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SunISDN™1.0.4 User's Guide - Advanced Processors Technologies

1. H M isdn_path iim u sek Ede d IE EE eS Sak EE E EE E MEE E IEEE ae Sh Sens ED ash Se oh San Sk ik ee Sk Sask Sk res a eh sk te qui Cr a eect val dul Dee ek ek ide Sd qur isdn_path name any name typically remote hostname default_route ifppp interfaces ONLY network nil 4 MUST BE SET TO ntt in JAPAN interface ifppp peer ip address gt gateway lt inactivity_timeout 120 ipsetup_timeout 120 negotiate_address on off callback on default is off callback_timeout 10 reenable_timeout 30 called_number gt DN lt 1 any any gt set this to data56 or data64 lt ipcp_compression off default is vj lcp_compression off default is on security_card off will_do_authentication set this to pap or chap drequire authentication set this to off or pap or chap fpap id local hostname fpap password choose and set a password fpap peer id remote hostname fpap peer password choose and set a remote password chap_secret choose and set a secret chap_name local hostname dchap peer secret choose and set a peer secret fchap peer name remote hostname 1cp_encapsulation MP MP RFC1717 or PPP lcp_mrru 600 1lcp_sseqnum off 1lcp_endpoint off 120 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 encapsulate_cp on ccp compression stac_check_mode bandwidth_controller on hiwat hicnt lowat locnt clamp bandwidth
2. ifpppO iG ml Figure 2 1 SunISDN Point to Point Configuration The point to point interface logically connects the host machine with one peer host Only IP traffic to or from the peer host is routed through this interface When an ifppp interface is configured two IP addresses are assigned This type of interface is well suited to support a remote or nomadic machine Multilink Protocol RFC 1717 Multilink Protocol MP is based on a Link Control Protocol LCP option that permits combining multiple physical links into a bundle The bundle provides a virtual link with greater bandwidth than any of the constituent members A system indicates to its peer that it is willing to do multilink by SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 2 sending the multilink MRRU Maximum Received Reconstructed Unit option as part of the initial LCP option negotiation This negotiation indicates the following information The system offering the option is capable of combining multiple physical links into one virtual link The system is capable of receiving upper layer Protocol Data Units PDU fragmented using the multilink header and reassembling the fragments back into the original PDU for processing The system is capable of receiving PDUs of size n where n is specified as part of the option even if n is larger than the maximum receive unit MRU for a single physical link Multilink Protocol RFC 1717 is the
3. n6 Py Calling Number i htt r Profile B tr6 bt2 bes SPID 0 9955 J etsi swd etsi I Forceb6 Figure 4 7 Network Type Submenu 4 Pull down the Network Type submenu and select the keyword for the switch type used by your phone company This field is required Table 4 1 lists the possible switch types Table 4 1 Switch Types for isdntool Country Australia Europe France France Germany Hong Kong Japan North America Switch Type AUSTEL ETSI Version Nationale Euro Numeris 3 Version Nationale Euro Numeris 6 DBT 1TR6 HKT NTT INS 64 National ISDN 1 and ISDN 2 Keyword aul etsi vn3 vn6 1tr6 hkt ntt ni2 Using the GUI to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 33 lll Hx Table 4 1 Switch Types for isdntool Continued Country Switch Type North America AT amp T 5ESS PTP MTP North America NT DMS100 Sweden SWD ETSI United Kingdom BT ISDN 2 Keyword 5ess dms swd etsi bt2 Profile A Calling Number Sub Address SPID Local 1 CLI 1 Force56 Figure 4 8 Configuration Options Profile A 5 Set up a Profile Use Profile A for one interface and one B channel configuration Use Profile B for a multipoint or NI 2 connection If two or more profiles were assigned use both Profile A and Profile B a Type the phone number for your ISDN line in the Calling Number field This field is req
4. ff 03 c0 21 01 00 00 1b 01 04 Ob b8 05 06 01 a2 14 35 26 max172 0 Send LCP Packet Config Request id 01 length 001b Maximum Receive unit 3000 Magic Number 01a2989f Multilink Max Receive Reconstructed Unit 3200 Multilink Endpoint Discriminator IEEE 802 1 Globally Assigned MAC Address 08 00 20 77 0 8 ff 03 c0 21 01 01 00 1b 01 04 Ob b8 05 06 01 a2 Troubleshooting 93 6 Problems Calling a Remote System 94 Use ping 1M to call one of the remote systems connected to your IP ISDN network Before doing this SunISDN must be configured and running on the remote system and a path to this system must be defined in the IP ISDN map If no answer is received from the remote system check the journal file for status and error messages ping remote system i no answer from remote system i tail f var opt SUNWisdn log No Dialing Status Message 1 Check that the IP dialup interface used to route IP datagrams to the remote system is active The IP dialup interface should be marked 1ags UP RUNNING If the IP dialup interface is not active check the shell commands entered in the IP ISDN map f usr sbin ifconfig a 2 Check the routing table on your local system using netstat 1M to display it A route to the remote system or the network to which it is attached via the IP ISDN interface is displayed usr bin netstat r
5. If there is a problem with the routing table you can use the route 1M command to adjust it manually You can flush the current table by typing usr sbin route f SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 O lll Connection Failure A connection failure usually indicates a problem between your system and the local connection to the ISDN exchange the phone jack Occasional connection failures may occur during normal operation and can be ignored Systematic data link failures normally indicate a hardware layer 1 problem You may have a problem with the ISDN hardware interface installed in your system a problem with the cable connecting your system to the ISDN or a problem with the ISDN line installed to your premises Check the hardware interfaces installed in your system Also check the cables between your system and the local connection to the ISDN line Check if the ISDN is working and the quality of the connection by making a call with an ISDN compatible telephone Problems Communicating with a Remote System If the connection to the remote system is successful but the remote system does not respond there may be a problem sending data to or receiving data from the remote end Use snoop 1M to capture the packets transmitted across the network Run snoop on the IP dialup interfaces at both the local and remote ends and repeat the ping command snoop d ifpppnum ping remote system i
6. The icmp echo request packets leave the local system and arrive at the remote system The icmp echo response packets then leave the remote system and arrive at the local system icmp echo request Packets Do Not Arrive At the Remote End For systems connected across an AT amp T 5ESS 5e5 conformant network in the United States this may indicate that you are trying to send data at a rate of 64 kbps over a link that only supports a 56 kbps service In this case try configuring both the local system and the remote system to transmit data across the B channel at 56 kbps Troubleshooting 95 96 For systems connected across other network types this may indicate that the Point to Point Protocol PPP has failed to establish a direct link between the two systems Check for PPP errors in var opt SUNWisdn 1og icmp echo response Packets Are Not Returned If icmp echo request packets arrive at the remote end and the remote system does not returning icmp echo response packets the problem may be located at the remote end only A routing problem may exist at the remote end Repeat the diagnostic tests on the remote system SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 O lll IP Routing Problems A common error when using SunISDN to transmit IP datagrams across the ISDN results from incorrect or inefficient IP routing For more information about IP routing refer to the Solaris 2 5 Administering TCP IP and UUCP As a general r
7. 1 Select ISDN from the Configure menu The ISDN Configuration Options window is displayed Figure 4 5 30 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 sj ISDN Configuration Options File Heip r Physical Interfaces Network Type for isdnO so Select A Network 5css Select Profile B isdn_1 r Profile A SPID 0178018340 Local J CLI 1 Force56 r Profile B a CLI zt Force56 Reset OK l Figure 4 5 ISDN Configuration Options Window 2 Set ISDN parameters using the ISDN Configuration Options window The following steps walk you through setting the parameters The isdntool captures the physical ISDN interfaces available and displays them in the Physical Interfaces field Figure 4 6 The numbers shown in this window represent your ISDN interfaces For example isdn 0 represents te 0 Using the GUI to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 31 32 r Physical Interfaces isdn 0 Figure 4 6 Physical Interface Field 3 Double click on the appropriate physical interface If only one physical interface exists you still must double click to select it SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 fal ISDN Configuration Options File Heip isdn_0 isdn 1 m Network Type for isdnO r Physical Interfaces Select A Network Sess Select Profile B Profile A
8. SND on 1 at 18 51 21 0292 SETUP Q931 Call reference 2 ORIG IE 01 Bc 88 90 IE 402 Keypad 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 IE 03 Calling nb cl 39 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 RCV on 1 at 18 51 21 0513 gt CALL PROC Q931 Call reference 2 DEST IE 01 Channel id 89 RCV on 1 at 18 51 21 0779 INFO Q931 Call reference 0 ORIG IE 01 Codeset 6 IE 02 Sel call appear 01 IE 03 Keypad control 01 IE 04 Feature ind 81 0a 01 IE 405 Display cont 10 RCV on 1 at 18 51 21 0989 gt CONNECT 0931 Call_reference 2 DEST SND on 1 at 18 51 22 0153 CONNECT ACKNOWLEDGE Q931 Call reference 2 ORIG WARNING 51984 outgoing frames were lost WARNING 52007 incoming frames were lost The second trace suppresses the lost data indication and was generated using the following command line options opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrac n 5ess 1 2 off l 2 off 1 Troubleshooting gi lll O Using ppptrace 92 RCV SND RCV RCV RCV SND RCV SND RCV SND on l at 18 51 13 00335 SETUP Q931 IE 01 Bc 80 90 a2 IE 02 Channel id 88 IE 03 Codeset 6 IE 404 Des call appear 01 on 1 at 18 51 21 0292 SETUP Q931 IE 01 Bc 88 90 IE 02 Keypad 31 32 33 34 35 IE 03 Calling nb cl 38 37 36 35 on 1 at 18 51 21 0513 gt CALL PROC Q931 IE 01 Channel id 89 on l at 18 51 21 0779 INFO Q931 IE 01 Codeset 6 IE 402 Sel call appear 01 IE 03 Keypad control OL IE 04 Feature ind 81 0a
9. 18 51 18 51 T8514 PAE 1211 i215 12414 S29 53t 52 253 53 0292 gt 0513 gt 0779 0989 0153 0088 0114 0324 0344 SETUP Q931 Call reference 2 CALL PROC Q931 Call reference 2 INFO Q931 Call reference 0 CONNECT Q931 Call reference 2 CONNECT ACKNOWLEDGE Q931 Call reference 2 DISCONNECT Q931 Call reference 2 DISCONNECT Q931 Call reference 2 Call reference 2 RELEASE Q931 RELEASE COMPLETE Q931 Call reference 2 ORIG DEST ORIG DEST ORIG DEST ORIG DEST ORIG Example Trace 6 Layer 3 Information Element ASCII This example trace was taken on a system attached directly to the ISDN through an interface conforming to the AT amp T 5ESS 5e5 specification using the following command line options opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n 5ess 1 2 off 3 ie ascii SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 6 pun Start of connection establishment SND on 1 at 18 51 21 0292 gt SETUP Q931 Call_reference 2 ORIG procedure Local system in di Bo generates SETUP message IE 02 Keypad 12345678 IE 03 Calling nb 87654321 Called and calling addresses in ni AA erue us mE RCV on 1 at 18 51 21 0513 CALL PROC Q931 Call reference 2 DEST ecogeaan Isp aye IE 01 Channel id RCV on 1 at 18 51 21 0779 gt INFO 0931 Call_reference 0 ORIG IE 01 Codeset 6 IE 02 Sel call appear IE 03 Keypad control IE 04 Feature ind
10. 1link_retry_count 1link_suspend_timer hunt_mode restart_timer max_restarts flcp mru ccp off stac_ascend stac IETF lcb 60 2 20 4 24 clamped links will not get deleted 1 desired nb of aggregated links 3 retry n times and backlist this link 300 keep blacklisted for timer duration on off 3000 default RFC value is 3000ms 20 4 default RFC value is 10 1524 default mru is 1500 Code Example A 2 Sample PPP Configuration File Configuration Example 121 122 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 Quick SunISDN Installation and Configuration B This appendix provides guidelines for an experienced SunISDN user to quickly install and configure SunISDN 1 0 4 v To Install and Configure SunISDN Quickly 1 Collect the necessary information from your phone company regarding your configuration 2 Become superuser 3 Remove existing ISDN packages Refer to the pkginfo and pkgrm instructions for both ppp and isdn in Chapter 3 Installing SunISDN 1 0 4 4 Install SunISDN 1 0 4 software using pkgadd See Chapter 3 Installing SunISDN 1 0 4 a pkgadd loops back to the installation menu and asks Do you want to continue Keep replying y yes until you have installed all the packages Installation takes 5 10 minutes b Quit pkgadd when it starts to repeat the cycle through the packages c Use pkginfo for ppp and isdn when you complete the installation to
11. Both PAP and CHAP authentication schemes are combined with the use of a security card for example the Enigma DES Gold Card or Security Dynamics SecurID to provide even greater security than PAP or CHAP alone PAP Token CHAP is used to individually authenticate all channels of an MP call If the remote system requires security card authentication PAP will be used to authenticate the first channel of an MP call When additional channels are added CHAP is used to authenticate the new channel and works without the security card SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 No lll Calling system Calling system initiates call Calling system sends local parameters Calling system continues with negotiation process Figure 2 2 Before You Begin IP ISDN B subnetwork Password Authentication Called system Called system receives call and requests identification using CHAP or PAP Called system compares incoming identifier against the remote identifier for each path If no match is found call is disconnected If a match is found the called system compares incoming password against the remote password for the matching path If no match is found call is disconnected If a match is found the called system continues the negotiation process 15 lll No C Incoming call accepted Call disconnected Local system requests CHAP pa
12. IE 05 Display cont RCV on 1 at 18 51 21 0989 gt CONNECT 9931 Call_reference 2 DEST SND on 1 at 18 51 22 0153 gt CONNECT ACKNOWLEDGE Q931 Call_reference 2 ORIG RCV on 1 at 18 51 53 0088 gt DISCONNECT Q931 Call_reference 2 DEST IE 01 Cause SND on 1 at 18 51 53 0114 gt DISCONNECT Q931 Call_reference 2 ORIG IE 01 Cause RCV on 1 at 18 51 53 0324 gt RELEASE Q931 Call_reference 2 DEST SND on 1 at 18 51 53 0344 gt RELEASE COMPLETE Q931 Call_reference 2 ORIG Example Trace 7 Time Stamping Suppressed This example trace was taken on a system attached directly to the ISDN through an interface conforming to the AT amp T 5ESS 5e5 specification using the default command line options opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n 5ess 1 t Troubleshooting 89 lll O Start of connection establishment procedure Local system generates SETUP message Called and calling addresses can be decoded from the information elements ISDN exchange acknowledges connection attempt and returns encoded Channel Id indicating channel B1 or B2 Management information returned by the ISDN exchange or PABX 90 SND on 1 gt UI TEI Mngt Identity Request RCV on 1 gt UI TEI Mngt Identity Assigned SND on 1 SABME RCV on 1 UA SND on 1 INFO SETUP Q931 IE 401 Bc IE 402 Keypad IE 403 Calling nb RCV on 1 RR RCV on 1 INFO CALL PROC Q931 IE 01 Channel id SND on 1 RR RCV on 1 INFO IN
13. MP multiplexing NCP network termination network signaling ns NT1 NT2 octet OSI 130 Link control protocol A subset of the PPP protocol used to establish configure and test data link connections The phone number of the site being configured that is the calling number not the remote site number Also this is a separate field that adds additional identification along with or sometimes simply repeats the calling number The system on which the SunISDN software is installed and configured Multilink Protocol is based on a LCP option that permits combining multiple physical links into a bundle The bundle provides a virtual link with greater bandwidth than any of the constituent members A procedure that enables multiple users to access a single facility Common multiplexing schemes include time division multiplexing and frequency division multiplexing Network Control Program A subset of the Point to Point Protocol used to establish and configure different network layer protocols An ISDN compatible device that provides the physical and electrical termination between a terminal equipment TE device and the ISDN exchange This is equivalent to the OSI network layer Low level simple network termination device that provides physical and electrical termination only High level complex network termination device that performs multiplexing and message handling functions in addition to simpl
14. Reset Defaults OK 4 Figure 4 16 Advanced Options Configuration Window v To Configure Advanced Options 1 Click Bandwidth Controller to enable Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Bandwidth Controller is off by default Unless you turn it on all values in the Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation section of this window are inactive For an explanation of the default settings see the on line help or Table 2 2 on page 11 46 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 Hx Ii Click Enable MP to enable Multilink Protocol RFC 1717 Encapsulate CP is enabled simultaneously Use the on line help or see Table 5 3 on page 59 for detailed information Accept the LCP End Point default mac or select another setting The options are mac local ip ppp and psndn Use the on line help or see Table 5 3 on page 59 for detailed information Accept the LCP MRRU default 1600 or select another setting Use the on line help or see Table 5 3 on page 59 for detailed information Accept default settings for LCP parameters unless you have reason to change them Use the on line help or see Table 5 3 on page 59 for detailed information Click Use Caller ID to enable this parameter Use the on line help or see Table 5 3 on page 59 for detailed information Change Custom Network to ntt only in Japan The default setting is acceptable elsewhere Select Routing to add route commands The Routing window is displaye
15. 0 Call reference 2 ORIG 88 90 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 c1 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 r Sapi 0 c Sapi 0 Call reference 2 DEST 89 r Sapi 0 c Sapi 0 Call reference 0 ORIG Tei 80 p f 0 n r 1 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 1 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 1 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 1 INFO Q931 IE 01 Codeset 6 IE 402 Sel call appear IE 403 Keypad control IE 04 Feature ind IE 05 Display cont 01 01 81 0a 01 10 n s 0 n s 0 n s 1 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 O lll Remote system acknowledges connection End of connection establishment Start of call disconnect In this example both systems initiate a disconnect at the same time This represents a clear collision ISDN exchange or PABX acknowledges disconnect Local system acknowledges disconnect call cleared successfully End of call disconnect SND on 1 at 18 51 21 0797 gt RR RCV on 1 at 18 51 21 0989 gt INFO CONNECT Q931 SND on 1 at 18 51 22 0059 gt RR SND on 1 at 18 51 22 0153 gt INFO CONNECT ACKNOWLEDGE Q931 RCV on 1 at 18 51 22 0167 gt RR RCV on 1 at 18 51 52 0294 gt RR SND on 1 at 18 51 52 0304 gt RR RCV on 1 at 18 51 53 0088 gt INFO DISCONNECT Q931 IE 01 Cause SND on 1 at 18 51 53 0114 gt INFO DISCONNECT Q931 IE 01 Cause SND on 1 at 18 51 53 0118 gt RR RCV on 1 at 18 51 53 0128 gt RR RCV on 1 at 18 51 53 0324 gt INFO RELEASE Q931 SND on 1 at 18 51 53 0338 gt RR S
16. Another option is to set up gated db db dE db db db db db d db db db db db db dk If use_caller_id set to off or if the calling_address is not provided by the ISDN service provider make sure the pap chap information is UNIQUE for each path PAP or CHAP must be used when caller id is not present as it is the only way to associate an IP PPP path with an incoming connection request If use_caller_id is set to on and the calling_address is presented by the network neither pap nor chap will be used to find to associate a path with an incoming connection request the PPP manager will rely exclusively on the calling address If you have defined several paths to the same remote same remote address or if you wish to identify client connections solely based on pap chap i e nomadic system turn this option to off db db dE db db db db db d db db db db dk fuse caller id off default is on 4 Uncomment the isdn path keyword to create a path object isdn_path name any name typically remote hostname default_route ifppp interfaces only network nil MUST BE SET TO ntt in JAPAN interface ifppp peer_ip_address gt gateway lt inactivity_timeout 120 ipsetup_timeout 120 send advertise messages every 10 minutes which will cause some unwanted phone calls Configuration Example 115 He db dE db db od 3 HE ode oc Hb db dE db de db db db d db db d db db db dE db db dk
17. Connection Database Name File Help Interface Source Destination isdn2 2 cat atm6 ifppp2 isdn2 2 isdn6 cat_atm17 ifppp1 isdn2 2 isdn5 cat_atm6_isdn3 ifpppO isdn2 2 isdn3 s Figure 4 11 PPP Configuration Options Window Name 0 s s S Add Delete OK al 2 Type an identifying name for the remote machine in the Name field This can be the remote machine s host name IP address or any other identifier you choose Click the Add button to set this configuration The information you typed is displayed in the scrolling list at the top of this window Figure 4 11 and the IP Interface Parameters window is displayed Figure 4 12 The IP Interface window is the first of six windows or folders in the Connection Settings notebook You will use the windows in the connection notebook to configure the parameters for this connection You must complete the first four folders sequentially The last two folders are optional As you complete each folder save the parameters When you have configured all the necessary parameters for this connection click the OK button in the PPP Configuration Options window Figure 4 11 to save the connection database to your isppp cf file Using the GUI to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 37 lll Hx Caution The parameters you set for this connection using the connection notebook are not saved to your isppp cf file until you click the
18. Example Trace 2 Layer 1 Information Suppressed This example trace was taken on a system attached directly to the ISDN through an interface conforming to the AT amp T 5ESS 5e5 specification using the following command line options opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n 5ess 1 This trace is almost identical to the previous example however there is no record of the layer 1 activation deactivation caused by connecting and disconnecting the ISDN line Troubleshooting 83 lll O Start of connection establishment procedure Local system generates SETUP message Called and calling addresses can be decoded from the information elements ISDN exchange acknowledges connection attempt and returns encoded Channel Id indicating channel B1 or B2 Management information returned by the ISDN exchange or PABX 84 SND on 1 at 18 51 21 0222 UI TEI Mngt Identity Request RCV on 1 at 18 51 21 0239 UI TEI Mngt Identity Assigned SND on 1 at 18 51 21 0250 SABME RCV on 1 at 18 51 21 0263 UA SND on 1 at 18 51 21 0292 INFO SETUP Q931 IE 401 Bc IE 402 Keypad IE 403 Calling nb RCV on 1 at 18 51 21 0307 RR RCV on 1 at 18 51 21 0513 INFO CALL PROC Q931 IE 01 Channel id SND on 1 at 18 51 21 0529 gt RR RCV on 1 at 18 51 21 0779 INFO c Sapi 63 Tei 127 p f 0 Ai 127 Ri 32495 c Sapi 63 Tei 127 p f 0 Ai 80 Ri 32495 c Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 1 r Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 1 c Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r
19. Pap Peer Password Chap Peer Secret Chap Peer Name a w Pap Chap v Pap Token Chap w Both w Pap Chap None We Respond With m m They Respond With Only Required for Incoming Call with no Caller ID isdn4 jisdn4 Reset Defaults Figure 4 14 PPP Security Configuration Window To Configure the Security Parameters 1 Click Security Card only if you are using security card authentication Security Card applies either to the Enigma DES Gold Card or Security Dynamics SecurID Use the on line help or see Table 5 3 on page 59 for detailed information Clicking Security Card highlights Pap Token Chap authentication If this is a valid option all necessary information for this authentication scheme will be given to you by the authenticator SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 E Click the type of authentication scheme you will use Pap Chap or Both The fields where you enter information will be activated depending on the type of authentication scheme you selected Type your assigned Pap ID in the Pap ID field or your Chap Secret in the Chap Secret field Get this information from the remote site Type your assigned password in the Pap Password or your Chap Name in the Chap Name field Get this information from the remote site Select Phone to configure phone options in the PPP file The Phone Configuration is displayed Figure 4 15 Using the GUI
20. 0 4 5 SUNWisdnm SunISDN 1 0 4 Loadable Binary Interface Modules sparc 1 0 4 6 SUNWisdnu SunISDN 1 0 4 Utilities Graphical User Interface sparc 1 0 4 Select package s you wish to process or all to process all packages ally qq Note pkgadd keeps recycling through its script once it s started Therefore you must quit q the program the second time this screen comes up As each package is processed a message is displayed that indicates what package is being installed The script displays installing followed by a list of files being installed Next it says installing post install script Finally copyright and licensing information are displayed After each package is installed a prompt asks if you want to continue the installation 3 Type y and press Return This process is repeated for each SunISDN 1 0 4 software package Installing SunISDN 1 0 4 21 lll Qo Note If the program attempts to install a package that already exists a message similar to the following is displayed and you are prompted to continue The following files are already installed on the system and are being used by another package usr kernel drv lcp usr kernel drv pppmgt usr kernel drv ifppp Do you want to install these conflicting files y n q y 4 Type y and press Return 5 After completing the installation verify that the SunISDN 1 0 4 software packages have been in
21. 01 IE 05 Display cont 10 on 1 at 18 51 21 0989 gt CONNECT Q931 on 1 at 18 51 22 0153 gt CONNECT ACKNOWLEDGE Q931 on 1 at 18 51 53 0088 gt IE 01 Cause on 1 at 18 51 53 0114 gt IE 01 Cause on 1 at 18 51 53 0324 gt on 1 at 18 51 53 0344 gt DISCONNECT Q931 80 90 DISCONNECT 9931 80 90 RELEASE 0931 RELEASE COMPLETE 0931 Call reference 7f Call reference 2 36 37 38 34 33 3Z 31 Call reference 2 Call reference 0 Call reference 2 Call reference 2 Call reference 2 Call reference 2 Call reference 2 Call reference 2 DEST ORIG DEST ORIG DEST ORIG DEST ORIG DEST ORIG The command line facility for tracing and recording the PPP activity is called ppptrace Use ppptrace to trace PPP packets sent and received by all PPP links The x option is used to provide information for the entire PPP packet SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 O lll v To Run ppptrace Become superuser enter the following command and press Return ppptrace Example Trace 1 Taken from an Outgoing Call This example trace was taken on making an outgoing call such as ping 14 35 25 max172 0 Send LCP Packet Config Request id 00 length 001b Maximum Receive unit 3000 Magic Number 01a2989f Multilink Max Receive Reconstructed Unit 3200 Multilink Endpoint Discriminator IEEE 802 1 Globally Assigned MAC Address 08 00 20 77 0 8f
22. Administration Guide for additional information IP LAN connection hare ISDN WAN connection hare i ifpppO C PPP ISDN IP LAN connection burke ISDN WAN A connection burke i ifpppO Figure 5 1 SunISDN Point to Point Configuration Example SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 O1 lll PPP Configuration File Keywords Table 5 3 describes each setting keyword in the PPP configuration file Table 5 3 Point to Point Protocol PPP Configuration Keywords PPP Configuration File Keyword Description route Establishes a static route to a remote gateway The format is where route add net destination gateway hop count net is an optional parameter used only if the destination is a network destination specifies the remote host name or network gateway is the name of the system that will redirect traffic to the remote host or network typically the name of your local router hop count equals number of hops to gateway Refer to man route 1M for more details use_caller_id Applies to all paths mentioned in the PPP configuration file isppp cf When use caller idis set to on and caller idis provided on an incoming call the PPP manager will use it to find a path When use caller id is set to off or not available caller id on an incoming call is ignored In this case the PPP manager will re
23. Appendix A Configuration Example provides an example of extracts from an ISDN configuration file and a PPP configuration file Appendix B Quick SunISDN Installation and Configuration provides guidelines for an experienced SunISDN user to quickly install and configure SunISDN 1 0 4 This document may not include specific software commands or procedures Instead it may name software tasks and refer you to operating system documentation or the handbook that was shipped with your new hardware The type of information you might need to use references for includes Shutting down the system Booting the system Configuring devices e e e Other basic software procedures See one or more of the following Solaris 2 x Handbook for SMCC Peripherals contains Solaris 2 x software commands On line AnswerBook for the complete set of documentation supporting the Solaris 2 x software environment Other software documentation that you received with your system SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 Typographic Conventions Shell Prompts The following table describes the typographic changes used in this book Typeface or Symbol Meaning Example AaBbCc123 The names of commands Edit your login file files and directories Use ls a to list all files on screen computer output machine_name S You have mail AaBbCc123 What you type contrasted machine_name su with on screen computer Password o
24. IP Because the identifier is used to make an initial identification of the presumed caller it is essential that each remote system is assigned a unique identifier in the IP ISDN map If duplicate identifiers are presented by two different systems both calls will be accepted provisionally against the first matching path However one of the calls will be refused unless they both present the same password By convention the identifier sent by each system when it initiates a call is configured to be its primary IP address host name Before You Begin 13 14 As for all password based security schemes the network only remains secure for as long as the PPP identifiers and PPP passwords used remain undisclosed The primary difference between CHAP and PAP is that CHAP parameters are encrypted during transmission while PAP parameters are not It is therefore easier for a determined hacker to impersonate an authorized caller using PAP Note You can use either CHAP or PAP But you cannot mix PAP and CHAP between the local and remote machines except when using PAP Token CHAP When using multiple paths each path name and password must be unique Figure 2 2 on page 15 shows the way in which PPP identifiers and passwords are exchanged between systems Figure 2 3 on page 16 shows the algorithm used by the connection manager to determine whether an incoming call is accepted or refused when CHAP or PAP is enabled on its own PAP Token CHAP
25. OK button in the PPP Configuration Options window Figure 4 11 sf Connection Settings cat atm14 File Heip IP interface Connection Security Phone Advanced Options Routing r IP Interface Parameters Name paama SSS Source Name SEG SSCS Destination Name dd o IP Netmask J Private JE Default Route none x Call Filter Reset Defaults OK Figure 4 12 PPP IP Interface Parameters Window v To Configure IP Interface Parameters 1 Check the name in the Name field If you made a typographical error or want to change the name for this connection edit the Name field in this window 2 Type your local machine s host name or IP address in the Source Name field 38 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 3 Type the remote machine s host name or its IP address in the Destination Name field The IP Netmask default setting is and requires no further input Note If you change the netmask default setting do not use a hex format ff ff ff f0 The following formats are acceptable 255 255 255 240 or Oxffffff00 4 Select Private or Default Route Select this option to prevent the in routed 1M network routing daemon from advertising the interface Use on line help or see Table 5 3 on page 59 for detailed information 5 Select Connection to configure connection parameters The Connection Settings window is displayed Figure 4 13 Using the GUI to C
26. STAC Check Mode Select 1cb for Cisco Select sequence3 for Network Express 4 Click Callback if you want to use the callback option They will call back is the Callback Type default Accept the Reenable Timeout default of 30 seconds or set your preferred time See the on line help for more information about Reenable Timeout Accept the Call Back Timeout default of 10 seconds or set your preferred time if you select We will call back See the on line help for more information about the Call Back Timeout 5 Click Bandwidth Controller to turn on bandwidth control To prevent call collisions only one side should have bandwidth control turned on The caller typically turns on bandwidth control Hunt Mode is not compatible with Callback or Bandwidth Controller turned on See the on line help for more information about Hunt Mode 6 Click Dynamic IP Address only if you are in nomadic mode See on line help on Dynamic IP Address or Table 5 3 on page 59 for more information Select Security to set security parameters The Security Configuration window is displayed Figure 4 14 Using the GUI to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 41 7 Connection Settings cat atm14 File Help IP Interface Connection Security Phone Advanced Options Routing r Security Parameters Security Card They Authenticate Us With We Authenticate Them With Pap ID Pap Password Chap Secret Chap Name Pap Peer ID
27. called EAZ does not apply to 1TR6 point to point Multipoint NI 1 and NI 2 configurations also require configuring the local address Set the local address to the cc calling nb value cc calling sub add vs cc local sub add If you are connecting multiple devices to an ISDN line provided by British Telecom isdn2 France Telecom vn3 or vn6 or Nippon Telegraph and Telephone INS Net64 you can give each ISDN device a unique subaddress that will be used to discriminate between devices with the same ISDN number The subaddress can be assigned by the phone company where needed or you may be allowed to make one up For example ETSI users are provided a subaddress Using a Text Editor to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 53 54 Table 5 1 ISDN Configuration Parameters Continued Parameter Description cc forceb56 64 Kbps is preferable If any part of the connection between the local and remote sites is 56 Kbps then you must set cc_force56 to on for incoming calls only cocci Set to on only if you are in a country that supports CLI and you subscribe to it See Calling Line Identifier CLI on page 17 for more information cc na country Country of the calling nb system The following are recognized Australia Europe France Germany Japan United Kingdom and USA cc na operator Switch type of the calling nb system The graphical user interface uses only the switch t
28. click OK in the PPP Configuration Options window Figure 4 18 to save your connection parameters to your etc opt SUNWisdn SUNWisppp cf file Select Exit from the File menu in the isdntool Main window Figure 4 1 3 Reboot your machine sync sync sync reboot 4 4 Gb 4 Restart both ISDN and PPP after rebooting your system Start isdntool again and click Restart See Step 3 and Step 4 on page 27 Note After you have initially configured the isdn or ppp configuration files and rebooted your machine you can make additional changes to the files without rebooting Just start isdntool and click Restart SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 Using a Text Editor to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 5 This chapter shows you how to configure the ISDN configuration files and the point to point networking protocol PPP configuration files using a text editor Examples in this chapter show vi as the text editor but instructions are the same regardless of the text editor you use The ISDN configuration file contains such information as calling party phone number country of origin and so on The PPP configuration file identifies the path to the party called both from a computer system standpoint and the actual phone numbers to be used as well as the security features to be implemented Both ISDN and PPP configuration files are formatted for keyword value entries Information for these values such as local callin
29. client side dynamic addressing applies to ifppp interfaces only The client side address will be provided by the server after ppp negotiation A Bogus address must be used on the client to plumb up the interface see ifconfig command above i e ifconfig ifppp0 plumb bogus address server up negotiate_address onloff Call Back This should typically be enabled on the callback server callback on default is off callback_timeout 5 This should be set on the client It will disable the path until the server actually calls back to avoid any call collision problem reenable_ timeout 30 Dial up parameters called_number remote system directory number address sub_address if any grouping always 1 for BRI interface local physical isdn interface name of the form name_index any use for automatic physical interface selection profile local call control profile A or B or any US multipoint switches may have 2 profiles configured with each a different SPID and DN Other switch types always use profile A any use for automatic profile selection service B channel baud rate data56 56000bps or data64 64000bps HDLC 64000bps support depends on SS7 availability between local exchanges dir number grouping interface profile service called_number gt DN lt 1 isdn O0 A set this to data56 or data64 called number gt DN lt 1 isdn 1 B set this to datab56 or data64 called number gt DN lt 1 any
30. interfaces graphiques OPEN LOOK et qui en outre se conforment aux licences crites de Sun CETTE PUBLICATION EST FOURNIE EN L ETAT SANS GARANTIE D AUCUNE SORTE NI EXPRESSE NI IMPLICITE Y COMPRIS ET SANS QUE CETTE LISTE NE SOIT LIMITATIVE DES GARANTIES CONCERNANT LA VALEUR MARCHANDE L APTITUDE DES PRODUITS A REPONDRE A UNE UTILISATION PARTICULIERE OU LE FAIT QU ILS NE SOIENT PAS CONTREFAISANTS DE PRODUITS DE TIERS Recycle Adobe PostScript Contents Preface eerseet eee Ela deae dE PE AREE EE ENENVHR PERPE EE xi 1 SUnISDN LOG 23k o o e ae e her i ECCE SunISDN Website cu ado en IC LG Ue UE e SunISDN 1 0 4 Features cst esae lb x xxx ERR Rn ReguirementS cq eed x OU RR qax RR EE ERE Whats ISDN isses timi rRERRRGHG RR pees ene E ud EV b 2 Before You Deplh s 5 0 8955595 5509s eRe eee Required Information usse eer v e oa a or eee 0 bes JOPIIEDOTOEY id esse ents eee te bbb dabas D dI EUER Ie p Network Switch Type iode notan cetdokedamikol 3 6 exc Directory imbelles 2 xad cw eo udo ao CRI T ke du RE Service Profile IDentifier SPID 2 2 sese ees Baud Bale serer te regane praata NL ERSq A EI iran iO d NN Os D UW CO N N O2 HH Point to Point ptp Interfaces 600 c cece ees Multilink Protocol RFC 1717 0 ee eee eee 10 iii Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation 1 extre n Data Compression ea eie hearse eines Koo e CR DECUEILY Los sand Re pda eed Eau ed Ed Cah Ree es baa Callback ine rerekan RR
31. intermediate network that is unrecognized No route to destination The call was actually routed through a network that does not serve the destination address Channel unacceptable The quality of service provided by the specified channel was insufficient to accept the connection 99 lll N Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause 100 7 16 17 18 19 21 22 26 27 28 Call awarded and delivered in an established channel The user was awarded an incoming call and the call is being connected to a channel that is established for similar calls Normal call clearing Reports the normal clearing of a call User Busy The called system acknowledged the connection request but is unable to accept the call because the B channels are currently in use No user responding The connection could not be completed because the destination failed to respond to the call No answer from user user alerted The destination responded to the connection request but failed to complete the connection within the prescribed time Problem at the remote end Call rejected The destination was capable of accepting the call was neither busy nor incompatible but rejected the call for some other reason Number changed The ISDN number used to set up the call is no longer assigned to any system If an alternate address was assigned to the called equipment it may be returned in the
32. latest version of MP and is the current standard in the industry Following the current industry standard creates the widest possible interoperability with other vendors Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation The PPP configuration file keywords in Table 2 2 are all related to dynamic bandwidth allocation DBA To prevent call collision only one side of the line connection can control adding and deleting links Typically you would set bandwidth controller to on on the caller s side and off on the called side Table 2 2 Bandwidth Parameters Keyword Setting bandwidth controller on off defaults to no hiwat defaults to 6096 lowat defaults to 10 hicnt defaults to 2 locnt defaults to 20 clamp defaults to 1 bandwidth defaults to 2 number of links link retry count defaults to 3 link suspend timer defaults to 300 Before You Begin 11 12 The dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm is built into the PPP manager and works as follows Both hiwat and lowat are specified as a percentage of available link bandwidth percentage of 56 Kbps or 64 Kbps for Basic Rate ISDN Both these figures are used as thresholds when allocating more than one B channel to a single connection for higher transfer rates The decision to add a link is made when either the aggregated input or aggregated output rate consistently exceeds the hiwat threshold for hicnt sampling periods The decision to delete a link is made when the aggregate full duplex rate
33. local nb optional fcc local sub add gt local sub add lt optional fcc force56 on fcc cli on cc na country usa f australia france germany japan uk europe sweden cc na operator ni2 aul vn2 tr6 ntt etsi dms 5ess ni2 j 4 PROFILE B not needed for att ptp or non US switch types fcc profile B dcc calling nb gt calling number lt dcc calling sub add gt calling sub add lt fcc local nb gt local nb or calling nb lt optional fcc local sub add gt local sub add lt optional fcc local nb gt local nb lt optional fcc local sub add gt local sub add lt optional fcc local nb gt local nb lt optional fcc local sub add 10cal sub add optional fcc local nb gt local nb lt optional fcc local sub add local sub add optional fcc force56 on fcc cli on fcc na country usa australia france germany japan uk europe sweden fcc na operator ni2 aul vn2 tr6 ntt etsi dms 5ess ni2 Note ns_spid should be commented out for non US switch types 108 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 2e lll ns_config Network Signalling parameters 0 931 ns_profile A ns spid gt spid A or nil lt US only PROFILE B not needed for att ptp or non US switch types dns profile B ns_spid gt spid B or nil lt US only PLEASE comment out the following lines for non US switch types BEGIN US switch
34. magic numbers psndn is Class 5 with a value that represents an international telephone directory number The endpoint discriminator option advises a system that the peer on this link could be the same as the peer on another existing link This option is not required for MP If you choose to use this option as an additional level of security you must make sure that the value used is unique network wide If you are connecting to an Ascend device you must set this option to mac mac is the default setting security card Must be set to on to use Enigma DES Gold Card or Secure Dynamics SecurID authentication will do authentication Indicates whether the system will participate in authentication protocol Options are pap chap pap token chap or both Set pap or chap if the remote system requires authentication Must be set to pap token chap only for Enigma DES Gold card or SecurID authentication The default is both Using a Text Editor to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 63 64 Table 5 3 Point to Point Protocol PPP Configuration Keywords Continued PPP Configuration File Keyword Description require authentication Indicates whether the remote peer is required to authenticate itself Set either pap or chap Do not mix pap and chap on local and remote machines The configuration should be symmetrical that is both sides should use pap or chap or neither When interoperating with SunLink 1 0 use pa
35. opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n network type b raw output file s Modifying the Default Output Format By default the isdntrace always displays the decoded layer one physical layer information Running isdntrace with the 1 option suppresses the layer 1 information entirely opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n network type 1 By default isdntrace always displays the decoded layer 2 data link layer information together with details of the TEI management Run isdntrace with the 2 option to modify the information displayed Troubleshooting Z7 lll O v To Modify the Default Output Format Use the off modifier to suppress the layer 2 information entirely opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n network type 2 off Use the hex modifier to display the hexadecimal equivalent of the layer 2 information opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n network type 2 hex Use the basic modifier to display the decoded layer 2 information opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n network type 2 basic Use the detail modifier to display the decoded layer 2 information together with details of the TEI Terminal Endpoint Identifier management default opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n network type detail By default isdntrace always displays the decoded layer 3 network layer messages and Information Elements IEs together with the hex equivalent of the inf
36. specific parameters DMS AT amp T NI 1 2 dl tei time assignment DL_TEI_TIME_ASSIGN_USA dl tei time removal DL TEI TIME REMOVAL USA dl sapi 04 SIG dl dlcep nb 3 if 2DNs 2SPIDS configured set to 3 nil 2 dms att mtp if switch is att ptp or 1DN 1SPID configured set to 2 if sharing mpt line with a phone set to 2 mixed voice data dl rc nb 10004 N202 retry count to activate layer 2 dl sapi 634 MGT dl dlcep nb 3 if 2DNs 2SPIDS configured set to 3 nil 2 dms att mtp if switch is att ptp or 1DN 1SPID configured set to 2 if sharing mpt line with a phone set to 2 mixed voice data E dl rc nb 10004 N202 retry count to activate layer 2 END of US switch parameters Code Example A 1 Sample ISDN Configuration File Configuration Example 109 EA PPP Configuration File Example 110 Table A 2 shows a synthesis of a PPP configuration file example In this example you must enter the following command line to set up the interface to the network The two host names in this example file are isdn3 and isdn5 The ifconfig line for the first isppp cf file is ifconfig ifpppO plumb isdn3 isdn5 netmask up Table A 2 etc opt SUNWisdn isppp cf Configuration File ifconfig ifppp0 ifconfig ifppp0 Field isdn3 to isdn5 isdn5 to isdn3 use_caller_id on on isdn_path name isdn5 isdn3 default_route network nil nil interface ifpppO ifpppO inactivity
37. te configuration file Hostname isdn3 Hostname isdn5 File 0 1 0 0 1 1 Line type PTP PTP MTP MTP MTP MTP profile A A A B A B cc calling nb 1111111 1111111 3333333 4444444 5555555 666666 cc_na_country usa usa usa usa usa usa cc_na_operator 5ess 5ess dms dms dms dms cc force56 off off off off off off ns spid nil nil 4153333333 4154444444 415555555 4156666666 The ISDN physical layer looks at these fields as phone number connections PPP looks at these connections as between isdn3 and isdn5 which are the host names for the first and second machines The other required fields in this file are the country cc na country field and the operator cc na operator field where you specify the switch type Code Example A 1 is a sample isdn cf file as it would be displayed on your screen SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 aE db Hb ck Hb db dE db ck Hb db dE db d db db db db db db d db db dk SunISDN 1 04 configuration file isdn cf Warning dms 5ess multipoint and ni2 switch types may support 1DN 1DN 1SPID or 2DNs 2SPIDs Therefore two cc profiles and two ns profiles may be configured over the same dl and physical interface Other switch types must always have a single cc profile and a single ns profile configured about force 56 A 56Kb outgoing call may appear as a 64Kb call on the incoming side due to configuration problem
38. timeout 30 35 ipsetup timeout 180 120 negotiate address off off callback off off callback timeout 10 10 reenable timeout 30 30 called number 3333333 data56 1111111 data56 called_number 4444444 data56 1111111 data56 called_number 5555555 data56 2222222 data56 called_number 6666666 data56 2222222 data56 ipcp_compression off off security_card off off will do authentication chap chap SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 Table A 2 etc opt SUNWisdn isppp cf Configuration File Continued ifconfig ifppp0 ifconfig ifppp0 Field isdn3 to isdn5 isdn5 to isdn3 require_authentication chap chap pap_id off off pap_password off off pap_peer_id off off pap_peer_password off off chap_secret isdn3 isdn5 chap_name isdn3 isdn5 chap_peer_secret isdn5 isdn3 chap_peer_name isdn5 isdn3 lcp encapsulation MP MP lcp mrru 1600 1600 lcp endpoint off off encapsulate cp off off ccp ccp ccp compression stac stac stac_check_mode Icb lcb bandwidth controller on off hiwat 60 off hicnt 2 off lowat 20 off locnt 4 off clamp 2 off bandwidth 1 off link retry count 3 off link suspend timer 300 off hunt mode off off Configuration Example 111 112 Table A 2 etc opt SUNWisdn isppp cf Configuration File Continued ifconfig ifppp0 ifconfig ifppp0 Field i
39. to the relevant carrier dependent interface specification The following example traces were taken from a system connected to the ISDN through an interface conforming to the AT amp T 5ESS 5e5 specifications They are the result of a single successful ping generated by the local system SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 O lll Layer 1 deactivated Layer 1 activated Connection begins to be established Local system generates SETUP message Called and calling addresses can be decoded from the information elements ISDN exchange acknowledges connection attempt and returns encoded Channel Id indicating channel B1 or B2 Example Trace 1 Default Options This example trace was taken on a system attached directly to the ISDN through an interface conforming to the AT amp T 5ESS 5e5 specification using the default command line options opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n 5ess RCV on 1 at 18 51 12 0146 MANAGEMENT DISCONNECT INDICATION RCV on 1 at 18 51 12 0148 MANAGEMENT DEACTIVATION INDICATION RCV on 1 at 18 51 12 0148 PHYSICAL DEACTIVATION INDICATION RCV on 1 at 18 51 12 0171 PHYSICAL ACTIVATION INDICATION RCV on 1 at 18 51 12 0171 gt MANAGEMENT ACTIVATION INDICATION RCV on 1 at 18 51 12 0171 gt MANAGEMENT ERROR 2 INDICATION SND on 1 at 18 51 21 0222 gt UI TEI Mngt Identity Request RCV on 1 at 18 51 21 0239 gt UI c Sapi 63 Tei 127 p f 0 Ai 127 Ri 32495 c Sapi 63 Tei 127
40. verify that all the packages are installed 123 124 5 Set up your environment See Section Setting Up Your Environment on page 23 for details Configure the ISDN and PPP configuration files using the graphical user interface or a text editor See Chapter 4 Using the GUI to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 or Chapter 5 Using a Text Editor to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 for more information a To configure ISDN you will need the following information for your local system Network type your local phone company switch Your phone number also known as calling or local phone number If you have more than one phone number you must enter all of them Each line isdn 0 isdn 1 isdn n can accommodate two phone numbers Do not add area country city other additional codes dashes spaces parentheses or other punctuation Use default settings for all other fields b To configure PPP you will need the following information for the remote system Name any identifying name you will remember Interface point to point Source the host name or IP address of your machine Destination the host name or IP address of the machine you are calling Called Number the phone number you are calling The identifier name password combination you will need for both your local site and the remote site if either you or the remote site require PAD CHAP or PAP Token CHAP authentication Reboot your syste
41. 12 PPP IP Interface Parameters Window 4 10 15 16 18 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 vii viii Figure 4 13 PPP Connection Parameters Window Figure 4 14 PPP Security Configuration Window Figure 4 15 PPP Phone Configuration Window Figure 4 16 Advanced Options Configuration Window Figure 4 17 PPP Routing Configuration Window Figure 4 18 PPP Configuration Options Showing Connection Database Figure 5 1 SunISDN Point to Point Configuration Example SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 40 42 44 46 48 50 58 Tables Table 2 1 Table 2 2 Table 4 1 Table 5 1 Table 5 2 Table 5 3 Switch TYPO sede ra c eere verc erede Ee ehe Bandwidth Parameters 0 0 eee e eee eee Switch Types for isdntool sess ISDN Configuration Parameters 004 North American Switch Parameters Point to Point Protocol PPP Configuration Keywords 11 33 53 55 ix SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 Preface The SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide describes how to install the SunISDN 1 0 4 software on your SPARC based computer It provides procedures for configuring the PPP point to point networking protocol and ISDN integrated system digital network configuration files It is intended for system administrators who configure and maintain IP ISDN Internet Protocol Integrated Services D
42. 4 gt RR SND on 1 at 18 51 52 0304 RR RCV on 1 at 18 51 53 0088 INFO DISCONNECT Q931 IE 01 Cause SND on 1 at 18 51 53 0114 INFO DISCONNECT Q931 IE 01 Cause SND on 1 at 18 51 53 0118 gt RR RCV on 1 at 18 51 53 0128 RR RCV on 1 at 18 51 53 0324 INFO RELEASE Q931 SND on 1 at 18 51 53 0338 gt RR SND on 1 at 18 51 53 0344 INFO RELEASE COMPLETE Q931 r Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 1 c Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r Call reference 0 ORIG 21 01 01 81 0a 01 10 r Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 2 c Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 1 Call reference 2 DEST r Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 3 c Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 3 Call_reference 2 ORIG r Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 2 c Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 1 n r 2 r Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 1 n r 3 c Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 2 Call reference 2 DEST 80 90 c Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 3 Call_reference 2 ORIG 80 90 r Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 4 r Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 3 c Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 3 Call_reference 2 DEST r Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 5 c Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 5 Call reference 2 ORIG n s 1 n s 2 n s 1 n s 3 n s 2 n s 4 n s 3 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 O lll Layer 1 deactivated by disconnecting the ISDN line from the system RCV on 1 at 18 51 53 0358 gt RR r Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 4 RCV on 1 at 18 52 09 0880 gt MANAGEMENT DEACTIVATION INDICATION RCV on 1 at 18 52 09 0880 gt PHYSICAL DEACTIVATION INDICATION
43. Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause 83 84 85 86 88 91 95 96 A suspended call exists but this call identity does not The network received a call resume request The call resume request contained a Call Identity information element which indicates that it is in use for a suspended call Call identity in use The network received a call resume request The call resume request contained a Call Identity information element which indicates that it is in use for a suspended call No call suspended The network received a call resume request when there was not a suspended call pending This may be a transient error that will be resolved by successive retries Call having requested call identity has been cleared The network received a call resume request The call resume request contained a Call Identity information element which once indicated a suspended call however that suspended call was cleared either by timeout or by the remote user Incompatible destination An attempt was made to connect to non ISDN equipment such as an analog line Invalid transit network specified The ISDN exchange was asked to route the call through an intermediate network that is unrecognized Invalid message unspecified An invalid message was received and no standard cause applies D channel error If this error is returned systematically report the occurrence to your authorized service provider Manda
44. Configuration Keywords Continued PPP Configuration File Keyword Description callback timeout Indicates the amount of time the remote system waits before calling back the local system The default is 10 seconds reenable timeout During the reenable timeout period the local host will be prevented from placing any further calls waiting for the callback to complete reenable timeout should be large enough to allow enough time for the remote host to complete the callback Note that this time includes the callback timeout period The default is 30 seconds called number dir number described below grouping described below interface described below profile described below service described below Defines one or more called number lines for each path If several lines are defined the PPP manager can set up multiple links to the same destination see Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation on page 11 Separate all subfields by a space dir number The remote ISDN directory number When subaddress is required specify it in the format address subaddress grouping Always set to 1 interface If set to a valid name such as isdn_0 isdn 1 and so on the ISDN software places a call on this interface name Use any for automatic interface selection only if all interfaces are connected to a line profile Options are A B or any Multipoint switches DMS custom AT amp T custom multipoint NI 1 o
45. DN 1 0 4 Directories and Files SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 Installing SunISDN 1 0 4 This chapter describes how to install the SunISDN 1 0 4 software It also shows you how to verify that your Solaris software environment has the necessary software packages to run SunISDN 1 0 4 Identifying and Removing Old ISDN Software Your Solaris software environment must contain PPP and ISDN packages to run SunISDN 1 0 4 software To check for old versions of SunISDN software use the pkginfo command piped to the UNIX grep find command Type the following at your system prompt and press Return The isdn package and ppp package are then displayed system application application application application application SUNWipppk SUNWisdn SUNWisdnh SUNWisdni SUNWisdnm SUNWisdnu hostname pkginfo grep ISDN SunISDN SunlSDN SunlSDN SunlSDN SunlSDN SunlSDN PPP kernel Drivers and Modules User Programs and Switch Software Interface Developer Source Code IP PPP over ISDN Connection Manager Loadable Binary Interface Modules Utilities Graphical User Interface This is an example from a system using the SunISDN 1 0 3 software Results may differ depending on your version of the software 19 lll Qo Note If you find earlier versions of the software SunLink ISDN or SunISDN or packages SUNWisdna or SUNWisdnb they must be removed To remove packages become superus
46. FO Q931 IE 01 Codeset 6 IE 402 Sel call appear IE 403 Keypad control IE 404 Feature ind IE 05 Display cont SND on 1 RR c Sapi 63 Tei 127 p f 0 Ai 127 Ri 32495 c Sapi 63 Tei 127 p f 0 Ai 80 Ri 32495 c Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 1 r Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 1 Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 0 Call_reference 2 ORIG 88 90 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 cl 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 n s 0 r Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 1 Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 1 Call_reference 2 DEST 89 n s 0 r Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 1 Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 1 Call_reference 0 ORIG n s 1 01 01 81 0a 01 10 r Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 2 Example Trace 8 Lost Data Indication Suppressed The following example traces were taken on a system attached directly to the ISDN through an interface conforming to the AT amp T 5ESS 5e5 specification Errors were introduced into the system to illustrate how isdntrace indicates its inability to recover data from the D channel SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 6 The first trace includes indication of the lost data default and was generated using the following command line options 4 opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrac n 5ess 1 2 off RCV on 1 at 18 51 13 0033 5 SETUP Q931 Call reference 7f DEST IE 01 Bc 80 90 a2 IE 02 Channel id 88 IE 03 Codeset 6 IE 04 Des call appear 01 WARNING 51989 outgoing frames were lost WARNING 52012 incoming frames were lost
47. ND on 1 at 18 51 53 0344 gt INFO RELEASE COMPLETE Q931 RCV on 1 at 18 51 53 0358 RR r Sapi 0 c Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 2 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 1 Call reference 2 DEST r Sapi 0 c Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 3 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 3 Call_reference 2 ORIG r Sapi 0 c Sapi 0 r Sapi 0 c Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 2 Tei 80 p f 1 n r 2 Tei 80 p f 1 n r 3 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 2 Call reference 2 DEST 80 90 c Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 3 Call_reference 2 ORIG 80 90 r Sapi 0 r Sapi 0 c Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 4 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 3 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 3 Call_reference 2 DEST r Sapi 0 c Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 5 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 5 Call_reference 2 ORIG r Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 4 n s 2 n s 1 n s 3 n s 2 n s 4 n s 3 Example Trace 3 Layer 1 and Layer 2 Information Suppressed This example trace was taken on a system attached directly to the ISDN through an interface conforming to the AT amp T 5ESS 5e5 specification using the following command line options opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n 5ess 1 2 off Troubleshooting 85 Start of connection establishment procedure Local system generates SETUP message Called and calling addresses are decoded and displayed ISDN exchange acknowledges connection attempt and returns encoded Channel Id indicating channel B1 or B2 Management information returned by the ISDN exchange
48. SA dl tei time removal DL TEI TIME REMOVAL USA dl sapi 0 dl dlcep nb 3 Set to 3 for 2 phone numbers and 2 SPIDS Set to 2 for att ptp or 1 phone number 1 SPID Set to 2 for voice data line dl rc nb 1000 dl sapi 63 dl dlcep nb 3 Set to 3 for 2 phone numbers and 2 SPIDS Set to 2 for att ptp or 1 phone number 1 SPID Set to 2 for voice data line dl rc nb 1000 Using a Text Editor to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 55 5 PPP Configuration File Your PPP configuration file is preconfigured Since some parameters are unique to your environment you must edit this file Note When configuring your PPP configuration file see Table 5 3 for a description of each parameter v To Configure PPP Configuration File 1 As superuser use any text editor to open the PPP configuration file Enter the path to the isppp cf file and press Return vi etc opt SUNWisdn isppp cf The PPP configuration file is displayed similar to the one shown in Code Example A 2 on page 121 The isppp cf file that is displayed on your screen may not include all the explanatory notes shown in this example The pound character indicates lines that are not read during configuration execution These are comment lines 2 Enter the proper settings for your particular environment They may differ from the preconfigured default settings See Table 5 3 on page 59 for a description of each parameter Note Ad
49. Settings cat atm4 Low Water Threshold I0 File Heb E Max Links p JP interface Connection Security Phone Advanced Options Routing at Link Retry Count 5 Routing Commands Phone Parameters Route Command Number to Call Multilink Protocol RFC1717 Reset Defauts F Enable MP h E Physical Interface EMO 1800 I Service Link Control Protocol LCP Add Delete p A oe Restart Timer ms 1000 2i tmm MRU 1500 2i Special Parameters Use Caller ID W Reset Defaults Advanced Options 2 Route Command Enter Command Add Delete Change OK Routing Figure 4 3 The PPP Configuration File Windows Using the GUI to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 29 ISDN Configuration File SunISDN 1 0 4 creates ISDN configuration templates under etc opt SUNWisdn te for each ISDN board on your system etc opt SUNWisdn te 0 is the configuration file for the first ISDN interface etc opt SUNWisdn te 1 is the file for the second ISDN interface and so on Note You must have the information required from your local phone company described in Chapter 2 Before You Begin before proceeding with these procedures v T Configure the ISDN Configuration File Using isdntool xj isdntool 1 0 4 File Configure Troubleshooting Help T Stop Restart Exit Figure 4 4 The isdntool Main Window with ISDN Selected zl
50. SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide S amp Sun microsystems THE NETWORK IS THE COMPUTER Sun Microsystems Computer Company A Sun Microsystems Inc Business 2550 Garcia Avenue Mountain View CA 94043 USA 415 960 1300 fax 415 969 9131 Part No 802 6280 11 Revision A January 1997 Copyright 1997 Sun Microsystems Inc 2550 Garcia Avenue Mountain View California 94043 1100 U S A All rights reserved This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use copying distribution and decompilation No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors ifany Portions of this product may be derived from the UNIX system licensed from Novell Inc and from the Berkeley 4 3 BSD system licensed from the University of California UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and in other countries and is exclusively licensed by X Open Company Ltd Third party software including font technology in this product is protected by copyright and licensed from Sun s suppliers RESTRICTED RIGHTS Use duplication or disclosure by the U S Government is subject to restrictions of FAR 52 227 14 g 2 6 87 and FAR 52 227 19 6 87 or DFAR 252 227 7015 b 6 95 and DFAR 227 7202 3 a Sun Sun Microsystems the Sun logo and Solaris are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems Inc in the Unite
51. TAC Ascend The latter supports the Ascend proprietary implementation of the Compression Control Protocol ccp The STAC compression algorithm expects packets to be decompressed in the same order they were compressed You must use MP because only MP guarantees packet sequencing and reordering All security features described in this section except Calling Line Identifier CLI are set in the PPP configuration file Challenge Authentication Password CHAP and PPP Authentication Password PAP PPP makes provision for two different password exchange services based on the PPP password authentication protocol When PPP password authentication is enabled in SUNWisdn isppp cf the calling system identifies itself by presenting a PPP identifier either pap_id or chap_name and PPP password either pap_password or chap_secret to the called system as part of the PPP negotiation process The called system compares the PPP identifier it receives against the remote PPP identifier for each authorized path in its configuration file If no match is found the call is disconnected If the incoming PPP identifier matches an entry in the IP ISDN map the called system compares the PPP password it received against the remote PPP password expected for the path that provided the matching PPP identifier If these passwords do not match the call is disconnected if these passwords do match the two systems continue with the PPP negotiation process and eventually start
52. TT Compliant Networks 99 Configuration Example 14 2222 ay ym RR EERA E ERA R 105 SunISDN Configuration Example 00 000s 105 PPP Configuration File Example ccce rm 110 Quick SunISDN Installation and Confs rdliol s ias a Rupee ERE PR d eR ER Rese 123 V To Install and Configure SunISDN Quickly 123 GIDSSREY ie sd kid ba FUE Cee CERRADO SOR RO Geb CERES EN 125 ln rm 137 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 Figures Figure2 1 SunISDN Point to Point Configuration Figure 2 2 Password Authentication 6 66 c cece ee eee Figure 2 3 Call Acceptance Algorithm PPP Password Authentication Figure 2 4 SunISDN 1 0 4 Directories and Files Figure4 1 Theisdntool Main Window 0 000 ee ee Figure 4 2 The ISDN Configuration File Windows Figure 4 3 The PPP Configuration File Windows 4 Figure 4 4 Theisdntool Main Window with ISDN Selected Figure 4 5 ISDN Configuration Options Window Figure 4 6 Physical Interface Field 0 c cece ene Figure 4 7 Network Type Submenu 0006 c cece eee eee Figure 4 8 Configuration Options Profile A 006 Figure 4 9 Configuration Options Local Addresses Figure 4 10 Main Menu Showing PPP Configuration Selected Figure4 11 PPP Configuration Options Window Figure 4
53. The desired number of aggregated links hunt mode If on client will hunt through a list of ca11ed number numbers to reach the remote machine Default setting is off restart timer Used when sending an LCP request Change for tuning requests Default is 1 second between requests max restarts The number of LCP requests before terminating the attempt Using a Text Editor to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 65 66 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 Troubleshooting 6 This chapter provides troubleshooting information to help you detect and resolve problems with SunISDN network configurations Common Setup Problems Setup conflicts mismatches and assumptions are often a source of problems When checking configuration files be sure you configured the ISDN and PPP configuration files correctly and have included information for all the required fields Think about the assumptions that could lead to different configuration errors such as phone or SPID numbers or passwords Here are some common problem areas to check Determine the Domain Name Service DNS Name service can be a frequent problem This can require some assistance if you are not familiar with name service principles If you do not have a table in etc hosts or etc resolve conf that matches your host name to an IP map address which looks like 129 146 53 113 find out which DNS server you should connect to and add the name and a
54. additional links if necessary up to 640 Kbps or 10links max To avoid any call collisions only one of the systems should act as a bandwidth controller Internet Service providers do not support callback and in this case the client machine must be setup as a bandwidth controller Additional called_number entries must be added under the Dial up section in order to configure a system with multiple links or channel aggregration Note SunISDN 1 0 4 does not support BONDING It supports the the industry standard RFC1717 recommendation or PPP Multilink bandwidth_controller on hiwat 60 hicnt 2 lowat 20 locnt 4 clamp 2 clamped links will not get deleted bandwidth 1 4 desired nb of aggregated links 1link_retry_count 3 4 retry n times and backlist this link flink suspend timer 300 keep blacklisted for timer duration Configuration Example 119 M Client side software hunt is incompatible with callback bandwidth controller Client will sequentially call the list of remote numbers each called number entry until a connection is made or the list of numbers is exhausted hunt_mode onl loff mE a E P MORIR Misc restart_timer 3000 default RFC value is 3000ms max_restarts 20 default RFC value is 10 lcp_mru 512 default mru is 1500 60 3000 range a
55. anufacturer of the terminal adapter SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 reference point reference configuration RFC 1717 rlogin router S reference point segment SMTP SPID static connection static route subaddress Part of the ISDN reference configuration A conceptual protocol interface that exists between two types of ISDN device See also R S T U and V reference points See ISDN reference configuration PPP Multilink Protocol MP Internet standard for splitting recombining and sequencing datagrams across multiple logical data links A UNIX command that enables users of one machine to log into other UNIX systems for which they are authorized and interact as if their terminals were connected directly Similar to Telnet A machine that performs a relaying function between networks Also known as a gateway Part of the ISDN reference configuration A protocol reference point that exists between terminal equipment TE devices and network termination NT devices The protocols that define this transmission line are defined by the CCITT When the transport layer protocol TCP adds an information header to a packet of data for decoding by TCP on the remote machine the expanded packet is referred to as a segment It is then passed to the network layer that converts it to a datagram It then goes to the data link layer which converts it to a frame Simple Mail Transfer Protocol The Int
56. any gt set this to data56 or data64 lt 116 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 db db db db de db Hb db db od db de dE db db db dk Compression IP header compression fipcp compression off default is vj PPP header compression flcp compression off not supported in 1 0 4 Data compression fccp ccp or off compression stac_ascend or stac stac_check_mode off or lcb or cre or sequence3 Secure Access Secure access has been developed for Sun s worldwide ISDN telecommuting project SunISDN 1 0 4 fully interoperates with Ascend s secure server solution based on Enigma digital token DES Gold and RADIUS PAP authentication must be enabled when using this option refer to example here below security_card on default is off will_do_authentication pap or pap_token_chap in this context pap_token_chap means that the first link will use pap based enigma authentication subsequent link s will use chap based authentication pap means that pap based enigma authentication will be used and therefore the user will have to respond to a network challenge each time a new link is added to the multilink bundle require_authentication off negotiate_address on pap_id InitialsemployeeID fpap password SAFEWORD must be SAFEWORD fpap peer id InitialsemployeeID fpap peer password SAFEWORD configure only when pap token chap method is used dchap secret choose and set a secret fchap name l
57. arer capability not presently available The network is normally able to provide the requested bearer capability but not at the present time This may be a temporary network problem or a subscription problem Service or option not available unspecified The network or remote equipment was unable to provide the requested service This may be a subscription problem Bearer capability not implemented The network is not capable of providing the bearer capability requested by the user Channel type not implemented The network or the destination equipment does not support the requested channel type Requested facility not implemented The remote equipment does not support the requested supplementary service Only restricted digital information bearer is available The network is unable to provide unrestricted digital information bearer capability This bearer capability is essential to run SunISDN Service or option not implemented unspecified The network or remote equipment was unable to provide the requested service option for an unspecified reason This may be a subscription problem Invalid call reference value The remote equipment has received a call with a call reference that is not currently in use by the user network interface Identified channel does not exist The receiving equipment was requested to use a channel that is not activated on the interface for calls SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 N lll Cause
58. bridge broadcast call control cc calling number called number CCITT central office CO CCP CHAP circuit switched network CLI client server model configuration file cf 126 A device that connects two or more physical networks and forwards packets between them Bridges can usually be made to filter packets that is to forward only certain traffic A packet delivery system where a copy of a given packet is given to all hosts attached to the network Example Ethernet Equivalent to OSI Transport Layer The local phone number your number used in configuring connections The remote phone number destination number in configuring connections Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone A committee concerned with recommendations concerning public telegraph telephone and data networks Responsible for the definition of the ISDN protocols The switching office maintained by the local ISDN carrier that provides access to the ISDN and its associated services Compression Control Protocol Draft Internet standard for negotiating data compression over PPP link Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol A security tool offered in PPP based on encrypted password exchange A network that operates by establishing a dedicated connection between two systems for the duration of a call Examples the public telephone network ISDN Calling Line Identifier Calling number used by the switc
59. d Figure 4 17 Using the GUI to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 47 48 Figure 4 17 PPP Routing Configuration Window SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 Hx lll To Configure Routing 1 In the Enter Command field enter the route add command using the following format route add net destination gateway hop count where net is an optional parameter used only if the destination is a network destination is the remote host name or network gateway is the name of a system that will redirect traffic to the remote host or network typically the name of your local router hop count is the number of gateways or routers hops required to reach the final destination See man route 1M for more details Caution The parameters you set for this connection using the connection notebook are not saved to your isppp cf file until you click the OK button in the PPP Configuration Options window Figure 4 18 Using the GUI to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 49 50 Add Delete OK sj PPP Configuration Options File Help Connection Database Name Interface Source Destination isdn2 2 cat atm6 ifppp2 isdn2 2 isdn6 cat_atm17 ifppp1 isdn2 2 isdn5 cat_atm6_isdn3 ifpppO isdn2 2 isdn3 s Name s i t al Figure 4 18 PPP Configuration Options Showing Connection Database 2 When you have completed configuring the PPP file
60. d When this is the case you will first have to ping the remote host to setup the routing tables before trying to connect to other host or sites beyond that router Use of Dynamic Default Troubleshooting 97 lll O Route is not recommended If you want the ISDN PPP interface to be the default route most people do if connected to an ISP then use the static option in isdntool Problems with Asynchronous PPP If you experience problems with asynchronous PPP remove the asynchronous PPP packages and reinstall them 1 Become superuser and use pkgrm to remove the following packages SUNWapppr SUNWapppu SUNWpppk pkgrm package name Each package must be removed individually 2 Reinstall asynchronous PPP using its instructions 98 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 Status Messages This chapter lists error messages that may be displayed due to networking problems Standard Messages Returned by CCITT Compliant Networks Cause Cause Cause Cause The following messages come from CCITT the standards body that created the ISDN standard These messages are received from networks conforming to the ETSI ISDN2 and INS Net64 specifications and are returned in var opt SUNWisdn 1og Unassigned number Although the ISDN number was presented in a valid format it is not currently a valid number No route to specified transit network The ISDN exchange was asked to route the call through an
61. d States and in other countries All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International Inc in the United States and in other countries Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems Inc The OPEN LOOK and Sun Graphical User Interfaces were developed by Sun Microsystems Inc for its users and licensees Sun acknowledges the pioneering efforts of Xerox Corporation in researching and developing the concept of visual or graphical user interfaces for the computer industry Sun holds a nonexclusive license from Xerox to the Xerox Graphical User Interface which license also covers Sun s licensees who implement OPEN LOOK GUIs and otherwise comply with Sun s written license agreements THIS PUBLICATION IS PROVIDED AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON INFRINGEMENT Copyright 1997 Sun Microsystems Inc 2550 Garcia Avenue Mountain View Californie 94043 1100 U S A Tous droits r serv s Ce produit ou document est prot g par un copyright et distribu avec des licences qui en restreignent l utilisation la copie et la d compilation Aucune partie de ce produit ou de sa documentation associ e ne peut tre reproduite sous aucune forme par quelque moyen que ce soit sans l autorisation pr alable et c
62. d an ifconfig line for every remote machine you call Repeat the isdn path entry for each user to which you connect 3 Exit the PPP configuration file when done 4 Reboot your system 56 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 O1 lll v To Start ISDN and PPP Manually 5 After rebooting your system become superuser and start isdn and isppp cd opt SUNWisdn bin f isdn start isppp start The ifconfig Entry The ifconfig entry establishes a link between the local address machine and the remote address machine ifconfig ifppp0O plumb local address remote address netmask private Where ifppp is the interface for the ifconfig line 0 specifies the interface instance 0 local address is your machine name In Figure 5 1 if your machine is burke then this would be your 1ocal address The machine hare is the remote address For more information refer to the ifconfig man page You must be able to resolve names to IP addresses The name to address translation can be done using the etc hosts file or a network name service such as yp NIS DNS and so on Using a Text Editor to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 57 lll O1 LJ LJ LJ 58 If your system was set up by a system administrator then the name to address resolution method has probably been pre configured If you set up your own machine refer to the TCP IP Network Administration Guide and Name Services
63. ddress to your etc hosts file You must establish an IP connection to the server that will provide routing instructions to your computer when you try to connect to remote systems over the network for example when you use Mosaic For more information refer to the TCP IP Network Administration Guide and Name Services Administration Guide 67 Determine if you have an ISDN connection before going on to PPP Use trace in the isdntool to look for an RR receive ready message when you start isdntool Here is the pattern for a healthy ISDN connection You send You receive eg p setup progress indications connection confirmation p gt connection ack acknowledgment You receive eg You send Here is an example of actual traces calling and called systems SND on 0 at 16 55 40 0064 gt INFO c Sapi 0 Tei 72 p f 0 n r 5 n s 4 SETUP Q931 Call_reference 1 ORIG IE 01 Bc 88 90 IE 02 Keypad 31 34 31 35 38 31 32 39 39 39 39 IE 03 Calling nb cl 33 36 34 39 39 39 39 IE 04 sending complete RCV on 0 at 16 55 40 0076 gt RR r Sapi 0 Tei 72 p f 0 n r 5 RCV on 0 at 16 55 40 0206 gt INFO c Sapi 0 Tei 72 p f 0 n r 5 n s 5 CALL PROC Q931 Call reference 1 DEST IE 01 Channel id 89 SND on 0 at 16 55 40 0212 gt RR r Sapi 0 Tei 72 p f 0 n r 6 RCV on 0 at 16 55 41 0574 gt INFO c Sapi 0 Tei 72 p f 0 n r 5 n s 6 ALERT Q931 Call_reference 1 DEST IE 01 Signal 01 SND on 0 at 16 55 41 0580 gt RR r Sapi 0 Tei 72
64. des wideband channels at 384 Kbps 1536 Kbps or any multiple of 64 An analog call requires a number to identify a path through the maze of switches connecting the phone company s network s At the other end a person completes the connection or they do not With a digital call it s still necessary to have a specific number to thread the phone company maze but it is also necessary to negotiate with a computer system and its logical structure at the other end Note Substantial portions of this section were taken from A Catalog of National ISDN Solutions for Selected NIUF Applications 2nd Ed North America ISDN User s Forum SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 Before You Begin 2 This chapter describes the information and terms you need to know before you can install and configure the SunISDN 1 0 4 software Only after your system is correctly configured can you do operations like ping ftp and sending email across ISDN The operations of calling the right party and performing the necessary security handshakes are handled automatically in the background by the SunISDN software If your system does not have an ISDN board you must first install one See the SunISDN Hardware Installation Guide for details To verify that your system recognizes the ISDN hardware type the following command and press Return hostname ls dev isdn 0 This example shows that one ISDN device is installed 0 If two de
65. diagnostic field of this message Non selected user clearing The destination was capable of accepting the call was neither busy nor incompatible but rejected the call because it was not awarded to the user Destination out of order The destination could not be reached because the interface was not working correctly and a signaling message could not be delivered This may bea temporary fault that can last for a relatively long time For example equipment off line Invalid number format The connection could not be established because the destination address was presented in an unrecognized format or because the destination address was incomplete SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 N lll Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause 29 30 31 34 38 41 42 43 44 47 49 Facility rejected The facility requested by the user could not be provided by the network This could be a subscription problem Response to STATUS ENQUIRY The status message was generated in direct response to the prior receipt of a status enquiry message Normal unspecified The occurrence of a normal event is reported when no standard cause applies No action required No circuit channel available The connection could not be established because there was no appropriate channel available to handle the call Network out of order The destination could not b
66. digit directory number and TID is the transmission ID number For example if the dir number is 2223334 and the TID is 00 TID is typically 00 then the SPID number is 012223334000 For DMS100 custom or NI 1 NI 2 the SPID contains the area code and 7 digit directory number For example if your area code is 415 and the directory number is 2223334 the SPID is 4152223334 Obtain the switch profile number from your phone company Your phone company can tell you which baud rate their switches support A 64 Kbps baud rate is set by default You may change the baud rate to 56 Kbps If any part of the connection between the local and the remote site is 56 Kbps then the entire connection must run at 56 Kbps It is best to begin with 64 Kbps to see if it is possible to make a connection If part of the network will not support that speed then reset the speed in the isdntool It may be necessary to set Force56 for incoming calls if there is a problem receiving an ISDN connection If path stat opt SUNWisdn bin path stat the log or isdntrace show that a call is being connected and packets are being sent at both ends but neither side is receiving packets it may indicate that there is a mismatch between the baud rate expected and the baud rate delivered Note path stat is a very convenient tool for monitoring your connection status This may happen even if the PPP configurations are set correctly at both ends of the call In that case us
67. do Select A Network Sess Select Profile B i TSRISLRU snas INIT ce euet operen 5 isdn Jopi SLINMfisdnibinfsdntrace Iceviisdn tefotrace successtully opened ve r Profile A SND on 0a 16 08 42 0905 gt AR cSapi 0 Tei 104 pri t n 2 caning Number E0165 ET J D ACV on Oat 16 08 420916 gt RR r Sapi D Tei t04 p f l n ri 2 SPID 0178018340 SND on Qa 1509 52 0925 gt RR eSap O Tei 104 pt 1 n r 2 j gt Sapi 0 Tei 104 pit 1 niri Local 1 CLI at Force56 FICY on Oat 1609 520998 gt AA rSapi Tei 104 pif l niri r Profile B Dismiss Reset OK Figure 4 2 The ISDN Configuration File Windows SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 E The isdntool windows for configuring the PPP configuration file are shown below isdntool 1 0 4 4 File Configure Troubleshooting isdntool Main Menu Start Stop Restart Exit PPP Configuration Options eal PPP Configuration Options File Connection Database Name Destination cat atm14 icat atm6 Connection Settings cat atm14 cat atm17 File Help cat_atm6_isdn3 IP Interface Parameter JP interface Connection Security Phone Advanced Options Routing z Connection Settings cat atm14 F
68. e Force56 which forces the baud rate to 56 Kbps regardless of the configured values SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 No lll Point to Point ptp Interfaces PPP point to point ptp interfaces are named sequentially ifppp0 ifpppl ifppp2 and so on Note A single point to point interface cannot be used to create a direct connection between more than two systems Figure 2 1 shows a typical PPP point to point configuration that illustrates this principle in the following way Two systems are attached to separate local area networks Point to point IP dial up interfaces are used to create a direct connection between them across the ISDN Point to point IP dial up interfaces are defined by specifying a source address or point of attachment and a unique destination address for the direct connection There is only one possible destination to which IP datagrams can be directed after they are passed to a given point to point IP dial up interface As a result the same IP address can be used as the source address for multiple point to point interfaces It is possible as shown in Figure 2 1 to use the same address for example hare for both the IP PPP address and the IP ethernet address and thus reduce the number of IP addresses required Before You Begin 9 10 hare ifpppO IP ISDN burke 5
69. e eee SEM M NE Calling Line Identifier CLD 4 rr ret beer SunISDN 1 0 4 Directories and Files 04 3 Installing SunISDN L0 3 iu sek rx EROGO GRE E CR RS Identifying and Removing Old ISDN Software Ensuring SunISDN PPP and Asynchronous PPP Compatibility Installing SunlSDN 10 is cctv rb Rer FREE d Setting Up Your Environment eeorpdced de sds ee Rer ek 4 Using the GUI to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 Usine 3S DEO Lus a ee ie maotan eat GR RCRUM Da VW ToRunisdntool eeeee enne ISDN Configuration EIe acri ed ab REC e WV To Configure the ISDN Configuration File Dong 150060012552 ere REX PERO eR AE NS ii PPP C ntig ration BUE suco ue mi xa RC a eae rid V To Configure the PPP Configuration File Using 485006001 2icucrtiovieverei cee etude eds 5 Using a Text Editor to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 ISDN Configuration Pile oes cc otbeebCocD RE Rn es V To Configure the ISDN Configuration File ISDN Configuration File Keywords 00005 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 19 21 23 25 North American Switch Parameters 55 PPP Configuration File aoo ades spe oeste ee CR 56 V To Configure PPP Configuration File 56 The ifconfig ENNY l2 esse te Sato eee UR 57 PPP Configuration File Keywords sess 59 6 Troubleshooting 2222222224229 ka EA E CALI RR 67 Common S
70. e physical and electrical termination An alpha numeric character Open Systems Interconnection An international standard for interconnection based on a seven layer model ISN follows the OSI standard Layers 1 to 3 are referred to in ISDN as bearer service and the upper four layers are teleservices The seven levels of interconnection are Layer 1 Physical Layer For example the SunISDN SBus board and ISDN driver SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 packet PAP PAP Token CHAP PPP PPP authentication ping Layer 2 Data Link Layer Concerned with the synchronization of data flow control and detection of transmission errors PPP is a data link protocol Layer 3 Network Layer Concerned with routing and network connections IP is the network layer protocol Layer 4 Transport Layer Provides an interface between the upper teleservices layers and the bearer layers Designed to give the user certain network options but generally separate them from the lower level functional aspects TCP and UTP are transport layer technologies Layer 5 Session Layer User interface into the transport layer Not part of typical ISDN implementations Layer 6 Presentation Layer Provides syntax for the representation of data Not part of typical ISDN implementations Layer 7 Application Layer End user applications A transmission unit that consists of a protocol header plus data Password Authentica
71. e reached because the network was not working correctly and the condition is expected to last for a relatively long time An immediate re connect attempt is likely to be unsuccessful Temporary failure An error occurred because the network is not functioning correctly but this problem is likely to be resolved shortly Switching equipment congestion The destination could not be reached because the network switching equipment was temporarily overloaded Access information discarded The network could not provide the requested access information Requested circuit channel not available The remote equipment could not provide the requested channel Resource unavailable unspecified The requested channel or service was unavailable Quality of service unavailable The requested quality of service as defined by CCITT recommendation X 213 could not be provided by the network This may be a subscription problem Status Messages 101 lll N Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause 102 50 57 58 63 65 66 69 70 79 81 82 Requested facility not subscribed The remote equipment supports the requested supplementary service but the service is only available by subscription Bearer capability not authorized The user requested a bearer capability that the network provides but the user is not authorized to use This may be a subscription fault Be
72. ekom only Used to differentiate between devices with the same ISDN number 1 9 0 indicates voice broadcast EAZ is specified in the cc 1ocal nb field The technique used by layered protocols in which a layer adds header information to the protocol data unit PDU from the layer above As an example in Internet terminology a packet contains a header from the physical layer followed by a header from the network layer IP followed by a header from the transport layer TCP followed by the application protocol data The process in which an IP datagram is broken into smaller pieces to fit the requirements of a given physical network The reverse process is called reassembly A unit of transmission that is a transmitted data packet When the IP passes the Data Link layer a datagram and the Data Link layer adds a header and trailer to the data package The whole package is referred to as a frame The original Internet term for what is now called router or more precisely IP router In modern usage the terms gateway and application gateway refer to systems which do translation from some native format to another The SunISDN software subsystem can be used to turn a system into a gateway between the ISDN and an IP subnetwork See Q 921 See Q 931 The fundamental unit of information passed across the Internet Contains source and destination addresses along with data and a number of fields which define such things as the len
73. en CHAP for authentication You need the following to run SunISDN 1 0 4 10 MBytes of disk space is required to install SunISDN 1 0 4 Solaris 2 3 or later Note Solaris 2 3 users must install Solaris patch 101242 10 SunISDN 1 0 4 software requires the following hardware support SBus systems such as Voyager SPARCstation 10 systems and LX platforms If your system does not have ISDN you must add an ISDN SBus board NT 1 required for North America can be purchased via SunExpress SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 lil What is ISDN ISDN will do everything a modem does for connecting separate sites in addition to few other things It connects your computer to a remote network However instead of speeds of 2400 9600 bps or 14 4 Kbps typical with a modem ISDN has a basic rate of 64 Kbps over one B channel By using Basic Rate ISDN BRI at each desktop connected to your internal telephone switch or Private Branch Exchange PBX you can create an all digital network using telephone wires ISDN can use existing phone lines from your local telephone company to link to the network The service provided by your telephone company is known as a Basic Rate Interface or BRI It runs from your location to the telephone company s central office switch If the person you are calling also has ISDN capability you can take advantage of ISDN s higher data communications performance and features If not y
74. en SWD ETSI swd etsi United Kingdom BT ISDN 2 bt2 2 Use Table 6 1 to determine the type of network 3 You can only run one instance of isdntrace ata time To run isdntrace enter the following and press Return opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n network type Specifying the Input Device Running isdntrace with the a option enables you to specify one or more SunISDN devices physical interfaces as the source of the binary information By default isdntrace probes the system and attempts to recover information from all the SunISDN devices that it locates Troubleshooting 75 76 To specify the input device use the index number of its SunOS device name For example the first SunISDN physical interface installed in a system is assigned the device name of dev isdn 0 This device is specified by its 0 index To specify a single input device enter the following and press Return opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n number To specify multiple input devices enter the following and press Return opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n network type d num1 d num2 Recovering the Input from File Run isdntrace with the i option to specify a file that contains binary information as the input device in place of a SunISDN physical interface You must create this file before you run isdntrace with the i option by running isdntrace with the b option This enables you to write
75. er and type pkgrm package name The following screen shows a sample response from pkgrm pkgrm SUNWisdnu The following package is currently installed SUNWisdnu SunISDN 1 0 2 Tools Do you want to remove this package Ensuring SunISDN PPP and Asynchronous PPP Compatibility If you have both asynchronous PPP and SunISDN 1 0 3 loaded on your machine you must also remove the following asynchronous PPP packages SUNWapppr SUNWapppu and SUNWpppk Note If you have installed the patch for SunISDN 1 0 3 removing the asynchronous PPP packages is not necessary Become superuser and remove each of the asynchronous PPP packages SUNWapppr SUNWapppu and SUNWpppk pkgrm package name Re install asynchronous PPP according to its documentation 20 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 Qo lll Installing SunISDN 1 0 4 Follow these procedures to install SunISDN 1 Become superuser 2 Follow the instructions that came with the CD to install the packages The following menu is displayed listing the available packages on the CD default The following packages are available 1 SUNWcpppk Common PPP Kernel Device Drivers sparc 1 0 0 2 SUNWisdn SunISDN 1 0 4 User Programs and Switch Software sparc 1 0 4 3 SUNWisdnh SunISDN 1 0 4 Interface Developer Source Code sparc 1 0 4 4 SUNWisdni SunISDN 1 0 4 IP PPP over ISDN Connection Manager sparc 1
76. ernet electronic mail protocol Defined in RFC 821 with associated message format descriptions in RFC 822 Service Profile IDentifier Used in North America as an additional identifier in conjunction with the calling number cc calling nb to identify the local number to the local switch A connection that is opened once and remains open Equivalent to a leased line arrangement A fixed address to a remote router that does not disappear when the link is torn down Additional address that is used to identify a specific device at a specific ISDN interface for example in an ISDN multipoint configuration Subaddresses identify the device only and do not identify the ISDN interface They are not used for routing across the network Glossary 133 subnet mask subnetwork synchronous supplementary services switching T reference point TCP IP telecommunication teleservices Telnet terminal adapter TA terminal equipment TE TE1 TE2 134 See address mask A collection of network end systems and intermediate systems under the control of a single administrative domain and utilizing a single network access protocol Examples private X 25 networks collection of bridged LANs Timed operation that is usually controlled through a synchronizing clock Often used to refer to any time sensitive application Value added services offered by the ISDN or another ISDN subscriber that provide facilities in add
77. etup Problems correre e22cter ER Ra RAM ERES 67 Getting Helpi i oosaaai to VR EREPRRENR cece rere Ee ee ENS EV 73 vV To Copy TRACE of LOG Pes ck e npn nte 73 Using dus ER E ead aa ope RR a dankbar I oU aur a lt ee 74 Specifying the Input Device is ss e e ee eases pews 75 Recovering the Input from File 02 24 cece creer ees 76 Writing the Output to File amp 222 29 v EE EDEN Eb e 77 Modifying the Default Output Format 77 V To Modify the Default Output Format 78 Suppressing Time Stamping cedo per e RE ERR EFE 79 Suppressing the Lost Data Indication 80 Using Multiple Command Line Options 80 Interpreting the Output from isdntrace 80 Using ppptrace elsi e bPaqaqEx a Coisas Celie E rad 92 V JohRunppptraCescs ak er eee See eese 93 Problems Calling a Remote System 0000005 94 No Dialing Status Message eekussece rr Ey ews 94 Connection Failure ovre REREDOO OO IRR oH red 95 Contents v vi Problems Communicating with a Remote System 95 icmp echo request Packets Do Not Arrive At the Remote End 12512239 y nn Seed 95 icmp echo response Packets Are Not Returned 96 IP Routing Problems 4 365 Vr ERE EFE eee aR ESETERE 97 IP Routing Addressing Problems 0050005 97 Problems with Asynchronous PPP eom 98 Status Messages uade eR Ee aas E RC Ra ee RR ege 99 Standard Messages Returned by CCI
78. figuration elements The protocol layer responsible for the physical and electrical transmission of information between directly connected systems Normally used to describe Layer 1 of the OSI reference model Solaris provides a utility to install groups of related files These commands are used to load add remove rm and get information info about packages that are installed on your system A typical package for Sun would have the prefix SUNW Plain Old Telephone Service analog Primary Rate Interface A standard similar to BRI Basic Rate Interface defined by the CCITT protocol but provides multiple B channels 23 or 30 that are supported by a single D channel A formal description of messages to be exchanged and rules to be followed for two or more systems to exchange information See reference point Point to Point Protocol A connection between only two systems CCITT recommendation that describes the Link Access Procedure D channel LAP D used to transfer network layer messages across the D channel It defines layer 2 of the D channel protocol CCITT recommendation describing the procedures for establishing maintaining and closing connections across the ISDN It defines layer 3 of the D channel protocol Part of the ISDN reference configuration A protocol reference point that exists between a non ISDN device TE2 and a terminal adapter TA The protocols that define this transmission line are defined by the m
79. follows Light gray indicates a read only field Green indicates the default values Light yellow indicates a field that may need to be set in some instances Bright yellow indicates a required field The default configuration for the Sun three button mouse designates the buttons as SELECT left ADJUST middle and MENU right Use SELECT both to display menus and to select menu items in isdntool Use MENU to access on line help Help is available for all fields and action buttons in the isdntool windows To access on line help double click MENU on the field or action button where you want help The action buttons include the following Add Click after typing in new information to add it to the file Defaults Click to restore default values to the window Reset Click to revert to the most recently saved values OK Click to apply changes to all configuration files and close the window SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 Hx lll w T Run isdntool 1 Type the following command in a shell window hostname xhost 2 Become superuser 3 Go to your ISDN tools directory cd opt SUNWisdn tools 4 To start isdntool type the following and press Return isdntool amp The isdntool main window is displayed Figure 4 1 isdntool 1 0 4 File Configure Troubleshooting Help inj Start Stop Restart Exit zi Figure 4 1 The
80. g U reference point UDP UUCP VJ V reference point WAN A multiplexing scheme whereby several users are assigned specific portions of the bandwidth of a transmission medium by time Part of the ISDN reference configuration A protocol reference point that exists between NT1 devices and the ISDN exchange The protocols that define this transmission line are not defined by the CCITT User Datagram Protocol A transport protocol in the Internet suite of protocols UDP like TCP uses IP for delivery however unlike TCP UDP provides for exchange of datagrams without acknowledgments or guaranteed delivery UNIX to UNIX Copy Program A protocol used for communication between consenting UNIX systems Van Jacobson algorithm for IP header compression Compresses the IP header to three bytes Part of the ISDN reference configuration A protocol reference point that exists between the ISDN exchange and the rest of the network The protocols that define this transmission line are not defined by the CCITT wide area network A network interconnecting devices over a large geographical area typically greater than 10 km ISDN is WAN technology Glossary 135 136 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 Index A asynchronous PPP 20 98 AT amp T 5ESS 5e5 80 B Bandwidth Controller 46 bandwidth controller 11 B channel baud rate 95 binary data 74 77 C call acceptance policy 13 CCIIT compliant
81. g numbers switch type service profile ID SPID and local and remote IP addresses are provided by your phone company ISDN Configuration File SunISDN 1 0 4 automatically creates ISDN configuration templates under etc opt SUNWisdn te for each ISDN board installed in your system etc opt SUNWisdn te 0 is the configuration file for the first ISDN board etc opt SUNWisdn te 1 is the file for the second ISDN board and so on Note You must have the information required before proceeding from your phone company as described in Chapter 2 Before You Begin 51 52 v To Configure the ISDN Configuration File 1 Become superuser 2 Open the ISDN configuration file using any text editor and press Return Be sure to indicate the number of the ISDN device The following example using vi shows the path vi etc opt SUNWisdn te 0 The ISDN configuration file is displayed similar to the one shown in Code Example A 1 on page 109 The pound character indicates lines that are not read during configuration execution 3 Fill in the keyword values Each keyword value is shown in angle brackets See Table 5 1 on page 53 for an explanation of the keywords For example replace gt local_nb lt with a local number a Enter the local calling number supplied by your local phone or ISDN provider in the Call Control parameters section Replace calling number with the phone number b In North America e
82. gth of the datagram the header checksum and flags to say whether the datagram can be or has been fragmented Internet Protocol The network layer protocol for the Internet protocol suite A logical interface used to attach the IP network layer to a physical interface on demand that is when it is dialed up May be point to point i fppp lt num gt An IP configuration whereby exactly two systems are connected across a network SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 ISDN ISDN number ISDN point to multipoint ISDN point to point ISDN reference configuration ISO Internet Internet address ifconfig internet LAN Integrated Services Digital Network A collection of digital telephone and circuit switched networks interconnected by exchange systems and accessed through well defined network interfaces that provide integrated access to the network Having evolved directly from the public telephone systems ISDN is closely associated with telephone technology The address assigned to an ISDN line It is the equivalent of a standard telephone number and normally adheres to the local telephone numbering scheme ISDN configuration whereby multiple ISDN compatible devices are attached to a single ISDN line Up to eight devices can be attached in an ISDN point to multipoint configuration Also called ISDN multipoint configuration ISDN configuration whereby exactly one ISDN compatible device is attached to a si
83. h to ensure the integrity of the call and restrict access based upon the identifier CLI is not supported by all ISDN carriers A common way to describe network services and the model user processes programs of those services Examples include the name server name resolver paradigm of the DNS and file server file client relationships such as NFS and diskless hosts The file that ISDN looks at when setting up a call to determine which parameters are set for the originating terminal equipment SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 connectionless connection oriented connection manager custom D channel data link layer dl digital domain DN dot notation dynamic connection dynamic route The model of interconnection in which communication takes place without first establishing a connection Sometimes imprecisely called datagram Examples LANs Internet IP and OSI CLNP UDP ordinary postcards The model of interconnection in which communication proceeds through three well defined phases connection establishment data transfer connection release Examples ISDN X 25 Internet TCP and OSI TP4 ordinary telephone calls The component of the SunISDN software that controls and manages all incoming and outgoing calls The connection manager is also responsible for enforcing the call acceptance policy used to protect the network from unauthorized access In North America AT amp T and Northern Telecom s
84. igital Network networks It assumes that you are familiar with the concept of ISDN and that you are familiar with the Solaris environment For information on SunISDN hardware installation refer to the SunISDN Hardware Installation Guide How this Book is Organized This manual is organized as follows Chapter 1 SunISDN 1 0 4 provides a brief overview of SunISDN 1 0 4 including a list of new features and software and hardware required for installing this product Chapter 2 Before You Begin describes the information you need to have and defines terms you need to know before you can install and configure the SunISDN 1 0 4 software Chapter 3 Installing SunISDN 1 0 4 describes how to install the SunISDN 1 0 4 software and verify your installation xi UNIX Commands xii Chapter 4 Using the GUI to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 shows how to use isdntool to configure both the ISDN and the PPP configuration files Chapter 5 Using a Text Editor to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 shows how to configure the ISDN configuration files and the PPP configuration files using a text editor Chapter 6 Troubleshooting provides troubleshooting information to help you detect and resolve problems with ISDN network configurations Chapter 7 Status Messages lists problems that can occur if your ISDN and PPP configuration files are not set up properly It also lists error messages that may display due to networking problems
85. ile Help Source Name Destination Name Connection IP Netmask Encap Private Header Com Default Route Data Comp Call Filter T Sa Inactivity je 5 IP Interface E Reenable Bandwidth Q Dynamic IP Reset d Connection Security Advanced Options Routing IP interface Connection Security Phone zj Connection Settings cat atm14 File Heip JP interface Connection Security Phone Advanced Options Routing p Security Parameters Ez File Connection Settings cat atmT4 Security Car They Authenticate Us Witi We Authenticate Them Wit Help JP interface Connection Security Phone Advanced Options Routing Phone Number Number to Call IP Interface through Phone must be filled in sequentially Advanced Options and Routing are optional if Connection Settings cat atm4 Bandwidth Controller Papii 14157801836 914157001836 Fite Help JP Interface Connection Security Phone Advanced Options Routing Chap Sec Chap Nar r Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation These 6 windows or folders form the a Connection Settings Notebook High Water Threshold 0 24 High Water Samples 2 E y vj Connection
86. is consistently below the 1owat for locnt sampling periods Thus hicnt and locnt can be used to avoid hysteresis The keyword clamp specifies the number of channels that will stay permanently connected once they have been added by the bandwidth controller unless the connection is cleared by an external event Further all links including clamped links will be brought down when the inactivity timer expires There are two additional keywords that relate to bandwidth on demand on a machine with bandwidth controller set to on These keywords deal with temporarily disabling suspending and re enabling resuming links on a path The keyword link retry count gives the number of repeated connection attempts to be made on a link that is failing to complete the connection The default value for this keyword is 3 so that 3 attempts are made before the link is temporarily suspended The keyword link suspend timer gives the amount of time in seconds that the link will be suspended before it is added back to the set of links that will be used for bandwidth on demand resumed The default value for this keyword is 300 seconds 5 minutes The first or only link on a path is unaffected by these keywords Connection attempts on that link are retried indefinitely and the link is never suspended SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 No lll Data Compression Security Two compression types are offered with SunISDN STAC and S
87. isdntool Main Window From the isdntool main window you can access the windows to configure the isdn and ppp configuration files You can also access the troubleshooting tools isdntrace and path stat When you configure both the isdn and ppp configuration files use the isdntool Main window to Start Stop or Restart isdn Using the GUI to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 27 lll HS 28 The isdntool windows used for configuring and troubleshooting the ISDN configuration file are shown below isdntool Main Menu isdntool 1 0 4 z File Configure Troubleshooting Heip isdnlog Tsdulog 1808555 isch parse config fle stop SUNWisdn te 0 SUCCESSFUL configuration n 18 05 55 son parse config fie etoropuSUNWidn te done 1808555 isch parsing config file etc opV SUNV fisdr te T 1505555 isan parse_contig_tle lelcion SUNWIsdr te 1 SUCCESSFUL ecntiguration 18 08 55 isch parse config fie etc cp SUNWisdn te 1 done 1808555 isch creata fo Amp rni fito 180702 popd parse ppp coniig file SUCCESSFUL configuration 180702 popd PPP connection manager 8625 started 12 10 06 1807 02 fisan M in sending M fac co d 7 cause 0 code 200 18207 02 isch send M fae co putmsg on pipe fd7 ret 0 ISDN Configuration Options ISDN Configuration Options File Help isdntrace r Physical Interfaces Network Type for isdnO 5 Tsantrace 4 e
88. ition to communication between end users Examples conference call facility call transfer call hold The procedure used to connect two devices in a network Part of the ISDN reference configuration A protocol reference point that exists between NT1 and NT2 devices The protocols that define this transmission line are defined by the CCITT Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol The major transport protocol in the Internet suite of protocols providing reliable connection oriented full duplex streams Uses IP for delivery TCP IP is the standard protocol for the internet The transmission of signals representing voice video or data Value added services offered by the ISDN or another ISDN subscriber that provide communication between end users The virtual terminal protocol in the Internet suite of protocols Allows users of one host to log into a remote host and interact as normal terminal users of that host ISDN compatible device that converts non ISDN transmission to ISDN transmission ISDN compatible terminal device that is attached to the ISDN at the user interface Example ISDN compatible telephone system running SunISDN ISDN compatible terminal equipment Can be connected directly to a network termination NT device Non ISDN terminal equipment Can be connected to a network termination NT device through a terminal adapter TA SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 time division multiplexin
89. lt remote hostname netmask up private PLEASE remove the following line fconfig echo ISPPP configuration error Please edit etc opt SUNWisdn isppp cf Use ifconfig a and or netstat i to check the created interfaces after start up Routing You can set up static routes to various remote systems using the generic route command directly in isppp cf This command will get executed each time the isppp start up script is invoked refer to route 1M man pages for more details If you need to set up a default route pointing to a default router typically the case when connection to an Internet provider it is preferable to edit etc defaultrouter route add hostname gateway 1 114 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 Using static routes is the most cost effective solution and best for telecommuting application If you choose to use Dynamic Routing Protocols such as RIP or Router Discovery you can force your system to become a router by doing a touch etc gateways do not set up etc defaultrouter in this case We recommend reading the in rdisc 1M and in routed 1M man pages In routed will typically send routing updates every 30s and in rdisc will Note RIP can be blocked by inserted the following line in etc gateways i e norip ifpppO i e noripin ifpppO i e noripout ifpppO Router Discovery transmit intervals can be tuned using the T option i e usr sbin in rdisc r T time interval
90. ly on PAP or CHAP to find a path PAP and CHAP parameters must be unique for each path The default setting is on isdn path Indicates the start of a path definition section All parameters following this keyword are associated with this path until the next occurrence of the isdn path keyword No modifier is required but this must appear as the first line of each new path Each path entry consists of the information required to identify the destination machine and action response of the connection This information is used by the connection manager to modify the IP routing tables and check the identity of the caller See man ifconfig for more details Using a Text Editor to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 59 60 Table 5 3 Point to Point Protocol PPP Configuration Keywords Continued PPP Configuration File Keyword Description name This arbitrary name is usually the host name of the remote machine but can also be its IP address or any other identifying name network In Japan only set to ntt The default is nil default route Point to point only for the duration of the connection makes the route defined by this interface the default route Refer to man route 1M for more information interface Must match the second word in the ifconfig command line for point to point inactivity timeout Determines how long in seconds that the line can remain inactive before the connection is disc
91. m ping the remote machine If the response says the machine is alive your connection succeeded SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 address mask analog asynchronous baud BRI B channel bandwidth bearer service Glossary A bit mask used to select bits from an Internet address for subnet addressing The mask is 32 bits long and selects the network portion of the Internet address and one or more bits of the local portion Sometimes called subnet mask Continuous signals or data that can have any value within a predefined range Operation that caters for variable timing between information segments usually using controls bits embedded within the information itself Often used to refer to any time insensitive application Bits At Unit Density Measurement rate for transfer of data over a network in bits per second The basic ISDN baud rate is 64 kbps thousand bits per second Basic Rate Interface 2B D One of the standard ISDN interfaces defined by the CCITT protocols Consists of two B channels 64 kbps and one D channel 16 kbps ISDN bearer service channel Carries digital voice and or data transmission at a rate of 64 kbps Primarily used for data as opposed to signaling transmissions Width of the range of frequencies supported by a given channel Set of services offered over the B channel bearer channel that enables the exchange of signals between two user network interfaces 125
92. mation From the Profile menu select the profile you want to use The options are A B or any Choose data64 preferred or data56 from the Service menu Click OK to save these parameters to a temporary file Select Advanced Options only under the following conditions f you are in Japan you must change Custom Network to ntt If you are using MP set Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation parameters f you are an expert ISDN user set parameters as you want Note If Bandwidth Allocation is enabled on either the local or remote host you must configure more than one phone number in the phone folder The Advanced Options window is displayed Figure 4 16 Using the GUI to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 45 lll HS rf Connection Settings cat atmi4 File Help IP Interface Connection Security Phone Advanced Options Routing r Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Bandwidth Controller High Water Threshold 96 Bo al High Water Samples b 4 Low Water Threshold 96 10 a Low Water Samples 10 Max Links 2 E Clamp Links At 1 a Link Retry Count 3 Link Suspend Timer 300 a m Multilink Protocol RFC1717 Enable W MP Encapsulate CP M LCP MRRU 1600 al LCP End Point mac x vae SS m Link Control Protocol LCP Restart Timer ms 1000 a Max Restarts 10 M 5 al MRU 1500 z m Special Parameters Use Caller ID I Custom Network nil x
93. mes match correctly in both your file and the remote file with which you want to connect This must be a mirror image at the two sites That is your chap secret is the chap peer secret at the remote site Their password is the chap peer secret in your isppp cf file This example uses CHAP authentication but PAP authentication must also be mirrored Make sure the will doand require authentication are set properly at both sites Make sure callback is not set to on at both the local and remote sites n is set to on but it is not supported between your site and the remote site For example it is not supported across most network boundaries such as between an ETSI site and an NI 1 site You are trying to run at 64 Kbps but somewhere in the connection that speed is not supported If you are connected to a 64Kbs service it is possible to receive calls from a remote system connected to a 56Kbs service However in this case it may be necessary to enable the orce56 feature Either isdn was not started in isdntool orisppp has not been started Ask the phone company how you are configured for their switch You might be data data voice voice or voice data If you are configured for voice data make sure the phone number for data is entered in Profile A Check the active process for ISDN and for PPP A working configuration has both ISDN xnet and PPP ispppd running Enter the following and press Return after each entry ho
94. n the two machines The called number may or may not include country or area code This is determined in the same way you make a phone call In the United States for example if your area code is 415 and you are calling a number in the 213 area you must dial 1 plus the 213 area code to complete the phone call You must do the same to complete an ISDN connection so you would include 1 and 213 as part of the called number in the isppp cf file SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 A Keep in mind that while the chap secret password is sent encrypted anyone reading the isppp cf file can read and use your password Using CLI or Callback with PAP or CHAP makes it much more difficult for someone else to emulate your system The Code Example A 2 shows the sample isppp cf file as it would be disiplayed on your screen Configuration Example 113 lll V db db db db db db od i se de db db db FE db db dk pragma ident isppp cf1 31 96 02 13 SMI SunISDN 1 0 4 ispppd configuration file ersion 1 IP PPP Interface Plumbing IP supports point to point interfaces Please select an interface type and edit the ifconfig command accordingly This line will get executed each type the isppp start up script is invoked i e at boot time Refer to ifconfig 1M man pages for more details We recommend using point to point interfaces as a general rule ifconfig ifppp0 plumb gt local hostname
95. n6 FT VN3 vn3 DBT 1TR6 1tr6 HKT hkt NTT INS64 ntt NTT DSM100 dms AT amp T 5ESS PTP MTP 5ess National ISDN 1 and ISDN 2 ni2 SWD ETSI swd etsi BT ISDN2 bt2 Country Australia Europe France France Germany Hong Kong Japan North America North America North America Sweden United Kingdom Directory Numbers You have only one phone number if you have a Point to Point PTP switch type You may have one or two phone numbers assigned to the ISDN line if you have any other switch type Obtain these numbers from your local phone company Service Profile IDentifier SPID Service Profile IDentifier SPID is used in North America to identify different combinations of subscriber equipment If you are connected to an AT amp T PTP switch you may not need an SPID If you are connected to a DMS AT amp T MTP multipoint or NI 1 or NI 2 switch you may have one or two SPIDs assigned to each ISDN line by the phone company Before You Begin 7 Baud Rate Note Confirm the SPID format with your ISDN provider For example Pacific Bell uses the following SPID formats For AT amp T 5ESS custom multipoint the SPID is 01dir number0 where dir number is the 7 digit directory number For example if the dir number is 2223334 then the SPID is 0122233340 for the first line and 1122233340 for the second For ATT 5ESS NI 1 or NI 2 the SPID is O1dir numberOTID where dir number is the 7
96. nd welcome your comments and suggestions If a card is not available you can email or fax your comments to us Please include the part number of your document in the subject line of your email or fax message Email smcc docs sun com Fax SMCC Document Feedback 1 415 786 6443 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 SunISDN Website SunISDN 1 0 4 1 This chapter provides a list of SunISDN 1 0 4 features along with the software and hardware requirements for installing it A brief overview of ISDN is also given The SunISDN 1 0 4 software provides transparent Internet Protocol IP connectivity for SPARC based computer SBus systems across an ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network The information in this document is the most up to date as of its printing See the SunISDN Website at http www sun com ISDN for additional information lll SunISDN 1 0 4 Features Following is a list of the major features of this release Requirements Call Filter 4p spoofing configuration feature replaces point to multipoint configuration Coexistence of SunISDN PPP and SunSoft asynchronous PPP Improved kernel architecture for a more flexible PPP Multilink MP framework Improved handling of default route and dynamic IP address Additional troubleshooting capabilities from isdntool Client side support for Security Dynamics SecurID compatible with an access control encryption ACE security server using PAP Tok
97. networks 99 D data link layer 74 D channel isdntrace 74 isdntrace example 80 decoded data 74 default route 97 E Enigma DES Gold Card 14 ETSI 99 example traces 81 I icmp echo request 95 response 95 information element IE 79 input device 75 IP routing 94 97 IP dialup point to point 9 10 ISDN2 99 isdnmgr log 94 isdntrace 74 75 example 80 ISN Net64 99 J journal file 94 137 138 L lost data indication 80 90 M multipoint IP dialup configuration 10 N negotiate address 97 negotiation process 13 netstat 1M 94 network layer 74 O output from isdntrace 80 P PAP Token CHAP 14 physical interface 75 layer 74 ping 1M 94 point to multipoint IP dialup configuration 10 point to point IP dialup configuration 9 PPP password authentication PPP identifier 13 PPP password 13 protocol 13 ppptrace 93 problems calling a remote system 94 communicating with a remote system 95 R remote system 94 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 route 1M 94 routing 94 97 S security card 14 snoop 1M 95 solving problems calling a remote system 94 communicating with a remote system 95 T TCP IP 13 97 time stamping 79 89 Reader Comment Card Your comments and suggestions are important to us Please let us know what you think about the SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide part number 802 6280 11 Were the procedures well d
98. ngle ISDN line A configuration model that describes the user network interface in terms of predefined functional devices and references points International Organization for Standardization An international organization concerned with the definition of a wide range of standards including HDLC and the OSI protocols note the capital I The largest internet in the world consisting of large national backbone nets such as MILNET NSFNET and CREN and a myriad of regional and local campus networks all over the world The Internet uses the Internet protocol suite To be on the Internet you must have IP connectivity i e be able to Telnet to or ping other systems Networks with only e mail connectivity are not actually classified as being on the Internet A 32 bit address assigned to hosts using TCP IP See dotted decimal notation The interface configuration command used to assign an address to a network interface or to define network interface parameters Used within the context of SunISDN to control the IP dialup interfaces used to attach the IP network layer to the physical interface for the duration of a call A collection of networks interconnected by a set of routers that enable them to function as a single large virtual network local area network A network interconnecting devices over a limited geographical area typically less than 10 km Ethernet is LAN technology Glossary 129 LCP local numbers local system
99. nter the SPID number if supplied by your local phone company Replace spid 0 with the SPID number 4 Repeat the configuration for additional ISDN configuration files te 1 te 2 and so on if more than one physical device is installed 5 Save and exit the ISDN configuration file SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 O1 lll ISDN Configuration File Keywords Many options have been set during pkgadd Since some parameters are unique to your machine you must edit this file All parameters in this configuration file refer only to the local system your machine Table 5 1 lists the ISDN parameters you must edit and their descriptions Table 5 1 ISDN Configuration Parameters Parameter Description cc_config Identifies the start of the configuration for Call Control ISDN layer 3 cc calling nb vs coc local nb The calling number identifies the local system on outgoing calls The local number filters incoming calls in a multipoint configuration The local number is required for all multipoint configurations If connected to a 1TR6 multipoint switch Germany you must set cc 1ocal nb to the EAZ value assigned by your phone company The EAZ 1 9 is used to differentiate several devices connected to the same multipoint line EAZ 0 broadcasts an incoming call to all devices The 1TR6 switch does not forward the complete phone number to the device It presents only the EAZ number of the number
100. ocal hostname fchap peer secret choose and set a peer secret fchap peer name remote hostname Configuration Example 117 de db dE db de db db dk Note The Sun PPP implementation supports true full duplex authentication and this regardless of the direction of the call However this may not be true for other vendor implementations Interoperability testing with Ascend showed that Ascend products only support half duplex authentication when used as servers and therefore Sun clients initiating calls should have require authentication set to off Set require authentication to off when connected to an Ascend server which is in most cases true when connecting to an ISDN Internet Provider Interoperability testing with Cisco showed that it supports both PAP and CHAP full duplex authentication To interoperate with Windows NT ISDN PPP you must use pap authentication as Sun does not support MS CHAP We suggest the following will do authentication chap pap dwill do authentication set this to pap or chap drequire authentication set this to off or pap or chap fpap id local hostname pap password choose and set a password f pap peer id remote hostname fpap peer password choose and set a remote password chap_secret choose and set a secret fchap name gt local hostname lt fchap peer secret choose and set a peer secret fchap peer name remote h
101. ocumented YesQ NoQ Please explain Were the tasks easy to follow YesQ NoQ Please explain Were the illustrations clear YesQ NoQ Please explain Was the information complete and easy to find YesQ Noa Please explain Do you have additional comments about the SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide You can send detailed comments via email to smcc docs8 sun com or send a fax to SMCC Doc Feedback at 415 786 6443 Your Name Title Company Name Address City State Province Country Zip Postal Code Email Address Telephone Thank you vOIu3WV JO S31V LS GSLINN LGS6 EP0v6 VO MIIA NIVLNNOW JAY VIOuV5 OSSZ 2NI SW31SASOHOIMW NNS 90L PL4dW S N e SSS SSE e SLONGOYd NOLLVIWHONNI O Eene e Caa i ES een 33SS3udav 48 divd 38 THM 39v1SOd VO MSIANIVINDON 808 ON LINH3d 31V1S G31INn 33Avd 3SNOd3u 1IVW A1d3u SS3NISng TVNOLLVNH3LNI JHL OL GFW dl 808 ON 1899 9881 TIVIN IV UIHONYU3JV S d JN S NISO ON UNS amp NE
102. on for these values such as local calling numbers switch type service profile ID SPID and local and remote IP addresses are provided by your local phone ISDN provider and system administrator When configuring SunISDN 1 0 4 you will provide information for both the local and remote systems Each type of system is defined as follows A local system is the system on which you are currently configuring the SunISDN 1 0 4 software The SunISDN configuration files etc opt SUNWisdn te 0 1 and so on contain the information that defines how the local system is configured such as local carrier switch type and line number The configuration file for the first ISDN board is te 0 the configuration for the second ISDN board is te 1 and so on 25 lll HS Using isdntool 26 A remote system is the system that the local system recognizes and can reach across the ISDN Each remote system must be connected to the ISDN etc opt SUNWisdn isppp cf contains the information that defines which remote systems are known to the local system and how it communicates with them along with security information Note Do not reboot your system until after you configure both the ISDN and PPP configuration files isdntool inactivates any fields that do not apply to your configuration For example if you choose point to point protocol fields that pertain to multilink protocol become inactive The fields in isdntool are color coded as
103. ond with ALERT or CONNECT question the phone number local in isdntool and remote in isppp cf and the SPID The SPID may be provided but not needed or vice versa Try reconfiguring the phone number and the SPID RCV on 0 at 14 01 50 0605 gt UI c Sapi 0 Tei 127 p f 0 SETUP Q931 Call reference a ORIG IE 401 Bc 88 90 IE 02 Channel id 89 IE 403 Calling nb al 31 31 30 IE 04 Called nb cl 31 31 31 RCV on 0 at 14 01 54 0649 gt UI c Sapi 0 Tei 127 p f 0 SETUP Q931 Call_reference a ORIG IE 01 Bc 88 90 IE 02 Channel id 89 IE 403 Calling nb al 31 31 30 IE 04 Called nb cl 31 31 31 RCV on 0 at 14 01 59 0649 gt UI c Sapi 0 Tei 127 p f 0 SETUP 9931 Call_reference a ORIG IE 01 Bc 88 90 IE 02 Channel id 89 IE 403 Calling nb al 31 31 30 IE 04 Called nb cl 31 31 31 Code Example 6 3 Called System Trace Shows Neither CONNECT nor ALERT You identified either the local number or the remote number with too few or too many digits For example if you want to connect to a remote site with the same area code do not use the area code in the called_number field of the isppp cf file Type phone numbers exactly as you would on the phone Do not use spaces dashes or parentheses SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 6 If you receive a connection acknowledgment but get no reply from the Teinote then security issues are the likely problem Check carefully that the password and identification na
104. onfigure SunISDN 1 0 4 39 40 s Connection Settings cat atm14 File Heip IP interface Connection Security Phone Advanced Options Routing m Connection PPP Parameters Encapsulation v PPP 4 MP Header Compression _ VJ Data Compression jot x Compression Type stac ascend x STAC Check Mode ofi EJ r Inactivity Timeout 120 r Connection Special Parameters Callback Callback Type They Will Callback w We Will Callback Reenable Timeout E Callback Timeout a Bandwidth Controller pr Hunt Mode Dynamic IP Address _ Reset Defaults OK Figure 4 13 PPP Connection Parameters Window v To Configure the Connection Parameters 1 Click PPP for Point to Point Encapsulation suggested or MP for Multilink Encapsulation Multilink Encapsulation complies with RFC 1717 2 Click VJ to activate Van Jacobson Header Compression VJ compression compresses the IP header to three bytes 3 Set Data Compression to on to activate data compression Activating Data Compression allows you to select Compression Type and STAC Check Mode SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 Hx Ii If you activate Data Compression select Compression Type The options are stac or stac_ascend Select stac_ascend only if you are connecting to an Ascend device are operating in back to back mode or are connecting to a single B channel If you select stac select
105. onnected Set the parameter to 0 to create a permanent connection that will not time out The default is 120 seconds negotiate address Supports the concept of a nomadic machine A system dialing in from a remote office is assigned a temporary IP address may be associated with that remote office or assigned from a pool of addressees by the dial in server The nomadic machine does not have a permanent IP address It can move from one remote office to another and is assigned a new IP address associated with the new location Neither the dial in server nor the nomadic machine needs to be reconfigured Restrictions Enable only on the nomadic system Enabled when negotiate address is set to on Nomadic system must first ping the dial in server to be assigned an IP address before attempting any ftp rlogin telnet or other t cp service A bogus address must initially be used on the nomadic system to plumb up the ifppp interface for example ifconfig ifpppO plumb 0 0 0 0 server up Set callback and callback timeout together on the side calling back referred to as remote here Set reenable timeout on the side that first makes the call referred to as local here callback Set to on only if you want the local system to callback Must be set to on only on one side of the connecting parties The default is off SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 O1 lll Table 5 3 Point to Point Protocol PPP
106. or PABX Remote system acknowledges connection End of connection establishment procedure Start of call disconnect procedure 86 SND RCV RCV RCV SND RCV SND RCV SND on 1 IE IE IE on 1 IE on 1 IE IE IE IE IE on 1 on 1 on 1 IE on 1 IE on 1 on 1 at 18 51 21 0292 SETUP Q931 Call reference 2 01 Bc 88 90 02 Keypad 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 03 Calling nb cl 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 at 18 51 21 0513 CALL PROC Q931 Call reference 2 01 Channel id 89 at 18 51 21 07795 INFO Q931 Call reference 0 01 Codeset 6 02 Sel call appear 01 03 Keypad control 01 04 Feature ind 81 0a 01 05 Display cont 10 at 18 51 21 0989 CONNECT Q931 Call reference 2 at 18 51 22 0153 CONNECT ACKNOWLEDGE Q931 Call reference 2 at 18 51 53 0088 gt DISCONNECT Q931 Call reference 2 01 Cause 80 90 at 18 51 53 0114 DISCONNECT Q931 Call reference 2 01 Cause 80 90 at 18 51 53 0324 RELEASE Q931 Call reference 2 at 18 51 53 0344 RELEASE COMPLETE Q931 Call reference 2 ORIG DEST ORIG DEST ORIG DEST ORIG DEST ORIG Example Trace 4 Layer 3 Information Expressed in ASCII This example trace was taken on a system attached directly to the ISDN through an interface conforming to the AT amp T 5ESS 5e5 specification using the following command line options opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n 5ess 1 2 off 3 ascii 1 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s G
107. or desktop machines this is on the bottom of the system unit Serial number of the machine same location as the model number Solaris or SunOS release number Product release number 1 0 4 To display your software release level Use the showrev command and press Return The display then lists your system s release level The release level is highlighted in the following example hostname showrev Hostname rancho Hostid 5543734a Release 5 5 Kernel architecture sun4m Application architecture sparc Hardware provider Sun Microsystems Domain div mfg companyB com Kernel version SunOS 5 5 Generic November 1995 If you need assistance from SunService use the TRACE and LOG files to keep track of messages that can be used to determine where the network is failing The log file is kept permanently but TRACE is a temporary file so any record you want to keep must be copied to a permanent space v To Copy TRACE or LOG Files 1 With the isdntool turned on open both the TRACE and LOG files 2 Ping the remote site 3 Copy the TRACE and LOG output to a permanent file that can be sent to the person who supports your site Troubleshooting 73 6 Using isdntrace 74 The command line facility for tracing and recording D channel activity is called isdntrace You use it to recover the binary information exchanged between the three layers network layer data link layer and physical layer of
108. ormation it contains Running isdntrace with the 3 option can be used to modify the information displayed Use the off modifier to suppress the layer 3 information entirely opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n network type 3 off Use the hex modifier to display the hexadecimal equivalent of the layer 3 information opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n network type 3 hex 78 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 O lll Use the ascii modifier to display the ascii printable character equivalent of the layer 3 information opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n network type 3 ascii Use the hdr modifier to display the layer 3 header information only opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n network type 3 hdr Usethe ie hex modifier to display the decoded name of the layer 3 Information Element IE together with the hexadecimal equivalent of the information it contains default display opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n network type 3 ie hex Usethe ie ascii modifier to display the decoded name of the layer 3 Information Element IE together with the ascii printable character equivalent of the information it contains opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n network type 3 ie ascii Suppressing Time Stamping By default the decoded information is displayed with time stamping which indicates the date and time at which the information was
109. ostname Encapsulation SunISDN 1 0 4 supports RFC1717 PPP Multilink protocol including packet re ordering and re assembly of fragmented packets To enable PPP Multilink set the encapsulation parameter to MP lcp mrru lcp_sseqnum and lcp endpoint are irrelevant when using PPP encapsulation refer to documentation for more details on these parameters 118 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 2e lll E db db db db db db db db dE db db db db db db H 1cp_encapsulation MP default is PPP flcp mrru 1600 4 valid range is 60 3000 1cp_sseqnum on default is off Endpoint format see rfcl717 page 14 ppp magic number is generated by kernel so class 3 does not take any argument flcp endpoint off do not send endpoint flcp endpoint nil f class O flcp endpoint local localaddress class 1 flcp endpoint ip 255 255 255 255 class 2 flcp endpoint mac 01 02 03 04 05 06 class 3 flcp endpoint ppp class 4 flcp endpoint psndn directorynb class 5 This parameter is provided for interoperability with MP implementations which do not negotiate CPs over the MP bundle and may wait for more than 1 link to be up before sending MP encapsulated packets encapsulate_cp off default is on Bandwidth On Demand For telecommuting we recommend to set up a server with bandwidth_controller set to on and callback set to on The client will be able to call in the server will then call back and add
110. our network connection is limited to the slower transmission speed ISDN divides its information transmission capacity bandwidth into channels each channel acting as a virtual telephone line If you have two channels which is standard with one ISDN line then it is possible to have two telephone calls at once There are two basic access channels B channels can alternate between voice and circuit data D channel is used for call control messages when setting up a Basic Rate Interface and infrequently for packet data The following arrangement is typical for a single ISDN line Two B channels at 64 Kbps each One D channel at 16 Kbps These channels are not physical channels you cannot see them as wires inside a telephone cable Rather they are derived channels created by the ISDN electronic components installed on your telephone line Each B channel can be used for different purposes The channel can initially be used for voice then the same channel can be used for data or video By aggregating both B channels data can be transmitted simultaneously thus doubling the data capacity of the ISDN line SunISDN 1 0 4 3 Primary Rate Interfaces PRI come with 23 B channels in the US and 30 in Europe plus one D channel at 64 Kbps on a 1 544 Mbps digital line With PRI the D channel is only used for call control packet switching is not supported Multirate calls can also be placed over PRI Multirate ISDN calling provi
111. p f 0 TEI Mngt Identity Assigned Ai 80 Ri 32495 SND on 1 at 18 51 21 0250 gt SABME c Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 1 RCV on 1 at 18 51 21 0263 UA r Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 1 SND on 1 at 18 51 21 0292 INFO c Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 0 n s 0 SETUP Q931 Call_reference 2 ORIG IE 01 Bc 88 90 IE 02 Keypad 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 IE 03 Calling nb cl 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 RCV on 1 at 18 51 21 0307 gt RR r Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 1 RCV on 1 at 18 51 21 0513 INFO c Sapi 0 Tei 80 p f 0 n r 1 n s 0 CALL PROC Q931 Call reference 2 DEST IE 401 Channel id 89 Troubleshooting 81 lll O Management information returned by the ISDN exchange or PABX Remote system acknowledges connection End of connection establishment Start of call disconnect In this example both systems initiate a disconnect at the same time This represents a clear collision ISDN exchange or PABX acknowledges disconnect Local system acknowledges disconnect call cleared successfully End of call disconnect 82 SND on 1 at 18 51 21 0529 gt RR RCV on 1 at 18 51 21 0779 INFO INFO Q931 IE 401 Codeset 6 IE 402 Sel call appear IE 403 Keypad control IE 404 Feature ind IE 405 Display cont SND on 1 at 18 51 21 0797 RR RCV on 1 at 18 51 21 0989 INFO CONNECT Q931 SND on 1 at 18 51 22 0059 gt RR SND on 1 at 18 51 22 0153 INFO CONNECT ACKNOWLEDGE Q931 RCV on 1 at 18 51 22 0167 RR RCV on 1 at 18 51 52 029
112. p f 0 n r 7 RCV on 0 at 16 55 41 0613 gt INFO c Sapi 0 Tei 72 p f 0 n r 5 n s 7 CONNECT 0931 Call_reference 1 DEST IE 01 Signal SE SND on 0 at 16 55 41 0620 gt RR r Sapi 0 Tei 72 p f 0 n r 8 SND on 0 at 16 55 41 0658 gt INFO c Sapi 0 Tei 72 p f 0 n r 8 n s 5 CONNECT ACKNOWLEDGE Q931 Call_reference 1 ORIG Code Example 6 1 Calling System Trace SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 O lll RCV on 0 at 13 48 07 0176 gt SETUP Q931 E 01 Bc 02 Channel id 03 Calling nb 04 Called nb Ii II Ti TI SND on 0 at 13 48 07 0231 gt n r 92 n s 117 ALERT Q931 IE 01 Channel id RCV on O0 at 13 48 07 0238 gt n r 118 SND on 0 at 13 48 07 0250 gt n r 92 n s 118 CONNECT Q931 RCV on O at 13 48 07 0256 gt n r 119 RCV on O0 at 13 48 07 0308 gt n r 119 n s 92 CONNECT ACKNOWLEDGE Q931 IE 01 Channel id UI INFO RR INFO RR INFO c Sapi 0 Tei 127 p f 0 Call_reference 9 ORIG 88 90 89 al 33 36 34 39 39 39 39 c1 34 31 35 38 31 32 39 39 39 39 c Sapi 0 Tei 64 p f 0 Call_reference 9 DEST 89 r Sapi 0 Tei 64 p f 0 c Sapi 0 Tei 64 p f 0 Call_reference 9 DEST r Sapi 0 Tei 64 p f 0 c Sapi 0 Tei 64 p f 0 Call_reference 9 ORIG 89 Code Example 6 2 Called System Trace Troubleshooting 69 70 Incorrect Phone Number and SPID If you get SETUP messages but you do not resp
113. p on both sides and set require authentication to pap If either pap or chap is present the peer must participate in the authentication protocol or the connection will be terminated If both pap and chap are present then the system will first try to negotiate chap If that fails it will try to negotiate pap If both fail the connection will be terminated If pap is required then the pap peer id and pap peer password keywords and values must be specified for the associated path If chap is required then the chap peer name and chap peer secret keywords and values must be specified for the associated path Set to off when connecting to an Ascend device The default value is off pap id string One or more characters that represent the authenticated name required by the authenticator to identify this system Note To indicate a zero length string do not include this keyword pap password string One or more characters that indicate the password for this system Note To indicate a zero length string do not include this keyword pap peer id string One or more characters that indicate the name of the peer to be authenticated Note To indicate a zero length string do not include this keyword pap peer password string One or more characters used to indicate the password for authentication Note To indicate a zero length string do not include the keyword SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide Janua
114. r NI 2 can have two profiles configured each with a different spid and directory number any enables automatic profile selection Multiple profiles are used only in North America Elsewhere use profile A service Options are data56 or data64 See Baud Rate on page 8 The default is data64 ipcp compression Options are vj or off Indicates whether IP header compression Van Jacobson algorithm is enabled The default is vj ccp Options are ccp or off Set to ccp to compress data The default is off Using a Text Editor to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 61 62 Table 5 3 Point to Point Protocol PPP Configuration Keywords Continued PPP Configuration File Keyword Description compression Options are stac_ascend or stac Must be set to stac ascend if you are connecting to an Ascend device otherwise set to stac stac check mode Options are 1cb crc sequence3 Use 1cb for Ascend or Cisco Use sequence3 for Network Express crc is not implemented by all vendors lcp encapsulation Set to MP to enable Multilink Protocol RFC 1717 The default is PPP Point to Point Protocol encapsulate cp The default is on lcp mru The maximum size in bytes of received data The default is 1500 lcp mrru The LCP multilink maximum received reconstructed unit mrru option indicates the maximum size message this host can receive after reassembly from all links to this de
115. recovered Use the t option to turn off date and time stamping opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n network type t Troubleshooting 79 80 Suppressing the Lost Data Indication By default isdntrace logs each time data is lost Use the 1 option to turn off the lost data indicator opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n network type 1 Using Multiple Command Line Options The command line options can be concatenated to tailor the effects of isdntrace Note that the d and i options are mutually exclusive For example To capture the input from the second SunISDN device installed in a host system connected to the ISDN service from one of the carriers in the United States and to write only the layer 2 and layer 3 decoded information to file opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n 5ess d 2 o output file 2 hex To recover the input from a binary output file created earlier using the b option containing the information from a SunISDN device attached to the ISDN service offered by France Telecom and to display the hexadecimal equivalent of the layer 2 and layer 3 information only on the standard output device opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n vn6 i input filo 1 off 2 ascii 3 ie ascii Interpreting the Output from isdntrace The D channel information that is recovered using isdntrace is carrier dependent When interpreting the decoded information you will need to refer
116. rite de Sun et de ses bailleurs de licence s il y en a Des parties de ce produit pourront tre deriv es du syst me UNIX licenci par Novell Inc et du syst me Berkeley 4 3 BSD licenci par l Universit de Californie UNIX est une marque enregistr e aux Etats Unis et dans d autres pays et licenci e exclusivement par X Open Company Ltd Le logiciel d tenu par des tiers et qui comprend la technologie relative aux polices de caract res est prot g par un copyright et licenci par des fournisseurs de Sun Sun Sun Microsystems le logo Sun et Solaris sont des marques d pos es ou enregistr es de Sun Microsystems Inc aux Etats Unis et dans d autres pays Toutes les marques SPARC utilis es sous licence sont des marques d pos es ou enregistr es de SPARC International Inc aux Etats Unis et dans d autres pays Les produits portant les marques SPARC sont bas s sur une architecture d velopp e par Sun Microsystems Inc Les utilisateurs d interfaces graphiques OPEN LOOK et Sun ont t d velopp s de Sun Microsystems Inc pour ses utilisateurs et licenci s Sun reconnait les efforts de pionniers de Xerox Corporation pour la recherche et le d veloppement du concept des interfaces d utilisation visuelle ou graphique pour l industrie de l informatique Sun d tient une licence non exclusive de Xerox sur l interface d utilisation graphique cette licence couvrant aussi les licenci s de Sun qui mettent en place les utilisateurs d
117. rted consistently by all networks and is not supported across network boundaries It is often offered on a subscription basis only If CLI is not available one of the other access restriction mechanisms should be used to ensure the integrity of your network connection Note Always check that your local ISDN carrier supports CLI and that you have subscribed to this service before enabling CLI If you cannot use CLI use PPP password authentication or callback to protect your network When CLI and PAP CHAP password authentication are enabled the connection manager first identifies the caller using its network inserted calling address and then checks its initial decision using password authentication If the network does not support CLI or no calling_address is passed then the PAP CHAP password is used to authenticate the call Before You Begin 17 2 SunISDN 1 0 4 Directories and Files Figure 2 4 shows the hierarchy of directories and files for SunISDN 1 0 4 var etc opt opt opt SUNWisdn SUNWisdn SUNWisdn log Configuration files isppp cf te PPP SunISDN 0 2 n bin include lib samples snm tools Binary and shell Loadable Example Graphi phical user interface executables modules ees scripts and binaries and security tool Include files PPP SunNet 18 Manager agent Figure 2 4 SunIS
118. ry 1997 O1 lll Table 5 3 Point to Point Protocol PPP Configuration Keywords Continued PPP Configuration File Keyword Description chap secret string One or more characters preferably at least 16 that contain the secret that is used with the received challenge value to generate the response sent to the authenticator chap name string One or more characters representing the identification of this system The name should not be NUL or CR LF terminated The name is sent to the authenticator in a Response packet The chap peer name and chap name may appear in the received or sent Challenge packets respectively chap peer secret string One or more characters preferably at least 16 that contain the secret that is used with the challenge value to generate the response received from the peer chap peer name string One or more characters representing the identification of the peer transmitting the packet The name should not be NUL or CR LF terminated The name is received from the peer in a Response packet bandwidth controller Identifies the system controlling the bandwidth You must not set this to on at both ends of the connection Typically the caller sets bandwidth controller hiwat hicnt lowat locnt clamp link retry count link suspend timer Values used in defining strategies to aggregate B channels See Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation on page 11 bandwidth
119. s displayed Local addresses are simply additional phone numbers assigned to your ISDN lines For example if you are assigned 5551234 and 5551235 you would put 5551234 in the calling number field and 5551235 in the Local Addr 1 field Local Addresses Profile A Dismiss SSS SSS Figure 4 9 Configuration Options Local Addresses If you have additional phone numbers and subaddresses type them in 6 Click the Apply button to update etc opt SUNWisdn te 0 1 n A message confirming that ISDN is configured is displayed in the Main window Using the GUI to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 35 PPP Configuration File 36 Your PPP configuration file is preconfigured Since some parameters are unique to your environment you must edit this file Note When configuring your PPP configuration file refer to Table 5 3 on page 59 for a list and description of each parameter v To Configure the PPP Configuration File Using isdntool xj isdntool 1 0 4 Heip File Configure Troubleshooting Figure 4 10 Main Menu Showing PPP Configuration Selected 1 Select PPP from the Configure menu Figure 4 10 The PPP Configuration Options window is displayed Figure 4 11 This is the first of several windows you will use to configure your PPP configuration file SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 Hx Ii zi PPP Configuration Options r
120. s in the network If this error occurs set the co force56 option to on to enforce a 56K baud rate about local address If present the incoming call called address will be checked against the specified local address es If there is no match the incoming call will be rejected Up to 4 local addresses are supported per nai In a NI 1 2 multipoint configuration if the Sun is configured with 2 profiles A amp B each profile must have a local address configured and equal to the calling number The local address will be used to filter calls which do not have an Endpoint ID If connected to a 1TR6 Multipoint switch Germany you must set the cc calling nb and cc local nb to the EAZ value assigned by your ISDN provider The EAZ 1 9 is used to differentiate several devices connected to the same multipoint line EAZ 0 is used to broadcast an incoming call to all devices EAZ does not apply to 1TR6 point to point Configuration Example 107 lll PROFILE_A cc_profile A cc calling nb gt calling number or EAZ lt fcc calling sub add gt calling sub add lt fcc local nb local nb or EAZ or calling nb optional fcc local sub add gt local sub add lt optional fcc local nb gt local nb lt optional fcc local sub add gt local sub add lt optional fcc local nb gt local nb lt optional fcc local sub add gt local sub add lt optional fcc local nb
121. s should modify profile to add these paths to the existing definitions A simple way to do this so that the existing definitions are preserved is shown below Add these lines to your existing file PATH SPATH opt SUNWisdn bin opt SUNWisdn tools export PATH C shell users should add these lines to the existing cshrc to add these paths to the existing definitions Use the following example to ensure that the existing definitions are always preserved set path path opt SUNWisdn bin opt SUNWisdn tools setenv LD LIBRARY PATH usr openwin lib usr lib Installing SunISDN 1 0 4 23 24 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 Using the GUIto Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 The graphical user interface GUI for SunISDN is called isdntool You can use isdntool to configure files as well as detect and diagnose problems with your IP ISDN network configuration This chapter shows you how to use isdntool to configure both the ISDN and PPP configuration files Chapter 5 gives instructions for configuring the files using a text editor You can configure the files using either method but you cannot mix them The ISDN configuration files contain phone connection information such as your local carrier and line number The PPP configuration file specifies remote parameters including security and identification information Both ISDN and PPP configuration files are formatted for keyword value entries Informati
122. sdn3 to isdn5 isdn5 to isdn3 restart_timer 3000 off mac_restarts 20 off lcp mru 1524 off If isdn3 wanted to connect with several other machines on the network the ifconfig line would be repeated and the host name of each machine you expect to connect with is listed isdn3 would always appear in the first position but the second machine might be isdn4 isdn6 and isdn9 in three additional ifconfig lines Each ifconfig line must have an associated isdn path so the section starting at the path name and concluding with the bandwidth must be complete for isdn4 isdn6 and so on Keep in mind that the isdn path name refers to a system to which you want to connect not your system ifpppO in both the ifconfig line and in the isdn path interface must match to separate different paths For example if the next path to be defined were for isdn4 then the second ifconfig line would start ifconfig ifpppl and the isdn path name would be isdn4 and the interface would be ifpppl isdn6 could be ifppp2 and so on Even though orce56 is commented out in the ISDN file the data rate is set to data56 in the isppp cf the called number line so that will determine the baud rate for the connection Both caller ID and CHAP are set for both systems Thus the CHAP password will be sent if requested for an incoming call and the called system will request a CHAP password in return isdn3 controls the bandwidth and aggregation of B channels betwee
123. ssword authentication If remote NO system does not accept CHAP Local system requests PAP Does remote system accept this p Remote system presents its identifier and password l Call disconnected Does the identifier presented NO match the remote identifier for any of the authorized paths YES Call disconnected Does the password presented NO match the remote password for this path YES C Incoming call authorized Negotiation continues Figure 2 3 Call Acceptance Algorithm PPP Password Authentication 16 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 No lll Callback Callback means that the connection will not be completed until the callback action is completed Callback may be set in conjunction with PAP or CHAP If Callback is set to on the remote host immediately hangs up and calls back the local host The local host should leave the reenable_timeout set to 30 seconds but may need to experiment with the value based on network conditions Calling Line Identifier CLI When CLI is turned on the switch to the remote site confirms that the physical calling number matches the cc_calling_nb entry in the ISDN configuration file A pass fail flag is set and passed to the local site the call is connected only if a pass signal is received Note Do not confuse CLI with Use Caller ID See Table 5 3 on page 59 for a definition of the use_caller_id parameter CLI is not suppo
124. stalled To list the installed SunISDN software packages type the pkginfo and grep commands and press Return pkginfo application application application application application grep isdn SUNWisdn SUNWisdnh SUNWisdni SUNWisdnm SUNWisdnu SunISDN 1 0 4 User Programs and Switch Software SunISDN 1 0 4 Interface Developer Source Code SunISDN 1 0 4 IP PPP over ISDN Connection Manager SunISDN 1 0 4 Loadable Binary Interface Modules SunISDN 1 0 4 Utilities Graphical User Interface 6 Verify the PPP package Enter the following and press Return hostname pkginfo grep cpppk system SUNWcpppk Common PPP Kernel Device Drivers 7 Add opt SUNWisdn bin and opt SUNWisdn tools to your search path See Setting Up Your Environment in this section Note Do not reboot your system until after you configure both the ISDN and PPP configuration files 22 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 Qo lll Setting Up Your Environment You must add or modify the definitions for these environment variables as superuser This enables you to run the SunISDN software utilities as root which is essential if you want to fully configure start and stop the SunISDN software subsystem To distinguish whether you are using Borne or C shell as superuser type more profile and more cshrc Only one of these files exits Proceed with the instructions for your shell type Bourne shell user
125. stination The maximum value is 3000 bytes The default value for the mrru option is 1600 bytes ip spoofing Use for placing ISDN calls when the system wants to open connections for broadcast packets over the ISDN PPP interfaces Broadcast packets such as routing information packets RIP and router discovery packets are currently supported The default is on When ip spoofing is on the PPP manager will perform call filtering for RIP and router discovery packets so that ISDN calls will not be initiated When ip spoofing is off the PPP manager will place ISDN calls when the system wants to open connections for broadcast packets such as RIP and route discovery packets Since the interface type of point to multipoint is no longer supported set this field to on to disable the broadcast capability if you want the point to point interface to behave similarly to a point to multipoint interface as supported in the previous releases SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 O1 lll Table 5 3 Point to Point Protocol PPP Configuration Keywords Continued PPP Configuration File Keyword Description lcp endpoint class value Options are 1ocal ip mac ppp and psndn local is Class 1 with local address value of 20 bytes maximum length ip is Class 2 with an ip host address value mac is Class 3 with a mac address value of 12 bytes ppp is Class 4 with a value of a block of 1 to 5 concatenated 21 bit PPP
126. stnames ps ef grep xnet isdn xnet processes are displayed hostname ps ef grep ispppd ispppd processes are displayed Troubleshooting 7 72 Some DMS switch users particularly in Canada may find that they need to use the switch type of ni2 In addition it may be necessary to prepend the remote number in the isppp cf file with an extra digit For example you may find that 9 011 333 666 2222 works even though 9 is not part of the normal phone number sequence Check with your phone company Verify the type of compression configured at both the local and remote sites If data compression is enabled and you have problems communicating with a remote system compression types may not be configured the same at both the local and remote sites For example if compression type is set to stac at one site while it is set to stac_ascend at the other you may not be able to connect Check the number of called numbers configured If you cannot get a second B channel to work as multilink protocol connections you may have only one called_number entry in the configuration file isppp cf To get a second B channel to work you must have two called numbers configured SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 O lll Getting Help If you have problems installing or using the SunISDN 1 0 4 software call your authorized service provider You must have the following information ready Model number of your machine f
127. t D channel error compatible with call state The remote equipment received an unexpected message that did not correspond to the current state of the connection D channel error timer expiry An error handling recovery procedure was initiated by a timer expiry This should be a temporary problem 111 Protocol error unspecified An unspecified D channel error when no other standard cause applies 127 Interworking unspecified UNKNOWN Unknown An event occurred but the network does not provide causes for the actions that it takes therefore the precise nature of the event cannot be given This may or may not indicate the occurrence of an error or local error An event occurred but the network does not provide causes for the actions that it takes therefore the precise nature of the event cannot be given This may or may not indicate the occurrence of an error SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 Configuration Example AS This appendix provides example syntheses of an ISDN configuration file and a PPP configuration file and explains what occurs between the two machines in the examples This appendix also includes sample ISDN and PPP configuration files with explanatory notes SunISDN Configuration Example Table A 1 shows a synthesis from an ISDN configuration file example This example configuration file shows two machines set up to talk over an ISDN network 105 106 Table A 1 etc opt SUNWisdn
128. the binary data recovered from one or more SunISDN devices to a file Note that the d and i options are mutually exclusive opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n network type i filename The option can be used in conjunction with the i option You use it to direct isdntrace to read past the end of the specified input file opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n network type i input file SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 O lll Writing the Output to File Running isdntrace with the o option enables you to write the decoded data to a specified output file The information is recorded in the same format as it would have been displayed on the standard output device The information is written to a file only and it is not displayed on the standard output device opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n network type o output file Running isdntrace with the b option enables you to write raw binary data to a specified output file This output file can be used later as the input to isdntrace using the i option By default the information is written to file only it is not displayed on the standard output device opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n network type b raw output file The s option can be used in conjunction with the b option You use it to display decoded data on the standard output device at the same time as binary data is written to file
129. the D channel software By default this information is decoded and displayed on the standard output device however it can also be saved to a file as either binary or decoded data Running trace from isdntool yields a broad and generalized report The following sections provides specifics for using isdntrace Specifying the Input Device page 75 Recovering the Input from File page 76 Writing the Output to File page 77 Modifying the Default Output Format page 77 Suppressing Time Stamping page 79 Suppressing the Lost Data Indication page 80 Using Multiple Command Line Options page 80 By default isdntrace recovers the binary information exchanged between all three layers of the D channel software and displays the decoded information on the standard output device in a standard format You must specify the type of network to which your host is connected SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 O lll v To Run isdntrace 1 Become superuser You can invoke a general trace from isdntool or a more specific trace using a variety of parameters as specified in this section Country Switch Type Keyword Australia AUSTEL aul Europe ETSI etsi France Version Nationale Euro Numeris 3 vn3 France Version Nationale Euro Numeris 6 vn6 Germany DBT 1TR6 1tr6 Hong Kong HKT hkt Japan NTT INS 64 ntt North America National ISDN 1 and ISDN 2 ni2 North America AT amp T 5ESS PTP MTP 5ess North America NT DMS100 dms Swed
130. tion Protocol One of the security provisions available in PPP See PP authentication Authentication scheme that combines both PAP and CHAP authentication along with a security card to provide a greater degree of security than PAP or CHAP Point to Point Protocol PPP provides router to router and host to network connections over both synchronous and asynchronous circuits It is used within the context of SunISDN to provide a direct link between the IP network layers on two systems An optional phase of the PPP negotiation process that is used to determine the source of an incoming call based on the verification of an identifier password pair Used by SunISDN as part of its global call acceptance policy Packet internet groper A program used to test reachability of destinations by sending them an ICMP echo request and waiting for a reply Glossary 131 phone company provider physical interface physical layer pkgadd pkgrm pkginfo POTS PRI protocol protocol reference point PTP Q 921 Q 931 R reference point 132 Information necessary to configure your system is obtained from the local phone company Networking information is obtained from an internet provider The network internet provider provides much of the remote site information The means by which a system running SunISDN is attached to the network It consists of the hardware interface the connection to the local exchange and the associated con
131. to Configure SunISDN 1 0 4 43 44 m Connection Settings cat atm1 4 r Phone Number Number to Call Interface Profile Service 914157801836 914157801836 isdn 0 any data64 isdn any data64 lI m Phone Parameters Subaddress Physical Interface Jom x Service x Number to Call Subaddress Number Protile amp Add Delete Change OK File Help IP interface Connection Security Phone Advanced Options Routing Figure 4 15 PPP Phone Configuration Window To Configure the Phone Parameters 1 In the Number to Call field type the phone number of the remote system Do not insert dashes or spaces If the number is within your area code type only the local number If you are calling outside your area code type the access number area code and phone number In the United States for example you would type a long distance number in this format 18005551212 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 Hx lll Click Subaddress only if it is applicable Type the subaddress if you have one n Germany type the EAZ in this field Subaddresses are not used in North America Select Physical Interface The options are isdn 0 isdn 1 isdn n for as many interfaces as you have and any Do not select any unless all your interfaces are connected to lines Use on line help or see Table 5 3 on page 59 for more infor
132. tory information element is missing The receiving equipment received a message that did not include one of the mandatory information elements D channel error If this error is returned systematically report the occurrence to your authorized service provider Status Messages 103 lll N Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause 104 97 Message type non existent or not implemented The remote equipment received a message that was not recognized either because the message type was invalid or because the message type was valid but not supported This is either a problem with the remote configuration or a problem with the local D channel 98 Message not compatible with call state or message type non existent The remote equipment received an unexpected message that did not correspond to the current state of the connection D channel error If this error is returned systematically report the occurrence to your authorized service provider 99 Information element non existent or not implemented A message was received by the remote equipment that contained information elements that were not recognized D channel error If this error is returned systematically report the occurrence to your authorized service provider 100 Invalid information element contents 101 Message not 102 Recovery on A message was received by the remote equipment that included invalid information in the information elemen
133. uide January 1997 O lll Start of connection establishment procedure Local system generates SETUP message Called and calling addresses contained in the information elements are decoded and displayed SND on 1 at 18 51 21 0292 gt Ns msg size 23 Ns msg PTT 12345678 87654321 RCV on 1 at 18 51 21 0513 Ns msg size 7 Ns msg RCV on 1 at 18 51 21 0779 Ns msg size 18 Ns msg uu uu a RCV on 1 at 18 51 21 0989 Ns msg size 4 Ns msg SND on 1 at 18 51 22 0153 Ns msg size 4 Ns msg RCV on 1 at 18 51 53 0088 gt Ns msg size 8 Ns msg Py eres SND on 1 at 18 51 53 0114 gt Ns msg size 8 Ns msg SER ss RCV on 1 at 18 51 53 0324 gt Ns msg size 4 Ns msg uM SND on 1 at 18 51 53 0344 Ns msg size 4 Ns msg ah Example Trace 5 Layer 3 Header Only This example trace was taken on a system attached directly to the ISDN through an interface conforming to the AT amp T 5ESS 5e5 specification using the following command line options opt SUNWisdn bin isdntrace n 5ess 1 2 off 3 hdr Troubleshooting 87 lll O Start of connection establishment procedure Local system generates SETUP message Header information shows progress of the call 88 SND RCV RCV RCV SND RCV SND RCV SND on on on on on on on on on at at at at at at at at at 18 51 18 51 18 51 18 51 18 51 18 514
134. uired Type your phone number as a local number In the United States you would use only your seven digit number without the area code for example 5551212 Type the subaddress in the Sub Address field This can be supplied by your telephone company or you can make up your own subaddress Note The Sub Address field is not used in North America 34 SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 Hx Ii b Type your Service Profile IDentifier SPID in the SPID field This field is required in North America for AT amp T multipoint all DMS and all NI 1 and NI 2 connections It is not required for AT amp T point to point PTP SPID numbers are not used outside North America If more than one SPID is specified by the phone company along with the phone number use it See Service Profile IDentifier SPID on page 7 If you have subscribed to CLI click the CLI button to use the Calling Line Identifier See Calling Line Identifier CLI on page 17 for a description of this security feature If you want to enforce a transfer rate of 56 Kbps click the Force56 button This forces the slower of two baud rates See Baud Rate on page 8 If you have trouble transferring data it may be that some connection point between you and your destination uses a 56Kbs baud rate In that case using Force56 should solve the problem f you have reserved several phone numbers click the local button The Local Addresses window i
135. ule follow these guidelines 1 You can remove redundant or duplicate routes from the IP routing table using the route 1M command route delete destination gateway IP Routing Addressing Problems Problems can occur when using the Dynamic IP Address negotiate_address or the Dynamic Default Route default_route features as follows Dynamic IP Address Dynamic IP Address negotiate_address should be enabled on the Client calling system only when enabled it allows the called system Server to modify or assign the IP address of the client As the client system source address is likely to change if this feature is enabled you must first ping the destination host before attempting a telnet or rlogin session The purpose of this is to establish a new address Note the ping may fail This feature should only be enabled if you have not been assigned a fixed IP address by your Internet Service Provider ISP or by the site you are connecting to Dynamic Default Route The Dynamic Default Route default_route feature allows an ISDN PPP connection to become the default route but only while the connection is established When the PPP connection is established an entry will be made in the routing tables specifying the remote host as the default router The entry is removed when the connection is dropped Problems arise when the remote host is a router likely case if connecting to an ISP and Dynamic Default Route is enable
136. utput AaBbCc123 Command line placeholder To delete a file type rm filename replace with a real name or value AaBbCc123 Book titles new words or Read Chapter 6 in the User s Guide terms or words to be emphasized These are called class options You must be root to do this The following table shows the default system prompt and superuser prompt for the C shell Bourne shell and Korn shell Shell Prompt C shell machine_name C shell superuser Bourne shell and Korn shell Bourne shell and Korn shell superuser Preface xiii Ordering Sun Documents SunDocs is a distribution program for Sun Microsystems technical documentation Easy convenient ordering and quick delivery is available from SunExpress You can find a full listing of available documentation on the World Wide Web http www sun com sunexpress Country Telephone Fax United States United Kingdom France Belgium Luxembourg Germany The Netherlands Sweden Switzerland Japan 1 800 873 7869 0 800 89 88 88 05 90 61 57 02 720 09 09 32 2 720 09 09 01 30 81 61 91 06 022 34 45 020 79 57 26 155 19 26 0120 33 9096 1 800 944 0661 0 800 89 88 87 05 90 61 58 02 725 88 50 32 2 725 88 50 01 30 81 61 92 06 022 34 46 020 79 57 27 155 19 27 0120 33 9097 Sun Welcomes Your Comments xiv Please use the Reader Comment Card that accompanies this document We are interested in improving our documentation a
137. vices are found the response will be 0 1 If your system does not respond with the correct number of ISDN devices reboot your system After you halt your system you will get either a prompt or an ok prompt lll No Required Information Terminology If you get a gt prompt type gt b r If you get an ok prompt type ok boot r Before you begin to configure the ISDN and PPP files you need the following information from your phone company What are my ISDN numbers These are the telephone numbers assigned to your ISDN lines What is my switch type Most countries have only one switch type The United States has three Your local phone company can tell you which type it uses What is my Service Profile IDentifier SPID One or more SPIDs may be specified by your phone company along with the phone number SPIDs are used only in North America Can I bring up data on both channels Your phone company will tell you whether you have a data data line or a voice data line The following sections define terms you need to know to successfully configure your ISDN and PPP files SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 No lll Network Switch Type The switch type refers to the central office switch of your ISDN service carrier or your local PBX Select your switch type from the list in Table 2 1 Table 2 1 Switch Type Switch Type AUSTEL aul ETSI etsi FT VN6 v
138. witch software prior to standardized National ISDN 1 or 2 ISDN out of band signalling channel Carries user network signalling information at a rate of 16 kbps for BRI Primarily used in call setup and tear down The protocol layer responsible for the error free transmission of information between directly connected systems Normally used to describe the second layer of the OSI Reference Model Refer to OSI Layer 2 Discrete signals or data that can only have specified values within a predefined range Example binary data transmission In the Internet a part of a naming hierarchy Syntactically an Internet domain name consists of a sequence of names labels separated by periods dots e g tundra mpk ca us Directory number telephone number for ISDN Each BRI can have up to two directory numbers one for each B channel The syntactic representation for a 32 bit integer that consists of four 8 bit numbers written in base 10 with periods dots separating them Used to represent IP addresses in the Internet as in 192 67 67 20 A connection that is opened and closed on demand A connection to a router set up automatically by a server when a call is set up and broken when the call is torn down Glossary 127 EAZ encapsulation fragmentation frame gateway I 441 1 451 IP datagram IP IP dialup interface IP point to point 128 EndgerateAuswahlZiffer selection digit Deutsche Budespost Tel
139. ype country or area of origin is assumed from the switch information You must specify both country and switch type when modifying the configuration file directly See Table 4 1 on page 33 for the recognized switch types and their countries ns config Identifies the start of network signaling parameters Q 931 similar to the call control layer values above except for SPID information ns spid Differentiates between multiple devices connected to the same multipoint line Outside North America make sure ns spid is commented out by typing the pound sign as the first character in that line dl config Identifies the start of the data link parameters Q 921 LAPD One section applies to both A and B profiles set in the upper layers The configurable fields are for North American settings and should not be changed for dms 5ess and nil switch types Comment out all other fields ph config Identifies the start of the physical layer parameters SunISDN 1 0 4 User s Guide January 1997 O1 lll North American Switch Parameters The remaining data link fields apply to Northern Telecom DMS and AT amp T switch types North America In North America use the values supplied in the sample isdn configuration file These values are shown in Table 5 2 Comment all other lines Table 5 2 North American Switch Parameters Data Link Field Field Value dl tei time assignment DL TEI TIME ASSIGN U

SunISDN™1.0.4 User's Guide - Advanced Processors Technologies

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SunISDN™1.0.4 User's Guide - Advanced Processors Technologies