PHYSICAL ACTIVITY TOOL USER GUIDE: PAT4LG
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1. Difference B I Combined Costs 4 D Costs Input and Output H Cost Input and Output tab 2015 1008473 1008473 0 27665 2016 180170 175922 4038 1179993 1151285 2017 1365732 1305729 58432 208014 199324 8438 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 1571877 1478933 92266 1801473 1669081 130274 2028434 1856802 168100 2279123 2064779 210940 2554391 2292344 257882 2825877 2518429 302851 237978 224621 13224 271188 252342 18492 304327 280112 23855 339950 309841 29640 379697 342963 419272 376154 yn specification Graphics Output counts Output life death disease Output summary Help Step 6 Run the simulation UK Health Forum Once you are happy with the set up click run cohort on the main setup page This will run the simulation 11 UK Health Forum Physical inactivity risks Cornwall Local Authority File Edit Run View Help Key Value Comment local authority Fareham the name of Local Authority start year 2015 the simulation s start year stop year last person dead the simulation s stop year SS cohort 40 to 64 All risk Cohorts are identified by their ages and their risk group in the start year cohort gender Male Female the gender of the cohort members male female male and female mixed single person risk Not required the initial risk factor level of the person in the single person cohort single person2. Medium risk corresponding to physical activity levels between 30 and 150 High risk corresponding to physical activity less than 30 min week You may wish to select a single person rather than a cohort in order to determine the risk of disease to an individual from reduced physical activity For example you may wish to analyse a range of trajectories of risk for a 20 year old male throughout his life You can assign their level of risk e g low risk gt 150min week of physical activity 2 UK Health Forum Physical inactivity risks File Edit Run View Help Key Comment local authority the name of Local Authority start year the simulation s start year stop year the simulation s stop year 18 to 39 At risk Cohorts are identified by their ages and their risk group in the start year Male Female the gender of the cohort members male female male and female mixed high risk the initial risk factor level of the person in the single person cohort a the initial age of the person in the single person cohort all become active Interventions are identified by their impact on the risk factor 75 the percentage of peole in the cohort who change to become active v Setup Costs Input and Output Run specification Graphics Output counts Output life death disease Output summary UK Health Forum b Cohort Select the age boundaries of the cohort 18 all risk This refers to all adu
3. 39 At risk Male Female Not required Not required all become active 75 20 the simulation s start year the simulation s stop year Cohorts are identified by their ages and their risk group in the start year the gender of the cohort members male female male and female mixed the initial risk factor level of the person in the single person cohort the initial age of the person in the single person cohort Interventions are identified by their impact on the risk factor the percentage of peole in the cohort who change to become active Setup Costs Input and Output Run specification Graphics Output counts Output life death disease Output summary Help UK Health Forum RUNNING THE SIMULATION Step 1 On the main setup dashboard use the drop down menu to select the local authority that you wish to run UK Health Forum Physical inactivity risks File Edit Run View Help Comment the simulation s start year the simulation s stop year 18 to 39 At risk Cohorts are identified by their ages and their risk group in the start year Male 4 Female the gender of the cohort members male female male and female mixed single person risk Not required the initial risk factor level of the person in the single person cohort single person age Not required the initial age of the person in the single person cohort intervention all become active Interventions are identified by thei
4. 64 at risk This refers to all adults in the local authority who are 40 64 years old and are at risk At risk is assumed to be individuals who are inactive individuals 150 minutes week 65 at risk This refers to all adults in the local authority who are 65 years old or above and are at risk At risk is assumed to be individuals who are inactive individuals 150 minutes week Comment the name of Local Authority the simulation s start year the simulation s stop year Cohorts are identified by their ages and their risk group in the start year the gender of the cohort members male female male and female mixed the initial risk factor level of the person in the single person cohort the initial age of the person in the single person cohort Interventions are identified by their impact on the risk factor the percentage of peole in the cohort who change to become active Costs Input and Output Run specification Graphics Output counts Output life death disease Output summary UK Health Forum Note You can also specify the gender of the cohort it is set to analyse both females and males by default but you can specify the programme to only produce outputs for a particular gender If a cohort is selected the single person attributes are automatically Select the intervention that you would like to test For physical activity you can select one of the following interventions No
5. age Not required the initial age of the person in the single person cohort intervention all become active Interventions are identified by their impact on the risk factor become active 75 the percentage of peole in the cohort who change to become active tax rate 20 options allow input cost editing true risk factor rf_pa Run Cohort Step 7 THE MENU BAR UK Health Forum Physical inactivity risks The menu gt File Edit Run View Help Key local authority There are a number of additional features that can be selected from the menu bar File make data pack this is restricted for the developer s access only Edit setup once you have run the simulation you can go back to the initial set up page by selecting edit setup Edit clear output once you have run the simulation this will delete all of the outputs from any previous runs you have done Run initialise run this gives you an overview of the initialisation components that you specified in the previous 4 steps above Run run cohort this runs the simulation in the same way as the run cohort button on the main setup screen View population tree this allows you to view the population distribution of all ages or specific age groups in the selected local authority 12 View draw disease prevalence by year selecting this with bring up graph of the disease prevalence View draw cost savings by year View draw cumulat
6. change trends continue as expected with no intervention i e baseline 2 All become active everybody in the population moves in to the active category 2150 mins week of physical activity on a weekly basis 3 Y becomes active A given percentage of the population becomes physically active e g 25 of inactive individuals move in to the active category gt 150mins wk UK Health Forum Physical inactivity risks File Edit Run View Help Key Value Comment local authority Cornwall the name of Local Authority start year 2015 the simulation s start year stop year 2030 the simulation s stop year cohort 18 to 39 At risk Cohorts are identified by their ages and their risk group in the start year cohort gender Male c Female the gender of the cohort members male female male and female mixed single person risk Not required the initial risk factor level of the person in the single person cohort single person age Not required the initial age of the person in the single person cohort intervention all become active Interventions are identified by their impact on the risk factor become active change the percentage of peole in the cohort who change to become active tax rate 1 active options allow input cost editing risk factor Setup Costs Input and Output Run specification Graphics Output counts Output life death disease Output summary H
7. the data included in the model is outlined in appendix 1 INSTALLING THE PROGRAM Step 0 Use a windows computer Step 1 Double click on the zip file called S64paTool zip Step 2 unzip the S64paTool zip folder and select extract all rf_pa_packfile txt UserGuides folder and S64Tool exe into a new folder Step 3 Right click on the file S64Tool exe and run as an administrator A first window pops up saying where deploying to the file path where the user is using the tool Click on OK Step 4 The user will need accept the terms and conditions of the tool to be able to use it on their system Step 5 Two events occur 1 Afile called LAsetup nhf as well as five folders called diseases output pdfs S64Data and UserGuides are created Name Date modified Type Size diseases 29 04 2015 11 43 File folder k output 29 04 2015 12 17 File folder b pdfs 29 04 2015 12 17 File folder b S 4Data 29 04 2015 12 43 File folder i UserGuides 29 04 2015 11 41 File folder LAsetupFile nhf 29 04 2015 11 43 File 1 KB paHelp txt 29 04 2015 11 43 Text Document 1 KB 2 The following interface can be seen UK Health Forum Physical inactivity risks File Edit Run View Help Value Comment Cornwall the name of Local Authority cohort gender single person risk single person age intervention become active tax rate options allow input cost editing risk factor 2015 last person dead 18 to
8. 185 152757 12871 153426 2017 401931 12499 154931 2018 395146 12161 154764 2019 388482 11751 155684 2021 375121 11638 157356 Changes Baseline relative to Intervention B I in the numbers surviving in the cohort and the numbers of disease cases by year 2015 year 8 1 hypertension 8 1 diabetes 8 1 colo rectal cancer 14 0 0 0 2016 459 367 57 2017 706 93 2018 1020 117 2019 1312 134 2021 151 158 Setup Costs Input and Output run specification Output counts UK Health Forum 14 2 Graphics This graph shows the year along the x axis and the probability of being alive and having a disease on the y axis The diseases are listed at the top of the graph with average number of expected disease days per person throughout their life UK Health Forum Physical inactivity risks Cornwall Local Authority File Edit Run View Help Cornwall Cohort 18 All risk Gender Male Female Baseline B amp Intervention I all become active Baseline B Stroke 159 Hypertension 2162 Diabetes 590 Colo rectal cancer 28 Coronary heart disease 129 Breast cancer 94 Dementia 112 S I Stroke 149 Hypertension 2129 Colo rectal cancer 26 Coronary heart disease 119 Breast cancer 86 Dementia 106 Intervention disease colour differs for B and I the number is the average expected disease exposure days per person Disease days Pr
9. 2232153 Difference B I 179439 323868 453452 560309 653810 734943 816334 Combined Costs Setup Costs Input and Output specification Graphics Output counts Output life death disease Output summary Help UK Health Forum All the outputs are saved in the output folder under the local authority and time and date of the run The counts by year can be found in the text file called BaseCounts txt The prevalence of the baseline scenario can be found in the text file called in BasePrev txt The costs for the baseline and intervention by year can be found in Costs txt The change in costs by year can be found in DiffCounts txt The intervention costs can be found in IntCounts txt The prevalence for the intervention can be found in IntPrev txt The summary of the run DALYs life expectancy etc can be found in summary txt 18 Date modified 30 03 2015 17 22 30 03 2015 17 22 30 03 2015 17 22 30 03 2015 17 22 30 03 2015 17 22 30 03 2015 17 22 30 03 2015 17 22 30 03 2015 17 22 30 03 2015 17 22 Type Text Document Text Document Text Document NHF File Text Document Text Document Text Document 1KB 1KB 1KB 2 KB 1KB 1KB 1 1 19 REFERENCES World Health Organization 2011 Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010 Retrieved from http whglibdoc who int publications 2011 9789240686458 eng pdf 20 Diseases Depression Dementia CHD Diabetes Stroke Hy
10. 7 Following the simulation run the programme simply scales the aggregated individual disease costs according to the relative disease prevalence in years after the start year In any year the total healthcare cost for the disease D is denoted Cp year If the prevalence of the disease is denoted Pp year we assume a simple relationship between the two of the form C year year for some constant Since these costs are based on NHS programme budget costs for the whole of the country the costs are multiplied by a ratio of the Local authority population relative to the English population For example to derive the costs for Ealing we 1 calculated a ratio for the Total Ealing population Total England population Ratio Populations Males Females Total England 26533969 27331848 53865817 Ealing 169844 169470 339314 0 006299 2 multiplied this ratio by the total output costs following the simulation these costs are based on total NHS costs for the country Therefore the costs were scaled for the size of the local authority
11. 800E 02 1 677E 02 1 558bE 02 1 464E 02 1 384E 02 1 316 02 raise 1 941E 02 1 866E 02 1 826E 02 1 782E 02 1 739E 02 1 727E 02 1 725 02 1 725 02 0 000E 00 2 073E 02 3 857E 02 5 480 02 7 074 02 8 659 02 1 014E 01 1 160E 01 1 310E 01 Setup Costs Input and Output run specification Graphics Output counts Output life death disease Output summary UK Health Forum 16 4 Output summary The user should be able to see a table with the summary of the run as well as data regarding life expectancies as well as DALYs gain per person UK Health Forum Physical inactivity risks Cornwall Local Authority File Edit Run View Help Key Value local authority Cornwall start year 2015 stop year 2030 2030 gender Male Female cohort 18 All risk intervention all become active life expectancy baseline 64 50 years life expectancy intervention 64 54 years life expectancy gain DALYs gain per person Setup Costs Input and Output run specification Graphics Output counts Output life death disease Output summary UK Health Forum 5 Costs Input and Output The programme uses 5 programme budget costs for each disease adjusted for local authority population However the user can change these costs if they would like IDALYs are disability adjusted life years One DALY is one lost year of healthy life The sum of these DALYs across the population or the bur
12. UK PEAT DJi Physical Activity Tool User Guide PAT4LG Version 1 0 eet 2 INSTALLING THE PROGRAM s eic cu xs aie sc a ae gu oad Std Da pend untae edad ssc ae ned 3 RUNNING THE SIMULAT ION rtp Ree recur a ud enit 5 p T i RR RENE ENT 14 REFERENCES RU BUND DON RUE LIMEN UU REID AME 20 BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is considered as one of the four main behavioural risk factors which increase the risk of several non communicable diseases NCDs World Health Organization 2011 Increasing the level of physical activity in a population reduces the risk of NCDs and delays the progression of some diseases This physical activity tool will enable the user to test the impact of different scenarios For example what are the health and cost impacts if all individuals in a given population meet the recommendations for physical activity Aims 1 To project the incidence and prevalence of physical inactivity related chronic diseases forward to 2035 The diseases included are coronary heart disease CHD stroke hypertension type 2 diabetes breast and colon cancers depression and dementia 2 To estimate the costs avoided of these diseases to the National Health Service NHS following interventions which increase physical activity A reference list of
13. al costs based on Hospital Episode Statistics Health and Social Care Information Centre 2014a Health and Social Care Information Centre 2014b It was assumed that the costs for each disease in that group are equal For example for upper gastro intestinal cancers we included oesophageal stomach small bowel pancreas liver and biliary cancer To find out the costs of oesophageal cancer we divided incidence of oesophageal cancer by total hospital episodes of gastro intestinal cancers and then multiplied the output by the total expenditure on gastro intestinal cancers For hypertension outpatient cases only were used to estimate the ratio for the NHS budget costs Inpatient data were excluded since hypertension patients are most likely to be seen within primary care and outpatient settings For hypertension outpatient cases only were used to estimate the ratio for the NHS budget costs Inpatient data were excluded since hypertension patients are most likely to be seen within primary care and outpatient settings Input costs based on NHS programme budget costs Costs in billion NHS Social care Hypertension 03294 00311 Coronary heart disease 1 4635 0 1343 Stroke 0 6757 0 1434 Diabetes 1 151 0 2306 Breast cancer 0 4477 0 0352 Colorectal cancer 0 3168 0 0297 Larynx cancer 0 0179 0 0038 Liver cancer 0 0265 0 0027 Oesophageal cancer 0 0518 0 0054 Oral and pharynx cancer 0 0569 0 0121 Liver disease liver cirrhosis 0 0716 0 003
14. den of disease can be thought of as a measurement of the gap between current health status and an ideal health situation where the entire population lives to an advanced age free of disease and disability 17 UK Health Forum Physical inactivity risks Cornwall Local Authority File Edit Run View Help Direct medical costs Social Care costs Combined Costs disease case year disease case year disease case year stoke 608 95 Stoke 262 e Hypertension 23 33 Hypertension 2 20 Hypertension 29 93 Diabetes 409 99 Diabetes 82 13 Diabetes 492 12 Colo rectal cancer 618 80 Colo rectal cancer 58 00 Colo rectal cancer 676 80 Coronary heart disease 1881 72 Coronary heart disease 169 27 Coronary heart disease 2050 99 Breast cancer 527 97 Breast cancer 41 48 Breast cancer 569 45 Dementia 658 52 Dementia 680 93 Dementia 1339 45 Estimated Direct medical costs Social Care Costs and Combined Costs by Baseline Intervention Difference year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Medical Costs Baseline B 58688864 58010576 57593996 57597300 57456596 57319068 57368416 57582096 Intervention I 58688864 57191896 56120024 55506272 54860152 54265484 53923360 53733084 Difference B I 0 778196 1407009 1994821 2480174 2915485 3290459 3677331 Social Care Costs Baseline B 13282937 13099475 12998256 13017045 12984939 12943554 12995052 13086672 Intervention I 13282937 12910688 12658604 12541662 12398777 12258557 12224806 1
15. e unabated Data pack This is a single file which contains all of the disease and population statistics required by the tool Disease exposure this refers to the number of days per person that an individual has a disease For example 500 diabetes days refers to the number of days an individual is alive and lives with a disease Distribution the frequency of various outcomes a sample population The frequency or count of the occurrences of values within a particular group or interval and in this way the table summarizes the distribution of values in the sample Incidence the occurrence of new cases of the disease not to be confused with prevalence Prevalence this is the total number of cases of a disease in a particular population This indicates how widespread the disease is Probability this is the chance of a disease occurring Probability always lies within 0 and 1 Simulation the imitation of a real world process or system over time in this case the simulation of a virtual local authority population Appendix 3 How are costs calculated Cost data were taken from National Health Service programme Budget costs NHS Networks 2014 Both direct health care costs and NHS social care costs were extracted for each disease When only total costs for a disease group were available e g total cost of upper gastro intestinal cancers the cost of an individual disease within that group was calculated as a proportion of the tot
16. elp UK Health Forum Step 5 allow input cost editing Select true if you would like to edit the cost inputs or false if you would like them to remain as the input costs 10 local authority start year stop year cohort gender single person risk single person age intervention become active 9 o tax rate Value Cornwall 2015 2030 18 to 39 At risk Male Female Not required Not required If you choose true you should navigate to the costs Input and Output tab Right click on the cost that you would like to change and select Allow Input Cost editing UK Health Forum Physical inactivity risks Cornwall Local Authority File Edit Run View Help Direct medical costs disease Stroke Hypertension Diabetes Colo rectal cancer Coronary heart disease 608 Breast cancer Dementia case year Social Care costs disease 95 Stroke 23 33 Allow Input Cost editing Fill from List Combined Costs disease Stroke Hypertension Diabetes Colo rectal cancer case year 25 53 492 12 676 80 2050 99 569 45 1339 45 Coronary heart disease Breast cancer Dementia Estimated Direct medical costs Social Care Costs and Combined Costs by Baseline Intervention Difference year Medical Costs Baseline B Intervention I Difference B I Social Care Costs Baseline B Intervention I
17. ilities of being alive and having a disease and the annual mean probability of being dead 3 154E 02 3 115E 02 3 052E02 2 999F 02 2 922F 02 2 850E 02 2 784E 02 2 729E 02 2 655 02 3 654E 01 3 681E 01 3 730E 01 3 732bE 01 3 765E 01 3 754E 01 3 764E 01 3 738E 01 3 750E 01 7 438bE 02 7 940E 02 8 396E 02 8 826E 02 9 213E 02 39 566E 02 9 899E 02 1 021E 01 1 049 01 1 400E 02 9 534 03 6 993E 03 5 521E 03 4 661E 03 4 030E 03 3 698E 03 3 500E 03 3 398E 03 2 212E 02 2 249E 02 2 253E 02 2 264 02 2 250E 02 2 240 02 2 226 02 2 226E 02 2 205 02 2 299E 02 2 136E 02 1 999E 02 1 883E 02 1 781E 02 1 680E 02 1 604E 02 1 541E 02 1 488 02 2 050E 02 1 973E 02 1 923E 02 1 904E 02 1 877E 02 1 848E 02 1848E 02 1 858bE 02 1 865 02 cohort post intervention annual mean probabilities of being alive and having a disease and the annual mean probability of being dead 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 3 154E 02 3 079E 02 2 990E 02 2 909E 02 2 811E 02 2 717E 02 2 633E 02 2 559E 02 2 469E 02 3 654E 01 3 670 01 3 706E 01 3 702bE 01 3 724E 01 3 708E 01 3 710E 01 3 681E 01 3 684E 01 7 438bE 02 7 852E 02 38 227E 02 8 582E 02 8 899 02 39 188E 02 9 461E 02 9 721E 02 9 951 02 1 400E 02 9 396E 03 6 770E 03 5 239E 03 4 339E 03 3 687E 03 3 335E 03 3 122bE 03 3 011E 03 2 212E 02 2 206 02 2 177E 02 2 156E 02 2 117E 02 2 084E 02 2 052E 02 2 030 2 1 994 02 2 299E 02 2 106E 02 1 942E 02 1
18. ive cost savings by year Help this contains the user guide glossary of terms and the method used for deriving costs 13 5 Once the tool has run there should be output tabs along the bottom of the page 1 Output Counts tab click the tab at the bottom of the screen The user should be able to see three tables e Baseline The number of people surviving in the cohort and the number of disease cases by year e Intervention The number of people surviving in the cohort and the number of disease cases by year e Changes The changes in the numbers in the cohort and the numbers of disease cases by year Right clicking on a specific disease in this table and selecting Draw Selected Disease cases by year will enable the user to plot changes in this disease for each year of the model simulation UK Health Forum Physical inactivity risks Cornwall Local Authority File Edit Run View Help Baseline B numbers surviving in the cohort and the numbers of disease cases by year year B number alive B stroke B hypertension 4 2015 418056 409389 13185 152757 2016 13022 153886 2017 401877 12759 155934 2018 395004 12537 156018 2019 388223 12215 157398 Intervention I numbers surviving in the cohort and the numbers of disease cases by year year number alive I stroke I hypertension 4 2015 2016 418056 409389 13
19. lts in the local authority who are above the age of 18 years old regardless of their risk the distributions of the three levels of the risks low medium and high are based on current distributions in local authorities 18 39 all risk This refers to all adults in the local authority who are 18 39 years old regardless of their risk 40 64 all risk This refers to all adults in the local authority who are 40 64 years old regardless of their risk 65 all risk This refers to all adults in the local authority who are 65 years above regardless of their risk 18 at risk This refers to all adults in the local authority who are above the age of 18 years old and are at risk At risk is assumed to be individuals who are inactive individuals 150 minutes week 18 39 atrisk This refers to all adults in the local authority who are 18 39 years old and are at risk At risk is assumed to be individuals who are inactive individuals 150 minutes week Setup Key cohort cohort gender single person risk single person age intervention become active set to Not required Step 4 Interventions UK Health Forum Physical inactivity risks File Edit Run View Help 2030 18 All risk ingle person a 18 to 39 All risk 40 to 64 All risk 65 All risk 18 only All risk 18 At risk 18 to 39 At risk Lall become active 75 40
20. n menu For example you can run the simulation starting in 2015 and end it in 2030 local authority start year _ stop year cohort cohort gender single person risk single person age intervention 9 o become active 9 o tax rate options allow input cost editing risk factor UK Health Forum Physical inactivity risks File Edit Run View Help Value Cornwall 2015 2030 4 18 to 39 At risk Male Female Not required Not required all become active 75 20 Comment the name of Local Authority the simulation s start year the simulation s stop year Cohorts are identified by their ages and their risk group in the start year the gender of the cohort members male female male and female mixed the initial risk factor level of the person in the single person cohort the initial age of the person in the single person cohort Interventions are identified by their impact on the risk factor the percentage of peole in the cohort who change to become active Setup Costs Input and Output Run specification Graphics Output counts Output life death disease Output summary Help UK Health Forum Step 3 Choose the cohort that you would like There are two options a Single person Select the age of the individual and the risk of your interest 1 3 min week Low risk corresponding to physical activity levels greater than or equal to 150min week
21. obability of having the disease probability alive has disease 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 UK Health Forum How to interpret the graph At baseline the average number of disease exposure days for hypertension is 2162 and diabetes is 590 per person Following the intervention all become active the average number of disease exposure days for hypertension is 2129 and diabetes is 563 You can right click on this graph This allows you to cycle graph mode to cycle through different types of graphics increase or decrease the precision of the y axis 15 save the graph as jpeg file to use the pictures in your reports take out diseases so that you can view other diseases on a more readable scale cycle graphmode Increase y axis precision decrease y axis precision save picture as jpeg Stroke Hypertension Diabetes Colo rectal cancer lt lt lt lt lt lt lt Coronary heart disease Breast cancer Dementia 3 Output life death disease The user should be able to see two tables e Baseline cohort The annual mean probability of being alive and to have a disease or to die e Cohort post intervention The annual mean probability of being alive and to have a disease or to die UK Health Forum Physical inactivity risks Cornwall Local Authority File Edit Run View Help cohort baseline annual mean probab
22. pertension Breast cancer Colorectal cancer Appendix 1 Data references Incidence Prevalence computed from prevalence Rait et al 2010 Smolina etal 2013 Alzheimer s Society 2014 BHF 2014 Personal communication Dr Craig Currie IDF 2012 BHF 2009 BHF 2014 computed from prevalence BHF 2012 CRUK 2011 CRUK 2011 Survival Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007 non fatal Mortality non fatal computed from previONS 2013 computed from previONS 2013 non fatal non fatal computed from previONS 2013 non fatal non fatal ONS 2012 CRUK 2012 ONS 2012 CRUK 2012 Health care Costs NHS England 2013 NHS England 2013 NHS England 2013 NHS England 2013 NHS England 2013 NHS England 2013 NHS England 2013 NHS England 2013 Social care costs NHS England 2013 NHS England 2013 NHS England 2013 NHS England 2013 NHS England 2013 NHS England 2013 NHS England 2013 NHS England 2013 Utility weights Hunter et al 2013 Sullivan etal 2011 Sullivan etal 2011 Sullivan etal 2011 Sullivan etal 2011 Sullivan etal 2011 Sullivan etal 2011 Sullivan etal 2011 RR physical activity US Surgeon General Report 2008 Blondell et al 2014 Li and Siegrist 2012 Jeon etal 2007 Li and Siegrist 2012 Huai etal 2013 Lee etal 2012 Wolin etal 2011 Appendix 2 Glossary of terms Baseline This refers to the steady state of the risk factor A scenario where no intervention occurs and trends continu
23. r impact on the risk factor 9 o become active 75 the percentage of peole in the cohort who change to become active 9 o tax rate 20 options allow input cost editing risk factor Run Cohort Setup Costs Input and Output Run specification Graphics Output counts Output death disease Output summary Help UK Health Forum Note Within the tool there is an option to display the age distribution of the population in your local authority of interest To do this select view in the main toolbar and choose the desired population pyramid to display Cornwall is displayed as an example below UK Health Forum Physical inactivity risks Cornwall Local Authority File Edit Run View Help males 0 259m Cornwall females 0 275m 90 0 8 90 1 9 80 89 4 6 80 89 6 3 70 79 9 2 70 79 9 5 60 69 14 9 60 69 14 9 50 59 13 5 50 59 13 7 40 49 13 8 40 49 14 1 30 39 10 4 30 39 10 3 20 29 11 0 20 29 10 1 10 19 12 0 10 19 10 7 0 9 9 6 0 9 3 6 Setup Costs Input and Output Run specification Graphics Output counts Output life death disease Output summary UK Health Forum This shows the total number of males and females in the local authority of interest and how they are distributed by age throughout the population Step 2 Select the start and stop year for the simulation using the drop dow
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