MicroCheck User Guide - National Milk Laboratories
Contents
1. Abbreviated hereafter as E The primary source of environmental pathogens is the surroundings in which a cow lives Housed cows are at greater risk from environmental mastitis than cows on pasture Sources of environmental pathogens include manure bedding feedstuffs dust dirt mud and water Low levels of some bacteria e g CNS can be treated with less urgency However different pathogens can have different infective doses It is therefore important to discuss result interpretation with your vet Presence of Streptococcus agalactiae and E Coli at any level should be looked at as a matter of priority It is important to discuss treatment options with your vet Page 14 MicroCheck User Guide 2011 Guidance Notes Staphylococcus aureus C Bacteria are shed from infected quarters in low numbers Damage to the udder tissue reduces milk yield significantly It is often resistant to some of the common antibiotics including penicillin and so it is important to use the correct antibiotics for treatment Culling may be an option for persistent S aureus cows Staphylococcus species Coagulase Negative Staphylococci CNS C Subclinical mastitis caused by intramammary infections IMI with coagulase negative staphylococci CNS is common in dairy cows and may cause herd problems Control of CNS mastitis is complicated by the fact that CNS contains a large number of different species and so veterinary advice should be sought CNS i2. PEA TV SONS era EEE E EE 10 The number of bacteria for Thermodurics Psychrotrophs and Coliforms doesn t add up to the TN A N IEE E E EAEN E E EE EE N N EE E EE TEA 10 Why do I have a high Coliform Thermoduric Psychrotroph Total Viable Count What do do Beg E ats E A ae een E N easels ae ec eet adsense a eee elses eee E seneaeeh ae tenaeetaaseaecte 10 Appendix OMG SOF EG xs sacs tint nee nee cooasecusnnest sesnanecuevanaptcccseneneaiiesashandanmocsaersnattesbrasceasenestaieoaneentens 11 How dol ACCESS TESUITS online cresxssicvectannaccns c densi E 11 Appendix 2 Individual Cow Mastitis ID guidance NOTES ccccccsssseecccceessececcceesececseeaeeeceesssaaeeeeeens 12 Appendix 3 Bulk Milk Mastitis ID guidance NOTES cccccsssseccccceessecceccaeesececeseeseceeseeaneceeseaaaeeeeseas 12 Appendix 4 Bacto Breakdown guidance notes ccccccccssssseccccceessecccceaeusecceesaesseceessauaseceessaaaeeseeeas 12 Customer Services Contact Details Customer Services on 0844 7255567 customerservices nmr co uk Page 5 MicroCheck User Guide 2011 Introduction MicroCheck products NML is committed to supplying a high quality and efficient testing service for its clients Milk buyers farmers and vets have been routinely using NMLs MicroCheck services since 2004 NMLs services include milk quality testing antibiotic contaminant testing traditional microbiology and modern molecular biology NML have worked hard t
3. milk cheque not just in terms of payment penalties but also lost production and poor animal health h gt The MICROCHECK service will help you take the guess work out of milk quality management Our testing is carried our using cutting edge PCR technology which identifies the DNA of mastitis causing pathogens In addition the laboratory uses traditional culture methods to identify bacteria which cause issues in the bulk tank or milking plant Results can be reported by fax post or email as well as through the Micro Monitor site Mastitis results using PCR technology are usually available within 24 hours of the sample reaching the laboratory Culture results are available within five working days Results can be viewed by your veterinary surgeon for their detailed interpretation and you should then seek their advice on the best course of action to take Bacto Breakdown Suite The Bacto Breakdown Mastitis ID is a test suite NMR Mastitis tracker suite detects plant which detects mastitis uses monthly NMR hygiene pathogens and causing pathogens in recording samples to mastitis causing individual cow or quarter provide information on pathogens in bulk tank milk samples pathogens present in milk samples selected groups of cows including persistent high Page 12 MicroCheck User Guide 2011 If you select Mastitis ID suite you are given a list of test reports displayed below Mastitis ID Reports Below is a list of Ma
4. of the mammary gland has occurred Because CNS is commonly found on teat skin and in the streak canal they are a common cause of contamination of milk samples Repeated isolation from a particular quarter sampled multiple times builds the case for a persistent and important infection Isolation in association with elevated SCC also supports the diagnosis of mastitis versus non significant infection The most likely mastitis causing bacteria should be ruled out before CNS is considered significant in suspected mastitis cases Streptococcus agalactiae C Very high numbers of bacteria are shed and the cell counts can be as high as 10 million without any clinical signs Herd cell counts also increase considerably with this form of mastitis Careful attention to teat dipping and dry cow therapy is essential in controlling this organism Streptococcus dysgalactiae C is usually associated with teat injury either chaps or physical damage that may be caused by poor milking machine function Essential to assess teat condition and consider having the parlour tested Infections tend to be subclinical Streptococcus uberis E A common cause of new infection in the dry period and outbreaks can occur at pasture It can produce mild to severe mastitis that can be difficult to treat It can be shed in very high numbers by infected quarters Sub clinical infections may occur resulting in high cell count COWS Escherichia coli E coli E Effective cont
5. High _ Interpretation ce Negative not detected Positive in moderate numbers Positive in high numbers Where gt 90 or gt 99 of the bacterial load is attributed to one pathogen this will appear in the report POS TAA Positive in tow numbers Pathogens can be split roughly into two groups 1 Contagious mastitis pathogens Staphylococcus aureus other Staphylococcal species Corynebacterium bovis Streptococcus agalactiae amp Streptococcus dysgalactiae Abbreviated hereafter as C These organisms gain entrance into the mammary gland through the teat canal Contagious organisms are well adapted to survival and growth in the mammary gland and frequently cause infections lasting weeks months or years The infected gland is the main source of these organisms in a dairy herd and transmission of contagious pathogens to uninfected quarters and cows occurs mainly during milking time 2 Environmental mastitis pathogens Streptococcus uberis E coli Enterococcus species Serratia marcescens Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Klebsiella spp Abbreviated hereafter as E The primary source of environmental pathogens is the surroundings in which a cow lives Housed cows are at greater risk from environmental mastitis than cows on pasture Sources of environmental pathogens include manure bedding feedstuffs dust dirt mud and water Low levels of some bacteria e g CNS can be treated with less urgency However different pathogens can
6. MicroCheck User Guide Frequently Asked Questions The following document provides answers to the most frequently asked questions concerning microbiology tests offered by National Milk Laboratories national milk laboratories Microbiology Unit National Milk Laboratories March 2011 Contents Customer Services Contact Details cccccccsssssssecccccecseeesececcccesseeeeeeeccceessaueusseeeceeessuugusseeeseeeessaggassss 4 MUOU TION gta ceeesises cate E E E E A stuesveusenense E E 5 Micro heck PDrodUC ose ctr aenn EE EEE 5 Tec MENON eer E T 5 What GCP CR TESNE Caran 5 How does qPCR compare to bacterial culture sssssesssserssssressrrrsrrresrrnsrressrensrrrerteserreererereeserrsens 6 Wrot ka somauc tell Count oeoereker niare E E E 6 Why do I have a negative result for all the bacteria but a high somatic cell count eesse 6 WY GON havea SCCreading ssesassinsnrseian EE TE 6 Why does it say Insufficient Sample Size seessssessensssrenserrrrssrrresrreresrrressrerssreresererssrereserereseerese 7 have always used bacterial culture do you Still Offer this sssssesssesrsssrrnerrresrresrrrerrrrsrrrerrreses 7 MS PV GS eerste orn E E N E E A A E cin ineteoren taeda ta pores uae ben mesa cneees 7 What is the difference between a Bacto Breakdown and a Mastitis ID nsnsessssssseeresssssssrereee 7 What is Mastitis Tracker and how do order it 00 eeeeesccccccceeeesseeecccceesaeeeseeecceseesaueeseeeeeeeeeseaas 8 W
7. T HYGIENE REPORT Total Viable Count 30 C A measure of all bacteria in the milk Somatic Cell Count cells ml Coliforms 30 C Thermodurics Bacteria that withstand high temperatures and grow in dirty Psychrotrophs 22 C Bacteria able to grow at refrigeration temperatures can be found in water and bedding Indicated problem hygiene of production Overall hygiene of production Target levels lt 150 000 150 000 250 000 gt 250 000 Recommended actions Investigate bacteria from the udder environment check plant and or bulk tank Investigate bacteria from the udder environment check plant and or bulk tank Review of mastitis management to prevent spread of infection Check plant cleaning Review pre milking teat preparation Pre dipping recommended Poor plant cleaning Ensure the boiler is heating correctly check wash concentrations volumes of solution etc Check milk cooling and bulk tank cleaning Review pre milking teat pi eparahon FURTHER ADVICE ON INTERPRETING THESE RESULTS PLEASE CONSULT YOUR VET OR MILK QUALITY CONSULTANT 2011 For more information on any of our services please call customer services on 0844 7255567 ML national milk laboratories www nationalmilklaboratories co uk 1108 200411
8. ance notes qPCR individual cow test result interpretation This test is designed to detect the presence of 11 key mastitis pathogens responsible for gt 95 of cases along with penicillin resistance in Staphylococcus species Results are reported according to the level of bacteria detected in preserved milk Bacterial growth in transit does not occur but multiple pathogens can be detected Result Interpretation Mastitis Pathogens Negative not detected Positive in low numbers Positive in moderate numbers Positive in high numbers Where gt 90 or gt 99 of the bacterial load is attributed to one pathogen this will appear in the report Pathogens can be split roughly into two groups 1 Contagious mastitis pathogens Staphylococcus aureus other Staphylococcal species Corynebacterium bovis Streptococcus agalactiae amp Streptococcus dysgalactiae Abbreviated hereafter as C These organisms gain entrance into the mammary gland through the teat canal Contagious organisms are well adapted to survival and growth in the mammary gland and frequently cause infections lasting weeks months or years The infected gland is the main source of these organisms in a dairy herd and transmission of contagious pathogens to uninfected quarters and cows occurs mainly during milking time 2 Environmental mastitis pathogens Streptococcus uberis E coli Enterococcus species Serratia marcescens Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Klebsiella spp
9. e which pathogen is present to ensure the correct antibiotic is being used but it can take at least two weeks before dead bacteria are flushed out Plant Hygiene The number of bacteria for Thermodurics Psychrotrophs and Coliforms doesn t add up to the Total Viable Count TVC why not The results depend on the spread of the bacteria within the milk as it is shared between the tests There may also be additional organisms making up the TVC that are not covered by thermodurics psychrotrophs and coliforms Why do I have a high Coliform Thermoduric Psychrotroph TVC What do I do Refer to the Bacto Breakdown guidance notes attached in the appendix National Milk Laboratories is not a farm consultancy firm and we can only advise customers to speak to milk hygiene consultants or veterinary practitioners Page 11 MicroCheck User Guide 2011 Appendix 1 Online reporting How do I access results online Both farmers and vets can access all test results via the Herd Companion website http www nmr co uk herd companion When you access the main menu click on the Micro Monitor for Microbiology results Main Menu Welcome to Herd Companion PRO KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS r lt T EJHerdWise EEN a REPORTS Within Micro Monitor you can select the report you wish to view see figure below Welcome to Micro Monitor High somatic cell count and bactoscan results can have a major impact on your
10. ections are associated with environmental mastitis Serratia marcescens E Infection can be sub clinical or clinical Treatment with antibiotics results in poor cure rates and is not recommended Corynebacterium bovis C Sources of C bovis are infected udders and teat canal Spread of C bovis is from cow to cow at milking Proper post milking teat disinfection of cows with an efficacious germicidal teat dip will control the spread from cow to cow Most cases are not clinical Dry cow therapy is very effective to eliminate C bovis intramammary infection Arcanobacterium pyogenes E Sources include wound infections teat injuries udder infections abscesses and genital tracts Soread may be due to contact of teats with a contaminated environment A pyogenes may be transmitted by flies Control measures include fly control programs maintaining cows in clean and dry calving areas drying up killing affected quarters to reduce the risk of spreading the infection to other cows and removing the affected cow from the herd A pyogenes often cause an acute mastitis Infections occur most frequently in dry cows or heifers before calving Penicillin Resistance Staphylococcal beta lactamase gene If a positive Staph result is detected this applies to both Staph aureus and Staph spp results the susceptibility of the pathogen to penicillin is also measured This is reported as follows Susceptible to penicillin suitable for use in treat
11. esh frozen or bronopol preserved Ensure preservative is mixed thoroughly and if the sample already has clots a SCC result will not be obtained Results In what form can I receive my results e Post e Fax e Email e Herd Companion website Micro Monitor Passwords are available from NMR Page 9 MicroCheck User Guide 2011 Why did I not receive my qPCR results the same day the sample was received It is stated that we aim to return results the same day but this is not a guaranteed service for the following reasons e DNA is extracted from the samples the same day but only so many samples can fit into the machine therefore samples received first are tested first e The sample may have an Internal Amplification Control IAC failure IAC failures are caused by large quantities of bacterial DNA competing and inhibiting the reaction The test is repeated with diluted DNA and the result calculated to account for the dilution used I have ordered a Bacto Breakdown but I have only received one report why Bacto Breakdowns generate 2 reports e qPCR report sent as soon as the testing is completed usually within 24 hours e Plant hygiene culture report within 5 working days How do I obtain my Herd Companion username and password As an NMR NML customer you will have an assigned username and password If you give your details to customer services they will be able to issue you with your access details Can my vet access my re
12. hat are the costs for testing veterinary pricelists are available ccecccccscssseeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 8 Do you offer antibiotic sensitivity on the bacterial targets identified ccceeeccceeeseeeeeeeeeeees 8 SAN OC GGG OI sea E A E 8 Howcansanmples be sent IN acca cecctereensenacntescceensauecavetseesucecesetaenseycuneicasncesesesnin ee eeuenensaucecaesunceseeceues 8 RS ES arses E E A E A E E E N EA E E E ea eee 8 In what form can receive my results sosssuseseesesrrrsssrrresrrereserresrrerssrrresererssreresereresrereserereseerese 8 Why did I not receive my qPCR results the same day the sample was received anecs 9 have ordered a Bacto Breakdown but have only received one report why eessesssesessrrere 9 How do obtain my Herd Companion username and password ssssssssesseesesreresrreserreresrrerereerese 9 Can my vet access my results ON Herd COMPANION cccccceeecccsecceeeececeseceeecsceueceeeueceeeeseeeseees 9 How do know when results have arrived sssssssenesssssssereresssssserrreesssssrreresssssserereessssserereeessse 9 Aer ON ar E E E E E E heenesee 10 OP R e E E E E 10 What do I do about this particular pathogen esseessesssseesesrrnsssreresrreessreresrrenssreresereessrereserereseeee 10 Can samples that have been used for Payment testing be tested for Mastitis ID 10 Can still have a qPCR test if the cow is being treated with antibiotics eeeeseseeeecrererrereenn 10
13. have different infective doses It is therefore important to discuss result interpretation with your vet Presence of Streptococcus agalactiae and E Coli at any level should be looked at as a matter of priority It is important to discuss treatment options with your vet Page 17 MicroCheck User Guide 2011 Guidance Notes Staphylococcus aureus C Bacteria are shed from infected quarters in low numbers Damage to the udder tissue reduces milk yield significantly It is often resistant to some of the common antibiotics including penicillin and so it is important to use the correct antibiotics for treatment Culling may be an option for persistent S aureus cows Staphylococcus species Coagulase Negative Staphylococci CNS C Subclinical mastitis caused by intramammary infections IMI with coagulase negative staphylococci CNS is common in dairy cows and may cause herd problems Control of CNS mastitis is complicated by the fact that CNS contains a large number of different species and so veterinary advice should be sought CNS is of low pathogenicity Infections are usually subclinical and result in quarter somatic cell counts SCC only about two to three fold above that of uninfected glands Despite their low pathogenicity CNS infections can occasionally contribute to clinical cases of mastitis in dairy herds but are rarely a major cause A positive result may show recovery of an organism but this does not mean inflammation
14. ion testing Uncontrolled microbial growth in raw milk Can use bronopol preserved milk Identify 7 targets presumptive Identifies 12 targets including the staphylococcus penicillin resistance gene Expertise and biochemical antibiotic tests for Ease of use and unambiguous interpretation of beta lactamase resistance are unreliable results What is a somatic cell count Somatic cells are bacteria fighting cells or white blood cells that move to an infection site e g udder and minimize the infection It can be indicative of sub clinical mastitis i e where cows exhibit no outward signs of mastitis SCC is important for identifying the problem in the first instance to indicate that a mastitis ID needs to be performed and so then the specific bug bacteria can be identified The test can be carried out on both bulk milk samples and individual cow samples Kits are available and preservative can be used if no culture testing is required Why do I have a negative result for all the bacteria but a high somatic cell count Test Suite Question Bacto Breakdown Plant Hygiene Has the sample been frozen The bacteria have been killed and are no longer viable to culture Freezing can cause ice crystals to form which can cause lesions to the cell membrane of bacterial cells Mastitis ID Was the preservative provided with the kit used Further possible reasons for high somatic cell counts but negative qPCR results 1 There are man
15. lour tested Infections tend to be subclinical Corynebacterium bovis C Sources of C bovis are infected udders and teat canal Spread of C bovis is from cow to cow at milking Proper post milking teat disinfection of cows with an efficacious germicidal teat dip will control the spread from cow to cow Most cases are not clinical Dry cow therapy is very effective to eliminate C bovis intramammary infection Streptococcus uberis E A common cause of new infection in the dry period and outbreaks can occur at pasture It can produce mild to severe mastitis that can be difficult to treat It can be shed in very high numbers by infected quarters Sub clinical infections may occur resulting in high cell count COWS Escherichia coli E coli E Effective control includes general cow and bedding hygiene and to prevent dry teat end exposure Also pre dipping and drying teats prior to milking may reduce infection during lactation Page 15 MicroCheck User Guide 2011 Enterococcus faecalis and or faecium E These bacteria are found in the gut and are an indicator of faecal contamination Recommended control procedures include effective milking time hygiene and pre and post milking teat disinfection Klebsiella spp E This is a member of the coliform family are found in the faeces in bedding and on wet dirty udders Can cause transient peracute or acute mastitis They often increase in numbers in warm wet weather Coliform inf
16. lso used for a variety of other tests Payment tests for the milk buyers will take priority over any other tests including MicroCheck I have always used bacterial culture do you still offer this Yes we do to an extent Within our Bacto Breakdown service we culture for total viable counts all live bacteria within the sample Psychotrophs bacteria that can grow at refrigerated temperatures Coliforms indicative of faecal contamination and Thermodurics bacteria that can withstand pasteurization at 63 5 C Test Types What is the difference between a Bacto Breakdown and a Mastitis ID Bacto Breakdowns utilise traditional bacteriology in addition to qPCR They are performed on bulk tank samples and provide information concerning Plant farm hygiene and also provide an overview of mastitis within the herd Mastitis ID can either be performed on a bulk tank sample to give an overview of the infection level within the herd or be performed on individual cow samples It is simply the identification of pathogens through qPCR The following table details the tests included within each test suite Individual Test Bacto Breakdown Mastitis ID Total Viable Count TVC is a measure of all bacteria that is alive in the milk sample Coliforms are indicative of faecal environmental contamination Thermodurics are bacteria that can withstand pasteurization at 63 5C Psychrotrophs are bacteria that are able to grow at refrigerated temperat
17. ment Resistant to penicillin do not use in treatment Resistant to penicillin do not use in treatment Resistant to penicillin do not use in treatment Presence of the Staphylococcal beta lactamase gene in the sample indicates there is likely to be some penicillin resistance in the herd You should discuss mastitis treatment options with your vet Next steps e Always discuss treatment of individual cows with your vet e If gram positive bacteria or fungi are suspected in rare cases consider the use of culture testing available through your vet In the case of environmental pathogens consider the use of pre dipping and drying of teats at milking Check udders for injury and discuss treatment with your vet Ensure milking machine function is optimal Results available through Micro Monitor on the Herd Companion website via www nmr co uk Please contact customer services for your free Page 16 MicroCheck User Guide 2011 Appendix 3 Bulk Milk Mastitis ID guidance notes qPCR bulk milk test result interpretation This test is designed to detect the presence of 11 key mastitis pathogens responsible for gt 95 of cases along with penicillin resistance in Staphylococcus species Results are reported according to the level of bacteria detected in preserved milk Bacterial growth in transit does not occur but multiple pathogens can be detected Result Interpretation Mastitis Pathogens Result Low Medium
18. o ensure that customers can obtain results with ease in a timely manner This guide is intended to provide answers to common questions regarding NMLs Microbiology services These services include e qPCR e Basic somatic cell counts SCC e Culture testing Each of these will be addressed in turn It is important to note that SCCs are included within the Bacto Breakdown and Mastitis ID test suites Test methods What is qPCR testing Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction qPCR is a molecular biological method for amplifying a specific DNA sequence within a sample The reaction involves a DNA binding fluorescent dye and requires a cyclical heating and cooling program As specific DNA is formed the fluorescence proportional to the amount of DNA accumulating is measured after each heat cool cycle If more DNA was present at the start it takes a lower number of cycles for the amount of DNA to cross a threshold Ct value This method tells you whether a pathogen was present and by how much 50000 45000 Sample A 1 000 000 DNA copies Sample B 4 000 DNA copies 40000 35000 30000 25000 Fluorescence 20000 15000 Sample A has a Ct of is 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Cycle number Sample B has ISRA a Ct of 28 5000 4 Threshold level Page 6 MicroCheck User Guide 2011 How does qPCR compare to bacterial culture Culture qPCR 48 hours plus additional 24 hours for 3 4 hours confirmat
19. rol includes general cow and bedding hygiene and to prevent dry teat end exposure Also pre dipping and drying teats prior to milking may reduce infection during lactation Enterococcus faecalis and or faecium E These bacteria are found in the gut and are an indicator of faecal contamination Recommended control procedures include effective milking time hygiene and pre and post milking teat disinfection Klebsiella spp E This is a member of the coliform family are found in the faeces in bedding and on wet dirty udders Can cause transient peracute or acute mastitis They often increase in numbers in warm wet weather Coliform infections are associated with environmental mastitis Page 18 MicroCheck User Guide 2011 Serratia marcescens E Infection can be sub clinical or clinical Treatment with antibiotics results in poor cure rates and is not recommended Arcanobacterium pyogenes E Sources include wound infections teat injuries udder infections abscesses and genital tracts Soread may be due to contact of teats with a contaminated environment A pyogenes may be transmitted by flies Control measures include fly control programs maintaining cows in clean and dry calving areas drying up killing affected quarters to reduce the risk of spreading the infection to other cows and removing the affected cow from the herd A pyogenes often cause an acute mastitis Infections occur most frequently in dry cows or heife
20. rs before calving Penicillin Resistance Staphylococcal beta lactamase gene If a positive Staph result is detected this applies to both Staph aureus and Staph spp results the susceptibility of the pathogen to penicillin is also measured This is reported as follows Result Low Medium High Interpretation Susceptible to penicillin suitable for use in treatment Resistant to penicillin do not use in treatment Resistant to penicillin do not use in treatment Resistant to penicillin do not use in treatment Presence of the Staphylococcal beta lactamase gene in the sample indicates there is likely to be some penicillin resistance in the herd You should discuss mastitis treatment options with your vet As with all results we recommend you analyse these in conjunction with your veterinarian who will be able to give you advice on management and treatment of mastitis Next steps Identify problem cows using NMR records and veterinary guidance Discuss the need for further sampling with your vet Send samples kits available from NML for qPCR testing Testing can be carried out on existing NMR samples blue sample form required Results available through Micro Monitor on the Herd Companion website via www nmr co uk Please contact customer services for your free username and password Page 19 MicroCheck User Guide Appendix 4 Bacto Breakdown guidance notes BACTO BREAKDOWN GUIDANCE NOTES PLAN
21. s of low pathogenicity Infections are usually subclinical and result in quarter somatic cell counts SCC only about two to three fold above that of uninfected glands Despite their low pathogenicity CNS infections can occasionally contribute to clinical cases of mastitis in dairy herds but are rarely a major cause A positive result may show recovery of an organism but this does not mean inflammation of the mammary gland has occurred Because CNS is commonly found on teat skin and in the streak canal they are a common cause of contamination of milk samples Repeated isolation from a particular quarter sampled multiple times builds the case for a persistent and important infection Isolation in association with elevated SCC also supports the diagnosis of mastitis versus non significant infection The most likely mastitis causing bacteria should be ruled out before CNS is considered significant in suspected mastitis cases Streptococcus agalactiae C Very high numbers of bacteria are shed and the cell counts can be as high as 10 million without any clinical signs Herd cell counts also increase considerably with this form of mastitis Careful attention to teat dipping and dry cow therapy is essential in controlling this organism Streptococcus dysgalactiae C is usually associated with teat injury either chaps or physical damage that may be caused by poor milking machine function Essential to assess teat condition and consider having the par
22. stitis ID tests which have been conducted click on the report column to view a chosen report Batch Number Sample Number Sample Date Report 600125366 1766 02 09 2010 Mastitis ID 80012535B 3170 02 09 2010 Mastitis ID 80012535B 4 02 09 2010 Mastitis ID 80012536B T563 02 09 2010 Mastitis ID 80012535B 367 02 09 2010 Mastitis ID 600125366 f616 02 09 2010 Mastitis ID 60012535B 7691 02 09 2010 Mastitis ID 600125366 tate 02 09 2010 Mastitis ID 600125356 6671 02 09 2010 Mastitis ID 60012536B 9044 02 09 2010 Mastitis ID Individual Cow Testing To use the Mastitis ID service you need to order a sample testing kit Once samples have been taken these can be returned to the lab in the pre paid packaging supplied To order a Mastitis If you click on any of the reports it will display the test results for that individual animal An example report is displayed below NML Mastitis ID Report Sample Type Individual Sample Date 02 09 2010 Test Date 06 09 2010 Test Location MMIL Wolves Test Prevalence Level Result Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus species CNS Li Contagious Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus dysgalactiae Corynebacterium Bovis Streptococcus uberis Environmental Klebsiella species A pyogenes ond F indolicus Penicillin Staphylococcal amp resistance lactamase gene PO UA Escherichia cali a Page 13 MicroCheck User Guide 2011 Appendix 2 Individual Cow Mastitis ID guid
23. sults on Herd Companion If farmers sign an access agreement form their vet will be able to instantly access health and testing reports We recommend that farmers ensure their vet is informed of their test results and Herd Companion is a quick and easy way of doing this How do I know when results have arrived If we have an email address for the farmer an automated email will be sent to ensure the farmer and the vet see above is informed that results are available via Herd Companion Page 10 MicroCheck User Guide 2011 Interpretation qPCR What do I do about this particular pathogen Customers are advised to consult their vet regarding result interpretation It is important to remember that it isn t always the most abundant organism that is the cause of the infection Refer to Mastitis ID guidance notes attached in the appendix Can samples that have been used for Payment testing be tested for Mastitis ID Testing samples through the payment machinery requires that samples are heated which kills bacteria With previous testing methods this was an issue as viable pathogens were required However qPCR technology amplifies bacterial DNA and therefore viable bacteria are not required Can I still have a qPCR test if the cow is being treated with antibiotics Milk from cows being treated with antibiotics can be tested however the test will not distinguish between living and dead bacteria This is useful if you wish to determin
24. ures Mastitis ID for 11 key mastitis causing pathogens along with Staphylococcus spp penicillin resistance using qPCR Page 8 MicroCheck User Guide 2011 What is Mastitis Tracker and how do I order it NMR Mastitis Tracker offers Mastitis qPCR testing to producers using NMR samples It is designed to act as a surveillance tool to track pathogen prevalence on farm Samples from clinical cows should be tested using Mastitis ID kits rather than waiting until milk recording to avoid delay in obtaining results Mastitis Tracker is an option on the NMR blue submission forms What are the costs for testing veterinary pricelists are available Test Suite Price Ad hoc Bacto Breakdown 45 VAT per sample Quarterly Surveillance Bacto Breakdown 4 per 150 VAT per year year tested automatically using NML sample 1 5 Mastitis IDs ordered in one go 17 50 VAT per sample gt 5 Mastitis IDs ordered in one go 15 VAT per sample 1 5 Mastitis Tracker samples 14 00 VAT per sample gt 5 Mastitis Tracker samples 13 00 VAT per sample Do you offer antibiotic sensitivity on the bacterial targets identified We do not offer antibiotic sensitivity testing however we do identify the Staphylococcus penicillin resistant gene B lactamase Sample Condition How can samples be sent in Test Suite Condition Bacto Breakdown Fresh samples only either sent with ice packs or transported in a refrigerated van Mastitis ID Fr
25. y mastitis causing pathogens in milk we only test for 11 and it could therefore be something else that we don t identify Further analysis is provided by other testing agencies 2 Malfunctioning machinery such as excessive liner slippage or fluctuating vacuum levels can lead to teat damage and high levels of mastitis infection Why don t I have a SCC reading If it states Sour Milk Unreadable for a mastitis sample then either the milk was already clotted upon leaving the cow or the preservative pill was not mixed thoroughly enough in the sample to prevent souring If there are lumps in the milk it cannot pass through the fine tubing to obtain a somatic cell count reading Page 7 MicroCheck User Guide 2011 Always ensure when sending Bacto Breakdowns that ice packs are included with samples for cooling and use the insulated box provided to prevent the milk from souring quickly in the post However if there is high bacterial content the milk may sour more rapidly regardless of the presence of an ice pack Psychrotrophs can grow at refrigeration temperatures and therefore if present can still cause the milk to sour There have been examples of milk that has reached NML within 24 hours of sampling that has still been sour For mastitis ID testing always use the preservative provided Why does it say Insufficient Sample Size Insufficient sample size means that there was not enough milk provided or that the storage sample was a
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search