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Swiss Household Panel User Guide (1999 - 2013)

1. 18 2 4 5 Forthcoming new variables ceccccccceeeeeeecceeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeseeeeneeeeeeseesenneeeeeeees 19 2 4 6 The use of 11 point scales 2244400040nnnnnnannannannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannnn nn 19 2 4 7 The biographical questionnaire SHP_III Wave 1 cccseeeceeeseeeeeeeeeeeees 21 CHAPTER 3 FIELDWORK SHP_I SHP_Il c cececccceeeeceeeeceeeeeesesaeeesenneeeeesueeeessnaees 22 3 1 Approaching the participating households 444444440nn nennen nn 22 3 2 Selection and training of interviewers and SUperViSOIS cccccceeeeeeeeeeteeeeeees 22 3 3 Measures to increase response 44sssunsnnsenennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannnnsnnnnnnnnnan 23 3 3 1 Incentives for the interviewers ssussssssnsnesenennnnnnnnnnnonnnnnennnnennnnnnnn nn 23 3 3 2 Incentives for the participating households 444400nsnne nennen 23 3 3 3 Refusal conversion 22444440nnnnnnnnnnsannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnanennnnnn na 23 3 3 4 Contacting respondents 4444ssnssnsnnnnnnenennnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 24 SA Quality Control sirinati kaan a A Aae AERE ANEA arena en re erh er ie 24 CHAPTER 4 FIELDWORK SHP III LIFE CALENDAR WAVE 1 nennen 25 4 1 Approaching the participating households 2244444440nnen nennen nenn 25 4 1 1 Procedure for the househ
2. New variables nationality by world regions REG_1 _ REG_2_ REG_3_ These variables represent a grouping of the variables concerning nationality by world regions The definition of the categories has been done on the basis of the nomenclature of the Federal statistical office The variables have the following categories Switzerland Northern Europe Eastern Europe Central Europe Western Europe South West Eu rope Southern Europe South East Europe Africa Northern America Latin America Asia Oceania and Antarctica New variable participation status RNPX Currently there are various sources of information concerning the participation status of an individual or a household The new variable RNPX offer a summary of the already available variables concerning partici pation status and consider furthermore comments coming from the interviewers that are not available to the users This new variable allows researchers distinguish between non contact refusal or non response due to death institutionalisation emigration fami ly related difficulties language problems or age or health problems or because the indi vidual left the household temporarily or permanently New variable on children ownkid Until recently the SHP only provided variables containing the information of the number of children living in the same household A fre quently recurring question from SHP data users was however how many children an individua
3. 1 5 Access to the data and data protection rules ccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeteaeeeeeesesneees 7 1 6 Research network Living in Switzerland us24244444000nnnnnennnnnnnennnnnnnn nenn 7 1 7 Getting more information 444ssnnsnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannrnn nn 9 CHAPTER 2 STUDY DESIGN 2 3 222 11 2 1 General design of the SHP 24240ununnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnn nn 11 2 2 sample Sstruct re a a aeee reeda dette latin Shedd ashe tds 11 2 2 1 Sampling MAME 55 529 72 eee ted aoc Gace NN Ben sceeides 11 22 2 Sampling desigs etniei sneovueae aaka eaa E TE EA E EERE ER a aE iaaea 12 223 COVETAGC Hirn TT A E E EA ea gegewoee 13 2 3 FONOWING TUES urn nahe 14 2 3 1 Initial follow up rules for households 222444404n0nnnnnnnnnnnenennnnennnen 14 2 3 2 Initial follow up rules for individuals u 00222444400snnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnn 14 2 3 3 Measures against attrition 44440nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnn nn 14 24 Questionnaire S u iesn Hr aan Ener Dee nn ahead 15 2 4 1 Content of the questionnaires uss424nnennnnnnnennnnnnnennnnnnnnnnannan nn 15 2 4 2 Modul r design casaria tenn aan ak iaer eiiis 17 2 4 3 Revised modules and new variables in Wave 15 nennen 18 2 4 4 Recently revised modules and new constructed variables
4. 2 h w KA zA B G SO a 2 3 1 4 SHP and CNEF Since 2008 the SHP participates in the Cross National Equivalent File CNEF The CNEF contains equivalently defined variables for the American Panel Study of Income Dynamics PSID the German Socio Economic Panel GSOEP the British Household Panel Study BHPS the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia HILDA the Canadian Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics SLID the Korea Labor and In come Panel Study KLIPS the Swiss Household Panel SHP and the Russia Longitu dinal Monitoring Survey RLMS The data are designed to allow cross national re searchers access to harmonized versions of these panels For acquiring the data see http forscenter ch en our surveys swiss household panel datasupport 2 cnef 2 1 5 Access to the data and data protection rules The SHP data are available at no charge Users must sign a contract available on the SHP website http forscenter ch en our surveys swiss household panel datasupport 2 data contract 2 Once the contract is signed users will have access to the most recent SHP data The SHP data are available to researchers signing in person the data contract at no charge and exclusively for non commercial use It is strictly forbidden to attempt to iden tify particular households or individuals and to make parts or all of the data available to a third party In a research team all users are to sign the
5. 2 414 2 327 A 100 72 70 64 66 63 68 68 66 64 B 100 72 97 92 103 96 108 100 97 96 SHPI SHP_I n A B Ul n 7 799 7 073 6 601 5 700 5 220 8 067 6 537 6 659 6 980 6 904 7 109 7 546 7 584 7 446 6 090 100 100 13 297 These percentages are calculated on the basis of the number of interviews conducted in the previous year They may therefore exceed 100 30 Table 5 3 Number of persons interviewed longitudinally in every wave SHP land SHP Il Year Wave SHP_I SHP_II fully longi A B fully longi A B tudinal n tudinal n 1999 1 7 799 100 100 2000 2 6 335 81 81 2001 3 5 429 69 86 2002 4 4 480 57 83 2003 5 3 888 50 87 2004 6 1 3 076 39 79 3 654 100 100 2005 7 2 2 622 34 85 2 395 66 66 2006 8 3 2 399 31 91 1 930 53 81 2007 9 4 2 209 28 92 1 601 44 83 2008 10 5 2 060 26 93 1 400 38 87 2009 11 6 1 952 25 95 1 289 35 92 2010 12 7 1 876 24 96 1 220 33 95 2011 13 8 1 811 23 97 1 155 32 95 2012 14 9 1 739 22 96 1 102 30 95 2013 15 10 1 661 22 96 1 039 28 94 5 1 2 Attrition in SHP_I and SHP_II Not only response rates are decisive in assessing quality of the data Of crucial im portance is the extent to which nonrespondents differ from respondents on relevant characteristics As a result nonresponse can cause nonresponse bias in survey esti mates Behr et al 2005 Groves 2006 Groves and Peytcheva 2008 Hence the central concern
6. 2006 2007 2008 and 2009 waves 2 to 6 of SHP_II follow up of non original sample members After wave 11 2009 virtually all past final refusals had been recontacted and often interviewed Since then considering that we had somehow reconstituted some kind of original sample we define five categories of household level responses for a given wave wave t full response grid household at least one individual questionnaire household level response grid and household questionnaires grid level response grid questionnaire only non contacted households blocked addresses and full nonresponse On this basis the follow up rules are wave t 1 we contact all full re sponse we contact all household level response grid level response and non contacted households but with a procedure of refusal conversion we do not contact full nonresponse This system is being extended from year to year These rules will al so apply to SHP_III 2 4 Questionnaires 2 4 1 Content of the questionnaires The Living in Switzerland survey is a comprehensive survey The questionnaires household and individual cover a broad range of social fields and topics They are also designed to collect both objective resources social position participation etc and subjective data satisfaction values evaluation etc The whole constitutes an opera tionalisatio
7. 56 48 50 56 54 58 59 59 58 57 rs B 100 87 94 87 90 88 87 103 111 96 108 102 100 100 97 SHP_II n 2 538 1 799 1 684 1 494 1 546 1 476 1 557 1520 1 493 1 488 A 100 71 66 58 61 58 61 60 59 57 B 100 71 94 89 103 95 105 97 98 100 SHP_III n 3 989 A 100 oy B 100 These percentages are calculated on the basis of the number of interviews conducted in the first year 1999 2004 or 2013 These percentages are calculated on the basis of the number of interviews conducted in the previous year They may therefore exceed 100 SHP I n 5 074 4 425 4 139 3 582 3 227 5 375 4 256 4 221 4 311 4 264 4 406 4 542 4 495 4 461 8 358 29 Table 5 2 Number of persons interviewed in SHP_I SHP_Il and SHP_III 1999 2013 SHPI Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 These percentages are calculated on the basis of the number of interviews conducted in the first year 1999 2004 or 2013 Wave ron 6 1 7 2 8 3 9 4 10 5 11 6 12 7 13 8 14 9 15 10 1 SHP_I n 7 799 7 073 6 601 5 700 5 220 4 413 3 888 4 091 4 630 4 494 4 800 5 057 5 103 5 032 4 880 A 100 91 85 73 67 57 50 52 59 58 62 65 65 65 63 Yr B 100 91 93 86 92 85 88 105 113 97 107 105 101 99 97 n 3 654 2 649 2 568 2 350 2 410 2 309 2 489 2 481
8. Evidently the sum of the combination factors is 1 The unit is either the person in the case of the individual weights or the household in the case of the household weights If the unit is a member of the SHP_I the weight is then multiplied by the factor p and if the unit is a member of the SHP_II the weight is multiplied by the fac tor p2 and so on Calibrations to known population totals After the adjustment for non response and the combination of the two panels the weights are softly calibrated Guggemos and Till 2010 using population totals coming from ESPOP until 2010 and STATPOP since 2011 There were two different calibration total classes depending on the information available and memory restraints The first is the classical version with totals on e sex age category 0 13 14 24 25 34 35 44 45 54 55 36 e the number of individuals living in the seven major statistical regions Lake Gene va VD VS and GE Middleland BE FR SO NE and JU North West Switzer land BS BL AG Zurich East Switzerland GL SH AR Al SG Central Swit zerland LU UR SZ OW NW and Ticino e the number of individuals with Swiss nationality and e the number of married individuals The second uses the same variables but breaks all totals up by age category One should note that values for age 0 13 are used only for the household cross sectional weights and that the number of married individuals is not available for the longi
9. Schweizer Haushalt Panel Panel suisse de menages A Swiss Household Panel explore understand share Swiss Household Panel User Guide 1999 2013 Wave 15 December 2014 By Marieke Voorpostel Robin Tillmann Florence Lebert Ursina Kuhn Oliver Lipps Val rie Anne Ryser Flurina Schmid Erika Antal Boris Wernli Acknowledgements The Swiss Household Panel data are collected within the framework of the research program Living in Switzerland financed by the Swiss National Science Foundation The SHP is based at the Swiss Centre of Expertise in the Social Sciences FORS in Lausanne This guide is also based on the work of past members of tne SHP Team How to cite this document Voorpostel M Tillmann R Lebert F Kuhn U Lipps O Ryser V A Schmid F Antal E amp Wernli B 2014 Swiss Household Panel Userguide 1999 2013 Wave 15 December 2014 Lausanne FORS Correspondence to Swiss Household Panel FORS c o University of Lausanne B timent G opolis CH 1015 Lausanne swisspanel fors unil ch 2014 FORS User Guide SHP Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 22444044240s0nnnnnnnnnnnnnennennonnennonnennnnnennen nennen 3 1 1 Aims and Analytic Potential 224444400444Hnnnnnnannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnnnnn 3 1 2 Institutional Setting igri ieren ei eu 4 1 3 Use OF ThE SAP in seen 4 1 4 SHR and CNEF oeeie her ara in ae e aa leidet 7
10. constrained integration int gration laborieuse is the product of a stable job but with work con straints leading to dissatisfaction and disqualifying integration int gration disqualifi ante corresponds to the combination of job instability and poor working conditions Paugam 2000 6 3 5 Income Respondents are asked about various income sources and total income both in the indi vidual and in the household questionnaire They are free to report gross or net amounts after deduction of social security contributions and to report monthly or annual income Based on these questions variables on yearly income amounts are constructed Both net and gross incomes are constructed using standard assumptions on social security contributions If respondents have indicated a monthly income annual income is calcu lated using information from the number of months the respondent has received this in come and from the activity calendar All constructed variables have passed a series of manual plausibility checks These checks involve typing errors unplausibly high in come increases or decreases with respect to the last wave extreme income inconsist encies between the sum of income sources and total income and inconsistencies be tween individual and household income Details on income construction and plausibility 63 checks are described in the documentation Collection construction and plausibility checks of Income Data in th
11. 060 1 952 1 879 1 813 1 739 1 661 current and all previ OUS waves Grid level net re 64 91 88 86 90 82 91 87 86 91 91 94 93 93 94 sponse rates p Individual level net re 85 84 88 89 88 85 87 81 81 82 81 85 84 84 84 sponse rates Source Swiss Household Panel 1999 2013 http www swisspanel ch The SHP proxy interviews include information about children under 14 years and adult persons unable to respond to the survey old age handicap etc the SILC survey doesn t conduct proxy interviews regarding children Referring to all called individuals minus those with neutral problems foreign language etc Note SHP_I denotes the original households recruited in 1999 Referring to all gross households minus those with neutral problems neutral problems invalid telephone etc 87 Table 2 Participation in the Living in Switzerland Panel Survey 2004 2013 SHP_II Number of participat SHP II SHPI SHP II SHP _II SHP Il SHP _II SHP _II SHP _II SHP _II SHP _II ing units 2004 w1 2005 w2 2006 w3 2007 w4 2008 w5 2009 w6 2010 w7 2011 w8 2012 w9 2013 w10 Households with grids 2 704 1 908 1 754 1 548 1663 1 540 1 609 1 561 1 561 1 531 completed Household interview 2 538 1 799 1 684 1 494 1546 1 476 1 557 1 520 1 493 1 488
12. Inference 2010 doi 10 1016 j jspi 2010 04 010 Haferkamp H 1990 Sozialstruktur und Kultur Frankfurt am Main Suhrkamp Halpern David 2001 Moral values social trust and inequality Can values explain crime British Journal of Criminology 41 236 251 H pflinger F Charles M and Debrunner A 1991 Familienleben und Berufsarbeit Zum Wechselverh ltnis zweier Lebensbereiche Z rich Seismo International Labour Office 1990 International Standard Classification of Occupations ISCO 88 Geneva ILO John O P Naumann L P and Soto C J 2008 Paradigm Shift to the Integrative Big Five Trait Taxonomy History Measurement and Conceptual Issues In O P John R W Robins and L A Pervin Eds Handbook of personality Theory and research pp 114 158 New York NY Guilford Press Joye D and Scherpenzeel A 1997 Observation a long terme Projet de panel Pro gramme Prioritaire Demain la Suisse Bern Fonds national suisse de la recherche scientifique Joye D and Schuler M 1995 Stratification sociale en Suisse cat gories socio professionnelle Bern Office f d ral de la statistique Kalton G and Brick M 2000 Weighting in household panel surveys In Rose David Researching Social and Economic Change The Uses of Household Panel Studies p 96 112 London Routledge Kass G V 1980 An Exploratory Technique for Investigating Large Quantities of Cat egorical Data Journa
13. Survey Methodology 27 2 171 181 M ller H P and Schmid M 1995 Sozialer Wandel Modellbildung und theoretische Ans tze Frankfurt am Main Suhrkamp Noll H H 1998 Die Perspektive der Sozialberichterstattung in P Flora and H H Noll Eds Sozialberichterstattung und Sozialstaatbeobachtung pp 13 28 Frankfurt Cam pus Verlag Oesch D 2003 Labour market trends and the Goldthorpe class schema A conceptual reassessment Swiss Journal of Sociology 292 241 262 Oesch D 2006a Redrawing the Class Map Stratification and Institutions in Britain Germany Sweden and Switzerland Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan Oesch D 2006b Coming to grips with a changing class structure International Soci ology 21 2 263 288 Oesch D 2008 The changing shape of class voting An individual level analysis of party support in Britain Germany and Switzerland European Societies 10 3 329 355 Paugam S 2000 Le salari de la pr carit Les nouvelles formes de l int gration pro fessionnelle Paris Presses Universitaires de France Pearlin L I amp Schooler C 1978 The structure of coping Journal of Health and So cial Behavior 19 1 2 21 Plaza S and Graf E 2007 Recommandations et exemples pratiques concernant l application des pond rations Neuchatel Swiss Household Panel Rammstedt B and John O P 2007 Measuring personality in one minute or less A ten item short versi
14. a general overview about the theoretical assumption behind this personality traits scale John Naumann and Soto 2008 give information about the history and the con struction of the Big Five inventory taxonomy For the general five factor theory see also McCrea and Costa 2003 Srivastava Gosling and Potter 2003 provide information on the relative stability of personality traits during adulthood and put forward that not all the personality traits are equally stable In the SHP the BFI 10 is collected once at the first interview An examination of the data collected in 2009 shows that the Big Five 10 performed poor ly in the SHP Correlations between the items of the corresponding factors were relative ly low ranging from 0 07 for Agreeableness to 0 39 for Extraversion Furthermore factor analyses showed that only three out of the five personality dimensions could be repro duced Extraversion Neuroticism and Openness to Experience Therefore we recom mend being very cautious when using the Big Five 10 Ryser amp Lebert 2014 An alter native measure of the Big Five consisting of 15 items is currently discussed and may be implemented in wave 17 in 2015 71 Table 6 4 13 Big Five 10 Variable Label Available in wave see myself as someone who P C60 iS reserved W11 P C61 is generally trusting W 11 P C62 does a thorough job W11 P C63 is relaxed handles stress well W11 P C64 has an active
15. given labels that clearly indi cate the end point of the scale for example completely satisfied and not for example very satisfied Scales with two or more reference points and clear labels that fix the end points have proven to decrease the measurement error that can result from variation in response functions Saris and De Rooij 1988 3 Reliability of the data less measurement error Another argument is the effect of measurement error or the reliability of the data Scales with more response alternatives will be more reliable than those with fewer It is often stated that the reliability of scales increases with the number of points used There is probably a limit to the benefit of adding response categories or scale points An interna tional study of satisfaction across 10 different countries showed that the 11 point scale was the most valid and reliable scale of all scales included in the study Scherpenzeel and Saris 1995 In addition the reasons why this type of scale is especially suitable for CATI are 4 Time saving The number production scales do not consist of lists of alternatives that all have to be read aloud in a telephone interview Instead only the first and end point are read aloud and respondents are asked to produce a response alternative themselves This takes considerably less time than reading lists of fully labelled categories 5 No response order biases Response alternatives presented at the beginnin
16. imagination W 11 P C65 iS outgoing sociable W11 P C66 tends to find fault with others W11 P C67 tends to be lazy W11 P C68 gets nervous easily W11 P C69 has artistic interests W11 Note 1 Only asked after W11 if this was the respondents first interview Scoring the BFI 10 scales P C60 P C66 P C67 and P C68 are reversed in valence items Each trait is measured with two items Extraversion P C60 R P C65 Agreeableness P C61 P C66 R Conscientiousness P C62 P C67 R Neuroticism P C63 P C68 R Openness P C64 P C69 R means reversed item 6 4 3 Self perception and sense of control Six items measure a very general personal perception of the self Some items measure in how far respondents believe that their destiny is controlled by themselves and their own decisions or by external forces over which they do not have any power Individuals who believe more strongly that they control their own destiny are more likely to develop a feeling of self efficacy The items are rated on an eleven point scale from O I completely disagree to 10 I completely agree The first four questions are adapted by Levy Joye Guye and Kauf mann p 510 1997 from Strodtbeck 1958 These items are directly related to the per ception of the level of self mastery and self efficacy toward the environment The last two items come from the self esteem scale by Rosenberg 1965 and reflect
17. names and labels of these variables as well as how COM1_ is aggregated into COM2_ Table 6 3 13 Coding of the community typology variables COM1_ COM2_ 1 Great urban centres 1 Centres 1 2 3 2 Median sized urban centres 3 Small centres 4 Centre of peripheral region 5 Wealthy communes 3 Wealthy communes 5 6 Tourist communes 5 Tourist communes 6 7 7 Semi tourist commune 8 Communes with homes and asylums 9 Labour job communes in large central re 2 Suburban communes 9 10 12 13 gions 10 Suburban residential communes in large central regions 11 Peripheral urban communes in large central 4 Peripheral urban communes 11 14 regions 12 Labour job communes outside large central regions 13 Suburban residential communes outside large central 14 Peripheral urban communes outside large central regions 15 Net immigration communes moderate or 7 Rural commuter communes 15 16 high proportion 16 Native resident communes moderate or high proportion 17 Communes with industrial and tertiary sec 6 Industrial and tertiary sector communes tor employment 4 8 17 18 18 Communes with industrial employment 19 Communes with agricultural and industrial 8 Mixed agricultural communes 19 20 employment 20 Communes with agricultural and tertiary sector employment 21 Communes with agricultural employment 9 Peripheral agricultural communes 21 22 population 22 Communes with strongly shrinking popula tion 67 The municipalit
18. of the number of households The syntax SPSS and STATA for this correction can be found in the syntax example for the file creations that are released to gether with the data Second the household weights can also be used at the individual level In order to do so one needs to merge the household files with the individual files Then each individual gets the household weight An extrapolation using the household weights would then correspond to the population totals of the respective year In general we recommend using the individual weights for analyses on the individual level The use of the house hold weights for analyses on individual level makes however sense if one wishes to have a larger sample as some information on the individuals is coming from the household questionnaire or the grid and is thus available also for non respondents of a specific year 5 2 4 Addressing the complex sample structure in analyses Weighting provides estimates that are representative of the national population Another issue has to be considered when using the SHP the complex sample structure of the data The standard procedures of common statistical software packages e g SAS SPSS STATA underestimate variance Plaza and Graf 2007 because they assume a simple random sample As with most surveys the SHP sample selection is more com plex as it has stratification clustering and adjustments due to non response Such com plex sample needs to be taken i
19. related to education in the individual files Variable Description Information used for construction name e EDUCAT Highest level of education achieved From household grid and individual inter 11 categories view Individual interview considered more reliable EDCAT Highest level of education achieved From household grid and individual inter 17 categories view Individual interview considered more reliable 6 3 3 Work status occupation and social position Work status WSTAT is constructed from P W01 working for pay last week P W03 have a job although not working last week and P W06 can start work im mediately from the individual questionnaire 55 All social stratification measures presented below are based on the respondents occu pational titles which were carefully coded by the Swiss Federal Office of Statistics This Swiss specific code was then recoded into the International Standard of Classifica tion of Occupations ISCO 88 developed by the International Labour Office Users interested in ISCO 08 codes can transform swiss specific occupation codes P W28 X W01 P W111 X WO06 P 012 P 029 P 046 with the xls table provided on our website The SHP provides several occupational classifications Only people who report an occu pational title can be classified The following classifications were constructed A The Wright class structure Wright III B Erikson Goldthorpe and Portocare
20. respectively 90 Central Switzerland Ticino Urbanization highly and moderately urbanized centres small urban centres communes of urbanized centres communes of small urban centres communes remote from urbanized centres Civil status single never married married separated divorced widower widow Children in household Employment active occupied unemployed not in labour force Owner residence 7 gt Mean satisfaction with health 0 10 Participate in clubs Mean general trust in people 0 10 Mean interest in politics 0 10 10 0 3 8 61 2 8 9 11 6 8 6 9 7 42 5 47 1 1 4 6 5 2 5 59 2 60 4 1 1 38 5 51 8 8 40 60 0 6 01 5 41 9 3 3 8 59 3 10 1 10 5 9 0 11 1 43 0 48 0 1 1 5 9 2 0 63 9 63 8 1 8 34 4 50 4 8 28 53 8 5 58 4 88 8 7 4 3 61 0 10 4 10 2 7 8 10 7 44 8 44 4 1 0 5 9 3 9 60 2 63 1 2 1 34 8 45 4 8 19 47 6 5 37 4 62 Region Lake Geneva VD VS GE Middleland BE FR SO NE JU North west Switzerland BS BL AG Zurich East Switzerland GL SH AR Al SG GR TG Central Switzerland LU UR SZ OW NW ZG Ticino See Appendix A for a list of cantons P Asked from 2002 onwards gt Difference between always and irregularly participating is not significant Cramers V p 12 23 Difference between always and irregularly participating is not si
21. results do not mean that these variables are unusable However they show that the phenomenon of attrition can certainly not be ignored The researcher must account for this in his analyses and if necessary in the given interpretation Note also that the variables for which a bias occurred after weighting and not before were part of the rotating module Leisure and culture this year For the first panel there are 1215 variables that appear in at least one wave of the per sonal files and are thus eligible for testing Out of these there are 361 deemed unfit to be tested The following groups of variables were excluded 32 e proxy variables as it concerns reports on other household members e variables with the same response in all waves considered such as status e variables with too few respondents for categorical variables if no category has at least 30 respondents and for numeric if the total number of respondents is less than 30 e variables of which the modality is too high this is for categorical variables with more than 100 distinct responses such as the 4 digit isco job classification e variables for which testing does not make sense such as id variables dates and weights Table 5 4 gives a summary of the results If a variable has bias detected for any year without weights then it falls into the category of Difference without weight If a variable has bias detected for any year with weights then it falls
22. the Swiss Household Panel Table 1 Participation in the Living in Switzerland Panel Survey 1999 2013 SHP_I Number of partici SHP _I SHP _I SHP _I SHP _I SHP _I SHP _I SHP _I SHP _I SHP _I SHP_I SHP_I1 SHP_I SHP l pating units SHP_I SHP_I 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 1999 2000 w3 wa w5 w6 w7 w8 w9 w10 w11 w12 w13 w14 w15 w1 w2 Households with grids 5 074 4 532 4 314 3 685 3 289 2 918 2 526 2 580 2 893 2 793 3 052 3 065 3 055 3 032 2 936 completed Household interview 5 074 4 425 4 139 3 582 3 227 2 837 2 457 2 537 2 817 2 718 2 930 2 985 2 977 2 968 2 881 completed Persons living in 12 931 11 678 11 116 9 537 8478 7 517 6 491 6 587 7 225 6 905 7 469 7 477 7 450 7 274 6 999 participating households Persons aged 14 10 293 9 297 8 942 7 553 6 719 5 976 5 220 5 333 5 972 5 740 6 224 6 286 6 335 6 229 6 043 years and older eligi ble for individual inter viewing Personal interview 7 799 7 073 6 601 5 700 5 220 4 413 3 888 4 091 4 630 4 494 4 800 5 057 5 103 5 032 4 880 completed Proxy Interviews 2 638 2 381 2 174 1 984 1 724 1 482 1 241 1 237 1 226 11 127 1 216 1 163 1 085 1 029 923 Persons responding in 6 335 5 429 4 480 3 888 3 076 2 622 2 399 2 209 2
23. the ap praisal of one s own worth These questions are asked at regular intervals and were in cluded for the second time in wave 14 72 Table 6 4 14 Self perception Variable Label Available in waves P C70 Self Perception incapacity to make plans because of W 11 W14 unpredictability P C71 Self Perception little influence on life events W 11 W14 P C72 Self Perception capacity to overcome unexpected prob W 11 W14 lems P C73 Self Perception capacity to choose between two possi W 11 W14 bilities P C74 Self Perception feeling of uselessness W 11 W14 P C75 Self Perception feeling of selfsatisfaction W 11 W14 Note PO9C72 P09C73 and P09C75 are reversed in valence In 2012 wave 14 items related to the Sense of control were introduced in the SHP Table 6 4 15 Sense of control Variable Label Available in waves P12C104 Sense of control Doing everything set in my mind W14 P12C105 Sense of control Find a way to succeed W14 P12C106 Sense of control What I want is in my hands W14 P12C107 Sense of control What will happen depends on me W14 Perceived constraints W14 P12C108 Sense of control Others determine what can do W14 P12C109 Sense of control Feeling of being pushed in my life W14 Three items P C106 P C107 and P C109 come from Pearlin and Schooler 1978 Three items P C104 P C105 and P C108 come from Lachman and Weaver 1998 A scale score can be constructed by calculating
24. using segmentation The sample includes all individuals older than 14 living in households having responded to the grid and containing at least one longitudinal re spondent Finally the weight is calibrated on the estimated totals of sex by age national ity civil status and region for the year under consideration using data from ES POP STATPOP Household cross sectional weights All members of a household are given the same weight The way the weights are shared is the same as in equation 2 where P may be equal to 0 Next this weight is adjusted by segmentation for non response to the household questionnaire Finally a calibration is done under the restriction that all members of the same household must have the same weight again using data from ESPOP STATPOP Individual transitional factors Whereas the current longitudinal weights always refer to the first wave the transitional factors are useful for the development of custom made longitudinal samples It also allows for the longitudinal weighting of non OSMs One takes the waves of interest t t k Then the longitudinal weight for the sample of interest is longitudinal x cross sectional w transitional f transitional f x Determining these factors is a two step process First segmentation is used to model response to the grid at wave t given response to the individual questionnaire in wave t 1 Second response to the individual questionnaire in w
25. wave of the SHP_III only participants aged 16 or older were eligible They received an uncon ditional 10 CHF incentive Two different approaches were used one for households for which address and telephone number were available and one for households for which only an address was known 4 1 1 Procedure for the households with a known address and telephone number When a telephone number was known households were contacted by phone to com plete the grid and household questionnaires CATI Two to four days after this initial in terview biographical questionnaires an instruction manual and a return envelope were sent to all eligible participants Participants who did not return the biographical question naire within two weeks received a reminder Participants who still did not respond within the two weeks following this first reminder were re contacted by a special face to face team This team provided help with the completion of the biographical questionnaire if needed 4 1 2 Procedure for households of which only an address was known If no telephone number was available interviewers went to the households to complete the grid and household questionnaire face to face CAPI If possible the respondents also completed the biographical questionnaire at this time Otherwise the biographical questionnaire a manual and a return envelope were left with the respondent who could complete the questionnaire at a later time The follow up of nonresp
26. 002 Theorization Construc tion and Validation of a Social Stratification Scale Cambridge Social Interaction and Stratification Scale CAMSIS for Switzerland Swiss Journal of Sociology 28 7 25 Budowski M Niklowitz M Scherpenzeel A Tillmann R Wernli B and Zimmer mann E 1998 Description of life domains and indicators of the Swiss Household Panel SHP Working Paper 2 98 Neuchatel Swiss Household Panel Budowski M Tillmann R Zimmermann E Wernli B Scherpenzeel A and Gabadi nho A 2001 The Swiss Household Panel 1999 2003 Data for research on micro social change ZUMA Nachrichten 50 100 125 Budowski M and Wernli B 2004 Echantillon et taux de r ponse de l experience m thodologique 2001 et du questionnaire biographique 2002 SHP Working Paper 2 04 Neuchatel Swiss Household Panel Caspi A Moffitt T E Thornton A Freedman D Amell J W Harrington H et al 1996 The life history calendar a research and clinical assessment method for collect ing retrospective event history data International journal of methods in psychiatric re search Cauchon C and Latouche M 2006 Weighting of the Swiss Household Panel SHP I Wave 6 SHP II Wave 1 SHP I and SHP Il combined Statistique Canada 79 Davies R B 1994 From Cross Sectional to Longitudinal Analysis In A Dale and R B Davies Eds Analyzing Social and Political Change pp 20 40 London SAGE D
27. 8 to each additional person Table 6 3 12 List of constructed income variables of households Variable Gross net Description ISSHTYG gross I HTYN net social security taken into account where possible I EQSG gross I EQON net social security taken into account where possible I EQOG gross I EQON net social security taken into account where possible IS HTAX Yearly income from all members Taxes not deducted Yearly household income equivalised ac cording to SKOS scale 1998 see www swisspanel ch Taxes not deducted Yearly household income equivalised ac cording to modified OECD scale Taxes not deducted Simulated direct taxes at the municipal cantonal and federal level Additional income variables The constructed annualised income variables of the SHP user files have been imputed if the amount was missing don t know no answer implausible value These imputed val ues can be downloaded from _hitp forscenter ch en our surveys swiss household panel datasupport 2 telecharger les donnees The SHP cross national equivalent file CNEF contains income sources defined slightly differently than in the SHP user file The CNEF variables with the exception of profes sional income report income on the household level Missing values have been imput ed The CNEF variables can be downloaded from http forscenter ch en our surveys swiss household panel datasupport 2 cnef 2 To access CNEF var
28. DTHORP GLDLAJ IS4LAJ P W117 P W114 P W112 E ESeC ESECLJ IS3LAJj P W117 P W114 P W112 CSP CSPLAJ P W111 EDUCAT P W117 P W114 P W112 TREIMAN TR1LAJ ISALAJ P W117 P W114 P W112 CAMSIS CAILAJ P W111 SEX OESCH OESCH IS4LAJ EDUCAT P W114 NOGA2L Table 6 3 7 Variables used for classifications for father s and mother s occupation Variable profession education Hierarchical Number of status self employed name level man employees employee etc agement su of self pervision employed production WRIGHT3 WASFAJ IS4FAJ P 017 P 016 P 014 P 013 WA3MOJ 1S4MOJ P 034 P 033 P 031 P 030 GOLDTHORPE GLDFAJ IS4FAJ P 016 P 014 P 013 GLDMAJ 1S4MOJ P 033 P 031 P 030 ESeC ESECFA IS3FAJ P 016 P 014 P 013 ESECMO IS3MOJ P 033 P 031 P 030 CSP CSPFAJ P 012 P 017 P 016 P 014 P 013 CSPMAJ P 029 P 034 P 033 P 031 P 030 TREIMAN TR1FAJ IS4FAJ P 016 P 014 P 013 TR1MOJ 1S4MOJ P 033 P 031 P 030 CAMSIS CAIFAJ P 012 CAIMOJ P 029 57 A The Wright class structure Wright III The classification presented here was developed several years after the first and second versions cf Western and Wright 1994 It was used in particular for the study of social mobility Its main advantage already present in Wright s second classification is that it is based on three dimensions authority expertise and property These
29. EHER aa nena anada a aT a aain a a E SN Ea ea 79 Appendix A List of cantons in Switzerland cccccccceeeeceeeeceeeeeeeeeeeaneeeeeeeeeeneaeeeeees 86 Appendix B Participation in the Swiss Household Panel 444snennn 87 Appendix C Attrition in the SHP_I amp SHP_Il sseeseenseeeseensesesesesrrrsserrrrereserrrrrneererrrnnneene 90 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 Aims and Analytic Potential The principal aim of the Swiss Household Panel SHP is to observe social change in particular the dynamics of changing living conditions and social representations in the population of Switzerland During the years 1998 2007 the Swiss Household Panel was a joint project run by the Swiss National Science Foundation the Swiss Federal Statisti cal Office and the University of Neuch tel Since January 2008 the SHP is part of the Swiss Centre of Expertise in the Social Sciences FORS hosted by the University of Lausanne The creation of the SHP was one of the key structural measures implemented by the Swiss Priority Program Switzerland Towards the Future during the period 1998 2003 and had two main purposes Farago 1996 Joye and Scherpenzeel 1997 1 To ensure a solid database for social reporting on stability and changes in living ar rangements and well being in Switzerland that complements data collected by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2 To promote opportunities for quantitative social science research by m
30. HY I PIHY I AVSY Income from old age or disability pension annual amount From 2002 on sum of I OASIY 1 AIY ISSPENY The questions on income have changed over the duration of the panel cf Table 6 3 11 With the exception of family allowances only asked from 2004 onward as well as old age pension and other income sources in 1999 old age pension was not asked in 1999 these changes should not influence comparisons across waves The variables collected from 1999 2001 can be constructed for all years by aggregating different in come sources as shown in the table Table 6 3 11 Collection of individual income by wave 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 from 2004 I WY I WY I EMPY I EMPY I INDY I INDY I AVSY I OASIY I OASIY AIY AIY I PENY I PENY I STPY I STPY I UNEY I UNEY I WELY I WELY I GRAY I GRAY I INSY I INSY I FAMY I STFY I STFY I PIHY I PIHY I PNHY I PNHY I OSY I OSY I OSY I OSY Household income There are two different ways of constructing household income Firstly in the household questionnaire reference persons are asked to estimate total household income sum of all household members Secondly in the individual questionnaire household members from 14 years of age are asked about their personal income Total individual income amounts corrected for within household transfers are then added to calculate house hold income The constructed variables on household income liste
31. UG RA4 ucnunneenenennennennnennnennnennnenennnen nen 63 6 3 5 INCOME a EE ENEE A E E E E GA a aaa sahne hen Feed 63 6 3 6 Geographical information 44 40ss4444nnnnenennnnnnnnnnnonnnnnnnnnnnannnnnnnn nn 67 6 4 References for psychosocial variables ccccccceccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeneaaes 68 6 4 1 Subjective well being indicators and SCAIe S c ccccsesesseesseeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeees 68 6 4 2 Personality traits Big Five Inventory 10 BFI 10 nn 71 6 4 3 Self perception and sense of control 22444ssssnnnnsennnnnnennnnnnnn nn 72 04 4 WOES FERDRERERRTERTELET PER EHETLERERESRERSTELEORRLERTEEEEESEENNATSTELLERFLAHRETEFENERERLTUERRFAESEEERRELENENIATR 73 6 4 5 Important things in life 2 0 eee cece ee eeeceeeeeee cece eaeeeeeeseeeaaeeeeeesesecieeeeeeseeeeaaes 74 6 4 6 Gender role attitudes 42222444400040nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnnnnnannnnn 74 6 4 7 Risk averfsi n Scaler er AA ee a taney a sees 75 6 5 Main missing value conventions u04444444snsnnsnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnn 76 6 6 Imputation procedures 244400sn4nnnnnnnnnannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnennnnnnsannnnnn nn 76 6 7 Combining data files a e aa aeaea a aaa TEA AaS AEE AEREA EA E E EA AATE AAEREN 76 6 8 Changing the language of the variable and value labels ne 77 References nn
32. according to a factor allocating a relative importance to each of the samples based on its size Finally we briefly present the cali bration method Calibrations are used to adjust all the weights so that certain population sums are correct equal to the sums of the non institutionalized Swiss population The adjustments due to calibration are chosen to be as small as possible to minimize the in troduction of bias for non correlated variables Adjustments for non response Modelling of non response in the SHP is done by the process of segmentation Kass 1980 The goal of segmentation is to determine the response probability of the panel members or households and is thus used for modelling non response either to the grid the household questionnaire or the individual questionnaire The method proposed by Kass is the Chi squared Automatic Interaction Detector CHAID procedure When mod eling the non response the dependent variable consists of the response status whereas socio demographic information is used as independent variables As one needs infor mation that is available also for non respondents the choice of the variables used to ad just non response is limited CHAID proceeds in consecutive steps and represents a kind of classification tree that shows at each intersection the auxiliary variable that best models the non response The algorithm first chooses the variable for the partition of the data that is most highly asso ciated wi
33. ailed discussion 18 This classification was developed by a consortium of nine institutes from the UK Germany France the Netherlands Sweden Italy and Ireland See for more information http www iser essex ac uk research esec 59 Table 6 3 8 The European Socio economic Classification ESeC Class Common Term 1 Large employers higher grade professional Higher salariat administrative and managerial occupations 2 Lower grade professional administrative Lower salariat and managerial occupations and higher grade technician and supervisory occupa tions 3 Intermediate occupations Higher grade white collar workers 4 Small employer and self employed occupa Petit bourgeoisie or independents tions excluding agriculture etc 5 Self employed occupations agriculture etc Petit bourgeoisie or independents 6 Lower supervisory and lower technician oc Higher grade blue collar workers cupations 7 Lower services sales and clerical occupa Lower grade white collar workers tions 8 Lower technical occupations Skilled workers 9 Routine occupations Semi and nonskilled workers 10 Never worked and long term unemployed Unemployed The primary distinction in an employment relations approach is that between employers who buy the labour of others and assume some degree of authority and control over them self employed or own account workers who neither buy labour nor sell their la bour to others and employees who sell their labour to e
34. aining 6 other 4 6 retired 4 6 Retired 4 7 other 4 7 Student 4 8 student 4 8 At home domestic work chil 4 dren 9 Other inactive 4 46 6 1 4 Last job file This file contains information on the last job of all individuals who were a inactive at the time of their first interview and b interviewed in person or by proxy in any ofthe waves since 1999 The information on the last job is collected within the individual interview if the following three conditions are simultaneously met e The person is interviewed for the first time e The person does not currently work P W01 P WO2 and P W03 1 e The person has already worked in a regular way in the past P W07 1 The information on the last job may also be collected in a proxy interview if the following three conditions are simultaneously met e Itis the person s first proxy e The person does not work i e in the household grid G OCC 1 or 2 e The person has already worked for at least one year X W05 Because this information is collected only once it is not necessary to display it in the in dividual file in every wave The information is combined in a file last job comprising the variables of the individual questionnaire and the proxy questionnaire in which the wave identifier is renamed by SPSS or__ Stata SAS A separate variable LUYY indicates the wave in which the information is collected Note that if a respondent is not working at a g
35. aking high quality data available to Swiss social scientists and to the international social science research community The structure of the SHP was developed using insights from the social sciences and the experiences made by various panel surveys in Europe and North America Budowski et al 1998 Budowski et al 2001 Joye and Scherpenzeel 1997 It was based on theoreti cal work related to the structure and development of contemporary societies Beck 1986 Eisenstadt 1990 Haferkamp 1990 Konietzka 1995 Leisering and Walker 1998 Mayer 1991 Muller and Schmid 1995 recent analyses of Swiss society and the way it func tions H pflinger et al 1991 Leu et al 1997 Levy et al 1997 and on literature about social monitoring Davies 1994 Noll 1998 Like other households panels the SHP is a tool for fine tuning our conceptions and analyses of social dynamics Budowski et al 2001 Berthoud and Gershuny 2000 Rose 1995 The dynamics at the macrosocial level do not directly belong to the field of obser vation covered by a panel survey What panel surveys are intended to investigate how ever are the effects of changes at the macrosocial level on the living conditions of households and individuals the manner in which these changes affect the individuals and households and how they produce social change on a microsocial level The main purpose of household panels is therefore to understand the processes causes and ef fects of the social
36. al conversion The SHP is a panel i e the same persons and households are interviewed annually and answer with a few exceptions the same questions In contrast to a rotating panel it is an indefinite life simple panel There are therefore no continuous refreshments of the sample At present the SHP comprises three samples drawn by the Swiss Federal Sta tistical Office the SHP_I the sample of households and individuals selected in 1999 and interviewed for the first time that year the SHP_II interviewed for the first time in 2004 and the SHP_III interviewed for the first time in 2013 Information is collected at the household and the individual level The SHP uses three types of questionnaires a household grid questionnaire to assess the household com position lasting less than 10 minutes a household questionnaire lasting 15 minutes on average and an individual questionnaire All individuals aged 14 or more living in the household are eligible to answer the individual questionnaire lasting around 35 minutes The individual questionnaire of the reference person includes in addition a proxy questionnaire on household members younger than 14 years household mem bers who are absent for a longer period or who are unable to respond themselves due to illness or disability 2 2 Sample structure The SHP consists currently of three different samples SHP_I was drawn in 1999 SHP_Il in 2004 and SHP_IIl in 2013 Because of the temp
37. amples individuals living in old peoples homes institutions collective households or prison are not part of the population of reference An estimated 98 5 of private households had a telephone connection at the time of the selection of the sample for the SHP_II in 2004 The SRH covered about 93 of these households In 1999 at the time of the selection of the sample for the SHP_I the SRH s coverage rate was about 95 The sampling frame SRH and CASTEM are subject to the following errors e undercoverage some households were not listed in the directory at the time of selection This includes households with unlisted numbers and households that could not be contacted by telephone This problem may produce a bias differ ences in the estimates based on the actually observed population SHP survey compared to those that would have been observed based on the target popula tion see Lipps and Kissau 2012 e duplicates despite meticulous checking of the SRH to ensure that only one num ber is kept per household some households appear more than once in the sur vey frame This problem results in incorrect initial selection probabilities As the effect is negligible no correction factor was calculated for households with sev eral telephone lines e overcoverage selection of units outside the target population businesses homes prisons collective households second homes It should be noted that for a panel this problem is o
38. and can therefore link the occurrence and duration of events in different do mains Interrelatedness facilitates recall for distinct events because interrelated themes reflect the individual autobiographical memory Belli 1998 Belli Lee Stafford amp Van Hees 2002 The visual structure also helps to detect gaps and inconsistencies Overall this method produces high quality retrospective data Freedman Thornton Camburn Alwin amp Yound De Marco 1988 The life calendar covers the following domains of life 1 residential trajectory information on residential mobility 2 residence permit information on the different residence permits of non Swiss re spondents 3 living arrangements information on with whom the respondent lived during the life course 4 partner relationships information on partner relationships and changes in civil status 5 family events information on the occurrence and timing of family related events such as birth or death of a child separation or divorce of the parents death of a member of the family 6 professional activities information on professional activities and periods during which the respondent received social benefits 7 health information on the occurrence and duration of different health problems See for more information on the SHPIII files 6 1 6a 21 CHAPTER 3 FIELDWORK SHP_I SHP_II Starting with the selection and training of the interviewers this chapter describes the whol
39. ave t is modelled given response at the grid at the same wave In the development of these factors certain theoretical weaknesses were uncovered This comes into play if many waves are strung together Because of this we recommend not to use more than three consecutive years see 38 http aresoas unil ch DataWeb Examples TransitionalFactors SHP transitional_factors p df 5 2 3 Selection of the appropriate weight It is essential to use weights in order to have estimates that are representative of the un derlying population Cross sectional weights always refer to the year analysed both for households and for individuals whereas longitudinal weights individuals always ex trapolate to the population resident in Switzerland in 1999 for SHP_I to the population resident in Switzerland in 2004 for the combined panel SHP_I and SHP_II and for the population resident in Switzerland for the combined panel SHP_I SHP_II and SHP_II The transitional factors allow weighting respondents to a selection of consecutive waves and refer to the first year of the sequence Therefore in the selection of a weight one needs to know whether the study concerns only one year i e is cross sectional or considers several years and is longitudinal in nature For each of the types of delivered weights there are two weights produced One is to give the weighted size of the sample the size of the relevant Swiss population These are the weights as described in t
40. ch as satisfac tion an estimate of the minimum income the household considers necessary or an eval uation of how the household s financial situation has evolved 5 the household and the family collecting information on any external help available to the household for housework or child care the sharing of tasks and decision making within the household The individual questionnaires cover the following topics 1 the household and the family comprising objective elements such as the existence of children living outside the household the sharing of housework and childcare as well as subjective elements such as satisfaction with private life and with the share of the housework 2 health and victimisation covering objective elements such as general illness and health problems visits to the doctor and hospitalisation long term handicaps threats or attacks endured together with subjective elements such as the self perceived state of health the estimated evolution of the state of health or satisfaction with one s own health 3 social origins asked at first interview only referring to information related to profes sion professional position educational level political positioning and the nationality of both parents together with possible financial difficulties in the family of origin 4 education covering the various levels of achieved education education currently be ing pursued f
41. changes currently occurring The data collected from household pan 1 Panel data is data collected about the same units at more than one point in time It allows for insights into dynamic transformations social processes and changes across time Menard 1991 Instead of simply tak ing a snapshot of people and households at one given point in time by interviewing the same households and their members annually panel data enables the following the observation of changes for the same enti ties the reconstruction of the nature and development of their actions the examination of precedents con current dynamics and the consequences of alternative strategies els supply unique information allowing not only to estimate gross transitions but also providing an understanding of the transitions observed i e the circumstances family events a change in the activity status heath events etc causing movements in and out of a given state e g the fact that a household or an individual is living below a de fined poverty line In other words by observing the same individuals over the course of time it is not only possible to study the change in numbers but also the flow of move ments between the various states of being and to establish links of causality between different factors and events Moreover the SHP has two other main characteristics that increase its analytic potential First it is a comprehensive survey covering a broad range o
42. completed Persons living in par 6 569 4 673 4 276 3 777 3984 3 686 3 855 3 728 3 696 3 576 ticipating households Persons aged 14 years 5 376 3 845 3 500 3 123 3291 3 033 3 184 3 136 3 115 3 020 and older eligible for in dividual interviewing Personal interview 3 654 2 649 2 568 2 350 2410 2 309 2 489 2 481 2 414 2 327 completed Proxy Interviews 1 117 772 745 639 647 624 655 572 565 544 Persons respondingin 2 395 1 930 1 601 1400 1 289 1 221 1 157 1 102 1 039 current and all previous waves Grid level net response 65 81 78 84 81 91 88 90 85 92 rates Individual level net re 76 75 78 80 80 81 83 84 81 80 sponse rates Source Swiss Household Panel 2004 2013 http www swisspanel ch The SHP proxy interviews include information about children under 14 years and adult persons unable to respond to the survey old age handicap etc the SILC survey doesn t conduct proxy interviews regarding children Referring to all gross households minus those with neutral problems neutral problems invalid telephone etc Referring to all called individuals minus those with neutral problems foreign language etc Note SHP_II stands for the newly recruited SHP households in 2004 88 Table 3 Participation in the Living in Switzerland Panel Survey 2013 SHP_III Number of participating units SHP III 2013 w1 Households with grids completed 4 066 Househo
43. contract individually SHP data users commit themselves to sending a copy of all working papers final reports or publi cations to the SHP swisspanel fors unil ch 1 6 Research network Living in Switzerland In September 2014 the research network Living in Switzerland had some 1762 regis tered members which represents an increase of 25 since June 2013 So far 59 spe cial contracts for CNEF data have been signed with the SHP Figure 3 shows the contin uous increase of SHP data users since the first wave Figure 3 Number of users who ever received a SHP CD or password Final version SHP Data 2 For more information see http cnef ehe osu edu or Frick et al 2007 CD received or password received 2000 1800 CD received or 1600 password 1400 received 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Wave Wave Yave Wave Yave Wave Wave Wave Wave gave Ave Ave fve feve 14 A 08 20 14 Among the SHP data users sociology 32 and economics 30 are by far the most prevalent disciplines followed by political science 9 public health 6 psychology 3 statistics 3 and education 2 A few scientists from technical sciences ge ography theology and media science are also present indicating that spatially related topics are also being analysed using the SHP data The data users belong to the following institutions Swiss academic institutions 73 international aca
44. ction with society at large What are the consequences of various forms of living together in terms of social support and solidarity Which services are produced and consumed within the family unit obtained from the outside or provided by external bodies e g care for children and the elderly e Labour market participation work and life satisfaction What are the different forms of labour market participation full time vs part time employment precari ous and insecure employment sub employment vs over employment under and over qualification etc and their relationship to work and life satisfaction How do people especially women with small children manage conflicting de mands from the workplace and from home e Poverty and social exclusion What kinds of living conditions are associated with poverty and social exclusion What are the family and individual characteristics of the poor and what is the mechanism which leads them out of poverty Who remains poor despite policy measures for support What are the complex rela tionships between poverty social isolation and externally induced social exclu sion e Gender social and economic participation How do life trajectories diverge ac cording to gender Why do professional careers of men and women with similar educational resources still diverge e Social determinants of health How is the life course of individuals and families of widely different origins and facing differ
45. d below represent the sum of individual income in two cases either if all individuals have answered the in come questions in the individual questionnaire or if the sum of individual income is larger than the household income from the household questionnaire In the other cases household income from the household interview is taken Only if household income is based on individual income adjustments are made for gross and net income To better assess the income situation of a household equivalised household income takes account of the household size and household composition by converting house hold income into income of one person households To compute equivalised household income the household income is divided by an equivalence scale Two different equiva lence scales are used in the SHP Firstly the modified OECD scale variables I EQON 65 and I EQOG attributes a weight of 1 to the first adult a weight of 0 5 to all other household members from 14 years on and a weight of 0 3 to children up to 14 years The sum of these weights gives the modified OECD scale Secondly the SKOS equiva lence scale Swiss Conference of social assistance variables I EQSN and I EQSG attributes a weight of 1 to a 1 person household 1 53 to a two person household 1 86 to a three person household 2 14 to a four person household 2 42 to a five person household 2 70 to a six person household 2 98 to a seven person household and in creases by 0 2
46. d the following question variable P W177 Since month year has there been a change in the number of hours you work have you started or ended an activity or even been unemployed wave 2 to wave 5 Since month year have you changed your professional status employee self employed changed the amount of hours you work full time part time started or stopped work or been unemployed wave 6 and after In case the answer is no to this question the activity status by the time of the interview is assumed to hold for every month that elapsed since the preceding interview or for the last 12 months if the respondent did not respond to the individual questionnaire in the preceding wave For these cases the appropriate value is imputed for all months since the last wave In terms of labour market participation Here the term activity is used 44 In case the answer is yes to one of the questions above i e if the person reported any changes in his her status during the period considered the calendar questions are asked and the employment situation is assessed for every month since the previous wave The calendar questions changed twice since the start of the survey First in wave 2 and 3 different questions were asked depending on whether or not the respondent had a paid job Response categories differed between these two questions see Table 6 1 1 In wave 4 and 5 both active and inactive respondents answer
47. demic institutions 18 public administrations 5 and private insti tutes 4 Academic communities clearly dominate but the statistical use by public administrations and private research facilities is certainly not negligible Nowadays al most 20 of the researchers come from abroad Within Switzerland all universities and many universities of applied science Fachhochschule HES are represented among the data users Figure 4 Disciplines and their distributions among SHP data users CD from any wave or password n 1762 Sociology Economics Political Science Public Health Psychology Statistics Methods _ Education Demography Techn Science Geography Media Science Theology Ethnology Law Else 1 7 Getting more information Questions Please visit our website www swisspanel ch or contact the SHP at swisspanel fors unil ch Phone 41 21 692 37 30 Fax 41 21 692 37 35 Contact persons for specific topics Topics Information by E mail and phone Registration data contract secretariat research net work conferences Data methods income and simulated taxes CNEF programming in Stata Data communication with the households instruction of interviewers monitoring of the survey programming in SPSS Interviewer data contact data methods program ming in Stata Weighting survey method ology programming in SAS Data methods communi cation with the households prog
48. dimensions form seven categories instead of the twelve that Wright proposed in his second version The reduction from twelve to only seven cells obviously increases the cell counts and thus statistical power A number of choices were made for the operationalization and adaptation of this sche ma a few of which are to a certain extent necessarily somewhat arbitrary a b Most cases of self employment were unproblematic In some cases we attribut ed this status to family members employed in their own family business as well as to those who considered themselves employees of their own enterprise The demarcation between middle class and the petty bourgeoisie is often based on whether or not the respondent has employees Here by homogeneity with other classification schemas we set the minimum qualification criteria to ten employees Competence derived from educational attainment are qualified in several ways i Directly relating to the occupation ISCO 88 includes in its occupational classification an explicit reflection on the relations between educational attainment and occupational titles ii According to educational and training trajectories normally followed by those with a particular occupation as established from the Swiss Popula tion Census of 1990 iii Based on the respondents attained educational and professional qualifi cations whatever the relevance to their occupation Technically the follow
49. ds of discrimination in this sense this scale gives information whether it is the group and or the individual which is perceived as a target for discrimination Table 6 4 21 Equality Variable Question Available in waves Do you have the feeling that in Switzerland women are penalized compared with men in certain areas Do you in your everyday life feel penalized com pared with the opposite sex P P20 WOo2 W 11 W13 P P21 WO02 W 11 W13 5 Measuring attitudes toward measures promoting gender equality is another way to measure gender role attitudes Such a scale is much more subtle and provides an indi rect measure of gender role attitudes Two items assess the propensity to behave in a way to improve equality between men and women One item is a global measure at the group level and one item measures the possibility to act at the individual level These items are inspired by the neo sexism scale Tougas Brown and Joly 1995 a scale which assesses the attitude toward gender roles in society instead of measuring atti tudes toward women directly Such measures are supposed to be less threatening com pared to direct measures and emphasizes attitudes that are generally hidden Table 6 4 22 In favour of equality measures Variable Question Available in waves Are you in favour of Switzerland taking more steps to ensure the promotion of women In your own relationships with the opposite sex does P P23 it seem possible to you that s
50. dy 2004 2005 in collaboration with the Swiss Federal Statistical Office The SILC pilot data were distributed by the SHP until the end of 2008 During the whole period at the University of Neuchatel the SHP contributed to academic teaching The third phase of the SHP is linked to the integration into the Swiss Centre of Expertise in the Social Sciences FORS Since 2008 the SHP continues to be funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation and is part of FORS hosted by the University of Lau sanne 1 3 Use of the SHP When analysing the research domains reported by the SHP data users n 1762 we found that around 2400 topics of interest were mentioned Figure 1 shows the relative importance of the single topic categories given by the SHP research network members The category with the topics Labour Market Employment Income leads the table Poverty Living Conditions Quality of Life Health Physical Activity and Life Course Adolescence Retirement Aging are also among the most frequently listed researched topics Moreover around 300 users mentioned using the data in the framework of semi nars and courses In conclusion the active data users of the SHP research network cover a very broad spectrum of research domains This is a strong indication that the multidisciplinary SHP survey serves the research needs of a very diversified and interdisciplinary academic community both nationally and internationally Fig
51. e participation participants received an unconditional incentive Interviewers were trained to convince sample members to participate in the study 4 3 1 Incentives for the interviewers M I S Trend introduced different procedures and collective incentives to increase the interviewers performance 4 3 3 Refusal conversion The procedure for the SHP_III is similar to the one for the SHP_I and the SHP_Il Households that refused to participate in the survey have been re approached by refusal conversion trained interviewers 4 3 4 Contacting respondents for the future For all three samples to avoid household drop out because of unsuccessful tracing due to moving changed phone numbers household splits etc several measures ensure that contact can be established with the respondents in future waves These measure are presented in detail in 3 3 4 4 4 Quality control Measures of quality control are the same as for the SHP_I and SHP_Il see 3 4 Quality control 26 CHAPTER 5 DATA QUALITY 5 1 Response rates and attrition 5 1 1 Response rates Tables 5 1 to 5 3 indicate the number of interviewed households and persons for the years 1999 2013 in the three SHP samples See Appendix A for further detail on re sponse figures SHP_I For the SHP_ waves 1 to 15 5 074 households were first interviewed in 1999 In the fifteenth wave 2 881 households and 4 880 persons responded Tables 5 1 and 5 2 Out of the 7 799 persons in
52. e the birth of a child or a sibling or the death of a parent Professional activities SHPIII_PROF_ACT_USER Information on paid work unemployment and periods of inactivity Health SHPIII HEA_USER Information on operations accidents and mental health problems The files on the various domains are long files or vertical files where each row con tains one episode Hence respondents are included with as many rows as they men tioned episodes Respondents experiencing different episodes in a given domain for example they have held several jobs take up multiple rows in the file one for every job An index variable is included to preserve the order of the episodes of respondents 6 1 6b Biographical files 2001 2002 In 2001 and 2002 a retrospective biographical questionnaire was developed with ques tions regarding respondents educational working and family histories to obtain addi tional information about the respondents life course prior to the panel study SHP Ques tionnaires Biography under Documentation Questionnaires PDF SHP Biography This paper and pencil questionnaire was sent to the respondents by mail and was self administered Biographical information was gathered in the following domains Living arrangements LA Periods outside of Switzerland SA Changes in civil status CS Learned professions LP Educational trajectory ED Work life WL Family events FE Retir
53. e Swiss Household Panel seehttp forscenter ch en our surveys swiss household panel documentationfag methods Individual income Table 6 3 10 List of constructed income variables of individuals Variable Gross net Description I EMPYG gross Income from employment annual amount I EMPYN net social Takes account of 13 and 14 month salary bonuses and grati security contributions de fications ducted I INDYG gross Income from self employment annual amount I INDYN net social se Takes account of 13 and 14 month salary bonuses and grati curity contributions de fications if applicable ducted I EMPMG gross Income from employment monthly amount I EMPMN net social security contributions de ducted I INDMG gross Income from self employment monthly amount I INDMN net social se curity contributions de ducted ISSOASIY State pension for old age first pillar widow er s or orphans annual amount Includes additional benefits AIY Disability pension annual amount Includes additional benefits I PENY Income from pension schemes second pillar old age pension annual amount Includes additional benefits I UNEY Income from unemployment social insurance annual amount IS WELY Income from welfare benefits social assistance annual amount IS GRAY Income from scholarships grants annual amount Income from private or public institution ISSINSY Income from any another private or public institution annua
54. e Swiss Household Panel SHP_I and the first and second SHP_II sample com bined is considered We then compare means and frequencies calculated with the value of the first year of the variable in 99 13 on the sub populations of respondents still present in the latest wave as follows R sL sh sL sL Sk SE sL hele where sL are the longitudinal respondents original sample members in 1999 for the SHP_I and 2004 for the combined panel SHP_I and SHP_II and sL are the longitudi nal respondents in year 20 Basically we test to see if samples that still respond in a later year are representative of the same individuals that responded in the first year The tests run through the most recent released version wave 15 One has to be cautious with the results presented below because a selective process may have already occurred at the first wave of data collection introducing bias This is undetectable by this method Moreover the calculations are done on the entire sample of longitudinal respondents and there are no comparisons on sub populations by sex age class nationality etc Such comparisons could reveal differences which are not observed at the aggregate level Of course the inverse is also possible The variables identified as being biased by attrition in particular variables related to lei sure and politics need to be studied with care by the researchers who use them in their analyses These
55. e fieldwork process from how the participating households are approached to the measures taken to increase response and quality control Since the beginning in 1999 the fieldwork for the Swiss Household Panel SHP is done by M I S Trend in Lausanne and Bern www mistrend ch by conducting computer assisted telephone interviews CATI in German French and Italian 3 1 Approaching the participating households The fieldwork is scheduled from September to February and starts with sending a letter to the participating households informing them of the upcoming interviews To make sure that the first personal contact by an interviewer follows shortly after the initial mail ap proximately one week later the letters are sent in three mailings with an interim of one week Enclosed with the preliminary mail participants receive a newsletter containing some results of recent analyses of the SHP data as well as an unconditional incentive for further information see 3 3 4 Households that did not respond since at least one wave are contacted at a later point in time also divided in three groups They are treated like households refusing in the cur rent wave as part of the refusal conversion procedure see also 3 3 3 3 2 Selection and training of interviewers and supervisors To guarantee a smooth functioning of the fieldwork M l S Trend employs a large group of interviewers plus specially trained supervisors Before the start of the fieldwor
56. e household questionnaire Also the variable related to re sponse status is checked Finally demographical variables are checked for consistency with earlier waves This is done for gender date of birth and civil status For other variables the general rule is not to make changes retrospectively i e when in a later wave of data collection an error is found in an earlier wave this is not corrected for the earlier wave 42 CHAPTER 6 DATA DOCUMENTATION 6 1 Data files For every wave every year a household and an individual file are released In addition to these annual files there are several other files a household master file an individual master file a calendar file a file containing information on respondents last paid jobs and a social origin file All files are available in SAS Stata and SPSS format See for a table with an overview of the different files the document Getting started with the Swiss Household Panel data downloadable from http forscenter ch en our surveys swiss household panel documentationfaq user quide pdf 6 1 1 Master files households and individuals The master files of households and of individuals include all households and individual respondents that are in the panel or have been in the panel in the past The files contain an overview of response statuses for all waves The household master file SHP_MH contains all households of both samples of the panel For every wave it is documen
57. e individual The interviewer ID is available in the interviewer files see 6 1 7 and the annual individual and household files As the composition of households can change over time their identification number is wave specific Identification numbers of parents and spouses refer to their personal ID For example to match parents and children one can attach the info of the parent to the info of the child by matching idmoth and idfath idmoth__ and idfath__ in Stata and SAS to idpers To combine information from the household reference person with the household refper needs to be matched to idpers in the individual file To add information from the partner to this file rpspou needs to be matched to idpers 76 Table 6 7 1 Identification numbers variable in files description idint P H V ID of interviewer Idpers P MP SO CA LJ BH ID of person BV Idhous P H MP MH BH ID of household Idfath MP ID of father Idmoth MP ID of mother Idspou P ID of partner Refper H MH ID of reference person in hid Rpspou H ID of partner of reference person a P individual questionnaire wave specific H household questionnaire wave specific MP master file individuals MH master file households V interviewer file SO social origin CA activity calendar LJ last job BH biographical file horizontal BV biographical file vertical gt Attention The values of the variable idint in the Interviewer data files
58. e measurement of general satisfaction with life Additionally there are different indicators that measure a wide range of domain spe cific aspects of life satisfaction Finally measures of affective well being such as positive and negative affect are available Below our indicators of SWB are listed 1 A general measure of SWB which reflects the satisfaction with life in general Table 6 4 1 Satisfaction with life in general Variable Label Available in waves P C44 Satisfaction with life in general wo2 W15 In addition four items from the life satisfaction scale from Diener et al 1985 was in cluded in 2012 wave 14 2 For an exact wording of the questions presented in this section we refer to http forscenter ch fr our surveys swiss household panel documentationfag questionnaires pdf 68 Table 6 4 2 Four life satisfaction items Variables Label Available in waves P C100 LS Life close to ideal W14 P C101 LS Excellent life conditions W14 P C102 LS Having gotten important things W14 P C103 LS Not changing anything W14 In wave 14 the psychometric properties of the Life satisfaction items combination of the items in table 6 4 1 and the one in table 6 4 2 Cronbach s alpha 0 82 2 A general measure of life satisfaction concerning health Table 6 4 3 Satisfaction with health Variable Label Available in waves P C02 Satisfaction with health status W01 W15 3 Five items assess the satisfaction with t
59. ed a new system of modularization of the individual question naire similar to other panels such as the GSOEP BHPS and HILDA The SHP now con tains three different types of questions 1 questions asked only once usually in the first interview 2 questions asked each wave and 3 questions asked regularly but not each year The latter are arranged in different modules i e social network political behaviour and values social participation psychological scales religion and lei sure and culture For 2013 the module social network was evaluated and revised Hence this new module is available for wave 15 see also 2 4 3 The rotation calendar is the following Tab 2 3 Rotation calendar of the SHP modules from 2010 to 2020 Module 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Social network X X x x Religion x x x Social participa X x x X tion Political behav X x x X iour and values Leisure and cul X X x X ture Psychological x x x scales X Administration of the module 17 2 4 3 Revised modules and new variables in Wave 15 New variables in the household questionnaire In wave 15 the survey included new questions concerning renovation of the respondent s accommodation These questions mainly focus on the type of renovation that has been done and its costs financial burden for the household Additionally the questions on deprivation a list of things the ho
60. ed the same questions in the calendar with slightly adapted response categories compared to earlier waves Up to wave 5 it is possible to distinguish between large and small part time jobs From wave 6 onwards this distinction is no longer made but separate response categories for self employed respondents and employees are introduced instead Because the calendar file contains information from all waves some detail present in the separate waves has been lost The calendar file does not include a distinction between small and large part time jobs nor does it have a distinction between self employed indi viduals and employees Users of the data interested in analysing these distinctions are advised to use the calendar questions in the personal files of the appropriate waves In the calendar file the following codes are used 1 Employed full time 2 Employed part time 3 Unemployed 4 Inactive 5 Unemployed or inactive relevant for inactive respondents in W2 and W3 only Table 6 1 1 shows the different versions of the calendar questions in the individual inter views and the corresponding codes in the calendar file 45 Table 6 1 1 Questions in the personal questionnaire related to the activity calendar and the corresponding codes in the calendar file W2 and W3 W4 and W5 W6 to present Original question Cal Original question Cal Original question Cal Original question Calen Employed respondents endar Inactive respondents endar e
61. el Available in waves Are you often P C18 full of strength energy and optimism W02 W15 Additionally since 2006 the frequency of four of the most important emotional traits is considered Scherer Wranik Sangsue Tran and Scherer 2004 70 Table 6 4 12 Positive and negative affects Variable Label Available in waves How frequently do you generally expe rience the following emotions P C47 joy Wo8 W15 P C48 anger W08 W15 P C49 sadness W08 W15 P C50 WOITY W08 W15 Psychometric properties of the six items emotional dimension Cronbach s alpha 0 75 6 4 2 Personality traits Big Five Inventory 10 BFI 10 This ten item scale is designed to provide information about the differences between in dividuals on five principal personality dimensions Extraversion Neuroticism Agreeable ness Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience Each item goes from zero dis agree strongly to ten agree strongly and measure how an individual positions himself relative to a list of ten statements This scale developed by Rammstedt and John 2007 is an abbreviated version of the 44 items Big Five Inventory BFI 44 The Big Five Inventory includes two items per per sonality trait Commonly a trait is defined as temporally stable heritable or at least in part and considered as universal Rammstedt and John 2007 have assessed the psy chometric properties of this short scale For
62. ement RE SEND In order to assess the potentially negative impact of the self administered biographical questionnaire on the participation in subsequent waves of the yearly CATI a test sur vey was conducted in 2001 The results showed that the drop out rates did not increase substantially as a result of the questionnaire sent in between two waves Scherpenzeel et al 2002 Consequently the main survey was carried out in 2002 with those partici pants that had not been part of the test survey The paper and pencil questionnaire is not available in English but only in the interview languages German French and Italian 49 SHP_I biographical data are available for 5 560 individuals with the 2001 and 2002 sur veys combined Therefore some variables only exist for one of the survey years e g education history only for 2002 or only in an aggregated form e g living arrangement for 2001 The overall participation rate was 53 but over 80 among fully longitudinal panel survey respondents years 1999 2004 participated in the biography survey Budowski and Wernli 2004 The Biographical files include a two horizontal files with lines representing individuals Biography Master File SHPO_MBI and Biography Data File SHPO_BH_USER and b vertical files for each of the eight domains with lines representing events and not individuals if appropriate SHPO_BV amp amp USER SHPO_MBI The Biograph
63. en into account in this schema For example a par ticular employee could be classified as being part of the intellectual professions based on her degree of managerial responsibility without necessarily having a university edu cation E Treiman s Prestige Scale Treiman proposes a very general stratification model for modern complex societies based on occupational prestige ratings that are supposedly independent of locality and invariant to national social and cultural settings His work in this area culminates in the construction and validation of the Standard International Occupational Prestige Scale Using the four nested levels of the International Standard Classification of Occupations ISCO Treiman s occupational prestige scores for each occupation within an ISCO lev el are averaged to produce a score for occupational groups as summarized by ISCO The subjectively attributed prestige of a specific occupation is a linked to the privilege and power which individuals enjoy based on their occupational titles b invariant across social and cultural groupings and c similar across all complex modern societies The Treiman Prestige Scale differs from Wright and Goldthorpe s class schema not only in that it measures subjectively attributed prestige as an indicator of access to structural and functional power but also because it explicitly models a prestige hierarchy The prestige scores range between 0 lowest prestige and 100 hi
64. ent social conditions related to health be haviour and outcomes What are the consequences of worsening living condi tions on health What impact does ill health have on living conditions employ ment and quality of life later in time e Emotional trait stability over time How do changes in living conditions and or health affect negative anxiety irritation depressions and positive emotional states joy hope optimism Does a negative emotional state cause illness and low life satisfaction Evidence based answers to these and other questions are highly valuable for the formu lation and implementation of new policies since they facilitate evidence based political decision making The release of each consecutive wave of SHP data and the synergies between researchers working with the data make the SHP data increasingly rich lead ing to a steadily increasing number of scientific publications All SHP data users are contractually required to report back any publication based on the SHP data be it journal articles books working papers etc but also unpublished work such as diploma or doctoral theses or seminar work Figure 2 shows the evolution of the number of publications by type since 1999 Figure 2 Evolution of publications by types since 1999 100 90 80 70 60 OThesis Master PhD OReport and Working Paper 50 Book Chapters 0 40 Journal Articles 30 20 10 0 amp PP a o
65. entive is sent to the respondents with the preliminary letter asking the household to participate in the new wave of the SHP The additional incentive for complete households was given to the participants at the end of the fieldwork 3 3 3 Refusal conversion Households that have not participated in the survey for at least one year have been re approached progressively These households are sent a preliminary letter with the re quest to take part in the next wave of data collection Only the most successful and spe cially trained interviewers are selected to contact these households Also households and individuals who refuse participation in the current wave are re contacted at a later point by refusal conversion trained interviewers 23 The refusal conversion rate calculated as the percentage of completed individual inter views of all eligible individuals who refused previously amounts to about 45 Lipps 2011 3 3 4 Contacting respondents To avoid household drop out of the panel because of unsuccessful tracing due to mov ing changed phone numbers household splits etc several measures ensure that con tact can be re established with the respondents in later waves First the participating households are informed annually by means of a newsletter en closed with the advance letter at the start of each fieldwork phase In 2009 the SHP started the use of tailored leaflets designed for specific groups of households families wit
66. er persons in house hold civil status number of persons and children in household Relationship to other persons in house hold civil status number of persons and children in household Relationship to other persons in house hold civil status number of persons and children in household Table 6 3 2 Constructed household composition variables in household file Variable name Description Information used for construction MAXCOH Maximum duration of existence of NBADUL NBKID AOLDKI AYOUKI ADUK1_ ADUK2_ NBB_ household in years Number of adults in hld gt 18 Number of children in hid 0 17 Age of oldest coresident child max 17 Age of youngest coresident child max 17 Number of adult children in hld gt 18 amp lt 30 Number of adult children in hid gt 30 New born baby birth between two consecu tive grid interviews or within last 12 months if no previous year grid interview Longest time of two members living together in years information from grid Information from grid Information from grid Information from grid Information from grid Information from grid and individual questionnaire Information from grid and individual questionnaire Information from household and indi vidual master file 54 Table 6 3 3 Constructed socio demographic variables in individual files Variable Description Information used for construction name ee AGE Age i
67. erland LU UR SZ OW 7 20 8 75 9 53 NW ZG Ticino Tl 4 47 4 33 4 25 Total 100 100 100 See Appendix A for a list of cantons and their abbreviations The size of the strata at the moment of the selection for SHP_I SHP_II and SHP_III were as follows 12 Table 2 2 Sizes of strata at the moment of selection number of households for SHP_I and SHP_II and numbers of individuals for SHP_IIl Strata Cantons SHP_I N SHP_II N SHP_II N households households Individuals Lake Geneva region VD VS GE 714725 648 590 1519189 Mittelland BE FR SO NE 837452 784266 1788791 JU North west Switzerland BS BL AG 484 667 455 833 1 091 302 Zurich ZH 646 469 587 850 1408575 Eastern Switzerland GL SH AR Al 531731 493606 1 123 672 SG GR TG Central Switzerland LU UR SZ OW 313548 306605 765879 NW ZG Ticino Tl 180 623 160 123 341 652 Total 3 709 215 3 436 873 8 039 060 2 2 3 Coverage Because of the different sampling frames the population of reference differs slightly ac cording to the sample For the SHP_I and the SHP_II the population of reference con sists of all individuals living in private households in Switzerland who had a telephone connection registered in the telephone directory landline or mobile In case of the SHP_III the sampling frame includes all individuals living in private households in Swit zerland independent of the availability of a telephone connection For all three s
68. f fields and a variety of topics This makes the SHP a valuable source of information for studies in different disciplines and also allows for cross domain analyses To keep up with changes in the field the SHP occasionally modifies the questionnaire as well as adds new constructed variables to the dataset Periodically modules of questions are evaluated and if needed revised following feedback from experts in the field A major criterion for any changes to the questionnaire is that it should not compromise compara bility of the data over time A second strong feature of the SHP is that all members of the households in the panel aged 14 years and over are interviewed This allows for intra household studies such as the study of mutual influence of household members atti tudes and behaviour over time 1 2 Institutional Setting To date the SHP has experienced three main periods In its first phase 1998 2003 when it was created by the Swiss Priority Program Switzerland Towards the Future the SHP was a joint project run by the Swiss National Science Foundation the Swiss Federal Statistical Office and the University of Neuchatel At the end of the SPP Swit zerland Towards the Future the SHP entered its second phase 2004 2007 Still locat ed at the University of Neuchatel the SHP developed a joint venture project Living in Switzerland 2020 aimed at conducting the Statistics of Income and Living Conditions SILC pilot stu
69. g and end of a list may be more likely to be recalled and therefore perhaps selected more often When no visual aids are pre sented and when the list is long memory effects may be important Schuman and Presser 1981 20 The number production scales do not consist of lists of alternatives Instead only the first and end point are read aloud and respondents are asked to produce a response al ternative themselves Since CATI is exclusively oral verbal category scales are likely to suffer from the response order biases Therefore number production scales are more appropriate in CATI 2 4 7 The biographical questionnaire SHP_IIl Wave 1 The questionnaires used in the first wave of the SHP_III differed from the SHP_I and SHP_II The aim of the first wave of the SHP_III was to collect retrospective individual biographical data For this purpose respondents in the SHP_III sample completed in addition to the regular grid and household questionnaire a life calendar The SHP_III life calendar is presented as a two way grid with the temporal dimension in years in rows and various domains of life in columns Respondents were asked to report events for each domain of life in this grid This questionnaire has been developed in collaboration with the NCCR LIVES The grid provides a visual structure which enhances several aspects of memory retriev ing Caspi et al 1996 The SHP_III participants can visualize their life trajectories in all domains
70. gathered from the interviewers who conducted the SHP interviews by means of paper and pencil questionnaires In all waves except wave 1 3 w amp amp stands for the domain m The information of these respondents was of poor quality or information needed to construct weights was lacking 50 and 4 the interviewers answered a short questionnaire The questionnaires measure a number of interviewer characteristics demographic traits such as sex age language and education but also characteristics such as the attitude of the interviewers towards this type of study and towards sensitive questions The content of the questionnaires varies somewhat over time following changing SHP research interests Attention The values of the variable idint in the Interviewer data files have been coded in order to protect the identity of the Interviewers Consequently the merging of the Interviewer data with the Household and Individual level files is only possible after de coding Please contact Oliver Lipps for more details oliver lipps fors unil ch Note further that in 2008 Wave 9 the interviewer ID changed Because three digits to identify interviewers were not enough all interviewers located in the Lausanne studio were added a value of 10 000 and all interviewers located in the Bern studio were added a value of 50 000 This is important for longitudinal interviewer analyses 6 2 Variable naming conventions The variable names are cohere
71. ge plus c est pareil Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 21 8 842 849 Treiman D J 1977 Occupational prestige in comparative perspective New York Academic Press 84 Van Doorn L Saris W E and Lodge M 1983 Discrete or continuous measurement What difference does it make Kwantitatieve Methoden 10 104 120 Voorpostel M 2009 Attrition in the Swiss Household Panel by demographic character istics and levels of social involvement SHP Working Paper 1 09 Lausanne Swiss Household Panel Voorpostel M 2010 Attrition patterns in the Swiss Household Panel An analysis of demographic characteristics and social involvement Swiss Journal of Sociology 36 2 359 377 Watson D Clark L A and Tellegen A 1988 Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect The PANAS scales Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54 6 1063 1070 Weaver B 2010 Attrition and Bias in the Personal Files of the Swiss Household Pan el SHP Working Paper 1 10 Lausanne Swiss Household Panel 85 Appendix A List of cantons in Switzerland Aargau Appenzell Ausserrhoden Appenzell Innerrrhoden Basel Stadt Basel Landschaft Bern Fribourg Geneva Glarus Graub nden Jura Lucerne Neuchatel Nidwalden Obwalden Schaffhausen Schwyz Solothurn St Gallen Thurgau Ticino Uri Valais Vaud Zug Zurich 86 AppendixB Participation in
72. ghest prestige Treiman 1977 F The Cambridge Social Interaction and Stratification Scale CAMSIS The Cambridge Social Interaction and Stratification Scale CAMSIS is based on the idea that social structure can be expressed by the social distance between individuals for instance through the co occurrence of occupations that individuals hold and the rela tionships that they form with each other Persons sharing a similar social position in terms of social class or status group membership are more likely to socially interact in 61 an equal way with members of the same group than with members of other groups So acquaintances friends and marriage partners will all tend to be chosen much more fre quently from within the same group than from without 19 CAMSIS has been developed initially from friendship networks and subsequently from cohabiting couples Stewart Prandy and Blackburn 1980 For Switzerland the Popula tion Census of 1990 was used to examine the probability of co occurrence of occupa tional titles between cohabiting couples In the simplest model the distances between occupations of couples are calculated on the basis of the contribution of the cell toward the x of a contingency table The x con tribution for each cell is entered into a traditional correspondence analysis which repre sents the best possible solution in a two dimensional space The first dimension repre sents the combination of occupations am
73. ginificant Carmers V p 45 4 Difference between always participating and dropped out is not significant Cramers V p 43 3 Difference between always and irregularly participating is not significant Cramers V p 29 91 Table 2 Demographic characteristics and social involvement attitudes and behaviour by response pattern SHP II 2004 2013 Always Responding Dropped out responding irregularly n 1372 n 1441 n 1968 ZZ ZZ oo I U Sex men 44 2 47 5 47 9 women 55 8 52 5 52 1 Age 14 to 19 17 3 22 9 18 1 20 to 29 9 8 11 3 18 4 30 to 39 19 5 18 0 17 1 40 to 49 21 6 18 5 18 1 50 to 59 14 4 14 2 12 3 60 17 3 15 1 15 9 Education compulsory school 22 8 32 2 29 6 upper secondary level vocational 35 8 37 7 37 2 upper secondary level matura 10 4 8 1 10 2 tertiary level vocational 17 3 13 1 13 5 tertiary level university 13 7 9 0 9 5 Swiss nationality 92 2 90 9 85 1 Region Lake Geneva 17 0 17 1 19 8 Middleland 26 7 24 4 23 1 North west Switzerland 14 4 12 8 13 4 Zurich 18 8 17 5 18 7 East Switzerland 11 9 13 0 13 5 Central Switzerland 8 6 11 0 8 5 Ticino 2 6 4 1 3 0 Urbanization highly and moderately urbanized centres 63 0 62 6 63 7 small urban centres 9 5 10 0 9 9 communes of urbanized centres 10 9 10 1 9 3 communes of small urban centres 7 7 6 7 6 5 communes remote from urbanized centres 8 9 10 5 10 7 Civil sta
74. group 1 in ISCO 88 2 digit sub major group 10 in ISCO 88 3 digit minor group and 100 in ISCO 88 4 digit unit group Under the heading DATA Support Download data File is OCCUPATION_Excel_File xls 15 Please note that the Oesch Class Schema is not included in the dataset as a variable Rather the com mands in SPSS in SAS and in STATA are provided for users to construct the variable See http forscenter ch en our surveys swiss household panel datasupport 2 syntaxes 2 diverses 56 Table 6 3 5 Variables used to construct classifications for respondent s current occupation Variable profession education Hierarchical Number of status gender name and level man employ self sectors agement ees of employed supervision self employee production employed etc WRIGHT3 WR3MAJ IS4MAJ EDUCAT P W34 P W31 P W29 GOLDTHORP GLDMAJ IS4MAJ P W34 P W31 P W29 E ESeC ESECMJ IS3MAJ P W34 P W31 P W29 CSP CSPMAJ P W28 EDUCAT P W34 P W31 P W29 TREIMAN TR1IMAJ IS4MAJ P W34 P W31 P W29 CAMSIS CAIMAJ P W28 SEX OESCH OESCH IS4MAJ EDUCAT P W31 NOGA2M Table 6 3 6 Variables used to construct classifications for respondent s last occupation Variable Profession education Hierarchical Number of status gender name and sectors level man employ self agement ees of employed supervision self employee production employed etc WRIGHT3 WR3LAJ ISALAJ EDUCAT P W117 P W114 P W112 GOL
75. gy used in the SHP is the Generalized Weight Share Method GWSM of Lavall e 2007 The GWSM produces an estimation weight for each unit surveyed in the target popula tion U cohabitants This estimation weight corresponds to the average of the sampling weights of the population U original sample members from which the sample is se lected We calculate the weight wik for each non original sample member as follows ME gt w ik k 1 M2 B Ir k 1 Wi where the numerator represents the sum of the initial weights w for all original sample members k in each household and the denominator is the total number of links for that household with the population of reference U that is the number of original sample members in each household Combination of multiple panels Because we have multiple panels we have to consider the way the panels are combined in order to enable valuable cross sectional estimations The combination of the panels is performed using the method of Merkouris 2001 His method consists of allocating each unit a factor p 0 lt p lt 1 when the unit is part of the I sample The combination of the the panels occurs at the level of the seven re gions and is a so called convex combination as the allocation factor defines the rela tive importance of the samples according to their size pate where nj is the number of responding units from the I panel and L is the n l 1 number of panels
76. h children couples without children people living alone and people of 65 years and older The leaflets treat topics that inform targeted households about study results that are of interest to them The newsletters can be viewed here http forscenter ch en our surveys swiss household panel information for participating households newsletters study living switzerland Second respondents are asked to leave their mobile number and or their e mail ad dress If respondents are not willing to give this information or do not have a mobile number or e mail address they are asked to leave the address of an auxiliary e g a family member living outside of the household or a close friend who can help in case of losing track of the respondent Third households are called on different days of the week and on different times during the day in order to minimize noncontact And fourth a bilingual interviewer responsible for administration and tracking of the addresses is briefed on how to find relocated re spondents The following measures are taken by this interviewer in case the advance letter is returned to sender e Checking whether phone number is still valid e Contacting mobile phone e mail address or auxiliary e Searching directories and the local inhabitant register e Request the dcl data care a service of the Swiss post mandated to seek cur rently valid household addresses and the corresponding phone numbers e f no phone number can be fou
77. h way housework is shared W01 W15 P QL04 Satisfaction with personal relationships wo3 W15 7 Two items measure the satisfaction with leisure time Table 6 4 8 Satisfaction with leisure Variable Label Available in waves P A05 Satisfaction with free time W01 W15 P A06 Satisfaction with leisure activities W01 W15 8 One item takes account of the satisfaction with the political system and particularly the perception of democracy Table 6 4 9 Satisfaction with democracy Variable Label Available in waves P P02 Satisfaction with democracy W01 W11 W13 The second dimension of SWB the affective dimension is also present in the SHP Generally affective traits are conceptualized as two dimensions of mood Watson Clark and Tellegen 1988 positive affect PA which groups together emotions such as joy hope and optimism and negative affect NA which groups together a set of negative emotions such as anxiety irritation and depression Scherer Wranik Sangsue Tran and Scherer 2004 The SHP contains one item assessing a very general negative emotional state Table 6 4 10 Negative feelings Variable Label Available in waves Do you often have negative feelings P C17 depression blues anxiety W01 W15 The construct of positive feelings is measured with an item which assesses a feeling of energy and strength as well as general expectancies concerning future events Table 6 4 11 Positive feelings Variable Lab
78. have been coded in order to protect the identity of the Interviewers Consequently the merging of the Interviewer data with the Household and Individual level files is only possible after de coding Please contact Oliver Lipps for more details oliver lipps fors unil ch On http forscenter ch en our surveys swiss household panel datasupport 2 syntaxes 2 there are examples of programming in SAS SPSS and Stata of how to combine different files such as matching respondents across waves matching respondents to house holds matching couples etc 6 8 Changing the language of the variable and value labels Variables and values labels are available for each data file in French German Italian and English The files containing the syntax are Variable_labels_SHP_ WAVE QUEST LANGUAGES txt Value_labels SHP_ WAVE QUEST LANGUAGES txt WAVES is to be replaced by W1 Wave 1 W2 Wave 2 W3 Wave 3 W4 Wave 4 W5 Wave 5 W6 Wave 6 W7 Wave 7 W8 Wave 8 W9 Wave 9 W10 Wave 10 77 W11 Wave 11 W12 Wave 12 W13 Wave 13 W14 Wave 14 W15 Wave 15 WA Waves ALL modules CA LJ MP MH OS QUESTS is to be replaced by P Individual H Household X Proxy CA Activities calendar LJ Last Job MP Individual Masterfile MH Household Masterfile OS Social Origin LANGUAGES is to be replaced by E English F Frangais D Deutch Italiano For SPSS labels To label a SPSS da
79. he constructions above These weights should be used when looking for population totals The second is to maintain the sample size That is to say that the weighted sum of sample members is equal to the un weighted sum These weights should be used when running regressions particularly logistic regressions These weights differ by multiplication of a constant factor only Table 5 6 gives a list of the names of all the weight variables as they appear in the data sets Furthermore it de scribes their primary use One should note that resident refers to the non institutionalized population residing in Switzerland 39 Table 5 6 List of weights contained in the dataset variable names and description Types of weights Variable name Description Longitudinal weights SHP_I individuals wp LP1P Weights for longitudinal adults expanded to the resi dent Swiss population of 1999 wp LP1S Weights expanded to the sample size of longitudinal adults in the first panel SHP_I and SHP_II combined wp L1P Weights for longitudinal adults expanded to the resi Individuals dent Swiss population of 2004 wp L1S Weights expanded to the sample size of longitudinal adults in the combined panels Cross sectional weights SHP_I and SHP_II combined wp T1P Weights expanded to the resident Swiss population individuals of current year wp T1S Weights expanded to the sample size of the com bined panels SHP_Ill wp T3P Weights expanded to the resident Swiss po
80. he educational environment and its quality Table 6 4 4 Satisfaction with the educational environment Variable Label Available in waves P YTH01 Satisfaction with current studies W03 W15 P YTHO5 Satisfaction with things learned during studies Wo3 W15 P YTHO6 Satisfaction with relationship with the teaching staff WO3 W15 P YTHO7 Satisfaction with the atmosphere with fellow pu W03 W15 pils students P YTHO8 Satisfaction with the support from parents W03 W15 4 Two items assess satisfaction with the overall financial situation Table 6 4 5 Satisfaction with financial situation Variable Label P W92 Satisfaction with income W01 W 14 P 101 Satisfaction with financial situation W01 W 14 5 Satisfaction with working conditions is measured with five items Table 6 4 6 Satisfaction with working condition Variable Label Available in waves P W93 Satisfaction with working conditions W01 W15 P W94 Satisfaction with working atmosphere W01 W15 P W229 n with the level of interest in W01 W15 P W230 Satisfaction with the amount of work W01 W15 P W228 Satisfaction with job in general W01 W15 69 6 Four items assess the perception of the social environment of the individual Table 6 4 7 Satisfaction with living arrangements and personal relationships Variable Label Available in waves P F01 Satisfaction with living alone W01 W15 P F02 Satisfaction with living together W01 W15 P F04 Satisfaction wit
81. he last 12 months if the person has not answered the individual questionnaire in the preceding wave the period between the individual interview in wave x 1 and the individual inter view in wave x if the person has answered the individual interview both in wave x and in the preceding wave The activity calendar is empty for waves in which a respondent did not answer the indi vidual questionnaire The variable names in the calendar file are as follows JAN activity status in January in the year FEB activity status in February in the year MAR activity status in March in the year etc The calendar questions in the questionnaire have changed twice over the course of the years Three periods can be distinguished wave 2 and 3 wave 4 and 5 and wave 6 and thereafter For all waves however the professional status at the time of the survey is determined by the variables P W01 to P WOS to distinguish between in paid employment or not P W39 and P W42 to distinguish between fulltime and part time employ ment P WO6 to distinguish between unemployment and inactivity The respondents who did not work during the week preceding the survey or did not have a job are asked the following question variable P W154 You are not currently in paid employment However since month year have you had a paid job also be it casual or on an irregular basis Respondents who worked at the time of the survey were aske
82. hecks and corrections 44444ssn nn ennnnnn nn 41 CHAPTER 6 DATA DOCUMENTATION c cceececeeceeeeceeceeeeeeeseneeeeseneesessueaeeesnnees 43 TAMD EE e AEE in nl T 43 6 1 1 Master files households and individuals u024444ensnnnenennnnnnn 43 6 1 2 Annual files households and individuals ccccceeeseeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesees 43 6 1 3 Galendar file Ae a ren eG ned a et 44 0 1 4 Last job fileira naa nn 47 6 1 5 Social origin file 22224400nnnnnnnnnnnsnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnrnnnnnnnn 47 6 1 6 Biographical fle S riie kaka ananena ka aiaei ieina aAa aa aa aa eena 48 6 1 6a Biographical files SHP_II 2404ssnnnnsnnnnnnanennsnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nn 48 6 1 6b Biographical files 2001 2002 2244400nnsnnnnnnnnennnnnnnennennnnnannnnnnnnnnn 49 6 1 7 Interviewer files an ren ee ea genen 50 6 2 Variable naming CONVENTIONS 2444444snnnnnnnnnnnannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnenonnnnnnnnnnnn 51 6 3 Constructed variables cccccccceeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeaeeeeeeesecceeeeeeeesenseaeeseeetseesaes 53 6 3 1 Socio demographic variables ccccccceceeeeeeeeeeceeeeceeneeeeeeeeseeeeneeeeeeeeeesnaeees 53 6 3 2 Education ne en ot te ee AA oleae 55 6 3 3 Work status occupation and social position 424444snsnnnnnnennnneenenn 55 6 3 4 Professional integration PA
83. hted data For the complete study we refer to the SHP Working Paper 1 09 Voorpostel 2009 on the website http forscenter ch en our surveys swiss household panel and Voorpostel 2010 A comparable study on attrition in relation to income can be found here as well 31 Kuhn 2009 We also refer to other studies on attrition in the SHP Lipps 2007 including a comparison to attrition in other panel studies Lipps 2009 Effects of attrition on variables of interest This is an overview of the results and methods of analysis to study the effect of attrition on a large number of variables for a detailed description see Weaver 2010 The goal is to describe the consequences in terms of bias caused by the continuing and selective loss of individual participants to the survey over the course of time One statistical solu tion to attrition is the use of weights Weights attempt to correct non response at all lev els personal household and grid As we will see some variables in the SHP are affect ed by attrition and we can verify an appearance of bias in the statistics The weights of ten correct for attrition and therefore compensate for the bias but sometimes the bias persists even after weighting or in rare cases is a result of weighting itself In order to identify the variables touched by attrition we examine all variables that were included in the latest wave and in the previous waves Attrition from both the first sample of th
84. iables and by t tests for the continuous variables and the variables measured on an 11 point scale Table 1 Demographic characteristics and social involvement attitudes and behaviour by response pattern SHP I 1999 2013 Always Irregularly Dropped out responding responding n 2550 n 3176 n 5140 Sex men 42 4 46 9 47 5 women 57 6 53 1 52 5 Age 14 to 19 23 9 24 8 21 6 20 to 29 11 2 13 7 19 3 30 to 39 22 2 19 4 19 2 40 to 49 17 1 18 2 16 2 50 to 59 14 6 13 6 10 5 60 11 1 10 3 13 3 Education compulsory school 32 2 35 9 35 2 upper secondary level vocational 32 8 36 3 37 4 upper secondary level matura 10 0 9 1 10 2 tertiary level vocational 12 0 10 3 8 8 tertiary level university 13 0 8 5 8 4 Swiss nationality 94 1 92 7 87 7 Region Lake Geneva 17 0 17 8 17 7 Middleland 27 0 25 5 24 6 North west Switzerland 15 0 14 8 13 8 Zurich 17 2 15 4 16 5 East Switzerland 10 0 13 3 14 5 a Following a matching procedure with the Swiss National Cohort a database containing all residents in Swit zerland matched with the mortality register see Spoerri et al 2010 we were able to identify additional de ceased respondents who until now were erroneously included in the dropped out group In wave 15 of the SHP_I sample 331sample members were identified as deceased and 161 sample members as having left the country For the SHP_II the numbers were 107 and 67
85. iables of other household panels see the CNEF homepage http cnef ehe osu edu Original responses on the questionnaire are available from the SHP team upon request email to ursina kuhn fors unil ch Simulated taxes The variable IS HTAX simulates the direct taxes paid by the household at the municipal cantonal and federal level To assign the percentage of the household income which has to be paid as taxes we use tax levels in municipalities published by the Swiss Federal Tax administration and take account of household specific deductions that can be ap plied to the income Taxes are calculated at the level of tax units individuals or married couples and then aggregated to the household level The detailed procedures to simu 66 late taxes are described in SHP working paper 4_09 Tax simulation in the SHP http aresoas unil ch workingpapers WP4_09 pdf 6 3 6 Geographical information In addition to the region REGION 7 regions and the canton CANTON 26 can tons in which the household resides two community typologies are constructed This variable is based on the political municipality codes provided by the Swiss Federal Sta tistical Office see Schuler Dessemontet and Joye 2005 116f and recoded into 22 codes based on the municipality in which the household is located communes or Ge meinden An aggregated version of this variable in 9 categories is provided as well Ta ble 6 3 13 provides the
86. ical questionnaire see 2 4 7 The biographical questionnaire SHP_III Wave 1 16 such as the assessment of social capital by means of evaluation of potential practical help and emotional support from various social networks 8 politics and values referring to objective elements such as political participation membership party identification political positioning and subjective elements such as satisfaction with the political system the evaluation of issues or even political values and finally 9 leisure and media comprising objective elements such as leisure activities and the use of the media as well as subjective elements such as satisfaction with leisure and free time 10 psychological scales in 2009 six items were added measuring two dimensions of self perception self mastery and self esteem as well as the Big Five personality traits measured by means of a 10 item short scale see also section 6 4 Since the second wave the questionnaire also includes a life events module and an occupational calendar module covering the 12 months prior to the interview More information on the content of the questionnaires is available here http forscenter ch en our surveys swiss household panel documentationfaq questionnaires And here as pdf http forscenter ch en our surveys swiss household panel documentationfag questionnaires pdf 2 4 2 Modular design In 2009 the SHP introduc
87. iener E 2000 Subjective well being American Psychologist 55 1 34 43 Diener E Emmons R A Larsen R J amp Griffin S 1985 The satisfaction with life scale Journal of personality assessment 49 1 71 75 Diener E Suh M E Lucas R E and Smith H L 1999 Subjective well being Three decades of progress Psychogical Bulletin 125 2 276 302 Eisenstadt S 1990 Kultur und Sozialstruktur in der neueren soziologischen Analyse In H Haferkamp Ed Sozialstruktur und Kultur pp 7 20 Frankfurt am Main Suhr kamp Eurostat 2003 ECHP UDB description of variables Data Dictionnary codebook and differences between countries and waves Eurostat http circa europa eu Public irc dsis echpanel library l user_db pan166200312pdf EN 1 0 anda d Farago P 1996 Gesellschaftliche dauerbeobachtung im SP Zukunft Schweiz Demain la Suisse Swiss Priority Programme Switzerland towards the future Bern Swiss Na tional Science Foundation Frick J R Jenkins S P Lillard D R Lipps O and Wooden M 2007 The Cross National Equivalent File CNEF and its Member Country Household Panel Studies Schmollers Jahrbuch 127 627 654 Freedman D Thornton A Camburn D Alwin D amp Young DeMarco L 1988 The life history calendar A technique for collecting retrospective data Sociological method ology 18 1 37 68 Ganzeboom H B G and Treiman D J 2003 Three Inte
88. ies W14 P12C128 Important things in life travelling W14 Psychometric properties of the Important things dimension Cronbach s alpha 0 63 6 4 6 Gender role attitudes A number of items measure gender role attitudes and perceived equality between men and women Both direct and indirect measures of attitudes are present in the SHP with measures at the individual and at the intergroup level 1 One item assesses the attitude toward traditional gender roles legitimacy in society Table 5 4 18 Opinion on family Variable Label Available in waves P D92 Opinion on family child suffers with working mother Wo4 W 13 2 One item takes into account if an individual perceives work as a possibility to remain independent Table 5 4 19 Opinion on family Variable Label Available in waves P D91 Job preserves independence Wo4 W 13 74 3 Additionally the data include an item measured annually from 2002 till 2005 on how individuals perceive childbearing within cohabitation Table 5 4 20 Opinion on family Variable Label Available in waves P D93 A child develops equally well whether his her parents are mar W 04 W 07 ried or not 4 Two items are adapted from Roux 1999 These items measure the perception of in equality at two levels at the individual level which concerns the private sphere and at the intergroup level concerning society at large This scale is important because it allows making a distinction between two kin
89. ights evidently only at the individual level l e wp13T3P and wp13T3S are the pseudo longitudinal weights for the third panel and wp13TP and wp13TS are the pseudo longitudinal weights for the combined panel SHP_I Il and Ill Note also that due to the fact that the questionnaires used in the first wave of the SHP_III differed from the SHP_I and SHP_II individual questionnaire vs biographical questionnaire the combined SHP_I II and III individual weights can only be used at the grid level For this reason they are delivered on demand only It is also important to keep in mind that the household weights can be used in two differ ent manners First they can be used for analyses on the household level using the 40 household files An extrapolation thus makes reference to the total number of house holds in a given year If one constructs a dataset containing both individual and house hold level data one should pay attention to the fact that each household weight needs to be divided by the number of individuals of the respective household in order to get valu able results at the household level The reason for this correction is that by merging the individual files and the household files each individual receives the household weight The weight of each household is thus multiplied by the number of household members An extrapolation to the household totals would in this case represent the number of indi viduals instead
90. in have been collect ed The questions corresponding to the variables P 060 to P 065 have only been asked in the first wave 1999 47 P 060 At age 15 Work in private households Employer Father P 061 At age 15 Public Company status Father P 062 At age 15 Work in private households Employer mother P 063 At age 15 Public Company status Mother P 064 At age 15 Work in private households Employer Other person P 065 At age 15 Public Company status Other person Therefore valid values are only available for the persons interviewed for the first time in wave 1 For all the others theses values are labelled missing The questions regarding the parents political orientation are asked since wave 4 2002 P P46 Political position Left Right Father P P47 Political position Left Right Mother In wave 4 every person responding to the individual questionnaire was asked these two questions in order to obtain this information also from persons having already been in terviewed in previous waves in which the questions were not asked Since wave 5 these two questions are part of the social origin module and are addressed only to persons who are interviewed for the first time Consequently the information is missing for per sons who answered the social origin module before wave 4 and who did not participate in wave 4 6 1 6 Biographical files Two sets of biographical data files are available to the SHP use
91. in the analysis of attrition is selection bias because selection bias results in a distortion of the estimation results due to non random patterns of attrition To guarantee the quality of the data it is important to closely monitor the impact of attrition on the rep resentativeness of the longitudinal sample and how this might impact variables of inter est and research findings The common distinction made in the literature on nonresponse and attrition is between attrition that is completely at random attrition that is selective on variables unobserved in the data and attrition that is selective on variables observed in the data Alderman et al 2001 In the analyses presented in this section we will consider attrition on observed variables This kind of attrition may introduce bias in the estimates of interest but this bias is amenable to statistical solutions Two analyses are performed on the impact of attrition in the SHP on an annual basis one focusing on group representativeness the other on potential bias in variables of interest We refer to Appendix C for a general impression of how respondents with various re sponse patterns differ from each other on demographic characteristics and several measures of social involvement A comparison is made between respondents who are in the panel every wave respondents with an irregular response pattern and respondents who have dropped out of the panel Note that calculations are based on unweig
92. ing rules apply a b c Owners Employers self employed and at least 10 employees Petty bourgeoisie self employed and less than 10 employees Managers Experts professional leading or supervisory role as well as an ad vanced educational attainment Managers salaried with supervisory position and not yet classified in any of the above categories Professionals salaried with advanced educational attainment but without su pervisory functions Semi Professionals salaried with either advanced or middling educational at tainment and with middling professional requirements Worker other workers B Erikson Goldthorpe and Portocarero s Comparative Analysis of Social Mobility in In dustrial Nations schema CASMIN 16 This recodification differs slightly from that of Levy et al 1997 58 The first Goldthorpe class schema was based on occupation and occupational status self employed salaried Originating from Goldthorpe and Hope s prestige scale 1974 and Goldthorpe s subsequent class schema 1987 two levels of classification were de veloped that included 7 or 36 categories Further development in conjunction with the CASMIN Comparative Analysis of Social Mobility in Industrial Countries project makes the seven category schema more suitable for comparative investigations and it has es tablished itself as the most prominent schema for comparative intergenerational mobili
93. into the category of Difference with weight Table 5 4 Composite results for the first panel Occurrences out of the 1215 variables in the personal files Explanation all waves percent out of the 854 variables tested in paren theses Difference Difference with without weight weight Not compared either because of insuffi cient response too high of modality or it did not make sense to test the variable No difference with or without weights The variable considered does not appear to be biased from attrition 652 76 3 No difference without the weights but the weighted results are different The weighting introduces bias We observe a difference without weights but it disappears when the re sults are weighted The variable is there fore touched by attrition but the weighting corrects the phenomena We observe a difference without the weight and it persists even with weighting The variable is therefore 117 13 7 touched by attrition without the possibility a of correction by weighting Mainly leisure and politics variables For the combined panel there are 854 variables that appear in at least one wave of the personal files since 2004 Out of these 242 are deemed unable to be tested The rea sons are the same as those above Table 5 5 gives a summation of these results The categories work as above Table 5 5 Composite results for the combined panel 33 Occurrence
94. ious associations and groups the revised module contains new topics such as behaviour regarding donations and a measure of self interest taken from the Morally Debatable Behaviour Scale Halpern 2001 Module political behaviour and values In addition to questions of the former mod ule this module contains new information on opinions about public expenditures party identification and sympathy environmental protection and subjective class conscious ness Module leisure and culture The revised module contains updated questions on lei sure activities and new variables for television and internet use Furthermore a series of new questions on holidays is asked Tobacco consumption At regular intervals we ask questions on smoking and quitting behaviours At the first administration in wave 12 questions on former smoking behav iour were asked New variable Original Sample Member OSM The variable Original Sample Member OSM indicates whether a respondent was present in the sample at the first wave 1999 for the SHP_I sample and 2004 for the SHP_II sample People who join the panel after the first wave are so called cohabitants We have produced a variable OSM with 18 three categories OSM child of OSM and cohabitant This variable might help to do analyses by subgroups and to help to understand why some individuals have a longitu dinal weight while others do not as only OSM receive a longitudinal weight
95. iven wave but has been working in any of the previous waves this information is not included in the last job file but in the previous annual individual files More information on how to merge files can be found here http forscenter ch en our surveys swiss household panel datasupport 2 data management 6 1 5 Social origin file The social origin file contains information on the employment status of the parents when the respondent was 15 years old All individuals who were personally interviewed in any of the waves are included Unique information about a person s social origin is collected during the first interview It mainly relates to the composition of the household in which the person lived at the age of 15 and to the level of education and professional activities of both parents Persons who are not yet 20 years old and still living with their parents are not asked about their parents employment status Note that individuals who have had their first interview be fore they turned 20 are not in the social origin file Given the uniqueness of this information it doesn t make sense to attach it to each of the consecutive yearly waves Therefore the social origin module constitutes a specific file containing variable names in which the usual two digit number showing the year of the data collection is replaced by SPSS or__ Stata SAS A separate variable OSYY indicates the wave during which the data on the person s social orig
96. k inter viewers and supervisors participate in a training consisting of two sessions The supervisors training aims to prepare the supervisors for their roles as contact per sons organizers of the interviews and supervisors of the interviewers The supervisors who are experienced interviewers themselves are responsible for the performance of the interviewers The aim of the interviewers training is to become familiar with the SHP in general with its longitudinal design and the specific difficulties Complex items are discussed and the interviewers learn how to convince respondents to participate at the survey They work through the questionnaires and study the training manual as well as the advance letters and newsletters that the participating households received The training sessions are conducted by M I S Trend in Lausanne and Bern assisted by the supervisors and a member of the SHP Team 22 For the refusal conversion M I S Trend uses only the most successful interviewers measured by their individual response rates and the quality of their interviewing perfor mance They receive extra training to be well prepared M I S Trend ensures a strict selection of only the most experienced interviewers and guarantees that all interviews are conducted by native speakers 3 3 Measures to increase response Over the past years the SHP has taken several measures to fight attrition These measures concern incentives for
97. l amount I FAMY Family or child allowances annual amount Might additionally be included in income from employment I PNHY Payments received from individuals not in household annual amount I PIHY Payments received from individuals in household annual amount ISSOSY Other income annual amount Might include 3 pillar inheritance income from capital such as income from wealth letting sub letting I PTOTG gross Yearly total personal income annual amount I PTOTN net social In most cases total income has been calculated by adding the security contributions on different income sources In case of non response in any of the employment income de income sources and in some other cases in waves 1 to 5 total ducted income refers to a global assessment of income Amounts of income sources which represent one off payments over 12 000 CHF are not considered in total income IS WYG gross Income from employment or self employment annual amount ISSWYN net social secu Takes account of 13 and 14 month salary bonuses or gratifi rity contributions deduct cations if applicable 64 ed From 2002 on sum of I EMPY I INDY I WMG gross Income from employment or self employment monthly amount I WMN net see www swisspanel ch IS STPY Social public transfers annual amount From 2002 on sum of I UNEY I WELY IS GRAY I INSY I STFY Income from private persons informal transfers annual amount From 2002 on sum of I PN
98. l has or has had in total Therefore we constructed a variable measuring the total number of own biological and adopted children per person This information is useful in research on fertility or the transition to parenthood and is also frequently used as a control variable 2 4 5 Forthcoming new variables Wave 16 will include several new variables in the employment and income module as well as an update on the children s schooling in the proxy questionnaire 2 4 6 The use of 11 point scales For many questions of the Swiss Household Panel questionnaire the 11 point scale has been chosen instead of a category scale The 11 point scale is used in many other on going surveys for example the GSOEP and World Value Study and seems to be well handled by respondents Respondents are asked to indicate the strength of their attitude or opinion in a number between 0 and 10 with the endpoints 0 and 10 being defined by verbal labels This type of scale is often called a number production scale The main arguments in favour of this type of scale are 1 Minimisation of categorisation effects 5 This section is a summary See www swisspanel ch under Documentation for the complete version 19 We assume that attitudes fall along a single latent continuum ranging from positive to negative The larger the number of points on a response scale the better it represents this underlying latent continuum and the more accurate it reflects the varia
99. l of the Royal Statistical Society Series C Applied Statistics 2 2 119 127 Konietzka D 1995 Lebensstile im sozialstrukturellen Kontext Ein theoretischer und empirischer Beitrag zu Analyse soziokultureller Ungleichheiten Opladen Westdeutscher Verlag 81 Kuhn U 2009 Attrition analysis of income data SHP Working Paper 2 09 Lausanne Swiss Household Panel Lachman M E amp Weaver S L 1998a The sense of control as a moderato of social class differences in health and well being Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74 763 773 Lavall e P 2007 Indirect Sampling Springer Lebert F and Tillmann R 2011 Panel suisse de m nages revision du module reli gion questionnaire individuel Lausanne FORS Leisering L and Walker R 1998 The dynamics of modern society Briston The Poli cy Press Levy R Joye D andGuye O and Kaufmann V 1997 Repr sentations In R Levy D Joye and O Guye Eds Tous gaux De la stratification aux repr sentations pp 495 538 Zurich Seismo Leu R E Burri S and Priester T 1997 Lebensqualitat und Armut in der Schweiz Bern Haupt Levy R 2002 Meso social structures and stratification analysis A missing link Revue suisse de sociologie 28 193 215 Levy R Joye D Guye O and Kaufmann V 1997 Tous gaux De la stratification aux repr sentations Zurich Seismo Lipps O 2007 Attrition in
100. ld interview completed 3 989 9 885 Persons living in participating households Persons aged 14 years and older eligible for in 7 910 dividual interviewing Personal interview completed 6 090 Grid level net response rates 60 Individual level net response rates 81 Source Swiss Household Panel 2013 http www swisspanel ch b In wave 1 of SHP_III only respondents aged 16 or older completed the biographical questionnaire Referring to all gross households minus those with neutral problems neutral problems invalid telephone etc Referring to all contacted individuals minus those with neutral problems foreign language etc 89 Appendix C Attrition in the SHP_I amp SHP_II Tables 1 and 2 below present demographic characteristics and social involvement atti tudes and behaviour of both samples of the SHP for respondents with different response patterns A selection is made of respondents who have participated in an individual inter view at least once and who have not left the panel i e not deceased institutionalized or out of the country A distinction is made between respondents who are interviewed in every wave those who are interviewed irregularly and those who dropped out of the panel this implies the respondent was not interviewed in the last three waves Note that calcu lations are based on unweighted data Significant differences are tested by calculating Cramers V for all the categorical var
101. luency in foreign languages and participation in on the job training 5 employment considering different aspects information necessary to determine the status of the interviewee in the labour market the current main employment details about the last main job held These modules also comprise objective elements such as profession status of the profession the number of hours worked work schedule atypical work as well as subjective elements such as satisfaction with various aspects of the job the evaluation of promotion prospects or of personal qualifications 6 income including objective elements such as total personal income total profes sional income received social transfers received private transfers and other income and subjective elements such as satisfaction with the financial situation and an evalua tion of changes concerning the personal financial situation 7 participation integration networks taking into account objective elements such as frequency of social contacts non remunerated work outside home participation in asso ciations membership of and participation in religious groups and subjective elements Please note that the first wave of the SHP_III did not include an individual questionnaire The first time an individual questionnaire will be administered will be in Wave 2 In Wave 1 in addition to the grid and household questionnaire respondents completed a biograph
102. me is on an individual basis the selection units of the SHP_III were individuals rather than households as was the case for the SHP_I and SHP_II 2 2 2 Sampling designs The samples of SHP_I SHP_II and SHP_III are stratified by major geographic region NUTS II in proportion to the number of households or individuals in the case of the SHP_III per stratum see Graf 2009 This means that for the SHP_I and the SHP_II the selection was proportional to the number of households per major region without overrepresentation of smaller regions For the SHP_IIl the number of addresses was proportional to the number of individuals per major region In both cases the selection did not take into account the average number of persons in households per region With in one major region each household or individual had the same inclusion probability independent of the size of the household The addresses of the gross sample are distributed according to the following proportions SHP_I census 1990 SHP_II 2000 census SHP_Ill STATPOP 2012 Table 2 1 Stratification of gross sample Strata Cantons Proportion of Proportion of Proportion of addresses addresses addresses SHP_1 SHP_Il SHP_Ill Lake Geneva region VD VS GE 18 45 18 22 18 90 Mittelland BE FR SO NE 23 25 22 92 22 25 JU North west Switzerland BS BL AG 13 44 13 86 13 57 Zurich ZH 17 51 18 22 17 52 Eastern Switzerland GL SH AR Al 15 68 13 70 13 98 SG GR TG Central Switz
103. mployers Employees are further differentiated according to the employment relations of their oc cupation employers are separated by size of establishment and the self employed ac cording to occupation Broadly speaking the kind of contracts employees have depend upon a how easily their work may be monitored and controlled by the employer and b asset specificity i e how specific and crucial their knowledge of technical and organiza tional issues is to the employer When monitoring is difficult and asset specificity is high a service relationship will be typical labour contracts apply where labour is more easily replaceable in these terms More information on the ESeC can be found here D The Swiss Socio Professional Categories CSP CH The Swiss Socio Professional Categories CSP CH Joye and Schuler 1995 are based on the occupational coding of the Swiss Federal Office of Statistics as well as educa tional achievement The logic of the CSP CH is as follows 60 Table 5 3 9 Swiss Socio Professional Categories University Technical and Apprenticeship Compulsory Professional Education or Less Top Executives 1 top executives Self Employed 2 liberal 3 self employed professions Wage Earners 4 intellectuals 5 middle skilled 8 unskilled and managers employees 6 non manual 7 manual The significance of an educational attainment may vary according to the details and title of an occupation which has been tak
104. n of the different elements of the microsocial level living conditions life events attitudes and perceptions and lifestyles ways of life Budowski et al 1998 The questionnaire at the household level SHP_I SHP_II and SHP_III covers the fol lowing areas 1 composition of the household containing basic information collected in the grid ques tionnaire about all the members of the household such as age sex relations between the members of the household nationality level of education and occupational status 2 accommodation containing objective elements such as the type and size of the ac commodation home ownership or tenancy the cost of and or the subsidies received for housing as well as subjective elements such as satisfaction with the accommodation evaluation of the state of the accommodation and assessment of perceived nuisances 3 standard of living referring to a list of goods owned by the household or activities that its members can carry out together with the reason financial or otherwise why goods are not owned or activities not carried out 4 the household s financial situation containing objective information such as the ex istence of financial difficulties and the household s reactions to different situations in 15 debtedness and the reasons for it the total household income the amount of tax paid and the social and private transfers as well as subjective elements su
105. n year of interview Collected once confirmed next waves Difference from the year of birth and the official year of interview official means the year of the beginning of the wave in question even when interview took place beginning of following cal endar year SEX Gender of respondent Collected once confirmed next waves CIVSTA Civil status in year of interview Information from household grid and personal interview Equivalent to question P D13 Individual infor mation is considered more reliable than from reference person MAXCOP Max time in years of person living with Information from grid someone else in household NAT_1_ First nationality Grid and individual questionnaire NAT_2_ Second nationality Grid and individual questionnaire NAT_3_ Third nationality Grid and individual questionnaire HAB_CH Duration of residence in CH since Grid and individual questionnaire when G YCH P D164 OWNKID Number of own biological or adopted Constructed based in individual ques children individual level tionnaire verified by the respondent 6 3 2 Education Table 6 3 4 shows the constructed variables related to level of education This list does not include the original or recoded variables related to education For all available varia bles on education we advise to go to our website http forscenter ch en our surveys swiss household panel documentationfag variables domain Table 6 3 4 Constructed variables
106. nd a form is sent to the address provided by the dcl data care asking to complete contact details 3 4 Quality control Prior to each wave extensive pre tests are carried out checking correct technical func tioning of filters and new items and running different scenarios After the training of su pervisors and interviewers for more details see 3 2 the fieldwork agency monitors the interviewer performance during the fieldwork supervisors listen in to the interviews evaluate interviewers on several criteria e g accurateness and pace of reading argu mentation document performance and give feedback to the interviewers M I S Trend carries out the training and monitoring of interviewers in collaboration with the SHP Team 24 CHAPTER 4 FIELDWORK SHP_III LIFE CALENDAR WAVE 1 As for the SHP_I and the SHP_II the fieldwork for the third sample of the SHP is done by M I S Trend in Lausanne and Bern www mistrend ch The first wave of the SHP_III took place from September 2013 to March 2014 It consisted of a paper and pencil bio graphical questionnaire in addition to the grid and the household questionnaires done by CATI or CAPI 4 1 Approaching the participating households Fieldwork for the SHP_IIl took place in parallel with the SHP_I and SHP_II and started with sending a letter and an informative flyer to the participating households informing them about the upcoming interviews For the biographical questionnaire in the first
107. ndar dar value value value value We are going to review the We are going to review the We are going to review the We are going to review the months months between now and months between now and months between now and since month year and for each month year and for each month year and for each month year and for each month you should tell me whether month would like you to tell month would like you to month would like you to tell your main activity was full time me if you have worked full tell me if you have worked me if you have worked full time employee part time employee full time or part time or if you full time or part time or part time or if you have not time self employed part time self have not worked due to a worked due to a period of un employed unemployed retired period of unemployment employment training or other training education housework or training or other reason reason any other situation 1 fulltime job gt 37h 1 1 fulltime paid job gt 37h 1 1 fulltime paid job gt 37h 1 1 Employee fulltime 1 2 part time job 19 36h 2 2 part time paid job 19 36h 2 2 part time paid job 19 36h 2 2 Employee part time 2 3 small part time job 1 18h 2 3 small part time job 1 18h 2 3 small part time job 1 18h 2 3 Self employed fulltime 1 4 unemployed 3 4 no job 5 4 unemployed 3 4 Self employed part time 2 5 continued education voca 4 5 continued education voca 4 5 Unemployed 3 tional retraining tional retr
108. ng and codification These variables have a name corresponding to their contents for example wstat00 for 52 working status in 2000 They are classified by their respective domains in the codebook and are found in the module to which they belong see 6 3 6 3 Constructed variables This paragraph presents background information on the construction of socio demographic variables education labour market participation and income socio geographical information and weights For all other constructed variables we refer to http forscenter ch en our surveys swiss household panel documentationfag variables domain 6 3 1 Socio demographic variables Tables 6 3 1 to 6 3 3 present the constructed socio demographic variables in the house hold file Table 6 3 1 and 6 3 2 and the individual file Table 6 3 3 53 Table 6 3 1 Constructed household typology variables in household file Variable name HLDTYP HLDFFS HLDCEN Description Type of household Classification adopted from European Community Household Panel Eurostat 2003 and PACO Household typology adopted from the Fertility and Family Survey FFS The FFS was launched by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and was commissioned by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office for Switzerland www bfs admin ch Household typology Swiss Census Swiss Federal Statistical Office www bfs admin ch Information used for construction Relationship to oth
109. nly encountered at wave 1 and that these ad dresses are usually considered as out of sample non sample cases 13 The SRPH is updated every three months by the communities and cantons The entries are thus not based on the entry of a phone directory but on the register in the municipal ity or the canton Although undercoverage or overcoverage can still occur they are neg ligible 2 3 Following rules 2 3 1 Initial follow up rules for households The general rule is to interview all households that completed at least the grid during the previous wave We proceed with interviews as long as members of these households agree to fill in the household questionnaire and at least one individual questionnaire it is always possible to catch up with the other individuals in a future wave However 1 We permanently drop from the study households that were not contacted at all during the 1st wave or those that did not supply any information at the time of the 1st wave not even a grid or those who only completed a non response questionnaire for wave 1 2 For SHP_I we also permanently dropped all households that only replied to the grid at wave 1 For SHP_Il we changed this rule and only dropped households that had com pleted just a grid for wave 1 and wave 2 3 We dropped households that gave a final refusal households where no one is will ing to respond to a household interview even after refusal conversion attempts those who move a
110. nt over time The only change is found in the year indica tor In order to assure consistency the following conventions were adapted Year related variables _yydnn Non year related variables individual number sex _dnn Where _ depends on the level of information P Person H Household G Grid X Proxy Where yy denotes the year 99 1999 00 2000 01 2001 Where d denotes the domain a Hobbies leisure free time lifestyle holidays etc b Biography c Health constitution d Demographic variables e Education f Family climate relationships work repartition g Grid h Housing i Income financial situation and living condition variables Life events m Geographical mobility 51 Social networks Social origin Politics Religion Values aspirations other than politic Labour force work social status Violence yth Youth Other variables xs lt 7005 N Where nn is a two digit number which refers to the number of the question normally the position in a block dedicated to a specific topic Two examples year of Interview number of varlable here 1999 here 01 P99D01 f source of questionnaire domain here Personal Individual here demography year of interview number of variable here 2000 here 17 HOGH17 LA source of questionnaire domain here Household here housing Constructed variables do not follow the convention of variable nami
111. nto account in the analysis to obtain appropriate esti mates of the variance For SAS users the recommendation is to rely on the survey procedures for example PROC SURVEYFREQ PROC SURVEYMEANS PROC SUR VEYREG PROC SURVEYLOGISTIC For STATA users the commands svyset and svy have to be used For SPSS users the module complex sample is needed 5 3 Data cleaning Consistency checks and corrections Before the data is released a few consistency checks are performed First the filters used in the questionnaire are checked In the rare occasions in which a filter was applied wrongfully a question was either asked when it should not have been or was not asked when it should have been In the first situation the answer to the question is deleted and the value is set to 3 not applicable see missing value conventions In the second situ ation a code of 7 is given filter error see missing value conventions Second the value range of all questions with restricted response categories is verified Values out of range are usually related to recoding mistakes and are corrected The val ue ranges of open questions are not scrutinized because setting a limit beyond which point values become highly unlikely is always arbitrary 41 Third the households and their individual members are examined to make sure there is information on all household members and the number of household members adds up to the same number as in th
112. olds with a known address and telephone number 25 4 1 2 Procedure for households of which only an address was known 25 4 2 Selection and training of interviewers and SUPErVISOIS cccceeeeeeeeeeeeteeeetees 25 4 3 Measures to increase response 22440sunenseennnnnnnannnnnnnnnnnannnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnn nenn 26 4 3 1 Incentives for the interviewers 4000snssssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnanannnnn nn 26 4 3 3 Refusal conversion eiui ieiet aee Taa E akaa A aid RaT T nn 26 4 3 4 Contacting respondents for the future 400usnsnsnnnnnnnennnenennennnnnnnenn 26 4 4 Qualityiconlrel ee ea EE OAE wee adele ee aee 26 CHAPTER S BATA QUALITY a ee a rar a Ea ne 27 5 1 Response rates and attrition 444ssssnsnnnnnnnnennnnnennnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnannnnnn nenn 27 5 1 1 Response rates er ieh 27 5 1 2 Attrition in SHP_I and SHP ara a r a a AR e ae 31 5 2 The weighting scheme of the SHP 444sssssnsnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnn nenn 34 5 2 1 Overview of techniques 4444404nsnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnnnnnnnnnn 35 5 2 2 Overview of current weights and their construction nennen 37 5 2 3 Selection of the appropriate weight 2244444nsnnnnnennnnnnennnnnnnn nn 39 5 2 4 Addressing the complex sample structure in analyses nn 41 5 3 Data cleaning Consistency c
113. omething can be done W02 W 11 to increase equality between men and women P P22 WO2 W11 W13 6 4 7 Risk aversion scale A single item rated on an eleven point scale from 0 avoid taking risks to 10 fully pre pared to take risks assesses the global individual attitude toward taking risks in gen eral For more information Grund and Sliwka 2006 give a general overview of the theo retical background of this scale 75 Table 6 4 23 Risk aversion Variable Question Available in waves P P48 Are you generally a person who is fully pre pared to take risk or do you try to avoid taking W11 W 12 risks 6 5 Main missing value conventions The following missing value labels are used 1 does not know 2 no answer 3 inapplicable This means either a the specific question was not asked because it was not applicable to the respondent b the respondent did not participate in this particular wave c the entire household did not respond was not contacted 7 filter error a question should have been asked but was not 8 other error 6 6 Imputation procedures Apart from the consistency checks and corrections see 5 3 no values are changed or imputed with the exception of income variables see 6 3 5 6 7 Combining data files Table 6 7 1 shows the identification numbers that are available in the different data files The personal ID idpers can be found in all files on the individual level always referring to the sam
114. on of Big Five Inventory in English and German Journal of Research in Personality 41 203 212 Rosenberg M 1965 Society and the adolescent self image Princeton NJ Princeton University Press Roux P 1999 Couple et galit Un m nage impossible Lausanne R alit sociales Ryser V A amp Lebert F 2014 How well do short personality measures work Com parison of the BFI 10 in the Swiss Household Panel with the BFI S in the German Socio Economic Panel FORS 83 Ryser V A Lebert F and Tillmann R 2012 Proposition d instruments psycholo giques a ins rer dans le questionnaire individuel du Panel suisse de m nages Lau sanne FORS Saris W E and De Rooij K 1988 What kind of terms should be used for reference points In Saris W E Ed Variation in response functions A source of measurement error in attitude research Amsterdam Sociometric Research Foundation Scherer K R Wranik T Sangsue J Tran V and Scherer U 2004 Emotions in everyday life probability of occurrence risk factors appraisal and reaction patterns So cial Science Information 43 499 570 Scherpenzeel A C and Saris W E 1995 The quality of indicators of satisfaction across Europe A meta analysis of multitrait multimethod studies In A C Scherpenzeel Ed A question of quality Evaluating survey questions by multitrait multimethod studies Dissertation Leidschendam Royal PTT Nederland NV KPN Re
115. onal analyses referring to the population in any given year For this purpose there is also a need for cross sectional weights Furthermore in a household panel survey cross sectionally there are not only individuals to weight for every wave but also households In this chapter we describe the current weighting scheme and the construction of each of the weights We then discuss the purpose of and potential for incorporating different advancements and we outline the time frame required to implement them This discus sion is designed to give an idea of how the weights are produced and what techniques are used If one is interested in a detailed exposition on the production of the weights for a given year one can find the complete documentation here http forscenter ch en our surveys swiss household panel documentationfaq methods weighting 34 5 2 1 Overview of techniques In this section we present four major techniques used for the construction of weights in the SHP The process of segmentation is used to determine the probability of being in the panel the inverse of which is the basis of the weights and thus represents an ad justment for non response The generalized weight share method GWSM is used for both the cross sectional individual and household weights in order to allocate a weight to cohabitants of whom the inclusion probability is not known The third approach concerns the combination of the two panels that is done
116. ondents was the same as for the households under 4 1 1 4 2 Selection and training of interviewers and supervisors Before the start of the fieldwork interviewers and supervisors followed a training either a three hour training for CATI interviews or a one day training for CAPI interviews As for the SHP_I and the SHP_Il the supervisors training prepared the supervisors for their roles as contact persons organizers of the interviews and supervisors of the inter viewers 25 The aim of the interviewers training was to become familiar with the SHP_III in general its longitudinal design and the specific difficulties of the biographical questionnaire Inter viewers learned how to convince respondents to take part in the survey they worked through the grid household and biographical questionnaires and studied the training manuals Interviewers were also asked to complete their own biographical questionnaire to fully understand the objectives of the questionnaire and to become familiar with the difficulties that may arise The training sessions were conducted by M I S Trend in Lausanne and Bern with the assistance of the supervisors and a member of the SHP Team Like in the SHP_I and SHP_II for refusal conversion in the SHP_III M I S Trend uses only the most successful interviewers who received extra training 4 3 Measures to increase response The procedure is quite similar to the two existing samples of the SHP To encourag
117. ong couples who have the same occupational title typical examples are couples who both work together on a farm or a restaurant The second dimension represents the social distance that is reflected in the dis similarity between couples occupations It should be added that the scores of a di mensional analysis do not have sociological significance in themselves but only in rela tion to each other Here the value allotted to each occupation i e the score of the di mensional analysis indicates its position on this hypothetical social axis and conse quently its distance to others Subsequently each occupation of the 4 digit ISCO 88 classification is allotted a CAMSIS score The current version adjusts for national varia tions and is sensitive to gender Other dimensions can be easily accommodated e g ethnicity geographic region in order to incorporate specific research interests and hy potheses and to improve the correspondence between this measure and the social cat egories within their context See for more information Bergman et al 2002 and Bergman and Joye 2001 G The Oesch Class Schema This schema tries to capture social stratification in modern service societies More pre cisely it aims at reflecting increasing occupational heterogeneity stemming from trends in the employment structure such as e Deindustrialization and service sector expansion e Women s growing participation in paid employment e Massive expan
118. oral differences there are also some distinctions in the respective sampling frames and the sampling designs 2 2 1 Sampling frame The first sample SHP_I is a stratified random sample of private households whose members represent the non institutional resident population in Switzerland In 1999 the methodology section of the Swiss Federal Statistical Office drew a simple random sam ple in each of the seven major statistical regions of Switzerland on the basis of the Swiss telephone directory SRH Stichprobenregister fur Haushalterhebungen or sam ple frame for household surveys This sample of households was representative of the various social groups in all regions of Switzerland In order to compensate for the ero sion of the original 1999 sample deaths hospitalisation migration refusals a refresh ment random sample of households was injected in 2004 SHP_II following the same 11 methodology The sampling frame was CASTEM Cadre de Sondage pour le Tirage d Echantillons de Menages the follow up register of SRH which is owned by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office and also represents a telephone directory A second refresh ment sample was injected in 2013 SHP_IIl This sample was drawn from the SRPH Stichprobenrahmen f r die Personen und Haushaltserhebungen which consists of data coming from the cantonal and communal register of residents and which is owned by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office As this sampling fra
119. pendent logic where entrepreneurial principles of self employed dominate entrepreneurs self employed professionals shopkeepers and farmers The schema s central argument is that depending on whether an occupation involves the face to face attendance to people s personal demands the deployment of technical ex pertise and craft or the administration of organizational power the work logic and prima ry orientation differ in fundamental ways Hence the schema has been developed among others to come to grips with changes in class voting Oesch 2008 Both a 16 class and 8 class version of the schema are available Depending on the re search question under study the detailed or simplified version may be of greater use The syntax to construct the schema with the SHP can be found at http forscenter ch en our surveys swiss household panel datasupport 2 syntaxes 2 diverses 6 3 4 Professional integration PAUG R4 Paugam s typology is based on a distinction between conditions of employment and conditions of work The typology distinguishes four types of professional integration see Paugam 2000 Secure integration int gration assur e is defined as the combination of job stability and quality of work measured objectively and subjectively Three forms of integration deviate from this model insecure integration int gration incertaine is the result of unstable job but good working conditions and satisfaction at work
120. pulation individuals of current year wp T3S Weights expanded to the sample size of the SHP_III SHP_I Il and III combined wp TP Weights expanded to the resident Swiss population individuals of current year wp TS Weights expanded to the sample size of the com bined panels SHP_I II and III SHP_I and SHP_II combined wh T1P Weights expanded to the resident Swiss population households of current year wh T1S Weights expanded to the sample size of individuals in the households SHP_Ill wh T3P Weights expanded to the resident Swiss population households of current year wh T3S Weights expanded to the sample size of individuals in the households SHP_I_II and Ill combined wh TP Weights expanded to the resident Swiss population households of current year wh TS Weights expanded to the sample size of individuals in the households Note corresponds to the two last digits of the year in question One should note that the longitudinal weights make reference to the first year that is 1999 for the first panel 2004 for the combined panel of SHP_I and SHP_II and 2013 for the combined panel SHP_I Ill Although this may not be ideal for some analyses it is generally better to use a slightly imperfect longitudinal weight which will at least take into account inclusion probabilities and non response then none at all It is worth remembering that for every first year of a panel the cross sectional weights can also be seen as longitudinal we
121. questionnaire for longi tudinal respondents conditional on having responded to the grid no individuals are questioned before the grid is completed After the adjustment to the non response for the grid a second adjustment is performed this time at the individual questionnaire lev el In order to produce the final longitudinal weight this weight is calibrated to reflect the distribution in the population at baseline regarding sex by age category nationality and region from ESPOP STATPOP Individual cross sectional weights A weight sharing is performed in households that have non original sample members non OSMs The weight share depends on whether the non OSMs were present at the 37 moment the sample was selected SHP_I 1999 SHP_II 2004 and SHP_III 2013 By present we mean that they were eligible for selection into the panel lived in an inde pendent household in Switzerland at the time of the selection If they were present the weight is the same for all individuals of the household and is equal to gt P_NRGRIL PTI PAR _ 2 IAP where L is the number of longitudinal individuals and P is the number of non OSMs ini tially present If the non OSMs were not present at baseline the weights are P_NRGRIL for longitudinal individuals PTI_ PAR UP _NRGRIL 3 for non OSM initially absent L Once the weight sharing is done it is adjusted for non response to the individual ques tionnaire
122. ramming in SPSS and HLM Data questionnaires main tenance www swisspanel ch Project information ques tionnaires and documenta tion preparation and moni toring of the survey data dissemination including use of SHP data in a teach ing context Methods attrition analysis programming in SPSS and Stata Data data sets communal data programming in SPSS Denise Bloch Ursina Kuhn Florence Lebert Oliver Lipps Erika Antal Val rie Anne Ryser Flurina Schmid Robin Tillmann Marieke Voorpostel Boris Wernli swisspanel fors unil ch 41 0 21 692 3730 ursina kuhn fors unil ch 41 0 21 692 3722 florence lebert fors unil ch 41 0 21 692 3715 oliver lipps fors unil ch 41 0 21 692 3724 erika antal fors unil ch 41 0 21 692 3746 valerie anne ryser fors unil ch 41 0 21 692 3740 flurina schmid fors unil ch 41 0 21 692 3716 robin tillmann fors unil ch 41 0 21 692 3721 marieke voorpostel fors unil ch 41 0 21 692 3727 boris wernli fors unil ch 41 0 21 692 3723 10 CHAPTER 2 STUDY DESIGN 2 1 General design of the SHP Since its origin in 1999 the SHP survey Living in Switzerland has covered a broad range of topics and approaches in the area of social sciences The survey is conducted annually from September to February by M I S Trend in Lausanne and Bern using the computer assisted telephone interview technique CATI Since 2010CAPI and CAWI are used for refus
123. rnationally Standardised Measures for Comparative Research on Occupational Status In J H P Hoffmeyer Zlotnik and C Wolf Eds Advances in cross national comparison A European working book for demographic and socio economic variables pp 159 193 New York Kluwer Academic Press Garner W R 1960 Rating scales Discriminability and information transmission Psychological Review 67 343 352 Goldthorpe J H 1987 Social Mobility and Class Structure in Modern Britain Oxford Clarendon Press Goldthorpe J and Hope K 1974 The social grading of occupations Oxford Cla rendon Press Graf E 2008 Pond rations du PSM PSM_1 vague 8 PSM_II vague 3 PSM_1 et PSM_II combin s N 338 0054 Neuchatel Office F d ral de la Statistique 80 Graf E 2009 Pond rations du Panel suisse de m nages PSM_1 vague 9 PSM_II vague 4 PSM_1 et PSM_II combin s Nech tel Office F d ral de la Statistique Groves R M 2006 Nonresponse rates and nonresponse bias in household surveys Public Opinion Quarterly 70 646 675 Groves R M and Peytcheva E 2008 The impact of nonresponse rates on nonre sponse bias Public Opinion Quarterly 72 167 189 Grund C and Sliwka D 2006 Performance pay and risk aversion IZA Discussion paper series N 2012 1 13 Guggemos F and Till Y 2010 Penalized calibration in survey sampling Design based estimation assisted by mixed models J Statist Plann
124. ro s Comparative Analysis of Social Mobili ty in Industrial Nations schema CASMIN The European Socio economic Classification ESeC The Swiss Socio Professional Categories CSP CH Treiman s Prestige Scale The Cambridge Social Interaction and Stratification Scale CAMSIS The Oesch Class Schema Qa TmOO For a comprehensive description of the different classifications we refer to Bergman and Joye 2001 downloadable from http forscenter ch en our surveys swiss household panel documentationfaq methods stratification Tables 6 3 5 to 6 3 7 show the variables used to construct the different classifications The classification of respondent s last job is4laj father s occupation and mother s occupation is done in the same way The following explanation of the construction of the classification for respondent s current occupation is therefore also applicable to re spondent s last occupation and father s and mother s occupation 12 Cf Joye and Schuler 1995 For a discussion on how occupations are to some extent reflections of their national and temporal context see Levy 2002 13 If some minor adjustments are made in order to adapt it to the European context the label ISCO 88 COM is used Cf International Labour Office 1990 International Standard Classification of Occupations ISCO 88 Geneva ILO Following the ISCO 88 classification armed forces occupations are classified O in ISCO 88 1 digit code major
125. rs The most recent data come from the first wave of the SHP_IIl Second biographical data was collected from SHP_I sample members in 2001 and 2002 The data from the pilot study preceding the SHP_IIl in 2012 2013 are only available upon request 6 1 6a Biographical files SHP_III The fieldwork for the SHP_IIl began in September 2013 parallel to the fieldwork of the SHP_I and the SHP_II The questioning in the first wave of this second refresher sam ple takes the form of a biographical questionnaire see for more details 2 4 7 and Chap ter 4 The files contain for each respondent the complete life history on the domain in question Table 6 1 2 gives an overview of the different files of the SHP_IIl Table 6 1 2 Files biographical questionnaire File name Information Household file Wave 1 SHPIII13_ H_USER Household questionnaire Indiviudual file Wave 1 SHPIII13_P_USER Basic information on the respondent Life domain Residence SHPIII_RE_USER Information on geograph ical mobility Residence permit SHPIII_PM_USER Information on work per mits and the acquisition of Swiss citizenship Living arrangements SHPIII_LA USER Information on with whom the respondent lived over the life course 48 Couple relations and civil SHPIII_CS USER Information on partner rela status tionships and changes in civil status Family events SHPIII_FA_USER Information on family events such as parental divorc
126. s out of the 854 Difference Difference with variables in the personal files i Explanation all waves percent out of the without weight weight 612 variables tested in paren theses Not compared either because of insuffi T 7 cient response too high of modality or it 242 did not make sense to test the variable No difference with or without weights No No 508 83 The variable considered does not appear to be biased from attrition No difference without the weights but No Yes the weighted results are different The 24 3 9 weighting introduces bias We observe a difference without Y N weights but it disappears when the re 35 5 79 ji o sults are weighted The variable is there 5 7 fore touched by attrition but the weighting corrects the phenomena We observe a difference without the weight and it persists even with weighting The variable is therefore 45 7 4 touched by attrition without the possibility of correction by weighting Mainly leisure and politics variables Yes Yes 5 2 The weighting scheme of the SHP Compared to cross sectional surveys longitudinal household panels face some addi tional methodological challenges One of them is the complex weighting scheme On one side the objective of longitudinal surveys is to analyse the evolution of a population over time This is done using longitudinal weights On the other side longitudinal sur veys are also used for cross secti
127. search Scherpenzeel A Zimmermann E Budowski M Tillmann R Wernli B and Gabad inho A 2002 Experimental pre test of the biographical questionnaire SHP Working Paper 5 02 Neuchatel Swiss Household Panel Schuler M Dessemontet P and Joye D 2005 Die Raumgliederungen der Schweiz Neuchatel Bundesamt fur Statistik Schuman H and Presser S 1981 Questions and answers in attitude surveys Exper iments on question form wording and context New York Academic Press Spoerri A Zwahlen M Egger M amp Bopp M 2010 The Swiss National Cohort A unique database for national and international researchers International Journal of Pub lic Health 55 239 242 Srivastava S Gosling S D and Potter J 2003 Development of personality in early and middle adulthood Set like plaster or persistent change Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84 5 1041 1053 Stewart A Prandy K and Blackburn R M 1980 Social Stratification and Occupa tions London Macmillan St ber J amp Joormann J 2001 A short form of the Worry Domains Questionnaire Construction and factorial validation Personality and Individual Differences 31 119 126 Strodtbeck F L 1958 Family interactions values and achievement In D C McClel land et al Talent and Society pp 135 194 Princeton Van Nostrand Tougas F Brown R Beaton A M and Joly S 1995 Neosexism plus ga chan
128. sion in educational attainment and occupational upgrading The schema s particularity lies in its focus on both hierarchical and horizontal class divi sions Hence according to Oesch 2003 2006a 2006b the salaried middle class should not be taken as a unitary grouping nor should the manual non manual divide be considered as the decisive division line Based on earlier contributions by John Goldthorpe Gosta Esping Andersen Hanspeter Kriesi and Walter Muller Oesch 2003 the schema combines two dimensions A first vertical dimension separates class positions based on the advantage in their employ ment relationship this distinction permits to distinguish occupations according to inter linked characteristics such as their marketable skills their earnings or their mobility pro 19 For more details see Bergman Lambert Prandy and Joye 2002 62 spects A second horizontal dimension distinguishes occupations according to their pre dominating work logic Four work logics are differentiated e an interpersonal logic typical for service occupations based on face to face ex change occupations in health care education or welfare e a technical logic where the work process is determined by technical production parameters occupations in IT craft or assembling e an organizational logic where primary orientation goes towards the employing or ganization occupations in management administration and the back office e an inde
129. ta file open the files located in the LABELS SPSS WAVES LANGUAGES directory in a syntax editor and run the syn tax For Stata labels To label a Stata data file open the files located in the LABELS STATA WAVES LANGUAGES directory in a do file editor and run the syn tax Note that all Stata file names variable names use lower case letters 78 References Beck U 1986 Risikogesellschaft Auf dem Weg in eine andere Moderne Frankfurt am Main Suhrkamp Verlag Behr A Bellgardt E and Rendtel U 2005 Extent and determinants of panel attrition in the European Community Household Panel European Sociological Review 21 489 512 Belli R F 1998 The structure of autobiographical memory and the event history cal endar Potential improvements in the quality of retrospective reports in surveys Memory 6 4 383 406 Belli R F Lee E H Stafford F P amp Chou C H 2004 Calendar and question list survey methods Association between interviewer behaviors and data quality Journal of Official Statistics Stockohlm 20 2 185 218 Bendig A W 1954 Transmitted information and the length of rating scales Journal of Experimental Psychology 47 303 308 Bergman M M and Joye D 2001 Comparing Social Stratifications Schemas CAMSIS CSP CH Goldthorpe ISCO 88 Treiman and Wright Cambridge Studies in Social Research 9 1 37 Bergman M M Lambert P Prandy K and Joye D 2
130. ted who the reference person is what interviews have been carried out and when they have taken place The individual master file SHP_MP contains all individuals who have resided in the par ticipating households in any of the waves This file includes the time invariant variables gender date of birth month and year and identification number of father and mother as well as response statuses and interview dates for all waves See for details on the various files of the SHP_III 6 1 6a 6 1 2 Annual files households and individuals The annual household files SHP99_H_USER SHPOO_H_USER etc contain infor mation from the household interviews complemented by information from the grid ques tionnaire For the constructed variables see 6 3 The information from the annual individual interviews SHP99 P_USER SHPO00_P_USER etc is included in the annual individual files For the constructed var iables in these files see 6 3 For the complete questionnaires see Questionnaires under Documentation on http forscenter ch en our surveys swiss household panel f Please not that Stata is case sensitive and that Stata data file names are in lower case 43 6 1 3 Calendar file Using the answers in the individual questionnaire the calendar file contains for every person the activity status in each month If the person has answered the individual questionnaire in wave x information on his her activity is contained for t
131. terviewed for the first time in 1999 21 3 n 1 661 com pleted a personal interview in each of the following waves including the fifteenth wave conducted in 2013 Table 5 3 At the household level see Table 5 1 A the drop in participation was particularly high in the second 13 and the fourth 11 waves compared to the other waves in the 1999 2005 period 5 to 8 Since 2006 the number of households interviewed increased in general due to various measures taken to con vert households who were abandoned earlier into respondents At the individual level see Table 5 2 A the drop in participation was particularly high in the fourth 12 wave as compared to the other waves in the 1999 2005 period be tween 6 and 10 From 2006 onward the number of persons interviewed increased in general but note again the slight drop in 2008 due to 1 various measures taken to convert households and 2 extra efforts made by the interviewers of M I S Trend to enrol all eligible household members for an individual interview SHP_II In the SHP_II waves 1 to 10 2 538 households and 3 654 individuals were first inter viewed in 2004 In the tenth wave 1 488 households and 2 327 persons responded At the household level see Table 5 1 A there was a clear drop in participation in the second wave 29 compared to 5 to 8 in the 2004 2007 period In 2008 the number of interviewed households increased due to renewal of contacts with ho
132. th the response status according to the highest Pearson Chi squared The data is then divided into two groups according to this chosen predictor Each of these sub groups is then analyzed separately and independently of the other to produce further subdivisions Kass 1980 It doesn t have to be the same variable in each of the two subsamples and the predictors can be used several times to partition the data Kalton and Brick 2000 The partitioning process goes so on until each sub group satisfies one of the following conditions 1 none of the remaining variables is found to be significant on response rate 2 the number of members of the sub group including non respondents would fall below a given level 30 if the sub group were divided and 3 the response rate would fall below a given level 3 if the sub group were divided The resulting subsets repre sent homogenous response groups HRG Adjustment for non response is based on these HRG the adjustment factor corresponds to the inverse of the response rate of a given HRG Generalized weight share method Because the inclusion probabilities of new household entrants cohabitants are not known we apply an alternative strategy in order to allocate them a cross sectional indi 35 vidual weight This strategy consists of using only the known inclusion probabilities of the original sample members and allocating parts of these weights within a household to cohabitants The strate
133. the Swiss Household Panel Methoden Daten Analysen 1 1 45 68 Lipps O 2009 Attrition of Households and Individuals in Panel Surveys SOEPpapers 164 Lipps O 2011 Refusal Conversion in telephone panels Is it worth it SHP Working Paper 3 11 Lausanne Swiss Household Panel Lipps O and Kissau K 2012 Nonresponse in an Individual Register Sample Tele phone Survey in Lucerne Switzerland in Telephone Surveys in Europe Research and Practice Editors Michael Hader Sabine H der Mike K hne Springer Lipps O Lagana F Pollien A and Gianettoni L 2011 National minorities and their representation in Swiss surveys I Providing evidence and analysing causes for their under representation FORS Working Paper Series paper 2011 2 Lausanne FORS Lodge M 1981 Magnitude scaling Quantitative measurement of opinions Sage University Paper series on Quantitative Application in the Social Sciences 07 025 Beverly Hills Sage 82 Mayer K U 1991 Soziale Ungleichheit und die Differenzierung von Lebensverl ufen in W Zapf Ed Die Modernisierung moderner Gesellschaften Verhandlung des 25 Deutschen Soziologentages 1990 pp 667 687 Frankfurt am Main Westdeutscher Verlag McCrae R R and Costa P T 2003 Personality in adulthood A five Factor theory perspective NewYork The Guilford Press Merkouris T 2001 Cross sectional Estimation in Multiple Panel Household Surveys
134. the interviewers incentives for the participating households refusal conversion maintaining contact with the households and minimizing noncontact 3 3 1 Incentives for the interviewers To increase the interviewers motivation they can earn two collective bonuses One bo nus is based on the general response rate all interviewers together have to accomplish at least 95 of last year s individual interviews The second bonus is only oriented to wards interviewers who are engaged in refusal calls and is based on the refusal conver sion rate Additionally there are regular briefings of all interviewers and supervisors on the progression of the fieldwork 3 3 2 Incentives for the participating households To enhance survey participation an unconditional incentive is offered to each eligible re spondent In wave 12 we introduced an unconditional incentive sent to the households with the preliminary letter asking them to participate in the new wave Between wave 12 and wave 14 an additional incentive was offered to complete house holds A household is called complete if all members of the household of 14 years or older completed the individual interview and if the household reference person complet ed the grid and the household questionnaire This additional incentive was only offered to household consisting of at least two members For budgetary reasons this additional incentive was dropped in wave 15 The general unconditional inc
135. the mean of the 12 items keeping in mind that some items are reversed in valence The psychometric properties of the 12 items of the self perception and control dimension Cronbach s alpha 0 74 6 4 4 Worries A worries scale adapted from St ber and Joormann 2001 was included in the SHP in wave 14 73 Table 6 4 16 Worries Variable Label Available in waves P C110 Worries Achieving my ambitions W14 P C111 Worries Not keeping my workload up to date W14 P C112 Worries Being not able to afford things W14 P C113 Worries Feeling insecure W14 P C114 Worries Cannot afford to pay bills W14 P C115 Worries Leaving the work unfinished W14 P C116 Worries Lacking of confidence W14 P C117 Worries Being unattractive W14 P C118 Worries Losing close friends W14 P C119 Worries Have not achieving much W14 Psychometric properties of the Worries scale Cronbach s alpha 0 91 6 4 5 Important things in life Table 6 4 17 Important things in life Variable Label Available in waves P12C120 Important things in life buy things W14 P12C121 Important things in life helping other people W14 P12C122 Important things in life self actualization W14 P12C123 Important things in life success in job W14 P12C124 Important things in life being owner of house or apart W14 ment P12C125 Important things in life good partnership W14 P12C126 Important things in life having children W14 P12C127 Important things in life social activit
136. tion Scales with relatively few response alternatives force respondents to categorise their reaction towards an attitude object instead of directly mapping it onto the response continuum thus causing information loss Early research has already shown that respondents dif ferentiate more between objects when offered response scales with greater numbers of categories Bendig 1954 Garner 1960 The larger the number of points the more pow erful the scale is in discriminating but at a certain point respondents become unable to make fine distinctions and thus round off 2 Improvement of data analysis Improving the measurement procedures is one way to improve the quality of data analy sis In their investigation of the possibilities to optimise measurement procedures in so cial science Van Doorn Saris and Lodge 1983 did not simply enlarge the number of scale points but used psychophysical scaling see also Lodge 1981 Respondents ex pressed their answers on continuous scales by drawing lines or assigning numbers to their opinions thus creating interval level measures The best alternative to category scales within the class of magnitude estimation scales that can be used in CATI is the number production scales It is essential that a magnitude estimation scale has fixed anchors or reference points The 11 point number scale used in the panel questionnaire has for example two refer ence points 0 and 10 These reference points have been
137. tudinal weight for SHP_I Weights calibrated using totals of the first type were the first panel longitudinal weight and the cross sectional household weight The remaining weights were calibrated using the second type 5 2 2 Overview of current weights and their construction Currently four types of weights are produced a individual longitudinal weights b in dividual cross sectional weights c household cross sectional weights and d transi tional factors The current SHP weights are based on the initial weight POIDINIT which is the weight at baseline 1999 for SHP_1 2004 for SHP_II and 2013 for SHP_III In a given wave longitudinal respondents original sample members are modelled for response at the level of the grid using segmentation Graf 2008 Segmentation separates the individu als into response homogeneity groups RHG based on variables that are strong indica tors of response The inverse of the grid response rate for each RHG is the adjustment factor for the weight Specifically this adjusted weight is POIDINIT P_NRGRIL _ T HRG where 7 pgg is the response rate for the given RHG This adjusted weight becomes the basis for all of the wave specific weights These types of weights are all determined us ing the same methodology which combines segmentation and calibration using popula tion characteristics Individual longitudinal weights Here the segmentation is done on the response to the individual
138. tus gt single never married 38 2 41 4 44 3 married 48 5 48 2 42 8 Difference between always and irregularly participating is not significant Cramer s V p 08 a Difference between always and irregularly participating is not significant Cramer s V p 22 Differences between always participating and dropped out is not significant Cramer s V p 10 Differences between groups are not significant Cramers V dropped out p 16 irregularly re sponding p 49 Difference between always and irregularly participating is not significant Cramer s V p 12 92 separated divorced widower widow Children in household Employment active occupied unemployed not in labour force Owner residence Mean satisfaction with health 0 10 Participate in clubs Mean general trust in people 0 10 Mean interest in politics 0 10 1 8 7 8 3 6 51 1 67 2 1 5 31 3 49 2 8 29 54 7 5 71 5 66 1 5 5 7 3 3 59 9 63 6 2 4 33 9 53 7 8 17 49 1 5 31 5 07 1 9 6 7 4 3 54 3 67 5 3 5 29 1 44 7 8 23 43 8 5 02 4 87 Region Lake Geneva VD VS GE Middleland BE FR SO NE JU North west Switzerland BS BL AG Zurich East Switzerland GL SH AR Al SG GR TG Central Switzerland LU UR SZ OW NW ZG Ticino 1 Difference between always participating and dropped out is not significant Cramer s V p 06 2 Difference be
139. tween always participating and dropped out is not significant T test dropped out p 16 93
140. ty studies Contrary to earlier versions the current schema requires information on the re spondents number of employees and supervisory function As a class schema that is primarily used in comparative research it is most frequently based on ISCO 88 Ganzeboom and Treiman 2003 have adapted the most recent Goldthorpe class sche ma into the following codes 1 Higher controllers 2 Lower controllers 3 Routine non manual employees 4 Self employed with employees 5 Self employed without employees 7 Manual supervisor 8 Skilled manual employees 9 Semi and unskilled manual employees 10 Farm labour 11 Self employed farmers It is more difficult than with other schemas presented here to assess how respondents are classified because several dimensions are integrated in complex and unspecified ways C The European Socio economic Classification ESeC The European Socio economic Classification ESeC is a European occupational classi fication based on the Erikson Goldthorpe Portocarero EGP Schema The information required to create ESeC is e occupation coded to the minor groups i e 3 digit groups of the EU variant of the International Standard Classification of Occupations 1988 ISCO88 COM e details of employment status i e whether an employer self employed or em ployee e number of employees at the workplace e whether a worker is a Supervisor 17 See Bergman and Joye 2001 for a more det
141. ure 1 Areas of interest mentioned by SHP data users Labour Market Employment Income al 311 Poverty Living Conditions Quality of Life EZ 2 iii iii 226 Health Physical Activity 191 Lifecourse Adolescence Retirement Aging 182 Education Social Capital Culture HE 159 Democracy Party Political Behaviour 158 Working Conditions Work Life Arrangements 141 Macro Econ Econ Policy Social Justice Social Security 137 Family Household Composition Tasks m 30 Migration Minorities Mobility Ea 112 Survey Methodology Longitudinal Analysis 102 Gender 1 Social Stratification _ a 91 Social Participation Networks Social Support a 8 Values Religions 8 Environment Housing Housing Market Region 70 Lifestyle Leisure Internet Marketing 66 Ind Behav Consumpt Emotions Coping Deviance Victimis 51 Social Reporting m 15 Since the start ofthe SHP in 1999 a great variety of issues of social and economic sig nificance have been studied using the SHP data and many more questions can be ad dressed with the wealth of information the SHP contains For example e Evolving patterns in changing living conditions quality of life and life satisfaction Who is progressively better or worse off and why What are the necessary living conditions for warranting a good quality of life Which objective and subjective factors most strongly determine life satisfaction e Family life and intera
142. use hold can afford have been updated New sports module in the individual questionnaire A new sports module has been developed in collaboration with the Swiss Institute for Empirical Economics Research SEW HSG It focuses on the types of sports the respondent does regularly the fre quency and duration and location of exercise Furthermore respondents are asked with whom they are doing sports and whether they participate in competitions At the first administration of the new sports module the respondents were questioned on their sports habits at the age of 12 Revised social networks module in the individual questionnaire The revised mod ule includes in addition to existing questions on social networks additional information on non resident family members partner children parents siblings provision of in formal support loneliness and online social networks 2 4 4 Recently revised modules and new constructed variables Module religion The revised module contains in addition to questions of the original module new questions on attitudes toward religions religious socialization and two centrality spirituality scales see Lebert and Tillmann 2011 Module psychological scales This module is dedicated to topics such as life satis faction self mastery worry domains and life goals see Ryser Lebert andTillmann 2012 Module social participation Besides participation in var
143. useholds who were abandoned earlier because of double refusal like for the SHP_1 At the individual level Table 5 2 A the drop in participation was as was the case at the household level particularly strong in the second wave 28 compared to later waves when the drop in participation was between 2 and 6 In 2008 the number of persons validly interviewed increased slightly as a result of the measures mentioned un der SHP_I In 2008 2012 and 2013 however there was a slight decrease in participa tion on the individual level too e Contrary to the SHP_I starting in 1999 the household recruited in 2004 were not explicitly asked to commit themselves for several years According to the interviewers many households were surprised to be called one year later to be interviewed again in the ongoing panel study 27 SHP_Iil In 2013 the first wave of the third panel started SHP_III In this first wave 3 989 house holds were interviewed On the individual level 6 090 respondents completed a bio graphical questionnaire 28 Table 5 1 Number of households interviewed in SHP_I SHP_Il and SHP_III 1999 2013 Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Wave aR WN 6 1 712 8 3 9 4 10 5 11 6 12 7 13 8 14 9 15 10 1 SHPI n 5 074 4 425 4 139 3 582 3 227 2 837 2 457 2 537 2 817 2 718 2 930 2 985 2 977 2 968 2 881 Y A 100 87 82 71 64
144. way from Switzerland and those who are fully and permanently institutional ized SHP_III will adopt the same following rules in future waves A household will be recon tacted if it completed at least the grid questionnaire in the year before 2 3 2 Initial follow up rules for individuals 4 The SHP initially only followed respondents OSM Original Sample Member and their children whereas cohabitants were only re interviewed as long as they lived with an OSM Since 2007 also cohabitants are followed 5 The minimum age of eligibility is 14 years 6 As a general rule respondents OSM are followed until they die or are permanently institutionalized or leave the target population for another reason 7 Individuals who send us a written refusal are dropped from the sample 2 3 3 Measures against attrition The following measures were taken to reduce attrition from 2006 to 2009 waves 8 to 11 of SHP_I and waves 3 to 6 of SHP_II recontacting all SHP_I households that had refused to participate between 2000 and 2003 that is at waves 2 3 4 and 5 3 Out of the 1 520 asked again SHP_ households in 2006 and 2007 580 completed at least the grid inter view 14 recontacting past final refusal households that participated again after being re contacted in 2006 and 2007 recontacting refusing SHP_I households in 2006 2007 2008 and 2009 waves 8 to 11 recontacting refusing SHP_II households in 2005
145. y codes themselves are not included in the user file to guarantee the an onymity of the respondents Under certain conditions are the codes available for users of the data This requires special authorization and is only possible when anonymity of the households can be guaranteed Other constructed variables in the household file related to socio geographical charac teristics of the household are HHMOVE whether the household moved since the last interview Table 6 3 14 Household moved since last interview HHMOVE S Variable Label Constructed from HHMOVE moved since last interview grid and M I S Trend information 6 4 References for psychosocial variables Several psychological dimensions are assessed in the SHP Some questions are asked every wave whereas other questions are asked regularly but not each year This section gives information about the availability of psychological variables 6 4 1 Subjective well being indicators and scales The concept of subjective well being SWB is composed of two dimensions a cognitive dimension which includes the participants evaluation of his her life in general or of a particular important domain of life for example health professional life financial situa tion and an affective dimension which considers positive and negative affects such as joy hope optimism worries anxiety and anger Diener 2000 Diener Suh Lucas and Smith 1999 The SHP includes one indicator that allows th
146. y master file contains the identification numbers idpers of all individuals who answered the biographical questionnaire in 2001 or 2002 The master file further includes individual population weights wpO0tbgp and sample weights wpOOtbgs For methodological reasons weights of zero had to be attributed to 199 persons SHPO_BH_USER In the horizontal file each row represents one respondent It contains in total 281 varia bles representing for each domain per episode the beginning end and description For example for every employment starting date end date and several characteristics of the job are included all as separate variables Also individual population weights wp00tbgp and sample weights wpO0tbgs are included in this file The vertical files 1 Living arrangements SHPO_BVLA_USER 2 Periods outside of Switzerland SHPO_BVSA_USER 3 Changes in civil status SHPO_BVCS_USER 4 Learned professions SHPO_BVLP_USER 5 Educational trajectory SHPO_BVED_USER 6 Work life SHPO_BVWL_USER 7 Family events SHPO_BVFE_USER 8 Retirement SHPO_BVRE_USER In the eight vertical files one file per domain a row represents one episode Respond ents experiencing different episodes in a given domain for example they have held several jobs take up multiple rows in the file one for every job An index variable is included to preserve the order of the episodes of respondents 6 1 7 Interviewer files These files contain information

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