outside any of the streets the map co ordinates and the background concentration is displayed right The results of the Multi Streets calculations can be saved to a file There are two different ways to save the results Fig 14 13 1 as a map picture 2 as a data file 97 File Map Window f oen e noz allel I Save Map Ctrl M Eje ale open Results file Print Data Ctrl D k g NO save Mop T Fig 14 13 The Multi Streets calculation results can be saved either as a map picture or as a file with numerical data The corresponding menu items are shown at the left while the associated icon buttons at the right To open a previously saved result file you can use the File Open menu item or the associated icon button When the results are saved as a map picture only the currently displayed results are saved as a bitmap bmp file This bitmap picture can be viewed or edited in any bitmap editing program e g Microsoft Paint More useful is saving the results as a data file In this case all calculation results for all pollutants and all statistical measures are saved to file which automatically gets the extension rem This is a binary file and contrary to the Single Street results file a res file it cannot be opened in a text editor To open previously saved result files you can use File Open Saved Results File Multi Streets from the WinOSPM main
132. ratories The original purpose of COPERT was to provide tools for estimation of transport emissions on the national level The application of COPERT emission factors for street level calculations has never to our best knowledge been tested before Therefor the concrete values for the vehicle emission factors resulting from the COPERT expressions should be taken with some precaution Critical evaluation of the COPERT results using field data on the relevant pollution concentrations in streets is required Due to the methodology adapted in WinOSPM all the expressions for the emission factors can be easily modified and this can be done by the users of the software The emission factors in COPERT are given as functions of the actual vehicle speed However it s important to note that this speed does not refer to the instantaneous vehicle speed but to the average traffic speed in the street the travel speed The emission expressions that are currently adapted in WinOSPM cover such pollutants as NO CO benzene and PM New pollutants will be added in the future Beside the basic emission factors a number of correction expressions is provided These expressions cover such conditions as the effect of cold starts on the emissions and the deterioration of emissions with the age of vehicles actually their mileage For such pollutants as benzene the emission factors depend also on the fuel quality i e on 45 46 the content of benzene in t
133. red Default Meteorological Data 01 januar 2000 00 00 31 december 2000 23 00 lesa nre Urban Background Default for a City with a population of 50 000 100 000 Max All Receptors b Component Annual Average 18th Highest NO2 ug m Street Modelled 39 95 36 10 124 03 Background DK Limit Value Max Daily 8 hours mean Fig 4 9 The Result window summarises the results compared to limit values Note that the reason why the Data Coverage is 100 27 is that the calculations are done for the meteorological year 2000 which is a leapfrog year The percentage of the Data Coverage is calculated with respect to standard year with 365 days januar 2000 00 00 31 december 2000 23 00 ation of 50 000 100 000 _User Comments Eee IZE tN IT Fig 4 10 User Comments can be entered in the text window which is activated by pressing the User Comments button 27 28 A special text window is provided for entering User Comments This window is activated by pressing the User Comments button Fig 4 10 The results can be saved in a file for later retrieval use File Save or the button Save or printed use File Print or the button Print The default file extension for WinOSPM Single Street result files res is automatically added to the file name on saving the file The Single Street result files are simple text files ASCII They can be viewed using any text editor e
134. rf File Emissions Help B amp led a NO New Vehicle List_ D winOSPM Lists National DK WehiclesDK_2003 vif New Open Saye Print EmiFact New Fuel List D Win0SPMLists National DK Fuels_1999 flf Traffic Data ID ADT split up 25403 3 20340 4 3057 7 1186 7 287 5 531 0 Average Diurnal Traffic vehiclesfnour 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 All vehicles A IV PAS_Car B IV vans D E F I Truck_4 IV Truck_2 IV Buses Average Diurnal Emission NOX g kmhour 3500 2800 2100 1400 700 aid 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 Hour NOX h Average Daily Traffic 25400 Travel Speed km h a Show as Number of Vehicles Show as fraction of Daily Total Show as fraction of All Vehicles Scenario Year Mandag Torsdag Januar Juni August December gt 76 0 CAT 2003 Speed shart Speed long Cold Starts Allvehicies PAS_Car Vans Truck Truck_2 Buses fis nin 45 43 143 9 120 7 10 8 3 6 324 27 3 62 7 48 7 6 1 44 23 15 33 6 30 0 451 30 2 39 79 14 16 34 5 32 7 39 8 275 5 0 641 05 07 32 4 30 9 89 4 57 5 11 2 9 4 9 7 15 318 30 3 301 6 217 5 476 19 3 79 93 315 31 5 1114 4 811 3 204 9 58 9 18 7 20 6 29 4 29 7 1917 5 1511 2 242 7 98 4 27 9 37 4 27 9 27 9 1760 2 1368 2 206 4 111 3 28 5 45 8 28 8 27 6 1508 2 1103 0 226 8 107 5 30 7 40 2 28 5 27 9 1482 6 1075 7 228 3 117 2 28 9 32 5 28 5 27 9 1599 5 1169 1 242 4 128 4 23 8 35 8 28 5 27 6 1617 4
135. ronts When you move the cursor from the field with numbers e g by pressing Enter or Tab the drawing is updated Length 1 and Length 2 indicate the distance from the receptors where concentrations are calculated to the beginning and end of the street The beginning and the end of the street should be interpreted as beginning and end of a street section between two intersections Note however that you should not indicate Length Building heights Exceptions from the general height values larger than 75 m even if the distances may be greater The significance of Length is that it determines a distance of integration when the wind blows along the street the model performs an integration over emissions which take place in the street over a distance corresponding to the Length values The numbers 1 and 2 are assigned based on Orientation Orientation Orientation of the street in relation to north 0 180 grader see Fig 6 2 Length 1 is between 0 and 180 degrees while Length 2 is between 180 and 360 degrees NORTH lt T Y i yY Ea 7 Receptor 1 ue 1 GO aA A E a 5 ee 7 y fi FSi oo Receptor 2 NE NE LI we Pa He oe oe yo a A BA ye Fig 6 2 Definition of Orientation as well as Length 1 and 2 Receptor Point close to the building facade where calculations are performed Receptor 1 is the first receptor encountered when going from north in a clockwise direction Receptor 2 is o
136. row table right of the label ADT split up contains average annual data split up on vehicle types When the traffic data are shown in Mode 1 or Mode 2 the values given in this table for each particular vehicle type are identical to the Average Daily Traffic for that vehicle type When the Mode 3 is applied the values given in this table are identical to the annual average diurnal fraction of the total traffic The value in the first cell is always the total Average Daily Traffic All values in this table can be edited by the user Changes made in one of the cells automatically trigger an update of all the remaining values both in this and other tables Below the uppermost table a Day Case is selected in a list box This choice determines the contents of the main table The main table contains data on the hourly distribution of the traffic traffic speed and percentage of cold starts When in Mode 1 all values in this table can be edited by the user When in Mode 2 only the traffic speed and the percentage of cold starts can be edited by the user When in Mode 3 only the values for All vehicles traffic speed and cold starts can be edited by the user A change made in one of the cells automatically triggers an update of all the remaining values both in this and other tables The row of values right of the label Daily Total contains data which have been split up on vehicle types for the particular Day Case When the traffi
137. s Project Definition of input files with meteorological and background data is the same as in the case of single street calculations and will not be discussed further here The main difference is in definition of the street data and traffic data 87 88 Pressing the button Set Street Collection opens a dialog window as shown in Fig 14 2 Street Collection 2 x Edit Selected Edit New Select Map Look in a MultiStreets gt me EX a CPHStreets str CPHStreetsNew str File name Select Files of type Street Collection File str Cancel Fig 14 2 The Select File window can be used to open an existing street collection file This window is divided into several tab selectors Pressing one of the tabs opens a new dialog window 14 1 The Select File tab The first dialog window is opened automatically when the project is initiated first time empty project If a data file with the required information exists it can be selected for the project The files with the street data could have been created in a previous project or edited manually using any text editor These files are actually plain text files ASCII and although it is recommended to use the file extension str this is not mandatory The procedure for file selection follows the standard rules for MS Windows Open File dialog windows Selection can be done by double clicking on the file name or by marking the
138. s the name of the spreadsheet with the corresponding vehicle fleet data This mnemonic rule is however practical The structure of the vehicle mileage files and the corresponding mileage correction expression files is discussed later in this chapter 8 2 Vehicle Fleet files As an example listing of an Excel spreadsheet file with data on the national composition of gasoline passenger cars in 1999 in Denmark is shown in Listing 8 3 This listing as a copy of the spreadsheet PasGasoline contained in the Excel file FleetShareDK_1999 xls and referenced previously in Listing 8 2 Note that the data in the 49 original Excel file might be given with higher precision than shown in the listing For sake of clarity of presentation the data are here formatted differently as in the Excel file Listing 8 3 Engine PRE ECE ECE 15 00 01 ECE 15 02 ECE 15 03 ECE 15 04 Improved Open Euro I Euro II Euro III Euro IV Capacity Conv Loop oe kI Al 0 12 y 0 60 8 18 14 12 0 Oo 155 27 9 50 0 0 Cora 0 0 09 0 87 0 38 4 63 92 59 0 O lee 13 07 0 0 eee OL 0 01 0 08 0 03 0 67 1 28 0 0 Aiea Le k EE e 0 0 fraction of 0 94 all Pas Car 50 The numbers in the cells of the table in Listing 8 3 represent the fraction in of a particular vehicle class in relation to all in this case gasoline passenger cars in Denmark in the year 1999 A single vehicle class is defined as a combination of the engine technology using the terminology adapted
139. s with these data in the current project but no information on these data will be saved with the project To create permanent data which can also be used next time a saved project is opened use the EmiFact program Fe available Us Alculations without Special Mode Scenario Year tkground Measure jical and WinOSPM xi A There are currently no Fleet Share data available For the Scenario Year 2004 Do you want the data to be generated now Note that these data will not be saved to a permanent file and that you can use them only within the current project To create permanent data use the EmiFact program Fig 8 2 A message text informing whether or not the data are already available for a particular year appear when the mouse pointer is hovered over the list items Selecting a Scenario Year for which the data are not yet available results in a message informing that these data can be generated but will not be permanent 8 7 2 When working with a saved project The traffic emission scenarios can also be modified when working in the Calculation window The procedure is the same both in the case when the user enters the Calculation window after finishing creation of a new project or when a previously saved OSPM project is re opened The information on the actual Scenario Year the assigned Vehicle and Fuel List Files is provided in the upper left frame of the Calculation window Fig 8 3 le
140. ssumed to be CountryTrafficPath For list files such as Vehicle List File vlf and Fuel List File flf the following rules apply If the name of a list file is given without specification of the directory path the file location is assumed to be the Working Directory i e the directory that was specified when creating a new project or the directory where the project file osp is located If the name of a list file is preceded with the file location is assumed to be CountryListPath For files with data on the National fleet composition and mileage the following rules apply If the name of the file Excel file is given without specification of the directory path the file location is assumed to be the Working Directory i e the directory that was specified when creating a new project or the directory where the project file osp is located 119 120 If the name of the file is preceded with the file location is assumed to be CountryTrafficPath For files with data on fuel composition the following rules apply If the name of the file Excel file is given without specification of the directory path the file location is assumed to be the Working Directory i e the directory that was specified when creating a new project or the directory where the project file osp is located If the name of the file is preceded with the file location is assumed to be CountryEmissionPath
141. ssumed to be linear with the mileage but with no further increase of emissions after the mileage reaches 120 000 km In order to estimate an average mileage correction for the national vehicle fleet two parameters are required The first is the average mileage of vehicles but only considering vehicles with mileage lt 120 000 km The other parameter is the fraction of vehicles with mileage gt 120 000 km In Listing 8 6 the first parameter for the vehicle class EURO I and the engine capacity cc gt 2 01 is 21775 km greyed cell For the same class the fraction of vehicles with mileage gt 120 000 is 0 79 Listing 8 6 Mileage parameters Average Mileage PUFO IE COSTAL iaibhero Ie rE ASA ul BUFO IE_ Clos S251 iabbee IEIt CENAE AAL ETOS IIE ere 6 al teh OIL lt MaxMileage km 19667 23616 PNET SS 53955 53955 Fraction above 0 81 0 77 0 79 o 0 MaxMileage MaxMileage for 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 degradation km The corresponding files with the expressions for the mileage correction have exactly the same structure as emission factor expression or cold start correction files The presence of these files is not mandatory If they are absent no mileage correction is performed in the calculations of the emission factors Both the Excel files with the mileage data and the corresponding correction expressions can be edited using the tools available in EmiFact EmiFact provides also graphical visualisation of the effe
142. stribution of vehicle types over time A listing of such a Default Type traffic data file is given in Listing B 1 using the Type_A file from Listing A 1 as an example The first line in the file contains the indicator of the traffic data file type It is the phrase Default Type the quotation marks are mandatory which indicates that the file is a file with traffic data given as fraction of daily total and not as number of vehicles per hour The presence of the word Default is used by the WinOSPM program to recognise this type of traffic data Next in the same line follow the names of vehicle types for which the traffic data are provided These names must correspond exactly to the names used in the Vehicle List Files however the text is not case sensitive The second line starts with the name of the street type and this text is for information only Next follow numeric values indicating the fraction of the total annual average diurnal traffic ADT that is assigned to the particular vehicle type In the shown example Listing B 1 the number of vehicles of type PAS_Car constitute 0 8008 of the total traffic in the street while Vans are assigned fraction of 0 1204 etc The sum of all these fractions must be 1 The third line starts with the indicator of the day type Day Case for which the following traffic data are specified The Day Case is specified using logical expressions combining days of the week and
143. sub directory has two sub directories Shared and National A number of text files with definition of names of the input and output variables is located in the Shared sub directory These files are not country specific and they should never be modified by the user The National sub directory consists of several at least one Country Code folders to which we will refer as CountryCode folders This CountryCode folder must always contain the Scenario List File Scenarios Ist Several other country specific list files such as e g a file with definition of limit values LimValDef lst and a list of pre defined traffic files must also be located in this folder List files with references to data files on the national fleet composition and fuel quality will as default be located in this folder Naming Convention WinOSPM is using a naming convention that makes it possible to specify location of input and output files as well as some of the data and list files without explicitly specify the directory path This naming convention is based on pre defined directory path names SharedEmissionPath refers to the directory AppPath Data Emission Shared CountryEmissionPath refers to the directory AppPath Data Emission National CountryCode SharedListPath refers to the directory AppPath Lists Shared CountryListPath refers to the directory AppPath Lists National CountryCode CountryTrafficPath refers to the directory
144. t 1 262 2 139 3 93 4 78 5 95 6 Qh 7 726 8 1426 9 1520 10 1257 11 1250 12 1261 ooo ono nononononomone Light Heavy 4 4 23 3 B 12 49 Ths 90 1s 90 86 oo0oo0oo0oo0o0000000 0 82 PAS_Car v_short 50 50 50 50 40 40 40 30 30 40 40 40 ooo ono OGOGO GOO 0 18 Vans Heavy V_long Cold_start 45 45 45 45 ciom 35 35 30 30 353 35 obs 0 oo00o0oCoCCCCC0O o 0 ooo nonononononomome 0 8 Truck_1 0 15 Truck 2 0 05 Buses 115 Appendix C File Location and Naming Convention File Location Location of data files and other program files used by WinOSPM follows some pre defined rules The directory structure for location of the data and program files is shown in Fig C 1 WinOSPM Application Path Data m Emission y Y Shared National T i 1 Country Country Country Code Code Code m Traffic m National t t 1 Country Country Country Code Code Code MetBack _ National t t 1 s Country Country Country g Lists Code Code Code Y Y Shared National T t 1 Country Country Country Code Code Code
145. t edited by pressing the View File button The input data can be contained in several files In this case the above described procedure must be repeated for each of these files When data are provided in more than one file it s important to insure that these data are synchronised in time If the same variable name is contained in more than one file the value given in the last file will be used in the calculations The order of files in the list can be changed using the Move File Up and Move File Down buttons placed right to the file list Fig 9 1 63 64 The hourly input files can also contain data on the measured street concentrations This is useful when the user wants to compare the modelled results with the measurements Likewise hour by hour traffic and or emission data can be provided in the user defined hourly input files The predefined names of the traffic and emission variables can be selected from the list of WinOSPM Input Variables that appears when typing the names in the Variable List box Fig 9 2 When using the user provided input data the user needs also to specify the units for the concentrations provided in the files The procedure for definition of the concentration units is described in Chapter 12 The user provided input data need not to cover the whole year Calculations will be done only for these hours for which the data are available Also if some of the required meteorological or urban background
146. tRad Net radiation PersonId Person identification only available in route mode R_hum Relative humidity RecHeight Receptor height s_w_Roof Total turbulence at roof level s_w_TPT Traffic generated turbulence in the street Segmentld Route segment identification only available in route mode SegmentLength Length of route segment only available in route mode SegTimeln Start time on route segment only available in route mode SegTimeOut End time on route segment only available in route mode Speed_heavy Travel speed for heavy traffic trucks and buses Speed_light Travel speed for passenger cars and vans SpeedPerson Travel speed for person only available in route mode StreetHeight Average building height StreetLength_1 Lengthl see explanation in chapter on Street configuration StreetLength_2 Length2 see explanation in chapter on Street configuration StreetOrientation Street orientation with respect to North StreetSide Side 1 or side 2 Same as receptor 1 or receptor 2 see explanation in chapter on Street configuration StreetWidth Street width from facade to facade 103 Temperature Temperature TimelnSeg Residence time on route segment only available in route mode TimelnSegInp Residence time on route segment in input file only available in route mode TrafficFile Traffic file that describes the diurnal variation of traffic TranspMode Transport type only available in route mode TranspStay Type of stay onl
147. teria of using the model for traffic pollution calculations are not handled here WinOSPM 2 Installation 2 1 System requirements The following equipment is required in order to run OSPM APC with a Pentium processor or compatible Windows 9x Windows 2000 or Windows XP 20 MB free disk space 32 MB RAM CD drive for installation A screen with a minimum resolution of 1024 x 768 is recommended A resolution of only 800 x 600 can be used but in that case scrolling is required for some windows When installing under Windows 2000 administrator privileges are required 2 2 Installing WinOSPM On a separate sheet you will find instructions for installing WinOSPM After the installation you will find three new icons on your desktop The WinOSPM icon starts the OSPM program Furthermore you will find icons for the EmiFact program and TrafEdit These two programs are additional tools for OSPM EmiFact is a program for editing Vehicle Emission Factors while TrafEdit is Traffic Data Editor Both these tools can be applied as stand alone programs but they may also be accessed through the WinOSPM user interface 2 3 First Time When you start WinOSPM first time after installation of the software a dialog window will appear in which you will be asked to define the Default Country Fig 2 1 The user can select one of the pre defined Country settings or define a new Country setting Currently WinOSPM is distribute
148. the text within the quotation marks does not type contain the phrase Default the quotation marks are mandatory The absence of the word Default is used by the WinOSPM program to recognise this type of traffic data Next in the same line follow the names of vehicle types for which the traffic data are provided These names must correspond exactly to the names used in the Vehicle List Files however the text is not case sensitive In the shown example Listing B 2 an additional feature which actually can also be used for the Default Type traffic data files is the concept of a composed vehicle type The text string within the second pair of quotation marks the quotation marks are mandatory in this case contains the phrase Trucks 0 8 Truck_1 0 2 Truck_2 The vehicle type that it is referred to in this text string is called Trucks However the emission factors as specified in the actual Vehicle List File are not provided for this vehicle type but separately for types Truck_1 and Truck_2 only In order to make it possible to calculate emissions from the vehicle type Trucks the traffic data must contain the information on the sub division of the composed vehicle type Trucks between the basic vehicle types Truck_1 and Truck_2 This sub division is specified in the phrase Trucks 0 8 Truck_1 0 2 Truck_2 by the two sub strings 0 8 Truck_1 and 0 2 Truc
149. tion of the column variables and row variables like this column text Modelled Measured Background row 18thHighestNO2 MaxRun8CO avBNZ will result in the following output table text Modelled Measured Background 18thHighestNO2 18thHighestNO2_mod 18thHighestNO2_obs 18thHighestNO2_b MaxRun8CO MaxRun8CO_mod MaxRun8CO_obs MaxRun8CO_b avBNZ avBNZ_mod avBNZ_obs avBNZ_b The phrase text can be any text as it only appears as a column heading for the row headings The shaded regions refer to the resulting statistical variables and in the output files they are replaced by the actual values In the second example the side parameter is missing and therefore the values represent the highest values calculated for both sides of the street 15 3 Daily averages The files with daily averages are constructed in a similar way as the files with statistical output The output variables must be specified as a combination of a column and a row variable However the syntax is much simpler compared with the statistics files The only row 105 106 variable is DailyAv The nomenclature for the column variables is following POL_type_side POL is one of the pollutants included in the calculations type can be b urban background _obs observed measured _mod modelled side is 1 side 1 of the street 2 side 2 of the street The resulting file will contain in the first column the Date varia
150. tistical values will only be calculated making use only of the simultaneously available observations This condition might be desired when comparing modelled and measured results The remaining options on the property sheet refer to the standard Results Summary Table Checkbox Show Results Summary Auto Determines whether or not the standard Results Summary Table is automatically displayed after the calculations are finished or interrupted If the checkbox is unchecked the standard Results 71 Summary Table can be displayed thorough the menu View Results Summary or by pressing the Results button Checkboxes Show NOX etc The checkbox for a compound must be checked if results shall be presented in the standard Results Summary Table Important If the checkbox Show only if a Limit Value is given is also selected the compound may not be included in the standard Results Summary Table Option buttons Show Limit Values The standard Results Summary Table contains several pages One for each receptor and one referring to the maximum for all receptors The Limit Value for a compound can be shown on all the pages or only on the page with maximum values or be not be show at all Checkbox Show only if a Limit Value is given By selecting this the Results Summary Table becomes relatively simple and uncluttered since some results are not displayed However make sure to uncheck this if you want to hav
151. ton to open the standard Windows Open File dialog box When the choice of file is confirmed with OK the file name is displayed in the Traffic File Name text box Fig 7 2 right Set Traffic Data C Pre defined diurnal traffic types none 4 A varana N sili Traffie E Add New File Type name of the file or use Browse to find the file Ip winOSPM Working JAGT 9495 TRF Browse Corcel m Set Traffic Data User defined Pre defined diurnal traffic User defined i C O data types data Add File none v Average Daily Traffic l Veh day x Traffic Data in Travel Speed Hourly User Files kmh N B Can be set with other User defined data rm Traffic File Name D WinOSPM Working JAG T9495 TRF View Edit Traffic View Edit Traffic Fig 7 2 Adding a user defined traffic file to the project If the selected traffic file contains traffic data given as number of vehicles per hour the Average Daily Traffic and the Travel Speed text boxes will remain inactive greyed However if the user provided file is of the Default type i e the traffic data are given as fraction of the daily total these text boxes will become active Fig 7 3 The user must type values for the Average Daily Traffic and Travel Speed similarly to what is done for pre defined diurnal traffic types Set Traffic Data C Pre defined di
152. ulation window Fig 4 8 Now as an example go through the steps outlined below Example As Street name choose Storegade Choose 2003 as Scenario Year This year might be already pre selected depending on the Scenarios List file for Denmark which is distributed with the installation package however can change 20 Street configuration from distribution to distribution The choice of the Scenario Year affects the choice of files with emission data data on national car fleet composition and fuel quality Leave the check box concerning Special Mode unchecked Special Mode is a tool for studying how air quality depends on wind speed and direction for a given street geometry Special Mode requires less input data than normal calculations it requires only information about street configuration Chapter 13 describes the use of Special Mode Press the button Set Street Configuration in order to define the street configuration i e the width of the street building heights and the orientation of the street You are brought to the Street Configuration window Fig 4 4 You may think of the street with buildings as a folded piece of cardboard Fig 4 3 The drawing in the Street Configuration window shows the street with the buildings unfolded Fig 4 4 As an example enter the following data Enter 25 m for Height indicating that buildings on both sides of the street are 25 m Later it is possibl
153. urnal traffic a User defined types data none z Add File Average Daily Traffic Veh day 24700 C Traffic Data in Travel Speed Hourly User Files kmh 30 N B Can be set with other User defined data Traffic File Name F sraelJabotinski_D trf View Edit Traffic Fig 7 3 Example of user defined traffic data of Default type requiring information about Average Daily Traffic and Travel Speed 35 36 3 Traffic Data in Hourly User Files When the option button Traffic Data in Hourly User Files is selected traffic data must be provided in a file or several files containing hour by hour values of the number of vehicles for the particular hour These files can be specified together with other user defined input data using the option User defined data in the right frame of the New Project window However this will exclude the possibility of simultaneously using the pre defined meteorological and background data see Chapter 9 Therefore the user provided files with hourly traffic data can best be assigned to the project using the options available from the Calculation window see Section 7 2 7 1 1 Viewing Editing Traffic Data When a traffic data file either pre defined or user provided is assigned to the project and appears in the Traffic File Name text box the View Edit Traffic button becomes active Pressing this button opens the Traffic Data Editor which can be used to vie
154. user starts typing The variables must be defined in the same order as they appear in the file In the case that the input file contains some variables that should not be used by the program the name of these variables must be replaced with a question mark 61 62 D wWinOSPM WorkingWAGT_93 slsJAGT_99 i D winOSPM Working JAG T9495 TRF Wiew Format Add File Remove File bhange Fle Fig 9 1 The selected hourly input file appears in the Hourly Input Files List When shown in red colour it indicates that the variable list for this file needs yet to be specified 05 Format File D Win0SPM Working JAGT_99 xls JAGT_99 Fig 9 2 The variable list for the selected hourly input file should be typed in the Variable List box The names of the variables can be selected from the list that will appear as soon the user starts typing A file variable list can be saved use Save Variable List button for use with other files A file with extension fmt is created This file can be retrieved using the Load Saved List button The file variable list can also be retrieved from other files associated with the project For this use the Load form Project button The list of all available variable names can also be shown in a separate window This window is activated using the Show Variables button Fig 9 3 fost Format File D Win0SPM Working JAGT_99 xls JAGT_99
155. uted for modelled concentrations of NO CO and PM10 at receptor 1 Be aware that not all combinations are possible since the parameters calculated are controlled by the settings in Tools Options Make sure that these settings allow the required parameters to be calculated Note that the first variable in the Variable List Columns must be a text This text is given as a heading for the first column in the output file This column will contain the names of the variables specified in the Variable List Rows Ej Format File StatOutput dat J x Help View File Variable List Compound Average MaxHourly 98_Perc Columns al Format List z HA Output Type Single Street statistics ulti Streets statistics Daily Averages Variable List NOX_mod_1 CO_mod_1 PM10_mod_1 Rows 4 Load Saved List Show Variables Load from Project Save Variable List Fig 11 3 Dialog box to define output file with statistics An example of an output file with statistical data produced according to the specifications given in the Variable List of Fig 11 3 is shown in Fig 11 4 Compound Average MaxHourly 98_Perc NOX mod _1 104 4947 785 7125 295 6976 CO mod _1 0 7141472 4 301693 1 82844 PM10 mod 1 99 99 99 Fig 11 4 An example of a statistical output file generated according to the variable list specified in Fig 11 3 In the example shown here the PM10 concentrations are given by a
156. value of 99 This means that the results for PM10 were missing In this particular case the PM10 concentrations could not be calculated because no urban background data for PM10 were available in the hourly input file 11 3 Output files with daily averages Output files with daily averages can also be generated when the file is listed in the Statistics and other list box The procedure is similar to the one outlined in Section 11 2 but the definition of the Variable List is different 69 70 E Format File DailyOutput dat Help View File Variable List Date NOX_mod_1 CO_mod_1 Columns gt Format List NT Output Type Single Street si Multis Daily Variable List Rows Load Saved List Show Variables Load from Project Save Variable List Fig 11 5 In order to generate a file with daily averages the Variable List Rows must contain only the variable name Daily Av In order to generate a file with daily averages the variable name provided in the Variable List Rows text box must be Daily Av This should be the only parameter specified in the list Checking the checkbox Daily Averages gives the desired result In the example shown in Fig 11 5 the output file will contain all daily averages of modelled NO and CO concentrations for the receptor point 1 An extraction of such a file is shown in Fig 11 6 Date NOX_mod_1 CO_mod_1 01
157. w or modify the traffic data A more detailed discussion of using the Traffic Data Editor is given in section 7 3 but it should be noted that when the traffic data are modified while still creating the Project the modified data must be saved to a new traffic file before they can be used in the Project Traffic data modified in an existing project can be used without first saving them to a file 7 2 Assigning and Changing Traffic Data Files in an existing Project For an existing project changes of data take place through the Calculation window Fig 7 4 displays the part of the Calculation window that is relevant for traffic data In the upper left frame next to the label Trf File the name and path of the currently used Traffic Data file is displayed This is for information only nothing can be changed by the user here In the upper right frame the name of the currently used traffic data file is displayed in a list box under the heading Average Diurnal Traffic This is an active part of the window and the list box can be used to change the data file The file name in this list box may not contain the full path If the full path is not specified the standard convention on file locations is applied see Appendix C To change the Traffic File the user has several options With the mouse select the name of the file important single click only The Change File button becomes activate and pressing
158. window Previously saved result files can also be opened from the Result Window For this use File Open or the button Open Results file Fig 14 13 When the Multi Streets calculation results are saved to a data file the map picture if any is not saved with the file Only the name of the file with the map picture is saved When a saved result file is retrieved for view the file with the map picture must exist at the location specified when the file was saved The bitmap picture of a map can be too large to be displayed in the view window This can also happen if the Map Scale factor is increased too much In this case an error message is displayed recommending decreasing the Map Scale factor The Map Scale factor is saved with the result file Th information on the actual Limit Values is also saved with the result file This means that if a Multi Street result file was created with one Country setting and next retrieved within a session with another Country setting the Limit Values displayed will correspond to the settings valid for the original Country setting i e the settings that were active when the file was saved 14 7 User defined output files The results of Multi Streets calculations can also be saved to user defined file The procedure is similar to assigning user defined output files for statistical results Section 11 2 The user defined output files for Multi Streets calculation results are defined in the box
159. wn the units for both input and output files can be changed Two ways to start Special Mode Start Special Mode from a new project Use an existing project to start Special Mode 13 Special Mode Interaction between air quality wind and street geometry The OSPM model includes a tool which allows the user to analyse how air quality depends on wind speed and direction for a given street geometry Special Mode The calculations are performed for a combination of wind directions and wind speeds The results are presented in graphical form At the time of writing the user interface of the Special Mode tool is still a beta version which is likely to undergo changes Calculations using the Special Mode may start from the New Project window 1 or from an existing project 2 To start Special Mode from a new project 1 choose File Create New Project and mark Accept calculations without Input Files Special Mode in the New Project window Fig 13 1 Vv Accept calculations without Input Files Special Mode Fig 13 1 Part of the New Project window where Special Mode can be started When this checkbox is marked the user needs not to specify any input files referring to meteorology urban background or traffic Next click the button Set Street Configuration and specify the street geometry The user is brought to the Special Mode window after clicking OK Fig 13 2 Alternatively Special Mode
160. x z Average Daily Traffic 25400 Travel Speed km h J 30 0 83901 0 77749 0 67096 0 69036 0 64360 0 72122 0 72802 0 78808 0 77728 0 73135 0 72555 0 73093 0 74323 0 75044 0 78057 0 80500 0 84775 0 86066 0 86626 0 86375 0 84400 0 87563 0 88073 0 86451 0 07502 0 09729 0 08736 0 12590 0 12573 0 15769 0 186384 0 12655 0 11728 0 15035 0 15400 0 15153 0 14731 0 12959 0 12103 0 11757 0 08870 0 07503 0 08371 0 09383 0 11018 0 08786 0 09252 0 10475 0 11998 0 02487 0 06610 0 17489 0 15306 0 10556 0 06412 0 05290 0 05129 0 06324 0 07129 0 07904 0 08029 0 07337 0 08208 0 05872 0 04104 0 03481 0 02852 0 01861 0 01768 0 01861 0 01360 0 00890 0 00742 0 05065 0 03111 0 03596 0 03072 0 01210 0 10811 0 02613 0 01676 0 01457 0 01619 0 02038 0 01952 0 01486 0 01662 0 01875 0 01549 0 01179 0 00834 0 00921 0 00858 0 00492 0 00664 0 00476 0 00521 0 01277 0 01391 0 02999 0 02315 0 03606 0 01857 0 01701 0 03084 0 01849 0 01950 0 02601 0 02663 0 02190 0 02239 0 01947 0 01914 0 02418 0 02460 0 02039 0 02658 0 02284 0 01982 0 02058 0 01815 0 01263 0 01056 1 571 3 479 0 017 3 33 6 345 324 318 315 29 4 27 9 28 8 28 5 28 5 28 5 28 8 28 5 28 2 27 9 28 2 29 1 29 4 29 7 29 7 30 0 30 0 31 5 Speed lang kmh 2 1 27 3 30 0 32 7 30 9 30 3 31 5 29 7 27 9 27 6 27 9 27 9 27 6 27 9 27 6 27 3 27 0 27 6 27 9 28 8 28 8
161. xes at the bottom of the map picture All these values can be edited by the user It s also possible to change the street location co ordinates on the map using the mouse Click and drag to move the street segment across the map area This facility makes it possible to change the dummy co ordinate values that are initially given for a new street collection To find quickly a street on the map the Search Street option can be used The drop down list box in the upper right corner of the Fig 14 9 contains a list of all the streets that are included in the Streets Collection Select the street you want to locate on the map and press the Search Street button The respective street will appear on the map encircled with a red circle The map picture can be saved to a file in a bmp format or printed The modified street co ordinates are transferred to the respective street collection table when the user accepts the changes by pressing the OK button 14 6 Multi Streets Calculation and Results Windows When a Multi Streets Project is opened in the main calculation window the calculation procedure is exactly the same as for a Single Street Project Pressing the Run button starts the calculations A progress bar shows the number of the currently calculated street The name of the street appears in the Street Data frame Fig 14 10 After the calculations are finished the results are automatically displayed in th
162. y available in route mode TravelSpeed Travel speed TurSegmentNo Number identification of the sub segment on the route only available in route mode u_mast Wind speed over roof level u_roof Wind speed at roof level Wind_dir Wind direction Year Year 15 2 Statistical variables Output files with values based on statistics of the calculated or measured concentrations are constructed as tables with column and row headings Therefore the variables which have to be specified for files with statistical output refer either to a column or to a row heading A combination of the column and the row heading variable produces the final statistical variable Statistical variables The nomenclature for statistical variables is statPOL_type_side stat is the statistical parameter such as the annual average a percentile of hourly or daily averages a percentile of running 8 hours averages Percentiles can refer either to a certain fraction of the observations measured or modelled values or to the nth highest value The actual definition of percentiles calculated by the program is given in the Percentiles Definition List PercDef lst which depends on the actual Country setting Additionally the stat parameter can also refer to the number of observations either measurements or model calculations that were processed to provide the specific statistical value POL is one of the pollutants included in the calculations ty

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