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Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S/390 User Guide

1. Recursively deletes all files subdirectories and directories For example delete file1 txt that resides under the current directory S rm i filel txt rm remove filel txt y Because you answer y to the question whether to remove the file it was deleted Delete the directory nome directory1 rm riv home directoryl rm descend into directory home directoryl y removing all entries of directory home directoryl rm remove home directoryl filel txt y removing home directoryl filel txt rm remove directory home directoryl y removing the directory itself home directoryl Because you answered y to the question of descending into the directory and removing its contents each directory was removed and the results of the delete are displayed Use the rmdir ReMove DIRectory command to delete empty directories rmdir directory2 In this case you are not asked for confirmation before the removal proceeds Viewing Text Files cat less more Use the cat conCATenate command to view the contents of text files cat options name of file to view Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 1 17 Basic Commands A typical option is n Display line numbers For example display the contents of etc Iftp conf The n option adds the line numbers to the display Note Lines remarked out with a have been omitted cat n etc syslog conf 4 dev console
2. Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 5 Applications Domain Name Server BIND A name server uses the host name obtained from the IP address or the inverse IP address search to find host names using a distributed database function One type of host name search program is etc hosts This program searches the internal host from the etc hosts list DNS requiring that at least one domain be the same provides host information on the host s internal domain The bind program isthe most common way of providing these DNS functions Depending on their usage and functions there are four types of name servers The configuration for the first three of these is discussed under NameServer M ode Settings on page 2 11 e Primary name server Manages all the host name information for the internal domain It handles the mail server that routes mail and sends domain information to the secondary server An important part of its role is to exchange information with other domain name servers e Secondary name server Serving asa back up to the primary server it holds a copy of the primary name server s information In case of trouble with the primary the secondary name server can take over In order to connect to the Internet there must be either the primary or secondary name server e Cache server Upon instruction from a client the cache server can forward requests to the main domain server for action Asthe name cache
3. Example using a dummy address gt ns examplel com Server ns examplel com Address 000 168 000 in addr arpa Aliases 2 0 168 000 in addr arpa Name ns examplel com Address 000 168 0 2 gt Address 000 168 0 2 2 20 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Domain Name Server BIND Server ns examplel com Address 000 168 0 2 Aliases 2 0 168 000 in addr arpa Name ns examplel com Address 000 168 0 2 Aliases 2 0 168 000 in addr arpa Example using a dummy internal domain host gt unixl examplel com Server ns examplel com Address 000 168 0 2 Aliases 3 0 168 000 in addr arpa Name unixl examplel com Address 000 168 0 3 gt Address 000 168 0 3 Server ns examplel com Address 000 168 0 2 Aliases 3 0 168 000 in addr arpa Name ns examplel com Address 000 168 0 2 Aliases 000 168 0 2 in addr arpa Example using an external host gt blue ocn ne us Server ns examplel com Address 000 168 0 2 Aliases 226 162 139 203 in addr arpa Non authoritative answer Name blue ocn ne us Address 203 139 160 87 gt 203 139 160 87 Server ns examplel com Address 000 168 0 2 Aliases 226 162 139 203 in addr arpa Name blue ocn ne us Address 203 139 160 87 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 21 Applications Resolver Program The resolver receives name requests from the client and forwards the request to the name ser
4. Some typical options are b If the destination file already exists that file is backed up before the move proceeds f If the destination file already exists that file is forceably overwritten 4 If the destination file already exists you are asked if you want to overwrite that file or not If the answer is y the file is overwritten For any 1 14 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Working with Files and Directories answer other than y the move does not proceed NOTE In Turbolinux mv isset asan aliasfor mv i U If the destination file already exists the move proceeds only when the date on the destination file is older than the source file If the destination file is newer move does not proceed V The results of the move source filename to destination filename are shown Move file1 txt into the public directory mv iv filel txt public mv overwrite public filel txt y filel txt gt public filel txt Because a file with the same filename already exists you were asked for permission to overwrite it and answered y so the move proceeded and the results of the move are shown If you are moving directories the move cannot proceed if a destination directory with the same name already exists Changing File Names mv You also use the same mv MoVe files command to change the name of files or directories mv options source filename sou
5. etc rce d init d postgresql start stop To view the default startup script enter the following command less etc rc d init d postgresql The following isan abbreviated listing of the return etc rce d init d functions etc sysconfig network NETWORKING no amp amp exit 0 f usr bin postmaster exit 0 case 1 in start echo n Checking postgresql installation if f var lib pgsql PG_VERSION amp amp d var lib pgsql base template 1 then if cat var lib pgsql PG_VERSION 6 5 then echo old version Need to Upgrade Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 95 Applications echo see usr doc postgresql 6 5 2 README rpm for more information exit 1 else echo looks good fi else echo no database files found if d var lib pgsql then mkdir p var lib pgsql fi su l postgres c usr bin initdb pglib usr lib pgsql pgdata var lib pgsql fi pid pidof postmaster if Spid then echo Postmaster already running else rm f tmp s PGSQL gt dev null echo n Starting postgresql service su l postgres c usr bin postmaster i S D var lib pgsql sleep 1 pid pidof postmaster if pid then echo failed fi stop echo n Stopping postgresql service killproc postmaster sleep 2 rm f var run postmaster pid rm f var lock subsys postgresql echo
6. global Settings that apply to Samba as a whole homes Settings that apply to shared home directories printers Settings that apply to shared printers When Samba is installed the Samba configuration file smb conf is created under etc As given smb conf simply runs smbd and most of Samba s features are available to be used But out consideration for security one should edit smb conf to reflect the environment in which it is used Standard etc smb conf contains abbreviated global coding system euc client code page 932 workgroup WORKGROUP server string Samba v encrypt passwords Yes map to guest Bad User dns proxy No guest account smbguest homes comment U s home directory read only No browseable No printers comment All Printers path var spool samba print ok Yes Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 67 Applications browseable No private comments Private space one can write one s own files path home samba private read only No public comment Public space anyone car write any files path home samba public guest ok Yes read only No force group public force create mode 0664 force directory mode 0775 tmp comment Read only file space path tmp guest ok Yes H ere isan explanation section by section global Section The global section appears at the top of smb conf and lists se
7. incl incl incl incl lib s7 ude arpa ude isc ude net ude sys ude 1 32 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Listing and Installing Packages Listing and Installing Packages Turbolinux uses RPM Red Hat Package Manager as its package manager RPM provides an efficient management environment in which to install uninstall update or examine packages It also manages the interdependencies that exist between packages Packages are stored on the Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 Install CD in RPMS s390 Source packages are in SRPMS NOTE Some packages require a superuser to install them The syntax of the RPM command is as follows rpm options RPM package name Typical options are 4 Install U U pgrade Erase h Display progress status with hash marks v Verbose display Use with h for a nice display q Query to see what packages are currently installed Various scenarios using apache 1 3 14 1 src rpm are shown below To get information on the currently installed RPM package rpm q apache apache 1 3 14 1 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 1 33 Basic Commands If the package is not installed the following message appears rpm g apache package apache 1 3 14 1 is not installed Use this command to see a list of all the files associated with a currently installed RPM package rpm ql apache
8. S 00 55 00 named 2 10 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Domain Name Server BIND If the return isnot something similar to the response shown above either named is not running properly or it failed to install Check whether named is running or reinstall BIND For more information see M anaging Systen Processes on page 1 25 and Listing and Installing Packages on page 1 33 Name Server Mode Settings BIND has three operating modes As mentioned before each mode has certain functions 1 primary mode 2 secondary mode 3 cache only server mode The default mode setting in Turbolinux is cache only server Cache only server mode requires only two files etc named boot and etc resolv conf etc named boot file directory var named cache named ca primary 0 0 127 in addr arpa named local etc resolv conf file domain example1 com search example1 com nameserver 000 168 0 1 nameserver 000 168 0 2 When using the primary or secondary modes it is necessary to change the configuration Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 11 Applications For secondary mode the settings for etc named boot are shown below In this example the primary server IP address is 000 168 0 2 etc named boot file directory etc named cache namedroot secondary example1 com 000 168 0 2 example1 zone bak secondary 0 168 000 in addr arpa 000 168 0 2 examplet rev bak secondary 0 0 127
9. Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide vil About This Guide The Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide provides all the information you need to administer and use Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 This guide is intended for use by Linux system administrators users and other personnel who need to understand how to use Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 How to Use This Guide Please use this book in conjunction with the IBM documents Preparing for Installing Turbolinux for S 390 and Installing Turbolinux for S 390 pdf files available at http www s390 ibm com linux installfest Guide Organization This guide is organized into this preface and the following chapters e Chapter 1 Basic Commands describes the basic commands of the Linux operating system including logging in managing accounts devices and system processes working with file directories installing software packages and accessing online manuals e Chapter 2 Applications explains most of the main features of the Turbolinux server controls over services and daemons It describes the configuration requirements for internetworking super daemon inetd tcp_wrappers name server web server samba nfs squid MySQL and OpenLDAP vili Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Typographical Conventions This guide uses the following conventions Italics indicate CD and book titles and emp
10. indicates this server temporarily caches or stores queries sent to it and is capable of responding to requests rapidly For large sites this has the merit of reducing the load on the primary and secondary servers 2 6 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Domain Name Server BIND e Slave server This stores essentially the same information as the primary server The difference is the slave server cannot resolve any requests without first issuing a request to the dedicated main server BIND Package Contents The four packages containing the BIND components are found on the Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 Install CD under e RPMS s390 bind 8 2 2P5 3 s390 rpm e RPMS s390 bind contrib 8 2 2P5 3 s390 rpm e RPMS s390 bind devel 8 2 2P5 3 s390 rpm e RPMS s390 bind utils 8 2 2P5 3 s390 rpm It is best to install the caching nameserver package at the same time Use the rpm q1 option to confirm the contents of the package Enter the command shown below rpm ql bind The command results in the listing shown below etc named conf etc named master etc named named root etc named slave etc re d init d named usr bin h2n usr sbin named usr sbin named xfer usr sbin ndc usr share man catl h2n usr share man5 named conf usr share man7 hostname usr share man7 mailaddr bind usr share man8 named xfer usr share man8 ndc Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User G
11. target file name Typical options are lt Create a new archive f Use file name to create an archive v Verbosely list files processed X Extract files from an archive Z Compress or extract files through gzip For example create a new archive of all the txt files under the current directory tar cvf file tar txt filel txt file2 txt file3 txt file4 txt filedS txt Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 1 23 Basic Commands Next extract all the files from the archive just created tar xvf file tar fikel txt fil 2s txt file3 txt file4 txt file5 txt Files are often seen with the tar gz extension Such files have been compressed with gzip after they were archived They can be decompressed and extracted as follows tar zxvf file tar gz filed ext file2 txt file3 txt file4 txt filed5 txt 1 24 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Managing System Processes Managing System Processes User initiated processes server services running in the background and daemonsare all included under the broad meaning of the term process Because Linux isa multi tasking multi user operating system process management is necessary Process management commands are explained below Finding Out the State of Processes ps Use ps Process Status to find out what processes are running S ps options Typical options are a Display all processes init
12. Portmap RPC Program Number Converter Portmap The portmap server converts RPC program numbers to DARPA protocol numbers It is necessary to run it in order to use a server such as NFS and NIS that employs RPC calls Portmap Package Contents To view the contents of the portmap package use the rpm q1 option as shown below rpm ql portmap The command returns the listing shown below etc rce d init d portmap etc rce d rc0 d K89portmap etc rce d rcl d K89portmap etc re d rc2 d K89portmap etc rce d rc3 d Sllportmap etc re d rc5 d Sllportmap etc rce d rc6 d K89portmap sbin portmap usr man man8 pmap_dump8 usr man man8 pmap_set 8 usr man man8 portmap 8 usr sbin pmap_dump usr sbin pmap_set usr share doc packages portmap 4 usr share doc packages portmap 4 usr share doc packages portmap 4 usr share doc packages portmap 4 usr share doc packages portmap 4 0 0 BLURB 0 C 0 RE 0 HANGI ES ADME Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 91 Applications Portmap Startup Script and Options The portmap startup script is located in etc rc d init d portmap U se the following command set to access it etc rc d init d portmap start stop restart Once you change the settings of portmap you must restart it in order for the changes to go into effect Access Control Portmap is extremely convenient but from the security standpoin
13. all grants or denies permission to all domain name permits access from the specific domain name IP address permits access from the specific IP address Apache Operation Confirmation To confirm that Apache isrunning properly enter the following command ps aux grep apache If the return isnot something similar to the response shown below either httpd is not running properly or it failed to install Check whether httpd is running or try reinstalling Apache root 3930 0 0 1 3 1140 404 ttyl S 13 17 0 00 grep apache 2 42 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide http Server Apache For more information see M anaging System Processes on page 1 25 and Listing and Installing Packages on page 1 33 References for Apache and httpd You can find more information at the following sites Apache HTTP Server Project http www apache org Apache Project About Apache http www apache org ABOUT_APACHE html Apache Week http www apacheweek com The latest information and programs are available for viewing and downloading via the Internet Source code from the Apache Project development effort is available at their download site or at these mirror sites Apache Project download site http www apache org dist Apache Project mirror site http www apache org dyn closer cgi The Netcraft Web Server Survey http www netcraft com survey The man page for this application is at
14. command you are looking for in sequence W List the full path of the locations of the manual pages that would be displayed For example to display all the manual pages that are related to users you would enter the following command man aw users The return of this command is usr man man1 users 1 Note that man is organized into the following sections Shell commands System calls Library calls Special files File formats and conventions Games Macro packages and conventions nog PWN P Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 1 35 Basic Commands 8 System administration commands 9 Kernel routines For example users isa Shell command and is therefore explained in section 1 To find information on the command users you would do the following man users For a detailed explanation on the use of man please look at the man page on man itself man man 1 36 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide anne APPLICATIONS This chapter contains information on the applications bundled with Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 The initial section RPM Package Operations on page 2 3 is an introduction to various aspects of package management including installing uninstalling and package verification The sections after RPM Package Operations are organized alphabetically by the service they provide Domain Name Serve BIND page 2 6 Translates IP addresses into h
15. df k Filesystem 1k blocks Used Available Use Mounted on dev dasdal 708652 48456 624200 7 dev dasdc1 6382148 874988 5182960 14 usr 1 30 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Managing Devices df m Filesystem 1M blocks Used Available Use Mounted on dev dasdal 692 47 610 7 dev dasdecl 6233 854 5061 14 usr The du Disk Usage Command Use the du Disk Usage command to find out how much space is occupied by each directory du options target directory name target file name Under the specified directory the size of each file is shown in blocks If the target is omitted information on the current directory is displayed Typical options are a Display counts for all files not only directories b Display size in bytes lt Display the total size of the target on the last line k Display size in kilobytes h Display sizes with a G for gigabytes or M for megabytes suffix H The same asthe h option except that sizes are displayed in 1000 byte units instead of 1024 byte units Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 1 31 Basic Commands Compare the results of using various options in the following listings du usr lib bind 44 56 4 4 168 1268 1440 include arpa include isc include net include sys include Pp Galina dla sof du b usr lib bind 45056 57344 4096 4096 172032 1298432 1474560 incl
16. take any one of the three values listed below The initial value is set to Bad User N ever Login requests with an invalid password are rejected Bad User Logins with an invalid password are rejected unless the username does not exist in which case it is treated asa guest login and mapped into the guest account explained later Bad Password Logins with an invalid password are treated as a guest login and mapped into the guest account explained later Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 69 Applications ATTENTION You should set this to either Never or Bad User Beware of using Bad Password because a user who enters an incorrect password will be logged in as guest No error message is displayed so the user will wonder why he can no longer access his own files and directories e dns proxy When a NetBIOS name cannot be found this specifies whether to treat the name asthe given DNS name or not This parameter must be either Yes or No The default is No e guest account If the guest ok Yes parameter is set in a section thisisthe username that will be used for access to services The default is smbguest homes Section This homes section holds settings that apply to user home directories e comment Some explanation about the directory is given When this directory is browsed by a Windows client on anetworked computer this string appearsin the comment c
17. usr lib perl5 man U se the dir command with the more option as follows to view the list usr lib perl5 man man3 dir more 2 84 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Programming Languages perl Python Python Python isan interpreted iterative object oriented programming language often compared to Tcl Perl Scheme and Java Python Package Contents To view the contents of the Python package use the rpm ql option as shown below rpm ql python The command returns the listing shown below usr bin python usr bin pythonl usr lib pythonl usr lib pythonl usr lib pythonl usr lib pythonl usr lib pythonl 5 5 5 lib dynload lt contents omitted gt 5 lib stdwin lt contents omitted gt 5 plat linux 1i386 lt contents omitted gt 5 NOTE The contents of usr lib python1 5 that are not themselves directories are omitted Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 85 Applications Python Operation Confirmation Python s operation can be checked using the ps command as shown below ps aux grep python If Python is operating properly the above command should return something similar to the following message root 3926 0 0 1 3 1140 404 ttyl s 13 00 0 00 grep python If you do not see this message either Python is not operating properly or it was not installed Restart or reinstall it For more information see M anaging System Processes o
18. 7 info mail none new none authpriv none var log messages 10 authpriv var log secure 13 mail var log maillog 17 emerg x 21 uucp news crit var log spooler 24 local7 var log boot log 29 news cret var log news news cret 30 news err var log news news err 31 news notice var log news news notice With cat along file will scroll off the screen and you will only be able to see the end of it This isinconvenient To page through a file use the less command less options name of file to view When using less to view a file there are a number of commands available from the keyboard The main ones are lt SPACE gt Scroll ahead one screen lt ENTER gt Scroll ahead one line q Interrupt display exit searchpattern Search backward from the current screen for search pattern n Repeat search d Scroll a half screen ahead 1 18 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Working with Files and Directories h Display help w Scroll backward one screen u Scroll backward half screen y Scroll backward one line string pattern Search backward for string pattern starting from the current screen N Repeat the previous search backward starting from the current screen For example display the contents of the file etc logrotate conf Go to that directory and type less etc logrotate conf see man logrotate for details rotat
19. HUP rpc statd echo n nfsd killall HUP nfsd echo n rpc mountd killall HUP rpc mountd echo n rpc quotad killall HUP rpc rquotad touch var lock subsys nfs echo done E usr sbin exportfs touch var lock subsys nfs FI if f var lock subsys nfs then echo start exit 0 fi sbin pidof rpc mountd gt dev null 2 gt amp 1 MOUNTD sbin pidof nfsd gt dev null 2 gt amp 1 NFSD if SMOUNTD 1 o SNFSD 1 then echo restart exit 0 fi if etc exports nt var lock subsys nfs then cho reload xit 0 fi vr echo Usage nfs start stop status restart reload exit 1 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 53 Applications NFS Server Settings The file in which you specify the hosts users and public directories that are to given access the access permissions etc is etc exports Each line in etc exports uses the following basic format directory name host name options Here directory name refers to the name of the directory that you want to export with the full Unix path The host name can be written in either the FQDN Fully Qualified Domain Name or IP address format There are many options only the main ones are described here For detailsrun man exports Here isa list of the options roFile permissions set to read only rwFile permissions set to read and write root_squash root access from the client is mapped to anonymo
20. MySQL daemon ust sbin mysqld configuration file See MySQL Configuration on page 2 103 startup script usr bin safe_mysqld Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 101 Applications MySQL Package Co The contents of the MySQL package can be viewed using the rpm q1 option as shown below ntents rpm ql MySQL The command results in the listing shown below etc logrotate d mysql etc re d init d mysql usr bin insamchk usr bin isamlog usr bin mysql usr bin mysql usr bin mysql usr bin mysql_ usr bin mysql _fix_privilege_tables _installdb _setpermission zap bug usr bin perror usr bin replace usr bin resolveip usr bin safe_mysqld usr sbin mysqld usr share doc packages MySQL 3 22 32 usr share info mysql info gz usr share mysql NOTE The contents of the usr share doc packages MySQL 3 22 32 and usr share mysql directories are omitted MySQL Startup Options MySQL s startup script is located at etc rc d init d mysal Follow this command to execute the MySQL daemon etc rce d init d mysql start 2 102 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide SQL Database Server MySQL The following options can be specified when starting MySQL debug logfile Employ the specified debug log T debug info set debug mode P port pnum employ the specified port number for connecting to the database server Other MySQL Scripts u
21. Relational DBMS supporting almost all SQL constructs including subselects transactions and user defined types and functions It isthe most advanced open source database available anywhere PostgreSQL usesa client server model of communication That means that a PostgreSQL server continually runs waiting for client requests The server processes the request and returns the result to the client Because the PostgreSQL server runsas an independent process on the computer there is no way for a user to interact with it directly Instead there are client applications designed specifically for user interaction You can interact with PostgreSQL using the psql interface PostgreSQL is an enhancement of the POSTGRES database management system a next generation DBMS research prototype NOTE PostgreSQL s daemon is named postmaster 2 94 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide SQL Database Management System PostgreSQL PostrgreSQL Package Contents To view the contents of the PostgreSQL package use the rpm q1 option as shown below rpm ql postgresql A truncated version of this command s results are shown below usr bin createdb usr bin createlang usr bin createuser usr bin destroydb usr bin destroylang usr bin destroyuser usr bin pg_dump usr bin pg_dumpall usr bin pg_id usr bin psql PostgreSQL Startup Script etc rc d init d postgresql The startup script for postgresql is
22. S 390 Install CD under RPMS s390 apache 1 3 14 1 s390 rpm Name Apache daemon usr sbin httpd configuration file etc httpd conf and three others listed on page 2 36 startup script etc rc d init d httpd log file var lock subsys inet httpd Startup Script Apache includes the daemon called httpd for which the startup script iS etc rc d init d httpd To display the startup script enter the following command less etc rc d init d httpd The daemon httpa has three main options etc rce d init d httpd start stop restart Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 35 Applications After making any changes to the configuration you will need to restart httpd to enable the changes To restart httpd use this command etc re d init d httpd restart Confirm that httpd is operating properly by using this command ps aux grep httpd If issuing the above confirmation command does not result in a display like nobody 351 0 0 3 7 1916 1164 S 08 13 0 00 httpd it is possible that httpd is not operating or that the installation failed Verify that the package is installed by using the command rpm ql apache Restart httpd by using the command etc rc d init d httpd restart httpd Configuration File Httpd has four associated configuration files The file location and main functions are listed below etc httpd cont httpd conf overall configuration settings for the httpd daemons etc http
23. Tr TP Trivial File Transfer Protocol which allows users to transfer files to and from a remote machine The remote host may be specified on the command line in which case tftp uses host asthe default host for future transfers TFTP has been implemented on top of the Internet User Datagram protocol UDP Or Datagram so it may be used to move files between machines on different networks implementing upp This should not exclude the possibility of implementing TFTP on top of other datagram protocols It is designed to be small and easy to implement Therefore it lacks most of the features of a regular FTP The only thing it can do is read and write files or mail from and to a remote server It cannot list directories and currently has no provisions for user authentication In common with other Internet protocols it passes 8 bit bytes of data InetUtils sa collection of common network programs Among other features it includes e An ftp client and server e A telnet client and server e Anrsh client and server e An rlogin client and server e A tftp client and server ATTENTION It is not safe to install TFTP on any server that is open to the Internet Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 29 Applications TFTP Configuration In order to use TFTP open the file etc inetd conf and delete the hash symbol preceding the following line ftp stream tcp nowait root usr sbin tcpd in ftpd
24. as shown below rpm ql ipchains The command results in the listing shown below etc rce d init d ipchains etc sysconfig ipchains rules sbin ipchains sbin ipchains restore sbin ipchains save sbin ipfwadm sbin ipfwadm wrapper 2 26 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Firewall Maintenance ipchains NOTE The contents of usr share doc packages ipchains 1 3 9 are omitted The contents of usr share man are listed in References for ipchains and firewall on page 2 28 ipchains Configuration File etc sysconfig ipchains rules Configuration of Turbolinux Server firewall rules should take place during network configuration and setup at system boot time At startup ipchains reads configuration information from a file which by default is the configuration file etc ipchains rules Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 uses the firewall startup scripting process based on etc rc d init d ipchains At system startup this script is called with the start argument This causes the script to load whatever firewall rules are present in the rules table etc sysconfig ipchains rules Administrators may enable or disable the firewall rules by executing at any time the following from a command line To enable firewall rules type sh etc re d init d ipchains start To disable firewall rules type sh etc rce d init d ipchains stop Preparing Firewall Rules The preparation of the ipchains
25. available for Samba nmblookup smbclient smbrun smbstatus smbtar testparm testprns smb conf samba nmbd smbd smbpasswd swat Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 77 Applications Printing Facilities LPRng This section introduces the LPRng print filters printing facilities and tools included in Turbolinux On the Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 the traditional Berkeley LPR LPD has been replaced with LPRng Two newer printing systems have emerged LPRng and CUPS LPRng is Berkeley LPR LPD Next Generation CUPS is the Common Unix Printing System Turbolinux chose to use LPRng in preference to CUPS on the basis of maturity and for maximum backwards compatibility LPRng Package Contents To view the contents of the LPRng package use the rpm q1 option as shown below rpm ql LPRng The command results in the listing shown below etc lpd conf etc lpd perms etc re d init d lpd usr bin cancel usr bin lp usr bin lpq usr bin lpr usr bin lprm usr bin lpstat usr libexec filters lpbanner usr libexec filters lpf usr libexec filters pclbanner usr libexec filters psbanner usr sbin checkpc usr sbin l1pc usr sbin lpd usr sbin lpracecnt 2 78 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Printing Facilities LPRng NOTE The contents of usr share doc packages LPRng 3 6 26 are omitted from this listing The relevant contents of usr man are lis
26. cat etc passwd mksbpasswd sh gt etc smbpasswd After appending to the smbpasswd file change the user s password smbpasswd a e jane Once changed restart Samba File and Printer Sharing There are four ways to set the format for file and printer sharing You must decide which of the four values below to set for the security parameter in the global section The security parameter is probably the most important setting in smb conf e share Shares are set up for directories and devices They are of the same level as share settings in Windows95 Users not registered with the Samba server still have access From a security standpoint this is the most lenient configuration e user Shares are set up user by user Recognition is done by Samba so a user who would gain access must be registered in advance with the Samba server Furthermore for access from Windows98 and NT SP3 and higher encrypted passwords are needed For details see Encrypted Passwords on page 2 74 e server This isthe same configuration as for user above but the recognition is done not by the Samba server but by another WindowsNT server The user who would gain access must be already registered with another WindowsNT server In this case because the Samba server is seen as one client for the WindowsNT server you need to make sure you have an additional WindowsNT client license Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 75 Ap
27. configuration information from a file which by default isthe configuration file etc inetd com Configuration fields are separated by either a space or tab character Comments are preceded by the hash or pound symbol at the beginning of the line Each line in the configuration file is listed below service_nam socket_typ protocol flag user server path args Belowisan explanation of each field service name Indicates the service name such as ftp telnet etc The list of host and port names is recorded in etc services socket_type Indicates the type of socket such as stream stream type dgram datagram type etc protocol Indicates the type of protocol used such as tcp udp etc selected from the list of protocols stored in etc protocols flag A marker for either the wait or nowait flag allows only to dgram datagram type sockets The wait flag indicates a wait while a request response exchange take places the nowait flag indicates that a request will have no wait for a response user Users such asroot nobody etc indicate the user s level of permission to access services server_path The full path name of the server program executed args The server program startup name and the options specified in the server_path Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 111 Applications Default Settings etc inetd conf Belowisa specific example of a default setup configuration created by e
28. delete_database alter_user explain select create seguence delete function begin fetch select into create view delete view pgdumpall set show update vacuum unlisten postmaster 2 100 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide SQL Database Server MySQL SQL Database Server MySQL MySQL isa multi user multi threaded SQL database server SQL Structured Query Language isthe most popular and standardized database language in the world MySQL isa client server implementation that consists of a server daemon mysqld and several client programs and libraries SQL isa standardized language that makes it easy to store update and access information For example you can use SQL to retrieve product information and store customer information for a web site MySQL isalso fast and flexible enough to allow you to store logs and pictures in it MySQL is speedy robust and easy to use It was originally developed because there wasa need for a SQL server that could handle very large databases an order of magnitude faster than what any database vendor could offer on inexpensive hardware MySQL is built on a set of routines that have been used in a highly demanding production environment for many years Although MySQL is still under development it offers a rich and highly useful function set The package containing MySQL is found on the Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 Install CD under RPMS s390 MySQL 3 22 32 5 s390 rpm Name
29. enter a password string that was less than six characters in length BAD PASSWORD it is based on a dictionary word You tried to enter acommon name or word found in dictionaries BAD PASSWORD it is too simplistic systematic You tried to enter a password string that was too simplistic or systematic NOTE The BAD PASSWORD error message does not prevent the user from choosing the password Retyping the password at the Retype new UNIX password prompt will set the password bad or not Deleting User Accounts You can delete a user account with the command userdel userdel Username to be deleted Delete a user account with the following command using the previously created user jon userdel jon Use the r option to also delete the user s home directory 1 6 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Managing User Accounts NOTE Only the superuser is allowed to run the userdel command Switching to Another User su You can switch from the current user to another user without doing a logout and a login su The username you want to become 1 To switch from the currently logged user jon to a different user charles you would do it as follows su charles Password 2 Enter the correct password for charles If you don t want to continue to use the user environment of the current user add a minus sign followed by a space su charles Without a use
30. etc httpd conf access conf etc httpd conf httpd conf etc httpd conf magic lt lines omitted gt usr share man manl dbmmanage 1 gz usr share man manl htdigest 1 gz usr share man manl htpasswd 1 gz usr share man man8 httpd i gz To uninstall use this command rpm e apache Use this command to see detailed information on an RPM file rpm qi apache Name apache Relocations not relocateable Version 1 3 14 Vendor none Release 27 Build Date Sun Nov 12 14 55 29 2000 Install date Wed Dec 6 12 02 32 2000 Build Host s390 dev us tlan Group Networking Daemons Source RPM apache 1 3 14 1 src rpm Size 4904533 License Freely distributable amp usable Summary World Wide Web server httpd Description Apache is a full featured web server that is freely available and also happens to be the most widely used on the Internet Install this if you would like to run a web server 1 34 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Accessing Online Manuals Accessing Online Manuals In Linux use the man command to obtain information about a program Use it as follows man options chapter number the name of the command you want information about Information can be viewed on the screen with the man command in the same way as with less For example to view the manual page for the 1s command man ls Typical options are a List all the manual pages relating to the
31. examines the port defined in the configuration file etc inetd conf and waits for a connection request request packet When there is a connection request inetd listens to the specified port and responds with a service by executing a server program The server program then takes over the connection request itself while the service socket handles the normal input output and error service requests When the server program terminates the inetd program returns to monitoring the port s state The main server programs including ftp and telnet are used for controlling and managing services Turbolinux Server isa supe server in that it isa high level program acting as a server to other servers The program includes inetd and its expanded function version TCP_wrapper Name server web server samba and NFS server System managers should be sure they have a full understanding of the super server and these programs Server Program Linux and Unix operate by executing commands from the user s computer via client programs Client programs send requests to the server The server program receives client requests and responds to the client by executing super server programs to fulfill client requests For example in the case of FTP the client program ProFTP Calls the server program in ftpd which executes the requested services Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 107 Applications TCP_Wrapper Opinion is divided on wh
32. in addr arpa local rev The zone file and reverse file are acquired from the primary server IP address 000 168 0 2 and then a backup file is created As the configuration for the primary server is rather complicated we will use an example of a connection to the OCN economy internet site to explain OCN s web site has information on configuring The home page of Open Communications Networks Inc is http www ocn com For more information see R ferences for BIND and Resolver on page 2 24 Configuration Example OCN economy example Setup has the six files which are shown below The files etc named boot and etc resolv conf are required the others are optional These choices are specified within the etc named boot file File Name Actual File Name example boot file etc named boot resolver file etc resolv conf cache file var named named root loop back file var named 0 0 127 in addr arpa normal file var named example1 com inverse file var named 2 0 168 000 in addr arpa 2 12 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Domain Name Server BIND The following assumptions are used to create an example of a configuration IP address 000 168 0 0 000 168 0 15 subnet mask 255 255 255 240 domain name examplel com secondary domain name 203 139 160 69 host name ns tk011 0cn ad us 203 139 161 37 host name pns ocn ad us In the case that a primary name domain is created beforehand the IP address al
33. one of the following configure commands shell gt configure prefix usr local mysql shell gt configure prefix usr local localstatedir usr local mysql data The first command changes the installation prefix so that everything is installed under usr local mysql rather than the default of usr local The second command preserves the default installation prefix but overrides the default location for database directories normally usr local var and changes it to usr local mysql data If you are using Unix and you want the MySQL socket located somewhere other than the default location normally in the directory tmp or var run use a configure command like this shell gt configure with unix socket path usr local mysql tmp mysql sock NOTE The given file must be an absolute pathname If you want to compile statically linked programs for example to make a binary distribution or to get more speed run configure like this shell gt configure with client ldflags all static with mysqld ldflags all static 2 104 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide SQL Database Server MySQL If you are using gcc and don t have libg Or libstdc installed you can tell configure to use gcc as your C compiler shell gt CC gcc CXX gcc configure When you use gcc as your C compiler it will not attempt to link in 1ibg Or libstdc If the build fails and produces errors about your
34. the above mount can be done with this alone mount mnt usr 2 56 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Network File System NFS Thisisan extremely simple mount example In actual practice many options can be given to mount on the command line or edited into the etc fstab file Some of the more popular options detailed below are rsize wsize hard soft and timeo rsize Specifies the read buffer size Default is 1024 Although there is an upper limit the bigger the value the faster the transfer speed wsize Specifies the write buffer size Default 1024 hard Even when the server is down connection requests can continue When the server is down the message server not responding appears on the console soft When there is no NFS server response for a while the kernel is allowed to time out timeo Specifies the length of the time out when soft has been set An example of etc fstab that uses the above optionsis nfssvr usr mnt usr nfs noauto rw rsize 8192 wsize 8192 soft timeo 1000 In this case the read and write buffer sizes are set to 8192 bytes each and after the server has been down for 1000 ms time out begins Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 57 Applications NFS Security NFS is a kind of server that has elements problematic for system security It is recommended that it be used only on a local network behind a firewall and that th
35. the directory alias names for names not listed in DocumentRoot e ScriptAlias Specifies the directory alias names for CGI scripts and other executable files Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 39 Applications access conf Confirm the contents of the access conf file with the following command less etc httpd conf access conf A display similar to that below should appear lines commented out with are omitted lt Directory gt Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None lt Directory gt lt Directory home httpd html gt Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None order allow deny allow from all lt Directory gt lt Directory home httpd cgi bin gt AllowOverride None Options ExecCGI lt Directory gt The format of the access conf file is similar to the HT ML format standard The linesfrom lt Directory filename gt t0 lt Directory gt i e the first four lines of the above listing configure the directory By default the directories are set to the root directory HTML directory home httpd html and cgi bin directory home httpd cgi bin O ther directories can be added Options The main options are as follows None disables all options All enables all options Indexes when the Directorylndex srm conf is not specified this displays a list of directories 2 40 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide http Server Apache Exe
36. the user account set in the guest account parameter of the Global section 2 72 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide OS Integration Samba e read only Determines whether the home directory is read only or writing is also allowed This parameter must be either Yes or No The default is N o e force group Here you can force the setting of group ownership of the files and directories created in this directory The default is public e force create mode H ere you can force the setting of permissions of files created in this directory The default is 644 e force directory mode Here you can force the setting of permissions of directories created in this directory The default is 755 tmp Section This section isan example of the configuration you can use when you want to share a temporary directory read only It isnot essential but there may occasions when it is needed e comment This contains some explanation of the directory When this directory is browsed by a Windows client on a networked computer this string will be displayed in a comment column The default is Read only file space e path Specifies the full path of the shared directories The default is tmp e guest ok Determines whether access from a quest account is allowed or not If itis allowed access will be allowed from the user account set in the guest account parameter of the global Section Turbolinu
37. versions 2 1 102 and above Under Linux packet filtering is built into the kernel Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 meets this criteria Linux ipchains is a rewrite of the Linux I Pv4 firewalling code and a rewrite of ipfwad A firewall is a device that protects a private network from the internet as a whole The firewall computer can reach both the protected network and the Internet The protected network cannot Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 25 Applications reach the Internet and the Internet cannot reach the protected network There are two types of firewalls IP or Filtering Firewalls that block all but selected network traffic and Proxy Servers that make the network connections for you To get started quickly we suggest you read about ipchains and firewall configuration in the following documents e man ipchains e usr share doc packages ipchains 1 3 9 HOWTO 1xt gz To read the ipchains document use the command zless usr share doc packages ipchains 1 3 9 HOWTO txt gz The package containing ipchainsis found on the Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 Install CD under RPMS s390 ipchains 1 3 9 3 8390 rpm Name ipchains configuration file etc sysconfig ipchains rules startup script etc rc d init d ipchains related files proc net ip_fwchains proc net ip_masquerade ipchains Package Contents To view the contents of the ipchains package use the rpm q1 option
38. you should keep an eye on the output and run it again if needed If it keeps failing change the permissions yourself lpr Pqueue remote dom org lt filename gt NOTE You must have Ipd running Lpd is the line printer daemon and is normally invoked at boot time from the rc g file References for LPRng e http wwwaastart com Iprng LPRng html e http wwwastart com lprng LPRng HOWTO html e man lpd e man lpd perms Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 81 Applications Programming Languages perl Python This section addresses two programming languages that are included with Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 Perl Perl isa high level programming language that derives primarily from the C programming language and to a lesser extent from sed awk the Unix shell and several other tools and languages Perl s process file and text manipulation facilities make it particularly well suited for tasks involving quick prototyping system utilities software tools system management tasks database access graphical programming networking and world wide web programming 2 82 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Programming Languages perl Python Perl Package Contents To view the contents of the Per1 package use the rpm q1 option as shown below rpm ql perl The command returns the listing shown below usr bin a2p usr bin c
39. 1 a TFTP Reference e TheTFTP package contains the following man pages tftp in tftpd tftpd 2 30 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide File Transfer Protocol Server ProFTP File Transfer Protocol Server ProFTP ProFTP isan ftp client and server developed by Labtam which allows the user to transfer files between a PC and aremote computer using the ARPANET standard File Transfer Protocol The program can transfer files in two different format types ASCII format for text files and Binary format for image files FTP must run on a machine that is configured for TCP IP network communication or Internet access Access can be gained through Winsock and the use of any dial up provider a Remote Access Server RAS or a direct connection via a local area network that supports TCP IP In order for FTP to communicate with a remote computer that computer must have a server implementation of FTP FTP server based on TCP IP transports You can be connected to only one remote computer at a time during an FTP session However you can run multiple FTP sessions FTP clients simultaneously in separate windows with each session connected to a different host ProFTP isfound on the Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 Install CD under RPMS s390 proftpd 1 2 0rc2 1 s390 rpm Name ProFTP daemon usr sbin proftpd configuration file etc proftpd proftpd conf startup script etc rc d init d inet ProFTP Package Cont
40. 1 13 df and du disk usage 1 29 find 1 20 grep searching for strings 1 21 gzip compressing and expanding files 1 22 kill stopping processes 1 26 man online manuals 1 35 mkdir make directory 1 16 mv move 1 14 1 15 ps processes 1 25 pwd print working directory 1 12 rm and rmdir remove files 1 16 rpm and turbopkg packages 1 33 tar creating and extracting files 1 23 Compressing and expanding gzip files 1 22 cp copy command 1 13 Creating adirectory 1 16 Creating and extracting tar files 1 23 customer support xi D daemons about 2 4 Deleting files 1 16 user accounts 1 6 Devices 1 28 Directories deleting 1 16 working with 1 10 Directory changing 1 11 creating 1 16 Disk usage df du command 1 29 F Files changing names 1 15 copying 1 13 deleting 1 16 moving 1 14 viewing 1 17 working with 1 10 find command 1 20 G grep searching for strings command 1 21 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide l 1 gzip compressing and expanding files command 1 22 H H alt system at login screen 1 9 Help online manuals 1 35 httpd configuration file 2 36 startup 2 35 httpd Startup Script 2 35 l inetd 2 107 configuration file 2 111 defaults 2 89 2 112 package contents 2 88 2 114 install RPM packages 2 3 inverse file reverse 2 18 K kill stopping processes command 1 26 L less command 1 17 Loggingin 1 2 loop back file 2 16 LPRng 2 78 M mkd
41. 255 0 allow NIS Package Contents To view the contents of the NIS ypserv package use the rpm q1 option as shown below rpm ql ypserv Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 59 Applications This command returns the listing shown below etc rce d init d yppasswdd etc rce d init d ypserv etc ypserv conf usr include rpcsvc ypxfrd x usr lib yp usr lib yp create_printcap usr lib yp makedbm usr lib yp match_printcap usr lib yp mknetid usr lib yp pwupdate usr lib yp revnetgroup usr lib yp yphelper usr lib yp ypinit usr lib yp ypxfr usr lib yp ypxfr_lperday usr lib yp ypxfr_lperhour usr lib yp ypxfr_2perday usr sbin rpc_yppasswdd usr sbin yp rpc_ypxfrd usr sbin yppush var yp var yp Makefile var yp securenets NOTE The contents of usr share doc packages ypserv 1 3 9 are omitted The relevant contents of usr share man are found under References for NIS on page 2 63 NIS Operation Confirmation The operation of ypserv can be checked using the ps command as shown below ps aux grep ypserv 2 60 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Network Information Service NIS If ypserv is operating properly the above command returns the message shown below Check that the program name ypserv appears at the far right of the listing root 3183 0 0 1 3 1140 404 ttyl S 22 47 0 00 grep ypserv If you do not see something similar to the message sho
42. 28 time 0 64 bytes 000 168 0 2 icmp_seq 0 tt1l 128 time 0 0 0 0 2 ms 2 64 bytes 000 168 0 2 icmp_seq 0 tt1l 128 time 0 2 2 ms ms ms ms 64 bytes 000 168 0 2 icmp_seq 0 tt1l 128 time 0 64 bytes 000 168 0 2 icmp_seq 0 tt1l 128 time 0 000 168 0 2 ping statistics anno uo Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 19 Applications 5 packets transmitted 5 packets received 0 packet loss round trip min avg max 0 5 0 5 0 5 ms If you seen a display similar to the one above your network is working properly Check the internal domain host and external host connection in the same way Checking using nslookup is performed in the following manner 1 First change your own IP address to the host name Check that the host name is properly changed to the IP address 2 Using the same method confirm that the internal domain host name is changed 3 Last check that the external internet host is properly changed Enter the nslookup command nslookup Default Server ns examplel com Address 000 168 0 2 Aliases 2 0 168 000 in addr arpa Thisis what the displayed output should look like When you first start ns lookup it may take a while to finish running Next using your own or the domain internal host name to a test to see if you can retrieve the IP address information Asin the following example if you are able to lookup this type of information you system is working properly
43. 2ph usr bin find2perl usr bin h2ph usr bin h2xs usr bin perl usr bin perll15 usr bin per115 00503 usr bin perldoc usr bin pl2pm usr bin pod2html1 usr bin pod2latex usr bin pod2man usr bin pstruct usr bin s2p usr bin sper15 00503 usr bin suidperl usr lib perl15 usr lib per15 5 00503 usr lib per15 man usr lib per15 man man3 usr lib per15 site_perl usr lib perl5 site_perl 5 005 usr lib perl5 site_perl 5 005 i386 Linux NOTE The contents of usr lib perl15 5 00503 usr lib perl5 man man3 and usr man mani are omitted The man pages are listed below under Pel References Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 83 Applications Perl References e The Perl Mongers Perl Advocacy site http www perl org e O Reilly Publications Perl website http www perl com e Perl contains the man pages listed below a2p perldsc perlform perllol perltie perl perlembed perlopentug perlpod perltoc perlapio perlfag perlguts perlport perltoot perlbook perlfaql perlhist perlre perltrop perlbot perlfaq2 perlreftut perlref perlvar perlbug perlfagq3 perllocale perlipe perlxs perlcall perlfaq4 perlthrtut perlrun perlmod perldata perlfaq5 perlxstut perlsec s2p perldebug perlfaq6 perlmodinstall perlstyle perldelta perlfaq 7 perlmodlib perlsub perldiag perlfags8 perlobj perlsyn perldoc perlfaq9 perlop perlfunc There are approximately 150 man pages listed under
44. Check that networking is up S NETWORKING no amp amp exit 0 x usr sbin rpc nfsd exit 0 x usr sbin rpc mountd exit 0 x etc exports exit 0 Number of servers to be started up by default RPCNESDCOUNT 8 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 51 Applications S how we wer called case start stop wo 0 in Start daemons echo Starting NFS services usr sbin exportfs r echo n Starting NFS statd daemon rpc statd echo echo n Starting NFS quotas daemon rpc rquotad echo echo n Starting NFS mountd daemon rpc mountd echo echo n Starting NFS daemon daemon rpc nfsd SRPCNFSDCOUNT echo touch var lock subsys nfs r Stop daemons echo n Shutting down NFS services usr sbin exportfs au echo n Shutting down NFS mountd killproc rpc mountd echo echo n Shutting down NFS daemon killproc nfsd echo echo n Shutting down NFS quotas killproc rpc rquotad echo echo n Shutting down NFS statd killproc rpc statd echo rm f var lock subsys nfs r status status rpc statd 2 52 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Network File System NFS restar reload probe esac exit 0 status rpc mountd status nfsd status rpc rquotad YANA t echo n Restarting NFS services echo n rpc statd killall
45. User Guide OS Integration Samba Standalone Mode Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 starts Samba in standalone mode by default In this manual our focus will be on standalone mode but following are some hints for using Samba in Superserver mode Superserver Mode To start Samba in superserver mode add the following two lines to the etc inetd conf file then restart inetd netbios ssn stream tcp nowait root usr sbin smbd netbios sn dgram udp wait root usr sbin nmbd Superserver Mode with TCP_Wrapper To start Samba in superserver mode using TCP_Wrapper add the following two lines to the etc inetd conf file then restart inetd swat ssn stream tcp nowait root usr sbin tcpd usr sbin smbd swat sn dgram udp wait root usr sbin tcpd usr sbin smbd Starting and Stopping Samba To utilize Samba first enable SWAT in etc inetd conf file vi etc inetd conf Then uncomment the line that contains the following swat stream tcp nowait 400 root usr sbin swat swat After any changes are made in the inetd conf file one must restart the daemon Use the following commands killall HUP etc inetd conf etc rce d init d inetd conf restart Samba Startup Script etc rc d init d smb The Samba startup script is etc rc d init d smb Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 65 Applications The startup script can take the following options start stop restart and status When
46. YANA status status postmaster mr 2 96 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide SQL Database Management System PostgreSQL restart 0 stop 0 start mr echo Usage postgresql start stop status restart exit 1 esac exit 0 PostgreSQL Operation Confirmation PostgreSQ L s operation can be checked using the ps command as shown below ps aux grep postgresql If postgreSQL is operating properly the above command should return the message shown below Check that the program name postgresql appears at the far right of the listing root 2890 0 0 1 3 1140 404 ttyl S 15 54 0 00 grep postgresql If you do not see something similar to the message shown above either postgreSQ L isnot operating properly or it was not installed Restart or reinstall it For more information see M anaging System Processes on page 1 25 and Listing and Installing Packages on page 1 33 PostgreSQL Configuration Parameters The following information is from the PostgreSQL Administrator s Guide found at http postgresq readysetnet com userslounge docs 6 5 admin The full set of parameters available in configure can be obtained by typing configure help Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 97 Applications The following parameters may be of interest to installers Directory and file names prefix PREFIX bindir DIR libdir DIR includedir DIR mand
47. a aiine had fa aA niet Galea 1 2 Managing User Accounts 1 4 Closing a Linux Session 1 8 Working with Files and Directories 1 10 Managing System Processes 1 25 Managing Devicesin IA Woe ng See ie ee 1 28 Listing and InstallingPackages 1 33 Accessing Online Manuals 1 35 APPLICATIONS sise sna tite ow Ac a Seen eh Gee a de 2 1 RPM Package Operations 2 3 Domain Name Server BIND 2 6 Firewall Maintenance ipchains 2 25 File Transfer Protocol Client TFTP 2 29 File Transfer Protocol Server ProFTP 2 31 http Server Apache 2 35 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol OpenLDAP 2 44 Network File System NFS 2 49 Network Information Service NIS 2 59 OSIntegration Samba 2 64 Printing Facilities LPRng 2 78 Programming Languages perl Python 2 82 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Index Proxy Caching Server Sguid 2 87 RPC Program Number Converter Portmap 2 91 SQL Databa
48. after installation is complete NOTE Only the superuser can use the useradd and passwd commands 1 4 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Managing User Accounts You can create new user accounts with the commands useradd and passwd 1 useradd User name to be added Add a user account with the following command using jon as the user name useradd jon At this point the password for the user account jon has not been set so it would still be impossible for this user to actually log in Set the password for the user account just created as follows w passwd jon The system displays Changing password for user jon New UNIX password When the above message appears set the password The system displays Retype new UNIX password Confirm identity by entering the password again passwd all authentication tokens updated successfully The above message indicates that the password has been set Changing a Password To change an already existing password type the passwd command and follow the prompt For example to change user charles password passwd charles The system displays Changing password for user charles New UNIX password Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 1 5 Basic Commands Handling Error Messages When setting a password you may receive one of the following messages BAD PASSWORD it is too short You tried to
49. and returns the following contents order hosts bind multi on Below isthe process for running the order program In this case first test the name resolution function If it does not resolve it means you are running bind The multi on message means that if the name resolution results in multiple addresses they will be processed With multi off only the first address found will be used in a response The file etc resolv conf is for use by the domain name and name server Display this configuration file using the less command as shown below less etc resolv conf A typical example of the contents of etc resolv conf is shown below domain examplel com search examplel com nameserver 000 168 0 2 The word domain here denotes the domain associated with the server The word search denotes the auxiliary domain to be used when no domain is returned by the host inquiry Nameserver isthe name server program Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 23 Applications References for BIND and Resolver Bind Berkeley Internet Name Domain http www isc org bind html DEC Digital Equipment Corporation http www dec com Compad Digital Equipment http www unix digital com faqs publications base_doc ISC Internet Software Consortium http www isc org The home page of OCN Inc http www ocn com The following man pages are available for bind hostname mailaddr bind named named con
50. b server which is quite likely to receive persistent requests for a particular connection The mail server program sendmail is also frequently executed in standalone mode for the same reason According to the situation the appropriate mode should be selected Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 109 Applications Name daemon configuration file startup script log file related files inetd ust sbin inetd etc inetd conf etc rc d init d inet var lock subsys inet etc services service name and port number list etc protocols protocol name and port number list inetd Startup Options The following options can be specified when starting inetd d c maximum C rate set debug mode create a log file specifics the maximum number of daemons at startup time The maximum is specified for each service The ax child parameter can be used asa superscript specify in 1 minute units the maximum IP address daemons startup default setting The maximum connections per ip per minute parameter allowed for each service can be used as a superscript specify in 1 minute units the maximum services at startup Default is 256 specify the IP address to listen to specifies the file holding the process IDs other than the default process 2 110 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Super Server inetd inetd Configuration File etc inetd conf At startup inetd reads
51. cCGl Includes IncludesNO EXEC FollowSymL inks SymL inksl fO wnerM atch enables running CGI files enables running SSI Server Side Include enables running SSI but with the exec Command will run CGI and with the include command disables running enables symbolic linking enables symbolic linking only when explicitly allowed by the process owner AllowOverride This is the access control file Designates process when htaccess is present The available options are shown below None All AuthConfig Filelnfo Indexes Limit Options disables all htaccess options enables all htaccess options enables only those settings explicitly set in htaccess enables only those formats explicitly set in htaccess enables only those lists displays explicitly set in htaccess enables only those access Operations explicitly set in htaccess enables only those target directories explicitly defined in htaccess Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 41 Applications order Specifies the priority of permission granting denial for access The available options are shown below allow deny order of decision process is allow then deny deny allow order of decision process is deny allow mutual failure grants permission only when both allow and deny conditions are satisfied AllowFrom and DenyFrom Specifies access permission and access denial Available options are shown below
52. com IN NS ns2 provider ad 3 2 16 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Domain Name Server BIND example1 com IN NS ns3 provider ad 4 example1 com IN MX 10 ns2 example1 com 5 localhost IN A 127 0 0 1 6 ns example1 com IN A 000 168 0 2 7 unix example1 com IN A 000 169 0 3 8 wint example1 com N A 000 168 04 9 mac1 example1 com IN A 000 168 05 10 mail example1 com IN CNAME ns example1 com 11 www example1 com IN CNAME ns examplet1 com 12 ftp example1 com IN CNAME ns examplet1 com 13 1 The configuration serial number value Any value is acceptable However when changing the file or reconfiguring be sure to increment the number value In the line with IN NS NS isan abbreviation for Name Server that configures the name server host 2 3 and 4 are the primary secondary and tertiary host names settings In this case they are ns examplel com ns2 examplel com and ns3 examplel com respectively In the line with IN MX MX stands for Mail eX change 5 shows the value of the mail server priority order The smaller the value the higher the priority H ere the mail server host name is also specified in this case the primary name server and mail server are the same Thus the high value of 10 is sets a lower priority for the mail server host ns examplel com In the IN A line A stands for Address the host name corresponding to the IP address 6 The IP address for the local
53. compiler or linker not being able to create the shared library libmysqiclient so where isa version number you can work around this problem by giving the disable shared option to configure In this case configure will not build a shared libmysqlclient so library You can configure MySQL not to use default column values for non NULL columns that is columns that are not allowed to be NULL This causes INSERT statements to generate an error unless you explicitly specify values for all columns that require anon NULL value To suppress use of default values run configure like this shell gt CXXFLAGS DDONT_USE_DEFAULT_FIELDS configure By default MySQL uses the SO 8859 1 Latin1 character set To change the default set use the with charset option shell gt configur with charset CHARSET CHARSET may be one of big5 cp1251 cp1257 czech danish dec8 dos euc_kr gb2312 gbk german1 hebrew hp8 hungarian koi8 ru koi8 ukr latin1 latin2 sjis swe7 tis620 ujis usa7 or winl251ukr If you want to convert characters between the server and the client you should take a look at the SET OPTION CHARACTER SET command Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 105 Applications ATTENTION If you change character sets after having created any tables you will have to run myisamchk r q on every table Your indices may be sorted incorrectly otherwise This can happen if yo
54. d conf stopd at conf stopd oc conf ldaptemplates conf Ildapfilter conf ldapsearchprefs conf ldapserver conft defaultbase ldap Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 47 Applications References for OpenLDAP OpenLDAP http www openidap org University of Michigan LDAP http www umich edu dirsvcs Idap index html and http www umich edu dirsvcs Idap doc Manually Implementing Roaming Access http help netscape com products client communicator manual_roaming2 html Customizing LDAP Settings for Communicator 4 5 http developer netscape com docs manuals communicator Idap45 htm OpenLDAP has eleven man pages listed in the table below ldapadd ldapdelete ildapmodrdn ud ldapfilter conf ldapsearchprefs conf ldapsearch ldapmodify ldaptemplates conf ud conft ldapfriendly Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Network File System NFS Network File System NFS NFS Network File System makes it possible to share files between hosts that are connected to a network Supported by most installations of Unix itis an extremely convenient way to transfer fileson Unix Also with some additional software you can support NFS on operating systems other than Unix and transparently transfer files between many computers On Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 you can install knfsd which boosts performance over an NFS server that is traditio
55. d cont srm conf detailed settings for related html documents etc httpd cont access conf access operation configuration etc mime types listing of MIME file types To utilize Apache s wide range of features you must configure the above files Detailing all of Apache s many features would take several volumes below we explain the basic features 2 36 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide http Server Apache httpd conf The httpd conf file is for the overall configuration setting for the httpd daemons Confirm the contents of httpd conf using the following command less etc httpd conf httpd conf This should return the following display ServerType standalone Port 80 HostnameLookups off User nobody Group nobody ServerAdmin webmaster example com ServerRoot etc httpd ErrorLog logs error_log LogLevel warn LogFormat Sh 1 u St Sr gt s Sb common CustomLog logs access_log common NOTE Linescommented out with are omitted The basic directives are e ServerType Directives can change the startup mode of httpd to either standalone Or inetd mode The default is standalone mode Httpd can start in standalone mode or super server mode but unless you have a special reason there are strong arguments for starting in the standalone mode Apache sets standalone as the default e Port Httpd sets the port number at which client requests for connection are received The d
56. dds the line numbers to the display of the search results Compressing and Expanding Files gzip Use gzip GNU Zip to compress or expand gzip file extension gz type files gzip options file name Typical options are d Decompress the file f Force an overwrite of a file with the same name v Verbosely display the results For example compress all the txt files under the current directory gzip v txt filel txt 82 6 replaced with filel txt gz file2 txt 53 0 replaced with file2 txt gz file3 txt 72 2 replaced with file3 txt gz file4 txt 75 3 replaced with file4 txt gz file5 txt 66 5 replaced with file5 txt gz When the gz extension has been affixed to each file that file has been compressed With the v option the effect of the operation is also displayed 1 22 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Working with Files and Directories Next expand all the files that were compressed with the previous command S gzip dv gz filel txt gz 82 6 replaced with filel txt gz file2 txt gz 53 0 replaced with file2 txt gz file3 txt gz 72 2 replaced with file3 txt gz file4 txt gz 75 3 replaced with file4 txt gz file5 txt gz 66 5 replaced with file5 txt gz Creating and Extracting Archives tar Usethe tar Tape file ARchiver command to create an archive or to extract a file or files from an archive tar options file name of archive
57. e administrator carefully scrutinize the access permissions for etc exports In applying portmap access control have a policyin place only to accept RPC calls from specifically designated clients References for NFS Server e Sun Microsystems http www sun com e NFS has the five man pages listed below nfs nfsd fs fstab exports 2 58 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Network Information Service NIS Network Information Service NIS NIS isan abbreviation for Network Information Service It is used to share information about computers on the network such as login names passwords home directories etc passwd and groups etc group This section discusses how to configure an NIS server and clients Name ypserv daemon usr sbin ypserv configuration file etc ypserv conf startup script etc rc d init d ypserv etc rc d init d yppasswdd Running portmap To use NIS you must be running portmap Normally when Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 boots portmap is not started Enter the following command to do a portmap run check etc rc d init d portmap status If portmap is running you will see portmap pid 168 is running The portmap included in Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 references the TCP_Wrapper access control files etc hosts allow and etc host deny therefore you must add the following line to the etc hosts allow file portmap 000 168 1 0 255 255
58. e log files weekly weekly keep 4 weeks worth of backlogs rotate 4 send errors to root errors root create new empty log files after rotating old ones create truncate the original log file in place after creating a copy copytruncate compress log file copies compress don t complain about missing log files missingok RPM packages drop log rotation information into this directory include etc logrotate d Less 28 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 1 19 Basic Commands If only a part of the file fits onto one screen a line appears at the bottom saying Less xx in which xx is the percentage of the file that has been displayed An abbreviated version of the less command is called more more options name of file to view Finding Files find Use the find command to search for files find options path to search target expressions Typical find expressions are name string pattern Search for files that match string pattern name string pattern Search for files that match string pattern ignoring the distinction between upper and lower case path string pattern Search for files that match string pattern which includes the full path name path string pattern Search for files that match string pattern which includes the full path name and ignores the distinction between upper and lower case uid user ID S
59. e server enter the following commands etc rc d init d ypserv start etc rce d init d yppasswd start To run the server the next time the system reboots enable the server by using the chkconfig command chkconfig add ypserv chkconfig add yppasswd Client Settings Add the following entry to the end of the etc passwd file Add the following entry to the end of the etc group file Start ypbind using the following command etc re d init d ypbind start To run ypbind on the next reboot enable ypbind by using the chkconfig command as follows chkconfig add ypbind Test to see if NIS is running properly like this ypwhich 2 62 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Network Information Service NIS This command should return the following nissvr turbolinux com lt The NIS server name is displayed ypcat passwd userl ylkXjJOSM2R5rQ 501 501 home usri bin bash user2 aqFAzdBEx8iZE 502 502 home user2 bin bash How to Specify a Server by Means of ypbind Edit the etc yp conf file domain domain name server server name How to Add a New User to the NIS Server A new user may be added to the NIS server with the useradd command useradd user name To refresh the NIS database run use lib yp ypinit m References for NIS The following man pages are available for ypserv netgroup ypserv conf makedbm mknetid pwupdate revnetgroup rpc
60. ect Below we shown several ways of restarting By examining the startup script inetd you can see that the methods use essentially the same process killall HUP inetd It is possible to use any of the methods shown killall HUP inetd etc re d init d inet restart etc rc d init d inet reload Configuration Example The example below shows the steps in setting up service permissions using ftp It uses the case of a single client host connection in which the server host IP address is 000 168 1 52 and the client IP address is 000 168 1 53 in which ftp provides the permissions 1 Locate the place in etc inetd conf where you find the line with ftp commented out with symbol at the beginning of the line and remove the symbol ftp stream tcp nowait root usr sbin tcpd in ftpd l a With an editor program change the line as shown below and save the file ftp stream tcp nowait root usr sbin tcpd in ftpd 1 a 2 To enable these changes input the command below to restart inetd killall HUP inetd 3 Alter the TCP_Wrapper configuration file At the end of the etc hosts allow file append the following line ALL 000 168 1 52 allow Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 113 Applications inetd Package Contents The inetd component is not included in the main Turbolinux package To view the contents of the inetd package use the rpm q1 option as shown below rpm ql inetd The command results
61. efault value is 80 Port 80 is widely known to the computing public as the client port for the httpd server This is also the httpd server s port used by the WKS Well Known Services record Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 37 Applications Unless you have a special reason such as wishing to display only selected users or to start httpd from a directory other than the root it isrecommended that you maintain the default value e HostnameLookups Determines whether the access log file of client requests records the host name or the IP address The default of OFF records IP addresses This is the recommended setting e User and Group Sets the user and group names of the httpd process owner The defaults are nobody for both user and group The httpd process that is the home page intentionally sets the security level very low by using nobody on the assumption that many and unspecified users will use the system Unless you have a special reason maintain the default setting If you should change the setting be particularly careful about specifying the user and group settings for the selected users e ServerAdmin Sets the mail address for the httpd manager The default is root localhost A message from the manager can be added here The default setting is fine however if there are several web managers it is convenient to substitute the address of a web manager mail list instead Note the above example use
62. ents To view the contents of the ProFT P package use the rpm q1 option as shown below rpm ql proftpd Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 31 Applications The following is an abbreviated listing of the results etc pam d proftp etc proftpd ftpusers etc proftpd proftp conf usr bin ftpcount usr bin ftpwho usr bin ftpshut usr bin in proftpd usr bin proftpd NOTE The online manual files and the contents of the ust share doc packages proftpd 1 2 0pre10 folder are omitted from this list ProFTP Startup Script and Options The ProFTP startup script is located in etc rc d init d inet Use the following command to access it etc rce d init d inet start stop restart ProFTP Configuration File etc proftpd proftpd conf To read the very well documented ProFTP configuration file enter the following command less etc proftpd proftpd conf 2 32 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide File Transfer Protocol Server ProFTP The following isan abbreviated listing of the result ServerName Test Installation ServerTypeinetd DefaultServeron ServerIdentoff Port21 Umask022 askInstances30 PAMConfigProFTP AuthPAMAuthoritativeOn Usernobody Groupnobody lt Directory gt AllowOverwriteOn lt Directory gt ProFTP Operation Confirmation To confirm that ProFTP is running properly enter the following command ps aux grep proftp r
63. erisk directories are marked with an backslash NOTE In Turbolinux is issetasan aliasforis F If no file or directory names are given the files and directories of the current directory are listed For example see below how the various options work with home jon 1 10 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Working with Files and Directories No options In Turbolinux this is equivalent to the F option ls home jon core nsmail The files and directories names alone are shown Option ls 1 home jon total 352 WA Ses 1 jon jon 356352 Aug 27 07 25 core ha eces 2 jonjon1024 Aug 27 01 01 nsmail Detailed information for each file and directory is also shown a Option The table below shows the results of the ls command with the a option All files and directories in the current directory including hidden files and directories and subdirectories are shown ls a home jon bashrc lang Ksession sh elvisrc less 1 Kdefaults emacs rhosts 2 bash history emacs el screenrc jont bash_logout EXIC teshre bash profile inputre Vimrc Changing to a Different Directory cd Use the ca Change working Directory command to change the current directory to another one cd name of the desired directory Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 1 11 Basic Commands With no directory name cd changes the directory to the user
64. et the file s numeric user ID and search user user name Set the file s owner user name and search gid group ID Set the file s numeric group ID and search 1 20 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Working with Files and Directories group group name Set the file s group group name and search For example search for all files that end with conf under etc find etc name conf etc host conf etc inetd conf etc nsswitch conf etc ld so conf lt ines omitted gt etc named conf etc irquery conf etc resolv conf etc modules conf You can use wildcards and etc when setting the string pattern Searching for Strings grep Use the grep Global Regular Expression Printer command to search for a text string within text files grep options string pattern for search target files Typical options are 4 Ignore the distinction between upper and lower case in the search From the usual search results display only the name of the file n Display line numbers xX Search for only those matches that match the whole string pattern line Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 1 21 Basic Commands For example to search for the string pattern prompt in all the files under etc Iftp conf grep n prompt etc lftp conf 7 make prompt look better 8 set prompt lftp u h w The n option a
65. etc re d init d portmap init The NFS startup script is etc rc d init d nfs Startup script options are start stop and restart Once you change the settings of NFS you must restart it in order for the changes to go into effect The syntax of the NFS startup script is etc rce d init d nfs start stop restart status 2 50 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Network File System NFS Use the status option to check the current status of NFS If NFS is running the return will resemble the following root 766 0 2 0 2 1764 732 S 08 13 0 00 nfsd If you do not see this return NFS may not be running or not installed You will have to start restart or install NFS For more information see M anaging System Processes on page 1 25 and Listing and Installing Packages on page 1 33 Display the contents of the NFS startup script with this command less etc rce d init d nfs The return of this command looks something like this bin sh nfs This shell script takes care of starting and stopping the NFS services chkconfig 345 85 20 description NFS is a popular protocol for file sharing across TCP IP networks This service provides NFS server func tionality which is configured via the etc exports file probe true Source function library etc re d init d functions Source networking configuration if f etc sysconfig network then exit 0 fi etc sysconfig network
66. ethe V option with the RPM command rpm V xxxxx 2 To verify all packages you can use rpm Va This may produce rather verbose output so it may be best to redirect output to a file for later viewing One way to to this is to follow this example rpm Va gt tmp chk allpkgs What Packages are Installed U se the qa option to query all installed packages The following command will list all installed packages in alphabetical order rpm qa sort more Daemons In Unix terminology daemon is customarily used to denote server programs Daemons are memory resident programs executed only when they receive a request from another program Server programs such as FTP and TELNET are generally implemented as daemons The names of most daemons end in d in the form xxxd 2 4 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide RPM Package Operations Note In this guide protocol names are shown in all upper case letters for example TELNET and FTP Client programs corresponding to these protocols are shown in lower case letter for example telnet and ftp While Internet protocols are precisely defined the particular method of implementing them often is not precisely defined Thus for the FTP protocol there are various program implementations such as ftp and ncftp each with minor variations Similarly even for a particular server there are various programs such as in ftpd or the expanded function version wu ftpd
67. ether TCP_Wrapper should be called a super server The reasoning behind calling TCP_Wrapper a Super server is e From the point of view of functionality it offers various server features for the control and management of servers e In terms of connectivity it permits close connections and program interchange with other super servers inetd etc Super Server Mode and Standalone Mode Super servers permit the direct control and management of server programs In standalone mode the control and management commands are executed directly On the other hand super server mode applies to programs executed under the control of the super server Whether a program isrun in super server or standalone mode depends on its function and role Super Server Functions and Role e System load reduction When programsare executed in standalone mode each server program must be resident in memory and this consumes a substantial amount of memory Typically all the server programs are not running In addition immediately after requests are processed the system returns to the wait state while the memory remains occupied The super server residesin memory as an agent on behalf of the server programs where it can manage memory usage and reduce the system load e System management load reduction In cases when numerous server programs are executed in standalone mode each server program must be managed individually It isimportant for system administrators to be ab
68. ever the Samba configuration is changed you must restart Samba in order for the changes to go into effect To start Samba etc rc d init d smb start To stop Samba etc rce d init d smb stop To restart Samba etc re d init d smb restart To check Samba s status etc re d init d smb status Samba Operation Confirmation Check if Samba is running with this command ps aux grep smb The return should resemble root 766 0 2 0 2 1764 732 S 08 13 0 00 smbd D If you do not see a result like this Samba may not be running or was not installed Restart or install it For more information see M anaging System Processes on page 1 25 and Listing and Installing Packages on page 1 33 Samba Configuration In this section we explain the settings on the server side how to directly configure the configuration file Samba gets its settings from the etc smb conf file a plain text file composed of several sections each of which is proceeded bya name surrounded by square brackets 1 Its name becomes the unit for 2 66 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide OS Integration Samba file sharing Each section which allows file sharing must correspond to a directory except printers public path home samba public This means that the settings in the public section apply to the home samba public directory Some section names are already reserved namely global homes and printers
69. f ndc named xfer The following man pages are available for bind utils dig dnskeygen dnsquery host irs conf resolv conf resolver named bootconf nslookup 2 24 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Firewall Maintenance ipchains Firewall Maintenance ipchains lpchains is used to set up maintain and inspect the firewall rules in the Linux kernel Connecting Linux to the internet building a firewall to protect your system from intruders and enabling network address translation for aLAN are frequent sources of questions All traffic through a network is sent in the form of packets For example downloading a 50 kilobyte package might cause you to receive 36 or so packets of 1460 bytes each The first part of each packet indicates its source and destination the type of the packet and other administrative details This part of the packet is called the header The rest of the packet containing the actual data being transmitted is usually called the body A packet filter is a piece of software that looks at the headers of packets as they pass through and decides the fate of the entire packet It might decide to deny the packet i e discard the packet as if it had never received it accept the packet i e let the packet go through or reject the packet like deny but tells the source of the packet that it has done so Linux ipchains is required to administer the IP packet filters in Linux kernel
70. formation tells the client programs that when a client wants to print ajob on the Ip printer that these jobs should be sent to the psqueue on host printerserver acme com On the printerserver the following printcap entry is used by the Ipd server to do the printing psqueue server lp dev 1p0 sd var spool l1pd psqueue if usr lib filters ifhp Simple Server Printcap Example Local ASCII printer lpl printer server cm Dumb printer lp dev 1p1 sd var spool l1pd 1pl if log af acct if usr lib filters lpf mx O sh sf 2 80 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Printing Facilities LPRng LPRng checkpc Utility The checkpc check printcap file is one of the most useful utilities in the LPRng package It performs the following functions e Readsall the configuration and printcap files e Tests whether devices are set up correctly e Sets the permissions for spool directories and device files e Truncates the accounting and log files to a maximum size e Remove old entries from queue directories For anew installation you will want to run checkpc f V to set permissions right The flag instructs the program to correct file permissions If you do not run this as root you will receive a warning about that fact and any chown 2 Calls will most likely fail The program reports everything it changes Since it is not too clever about some things visit the man page
71. g the startup script restart and reload perform the same operation inetd Operation Confirmation In Turbolinux Server inetd is set to operate by default Its operation can be checked using the ps command as shown below ps aux grep inetd If inetd is operating properly the above command should display the message shown below Check that the program name inetd appears at the far right of the listing root 163 0 0 1 2 792 400 S 15 20 0 00 inetd If you do not see the message shown above either inetd is not operating properly or it was not installed Restart inetd or reinstall it Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 115 Applications For more information see M anaging System Processes on page 1 25 and Listing and Installing Packages on page 1 33 inetd References e An inetd introduction is available at http www uwsg iu edu usail network services inetd html e man inetd e man inetd conf 2 116 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Index A access conf file 2 40 Account deleting 1 6 root 1 4 switching 1 6 Apache 2 35 B BIND 2 8 BIND Configration File 2 8 BIND Package Contents 2 7 C cat concatenate command 1 17 cd command 1 11 Changing file names 1 15 Changing password 1 5 Changing user accounts 1 4 checkpc Utility 2 81 Command kill stopping processes 1 26 Commands cat concatenate less more 1 17 cd change directory 1 11 cp copy
72. ging out first use the shutdown command as described in Closing a Linux Session on page 1 8 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 1 3 Basic Commands Managing User Accounts In Linux there are several references to root These references are e Theroot account e Theroot account s login directory e The root directory which isrepresented bya single forward slash The root account has superuser privileges Root has the greatest power and authority within the system When you log in as the root user you can access configure and run anything While this gives you a great amount of power it can also be risky to always log in as the root user You may not be able to recover from configuring something incorrectly or deleting an essential or important file To operate safely log in as an ordinary user and switch see Switching to Anothe User su on page 1 7 to a superuser when necessary When you have completed the task you need to perform as a superuser with root privileges log out of the root account NOTE Theroot account and password should be under the strict control of the person in charge of the system who is usually a system administrator Creating and Changing User Accounts useradd passwd During the installation of Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 the root account is created One user account can be created during installation All additional user accounts can be created
73. ging the file or reconfiguring be sure to increment the number value In this case the value is set to the date 2 18 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Domain Name Server BIND In the line with IN NS NS isa abbreviation for Name Server that configures the name server host 2 3 4 Are the primary secondary and tertiary host names settings In this case they are ns examplel com ns2 provider ad and ns3 provider ad respectively In the line with IN PTR PTR stands for PoinTer pointer 5 Sets the corresponding domain name in this case the domain name examplel com In the line with IN A the subnet mask is set 6 In this case the subnet mask is 255 255 255 240 and that is mask set 7 8 9 10 IP address number is attached at the end of each The PTR pointer record indicates the actual host name Configuration Check and Confirmation The proper operation of bind is checked using ping and nslookup Ping is included in the netkit base package together with inetd The nslookup program is available in RPM format in the bind utils package First use ping to test whether your own domain name in the host is returned to you when a message is sent to the external host In the example below your own address 000 168 0 2 is pinged To stop the ping program use lt CTRL gt c gt gt ping 000 168 0 2 PING 000 168 0 2 000 168 0 2 56 data bytes 64 bytes 000 168 0 2 icmp_seq 0 tt1l 1
74. hange default startup port set default maximum number of server processes build Tcl interfaces and pgtclsh tclConfig sh and tkConfig sh arein DIR build Perl interface build ODBC driver package change default directory for odbcinst ini enable assertion checks debugging use specific C compiler use specific C compiler prevent building C code Some systems may have trouble building a specific feature of PostgreSQL For example systems with a damaged C compiler may need to specify without CXX to instruct the build procedure to skip construction of libpq H References for PostgreSQL e PostgreSQL web home page http www postgresql org e PostgreSQL user s guide http postgresq readysetnet com userstounge docs 6 5 admin Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 99 Applic ations PostgreSQL has approximately 70 man pages listed in the table below close create_table createdb delete_index grant cluster create_table_as createlang delete language insert commit create_trigger createuser delete operator listen copy create_type deletedb delete_rule load create aggregate create user deletelang delete seguence lock create database create version deleteuser delete table move create function declare pgdump delete trigger notify create_index delete psa delete_type reset create language drop abort delete user revoke create operator delete aggregate lter_table end rollback create_rule
75. hasize words Monospace indicates utilities man help commands programs and text examples that need to be entered exactly as shown File names directory paths and daemons are shown in Arial font Buttons menu items or options are indicated by initial capital letters Other options messages and default settings are indicated by double quotes For example If you select Save Profile the message Profile save failed will appear The system prompt distinguishes the root user from an ordinary user who is designated bya s NOTE Take care not to mistake the representing the prompt for the root user from a which occasionally indicates a remark line in script The two are identical Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide ix Contacting Us We at Turbolinux Inc are constantly trying to improve our products and documentation We invite and value your feedback regarding any documentation inaccuracies insufficiencies errors or omissions We will fix such problems in the next release Please email us your feedback on any aspect of our products at s390 turbolinux com Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Technical Support For more information about support services and products from Turbolinux please go to http www turbolinux com 390 Email sales turbolinux com for more information about support packages available for purchase Please specify that you would
76. he cache file name is specified Download the most recent file version from ftp rs internic net domain named root H ere we have configured the name to the most recent 1 2 3 4 5 2 14 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Domain Name Server BIND file version named root In the primary line the configurations are setup for the loopback file the normal file zone file and the inverse file reverse file 3 The loopback file name is configured here In this case it is set to 0 0 127 in addr arpa 4 The normal file zone file is configured here Here it is examplellcom 5 The inverse file reverse file is configured here Be sure to set this to the network address to inverse of the normal address in this case 2 0 162 000 inaddr arpa Resolver File etc resolv conf Configuration Example domain example1 com 1 nameserver 000 168 0 2 2 nameserver 000 168 1 2 3 nameserver 000 168 2 2 4 1 In the domain line the domain name is set in this case examplel com The nameserver line configures the name server IP address At least two addresses must be specified the primary and secondary addresses 2 Sets the primary name server IP address in this case 000 168 1 2 3 Sets the secondary name server IP address In this case it is set to address provided by service provider namely 000 168 1 2 4 Sets the tertiary name server IP address Tertiary names are not essen
77. host localhost indicates your own host which is usually set as the 000 0 0 1 the value shown in this example 7 The IP address for ns examplel com in this case 000 168 0 2 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 17 Applications 8 9 10 The IP addresses for each host in this case unix1 examplel com winl examplel com and macl examplel com which correspond to IP addresses 000 168 0 3 000 168 0 4 and 000 168 0 5 respectively In the line with IN CNAME CNAME stands for Canonical NAME the standard name the aliasIN CNAME standard naming convention Sets the alias for the primary server 11 12 13 The aliasnames in this case the mail server name mail examplel com the web server name wwwexamplel com and the FTP server name ftp examplel com Inverse File reverse file var named 2 0 168 000 in addr arpa Configuration Example 2 0 168 000 in addr arpa IN SOA _ ns example1 com roots example1 com 19990318 Serial 1 10800 Refresh after 3 hours 3600 Retry after 1 hours 604800 Expire after 1 week 86400 Minimum TTL of 1 day IN NS ns example1 com 2 IN NS ns2 provider ad 3 IN NS ns3 provider ad 4 IN PTR example1 com 5 IN A 255 255 255 240 6 2 IN PTR ns examplei com 7 3 IN PTR unixt example1 com 8 4 IN PTR wint example1 com 9 5 IN PTR maci example1 com 10 1 The configuration serial number value Any value is acceptable H owever when chan
78. iated by the current terminal f Display the process hierarchy in a tree format J Display a detailed listing long format U Display the information in a user preferred format X Display also processes not initiated on the current terminal tty Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 1 25 Basic Commands For example you can display all the processes that are currently running Note This example shows only a partial listing of all running processes ps ax PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND 1 S 0 020 init 3 2 SW 0 00 kmcheck 3 SW 0 00 kflushd 4 SW 0 04 kupdate 5 SW 0 00 kpiod 6 SW 0 00 kswapd 159 S 0 06 syslogd m 0 167 S 0 00 klogd 177 S 0 00 usr sbin atd 187 S 0 01 crond 197 S 0 00 inetd 201 S 0 00 usr sbin sshd To display all the current processes in tree format use the command ps axf Stopping Processes kill Use the ki11 KILL process command to terminate processes kill options process ID The process ID isa unique number attached to each process The PID shown by the ps command refers to this number Typical options are List all signal names signal number Send the signal specified by the signal number to the process 1 26 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Managing System Processes Use the 1 option To display a list of all available signal numbers and names Note The result disp
79. in Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 you must use chkconfig to configure it so that it will run asa daemon after nrs is restarted chkconfig add nfs NFS Server Run Check Use export fs to check the status of NFS exports There are other possible uses for the export fs command Run man export fs for details Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 55 Applications With the example configuration of etc exports above export fs looks like this exportfs usr turbolinux com home your test home samba lt world gt The showmount command shows which clients have which directories mounted For example if host test2 turbolinux com has usr mounted it would look like this showmount a All mount points on cadiz calleprivada test2 turbolinux com usr Client Side Settings NFS servers may have a great number and variety of clients but here we restrict our explanation to Turbolinux Basically the client can use the mount command to mount directories that have been exported by the NFS server Asan example try to mount the usr directory of the NFS server nfssvr On mnt usr thus mount t nfs nfssvr usr mnt usr First you must have created the mount point directory By editing the etc fstab file you can use mount without giving all the command line options each time For example add the following line to your etc fstab file nfssvr usr mnt usr nfs noauto rw Given
80. in the listing shown below etc re d init d inet usr sbin inetd usr share doc packages inetd 0 16 usr share doc packages inetd 0 16 BUGS gz usr share doc packages inetd 0 16 ChangeLog gz usr share doc packages inetd 0 16 README gz usr man man5 inetd conf 5 gz usr man man8 inetd 8 gz inetd Startup Script The startup script for inetd is etc rc d init d inet The contents of the default startup script is shown below in slightly abbreviated form etc re d init d functions etc sysconfig network if S NETWORKING no then exit O fi f usr sbin inetd exit O case 1 in start echo n Starting INET services daemon inetd echo touch var lock subsys inet w stop echo n Stopping INET services killproc inetd echo rm f var lock subsys inet w vr 2 114 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Super Server inetd status status inetd restart reload killall HUP inet echo Usage inet start stop status restart reload exit 1 esac exit O Startup Script Command Line Options Command line options for the startup script etc rc d init d inet are shown below etc rc d init d inet start starts inetd etc rc d init d inet stop stops inetd etc rc d init d inet status displays status of inetd etc rc d init d inet restart restarts inetd etc rc d init d inet reload reloads inetd As you can see by examinin
81. ing installation Additional user accounts can be created after installation is complete The at the end of the prompt line distinguishes the root user from an ordinary user who is designated bya s For more information on the differences between a root user and normal user see M anaging User Accounts on page 1 4 Logging In Almost all access to the Turbolinux server is done remotely through telnet Or ssh Occasionally the word terminal is used in this document to describe the interface on the remote machine through which the user connects to the server At the terminal the login prompt displays hostname login 1 Enter a user name here and press lt ENTER gt Password 2 The system asks for a user password Enter the password that has been assigned to the user For security reasons the system does not display the password string username hostname currentdirectory 1 2 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Logging In A proper login prompt line is shown above For example if the hostname is Turbo and the login user is root the line appears as follows root Turbo root Logging Out Before you can close your Turbolinux session you need to log out Use the logout command from the command line 1 To log out enter the command root Turbo root logout 2 Press lt ENTER gt Shutting Down To conclude your Turbolinux session without log
82. ir make directory command 1 16 more command 1 17 Moving files 1 14 mv move command 1 14 1 15 MySQL Configuration 2 103 N Named Startup Script 2 9 named boot file 2 14 NFS 2 49 NFS Server Run Check 2 55 NFS Server Structure 2 49 NIS 2 59 NIS Domain Settings 2 61 normal file zone 2 16 0 Online manuals man command 1 35 OpenLDAP 2 44 P Packages rpm turbopkg about 1 33 packet about 2 25 Partitions 1 28 Password changing 1 5 error messages 1 6 Portmap 2 91 Portmap Package Contents 2 91 PostgreSQL 2 94 PostgreSQL Configuration Parameters 2 97 Powering down 1 9 Print Spooling 2 79 Printcap 2 80 Processes ps command 1 25 ProFTP 2 31 pwd print working directory command 1 12 R resolv conf file 2 15 Resolver configuration files 2 22 Resolver Program 2 22 rm and rmdir remove files command 1 16 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide root account 1 4 Root and swap partitions 1 28 rpm package manager using 1 33 RPM operations 2 108 S Searching for strings grep command 1 21 server functions and roles 2 108 Shutting down 1 8 srm conf file 2 39 Stopping processes kill command 1 26 Support policy xi Switching user accounts 1 6 T tar creating and extracting files command 1 23 TCP_Wrapper 2 108 about 2 108 TFTP 2 29 turbopkg package manager using 1 33 U uninstall RPM command 2 3 U ser accounts managing 1 4 V Viewing text files 1 17 T
83. ir DIR Features and packages disable FEATURE enable FEATURE ARG with PACKAGE ARG without PACKAGE install architecture independent filesin PREFIX usr local pgsql j user executablesin DIR EPREFIX bin object code librariesin DIR EPREFIX lib C header filesin DIR PREFIX include man documentation in DIR PREFIX man do not include FEATURE same as enable FEAT URE no include FEATURE ARG ses use PACKAGE ARG yes do not use PACKAGE same as with PACKAGE no enable and with options recognized with template templat with includes incdir with libs incdir use operating system template file see template directory site header files for tk tcl etc in DIR also search for libraries in DIR 2 98 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide SQL Database Management System PostgreSQL with libraries libdir also search for librariesin DIR nable local nable recod wit wi wi wit wit wi wi wit h mb encoding th pgport portnum h maxbackends n h tel h tclconfig tcldir h perl h odbc h odbcinst odbcdir nable cassert with CC compiler with CxXX compiler without CxXxX enable locale support enable cyrillic recode support enable multi byte support c
84. layed below isa partial list 1 5 9 13 18 22 26 30 kill l SIGHUP SIGTRAP SIGKILL SIGPIPE SIGCONT SIGTTOU 2 6 10 14 19 23 SIGVTALRM 27 SIGPWR 31 SIGINT SIGABRT SIGUSRI1 SIGALRM SIGSTOP SIGURG SIGPROF SIGSYS 3 7 11 15 20 24 28 3 2 SIGOUIT SIGBUS SIGSEGV SIGTERM SIGTSTP SIGXCPU SIGWINCH SIGRTMIN 33 SIGILI SIGFPE SIGUS SIGCH SIGTT SIGXF SIGIO Li E R2 LD IN SZ SIGRTMIN 1 If the signal number is omitted the kill command sends software termination signals signal number 15 SIGTERM For example terminate the process with process D 555 Ski 11 555 If you want to force a process to terminate send signal number 9 SIGKILL SS KILL 39 555 To execute the ki11 command on a process you must be the owner of that process or superuser Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 1 27 Basic Commands Managing Devices As Turbolinux is a flavor of Unix it treats the mouse hard drives peripheral devices etc as files Turbolinux like Unix is organized in a tree structure starting with root asthe base As stated devices are treated as files The devices exist in the form of an interconnected tree Partitions A single physical disk must be divided into one or more partitions which are logically distinct areas on a ph
85. le to respond to the growing requirement for services and the resulting proliferation of different server programs A super server 2 108 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Super Server inetd gives the administrator a means of uniform control and management of these programs e System redundancy and stability In super server mode should a server program fail to execute properly for whatever reason upon the next request the service will be re executed This feature contributes to the system s redundancy and stability Many new services are being developed everyday and many more server programs are becoming necessary These programs as well as non executable programs can be managed in a unified environment by the super server which includes this ability as one of its basic features In practice the various implementations of super servers such as Linux and FreeBSD by default are set to operate server programs in the super server mode Super Server Issues While the server program is executing and or ending a program in response to requests it is possible for the load to actually increase This could happen under the following conditions e When persistent requests for a connection are made e When the program runtime initialization process takes a long time In cases when a particular service is putting a heavy load on the system it is more efficient to run in standalone mode A typical example is a we
86. like to purchase support for Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 If you have purchased a support package and require support contact your usual technical support representative We hope you enjoy running Turbolinux on your mainframe and look forward to providing you with the high quality service that you expect from your mainframe vendor Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide xi xii Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide CHAPTER 1 BASI C COMMANDS This chapter introduces some of the basic commands of the Linux operating system It explains the process and commands associated with e LoggingIn page 1 2 e Managing Use Accounts page 1 4 e Closing a Linux Sesion page 1 8 e Working with Files and Directories page 1 10 e Managing System Processes page 1 25 e Managing Devices page 1 28 e Listing and Installing Packages page 1 33 e Accessing OnlineM anuals page 1 35 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 1 1 Basic Commands Logging In Like other forms of Unix you must log in to Linux before you can use it Because Linux isa multiuser system each user must be uniquely identified The login procedure establishes the identity of each user This allows a legitimate user access to the system and guards against entry by an unauthorized user During the Turbolinux installation the root account is created One user account can be created dur
87. lotment for OCN isa total of 16 The creation process proceeds as shown in the example below ATTENTIONDo not use the IP address in the example given here set the address to the one which applies to your system setup Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 13 Applications IP Address HostName Explanation 000 168 0 0 none network address fixed 000 168 0 1 none default gateway root of fixed bandwidth 000 168 0 2 nsexamplel co us name domain primary fixed bandwidth 000 168 0 3 unixl examplel com UNIX or Linux terminal 000 168 0 4 winl examplel com Windows terminal 000 168 0 5 macl examplel com Macintosh terminal 000 168 0 6 not used in this example 000 168 0 7 not used in this example 000 168 0 8 not used in this example 000 168 0 9 not used in this example 000 168 0 10 not used in this example 000 168 0 11 not used in this example 000 168 0 12 not used in this example 000 168 0 13 not used in this example 000 168 0 14 not used in this example n 000 168 0 15 none broadcast address fixed Boot file etc named boot Configuration Example directory var named cache named ca primary 0 0 127 in addr arpa 0 0 127 in addr arpa secondary example1 com example1 com secondary 2 0 168 000 in addr arpa 2 0 168 000 in addr arpa 1 In the directory line the directory is set to the name given in the configuration file H ere it is set to var named 2 In the cache line t
88. man httpd A well documented online manual is available on an installed Turbolinux system under home httpd html manual Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 43 Applications Lightweight Directory Access Protocol OpenLDAP OpenLDAP isan open standard directory service protocol designed to handle account information services The protocol runs over Internet transport protocols such asTCP and can be used to access stand alone directory servers or X 500 directories The LDAP directory service is based on a client server model There are many different ways to provide a directory service Different methods allow different kinds of information to be stored in the directory place different requirements on how that information can be referenced queried and updated howit is protected from unauthorized access etc Some directory services are local providing service to arestricted context for example the finger service on a single machine Other services are global providing service to amuch broader context OpenLDAP Package Contents To view OpenLDAP s contents use the rpm q1 option rpm ql openldap The command results in the listing shown below etc ldap defaultbase ldap etc ldap ldapfilter conf etc ldap ldapsearchprefs conf etc ldap ldapserver etc ldap ldaptemplates conf usr bin ldapadd usr bin ldapdelete usr bin ldapmodify usr bin ldapmodrdn usr bin ldapsearch usr bin ud usr
89. ms defauly 0 Access Controls You will want to add access controls for your local network to enable your users to use the Squid proxy cache For example if your local network uses address 000 168 1 0 with a netmask of 255 255 255 0 you would add the following acl mynet src 000 168 1 0 255 255 255 0 http_access allow mynet Neighbor Selection Algorithm Please read the documentation in etc squid squid conf regarding use of this parameter Squid Operation Confirmation Squid s operation can be checked using the ps command as shown below ps aux grep squid Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 89 Applications If Squid is operating properly the above command should return something similar to the following message root 3926 0 0 1 3 1140 404 ttyl s 13 00 0 00 grep squid If you do not see this message either Squid isnot operating properly or it was not installed Restart or reinstall it For more information see M anaging System Processes on page 1 25 and Listing and Installing Packages on page 1 33 Squid References e Squid Web Proxy Cache home page http www squid cache org e Squid User s Guide http ww squid docs soureforge net latest html book1 htm e A Squid FAQ is available at http squid nlanr net Doc FAQ FAQ 1 html e There are no man pages in the Squid package 2 90 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide RPC Program Number Converter
90. n page 1 25 and Listing and Installing Packages on page 1 33 References for Python e A major Python website is located at http www python org There are no man pages for Python 2 86 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Proxy Caching Server Squid Proxy Caching Server Squid Squid isa proxy caching server for web clients supporting FTP gopher and HTTP data objects Squid keeps metadata and especially hot objects cached in RAM caches DNS lookups supports non blocking DNS lookups and implements negative caching of failed requests Squid supports SSL extensive access controls and full request logging By using the lightweight Internet Cache Protocol Squid caches can be hierarchically linked to other Squid based proxy servers for streamlined caching of pages Squid consists of a main server program squid aDomain Name System DNS lookup program dnsserver some optional programs for rewriting requests and performing authentication and some management and client tools When Squid starts up it spawns a configurable number of dnsserver processes each of which can perform a single blocking DNS lookup This reduces the amount of time the cache waits for DNS lookups Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 87 Applications Squid Package Contents To view the contents of the Squid package use the rpm q1 option as shown below rpm ql squid The command resultsin
91. nally run at the user level To use NFS you must configure NFS on both the server side and the user side On the server side the edits are made to the basic configuration file etc exports and then run the daemon On the client side you must mount the directories that are being made public NFS server Structure Confirm the contents of the nfs server file by using the rpm q1 option Enter the following command rpm ql knfsd The command results in the listing shown below etc rce d init d nfs sbin rpcdebug usr man man5 exports 5 usr man man8 exportfs 8 usr man man8 nfsstat 8 usr sbin rpc mountd usr sbin rpc nfsd usr sbin rpce rquotad usr man man8 rquotad 8 usr sbin exportfs usr sbin nhfsstone Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 49 Applications usr sbin rpc statd var lib nfs var lib nfs etab var lib nfs rmtab var lib nfs xtab NOTE This list excludes the contents of usr share doc packages knfsd 1 4 7 All the files listed with the above command are installed when the nfs server RPM package is installed To check the operation of rpc nfsd enter the following command ps ax grep nfs 4267 pts 0 S 0 00 grep nfs To check the operation of rpc mount enter the following command ps ax grep mount 4269 pts 0 S 0 00 grep mount Starting and Stopping NFS Before running knfsd first check that portmap is running Run portmap using the following command
92. ng a partition for backups only thus separating it from the root directory There is no single pattern that works unconditionally Partition your disks to fit the system you want to create Finding Out Disk Usage df du Use the af Disk Free command to find out how much space has been used on each partition df options target device name target partition name target directory name target file name This command displays the total capacity amount used amount available percentage used in block 1024bytes units as well as the mount point When you omit the targets the currently mounted partitions are displayed Typical options are a Display information on all file systems k Display sizesin kilobytes m Display sizes in megabytes h Display sizes with a G for gigabytes or M for megabytes suffix Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 1 29 Basic Commands H Compare the results of using various options in the following The same asthe h option except that sizes are displayed in 1000 byte units instead of 1024 byte units Display sizes in inodes listings df Filesystem 1k blocks Used Available Use Mounted on dev dasdal 708652 48456 624200 73 i dev dasdecl 6382148 874988 5182960 14 usr df a Filesystem 1k blocks Used Available Use Mounted on proc 0 0 0 proc dev dasdal 708652 48456 624200 73 dev dasdc1 6382148 874988 5182960 14 usr
93. ntains the daemon named The startup script for named is etc rc d init d named Enter the following command to display the contents of this daemon less etc rc d init d named An abbreviated version of the result of this command isin the listing shown below bin sh named chkconfig 345 55 45 etc re d init d functions etc sysconfig network S NETWORKING no amp amp exit 0 f usr sbin named exit 0 f etc named conf exit 0 case 1 in start Start daemons echo n Starting named daemon named u bind echo touch var lock subsys named vr stop Stop daemons echo u Shutting down named killproc named rm f var lock subsys named echo Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 9 Applications i status usr sbin ndc exit i restart usr sbin ndc exit iT reload usr sbin ndc exit i probe usr sbin ndc exit 0 i gt echo Usage exit 1 esac exit 0 Starting and Stopping named Start named by inputting the following command status restart reload reload gt dev null 2 gt amp 1 etc rc d init d named start To stop named use this command etc rc d init d named stop named Operation Confirmation echo start named start stop status restart To confirm that named is running properly input the following command ps aux grep named root 203 0 0 3 2 1440 1000
94. olumn The default is U s Home directory where the variable U is replaced with the login name on the Samba server If the user s name is jane Jane s Home directory is displayed e read only Determines whether the home directory is read only or writing is also allowed This parameter must be either Yes or No The default is N o 2 70 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide OS Integration Samba e browseable When this directory is browsed by a Windows client on a networked computer this string appears in the comment column The parameter must be either Yes or No The default is No printers Section This section holds settings that apply to the printers shares e comment Some explanation about printers is given When this directory is browsed by a Windows client on a networked computer this string appears in the comment column The default is AIl Printers e path Specifies the full path to the print spool directory The default value S var spool samba e print ok Determines whether the client can write to the print spool file or not This parameter must be either Yes or No The default is Yes e browseable When this directory is browsed by a Windows client on a networked computer determines whether the printer will be displayed or not This parameter must be either Yes or No The default is No private Section This section contains a sam
95. oot 3930 0 0 1 3 1140 404 ttyl S 13 17 0 00 grep proftp If the return isnot something similar to the response shown above either proftp is not running properly or it failed to install Check whether ProFTP isrunning or try reinstalling it References for ProFTP e An extensive user guide is available at http hamster wibble org proftpd userguide linked userguide html e http www lab pro com index cfm e http www proftpd net Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 33 Applications e The following man pages are available for ProFT P proftpd ftpcount ftpwho xferlog ftpshut 2 34 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide http Server Apache http Server Apache Apache is the most widely used web server in the world According to February 1999 data Apache holds over 50 of the world share for web servers and has become the de facto standard Apache Project Apache s collaborative development group is known asthe Apache Project Apache features an open source code freeware with numerous features high efficiency a stable environment and easy system management Information on Apache is available at the developers Apache Project web site In addition the web magazine ApacheW ex gathers together a myriad of useful information For more information see References for Apacheand httpd on page 2 43 Apache is found on the Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and
96. ost names and vice versa Firewall M aintenance ipchains page 2 25 Sets up maintains and inspects the firewall rulesin the Linux kernel File Transfer Protocol Client TFTP page 2 29 Allows users to transfer files to and from a remote machine File Transfer Protocol Server ProFT P page 2 31 An ftp server which allows the transfer files between aPC anda remote computer using the ARPANET standard File Transfer Protocol http Server Apache page 2 35 The most widely used web server in the world Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 1 Applications Lightwaght Directory Access Protocol OpenLDAP page 2 44 A directory service protocol designed to handle account information services Network File System NFS page 2 49 Makes it possible to share files between hosts that are connected to anetwork Network Information Service NIS page 2 59 Used to share information about computers on the network such as login names passwords home directories and groups OS Integration Samba page 2 64 Integrates the Windows operating system with UNIX Printing Facilities LPRng page 2 78 Print filters facilities and tools Programming Languages pel Python page 2 82 Two programming languages included with Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 Proxy Caching Server Squid page 2 87 Keeps metadata and especially hot objects cached in RAM caches DNS lookups supports non blocking DNS lookup
97. ple of what may be used when you want to share private directories It is not essential but there may be occasions when it is needed The section name will be the name of shared directory H ere the shared directory is set to public Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 71 Applications e comment This contains some explanation of the directory When this directory is browsed by a Windows client on a networked computer this string will be displayed in the comment column The default is Private space one can write one s own files e path Specifies the full path of the shared directories The default is home samba private e read only Determines whether the home directory is read only or writing is also allowed This parameter must be either Yes or No The default is N o public Section Thisisan example of what may be used when you want to share public directories It isnot essential but there may occasions when it is needed e comment This contains some explanation of the directory When this directory is browsed by a Windows client on a networked computer this string will be displayed in a comment box The default is Public space anyone can write any files e path Specifies the full path of the shared directories The default is home samba public e guest ok Determines whether the access from a quest account is allowed or not If it is allowed access will be allowed from
98. plications e domain Thisisthe same configuration as for user above but the Samba server is designated asa member of an already existing WindowsNT domain In short the recognition is not done by the Samba server but by the WindowsNT server domain controller instead A user who would gain access must already be registered with this domain In this case because the Samba server is seen as one client for the WindowsNT server you need to make sure you have an additional WindowsNT client license Asin the previousitem when the security parameter is not made explicit security user is assumed Testing the settings To check if the configuration file has been properly composed run testparm aS follows testparm This command returns the following Load smb config files from etc smb conf Processing section homes Processing section printers Processing section private Processing section public Processing section tmp Loaded services file OK Press enter to s a dump of your service definitions The display pauses at this point so you can press Enter to see the results of the test 2 76 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide OS Integration Samba References for Samba The website for the Samba Team is located at http www samba org Several FAQ documents are available under usr share doc packages samba 2 0 6 docs faq The following man pages are
99. rce directory name destination filename destination directory name Here is atypical option v The results of the name change source filename to destination filename are shown Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 1 15 Basic Commands For example change the name of file1 txt to file2 txt S mv v filel txt file2 txt filel txt gt file2 txt With the v option the results of the name change are shown Creating a Directory mkdir Use the mkdir MaKe DIRectory command to create new directories mkdir options name of the new directory H ere isa typical option m Set permissions at the same time you create the new directory For example create a new directory directory2 under the current directory mkdir directory2 ls directory2 N ew directory2 was created Deleting Files and Directories rm rmdir Use the rm ReMove files command to delete files and directories rm options name of file to delet name of directory to delete Typical options f Forces deletion of a file or files for which the user does not have write permission 4 For each file you are asked if you want to delete that file or not If the answer is y the 1 16 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Working with Files and Directories file is deleted For any answer other than y the delete does not proceed V The results of the delete are displayed
100. rname you will switch to root su Password Asroot you may switch to an ordinary user without entering a password You can find out what user you are with the following command whoami jon In the above example the user is logged in as jon You can return to the previous user with the following command root Turbo root exit Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 1 7 Basic Commands Closing a Linux Session You must log out before concluding a Turbolinux session Command Line Shutdown 1 Use the logout command from the command line See Logging Out on page 1 3 2 Usethe shutdown command as described in this section 3 Shutdown command will end the Linux session NOTE Only the superuser is allowed to run the shutdown command You can shut down your Turbolinux session with the following command shutdown options time message The following are examples of available options h stop halt r reboot Timed Shutdown You can set up a timed shutdown time as follows xx yy Execute shutdown at xx hours yy minutes x Execute shutdown after x number of minutes now Execute shutdown immediately The message may be omitted or you can send a message to each logged in user For example a message such as The system will shutdown at 6 PM please finish your work before then is quite useful 1 8 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Clo
101. rules table can be accomplished by first loading firewall rules either manually or using the GUI firewall control center GFCC and then by saving the rules by executing the following ipchains save gt etc sysconfig ipchains rules Please refer to the documentation for ipchains for information regarding how to create firewall rules at usr share doc packages ipchains 1 3 9 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 27 Applications A rules table can be prepared on one machine For example a system that has been installed as an intranet server thus with the resources needed to use the GFCC program to create the firewall rules table can be copied to a basic firewall system for use References for ipchains and firewall To learn the basics of firewall systems and to obtain some details on setting up both a filtering and proxy firewall on a Linux based PC use e The Firewall HOWTO available at http metalab unc edu LDP HOWTO Firewall H OWT O html e The official page is the Linux IP Firewall Chains Page at http www rustcorp com linux ipchains e The following man pages are available for ipchains and firewall ipchains ipchains restore ipchains save ftpshut ipfwadm wrapper 2 28 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide File Transfer Protocol Client TFTP File Transfer Protocol Client TFTP TFTP part of the InetUtils package 1 3 2 isthe user interface to the Internet
102. s and implements negative caching of failed requests RPC Program Number Converter Portmap page 2 91 Converts RPC program numbers to DARPA protocol numbers SQL Database M anagenent System PostgreSQL page 2 94 An object relational DBMS that supports almost all SQL constructs SQL Database Server M ySQL page 2 101 a multi user multithreaded SQL database server Super Server inetd page 2 107 A high level program that acts as a server to other servers 2 2 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide RPM Package Operations RPM Package Operations Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 comes on aCD ROM with install uninstall and other programs The programs run as shown below Install 1 Confirm that you are logged in as the root user whoami root 2 Insert the CD ROM in the drive and mount it mount mnt cdrom 3 Move to the directory containing the RPM package cd mnt cdrom RPMS 4 Confirm the package name represented by lt xxxx gt and version ls lt xxxx gt XXXX XXX XXXX TLS 1386 rpm 5 Install the package rpm ivh xxxx xxx xxxx TLS i386 rpm XXXX 6 Confirm the installation rpm qi xxxx Uninstall 1 Use the option with the RPM command rpm e KKK Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 3 Applications 2 To force an unconditional uninstall append the nodeps switch rpm e xxxx nodeps Verify Packages 1 Us
103. s home directory It isnot necessary to specify the full path to the desired directory name The following arguments can be used current directory the directory above the current directory user s home directory the directory immediately previous to the current directory This switches from the current directory nome jon to the home directory cd home Scd The two commands above accomplish the same thing Next switch from the current directory nome to the user s home directory which was the directory immediately previous to the current directory cd home jon cd jon cd jon cde role ao cd All of the six commands above accomplish the same thing VOV NO NNV Use the pwa Print Working Directory command to find out what your current directory is S pwd home jon 1 12 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Working with Files and Directories Copying Files cp Use the cp CoPy files command to copy files and directories cp options source filename source directory name destination filename destination directory name Some typical options are b If the destination file already exists that file is backed up before the copy proceeds f If the destination file already exists that file is forceably overwritten 4 If the destination file name already exists you are asked if you want to overwrite that file or not If the answer is y the file is o
104. s webmaster example com e ServerRoot The location of the configuration files is set by default to etc httpd This isthe recommended location e ErrorLog The name for the log for recording errors By default error messages are saved in the file logs error_log If you are using virtual hosts separate error logs can be defined for each virtual host 2 38 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide http Server Apache e LogFormat and CustomLog LogFormat specifies the format of access log files cust omLog does the same for access logs If you are using virtual hosts separate logs can be defined for each virtual host srm conf Confirm the contents of the srm conf file with the following command less etc httpd conf srm conf A display similar to that below should appear lines commented out with are omitted DocumentRoot home httpd html UserDir public_html DirectoryIndex index html index shtml index cgi index php3 FancyIndexing on ReadmeName README HeaderName HEADER IndexIgnore HEADER README RCS AccessFileName htaccess TypesConfig etc mime types Alias icons home httpd icons ScriptAlias cgi bin home httpd cgi bin The basic directives of srm conf are e DocumentRoot Specifies the location of HTML files e UserDir Specifies the public user directory e Directorylndex By default this is set to display file names e Alias Specifies
105. sbin xrpcomp usr share doc packages openldap 1 2 10 2 44 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Lightweight Directory Access Protocol OpenLDAP NOTE The contents of the man pages follow the openidap 1 2 10 files the contents of both are omitted from this list Idap Operation Confirmation Ldap s operation can be checked using the ps command as shown below ps aux grep ldap If Ldap is operating properly the above command should return the message shown below Check that the program name ldap appears at the far right of the listing root 2888 0 0 1 3 1140 404 ttyl S 15 51 0 00 grep ldap If you do not see something similar to the message shown above either 1dap is not operating properly or it was not installed Restart or reinstall it For more information see M anaging Systen Processes on page 1 25 and Listing and Installing Packages on page 1 33 Idap Startup Script Below is at a specific example of the default startup script located in etc rc d init d Idap To start 1dap use the following command etc rc d init d ldap start To stop ldap use this command etc rce d init d ldap stop Idap Configuration File etc Idap conf To read the very well documented openLDAP configuration file enter the following command less etc ldap conf Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 45 Applications The following is an abbreviated listing of the re
106. se Management System PostgreSQL 2 94 SQL Database Server MySOL 2 101 Super Server inetd 2 107 i a ea a a Sanu eal leis we ee aa aa TEREE Lema kii l 1 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide PREFACE Thank you for choosing Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 over the other versions of Linux currently available in the marketplace Indeed it isan excellent choice We at Turbolinux Inc have been and continue to work hard to make Turbolinux a high performance comprehensive easy to install and yet easy to use product Turbolinux which has been the Linux leader on the Pacific Rim is now taking the world by storm We have been working with Linux since 1993 and offered our own distribution in 1997 in both English and Japanese language versions Now we offer Turbolinux in Brazilian Portuguese Chinese French German Italian Japanese Russian Spanish UK English and US English languages For the latest information about Turbolinux and our fast growing company please visit our web site at http www turbolinux com Our success and your satisfaction with Turbolinux are all made possible through the magic of the Open Source movement and the original creator of Linux Linus Torvalds We want to thank Linus Torvalds and the countless developers around the world who have and continue to contribute to making the magic possible
107. sing a Linux Session Closing Down a Turbolinux Session You can close the Turbolinux session immediately with one of the following commands shutdown h now Or halt With the halt command all running processes are stopped and the following message appears on the screen The System is halted Restarting the System after Powering Down If you want to immediately restart Turbolinux use one of the following commands shutdown r now Or reboot The computer displays a message stating that all running processes have been stopped and restarts automatically afterward Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 1 9 Basic Commands Working with Files and Directories Linux keeps track of files and folders by requiring unique names and by using a treetike structure to store them This section explains how you can get a listing of the files and folders or directories on your system move to another directory copy or move files or directories create new directories and remove directories Listing Files and Directories Is The 1s list files command is used to get information on files and directories ls options file name directory name Some typical options are 4 Listsnot only file names alone but also full details about each file a All files are listed including normally hidden files F A symbol is affixed to file names to show the file type Executable files are marked with an ast
108. sr bin safe_mysqld executable shell script for starting mysqld safely usr bin mysqld executable usr sbin mysqld executable MySQL Configuration The following information is from the MySQL online documentation found at http www mysql com Manual_chapter manual_toc html The configure script gives you a great deal of control over how you configure your MySQL distribution Typically you do this using options on the configure command line You can also affect configure using certain environment variables For a list of options supported by configure run this command shell gt configure help Some of the more commonly used configure options are described below To compile just the MySQL client libraries and client programs and not the server use the without server option shell gt configure without server If you do not havea C compiler MySQL will not compile it isthe one client program that requires C In this case you can remove the code in configure that tests for the C compiler and then run configure with the without server option The compile step will still Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 103 Applications try to build MySQL but you can ignore any warnings about mysql cc If make stops try make k to tell it to continue with the rest of the build even if errors occur If you do not want your log files and database directories located under usr local var use
109. sult etc re d init d functions etc sysconfig network S NETWORKING no amp amp exit 0 usr bin slapd exit 0 usr bin slurpd exit 0 RETVAL 0 case S1 in start echo n Starting ldap daemon slapd RETVAL if SRETVAL eq 0 J then if grep q replogfile etc ldap slapd conf then daemon slurpd RETVAL SRETVAL eq 0 amp amp pidof slurpd cut f 1 d var run slurpd fi fi echo SRETVAL eq 0 amp amp touch var lock subsys ldap vr stop echo n Shutting down ldapf killproc slapd RETVAL if SRETVAL eq 0 J then if grep q replogfile etc ldap slapd conf then killproc slurpd RETVAL fi fi echo if SRETVAL eq 0 J then rm f var lock subsys ldap rm f var run slapd args ft ii status 2 46 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Lightweight Directory Access Protocol OpenLDAP status slapd RETVAL if SRETVAL eq 0 then if grep q replogfile etc ldap slapd conf then status slurpd ETVAL vs fi restart 0 stop 0 start RETVAL S reload killproc HUP slapd RETVAL if SRETVAL eq 0 then if grep q replogfile etc ldap slapd conf then killproc HUP slurpd RETVAL S fi Li echo Usage 0 start stop restart status exit 1 esac exit SRETVAL OpenLDAP also has these configuration files stop
110. t it is also extremely problematic In the default installation of portmap under Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 the TCP_Wrapper library can be used for access control Once running under the initial settings of Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 portmap does not accept requests from other clients Because of this you will not be able to use servers such aS NFS and NIS by simply running portmap You will need to modify etc hosts allow the access control file for TCP_Wrapper by following the example below In this example access is allowed from the turbolinux com domain or from host 000 168 0 1 portmap turbolinux com portmap 000 168 0 1 The changes in the access control file will be reflected without restarting portmap ATTENTION If portmap crashes all roc services must be restarted NOTE Portmap is not started from tcpd or from the superserver but portmap itself can reference etc hosts allow and etc hosts deny 2 92 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide RPC Program Number Converter Portmap Portmap References In the man pages for portmap one finds the options for the various commands and references to related non portmap man pages Portmap has three man pages portmap pmap_set and pmap_dump Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 93 Applications SQL Database Management System PostgreSQL PostgreSQL is a sophisticated O bject
111. tc inetd conf in Turbolinux Server Enter the following command less etc inetd conf The following is an abbreviated listing of the result dtalk exec ftp gopher imap login nntp ntalk pop 3 shell smtp talk telnet stream stream stream stream stream stream stream dgram stream stream stream dgram stream tcp tcp tcp tcp tcp tcp tcp udp tcp tcp tcp udp tcp nowait nowait nowait nowait nowait nowait nowait wait nowait nowait nowait wait nowait nobody root root root root root root root root root root root root usr sbin tcpd usr sbin tcpd usr sbin tcpd usr sbin tcpd usr sbin tcpd usr sbin tcpd usr sbin tcpd usr sbin tcpd usr sbin tcpd usr sbin tcpd usr bin smtpd usr sbin tcpd usr sbin tcpd in dtalkd in rexecd in ftpd 1 a gn imapd in rlogind in nntpd in ntalkd ipop3d in rshd smtpd in talkd in telnetd h With Turbolinux Server the defaults set by etc inetd conf are set to the optimum configuration for a secure setup There isno need to run all of the available daemons each service is commented in a line preceded by a hash mark 2 112 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Super Server inetd Enable Changes to Default inetd Settings restart Changes and edits to inetd conf do not automatically enable the new default settings It is necessary to restart inetd to make the changes take eff
112. ted under References for LPRng on page 2 81 LPRng Startup Script The startup script for LRPng is etc rc d init d pd View the contents of the default startup script using the less command as shown below less etc rce d init d lpd Start Ipa by entering the following command etc re d init d lpd start Stop Ipd by entering the following command etc rce d init d lpd stop LPD Configuration File etc pd conf At startup LPRng reads configuration information from a file which by default is the configuration file etc lpd conf Each line in the configuration file iscommented out that is preceded by the hash or pound symbol at the beginning of the line To modify the default settings delete the hash symbol and make the desired changes Print Spooling Overview The following figure shows the flow of data between the individual components of the LPRng print spooling system A program or user will use the Ipr program to send a file to the Ipd server over a TCP IP connection Refer to the HTML documentation on LPRng on page 2 81 for comprehensive information on howto use printer filters with LPRng Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 79 Applications ee a ee printer ae printcap a gt f filter printer Sample Printcap Entry H ere isa sample printcap lp lp psqueue printserver acme com The printcap in
113. the listing shown below Contents of the errors icons and ust share doc packages squid directories are omitted etc logrotate d squid etc re d init d squid etc squid errors etc squid mib txt etc squid mime conf etc squid mime conf default etc squid squid conf etc squid squid conf default usr lib squid cachemgr cgi usr lib squid dnsserver usr lib squid errors usr lib squid icons usr lib squid unlinkd usr sbin client usr sbin squid usr share doc packages var log squid var spool squid Squid Configuration The Squid control files are located under etc squid The main configuration control file is called squid conf and will nearly always require customization The most commonly customized settings include access controls To view a chapter on configuration basics visit the Squid User s Guide at http www squid cache org Default Settings etc squid squid conf The default setup configuration is located at etc squid squid conf on the Turbolinux Server To view it enter the following command 2 88 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Proxy Caching Server Squid less etc squid squid conf Thisisa selection of the results The Squid configuration page containsa great deal of useful internal documentation http_port 3128 icp_port 3130 htcp_port 4827 mcast_groups 239 128 16 128 cache_peer hostname type http_port icp_port options icp_query_timeout
114. tial In this case it is set to address provided by service provider namely 000 168 2 2 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 15 Applications Loop back File var named 0 0 127 in addr arpa Configuration Example 0 0 127 in addr IN SOA _ ns example1 com root ns example1 com 19990318 Serial 1 10800 f Refresh after 3 hours 3600 Retry after 1 hours 604800 Expire after 1 week 86400 Minimum after 1 week 0 0 127 in addr arpa IN NS ns example1 com 2 0 0 127 in addr arpa IN NS ns 2 provider ad 3 0 0 127 in addr arpa IN NS ns3 provider ad 4 1 0 0 127 in addr arpa IN PTR localhost 5 1 The configuration serial number value Any value is acceptable H owever when changing the file or reconfiguring be sure to increment the number value 2 Sets the primary name server host name in this case ns examplel com 3 Sets the secondary name server host name in this case to ns2 provider ad as assigned by the service provider ns provider ad 4 Sets the tertiary name server host name in this case ns3 provide ad as assigned by the service provider ns provider ad Normal File zone file var named example1 com Configuration Example example1 comIN SOA ns example1 com root ns example1 com 19990318 Serial 1 10800 Refresh after 3 hours 3600 Retry after 1 hours 604800 Expire after 1 week 86400 Minimum TTL of 1 day example1 com IN NS ns example1 com 2 example1
115. ttings that apply to Samba as a whole We will explain the items that occur above e coding system This determines how incoming Shift Jis file names from Windows clients are converted into kanji encoding Initially it is set to euc It is effective onlyif client code page is set to 932 You should leave this set to its initial default value e workgroup This determines what Windows network NT domain name or workgroup name to which the Samba server belongs The initial value is WORKGROUP e server string Some explanation about the server is given When browsed bya Windows client on anetworked computer this string appearsin the 2 68 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide OS Integration Samba comment column The default is Samba v where v is replaced with the Samba version number For Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 v is Samba 2 0 7 e encrypt passwords This controls whether encrypted passwords will be negotiated when the client accesses the Samba server This parameter can be set to either Yes or No The initial value is Yes Windows NT 4 0 Service Packs 3 and above and Windows 98 expect encrypted passwords by default so this parameter must be set to Yes More about configuring for encrypted passwords will be given later e map to guest This parameter tells smbd what to do with a request from a user that does not completely match a registered Unix user account It can
116. turbolinux Powerful Thinking turbolinux USER GUIDE Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Version 6 December 2000 1999 2000 Turbolinux Inc All Rights Reserved The information in this manual is furnished for informational use only is subject to change without notice and should not be construed asa commitment by Turbolinux Inc Turbolinux assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies that may appear in this book This publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of Turbolinux Inc aslong as this copyright notice remains intact and unchanged on all copies Turbolinux Inc Turbolinux and Turbolinux logo are trademarks of Turbolinux Incorporated All other names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners Written and designed at Turbolinux Inc 8000 Marina Boulevard Suite 300 Brisbane CA 94005 USA T 650 228 5000 F 650 228 5001 http www turbolinux com TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 hate Tee sara aa Gyan athe SR ee Me Sat AAA AA AAA Ree AAA VII About This Guide AA WA KA ee vill CONTACTING U Sor aenean e eos Wee ee enn E ee ors X Technical S pport eka rrine aai eee eae Pe e a a xi Basic COMMANDS os s0 cu ete ae anal ie Ate me Rk Pete ee 1 1 LOGGING NS era Ciwhe hehe Maat ali
117. u in stall MySQL create some tables then reconfigure MySQL to use a different character set and reinstall it To configure MySQL with debugging code use the with debug option shell gt configure with debug This causes a safe memory allocator to be included that can find some errors and that provides output about what is happening If your client programs are using threads you need to also compile a thread safe version of the MySQL client library with the with thread saf client configure options This will create a Libmysqlclient_r library with which you should link your threaded applications For more information see the MySQL Reference M anual and the other references listed below References for MySQL e MySQL Reference Manual http www mysq com Manual chapter manual_toc html e Developer Shed s Beginning MySQL Tutorial http www devshed com Server Side MySQL Intro e MySQL has man pages for the items listed below mysqlaccess mysqladmin mysqlbug mysqld mysqldump mysqlshow mysql2mysql safe_mysqld 2 106 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Super Server inetd Super Server inetd Currently inetd is one of the most popular super server programs By default Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 installs inetd and sets it as the system program at bootup time When the system is initialized inetd runs the start up script etc rc d init d inet Inetd
118. uide 2 7 Applications NOTE The contents of the directory usr share doc packages bind 8 2 2P5 are omitted from the above return The command rpm ql caching nameserver resultsin the listing shown below etc named boot etc named conf var named named ca var named named local BIND The first version of BIND was written at UCB University of California Berkeley and named 4 3BSD UNIX Nowit has been ported to Linux other versions of UNIX Windows NT and OS 2 Up to version 4 8 3 the program was developed under a grant from DARPA at U CB s Computer Systems Research Group CSRG Versions 4 9 4 91 were released by DEC now part of Compaq Version 4 92 sponsored by Vixie Enterprises From version 4 9 3 onward development and maintenance have been handled by ISC Internet Software Consortium with new versions coming out one after the other Version BIN D8 was released in May 1997 BIND Configuration File To configure BIND edit the resolv conf file O pen it using the less command as follows less etc resolv conf Enter the names against their IP addresses 2 8 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Domain Name Server BIND You may have to edit the nsswitch conf file See the man nsswitch conf page for the circumstances under which this would be done Open it using the less command as follows less etc nsswitch conf Named Startup Script The main BIND program co
119. urbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide
120. us nobody no_root_squash root access from the client is permitted as root all_ squash All access is treated as access from nobody anonuid uid With the root_squash or all_ squash options maps to the anonymous user ID anongid gid With the root_squash or all_ squash options maps to the anonymous group ID 2 54 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Network File System NFS NOTE By separating options with a comma several options can be specified at one time but if a space is inserted between the option and the command you may not get the desired results An example listing of etc exports usr turbolinux com ro home you test rw all_squash anonuid 150 anongid 100 home samba ro all_squash In the first line all machines under the turbolinux com domain are allowed to read but not write everything under usr In the second line the machine called test is allowed to read and write to home you Regardless of user access is given as uid user ID set to 150 and gid group ID set to 100 In the third line note that no host name is specified This means that all hosts are allowed to read but not write home samba All access is done through the nobody account Running the Server Before running the NFS server check to see if portmap is running with the appropriate settings Like other servers NFS is started with the init script Because NFS is not set to run by default
121. ver and returns answers to the client While the name server is the program that handles making decisions for the server program the resolver is the client side program for the same function Resolver isa component of the bind utils package Use the rpm q1 option to confirm the contents of the package Enter the command shown below rpm ql bind utils The command results in the listing shown below usr bin addr usr bin dig usr bin dnsquery usr bin host usr bin mkservdb usr bin nslookup usr bin nsupdate usr lib nslookup help usr sbin dnskeygen usr sbin irpd NOTE The relevant contents of usr share man are listed under R eerences for BIND and Resolver on page 2 24 Resolver configuration files The two resolver configuration files are etc host conf and etc resolv conf The etc host conf handles name inquiries issued from the name server by either name server or by the traditional UNIX hosts file method 2 22 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Domain Name Server BIND With the host file name service all hosts must be stored in the same hosts file For a large network this makes system maintenance time consuming and unrealistic But the merit of name server isin the load reduction that makes for good system response when running a small network with only or four or five hosts To display the etc host conf file enter the command below less etc host conf This comm
122. verwritten For any answer besides y the copy does not proceed NOTE In Turbolinux cp isset as an aliasfor cp i U If the destination file already exists the copy proceeds only when the date on the destination file is older than the source file If the destination file is newer copy does not proceed p Preserve the attributes of the source file date ownership permissions in the copy vV The results of the copy source filename to destination filename are shown R Copy directories recursively Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 1 13 Basic Commands For example copy file1 txt to file2 txt cp v filel txt file2 txt filel txt gt file2 txt With the v option the results of the copy are shown Copy file1 txt into the public directory cp iv filel txt public cp overwrite public filel txt y filel txt gt public filel txt Because a file with the same filename already exists you were asked for permission to overwrite it and answered y so the copy proceeded and the results of the copy are shown For directories you can copy directoryl to directory2 cp R directoryl directory2 S ls directoryl directory2 The entire directory was copied Moving Files mv Use the mv MoVe files command to move files and directories mv options source filename source directory name destination filename destination directory name
123. wn above either ypserv is not operating properly or it was not installed Restart or reinstall it For more information see M anaging System Processes on page 1 25 and Listing and Installing Packages on page 1 33 NIS Domain Settings You can use the domainname command or edit etc sysconfig network to configure NIS Run domainname domainname Or add this to the etc sysconfig network file NISDOMAIN domainname NOTE The DNS domain name should be set to one different than the NIS domain name Server Settings Check to see if etc ypserv conf iS available Next create the var yp securenets file Specify the usable scope of the NIS network by setting a combination of the netmask and the network address Add the following line netmask network address The netmask that corresponds to the network address is specified in the netmask field and the network address is specified in the Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 61 Applications network address field When the netmask is all 1s that is ones the network address becomes the host address For example on a private network 000 168 1 0 24 for NIS to work the var yp securenets file would look like this 255 255 255 255 127 0 0 1 255 255 255 0 000 168 1 0 In keeping with this objective the var yp Makefile will change Start ypserv and run the NIS initialization dialog program ypserv use lib yp ypinit m To run th
124. x Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 73 Applications Encrypted Passwords From Windows NT 4 0 Service Packs 3 and above and in Windows98 encrypted passwords have been used as the default instead of the plain text passwords that used to be common on networks Because these encrypted passwords were not compatible with U nix systems access as usual was not possible So it was necessary to make a password file especially for the Samba server To enable encrypted passwords as explained in a previous item it is necessary to set the parameter encrypt passwords Yes in the global Section To use encrypted passwords there is a password file especially created for the Samba server called smbpasswd in which users can be registered Some words of explanation follow NOTE To carry out these operations you must be logged in as the superuser e Creating the smbpasswd file Create an empty file called smbpasswd under etc touch etc smbpasswd chmod 600 etc smbpasswd e User registration In order for a user to register in the smbpasswd file he or she must be registered on the system Here we use the user jane as an example useradd jane smbpasswd a jane New SMB Password Repeat New SMB Password Added user jane User jan nabled 2 74 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide OS Integration Samba To write a registered user into the smbpasswd file run this command
125. yppasswdd rpc ypxfrd ypinit yppasswdd yppush ypserv ypxfr ypxfrd Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide 2 63 Applications OS Integration Samba Samba is free open source software that can be used to integrate the Windows OS with Unix Samba makes it possible to share the resources of Unix computers such as Linux with Windows so that an economical file server or print server etc can be set up for both systems Also by running a Samba client the Windows resources can accessed from the UNIX side We will not discuss the Samba client here For details see the online manual found under usr share doc packages samba 2 0 6 docs faq Samba was developed by the Australian programmer Andrew Tridgell and first made public in 1992 The current development source is the Samba Team The version Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 usesis samba 2 0 7 Samba Organization Samba s main organization is as follows Daemon Configuration File Configuration usr sbin smbd etc smbd conf File and printer sharing via the SMB protocol usr sbin nmbd NetBIOS WINS server functionality in NetBIOS Samba startup mode Samba may be run in standalone mode in which the Samba daemon is always on call or in superserver inetd mode When starting Samba from the superserver better security can be achieved by using TCP_Wrapper These three modes are detailed below 2 64 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390
126. ysical disk A partition isa logical allocation of a portion of a single physical disk By partitioning the system can treat one disk asif it were multiple disks For more information see Setting up the Target Linux System on page 37 of the Preparing for Installing Turbolinux for S 390 file found at http wwws390 ibm com linux installfest Since there is no concept of a drive in Turbolinux devices are treated as files as shown below DASD hard drives dev dasda dev dasdb dev dasdc ordered by SCSI ID Root and Swap Partitions It iscommon practice to create several partitions for a single system when you install Turbolinux At the very least you will need to create a swap partition The purpose of the swap partition is to allow 1 28 Turbolinux Server 6 for zSeries and S 390 User Guide Managing Devices for the use of virtual memory The swap partition can not be accessed by the user In many cases it is useful to prepare other partitionsin addition to the root partition and swap partition H ow these other partitions are set up will vary depending on what type of Linux system you run For example if there will be many login users a great deal of space must be made available under home In this case you may want to create a separate partition that will allow a more efficient use of the large capacity hard disk required In order to make it easy to backup your data you might want to consider creati

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