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User Manual for the Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon

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1. Input to land Medium Climate Region Boreal dry Soil type High activity day soils Domain Not applicable Land use type Not applicable Ecological zone Not applicable Continent Not applicable Carbon stock 264 91 Tonnes CO2e ha Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable 207 29 Tonnes CO2e ha Entering links to verification evidence All actual data used must be verifiable You may wish to record in the field at the top of the module Details and links to verification evidence cross references to reports or other evidence supporting the claimed actual data 4 Interpreting the results 4 1 Module results 4 2 All modules except for the Fuel chain modules the Power plant module and the Gas injection to the grid module i e the first and last modules in a fuel chain show four intermediate results Total for the module in kg COze t output if the output product is solid or g COze MJ output if the output product is gaseous This is the total GHG emissions of the module alone after multiplication by any allocation factor and conservative factor Contribution of the module to the fuel chain in kg COze t output if the output product is solid or g COze MJ output if the output product is gaseous This is the total GHG emissions of the module as integrated into the chain It is calculated by taking the total for this module and dividing it by any subsequent module efficienc
2. Fuel used per MJ of output Type Type of fuel used e g natural gas burnt in a boiler to provide process heat etc Use The quantity of fuel used during this conversion step per MJ of output Emissions factor The emissions resulting from the production and use of each unit of fuel Most users are expected to rely on the default value based on information provided in the Type field Subtotal Emissions from the production and consumption of fuel in kilograms of CO equivalent per MJ of output from this module Chemicals Type Type of chemical used e g n hexane used to produce rapeseed oil and rapeseed meal from oilseed rape etc Use The quantity of chemical used during this conversion step per MJ of output Emissions factor The emissions resulting from the production and use of each unit of chemical Most users are expected to rely on the default value based on information provided in the Type field Subtotal Emissions from the production and consumption of chemicals in kilograms of CO equivalent per MJ of output from this module Co products Name The name of the co product produced by this conversion process Use The market in which the co product is used e g for animal feed for fertiliser etc Description If the Name and or Use of a particular co product are not specified in the software they can be recorded in
3. Short rotation coppice combined harvesting and billeting C Short Rotation Coppice SRC refers to varieties of poplar and willow grown in wood plantations managed through coppicing Harvesting was assumed to take place every 2 to 5 years SRC can be harvested using three different techniques Combined harvesting and billeting refers to a harvest using machines that cut coppice stems into shorter lengths 5 10 cm called billets Short rotation coppice combined harvesting and chipping C SRC refers to varieties of poplar and willow grown in wood plantations managed through coppicing Harvesting was assumed to take place every 2 to 5 years SRC can be harvested using three different techniques Combined harvesting and chipping refers to a harvest in which the crop is cut and chipped in a single pass Short rotation coppice stick harvesting C SRC refers to varieties of poplar and willow grown in wood plantations managed through coppicing Harvesting was assumed to take place every 2 to 5 years SRC can be harvested using three different techniques Under stick harvesting the crop is cut as whole stems UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 68 Short rotation forestry C Short Rotation Forestry SRF refers to tree plantations with short harvest rotations typically every 8 to 15 years For tropical sub tropical regions eucalyptus is used as a representative type of short rotation forestry crop For
4. Efficiency of the transport step in tonnes of output feedstock per tonne of input feedstock this is especially to account for grain losses during transport Fuel information Type Type of fuel used If several fuels are entered it will be necessary to know how much of each fuel is used see next field Use The quantity of fuel used during this transport step this value is automatically calculated based on the transport mode and distance specified If more than one fuel is used you can specify how much of each fuel type is used in this field Emissions factor The emissions resulting from the production and use of each unit of fuel Most users are expected to rely on the default value based on information provided in the Type field Subtotal Emissions due to fuel production and consumption in kilograms of CO equivalent per tonne of output from this module this subtotal excludes the exhaust gas emissions Exhaust gas emissions This field is automatically calculated based on the transport mode selected Intermediate results Total for this module The total GHG emissions of this module measured in units of grams of CO e per MJ of gas produced Contribution of this module to fuel chain The total GHG emissions measured in units of grams of CO2e produced from this stage of the fuel chain per MJ of biogas Percentage contribution to chain The percentag
5. UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 8 2 Adding a new fuel chain The information required to calculate the carbon intensity of a new type of biomass is entered using a graphical representation of a biomass supply chain sb saa aaa a aaa These graphical fuel chains are made up of a set of pre defined modules which contain all of the data needed to assess the GHG emissions from this step of the chain When the tool is used for reporting purposes a chain must be added for every consignment of biomass reported to Ofgem SUAS tdem FH Foe Fe i23 p d LS Saw oo l cl BIO pe Ce am L3 ER O E ie EE Pe ht Fe ve EA Leg Ve DS Gei Li Cl CG oe Gir du H E n ER Gs Poe see Gest Se Siro These chains can be expanded and or reduced by clicking on the sign as detailed below ken b EJ On the right side of a module in the Calculator you can see a small square containing either the sign or as is shown on the picture below ol a e The sign means that the chain is expanded i e you can see all the modules contained in the chain after the specific module The sign means that the chain is reduced i e you cannot see any modules after the specific module However these modules have not been deleted they will reappear if you click on the they have been condensed into one single
6. 7 11 7 12 7 13 7 14 7 15 8 1 8 2 8 3 MODULE DESCRIPTIONS 2 erret ttn tnn tete tnn tn tententnnn 37 Units used in the UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator 37 Fuel chain ElectriCity eene rette irre e ix in beth tie teint en eius ses veins Fi ah de 37 Fuel chain Heat eire en denied ee 39 Fuel chain Gas eoo eise ene ee exeep etes dee b ue Fe Meg anexo tui e 41 Crop production 5 3 noie cete thi gees sncedthdaiesaseediedesbedvond EE ee 43 Harvesting extraction and roadside processing usus 47 Drying AN E d LEE 48 Feedstock transport oce EES Aide edes eere Ree ves EE 50 GAS tra ansp tt e a raa 52 Biomass processing chipping briquetting pelleting 53 Conversion of biomass feedstock to biogas sss 56 Biogas u pgrading 5 on eite nee eee rite edes idapcedesasectedadansebaduesuesdbadenss 59 Electricity production ere un erri Ee enshacceddas Ee 61 E IPIRBI InnM 63 Gas injection to the national natural gas grid sss 64 GLOSSARY fuc 67 Feedstock types pete EES EENS 67 Biomass TORING accio erii tr bre torpe NEE ENNEN 69 PFOCOSS Cy DOS Mem 71 UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1
7. during the drying phase 0 8 should be inserted into this field Moisture content after drying The moisture content of the biomass after this particular drying phase This field is compulsory Amount of electricity used The total quantity of electricity used during this drying and storage step Electricity emissions factor The emissions resulting from the production and use of each unit of electricity Subtotal Emissions due to electricity production and consumption in kilograms of CO equivalent per tonne of crop Fuel information Type Type of fuel used e g diesel used in burners to provide heat for drying etc Use The quantity of fuel used during this drying and storage step Emissions factor The emissions resulting from the production and use of each unit of fuel Most users are expected to rely on the default value based on information provided in the Type field Note Since the harvesting and cultivation data is missing for the long rotation forestry chains there is no default emissions factor for wood chips produced from long rotation forestry Therefore if a long rotation forestry chain is loaded and biomass is used as the process fuel for drying the user must manually insert the carbon intensity of the biomass into this module The carbon intensity of the biomass can be calculated separately in the calculator in the usual way i e by constructing a representative ch
8. nutrient not of product Most users will not need to manually change this field as the software will automatically select the correct default emission factor based on the fertiliser Type selected Nitrogen content The nitrogen content of the fertiliser applied Most users will not need to manually change this field as the software will automatically select the correct value based on the fertiliser Type selected Nitrogen content is measured in units of kilograms of nitrogen per kilogram of the main nutrient If nitrogen is the main nutrient then the nitrogen content will be 1 If there is negligible nitrogen in the fertiliser the nitrogen content will be 0 Subtotal Emissions due to fertiliser production and application in kilogram of CO equivalent per tonne of feedstock Pesticide The quantity of all pesticides applied measured in kilograms application rate of active ingredient not kilograms of product per hectare Pesticide emissions factor The emissions which occur during manufacture and transport of every kilogram of pesticide that is kg of active ingredient not of product Most users are expected to rely on the default value Subtotal Emissions due to pesticide production and application in kilogram of CO equivalent per tonne of feedstock Other input All information relating to products used during feedstock farming other than fertilisers pesticides and fuel Type
9. which have reached the end of their useful life Only tropical sub tropical locations have been considered to fall into this category so far Energy grass C Generic grouping of non miscanthus energy grasses e g switchgrass reed canary grass giant reed etc Users can adapt this generic chain with actual data for their specific energy grass if they have data available Husks Shells W R The outer shell or coating of a seed Forestry residues W R Branch wood tops bark and stump collected from forests or plantations UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 67 Long rotation forestry broadleaf C Broadleaf tree plantations felled after a growing period of several decades and then replanted Long rotation forestry conifer C Conifer tree plantations felled after a growing period of several decades and then replanted Manure W R Wet manure is mainly produced by intensive pig farms while dry manure results from more environmentally aware farming practices Miscanthus C Species of energy grass called Miscanthus x giganteus Municipal Solid Waste W R Urban predominantly household waste Olive cake W R Co product of olive oil production Palm kernel meal C Co product of palm oil production Saw dust W R Powdered particles of wood produced by sawing Sawmill residues W R Any wood residue in the form of chip bark sawdust etc that is produced at a sawmill
10. 2011 07 01 Defaults updated 2011 07 21 Step 4 To print the report click on the print symbol at the top left corner of the window To save the PDF report click on the Adobe symbol at the top left corner of the window 3 aa w Qj d3 afud 4 Harvesting extraction and roadside processing Extraction roadside drying and baling of forestry residues Step 5 If you are generating a PDF file you will now be given the option to change various parameters for this PDF file If you just want to export a standard PDF file simply click OK you will then be given the option to name the file and specify a location for it Please note that this report creation function will only work if you have an Adobe reader installed on your computer To install such a reader please go to the following website http get adobe com uk reader otherversions 5 2 Project reports pdf format Project reports in the UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator contain information on all the fuel chains added by the generator over a time period specified by the generator There are three sections in a project report that the generator can choose whether to include e Summary report e Detailed report e Data report Follow the steps outlined below to create a project report Step 1 Click on the Print symbol in the top left corner of the UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator 1 0 build
11. 3 42 Fuel carbon The carbon intensity of the consignment measured in units intensity of kilograms of CO equivalent released per MJ of biomethane injected to the national gas grid GHG saving No GHG saving is currently calculated for biomethane as the fossil fuel comparator is not defined yet 7 5 Crop production Lia 0 8 88 ie Basic data Module A brief description of the module description This field is optional Details and links to verification Any further details can be added here including for example links to any evidence which supports the actual evidence data used within this module This field is optional Crop yield The quantity of feedstock produced per unit area The percentage moisture of crops can vary and this will affect the yield achieved The yield reported here should be for the moisture content reported in the fuel chain module as the moisture content at the point of collection This field is automatically filled by the Ca culator but can be updated with actual data if it is available This field is compulsory Emissions from changes in land carbon stocks No change in land carbon stock This option should be selected if the cultivation of biomass did not lead to any change in land carbon stocks between the actual land use and land use on January 17 2008 Use actual data for land use change emissions This option should be sel
12. 3 ii Foreword This document is the User Manual for version 1 1 of the UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator for operators generating electricity heat and biomethane for grid injection from biomass The UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator contains a series of UK defined default values for a large number of solid and gaseous biomass supply chains to electricity heat and biomethane generators in the UK This calculator should only be used for the actual value method for calculating the carbon intensity of electricity from biomass Furthermore it is possible to amend these default supply chains using actual data or to calculate the carbon intensity of electricity heat and biomethane based on entirely new chains created by the user The Calculator also offers additional functionality such as showing how the total calculated emissions are split between the different supply chain steps helping to indicate where further cost effective GHG reductions might be made Finally it is also possible to prepare summary reports that should help electricity generators in preparing their submission to Ofgem and for internal records Generators who want to use the default value method for the calculating carbon intensity of their biomass electricity should not use this Calculator but instead refer to Ofgem s guidance on sustainability criteria for solid and gaseous biomass The Ofgem guidance includes details of the alt
13. 31 in 01 2012 tera 30 BUH Je PHO gee SH FH eA r ZEE C 4 N ee EE DM Ba E X juil 01 2012 to juil 31 MAGNAT X ao t 01 2012 to ao t XJ sept 01 2012 to sep oct 01 2012 to oct 31 J nov 01 2012 to nov U d c 01 2012 to d c XJ janv 01 2013 to jan X f vr 01 2013 to f vr e Version 1 1 of the UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator contains the UK defined default values for solid and gaseous biomass chains that can be used for electricity heat and biomethane injection to the national grid Please note that carbon intensity reporting is only mandatory for electricity the inclusion of heat and biomethane injection in the tool is for information purposes only 1 2 Information on calculation methodology and reporting requirements The UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator implements the life cycle calculation methodology set out in the Renewables Obligation Order and in the Guidance on Solid and Gaseous Biomass Sustainability Requirements from Ofgem Furthermore consistency with EC calculated biofuels and bioliquids default values has been ensured through e the use of the conservative factor for the processing step see Section 3 4 e the use of the same emission factors and standard values whenever possible Emission factors refer to the life cycle GHG emissions associated with the production and transport of products and en
14. Mate Chha Where A Allocated GHG emissions at allocation point to co product E Total GHG emissions up to allocation point Ni The fraction of co product measured in energy content defined as the annual amount of co product produced divided by the annual energy input Nh The fraction of heat produced together with other co products defined as the annual useful heat output divided by the annual energy input C Fraction of exergy in the energy carrier else than heat equal to 1 Ch Carnot efficiency fraction of exergy in the useful heat UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 18 The Carnot efficiency Cy is calculated as follows _ T 7 To h Where Th temperature of the useful heat measures in Kelvin at point of delivery To Temperature of surroundings set at 273 Kelvin For Th lt 150 C Ch is set to 0 3546 If none of the co products are useful heat the emissions up to the point of allocation should be divided between the co products based on their respective energy content as shown in the following formula A E Tli n e TH Where A Allocated GHG emissions at allocation point to co product i E Total GHG emissions up to allocation point Ni The fraction of co product i measured in energy content defined as the annual amount of co product i produced divided by the annual product input measured in energy content nj The fraction co product
15. Natural drying Drying of feedstock without any additional external energy inputs UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 71
16. Please note that the harvesting input data is missing for the long rotation forestry chains This will be updated in later versions of the calculator once the appropriate data for these chains has been made available Users should make sure they add the relevant input data to these chains in order to calculate the carbon intensity Fuel information All information relating to the on farm use of fuels such as diesel for harvesting extraction and or roadside processing activities Note more than one type of fuel can be entered into this table Type Type of fuel used e g diesel for harvesters Use The quantity of fuel used Note this is the quantity of fuel used for the harvesting of the feedstock itself Emissions factor The emissions resulting from the production and use of each unit of fuel Almost all users will rely on the default value selected by the software Subtotal Emissions due to fuel production and on farm use in kilograms of CO equivalent per tonne of feedstock Intermediate results Total for this module The total GHG emissions of this module measured in units of kilograms of CO e per tonne of feedstock produced Contribution of this module to fuel chain The total GHG emissions measured in units of kilograms of CO2e produced from this stage of the fuel chain per tonne of final biomass type used Percentage contribution to chain The percentage c
17. The country in which this plant is located This information is needed by the software to select the appropriate emissions factor for electricity see below This drop down list may also contain a few non country options e g local CCGT EU medium voltage etc Select these options if the electricity used is not taken from the national grid Product Product produced by this module e g biogas or biomethane Plant yield Quantity of output per quantity of input measured in units of MJ output per tonne input Plant inputs Amount of electricity used The total quantity of electricity used per MJ of output during this conversion step Electricity emissions factor The emissions resulting from the production and use of each unit of electricity Subtotal Emissions from the production and consumption of electricity in kilograms of CO equivalent per MJ of output from this module Fuel used per MJ of output Type Type of fuel used e g natural gas burnt in a boiler to provide process heat etc Use The quantity of fuel used during this conversion step per MJ of output Emissions factor The emissions resulting from the production and use of each unit of fuel Most users are expected to rely on the default value based on information provided in the Type field Subtotal Emissions from the production and consumption of fuel in kilograms of C
18. User manual v1 3 62 Electricity carbon intensity The carbon intensity of the electricity produced from the biomass measured in units of grams of CO equivalent released per megajoule unit of energy of electricity produced GHG saving The percentage saving the electricity achieves relative to its fossil fuel equivalent The fossil fuel equivalent of electricity is taken from the European Commission report on sustainability requirements for solid and gaseous biomass sources in electricity heating and cooling and has a value of 198 g CO eq MJ electricity 7 14 Heat production Si GU el 6 n amp EHA Basic data Module A brief description of the module description This field is optional Details and links to verification evidence Any further details can be added here including for example links to any evidence which supports the actual data used within this module This field is optional Heat generation efficiency Heat production only Select this option if the biomass was burned in a power plant that only exports heat and no electricity This field is compulsory but can only be changed in the Fuel chain Heat module Heat co produced with electricity Select this option if the biomass was burned in a power plant producing both electricity and heat This field is compulsory but can only be changed in the Fuel chain Heat module Heat efficien
19. all other regions poplar is used as a representative type of SRF crop Silage grass C Forage grass typically harvested and fermented for use as winter fodder for cattle and sheep It is also suitable as a biomass feedstock Slab wood W R An outsize piece cut from a log when squaring it for lumber Sugarbeet C Plant with a tuber with a high concentration of sucrose Grown commercially for sugar production Straw W R This includes wheat straw corn stover and other types of straw that may be harvested for use in power plants Tree Stumps W R The basal portion of a tree remaining after the rest has been removed Thinnings W R Roundwood from a forest or plantation thinning as long as this practice does not change the land use status of the area Tree tops W R The topmost part of a tree Waste wood W R This category includes clean or treated waste wood chipboard MDF etc As the wood is considered to be a waste no emissions are assumed to be associated with its production This category is only for wood that does not need to be pre treated prior to its use 8 2 Biomass forms Biomass form is the form of the biomass used as fuel in the power plant Bagasse pellet A small densely packed mass of dried bagasse Pelleting facilitates bagasse storage and its utilisation as a fuel Biogas Gas produced by anaerobic digestion containing about 55 methane and 45 carbon dioxide UK Solid and Gaseous B
20. can select the unit in which the data is provided The most used units are unit of mass tonne kilogramme gram energy megajoule and area hectares When there is uncertainty around what product the units refer to the units are provided with the product in parenthesis For example agricultural yields are usually expressed in tonnes feedstock ha i e in tonnes of agricultural feedstock per hectare The products most often referred to in the calculator are e Feedstock this is the primary harvested product from which the biomass feedstock used in the power plant derives e g Sugar cane forestry residues e Output this stands for the product coming out of a module e Input this stands for the product going into a module e COze this stands for the greenhouse gas emissions expressed in CO equivalents 7 2 Fuel chain Electricity ea W es ee tid de S RS ie Basic data Module description A brief description of the module This field is optional Details and links to verification evidence Any further details can be added here including for example links to any evidence which supports the actual data used within this module This field is optional Feedstock information Feedstock type The primary harvested product from which the biomass feedstock used in the power plant derives This field is compulsory Moisture content at collection The moisture cont
21. e g tonnes energy grass pellets per tonne energy grass chips Moisture content of output product Moisture content of the product produced by this module measured in 96 Plant inputs Amount of electricity used The total quantity of electricity used per tonne of output during this conversion step Electricity emissions factor The emissions resulting from the production and use of each unit of electricity Subtotal Emissions from the production and consumption of electricity in kilograms of CO equivalent per tonne of output from this module Fuel used per tonne of output Type Type of fuel used e g natural gas burnt in a boiler to provide process heat etc Use The quantity of fuel used during this conversion step per tonne of output Emissions factor The emissions resulting from the production and use of each unit of fuel Most users are expected to rely on the default value based on information provided in the Type field Subtotal Emissions from the production and consumption of fuel in kilograms of CO equivalent per tonne of output from this module Chemicals Type Type of chemical used e g n hexane used to produce rapeseed oil and rapeseed meal from oilseed rape etc Use The quantity of chemical used during this conversion step per tonne of output Emissions factor The emissions resulting from the production and use of
22. ee be ek Kal Le CH Cd Gei CS dj Ls KU EC T 3C diim DE Las i Ep xx D z Ld R Ld Ld zd Soe ERT Uap Seen Sh et Poe See ae Shes LX E A single UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator project file can be used to calculate the carbon intensity of fuels used in different months and years If that is the case you will see the list of months and years included in the project file on the left hand side panel If you click on a month the supply chains that were imported to that month are then visible on the main fuel chain screen as in the screenshot below Ze Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator 1 0 build 3 TAEAtech data Projects Current Projects NNFCC Solid biomass Carbon Calculator Work in progress Calculator Software develop E s File Edit Reports Options Help jJ amp s o js 8 4 My project name Bagasse pe E LU fos el iss General information ien 3 Ba m Q s E S T Year 2011 Ts H import default fuel chain gi S BEE J mai 01 2011 to mai 31 8 juin 01 2011 to juin 30 Se i e GR 2 435 d ES HHE J EL T GR E Pa e SHE E Ke juil 01 2011 to juil 31 Serie J ao t 01 2011 to ao t sept 01 2011 to sep S oct 01 2011 to oct 31 BUF Je PHO 49 2 3 PY ee See ee Fe EXE Ee A 3 Year 2012 Zorn I 1 XJ avr 01 2012 to avr 30 X mai 01 2012 to mai
23. in units of kilograms of CO e per tonne of feedstock produced Contribution of this module to fuel chain The total GHG emissions measured in units of kilograms of CO2e produced from this stage of the fuel chain per tonne of final biomass type used Percentage contribution to chain The percentage contribution this module makes to the total GHG emissions of the fuel chain This value may be greater than 100 because there may be a very large co product credit in another step which reduces the total chain GHG emissions to less than the emissions from this step alone Total emissions up to this module The total GHG emissions of this module and all the previous ones measured in units of kilogram of CO2e per tonne of output of this module 7 6 Harvesting extraction and roadside processing l ia 68 83 83 ie Basic data Module A brief description of the module description This field is optional Details and links to verification evidence Any further details can be added here including for example links to any evidence which supports the actual data used within this module This field is optional Module efficiency The efficiency with which the feedstock is harvested Any losses should be included in this field For example if 20 of the feedstock is lost during the harvesting phase 0 8 should be inserted into this field Farming inputs 7
24. module 2 1 Loading a default fuel chain and adding actual data When loading a default fuel chain the approach should be to start from one of the default fuel chains already included in the UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator database To import such a chain follow the steps below Step 1 Click the import default fuel chain button on the toolbar Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator 1 0 build 4 Fie Edt Reports Options Help Je a s 79 WS 4 meesme E US s L I BB GR AS General information 3 T Year 2011 MLS import default fuel chain s Apr 01 2011 to Apr 20 Step 2 Select the form of biomass used in the power plant e g charcoal wood pellets straw bales etc the type of feedstock from which that biomass form has been produced e g forestry residues wheat sugar cane etc the type of process e g natural drying bulk drying continuous drying and the country region of origin Then click Load e If you cannot select the combination of fuel type feedstock and drying process that you require it is because there is no default fuel chain currently defined for this supply chain If this is the case it is possible to create a new fuel chain from scratch see section 2 3 e If the structure of the default fuel chain for the combination you have selected does not represent your chain it is possible to load a similar fuel chain and then adapt it using the d
25. product Note if the Co product credit is zero then the Energy Content must be a value other than zero If the co product is not eligible for a credit see row above then it must be taken into account from the allocation factor by specifying the energy content of the co product Credit or debit for co products This value shows the total impact of the co products If the value is negative then the co products have the effect of reducing the overall carbon intensity of the fuel chain If the value is positive then the co products have increased the carbon intensity of the fuel chain Share of emissions allocated to the output product The value shows the allocation factor for the main output products If the value is 100 it means that all GHG emissions up to this point in the chain are allocated to the output of the module If it is less than 100 it means that only a portion of the emissions are allocated to the output Conservative factor All data reported in this module are actual data This option should be selected if all the data reported in the module are actual data This field is only relevant if the Biomass processing module is part of the processing step i e not part of the cultivation step see Section 3 4 for more information If it is selected the conservative factor factor by which the Total for this module will be multiplied before the contribution of the module to
26. the description field Yield Quantity of co product produced per MJ of output from this conversion module Co product credit The credit attributed to this use of the selected co product Note if the Co product credit is a value other than zero then the Energy Content see below must be zero See the Renewable Energy Directive Annex V paragraph 16 to 18 for the rules to follow to determine whether a co product is eligible for a credit or should be taken into account through the allocation factor In general only excess electricity from a local CHP plant can be eligible for a credit except where the fuel used in the cogeneration unit is a co product other than an agricultural crop residue Energy Content The energy content of this co product Note if the Co product credit is zero then the Energy Content must be a value other than zero If the co product is not eligible for a credit see row above then it must be taken into account from the allocation factor by specifying the energy content of the co product UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 60 Credit or debit for co products This value shows the total impact of the co products If the value is negative then the co products have the effect of reducing the overall carbon intensity of the fuel chain If the value is positive then the co products have increased the carbon intensity of the f
27. the emissions from this step alone Total emissions up to this module The total GHG emissions of this module and all the previous ones measured in units of kilogram of CO2e per tonne of output of this module 7 8 Feedstock transport S US Le es s e Basic data Module A brief description of the module description This field is optional Details and links to verification Any further details can be added here including for example links to any evidence which supports the actual evidence data used within this module This field is optional Country The country in which this transport step begins This is currently an optional field Transport mode The mode of transport used e g truck rail etc Density of dry product Density of the product transported at 0 moisture content The actual density will be calculated by the Ca culator taking into account the dry product density and the moisture content of the product based on the moisture content as inputted in previous modules Energy intensity of transport The energy intensity of this transport mode Most users will rely on the software to select the appropriate default value on the basis of the mode of transport selected This energy intensity depends on the transport mode and the product density Distance transported The distance over which the product is transported by the selected mode M
28. the entire fuel chain is calculated will be removed Intermediate results Total for this module The total GHG emissions of this module measured in units of kilograms of CO e per tonne of feedstock produced Contribution of this module to fuel chain The total GHG emissions measured in units of kilograms of CO2e produced from this stage of the fuel chain per tonne of final biomass type used UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 55 Percentage contribution to chain The percentage contribution this module makes to the total GHG emissions of the fuel chain This value may be greater than 100 because there may be a very large co product credit in another step which reduces the total chain GHG emissions to less than the emissions from this step alone Total emissions up to this module The total GHG emissions of this module and all the previous ones measured in units of kilogram of CO2e per tonne of output of this module 7 11 Conversion of biomass feedstock to biogas HDE Egg Hda LC Basic data Module A brief description of the module description This field is optional Details and links to verification evidence Any further details can be added here including for example links to any evidence which supports the actual data used within this module This field is optional Country in which this processing step takes place
29. your biomass feedstock comes e g the United Kingdom or if you receive feedstock from a wide range of countries or regions select Unknown e Energy type you must choose whether you want to calculate the carbon intensity of electricity heat or biomethane for grid injection as this will influence the information you will need to provide to the tool e Company data general contact details you can save this data and reload it in other files by clicking the Save company data button 1 3 1 Saving company information You may save the company information provided in the General information screen by clicking Save company data The data will then automatically appear every time you open the UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator Please note that you can only save one set of company information at a time 1 3 2 Protecting files with passwords An individual file can be protected with a password by enabling this option within the General information screen The following steps will enable password protection of a file This will mean that anyone who tries to open this file will be forced to enter the password you specify before they can view or change any of the information within it It also means that the file itself is compressed and encrypted so it cannot be read by any other software Step 1 Click on General information in the left hand panel Step 2 Click on the button Protect this file with a pas
30. 2 Co product treatment rules cssseseesesceeeeeceseesescesceecseceeceacseseseeseeseeseesesereetes 18 3 2 1 General Pless dd eene er dine idee f eer i e iere dee re 18 3 2 2 Co products from anaerobic digestion essen 19 3 3 Compulsory linkages eee ei esseseee eee eee tette ettet stnsth stains netus tns testet en natn 22 3 4 Conservative factor for processing steps eese 23 3 5 Land use change emission calculations eese 24 3 6 Entering links to verification evidence eese 26 4 INTERPRETING THE RESULTS e erreeeeeeeeeeen nnne tete an seta ansa tatu 27 4 1 Mod le results oce nineteenth etae ess Ihrer cocsdssestenussseadseconsesstessttaccecahes 27 4 2 Fuel chain results soir enger ege desde er EEN 27 5 PREPARING REPORTS iier iete terere eiie s indere ume EEN 29 5 1 Module reports pdf format eee eese ees eee teen tenent ntnntn en nens 29 5 2 Project reports pdf format eee ees EE eese enses netten ntnntnstn tnnt 31 5 3 Annual reports xls format eese ses eee eese ente tet nennen nen sinon en nens 33 6 UPDATES TO SOFTWARE AND DEFAULT VALUES 36 UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 i 7 1 7 2 7 3 7 4 7 5 7 6 7 7 7 8 7 9 7 10
31. 9 File Edit Reports Options Help Jq as 5 8 V Select Projects report in the Reports menu Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator 1 0 build 9 File Edit rel Options Help fe Projects report XI amp l z Annual report z mres zz 8 68 General information L4 import default fuel chain import fuel chain from CSV BIG s E Year 2011 mai 01 2011 to mai 31 Step 2 Specify the time period you would like your project report to cover by ticking the box next to Specify a period then select the first year and month you would like to include in the report and then select the last year and month you would like to include in the report Step 3 Step 4 SN Projects report 7 g Projects report 1 2 Select projects and period for this report IV Specify a period FromYear 2011 t4 Month o avt to 30 avr sl toYear 2011 fj Month o maito 31 mai M d Add Remove File name Valid C Users Kathrine E4TECH Desktop T estBCCProject bee ok sen Cancel If you want to add any information that is saved in a separate file click the Add button and select the appropriate file Check to make sure OK appears in the valid column next to the name of the file you just loaded if not then the file loaded does not have data for the correct year within it and no
32. Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 21 T To E T xh Heat emission factor x o Th net X Step 8 Inthe UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator enter the emission factors in the fields Electricity emission factor and in the column Emissions factor in the fuel information table fields number 4 and 5 in the screen shot below 35 My project name 2011 avr 01 2011 to avr 30V AENEID EEE Basic data S Module description Details and links to verification evidence Production of biogas Country in which this processing step takes place gu low voltage Product Biogas g Plant yield 1316 500 M3 output Tonnes input Plant inputs Amount of electricity used C 0 00 kg Electricity M3 output D Electricity emissions factor C 0 129 ka co2e MXelectr icity E Subtotal Fuel used per MJ of output Je EN Type Description Use Unit Emissions factor Unit Total emissions H n Subtotal Step 9 Fill in any other field that you need to take into consideration e g methane losses If the data has been entered correctly the subtotals should show a value 3 3 Compulsory linkages If a warning symbol appears after you have entered some actual data which says please also provide actual data for name of another field then you have entered some data for a field which has a compulsory linkage Compulsory linkages are defi
33. In general only excess electricity from a local CHP plant can be eligible for a credit except where the fuel used in the cogeneration unit is a co product other than an agricultural crop residue UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 57 Energy Content The energy content of this co product Note if the Co product credit is zero then the Energy Content must be a value other than zero If the co product is not eligible for a credit see row above then it must be taken into account from the allocation factor by specifying the energy content of the co product Credit or debit for co products This value shows the total impact of the co products If the value is negative then the co products have the effect of reducing the overall carbon intensity of the fuel chain If the value is positive then the co products have increased the carbon intensity of the fuel chain Share of emissions allocated to the output product The value shows the allocation factor for the main output products If the value is 100 it means that all GHG emissions up to this point in the chain are allocated to the output of the module If it is less than 100 it means that only a portion of the emissions are allocated to the output Other Methane losses Methane losses during the conversion step measured in grams of methane per MJ of output from this module The methane losses are accoun
34. O equivalent per MJ of output from this module Chemicals Type Type of chemical used e g n hexane used to produce rapeseed oil and rapeseed meal from oilseed rape etc Use The quantity of chemical used during this conversion step per MJ of output Emissions factor The emissions resulting from the production and use of each unit of chemical Most users are expected to rely on the default value based on information provided in the Type field Subtotal Emissions from the production and consumption of chemicals in kilograms of CO equivalent per MJ of output from this module Co products Name The name of the co product produced by this conversion process Use The market in which the co product is used e g for animal feed for fertiliser etc Description If the Name and or Use of a particular co product are not specified in the software they can be recorded in the description field Yield Quantity of co product produced per MJ of output from this conversion module Co product credit The credit attributed to this use of the selected co product Note if the Co product credit is a value other than zero then the Energy Content see below must be zero See the Renewable Energy Directive Annex V paragraph 16 to 18 for the rules to follow to determine whether a co product is eligible for a credit or should be taken into account through the allocation factor
35. Type of other input e g seeding materials Use The quantity of the other input used Emissions factor The emissions resulting from the production and use of each unit of other input Most users are expected to rely on default values that will be automatically selected by the software based on the Type of other input chosen Subtotal Emissions due to production and input of other materials in kilograms of CO equivalent per tonne of feedstock On farm fuel use All information relating to the on farm use of fuels such as diesel with the exception of fuel used during harvesting activities Note more than one type of fuel can be entered into this table Type Type of fuel used e g diesel for tractors electricity to power pumps for irrigation etc UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 46 Use The quantity of fuel used Note this is the quantity of fuel used in cultivation of this crop not total on farm fuel use and excluding fuel used for harvesting activities Emissions factor The emissions resulting from the production and use of each unit of fuel Almost all users will rely on the default value selected by the software Subtotal Emissions due to fuel production and on farm use in kilograms of CO equivalent per tonne of feedstock Intermediate results Total for this module The total GHG emissions of this module measured
36. UK Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual for the Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator Version 1 3 October 2011 DEPARTMENT OF eae SES CHANGE E4tech Bj irme consu lting Contents FOREWORD fet nee ie eae ee et 1 1 GETTING STARTED ecesincicetcntitediiccteaienn ican 2 RS DE d dee GUCCI TEE 2 1 2 Information on calculation methodology and reporting requirements 3 1 3 General information screen eese eee esee tenen nen stn etn tne tne sn sns tn enn nes 4 1 3 1 Saving company information eene tenente tenente nnne 5 1 3 2 Protecting files with Dasswords nene 5 1 4 Adding new years and months eee esseseeeeeeenenetn etn entes tnstn ennt 6 TAS Adding a new yeab o espe etie auxit tee ete ie b e a tea a 6 1 4 2 Adding a new ue DEE 7 2 ADDING A NEW FUEL CHAIN rreereeee eren en ennntn tnn anna n tu sn ansa sn ansa aA 9 2 1 Loading a default fuel chain and adding actual data 9 2 2 Adding or removing modules from an existing fuel chain 11 2 3 Constructing a completely new fuel chain eese 13 3 ENTERING ACTUAL DATA e erereeeeen eene nnnn nnne tnn tata ansa aa tesa ansa sa sa sn sa saga 17 3 1 Entering val es eei tuo taro kon ene eb ea C ne ven eene ea ee aseo eI socsesnedtesescaiee 17 3
37. ain and adding all the relevant inputs and efficiencies Subtotal Emissions due to fuel production and consumption in kilograms of CO equivalent per tonne of crop Conservative factor UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 49 All data reported in this module are actual data This option should be selected if all the data reported in the module are actual data This field is only relevant if the Drying and storage module is part of the processing step i e not part of the cultivation step see Section 3 4 for more information If it is selected the conservative factor factor by which the Total for this module will be multiplied before the contribution of the module to the entire fuel chain is calculated will be removed Intermediate results Total for this module The total GHG emissions of this module measured in units of kilograms of COze per tonne of feedstock produced Contribution of this module to fuel chain The total GHG emissions measured in units of kilograms of CO2e produced from this stage of the fuel chain per tonne of final biomass type used Percentage contribution to chain The percentage contribution this module makes to the total GHG emissions of the fuel chain This value may be greater than 100 because there may be a very large co product credit in another step which reduces the total chain GHG emissions to less than
38. anuary 2008 and actual current carbon stock This field cannot be changed by users but is calculated based on the previous information Subtotal Emissions from land use change in kilograms of CO equivalent per tonne of feedstock Emissions from cultivation Rate of nitrous oxide emissions per hectare The rate at which nitrous oxide N20 emissions are produced from the soil on which the feedstock was grown The N20 emission rate was calculated using the IPCC Tier 1 methodology based on the nitrogen fertiliser application rate Most users will not enter their own values in this field However if an N20 value has been calculated according to a method consistent with the rules set out in the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories then it can be entered here Subtotal Emissions of nitrous oxide in kilograms of CO equivalent per tonne of feedstock Farming inputs Fertilisers All information relating to the use of fertilisers during feedstock growth can be entered in this table Type The type of fertiliser used Application rate The rate at which the fertiliser was applied Note this is measured in the industry standard kilograms of nutrient per hectare UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 45 Emissions factor The emissions which are produced during manufacture and transport of every kilogram of fertiliser that is kg of
39. ase note the following o No electricity or heat carbon intensity will be calculated unless the electricity or heat efficiency has been provided in the Fuel chain Electricity or Fuel chain Heat module o The electricity or heat carbon intensity does only consider GHG emissions associated with the production and transport of the biomass fuel No GHG emissions are associated with the combustion of the biomass e The GHG saving in the case of electricity chains The GHG saving is calculated based on the electricity carbon intensity and on the fossil electricity comparator as defined in the ROO Please note the following o No GHG saving will be calculated unless the electricity and heat efficiency if relevant has been provided in the Fuel chain Electricity module UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 28 5 Preparing reports Report creation functions have also been included in the UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator They are available for all energy types i e electricity heat and grid injection although reporting on carbon intensity is only required for electricity generated from solid and gaseous biomass The following report creation functions are available in the UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator Module reports that provide an overview of all the data used in a module Project reports containing information on the fuels used their characteristics feedstock type feed
40. asse W R Fibrous processing residue produced when juice is extracted from sugarcane Bark W R The tough outer surface of trunks of trees and other woody plants Branch wood W R Woody portions of a tree excluding the stem and roots Clear felled virgin forestry lightly forested C An area lightly forested e 10 30 canopy cover with virgin trees i e non plantation and clear felled for biomass As this is a virgin forest rather than a plantation there are no inputs associated with the cultivation stage e g no fertiliser has been applied However there will be emissions associated with the change in land use from virgin forest to whatever the forest is managed as subsequently These land use change emissions need to be taken into consideration in the cultivation module of the calculator If using the default methodology for calculating emissions from land use change and the forest is left unmanaged after felling the land use following felling should be assumed to be scrubland If trees are replanted forest plantation should be selected as the current land use if annual crops are grown this should be selected etc Diseased wood and storm salvage W R Timber that is diseased or has been damaged during a storm and is subsequently of little value other than for energy End of life non timber plantations W R Standing trees from plantations for non timber products e g coconut rubber palm trees
41. ck the Create button 1 4 2 Adding a new month To add a new month within an existing year follow the steps below Step 1 Ensure you have the year in which you would like to add a new month selected then click the Create a new month button on the toolbar OR select New month from the File menu OR right click on the left hand panel and select New month i Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator LO build 3 TAE4tech Gata Projects Current Projects NNFCC Solid biomass Carbon Calculator W File Edit Reports Options Help amp 8 ea SIS S g o OR Fo Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator 1 0 build 3 T E4tech data Projects Current Projects NNFCC Solid biomass Carbon C Edit Reports Options Help EE New Ctrl N SI Y Open Ctrl O lS G GIG BIEI4 New year a ER New month OR amp Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator 1 0 build 3 T E4tech data Projects Current Projects NNFCC Solid biomass Carbon File Edit Reports Options Help jJ amp aa sss g toes ome teer c AU e sl Ga VUE o o General information amp f Year 2011 D DE import default fuel chain X mai ag 5 XJ juin 01 7 New month gt New month E d juil 01 7 i Edit selected element Fioen Ties B 9 aout 01 et en f Step 2 Select the month for which you would like to calculate carbon intensities and click the Create button
42. cy This is the thermal efficiency of the power plant i e the ratio of heat produced by biomass input This should be given as a decimal and reflect the units of energy in the heat produced per unit of energy in the biomass used This field is compulsory but can only be changed in the Fuel chain Heat module Electricity efficiency If the option Heat co produced with electricity is selected it is also necessary to insert the efficiency of electricity production In such case this field is compulsory but can only be changed in the Fuel chain Heat module Temperature If the option Heat co produced with electricity is selected the temperature of the heat also needs to be provided The temperature is used to calculate the proportion of emissions that should be allocated to the heat vs the electricity This field is compulsory if Heat co produced with electricity is selected but can only be changed in the Fuel chain Heat module Intermediate results Fuel chain carbon intensity The carbon intensity of the consignment measured in units of kilograms of CO equivalent released per tonne of biomass fuel used in the power plant and as grams of CO equivalent per MJ of biomass fuel or biogas used in the power plant Heat carbon The carbon intensity of the heat produced from the biomass intensity measured in units of grams of CO equivalent re
43. data will be added to the report Add any other files using the same process When you have added all the files required click the Next button If you want to abandon the report creation click Cancel Select which of the reports you would like to prepare Note all the reports you select will appear in one PDF document so if you want separate documents of all three reports it is best to select only one type of report at a time then press Print or export to PDF UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 32 CH Projects report J T gt E Lol S Projects report 2 2 Export or print the results Select reports to generate g Summary report V Detailed report g Data report 4 Open result file after creation If you would like to abandon the report creation click Finish If you would like to change the settings of the first screen click Back Step 5 If you only want to print the report then use the print button on the far left of the toolbar in the new screen If you want to generate a PDF file click the Adobe symbol in the toolbar Project title My project name Step 6 If you are generating a PDF file you will now be given the option to change various parameters for this PDF file If you just want to export a standard PDF file simply click OK you will then be given the option to name the file and specify a location for it Pleas
44. duced per unit of energy in the biomass used This field is compulsory Heat efficiency If the option Electricity co produced with useful heat is selected it is also necessary to insert the efficiency of heat production In such case this field is compulsory Temperature If the option Electricity co produced with useful heat is selected the temperature of the useful heat also needs to be provided The temperature is used to calculate the proportion of emissions that should be allocated to the useful heat vs the electricity This field is compulsory if Electricity co produced with useful heat is selected Country of origin i nformation Feedstock country region of origin The country or region from which the feedstock is sourced This field is compulsory Default fuel carbon intensity This is the default carbon intensity for the Feedstock type Biomass form Process type Country combination If this field shows a value of 0 g CO e MJ then it means that no default value for the selected combination exists This field is automatically filled by the Calculator UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 38 Quantity of fuel used during the reporting month In this field you can record the amount of biomass used in the power plant in a particular month or reporting period This field is optional but you may wish to use it for you
45. e contribution this module makes to the total GHG emissions of the fuel chain This value may be greater than 100 because there may be a very large co product credit in another step which reduces the total chain GHG emissions to less than the emissions from this step alone Total emissions up to this module The total GHG emissions of this module and all the previous ones measured in units of grams of CO e per MJ of gas 7 10 Biomass processing chipping briquetting pelleting ol d Si ah el Basic data Module A brief description of the module description This field is optional Details and links to verification evidence Any further details can be added here including for example links to any evidence which supports the actual data used within this module This field is optional Country in which this processing step takes place The country in which this plant is located This information is needed by the software to select the appropriate emissions factor for electricity see below This drop down list may also contain a few non country options e g local CCGT EU medium voltage etc Select these options if the electricity used is not taken from the national grid Product Product produced by this module e g wood pellets energy grass chips etc Plant yield Quantity of output per quantity of input measured in units of mass such as tonnes or kilograms
46. e note that this report creation function will only work if you have an Adobe reader installed on your computer To install such a reader please go to the following website http get adobe com uk reader otherversions 5 3 Annual reports xls format Follow the steps outlined below to create annual report Step 1 Load all the fuel chains that you have used in your power plant over the Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 past year Please note that the fuel chains should be added to the month in which they were used There should be one fuel chain for each consignment of fuel used In all the fuel chain modules make sure that you have e Entered the relevant information on heat and electricity efficiency of the power plant e Entered a quantity of fuel used Under the Reports menu select Annual report Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator 1 0 build 11 Edit Reports Reports Optic Options Help Piscis port l g amp Annual report LS ed el 3 3 en 8 8 e General information N L import default fuel chain au el d i EC E Year 2011 avr 01 2011 to avr 30 OR Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator 1 0 build 11 File Edit Reports Options Help BEL 3 7 SS sia S mi E Year 201 D NET import default fuel chain T 30 avr 01 s RS te mos Click on Year xxxx in the left hand panel xxxx repr
47. e pathway under which you would like to save the file and to enter a file name Then click Save 6 Updates to software and default values If opened when online the software will check via the internet to see whether there are any updates of the program or of the default values available If updates are found you will receive a message shortly after opening the software asking you whether you would like to download the latest version of the software or default values You can also manually check to make sure you have the most up to date version Follow the steps below to manually check for updates Step 1 Inthe Help menu select either Check for default value updates or Check for software updates Step 2 If your network uses a proxy server to access the internet you will need to complete the proxy parameters by clicking on the Proxy parameters button You may need to check this with your system administrator Once this has been completed click the Next button Step 3 If there are any updates available for the software a new screen will appear indicating which version it is click Next and follow the installation instructions UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 36 7 Module descriptions 7 1 Units used in the UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator Beside each quantitative information field in the UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator the user
48. each unit of chemical Most users are expected to rely on the default value based on information provided in the Type field Subtotal Emissions from the production and consumption of chemicals in kilograms of CO equivalent per tonne of output from this module Co products Name The name of the co product produced by this conversion process Use The market in which the co product is used e g for animal feed for fertiliser etc Description If the Name and or Use of a particular co product are not specified in the software they can be recorded in the description field Yield Quantity of co product produced per tonne of output from this conversion module UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 54 Co product credit The credit attributed to this use of the selected co product Note if the Co product credit is a value other than zero then the Energy Content see below must be zero See the Renewable Energy Directive Annex V paragraph 16 to 18 for the rules to follow to determine whether a co product is eligible for a credit or should be taken into account through the allocation factor In general only excess electricity from a local CHP plant can be eligible for a credit except where the fuel used in the cogeneration unit is a co product other than an agricultural crop residue Energy Content The energy content of this co
49. ected if the user wishes to report land use change emissions based on actual data or another methodology than the default calculation methodology outlined in EU Decision 2010 335 EU The actual emissions should be put in the blank data field Use the default methodology to calculate emissions from land use change This option should be selected if the user wishes to use the default methodology to calculate emissions from land use change Please note that the crop production input data is missing for the long rotation forestry chains This will be updated in later versions of the calculator once the appropriate data for these chains has been made available Users should make sure they add the relevant input data to these chains in order to calculate the carbon intensity Land use Land use in January 2008 or current land use This field is only available if the option Use the default methodology to calculate emissions from land use change is selected in which case it is mandatory If clear felled virgin forestry lightly forested is used as a feedstock there will always be land use change For current land use the management of the land following felling should be selected If the land is unmanaged scrubland should be selected from the drop down list If the land is managed as something else e g a crop or a forest plantation this should be selected from the drop down list La
50. ent of the biomass collected This field is automatically filled with a default value by the Calculator Users can replace this value with actual data if appropriate This field is compulsory Biomass form The format of the biomass used in the power plant This field is compulsory UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 37 Lower heating value at combustion point The energy content of the biomass fuel used in the power plant This field is automatically filled with a default value by the Calculator Users can replace this value with actual data if appropriate This field is compulsory Process type The process type used for the production of the biomass form if applicable This field is compulsory but Unknown or n a can be selected if relevant Electricity generation efficiency Electricity production only Select this option if the biomass was burned in a power plant that only exports electricity and no useful heat This field is compulsory Electricity co produced with Select this option if the biomass was burned in a power plant producing both electricity and useful heat useful heat This field is compulsory Electricity This is the electrical efficiency of the power plant i e the efficiency ratio of electricity produced by biomass input This should be given as a decimal and reflect the units of energy in the electricity pro
51. entage contribution to chain The percentage contribution this module makes to the total GHG emissions of the fuel chain This value may be greater than 100 because there may be a very large co product credit in another step which reduces the total chain GHG emissions to less than the emissions from this step alone Total emissions up to this module The total GHG emissions of this module and all the previous ones measured in units of kilogram of CO5e per tonne of output of this module UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 51 7 9 Gas transport amp ub te i asta A 9 9 Basic data Module A brief description of the module description This field is optional Details and links to verification Any further details can be added here including for example links to any evidence which supports the actual evidence data used within this module This field is optional Country The country in which this transport step begins This is currently an optional field Transport mode The mode of transport used e g pipeline etc Distance transported The distance over which the product is transported by the selected mode Energy intensity of transport The energy intensity of this transport mode Most users will rely on the software to select the appropriate default value on the basis of the mode of transport selected Module efficiency
52. ergy carriers that enter into the production of solid and gaseous biomass 1 3 Two examples of waste feedstocks MSW and waste wood are included in the UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator for illustrative purposes it provides information on potential opportunities for further reductions in GHG emissions in the particular case of these waste to energy chains It should be noted that consistently with the EC life cycle methodology the UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator does not include avoided methane emissions which can for some waste to energy supply chains reduce the GHG emissions to below zero Report creation functions have also been included in the UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator They are available for all energy types i e electricity heat and grid injection although reporting on carbon intensity is only required for electricity generated from solid and gaseous biomass The following report creation functions are available in the UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator e Project reports containing information on the fuels used their characteristics feedstock type feedstock country of origin previous land use and the carbon intensity and an overview of the actual data input to the chains e Module report that provide an overview of all the data used in a module e Annual reports which are designed to allow direct submission to Ofgem Please note that these reports contain
53. ernative default value calculation process and the EU default values for certain whole biomass pathways as set out in the Renewables Obligation Order UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 1 1 Getting started 1 1 Introduction The UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator software is designed to help companies calculate the carbon intensity of the electricity heat or biomethane produced from solid biomass and supplied to the UK grid under the Renewable Obligation Order It can also produce annual reporting tables which should help electricity generators report the carbon intensity of their electricity to Ofgem on an annual basis The primary aim of the software is to facilitate the use of actual data collected directly from the supply chain The information required for calculating the carbon intensity of a consignment of fuel is entered using a graphical representation of a biomass to energy supply chain xd Lem 222 Lem i dmm Lx E Sa eee S L m Em f These graphical supply chains are made up of a set of pre defined L Gd v E j iE modules which contain all of the data needed to assess the GHG emissions from this step of the chain th If several types of fuels are used during a monthly reporting period a supply chain should be added for every consignment of fuel about which you want to assess the carbon intensity HCHO oe se ae ee ER San Be EE ee
54. esenting the actual year number You will then be taken to the annual summary report screen which shows an overview of all the fuel loaded in the current reporting year For each fuel chain the table contains the following information e Internal batch number if you have entered it in the fuel chain module e The month in which the fuel was used e The fuel type e The feedstock type e The drying process e The country of origin of the feedstock e The amount of fuel burned e The fuel carbon intensity e And the electricity or heat carbon intensity if relevant UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 34 If you want to export the table into an xls file click on Export and the bottom right of the window T amp Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator 1 0 build 11 CHCES File Edit Reports Options Help E aia jJ amp 2371 Sj IW amp l Pipe aes annual summary report table Internal batch Month in which the Country of Amount of fuel Fuel carbon Electricty carbon General information Wiele fuel was teed Fuel type Feedstock ps Dryingprocess Sigin bumed intensity per MJ intensity per MJ Ej Year 2011 avr 01 2011 to Bagas avr 01 2011 to avr 30 e TE JS 0 00 se pellets Bagasse Bulk drying Tropical 0 00 15 25 Branches taps and Tg m KE ps Bort Step 5 You will then be prompted to enter th
55. h the Fuel Chain Electricity Fuel Chain Heat or Fuel Chain Gas Module For a new type of biomass not included in the Ca culator other should be selected for feedstock type and or form in the fuel chain module e The modules must be mapped from left to right in the same sequence as the different processing steps occur e g starting with crop production followed by harvesting extraction and roadside processing then feedstock transport etc e All modules must be connected with a small black arrow If these arrows are not present the software will not be able to calculate the carbon intensity of the fuel chain e It is not possible to have two parallel streams in a fuel chain you could however represent this situation with two separate fuel chains Incorrect Correct P e arena m mS m m m a uh e Not all modules can be connected to each other This ensures simple errors cannot be made when building new fuel chains The table below indicates which modules can be connected when the module in column 1 is the first of two modules i e the first in a sequence when reading from left to right it can be connected to all of the modules listed in column 2 First module can be connected to these modules Fuel chain Crop production Harvesting Drying and storage Feedstock Electricity transport Biomass processing Biomass processing to gas Power plant Fuel chai
56. he conservative factor factor by which the Total for this module will be multiplied before the contribution of the module to the entire fuel chain is calculated will be removed Intermediate results Total for this module The total GHG emissions of this module measured in units of grams of CO e per MJ of biogas produced Contribution of this module to fuel chain The total GHG emissions measured in units of grams of CO2e produced from this stage of the fuel chain per MJ of biogas produced UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 65 Percentage contribution to chain The percentage contribution this module makes to the total GHG emissions of the fuel chain This value may be greater than 100 because there may be a very large co product credit in another step which reduces the total chain GHG emissions to less than the emissions from this step alone Total emissions up to this module The total GHG emissions of this module and all the previous ones measured in units of grams of CO e per MJ of output of this module UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 66 8 Glossary 8 1 Feedstock types Feedstock type is the type of biomass from which the final fuel is produced N B W R next to a feedstock in the list below indicates the feedstock is a waste or residue whereas C indicates the feedstock is a co product Bag
57. ifferent elements at the top of the tool bar see section 2 2 e A list of definitions of the terms used in the fuel chains is available by clicking Definitions 3 If you are calculating the carbon intensity of biomethane for injection to the national grid you will only have one choice of feedstock form i e biomethane The definitions spreadsheet also indicates whether feedstock types are considered to be wastes or residues W R or co products C Step 3 g Fuel chains Biomass form Bagasse pellets M Feedstock type Bagasse X Process type Bulk drying e Country Region of origin of the feedstack Tropical subtropical region X Chains FuelChainElec gt DryingStorage gt Conversionl gt FeedstockTrans gt FeedstockTrans gt Feedsto 7 Definitions amp Cancel Select the relevant module and enter the actual data for this supply chain See Section 3 for more details on entering actual data 2 2 Adding or removing modules from an existing fuel chain In some situations you may wish to add or remove a module from an existing fuel chain for example A default fuel chain might only include one module for feedstock transport e g by truck however your fuel chain might involve two transport steps firstly a short distance by truck then a longer distance by rail A default fuel chain might include a drying step that is not required in your fuel chai
58. in Electricity module Electricity This is the electrical efficiency of the power plant i e the efficiency ratio of electricity produced by biomass input This should be given as a decimal and reflect the units of energy in the electricity produced per unit of energy in the biomass used This field is compulsory but can only be changed in the Fuel chain Electricity module Heat efficiency If the option Electricity co produced with useful heat is selected it is also necessary to insert the efficiency of heat production In such case this field is compulsory but can only be changed in the Fuel chain Electricity module Temperature If the option Electricity co produced with useful heat is selected the temperature of the useful heat also needs to be provided The temperature is used to calculate the proportion of emissions that should be allocated to the useful heat vs the electricity This field is compulsory if Electricity co produced with useful heat is selected but can only be changed in the Fuel chain Electricity module Intermediate results Fuel chain carbon intensity The carbon intensity of the consignment measured in units of kilograms of CO equivalent released per tonne of biomass feedstock used in the power plant and as grams of CO equivalent per MJ of biomass feedstock used in the power plant UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator
59. iomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 69 Biomethane Gas mixture that is predominantly methane which meets the UK natural gas grid requirements and is sourced from organic material biomass Briquette Briquettes are similar to pellets in that the biomass is processed into a denser and uniform format However they are larger in size typically gt 25mm in diameter Charcoal A material formed from the incomplete combustion of organic material in a kiln or retort Chip Less uniform in size than pellets and typically larger in the range 20 50mm in size Crop processing residue pellets Husks or shells resulting from the processing of crops Draff The co product resulting from the fermentation of the grains used in brewing used as animal feed Olive cake Co product of olive oil production Pellet Densified biomass processed into uniform size typically 5 10mm in size and lt 10 moisture content Rapeseed meal Residue left over when oil is extracted from rapeseed Commonly used as animal feed Refuse derived fuel Fuel derived from the non biodegradable component of municipal solid waste MSW Straw bales A bundle of straw tightly packed and bound Sweet sorghum DDGS The protein containing co product resulting from the production of bioethanol from sweet sorghum Wheat DDGS The protein containing co product resulting from the production of bioethanol from wheat UK Solid and Gaseous Biomas
60. ion plant module by double clicking on it Step 3 Insert the plant yield i e the amount of biogas that is being transferred to the next supply chain step in the Plant yield field field number 1 in the screen shot below Step 4 Enter the amount of electricity used by the biogas production unit in the Amount of electricity used field field number 2 in the screen shot below Step 5 Enter the amount of heat used in the biogas production unit in the Fuel used per MJ of output field number 3 in the screen shot For more information on how to enter actual data please refer to Section 3 1 Step 6 You now need to calculate the electricity and heat emission factor i e the GHG emissions associated with the production of the electricity and heat used This calculation cannot be performed in the UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator In an Excel spreadsheet enter e the default value for the biogas used to produce the electricity in g CO2eq MJ biogas E e the electricity efficiency of the CHP unit in MJ electricity MJ biogas ne the thermal efficiency of the CHP unit in MJ heat MJ biogas Nh e the temperature of the useful heat at delivery point in Kelvin Th e the temperature of the surroundings in Kelvin set at 273 Kelvin To Step 7 In the Excel spreadsheet perform the following calculation ci io E Ne Electricity emission factor x D Ne et g Xi UK Solid and Gaseous
61. ion ver 1 0 build 3 Protect this file with a Edit Reports Options Help My project name Bagasse pe General Information General information zi 1 Year 2011 amp avr 01 2011 to avr 30 Current defaults data version 20110517113355 in SE tied OR M Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator 1 0 build 3 TAE4tech data Projects Current Projects NNFCC Solid biomass Cart File Edit Reports Options Help New Ctrl N amp l Open Ctrl O Open recent project y information New year Application version ver 1 0 build 3 Protect this file with a New month defaults data version 20110517113355 AN The project is unprotec ification date 17 05 2011 10 32 20 Save as m My project name Quit Cti Q description NY TOv rn yeu ray NX en OR FN Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator 1 0 build 3 TAE4tech data Projects Current Projects NNFCC Solid biomass Cart File Edit Reports Options Help J amp 8 29 9 INI VL General Information My project name Bagasse pe e ES il cm otc ith T Year 2011 New year New year From file avr 01 20 New month D The project is unprotec x1 mai 01 201 Step 2 Select the year for which you would like to calculate carbon intensities Step 3 Enter a description for the year if you require it Step 4 Select the first month for which you would like to calculate the carbon intensities within this year and cli
62. ions of this module and all the previous ones measured in units of grams of CO e per MJ of output of this module 7 12 Biogas upgrading i Us IOC euda Basic data Module A brief description of the module description This field is optional Details and links to verification evidence Any further details can be added here including for example links to any evidence which supports the actual data used within this module This field is optional Country in which this processing step takes place The country in which this plant is located This information is needed by the software to select the appropriate emissions factor for electricity see below This drop down list may also contain a few non country options e g local CCGT EU medium voltage etc Select these options if the electricity used is not taken from the national grid Product Product produced by this module e g biomethane Plant yield Quantity of output per quantity of input measured in units of MJ output per MJ input Plant inputs Amount of electricity used The total quantity of electricity used per MJ of output during this conversion step Electricity emissions factor The emissions resulting from the production and use of each unit of electricity Subtotal Emissions from the production and consumption of electricity in kilograms of CO equivalent per MJ of output from this module
63. j measured in energy content defined as the annual amount of co product j produced divided by the annual product input measured in energy content 3 2 2 Co products from anaerobic digestion When biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion AD part of the biogas is usually burned in a local CHP plant to produce the heat and electricity required in the biogas production process Usually the CHP unit produces more electricity than needed by the system and thus some electricity is exported back to the grid The following paragraphs explain how to calculate the carbon intensity of the final biogas when some of the biogas is used to power the production process itself There are two ways of visualising this process as represented below UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 19 Biogas Power Ge transport plant to AD plant Jd production Biogas plant Sugar beet Transport to power burning plant biogas cultivation Electricity This first figure shows the biogas production plant as a black box from which exit both biogas and electricity In this view there is no heat co produced the only co product is electricity Following the ROO upstream GHG emissions should then be allocated between biogas and electricity based on their energy contents However the process could also be visualised as follows Biogas Power Sugar beet Transport Anaerobic Bi A transport plant cultivation to AD plant digest
64. l consumption e Moisture content after drying This rule applies to each conversion and drying and storage module individually in the case that there is more than one Follow the steps outlined below to remove the conservative factor from a conversion module Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Double click on a Biomass conversion Biogas production plant Biogas upgrading to biomethane or Drying and storage module that you consider to be part of the processing step Provide actual values for all the relevant input data required in the module Refer to the list of relevant inputs described in the paragraph above At the end of the module click on All data reported in this module are actual data The conversion factor of 1 4 will then be removed Please note that if the conversion factor was already showing before you clicked on All data reported in this module are actual data then the module you have opened is not considered part of the processing step 3 5 Land use change emission calculations The UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator implements the land use change emissions calculations as described in the RED UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 24 and the European Commission Decision of June 2010 on guidelines for the calculations of land carbon stock and the implementation of this legislation into the Renewables Obligation Order 2011 As a resu
65. lace the default value with your actual data changing the units if appropriate by selecting the new units from the units drop down box Step 4 Enter any other actual data for this module and then click Close to return to the main fuel chain screen Points to note about entering actual data e Tables of data such as the fertiliser inputs fuel inputs chemical inputs etc can be edited using the same process as outlined above However if you wish to add or delete a row you will need to use the buttons which appear above the table the green plus symbol adds a new row and the red cross deletes the selected row e Ifa warning symbol appears after you have entered some actual data hover the mouse over it to see the warning message The message may say The input you have provided is different from the default value by more than xx Please check that your value is correct where xx is a number which is an indication that the value you have entered is smaller or larger than what might normally be expected This does not lead to any program error i e the program will still perform the usual calculations However you may want to double check the value entered is correct e The message may also say please also provide actual data for name of another field this is known as a compulsory linkage see Section 3 2 for further details e You can reset a field to the default value by right clicking on the field and selecti
66. leased per megajoule unit of energy of heat produced GHG saving The percentage saving the heat achieves relative to its fossil fuel equivalent The fossil fuel equivalent of heat is taken from the European Commission report on sustainability requirements for solid and gaseous biomass sources in electricity heating and cooling and has a value of 87 g COzeq MJ heat 7 15Gas injection to the national natural gas grid GAS ams IS Basic data Module A brief description of the module description This field is optional Details and links to verification evidence Any further details can be added here including for example links to any evidence which supports the actual data used within this module This field is optional Country in which this processing step takes place The country in which the injection takes place This information is needed by the software to select the appropriate emissions factor for electricity see below This drop down list may also contain a few non country options e g local CCGT EU medium voltage etc Select these options if the electricity used is not taken from the national grid Efficiency methane losses during injection Efficiency of the injection taking into account the possible methane losses during injection Plant inputs Amount of electricity used The total quantity of electricity used per MJ of output duri
67. lected modules The connector will have an arrowhead if it is correctly formed If no arrowhead appears it is either because you have not dragged the line precisely to the connector on the second module or because these two types of module are not allowed to connect see Table in Section 2 3 for connection rules check that the fuel chain you are building is accurate and permitted Correct i5 Haj J Incorrect Check all downstream modules particularly those of the same type to ensure that the default values provided are still representative of your chain For example transport modes and distances countries in which conversion steps take place etc If you want to add a new module Step 3 Step 4 Create some space for the new module e g by selecting and dragging to the right the modules which will be on the right of the new module Delete the arrow which connects the two modules in between which you wish to insert a new module Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 On the toolbar click once on the type of module you wish to add to the fuel chain e g Feedstock transport then click the main screen where you want the new module to appear Connect the new module to the remaining parts of the fuel chain You can connect two modules in several ways e by clicking the small X the connector on the right hand side of the first module and holding the mouse button down dragging the arrow to the co
68. lt of this legislation it is required that if there has been a change of use on the land from which the biomass feedstock is sourced the emissions associated with this land use change should be taken into consideration in the calculation of the carbon intensity of the consignment of biomass As a default the Ca culator assumes that no land use change has taken place except in the case that clear felled virgin forest is used as the feedstock However if you are reporting a land use change you must include the emissions due to that land use change in your carbon intensity and GHG emission saving calculations To determine whether there has been a change in the use of the land from which the biomass feedstock is sourced you must determine e The land cover in January 2008 within the following categories forest land grassland annual cropland wetlands settlements and perennial cropland e The current land cover within the same categories as above If there is a change in category land use change emissions must be included in the carbon intensity calculations In the Calculator there are two different approaches to calculating emissions from land use change where land use change has occurred e Provide an actual estimate of the annualised emissions due to land change e Provide the required information under the section Emissions from changes in land carbon stocks in the Crop Production Module to determine the carbon st
69. more information than the minimum Ofgem requirements General information screen The first screen you see when you open the UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator is the General information screen Generic information about the company you are calculating the carbon intensities for can be entered here Most of the fields on this page are optional The only piece of information that must be provided in order to continue to the next page is the Energy type Note you can return to this screen at any time by clicking on General information at the top of the left hand panel Key information which can be entered on this screen includes Standard values refer to data that reflect some characteristics of the products and energy carriers that enter into the production of solid and gaseous biomass such as their lower heating value density etc UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 4 e Project name a short description of the information can be entered in this file e Project description can include more detailed information relating to this file e g the scope of biomass types covered whether the file is current or no longer being used etc e Default fuel type used select the type of biomass which you are likely to use most often within the software you will still be able to assess the carbon intensity of other fuels e Default country of origin select the country from which most of
70. n Heat Crop production Harvesting Drying and storage Feedstock transport Biomass processing Biomass processing to gas UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 14 Power plant Fuel chain Gas Crop production Harvesting Feedstock transport Biomass processing Biomass processing to gas Crop production Harvesting Drying and storage Feedstock transport Biomass processing Biomass processing to gas Power plant Harvesting Drying and storage Feedstock transport Biomass processing Biomass processing to gas Power Plant Drying and Feedstock transport Biomass processing Biomass storage processing to gas Power plant Feedstock Drying and storage Feedstock transport Biomass transport processing Biomass processing to gas Power plant Gas transport Gas transport Gas processing Grid injection Power plant Biomass Drying and storage Feedstock transport Biomass processing processing Biomass processing to gas Power plant Biomass Gas processing Gas transport Grid injection Power plant processing to gas Gas processing Gas processing Gas transport Grid injection Power plant Grid injection Power Plant To add a new module to the screen follow the steps below Step 1 Step 2 On the toolbar click once on the type of module you wish to add to the fuel chain e g Feedstock transport Click the main screen where you wan
71. n and therefore needs to be removed The following steps present how to add or remove a module from an existing fuel chain Step 1 Step 2 Click the import default fuel chain button on the toolbar Select the form of biomass used the feedstock from which the biomass has been produced the type of drying process and the country region of origin Then click Load If you want to delete a module Step 3 Select the module you want to delete by clicking on it once Delete it either by using the Delete key on your keyboard OR by right clicking on the module and selecting Delete selected modules Click yes when asked if you really want to delete the selected elements UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 11 Step 4 Step 5 stad ey Cut selected modules Copy selected modules Delete selected modules Import from file import default Fuel chain The fuel chain will now be broken i e there will be two modules which are not connected by a small black arrow You can reconnect these two modules in two ways e by clicking on the small X the connector in the middle of the right hand side of the first module and holding the mouse button down drag the arrow to the connector on the second module to which you wish to connect e by selecting the two modules you wish to connect right clicking on one of the modules and selecting the options Link the 2 se
72. n be selected if relevant Heat generation efficiency Heat production only Select this option if the biomass was burned in a power plant that only exports heat This field is compulsory Heat co produced with electricity Select this option if the biomass was burned in a power plant producing both electricity and heat This field is compulsory Heat efficiency This is the thermal efficiency of the power plant i e the ratio of heat produced by biomass input This should be given as a decimal and reflect the units of energy in the heat produced per unit of energy in the biomass used This field is compulsory Electricity If the option Heat co produced with electricity is selected efficiency it is also necessary to insert the efficiency of electricity production In such case this field is compulsory Temperature If the option Heat co produced with electricity is selected the temperature of the heat also needs to be provided The temperature is used to calculate the proportion of emissions that should be allocated to the heat vs the electricity This field is compulsory if Heat co produced with electricity is selected UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 40 Country of origin information Feedstock country region of origin The country or region from which the feedstock is sourced This field is compulsory Default f
73. nd management practice Land management practice in January 2008 or actual land management practice This field is only available if the option Use the default methodology to calculate emissions from land use change is selected and is only applicable for certain types of land use in which case it is mandatory Input to land Input to land in January 2008 or actual input to land This field is only available if the option Use the default methodology to calculate emissions from land use change is selected and is only applicable for certain types of land use in which case it is mandatory Climate region Climate type of the region where the land used to grow the biomass feedstock is located This field is only available if the option Use the default methodology to calculate emissions from land use change is selected in which case it is mandatory Soil type Soil type of the land use to grow the biomass feedstock This field is only available if the option Use the default methodology to calculate emissions from land use change is selected in which case it is mandatory Domain Climate domain of the region where the land used to grow the biomass feedstock is located This field is only available if the option Use the default methodology to calculate emissions from land use change is selected and is only applicable for certain types of land use in which case it is mandatory Land
74. ned between two inputs which are often linked in some way for example a crop yield is often linked to the rate of nitrogen fertiliser application so if a higher crop yield is reported then there is a reasonable chance more nitrogen fertiliser has been applied To prevent cherry picking i e selective use of actual data and single default values the software warns the user when they have entered actual data for a field which has a compulsory linkage When this occurs make sure that actual data is also entered for the second field The following table summarises the current compulsory linkages Input one Input two Crop production Crop yield Nitrogen fertiliser application rate Nitrogen fertiliser application rate N O emission rate from agricultural soils Conversion Efficiency Any co product yield Efficiency Fuel or electricity use Electricity or heat exported Fuel use 3 4 The compulsory linkage between nitrogen fertiliser application rate and soil N20 emissions is not signalled by a warning sign but automated in the program For all fuel chains the N2O emission rate was calculated using the IPCC Tier 1 methodology based on the nitrogen fertiliser application rate For all chains when the fertiliser input table is edited in the UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator the N20 emission rate is automatically recalculated based on the IPCC Tier 1 approach and the new N fertili
75. ng Reset to default value If you want to reset a table to its original default value use the circular arrow button above the table Note that you can only reset the whole table not UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 17 an individual row You can reset all data in a module by clicking on the Reset button which appears at the bottom of each module e Actual data stored in a module is shown in bold text 3 2 Co product treatment rules 3 2 1 General rules The Commission Report on sustainability requirements for the use of solid and gaseous biomass sources in electricity heating and cooling and the Renewable Obligation Order set out the life cycle GHG emission calculation methodology that should be followed when assessing the GHG emissions of electricity and heat under the ROO This methodology defines among other rules how to allocate emissions when a process is producing several co products The allocation method depends on the type of co products and is set out in the following paragraphs For more information please refer to the documents above and to the Ofgem guidance on solid and gaseous biomass for electricity production If one of the co products is useful heat then the emissions should be allocated between the different products by taking into account the energy content of all the co products and the temperature of the useful heat based on the following formula A ee to e
76. ng this conversion step Electricity emission factor The emissions resulting from the production and use of each unit of electricity Subtotal Emissions from the production and consumption of electricity in kilograms of CO equivalent per MJ of output from this module Fuel used per MJ of output Type Type of fuel used e g natural gas burnt in a boiler to provide process heat etc Use The quantity of fuel used during this conversion step per MJ of output Emissions factor The emissions resulting from the production and use of each unit of fuel Most users are expected to rely on the default value based on information provided in the Type field Subtotal Emissions from the production and consumption of fuel in kilograms of CO equivalent per MJ of output from this module Other Methane losses Methane losses during the conversion step measured in grams of methane per MJ of output from this module The methane losses are accounted as GHG emissions from the module assuming a Global Warming Potential for methane of 25 Conservative factor All data reported in this module are actual data This option should be selected if all the data reported in the module are actual data This field is only relevant if the Biomass processing module is part of the processing step i e not part of the cultivation step see Section 3 4 for more information If it is selected t
77. nnector on the second module to which you wish to connect e by selecting the two modules you wish to connect right clicking on one of the modules and selecting the options Link the 2 selected modules The line will have an arrowhead if it is correctly formed If no arrowhead appears it is either because you have not dragged the line precisely to the connector on the second module or because these two types of module are not allowed to connect see Table in Section 2 3 for connection rules check that the fuel chain you are drawing is accurate Correct Ho Incorrect Ha Qu Enter the actual data you have for this module Check all downstream modules particularly those of the same type to ensure that the default values provided are still representative of your chain For example transport modes and distances countries in which conversion steps take place etc 2 3 Constructing a completely new fuel chain The software can be used to construct an entirely new fuel chain e g for a new type of biomass although it is almost always easier to edit an existing default fuel chain This is because most of the data in the fuel chain would need to be provided from actual data sources rather than default values emissions factors for fertilisers fuels electricity and chemicals are some exceptions There are some rules which must be followed when adding completely new fuel chains e Each fuel chain must start wit
78. ocks of the previous and actual land use and the emissions associated with the land use change Carbon stocks are estimated as the total of soil organic carbon and above and below ground vegetation carbon stock These are determined based on information on land management practice inputs to land climate region soil type domain land use type ecological zone and continent from look up tables provided in the EC For clear felling land use change emissions will always take place and so the default will be that the land was forested area on 1 Jan 2008 UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 25 3 6 decision and available on the EU Transparency Platform Depending on the land use not all of these information pieces are necessary and the UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator will take you through the pieces of information you need to provide depending on the previous information selected See the screen shot below for an example Emissions from changes in land carbon stocks No change in land use or land carbon stock Use actual data for land use change emissions Additional information on land use in January 2008 Use the default methodology to calculate emissions from land use change m Actual Land use in January 2008 Grassland Annual crop X Land management practice Nominally managed Full tillage X High without manure H
79. odule efficiency Efficiency of the transport step in tonnes of output feedstock per tonne of input feedstock this is especially to account for grain losses during transport Fuel information Type Type of fuel used If several fuels are entered it will be necessary to know how much of each fuel is used see next field Use The quantity of fuel used during this transport step this value is automatically calculated based on the transport mode and distance specified If more than one fuel is used you can specify how much of each fuel type is used in this field Emissions factor The emissions resulting from the production and use of each unit of fuel Most users are expected to rely on the default value based on information provided in the Type field Subtotal Emissions due to fuel production and consumption in kilograms of CO equivalent per tonne of output from this module this subtotal excludes the exhaust gas emissions Exhaust gas emissions This field is automatically calculated based on the transport mode selected Intermediate results Total for this module The total GHG emissions of this module measured in units of kilograms of CO e per tonne of feedstock produced Contribution of this module to fuel chain The total GHG emissions measured in units of kilograms of CO2e produced from this stage of the fuel chain per tonne of final biomass type used Perc
80. ontribution this module makes to the total GHG emissions of the fuel chain This value may be greater than 100 because there may be a very large co product credit in another step which reduces the total chain GHG emissions to less than the emissions from this step alone Total emissions up to this module The total GHG emissions of this module and all the previous ones measured in units of kilogram of CO2e per tonne of output of this module 7 7 Drying and storage iol 8 las ind IO D I R I Li Basic data Module A brief description of the module description This field is optional Details and links to verification evidence Any further details can be added here including for example links to any evidence which supports the actual data used within this module This field is optional Country in which this processing step takes place The country in which this drying and or storage occurs This information is needed for the software to select the appropriate emissions factor for electricity if required see below This drop down list may also contain a few non country options e g local CCGT EU medium voltage etc Select these options if the electricity used is not taken from the national grid Module efficiency The efficiency with which the feedstock is dried Any losses should be included in this field For example if 20 of the feedstock is lost
81. or to power burning plant biogas Biogas Heat 6 amp elec Local CHP Electricity plant In this second figure the biogas production plant is deconstructed into 2 modules e one pure AD biogas production module which produces 2 streams of biogas biogas A which exits the anaerobic digestion module and is transferred to a power plant and biogas B which is used in the local CHP for heat and electricity production and e one local CHP module which produces the heat used in the AD biogas production module and some electricity from biogas A In this case the AD unit has two co products biogas A and biogas B and two energy inputs heat and electricity from the biogas CHP unit In terms of co product treatment upstream GHG emissions should be allocated between biogas A and biogas B on an energy content basis and the heat and electricity inputs should be taken into account through the use of their emission factors The default values included in the UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator are calculated based on the first approach set out above i e biogas production black box The treatment of the co products is thus to allocate emissions between biogas and electricity on an energy content basis However for generators who want to calculate their actual carbon intensity based on the second approach the steps to follow have been laid out below Step 1 Build or load a biogas chain Step 2 Open the Biogas product
82. ountry of origin i nformation Feedstock country region of origin The country or region from which the feedstock is sourced This field is compulsory Default fuel carbon intensity This is the default carbon intensity for the Feedstock type Biomass form Process type Country combination If this field shows a value of 0 g CO e MJ then it means that no default value for the selected combination exists This field is automatically filled by the Calculator Quantity of fuel used during the reporting month In this field you can record the amount of biomass used in the power plant in a particular month or reporting period This field is optional but you may wish to use it for your own records Land use on O1 Jan 2008 The land use on 1 January 2008 for the land from which the biomass feedstock is sourced This field is compulsory n a may be selected if the feedstock is an agricultural or processing residue If there has been a change of land use between 1 January 2008 and when the biomass was harvested it will be necessary to include in the carbon intensity calculations the emissions associated with that land use change These calculations are performed in the Crop production module If the biomass being used is a virgin forest that is being clear felled there will always be a land use Intermediate resu Its UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1
83. r own records Land use on O1 Jan 2008 The land use on 1 January 2008 for the land from which the biomass feedstock is sourced This field is compulsory n a may be selected if the feedstock is an agricultural or processing residue If there has been a change of land use between 1 January 2008 and when the biomass was harvested it will be necessary to include in the carbon intensity calculations the emissions associated with that land use change These calculations are performed in the Crop production module Intermediate results Fuel chain carbon intensity The carbon intensity of the consignment measured in units of kilograms of CO equivalent released per tonne of fuel used in the power plant and as grams of CO equivalent per MJ of biomass fuel used in the power plant Electricity carbon intensity The carbon intensity of the electricity produced from the biomass fuel measured in units of grams of CO equivalent released per megajoule unit of energy of electricity produced Please note that the electricity carbon intensity will only be calculated if you have provided the information on electricity and heat efficiency in the Electricity generation efficiency section GHG saving The percentage saving the electricity achieves relative to its fossil fuel equivalent The fossil fuel equivalent of electricity is taken from the European Commission report on sustainability requiremen
84. s Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 70 8 3 Process types Aerobic processing and dry stabilisation Process to produce refuse derived fuel in which the heat from the composting of the biological component of the waste is used to dry the input MSW thereby easing the separation process and resulting in a higher yield of fuel than a straight aerobic process in which the MSW is not dried prior to sorting Aerobic processing Process to produce refuse derived fuel in which the MSW is not dried using heat from composting prior to mechanical sorting and the biological component of the MSW is not anaerobically digested to produce biogas Anaerobic digestion Series of processes in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen to produce biogas Anaerobic processing Process to produce refuse derived fuel in which the biological component of the waste is anaerobically digested to produce biogas which is used on site to generate heat and power some of which is used in the production of fuel from the non biological component of waste i e the shredding screening and separation Bulk drying Drying with low volume ventilation using electrical fans Continuous drying and storage Drying with continuous grain flow driers inputs required include electricity and some type of fuel to produce heat e g diesel natural gas biomass etc Gasification The process used to convert a biomass into a gas
85. s of grams of CO equivalent released per megajoule unit of energy of heat produced Please note that the heat carbon intensity will only be calculated if you have provided the relevant information under the Heat generation efficiency section GHG saving No GHG saving is currently calculated for heat as the fossil fuel comparator is not defined yet 7 4 Fuel chain Gas GAS a Ls ind Lid 16 RS RS CS Basic data Module description A brief description of the module This field is optional Details and links to verification evidence Any further details can be added here including for example links to any evidence which supports the actual data used within this module This field is optional Feedstock information Feedstock type The primary harvested product from which the biomass feedstock used in the power plant derives This field is compulsory Moisture content at collection The moisture content of the biomass collected This field is automatically filled with a default value by the Calculator Users can replace this value with actual data if appropriate This field is compulsory Biomass form The format of the biomass used in the power plant This field is compulsory Process type The process used for producing the biogas This field is compulsory but Unknown or n a can be selected if relevant C
86. s stage of the fuel chain per MJ of biogas produced Percentage contribution to chain The percentage contribution this module makes to the total GHG emissions of the fuel chain This value may be greater than 100 because there may be a very large co product credit in another step which reduces the total chain GHG emissions to less than the emissions from this step alone Total emissions up to this module The total GHG emissions of this module and all the previous ones measured in units of grams of CO e per MJ of output of this module 7 13 Electricity production Bie 6 G2 2 en 88 sie Basic data Module description A brief description of the module This field is optional Details and links to verification evidence Any further details can be added here including for example links to any evidence which supports the actual data used within this module This field is optional Electricity generation efficiency Electricity production only Select this option if the biomass was burned in a power plant that only exports electricity and no useful heat This field is compulsory but can only be changed in the Fuel chain Electricity module Electricity co produced with Select this option if the biomass was burned in a power plant producing both electricity and useful heat useful heat This field is compulsory but can only be changed in the Fuel cha
87. ser application rate Conservative factor for processing steps In the methodology for calculating default values for biomass the European Commission takes a conservative approach by multiplying the processing step by a factor of 1 4 thereby increasing emissions from processing This conservative approach to the processing step of default values is continued in the UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator In the case of biomass to energy the processing step refers to any chipping pelleting or briquetting steps and any drying and storage steps that do not happen at cultivation or harvesting site i e the processing modules are usually separated from the Crop production and or Harvesting modules by a Feedstock transport module However if actual data is used for the modules in the processing step it is possible for this conservative multiplier to be removed UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 23 The conservative factor can only be removed from the conversion modules for which actual data is provided for all of the following parameters e Conversion efficiency e Electricity consumption e Fuel consumption e Chemical inputs e Co product yield The conservative factor can only be removed from the drying and storage modules that form part of the processing step and for which actual data is provided for all of the following parameters e Module efficiency e Electricity consumption e Fue
88. stock country of origin previous land use and the carbon intensity and an overview of the actual data input to the chains Annual reports which were designed to allow direct submission to Ofgem Please note that these reports contain more information than the minimum Ofgem requirements 5 1 Module reports pdf format Follow the steps outlined below to create a module report Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Double click on a module for example the crop harvesting module Make all the changes you wish to in this module for example enter actual values for the fuel information Click on the Print button at the bottom right of the module UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 29 GN My project name 2011 maj 01 2011 toman T E ejm x J Basic data Module description Details and links to verification evidence Combined harvesting and billeting of short rotation coppice trees Module Efficiency 1 000 Tonnes output Tonnes input D Fuelinformation 9 8 Type Description Use Unit Emissions factor Unit Total emissions Diesel 55 7143 M fuel Tonnes fe 0 087638888 kg CO2e MJ 4 88 Intermediate results Total for this module 4 88 kg CO2e t output Contribution of this module to fuel chain 22 8 kg CO2e t output Percentage contribution to chain 0 Total emissions up to this module 393 kg CO2e t output Module data defaults versio
89. sword Step 3 Select Protect this project with a password UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 5 Step 4 Enter the same password twice the format of the password is up to you and click OK 1 4 Adding new years and months 1 4 1 Adding a new year An individual file can be used to calculate carbon intensities of fuels used in different months and years It is important to use the correct year and month because the default values used are linked to the date of the report and may changed in the future For example the default crop yield for wheat might be 6 60 tonnes per hectare for year 2011 but for next year this may have been updated to 7 tonnes per hectare Both default values would in such case be retained within the software so that if you want to check your results from 2011 they are exactly the same as when you calculated them e g 6 60 t ha for wheat However if you unintentionally calculated the carbon intensity of a fuel in year 2011 in the software but for submission in 2012 the software may use the wrong default values To add a new year follow the steps below Step 1 Click the Create a new year button on the toolbar OR select New year from the File menu OR right click on the left hand panel and select New year EN Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator 1 0 build 3 TAE4tech data Projects Current Projects NNFCC Solid Bowes Cart s N Current Application vers
90. t the new module to appear To connect two modules follow the steps below Step 1 Step 2 Click the small X the connector on the right hand side of the first module and holding the mouse button down drag the arrow to the connector on the second module to which you wish to connect OR Select the two modules you wish to connect right click on one of the modules and select the options Link the 2 selected modules Check to see that the line you have added has an arrowhead If no arrowhead appears it is either because you have not dragged the line precisely to the connector on the second module try Step 1 again or because you have tried to connect two modules which not allowed to be connected see Table above check that the fuel chain you are drawing up is accurate Correct UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 15 Incorrect Hat Step 3 Once you have defined the whole fuel chain you can begin entering actual data see Section 3 3 Entering actual data 3 1 Entering values Once you have loaded a fuel chain see Section 2 you can begin entering actual data See Section 7 for descriptions of the fields in each module In addition to the simple steps below please also refer to the information given in Sections 3 2 to 3 5 Step 1 Double click on the module in which you want to enter actual data Step 2 Click the field in which you want to enter actual data Step 3 Rep
91. ted as GHG emissions from the module assuming a Global Warming Potential for methane of 25 Conservative factor All data reported in this module are actual data This option should be selected if all the data reported in the module are actual data This field is only relevant if the Biomass processing module is part of the processing step i e not part of the cultivation step see Section 3 4 for more information If it is selected the conservative factor factor by which the Total for this module will be multiplied before the contribution of the module to the entire fuel chain is calculated will be removed Intermediate results Total for this module The total GHG emissions of this module measured in units of grams of CO e per MJ of biogas produced Contribution of this module to fuel chain The total GHG emissions measured in units of grams of CO2e produced from this stage of the fuel chain per MJ of biogas produced Percentage contribution to chain The percentage contribution this module makes to the total GHG emissions of the fuel chain This value may be greater than 100 because there may be a very large co product credit in another step which reduces the total chain GHG emissions to less than the emissions from this step alone UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 58 Total emissions up to this module The total GHG emiss
92. ts for solid and gaseous biomass sources in electricity heating and cooling and has a value of 198 g CO eq MJ electricity 7 3 Fuel chain Heat Sue 69 G2 2 d 8 3 GC Basic data Module description A brief description of the module This field is optional Details and links to verification evidence Any further details can be added here including for example links to any evidence which supports the actual data used within this module This field is optional Feedstock information Feedstock type The primary harvested product from which the biomass feedstock used in the power plant derives This field is compulsory Moisture content at collection The moisture content of the biomass collected This field is automatically filled with a default value by the Calculator Users can replace this value with actual data if appropriate This field is compulsory Biomass form The format of the biomass used in the power plant This field is compulsory Lower heating value at combustion point The energy content of the biomass fuel used in the power plant This field is automatically filled with a default value by the Calculator Users can replace this value with actual data if appropriate This field is compulsory Process type The process used for producing the biomass form if applicable This field is compulsory but Unknown or n a ca
93. uel carbon intensity This is the default carbon intensity for the Feedstock type Biomass form Process type Country combination If this field shows a value of 0 g COze MJ then it means that no default value for the selected combination exists This field is automatically filled by the Ca culator Quantity of fuel used during the reporting month In this field you can record the amount of biomass used in the power plant in a particular month or reporting period This field is optional but you may wish to use it for your own records Land use on O1 Jan 2008 The land use on 1 January 2008 for the land from which the biomass feedstock is sourced This field is compulsory n a may be selected if the feedstock is an agricultural or processing residue If there has been a change of land use between 1 January 2008 and when the biomass was harvested it will be necessary to include in the carbon intensity calculations the emissions associated with that land use change These calculations are performed in the Crop production module Intermediate results Fuel chain carbon intensity The carbon intensity of the consignment measured in units of kilograms of CO equivalent released per tonne of biomass fuel and as grams of CO equivalent per MJ of biomass fuel or biogas used in the power plant Heat carbon intensity The carbon intensity of the heat produced from the biomass fuel measured in unit
94. uel chain Share of emissions allocated to the output product The value shows the allocation factor for the main output products If the value is 100 it means that all GHG emissions up to this point in the chain are allocated to the output of the module If it is less than 100 it means that only a portion of the emissions are allocated to the output Other Methane losses Methane losses during the conversion step measured in grams of methane per MJ of output from this module The methane losses are accounted as GHG emissions from the module assuming a Global Warming Potential for methane of 25 Conservative factor All data reported in this module are actual data This option should be selected if all the data reported in the module are actual data This field is only relevant if the Biomass processing module is part of the processing step i e not part of the cultivation step see Section 3 4 for more information If it is selected the conservative factor factor by which the Total for this module will be multiplied before the contribution of the module to the entire fuel chain is calculated will be removed Intermediate results Total for this module The total GHG emissions of this module measured in units of grams of CO e per MJ of biogas produced Contribution of this module to fuel chain The total GHG emissions measured in units of grams of CO 6 produced from thi
95. use type Further information on the land use type for the land use in January 2008 or for the actual current land use This field is only available if the option Use the default methodology to calculate emissions from land use change is selected and is only applicable for certain types of land use in which case it is mandatory UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 44 Ecological zone Ecological zone where the land used to grow the biomass feedstock is located This field is only available if the option Use the default methodology to calculate emissions from land use change is selected and is only applicable for certain types of land use in which case it is mandatory Continent Continent on which the land used to grow the biomass feedstock is located This field is only available if the option Use the default methodology to calculate emissions from land use change is selected and is only applicable for certain types of land use in which case it is mandatory If forest plantation has been selected as the land use type there may be an option to select the continent with either lt 20 years or gt 20 years In the case that the land use change is from virgin forest to forest plantation the option lt 20 years should be selected i e a plantation that has been growing for less than or equal to 20 years Carbon stock Carbon stock of the land as used in J
96. y plant yield and allocation factor Percentage contribution to chain This represents the contribution of the module to the total fuel chain GHG emissions Total emissions up to the module in kg CO e t output if the output product is solid or g COze MJ output if the output product is gaseous This is the total GHG emissions of all the modules upstream of the specific module and including the specific module It is calculated by dividing the total emission up to this module of the previous module by the module efficiency or plant yield of the module looked at multiplying it by the allocation factor of that module is relevant and adding the total for this module of the module looked at Fuel chain results The Fuel chain Electricity Fuel chain Heat and Power plant modules show the final results of a fuel chain including The fuel carbon intensity in kg COze t fuel if the fuel is solid and in g COze MJ fuel in all cases UK Solid and Gaseous Biomass Carbon Calculator User manual v1 3 27 The fuel carbon intensity is the GHG emissions associated with the biomass fuel burned in the power plant to produce the electricity and or heat e The Electricity or Heat carbon intensity whichever is relevant in g CO e MJ electricity or heat and in kg COze MWh electricity or heat The electricity or heat carbon intensity is the GHG emissions associated with the electricity or heat produced from the biomass fuel Ple

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