USER MANUAL - Kramer Electronics
Contents
1. SD 7208 using an insulated screwdriver Bear in mind the machines are factory pre adjusted for 1 1 transparency and unnecessarily trimming the output level will upset this transparency 10 2 Operation of the Digital Audio Distributors For AES EBU twisted pair connections as defined by AES3 1992 standard the SD 7816 DA should be used The signal is bi phase coded transformer coupled and transmitted in a balanced format on shielded twisted pair wires The signal level may be 2 to 7 volts peak to peak with a source impedance of 110 ohms The interconnecting cable should exhibit nominal 110 ohms characteristic impedance When connecting the source and the acceptors special attention should be paid to the polarity of the connections Measure the level of the input signal using an oscilloscope excluding overshoots and undershoots as shown in figure 8 Using this value set the DIP switches according to Table 6 Table 6 is based on the graph in figure 9 Professional format 110 ohm Balanced u y Bee t Volts peak to peak E S Figure 8 Signal peak to peak measurement KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 13 KRAMER Input Signal Volts P P 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Compensation Figure 9 Compensation level The AES and SMPTE committees established the standard interface for transmission of AES EBU data on coaxial cable sometimes referred to as AES3 ID For this type of interface the SD 7816B should be2. U S A 10 VA KRAMER 3 HOW DOI GET STARTED The fastest way to get started is to take your time and do everything right the first time Taking 15 minutes to read the manual may save you a few hours later You don t even have to read the whole manual If a section doesn t apply to you you don t have to spend your time reading it 4 UNPACKING AND CONTENTS The items contained in your Kramer SDI Digital Audio Distributor package are listed below Please save the original box and packaging materials for possible future shipment of the accessory SDI Digital Audio Distributor Kramer Concise Product Catalog Power cord 12 VDC wall transformer power supply for the 6104 This User Manual Rubber Feet VVVVV 5 OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES The following accessories which are available from Kramer can enhance implementation of your distributor For information regarding cables and additional accessories contact your Kramer dealer SD 7308 for switching between SDI sources The machine is a multi standard adjustment free 8x1 switcher for SDI serial digital video signals It accepts up to eight SDI inputs provides necessary buffering and reclocking and routes the selected source to four identical SDI outputs using BNC connectors It provides automatic equalization for losses typical with long runs of 75 ohm co axial cable Depending on the cable and video standard cable length of several hundred meters is possible Standard
3. an ERROR appears in a frame the RED LED is illuminated for about half a second 11 TAKING CARE OF YOUR MACHINE Do not locate your machine in an environment where it is susceptible to dust or moisture Both of these may damage the electronics and cause erratic operation or failure Do not locate your machine where temperature and humidity may be excessive Doing so may also damage the electronics and cause erratic operation or failure of your machine Do not clean your machine with abrasives or strong cleaners Doing so may remove or damage the finish or may allow moisture to build up Take care not to allow dust or particles to build up inside unused or open connectors KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 15 KRAMER 12 TROUBLESHOOTING NOTES 1 Please note that if the output signal is disturbed or interrupted by very strong external electromagnetic interference it should return and stabilize when such interference ends If not disconnect power from the machine and reconnect again to reset the machine 2 If the following recommended actions still do not result in satisfactory operation please consult your KRAMER Dealer 12 1 Power and Indicators No Power For the SD 7108 SD 7208 SD 7816 and SD 7816B confirm that the rocker switch is in the ON position and that the switch is illuminated For the SD 7108 SD 7208 SD 7816 and SD 7816B confirm that power connections are secured at the machine and at the receptacle Make sure the m
4. but when the line is extended with a few inches more the signal might crash completely without any warning Keep the length of the cables at the absolute minimum required The machines described in this manual have built in provisions to minimize signal loss and distortions The SDI inputs have built in cable equalization circuitries to compensate for high frequency cable losses as well as time base correction reclocking circuitries which eliminate signal jitter accumulated along the cables The reclocking circuitry regenerates the signals eliminating signal instability and potential cliff effects With the built in equalization and reclocking circuitries the distributors can be operated using cable lengths of hundreds of meters provided high quality cables are used 9 CONNECTING TO DIGITAL AUDIO DEVICES Digital audio sources and output devices may be connected to the Digital Audio Distributors through the detachable terminal block connectors or the BNC type connectors on the back panel Digital Audio signals have high frequency components and are thus sensitive to cable quality and length similar to the SDI signals Keep the length of the cables at the absolute minimum required The machines described in this manual have built in provisions to minimize signal loss and distortions They have built in cable equalization circuitries to compensate for high frequency cable losses as well as time base correction reclocking c
5. is also possible to e mail factory headquarters We welcome your questions comments and feedback KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 3 Am VeOlamo Street Jerusalem 95463 Israel Tel 972 2 654 4000 Fax 972 2 653 5369 E mail kramerel netvision net il
6. quality and cost effective solutions for a variety of applications Panel features of the 6104 are described in Figure 3 and Table 1 f Df j i T O l S Oo Figure 3 6104 Front Rear Panel Features Table 1 6104 Front Rear Panel Features Feature Fuin o i OUT 1 4 4 BNCs for connecting the SDI acceptors INPUT SDI input on a BNC connector ON LED Indicates that the machine is properly powered 12 VDC 12 Volts DC feed to the machine KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 7 KRAMER 6 2 Getting to Know Your SD 7108 Distributor Deserializer The Kramer SD 7108 is an adjustment free equalized reclocking multi standard Serial Video Distribution Amplifier In addition a parallel ECL reclocked output is also provided The machine provides automatic equalization for losses on the 75 ohm co axial cable up to 100s of meters of cable depending on the cable and the video standard and reclocks the output to provide 8 low jitter serial digital outputs Standard recognition is automatic and front panel LEDs indicate the detected standard 4f PAL 4fs NTSC Component 4 2 2 and 16 9 wide screen standards are all recognized The user may adjust the serial video output level The CARRIER LED indicates the detection of a signal at the input and the SYNC LED shows that horizontal synchronization has been detected The machine operates for both 10 bit and 8 bit video automatically recognizing the word length Panel feat
7. recognition is automatic and the machine switches during the vertical interval according to the SMPTE RP 168 standard A rear panel output level control is provided to optimize signal level The input select function of the SD 7308 can be controlled by front panel buttons and by RS 232 commands transmitted by a touch screen control system personal computer or other control system When no signal exists on a selected input the LED in the appropriate button flashes The SD 7308 automatically recognizes the word length for both 10 bit and 8 bit video SD 7388 an adjustment free 8x8 matrix switcher for SDI serial digital video signals It is a true matrix allowing any input to be routed to any or all outputs simultaneously It provides automatic equalization for losses on a 75 ohm co axial cable and reclocks each output to provide 8 low jitter serial digital outputs Video standard recognition is automatic and the SD 7388 switches during the vertical interval The SD 7388 accepts either analog or serial video as the external source for its vertical trigger and any output can be assigned as the sync source The SD 7388 can be controlled by front panel buttons RS 232 and RS 485 It is fully compatible with both 10 bit and 8 bit video automatically recognizing word length SD 7401 a multi standard adjustment free digital to analog converter designed to accept an SDI 4 4 2 serial digital video input and provide analog outputs in four common sign
8. 3 HOW LONG IS THE WARRANTY Labor and parts are warranted for three years from the date of the first customer purchase WHO IS PROTECTED Only the first purchase customer may enforce this warranty WHAT IS COVERED AND WHAT IS NOT COVERED Except as below this warranty covers all defects in material or workmanship in this product The following are not covered by the warranty Any product which is not distributed by Kramer or which is not purchased from an authorized Kramer dealer If you are uncertain as to whether a dealer is authorized please contact Kramer at one of the agents listed in the web site www kramerelectronics com Any product on which the serial number has been defaced modified or removed Damage deterioration or malfunction resulting from a Accident misuse abuse neglect fire water lightning or other acts of nature b Unauthorized product modification or failure to follow instructions supplied with the product c Repair or attempted repair by anyone not authorized by Kramer d Any shipment of the product claims must be presented to the carrier e Removal or installation of the product f Any other cause which does not relate to a product defect g Cartons equipment enclosures cables or accessories used in conjunction with the product WHAT WE WILL PAY FOR AND WHAT WE WILL NOT PAY FOR We will pay labor and material expenses for covered items We will not pay for the following Removal or
9. BNCs terminal blocks 1 16 or 2x1 8 Parallel Digital Video on DB25F connector ECL levels 8 reclocked SMPTE 259M Serial Video 75 ohms on BNCs with adjustable level 8 or 10 bits automatic 16 reclocked digital 16 reclocked digital audio 110 ohms on audio 75 ohms on detachable terminal BNCs 32 96 kHz sampling frequencies AES EBU IEC 958 S PDIF and EIAJ CP340 1201 32 96 kHz sampling frequencies AES EBU IEC 958 S PDIF and EIAJ CP340 1201 143Mb s 4fsc NTSC 177Mb s 4fsc PAL 270Mb s 4 2 2 Component 360Mb s 4 2 2 Widescreen Automatic Automatic up to 24 Automatic up to 24 dB of cable loss dB of cable loss Control NA Output level Output level Mode selection Mode selection Equalization level Equalization level Display Power ON LED Operating Standard LEDs 12cm X 7 5cm 19 1U rack X 2 5cm mountable 4 7 X 3 X 1 W D H Error and DATA Error and DATA existence LEDs for existence LEDs for each input channel each input channel 19 1U rack 19 1U rack mountable mountable Signal lock LED 19 1U rack mountable Weight 0 3 kg 0 67 2 5kg 5 5 Ibs 2 5kg 5 5 lbs 2 6 kg 5 7 lbs 2 6 kg 5 7 lbs Ibs Approx Approx Approx Approx Approx Power Source 12 VDC 250 230 VAC 115 mA VAC U S A 14VA KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 230 VAC 115 VAC U S A 10 VA 230 VAC 115 VAC U S A 10 VA 230 VAC 115 VAC
10. KRAMER KRAMER ELECTRONICS Ltd USER MANUAL SDI and Digital Audio Distribution Amplifiers Models 6104 SD 7108 SD 7208 SD 7816 SD 7816B IMPORTANT Before proceeding please read paragraph entitled Unpacking and Contents KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD P N 2900 006002 KRAMER Table Of Contents Section Name 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 10 1 10 2 10 2 1 10 2 2 11 12 12 1 12 2 Figure OMWNDMNHRWN e Table NnBRWN HE INTRODUCTION Digital and Analog Signals Several Points to Consider when Working with Digital Signals SDI Standards Factors Affecting Quality of Results SPECIFICATIONS HOW DOIGET STARTED UNPACKING AND CONTENTS OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES SDI AND DIGITAL AUDIO DISTRIBUTORS Getting to Know Your 6104 Distributor Getting to Know Your SD 7108 Distributor Deserializer Getting to Know Your SD 7208 Serializer Distributor Getting to Know Your SD 7816 Digital Audio Distributor Getting to Know Your SD 7816B Digital Audio Distributor INSTALLATION CONNECTING TO DIGITAL VIDEO DEVICES CONNECTING TO DIGITAL AUDIO DEVICES TURNING ON THE MACHINES Operation of the SDI Distributors Operation of the Digital Audio Distributors Programming Indication TAKING CARE OF YOUR MACHINE TROUBLESHOOTING Power and Indicators SDI and Digital Audio Signals Limited Warranty List Of Illustrations Digital eye Diagram The Digital eye after accumulating noise and jitter 6104 Front Rear Panel Fe
11. ains receptacle is active If still there is no power remove power cord from AC outlet and then using a flat head screwdriver remove the fuse holder located directly below the power connector on your machine Confirm that the fuse is good by looking for the wire connected between the ends of the fuse If the wire is broken replace the fuse with another with the same rating For the 6104 check for proper DC polarity and if needed carefully remove the cover of the machine and check the on board fuse Replace the fuse with an identical value fuse if necessary 12 2 SDI and Digital Audio Signals No video or audio at Confirm that your source and output devices are turned on and connected the output device properly The input of your machine should be of an identical signal format or standard as the output of your source Signals at the output of your machine should be of an identical signal format or standard as at the input of your display or acceptor Confirm that any other device in the signal path has the proper input and or output selected Confirm that the maximum cable length was not exceeded Disappearance of the SDI or the Digital Audio signals may be a result of the cliff effect KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 16 KRAMER LIMITED WARRANTY Kramer Electronics hereafter Kramer warrants this product free from defects in material and workmanship under the following terms 2 3 1 2 3 1 2
12. al formats The SDI input is equalized and reclocked and converted to composite video S video Y C and component video RGsB or Y R Y B Y outputs simultaneously The SD 7401 also has an internal 75 color bar generator whose timing is based on the SDI input The SD 7401 encodes 525 line signals to NTSC M and 625 lines to PAL B Versions designed for other standards such as SECAM PAL M and NTSC 4 43 may be available by special request When encoding NTSC the unit may be programmed with or without a 7 5 IRE setup pedestal KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 6 KRAMER 6 SDI AND DIGITAL AUDIO DISTRIBUTORS This section describes all the controls and connections of your distributor Understanding the controls and connections helps you realize the full power of your machine 6 1 Getting to Know Your 6104 Distributor The Kramer 6104 is an adjustment free equalized reclocking multi standard Serial Video Distribution Amplifier The machine provides automatic equalization for losses on the 75 ohm co axial cable up to 100s of meters of cable depending on the cable and the video standard and reclocks the output to provide 4 low jitter serial digital outputs Standard recognition is automatic with 4f PAL 4f NTSC Component 4 2 2 and 16 9 wide screen standards being recognized The machine operates for both 10 bit and 8 bit video automatically recognizing the word length The 6104 is part of the new Kramer DIGITOOLS family of compact high
13. and or do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages so the above limitations and exclusions may not apply to you This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may have other rights which vary from place to place NOTE All products returned to Kramer for service must have prior approval This may be obtained from your dealer NOTICE This equipment has been tested to determine compliance with the requirements of EN 50081 Electromagnetic compatibility EMC generic emission standard Part 1 Residential commercial and light industry EN 50082 Electromagnetic compatibility EMC generic immunity standard Part 1 Residential commercial and light industry environment CFR 47 FCC Rules and Regulations Part 15 Radio frequency devices Subpart B Unintentional radiators CAUTION gt Servicing of the above mentioned machines is only allowed to a Kramer authorized technician or Engineer Any user who makes changes or modifications to the unit without the express approval of the manufacturer will void user authority to operate the equipment gt Use the DC power supply provided to supply power to the machine and controllers gt Please use recommended interconnect cables to connect the machine to controllers and other components KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 18 KRAMER KRAMER The list of Kramer distributors appears on our web site www kramerelectronics com From the web site it
14. atures SD 7108 Front Rear panel Features SD 7208 Front Rear panel Features SD 7816 Front Rear panel Features SD 7816B Front Rear panel Features Signal peak to peak measurement Compensation level List Of Tables 6104 Front Rear Panel Features SD 7108 Front Rear panel Features SD 7208 Front Rear panel Features SD 7816 Front Rear panel Features SD 7816B Front Rear panel Features Dip Switch settings for signal level compensation KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD law D ve CINANDDAWNWAARNNNY e eee Am AYANDAADMANAAWWNNNNK OO Page con BW Ke 11 13 14 Page own 11 15 KRAMER 1 INTRODUCTION Congratulations on your purchase of this Kramer Electronics SDI Digital Audio Distributor Since 1981 Kramer has been dedicated to the development and manufacture of high quality video audio equipment The Kramer line has become an integral part of many of the best production and presentation facilities around the world In recent years Kramer has redesigned and upgraded most of the line making the best even better Kramer s line of professional video audio electronics is one of the most versatile and complete available and is a true leader in terms of quality workmanship price performance ratio and innovation In addition to the Kramer line of high quality distributors such as the one you have just purchased Kramer also offers a full line of high quality switchers processors interfaces controllers and com
15. deo and is usually referred to as SDI Serial Composite Video is true 4fs sampling of composite video PAL at 177MS s and NTSC at 143MS s This standard is hardly used except in some older installations in the USA The Digital Widescreen standard was launched in the early 90 s This is a digital version of Pal Plus 16 9 or Letterbox aspect ratio and it works at 360MS s 1 4 Factors Affecting Quality of Results There are many factors affecting the quality of signals transmitted from a source to an acceptor The following examples illustrate the effect on analog video and audio For digital signals the interference would effectively decrease cliff length Connection cables Low quality cables are susceptible to interference they degrade signal quality due to poor matching and cause elevated noise levels They should therefore be of the best quality Sockets and connectors So often ignored they should be of highest quality since Zero of the sources and ohm connection resistance is the objective Sockets and connectors acceptors also must match the required impedance 75ohm in video Cheap low quality connectors tend to rust thus causing breaks in the signal path Amplifying circuitry Must have quality performance when the desired result is high linearity low distortion and low noise operation Distance between Plays a major role in the final result For long distances over 15 sources and acceptors m
16. eters between sources and acceptors special measures should be taken in order to avoid cable losses These include using higher quality cables or adding line amplifiers Interference from These can have an adverse effect on signal quality Balanced neighboring electrical audio lines are less prone to interference but unbalanced audio should appliances be installed far from any mains power cables electric motors transmitters etc even when the cables are shielded KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 4 KRAMER 2 SPECIFICATIONS au SD 7108 SD 7208 SD 7816 SD 7816B Function 1 4 SDI Distributor 1 8 SDI Distributor Deserializer 1 SMPTE 259M Serial Video 75 Inputs 1 SMPTE 259M Serial Video 75 ohms ohms on a BNC on a BNC Outputs 4 reclocked 8 reclocked SMPTE 259M_ SMPTE 259M Serial Video Serial Video 75 75 ohms on ohms on BNCs BNCs with adjustable level Resolution 8 or 10 bits automatic Standards 143Mb s 4fsc 143Mb s 4fsc NTSC NTSC 177Mb s 4fsc 177Mb s 4fsc PAL PAL 270Mb s 4 2 2 270Mb s 4 2 2 Component Component 360Mb s 4 2 2 360Mb s 4 2 2 Widescreen Widescreen 8 or 10 bits automatic Equalization amp reclocking Automatic up to Automatic up to 30 dB of cable loss 30 dB of cable loss reclocker Serializer 1 8 SDI Distributor 1 16 or 2x1 8 AES EBU AES EBU Distributor Distributor Digital Audio 110 Digital Audio 75 ohm on detachable ohm on
17. igh performance dual mode distribution amplifier for digital audio signals The machine can be set to operate as a single channel 1 16 or as a two channel 1 8 unit Several digital formats are supported including AES EBU IEC 958 S PDIF and EIAJ CP340 1201 professional and consumer formats with sampling frequencies up to 96 kHz The machine provides 2 inputs equalized to compensate for losses on twisted pair cables Reclocking at each input provides 16 low jitter digital audio outputs The SD 7816 uses 110 ohm twisted pair cable on detachable terminal block connectors All inputs and outputs are transformer coupled The front panel LEDs display the selected setup the presence of digital audio signals and the detection of errors in the data stream Panel features of the SD 7816 are described in Figure 6 and Table 4 a Ht F Figure 6 SD 7816 Front Rear Panel Features Table 4 SD 7816 Front Rear Panel Features l Feature Function O 4 MODE Mode select illuminated buttons 2x1 8 or 1 16 operation 6 EQUALIZE __ Equalization control dip switches for the inputs 6 POWER SOCKET A fused socket for connecting the mains power cord KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 10 KRAMER 6 5 Getting to Know Your SD 7816B Digital Audio Distributor The Kramer SD 7816B is a high performance dual mode distribution amplifier for digital audio signals The machine can be set to operate as a single channel 1 16 or as a
18. installations charges Costs of initial technical adjustments set up including adjustment of user controls or programming These costs are the responsibility of the Kramer dealer from whom the product was purchased Shipping charges HOW YOU CAN GET WARRANTY SERVICE To obtain service on you product you must take or ship it prepaid to any authorized Kramer service center Whenever warranty service is required the original dated invoice or a copy must be presented as proof of warranty coverage and should be included in any shipment of the product Please also include in any mailing a contact name company address and a description of the problem s For the name of the nearest Kramer authorized service center consult your authorized dealer KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 17 KRAMER LIMITATION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES All implied warranties including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are limited in duration to the length of this warranty EXCLUSION OF DAMAGES Kramer s liability for any defective products is limited to the repair or replacement of the product at our option Kramer shall not be liable for 1 Damage to other property caused by defects in this product damages based upon inconvenience loss of use of the product loss of time commercial loss or 2 Any other damages whether incidental consequential or otherwise Some countries may not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts
19. ircuitries which eliminate signal jitter accumulated along the cables The reclocking circuitry regenerates the signals clock pulses eliminating signal instability and potential cliff effects The SD 7816 should be used if the digital audio system uses differential balanced 110Q signals The SD 7816B should be used if the system uses single ended unbalanced 75Q signals 10 TURNING ON THE MACHINE NOTES 1 The machine should only be turned on after all connections are completed and all source devices have been turned on Do not attempt to connect or disconnect any video signal to the machine while it is turned on 2 The socket outlet should be near the equipment and should be easily accessible To fully disconnect equipment remove the power supply adapter from the mains socket 1 Connect the machine s mains socket to the wall socket using the power cord provided with the machine 2 Operate the source and the acceptors KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 12 KRAMER 10 1 Operation of the SDI Distributors Connect an SDI source to the BNC input socket of the 6104 or SD 7108 distributor Connect a Parallel digital video source to the DB25 input socket of the SD 7208 Connect up to four 6104 or eight SD 7108 SD 7208 SDI acceptors to the output sockets of the distributor Connect if required a Parallel digital video acceptor to the PARALLEL OUT socket of the SD 7108 Adjust only if required the SDI output levels SD 7108
20. lIOI OIO Z Z Z Z s gle g solel igy igy OI OIOIO Z Z Z Z N O Z O ggl O Z O Z O y 0 29V 0 24V 0 20V elgis eigigie gig Ty Fj igy 2 7 SISIS SiSiSi ZZZzzz OJO PP olg rj 2 Z 91919ISIQIQIQ ZZZ 2 5 55 OJO ee Z O Z O Z Table 6 Dip Switch settings for signal level compensation 10 2 1 PROGRAMMING The mode of operation programming is selected by activating one of the touch buttons marked A 8 B 8 A 16 B 16 The programming buttons illuminate when pressed and function as follows A 8 B 8 splits input A to outputs 1A 8A and input B to outputs 1B 8B repectively A 16 splits input A to all outputs 1A 8A and 1B 8B B 16 splits input B to all outputs 1A 8A and 1B 8B 10 2 2 INDICATION Each channel has two status LEDs The GREEN one indicates the presence of data and the RED one indicates an ERROR within the digital audio signal When a valid digital audio signal is detected the corresponding GREEN LED is lit The RED LED may light up when there is no signal on the corresponding input GREEN LED off When the RED LED is lit together with the GREEN LED it is an indication that the signal at the input is either a non standard signal or it has errors For normal operation the GREEN LED is lit and RED LED is unlit The built in watch dog circuitry checks each and every frame of the digital audio signal If
21. ly quantize the video to 8 bits i e 2 256 levels Some levels are dedicated to special codes SAV EAV similar to syncs in analog video leaving 220 quantization levels 3mV steps for the luminance signals Audio is usually quantized to 16 bits for multi media systems KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 2 KRAMER Broadcast systems usually use 10 bit video and 20 to 24 bit audio The advantages of working in a digital domain are obvious a digital signal may be transported very easily and saved and retrieved reliably with no generation losses The transmission of a digital video signal is reliable up to a certain length of cable Beyond this length the signal is destroyed This phenomenon is known as the cliff effect To avoid the crash at the cliff an equalizer and reclocker should be inserted at a distance less than the cliff length From this point it is again possible to drive a cable up to the cliff length This is similar to the repeater analogy for analog signals Note the term equalizer is usually dropped and the equalizer and reclocker is often referred to simply as a reclocker Equalization is a process of amplifying the input signal to overcome losses on the cable For digital signals this is possible since the correct amplitude of the signal is known Reclocking is a process of cleaning up the signal in the time domain i e removing the jitte
22. puter related products This manual includes configuration operation and option information for the following products from the Kramer line of SDI and Digital Audio Distributors 6104 1 4 SDI Distributor Kramer DigiTOOLS SD 7108 1 8 SDI Distributor Deserializer SD 7208 Serializer 1 8 SDI Distributor SD 7816 2x1 8 or 1 16 Digital Balanced Audio Distributor SD 7816B 2x1 8 or 1 16 Digital Unbalanced Audio Distributor 1 1 Digital and Analog signals An analog signal varies continuously It may have any value within its physical bounds and can change at any instant A digital signal is made up of a finite number of discrete levels usually but not always changing only at discrete time periods An example of a digitized waveform is shown below ANALOG SIGNAL DIGITAL SIGNAL 1 2 Several points to consider when working with digital signals The minimum noise introduced by quantizing is 1 bit 1 level so the higher the number of bits the lower the inherent noise and the higher the resolution Since A D and D A conversions create artifacts it is important not to convert back and forth In a mixed outfit the video should be digitized and all the digital processing done before converting back to analog Multi media systems usual
23. r which was introduced as a result of the long cable To do this the timing source must be recovered from the signal and the signal is regenerated with stable timing A graphic representation of the timing and amplitude distortions is shown in an eye diagram as below Serial Signal Clock Trigger Oscilloscope Ya Ww 0 8 Volts iW lt 0 5 ns p 20 to 80 gt i PR Risetime 4275 to 1 5 ns Figure 1 Digital eye Diagram Increase in jitter and decrease in amplitude cause the eye to close It is clear that jitter of more than 50 would result in an irretrievable signal cliff effect KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 3 KRAMER Decision Point Figure 2 The Digital eye after accumulating noise and jitter 1 3 SDI Standards Today uncompressed digital video usually refers to digital component video the ITU R BT 601 standard This is based on a sampling of component video The sampling scheme stipulates one luminance Y sample for each pair of color difference R Y and B Y samples Luminance sampling is done at 13 5MS s mega samples per second and each color difference is sampled at 6 75MS s This is also known as 4 2 2 Y is sampled at 4f more or less and the color differences at 2f The 8 or 10 bits of data are serialized to produce a single stream of bits SMPTE 259 standard at 270MS s for 10 bits 10X 13 5 6 75 6 75 270 This is known as Serial Component Vi
24. two channel 1 8 unit Several digital formats are supported including AES EBU IEC 958 S PDIF and EIAJ CP340 1201 professional and consumer formats with sampling frequencies up to 96 kHz The machine provides 2 inputs equalized to compensate for losses on 75 ohm cables Reclocking at each input provides 16 low jitter digital audio outputs The SD 7816B is designed for 75 ohm coaxial cables on BNC connectors All inputs and outputs are transformer coupled The front panel LEDs display the selected setup the presence of digital audio signals and the detection of errors in the data stream Panel features of the SD 7816B are described in Figure 7 and Table 5 H J Figure 7 SD 7816B Front Rear Panel Features Table 5 SD 7816B Front Rear Panel Features Feature Fmetion 4 MODE Mode select illuminated buttons 2x1 8 or 1 16 operation 6 EQUALIZE Equalization control dip switches for the inputs 8 POWER SOCKET A fused socket for connecting the mains power cord KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 11 KRAMER 7 INSTALLATION 8 CONNECTING TO DIGITAL VIDEO DEVICES Digital video sources and output devices may be connected to the SDI distributors through the BNC type connectors on the back panel SDI signals are very high frequency carrying signals and are sensitive to cable quality and length SDI signals suffer from the cliff effect where the signal might look good after traveling a certain cable length
25. ures of the SD 7108 are described in Figure 4 and Table 2 Figure 4 SD 7108 Front Rear Panel Features Table 2 SD 7108 Front Rear Panel Features Feature Function YS 4 OUTLEVEL Output level adjustment trimmer 8 SDI outputs on BNCs 6 PARALLEL OUT Parallel Digital output on DB 25F connector KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 8 KRAMER 6 3 Getting to Know Your SD 7208 Serializer Distributor The Kramer SD 7208 is an adjustment free reclocking multi standard Serializer SDI Distribution Amplifier The machine embeds the clock and parallel data into an NRZI serial stream according to the SMPTE 259M standard and reclocks the output to provide 8 low jitter serial digital outputs Standard recognition is automatic A front panel LED indicates locking to the incoming signal The user may adjust the serial video output level The machine operates for both 10 bit and 8 bit video automatically recognizing the word length Panel features of the SD 7208 are described in Figure 5 and Table 3 i i Figure 5 SD 7208 Front Rear Panel Features Table 3 SD 7208 Front Rear Panel Features Feature Fein S 4 OUT LEVEL Output level adjustment trimmer SERIAL OUT 8 SDI outputs on BNCs 6 POWER SOCKET A fused socket for connecting the mains power cord KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 9 KRAMER 6 4 Getting to Know Your SD 7816 Digital Audio Distributor The Kramer SD 7816 is a h
26. used The signal is bi phase coded transformer coupled and transmitted over a coaxial cable in a single ended format The signal level is 1 0 volts peak to peak with a source impedance of 75 ohms The interconnecting cable should also exhibit a nominal 75 ohms characteristic impedance After all the connections have been made turn on the source signals units and the SD 7816B and measure using an oscilloscope the signal level directly on the input connectors of the SD 7816B as discribed above Using this value set the DIP switches according to Table 6 Table 6 is based on the graph in figure 9 Consumer format 75 ohms on BNCs KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 14 Professional format 110 ohm Balanced Consumer format 75 ohms on BNCs Measured value DIP SWITCH SETTING Measured value DIP SWITCH SETTING Volts p p __ Volts p p 1 8v and above 0 9v and above 0 82V ER cones rj gl H u y ES TN rj e Tj rj S j rj I TH Uo rj Eo ohn rj g Aq u rj O y O g9 O ggl Q Z y O g9 O ggl O Z F 060v F 050v_ elg lg Ty Ty elg glg es Ty O ggl O y O g9 O y coi teri lezi le zzi lesi igsi ig SISISISISIS Z 2 2 2 5 SISISISISIS Z ZH BZZ e Z A oy oy silgi iezi tes SISISISISIS ZZZ 2 3 3 SISiSiSisi ZZ EZZ g zs z5 E ry i e Z O Z O y O g9 O gyl O Z O y O y O ggl O
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