Operating Instructions - York Survey Supply Centre
Contents
1. back of the instrument below the serial number contact York Survey Supply Centre for details Fig 4 The balancing zones Declination The compass reads magnetic north which differs from true north by the amount of the local declination which is printed on your map In order to lay out on a map a bearing obtained with the compass the plus or minus declination for the locality in question must be added to or subtracted from the compass bearing Deviation Iron and steel objects close to the compass like a wristwatch or steel rimmed spectacles may cause deviation Whenever possible remove such objects to a safe distance Large structures like buildings reinforced concrete quays etc will cause deviation at some distance A reverse sighting from the opposite end of the target line will show up any deviation present Operation With both eyes open aim the compass so that the hairline is superimposed on the target when viewed through the lens The main scale large numbers gives the bearing from your position to the target the small numbers give a reverse bearing from the target to your position This feature is of great assistance when calculating a precise position Use the left or the right eye as preferred With both eyes open an optical illusion makes the hairline appear to continue above the instrument frame superimposed on the target This improves reading accuracy and speed Because of an eye condition called heter2. is cot 15 x 1 6km cot 15 x 1 mile 3 7 miles along the corrected bearing line of 64 CLINOMETER Construction The scale card is supported by a jewel bearing assembly and all moving parts are immersed in a damping liquid inside a high strength hermetically sealed plastic container The liquid dampens all undue scale vibrations and permits a smooth shockless movement of the scale card Instructions for Use Readings are usually taken with the right eye Owing to differences in the keenness of the sight of the eyes and because of personal preferences the use of the left eye is sometimes easier It is of prime importance that both eyes are kept open the supporting hand must not obstruct the vision of the other eye The instrument is held in front of the Mdi en eit reading eye so that the scale can be SCALE SCALE read through the eyepiece and the round side window faces to the left The instrument is aimed at the object by raising or lowering it until the horizontal hairline is sighted against the point to be measured The position of the hairline now on the scale is the reading Owing HAIRLINE to an optical illusion the hairline EXTENDED cross hair seems to continue outside at et the housing and is thus easily observed against the sighted object Fig 7 THIRD SCALE IN SIDE WINDOW Fig 7 The hairline indicates the reading The left hand scale angle gives the slope angle in degrees from the horizontal plane
3. All readings on the percentage scale are based on the horizontal distance This means that if the distance on sloping terrain is measured along the ground an error is introduced and this must be corrected for accurate results The error is insignificant for most purposes at small ground slope angles but increases progressively as the angle increases The trigonometrical correlation is H h x cos a where H the true or corrected height h the observed height a the ground angle With the aid of the above equation the correction can also be made in the distance where h the distance measured along the ground H the horizontal distance sought If the corrected distance is used no correction in the height observed is needed When calculating the horizontal distance by using the ground distance and slope angle it must be pointed out that an error is introduced if the slope is measured from eye level to the pillar base Measuring the slope along the ground would be cumbersome and inconvenient No error is introduced however when the slope angle is measured from eye level to a sighting mark made or placed on the pillar at eye level Fig 11 whereby the two lines of measurement become parallel the true angle of slope is 9 degrees The example shown in Fig 11 illustrates both methods of calculation Fig 11 Calculating horizontal distance by using ground distance and slope angle Method 1 Measure the ground distance This is fou
4. at eye level The right hand scale gives the height of the point of sight from the same horizontal eye level and it is expressed in percent of the horizontal distance The following example illustrates the procedure The task is to measure the height of a pillar at a distance of 25m 82ft on level ground Fig 8 25 m 82 ft Fig 8 Measuring height of a pillar The instrument is tilted so that the hairline is seen against the pillar top apex The reading obtained wil be 48 ca 252 As the distance is 25m 82ft the height of the pillar is 48 100 x 25 ca 12m 48 100 x 82 ca 39ft To this must be added the eye s height from the ground e g 1 6m 5 4ft Their sum is 13 6m 447ft the height of the pillar In very exact measurements and particularly on sloping ground two readings are taken one to the top the other to the base of the pillar When the pillar base is below eye level the percentages obtained are added The total height is the sum percentage of the horizontal distance For example Fig 9 if the apex reading is 41 and the ground reading is 13 the total height of the pillar measured from a distance of 25m 82ft is 41 13 100 x 25m 54 100 x 25m ca 13 5m 41 13 100 x 82ft 54 100 x 82ft ca 4474ft 125 m aa i i5 m eti ft ia MR 3 25 m 13 F Soe x 10 A L janine eee 7 i iar 25 m B2 fi Fig 9 Taking two readings When the pillar base is abov
5. dem The Suunto Tandem is all you need for both slope height measurements and compass bearings It is a liquid filled precision compass and clinometer in one compact aluminium housing that is easy to use and rugged enough to protect against impact corrosion and water This top quality precision instrument combines precision accuracy with fast and easy one hand operation The pocket size construction renders the Suunto Tandem most suitable for every type of work Its unique shape makes it comfortable to hold in your hand The optics of the Tandem can be adjusted to make the reading easier The clinometer scale is in degrees and percent 0 90 0 150 while the compass scale is azimuth 0 360 with reverse scale Both the clinometer and the compass are graduated in 1 1 increments and each is individually calibrated The two edges at 90 angle make contact measurements possible for example when installing and positioning a satellite antenna ADJUSTING OPTICS The optics of the Tandem can be adjusted by turning the eyepiece with your fingers as shown in Figure 1 Adjust the eyepiece so that both the hairline and the scale are sharp and the eyepiece slot settles in a vertical position in the bearing compass and in a horizontal position in the clinometer CLEANING THE TANDEM In the case humidity or dirt develop inside the Tandem it can be cleaned by removing the detachable eyepiece The eyepiece can be removed by rotating it co
6. e eye level the base reading is subtracted from the apex reading and the total height is the difference percentage of the horizontal distance For example Fig 10 if the apex reading is 64 and the base reading 14 the total height is 64 14 100 x 25m 50 100 x 25m 12 5m 64 14 100 x 82ft 50 100 x 82ft 41ft When calculations are made mentally it is advisable to use measuring distances of 50 100 or 200 ft for the sake of simplicity see ah at eral ee a 25 m B2 R iia Fig 10 Pillar above eye level York Survey Supply Centre 2015
7. nd to be 25m 82ft Then measure the slope angle This is 9 Read percentages of top and ground points These are 29 and 23 Calculate 23 29 52 100 100 100 Take 52 of 25m 82ft This is 13m 42 6ft Multiply this by the cosine of 9 0 987 x 13m 12 8m 0 987 x 42 6ft 42ft Method 2 Multiply the ground distance by the slope angle cosine straight distance 0 987 x 25m 24 7m 0 987 x 82ft 80 9ft Add percentage readings as above and take the sum percentage of the corrected distance 52 100 x 24 7m 12 8m 52 100 x 80 9ft 42ft This example shows that a slope angle of 9 causes a correction of only 2 3 but when the slope angle is 35 degrees the correction means a reduction of about 18 in the observed height Nomographic Height Correction When the accompanying nomogram is used all correction calculations become unnecessary Only a ruler or some other convenient object with a straight edge is needed to obtain the nomographical solution The nomogram is used by placing the ruler so that its edge intersects the angle scale on the left at the slope angle point and the observed height scale on the right at the pertinent point The corrected height or distance is read at the point where the edge intersects the corrected height scale in the middle When using a measuring distance of 20m or 100ft along the ground the correction procedure becomes very simple No slope angle measurement is then necessary One
8. needs only the reading of the top point and that of the ground point Depending on the situation their sum or difference gives the apparent height directly in feet This is then corrected as follows First find on the right hand scale in the nomogram the point indicating the apparent height Secondly find on the left hand double scale the point indicating the ground point reading Thirdly connect these points The corrected reading will be found from the pertinent middle scale at the point of intersection In this procedure the slope angle can be neglected as the left hand ground point scale has been constructed so that both the ground slope angle and the average eye level height of 1 6m 5 5ft have been taken into account Fig 12 ISO 9001 SUUNTO Oy s Quality Assurance System is certified by Det Norske Veritas to be according to the ISO 9001 in all SUUNTO Oy s operations Quality Certificate No 96 HEL AQ 220 YORK Survey Supply Prospect House George Cayley Drive Clifton Moor York England YO30 4XE Tel 44 0 1904 692723 Fax 44 0 1904 690385 E Mail sales yorksurvey co uk www yorksurvey co uk Ref operat98 instructions 15 36027 qxp 05 01 15 Suunto Tandem Combination Compass Clinometer Code 36027 Operating Instructions York Survey Supply Centre 2015 Suunto Tandem Combination Compass Clinometer Two Precision Instruments in One Congratulations on your choice of the Suunto Tan
9. ophoria the reading accuracy of some users may be impaired Check for this as follows Take a reading with both eyes open and then close the free eye If the reading does not change appreciably there is no disalignment of the eye axes and both eyes can be kept open Should there be a difference in the readings keep the other eye closed and sight halfway above the instrument body The hairline now rises above the instrument body and is seen against the target Fig 5 Fig 5 The hairline is seen against the target The instrument can also be used for triangulation see Fig 6 The bearings obtained from the main scale are 0 against the hill and 64 against the curve of the road or 180 and 244 on the reverse scale Your own location is indicated by the intersection point of these two lines When performing very accurate positioning tasks the bearings obtained have to be corrected for local declination Fig 6 Triangulation The co tangent table at the back of the Tandem can be utilised for distance calculations and especially for locating position in cases where two landmarks are visible at a narrow angle This procedure is also illustrated in Fig 6 The angle between the curve of the road and the oil derrick is 15 A line is drawn at a 90 angle to the 64 bearing line from the curve of the road toward the oil derrick bearing line the distance as measured on the chart is 1 6km 1 mile Then your position
10. unter clockwise Fig 2 Rinse with clean water allow to dry and carefully reassemble the eyepiece Caution Do not use detergents or solvents of any kind as they might cause damage to the capsules i gl a r Fig 2 Removing the eyepiece z TWO CONTACT EDGES CONTACT MEASURING The Tandem can be used for aligning satellite dish antennae or for other types of contact measuring The clinometer incorporates two different contact edges see Fig 3 which enable the measurement to be made compared to the horizontal or vertical plane The scale 0 90 0 degrees can be used in contact measuring and it gives the angle of the surface compared to the contact plane Fig 3 Edges for contact measurement Ref operat98 instructions 15 36027 qxp 05 01 15 BEARING COMPASS Construction The bearing compass is designed to combine extreme accuracy with ease and speed of operation The card is supported by a jewel bearing and is immersed in a dampening fluid giving vibrationless smooth movement The compass has been given permanent antistatic treatment Inclination Balancing The compass card is balanced to correspond to the area within which the compass is used When using the compass elsewhere e g on trips abroad the change of the vertical magnetic field could make the compass card dip and this may cause difficulties in taking the bearing The balancing zone see Fig 4 if other than 1 is indicated on the
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