HRMTime Installation & User Guide
Contents
1. RE Tm k Tp Td O E START Tw sop l FL Note 1 The time to process an event dead time is the same as for TCSPC 190ns However the time measurement modules have a 256 deep FIFO allowing bursts in excess of 100MHz Figure 6 Note In this mode a single start pulse will be applied to all channels After this event all events will be time stamped and saved to memory Each time tag will be comprised of two 32 bit words These two words will provide time tag data with a resolution of 27ps and the channel ID The memory will be configured as a large FIFO interfacing to the USB interface Suitable handshake signals are implemented allowing continuous transfer of these time tags from the FIFO to the PC via the USB port Hence in this mode continuous time tagging to the host PC can be achieved indefinitely 14 HRMTime Installation and User Guide HISTOGRAM TCSPC Tw Td START Ji ML TL STOP MEMORY BINS j Minimum Start or Stop input pulse width Minimum time to process event dead time Minimum BIN size Figure 7 Note In this mode the start of each channel will be the event and the stop will be a delayed version of the LASER clock On receipt of an event the time tag will be read and then the timing module will immediately be reset The reset will clear the channel ready for the next event Each time stamp from the timing module will be used as an address to increment2. Figure 10 HISTOGRAM TCSPC When this page is launched the top half will display a graph page Left click on this graph to reveal the configuration settings The size of the configuration and graph area can be adjusted by dragging the partition to suite Figure 11 show this page with the partition adjusted to reveal the entire configuration controls Programmable Clock Output The Programmable Clock Output is made available for all modes and is used to set the frequency and duty cycle of the internal programmable clock This clock is available at an SMA output for test purposes This clock is provided for testing and diagnostics The clock will exhibit a level of jitter that would not be suitable for accurate measurements as part of an experiment External Clock Period This should be set to the period of the external LASER clock Reverse Plot Due to the method of TCSPC measurement where the start and stop events are reversed it is sometimes useful to plot the curves with the TIME axis reversed Selecting this option will reverse the time axis for the plot 19 HRMTime Installation and User Guide Show Time Bins as Bars Selecting this option will result in the graphical output being displayed as histogram bars rather than as a single best fit line as shown in Fig 11 Microtime LSB The smallest bin width is 27ps In some cases it may not be necessary to be this accurate Selecting the LSB of the microtime defines the
3. Once the processing has been stopped the graphs can be analyzed To zoom in hold right mouse button down and size selection box over area of interest To zoom out sweep mouse from right o left with right mouse button held down To measure between points click on graph with right button and left button to position two cursors The position of these two cursors and their X and Y differences will be displayed at the top of the graph see Fig 13 This mode of operation is particularly useful for carrying out preliminary tests to determine the best configuration before carrying out a full experiment using continuous streaming of results to a PC file Streaming TCSPC Time Tags Once the configuration is selected the user can now select a path and file name for saving the data It is recommended that the file name have a suffix of CSV Doing this will allow the file to be easily viewed using a spreadsheet package Once this is done the process can be started by clicking the Start button Clicking the Start button will start the module streaming all time tags to the chosen file until the recording time is reached the maximum event count is reached or the process is manually stopped After the process is stopped the file will be available for viewing Figure 14 shows a section of a typical output file As can be seen in Fig 14 four columns are used to define the tag number channel ID macro time and micro time The example experiment used
4. HRMTime High Resolution Timing Module Installation and User Guide Version 1 0 Contents l GETTING STARTED E 5 UNPACKING THE SYSTEM AND PREPARING FOR USE ccsccccessseccessscccesssseceessseeceesseeceessceccessseecessseeeeessaeeeess 5 SR dee NS DENG SEE 5 SYSTEM INSTALLATION PROCEDURES see son oie ee ie ee ke n ee Gee eke ee Ee ee ee ee Ee Ge ee ad ee 5 II SYSTEM OVERVIE Wie se den de ee oe n ee Ee eg N Ge ee Ee Oe EG ee Ge Ge Ge GO Ge Ge ee ed 6 SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS AND SPECIFICATIONS ccccssccccessscceessseccesssececessseceessseccessseeecesseeceessseecesseeseeaeees 6 EN 6 ET ENE 6 FV 6 Tee 6 CIC iS JER ENE EE 6 Signal Inputs and Outputs rrrnrrrrnvrrrnrrernvrrrnvrrrsnrrrnvrrrnnrrsnvrrrnvrrsnnrrsnnrssnnrrsnnrrsnnrrennrrsnnsrsnnsssnvrrsnnrsennssennssene 7 HRMTIME SENNEP 8 ES ele ADe REN NE EE EO N 8 System Processor and Controller Detailed Description eie ee ee Re Re Re Re Re Re 9 ARV ENE dyDical ADDING ALO MN ss eo de 11 HRMTIME SPECIFIC ell 12 MOGU e ARE Ee N EE OE RE EE 12 FIEO TGSPE with MAGRO IME see des eee 13 FIFO Time Tagging AE EE EE N EE OE EE Ee EE 14 TT INP 15 HISTOGRAM Multiscaler Counting rrrronrrrronvroronvrrrnnvrrnnnrrrnnnnrrrennrrrennrenennrenennrennnnnennnnnsnnnvnsnnnvnssnnsnrnn 16 II SENSL INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT SIE sesse esse sesse ee ees see ee sees see ee ee se ee ee Gee Gee 17 iseer ere ME N RE RE EE AE EE N 17 SETE 2 SE EEE EE 17 EE AE vie RE AE
5. Driver HRM_SetBinCountRegister esse ss sees sesse ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 39 UEL VER USB Count AO RES Naar 40 Redister DES RE 40 Driver HRM SetUSBCountRegister rrrrrornrroonvvenonrrrnrrennnvennnnrsnnrnennnsennnnnsnnnnennnsesnnnnsnanssrnnnnsnnnnsnanssnnsnsnnnsesensne 40 HAS HRM Time status Register EE 40 HEISE DESEIPUDI ae ER ed ee Ge Ee ee se ne ee ee ee ee ei eaS 40 Driver HEM GetstatusRedistef ee Ge Ge EG Eeer 41 PCR Proud Code REE Fv 41 Etzella EE 41 LOM EVE PINE er 41 SAR SONS FOSNES 41 BESETNING 41 OW EE EIERE 41 MIR Modur ID 1 2 5 4 Beoister n EG EG Ee EG aa Reo 41 REDIS ET DES NN NN 41 Driver ARM ee REES TEE 42 WCH Write Count HI ET 42 BEdisiErDESEUDUDIE EE 42 Driver HRM GetWrietounRegislef eie N EE EE ee es be ee Wee Ee EG Oe ee be GE Ve Ee tek 42 WCL Wit Count LO EE 42 Register Description RE EE Se EE 42 Driver HRM GetWriteCountRegister esse ese ees ee es ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 42 Non Register Specific Low Level Drivers 42 Buers HAN JAMMEN Va 42 Driver HRM e En vie sa 43 Priv r ARM REdFFOMENON EE 43 CORRELA TION FUNCTION ALGORITHM ei Ee GE ee EG GE Ge Ge ee Ge N otal Ge ee ne AA HRMTime Installation and User Guide Getting Started Unpacking the System and Preparing for Use Contents of the package HRMTime Module Power Supply with country specific connector USB cable CD containing SensL Integ
6. bit to 0 at any time will immediately put the processor into reset Rmd This bit when set to 1 will start the mode processor The mode of operation is defined by the Md bits Taking this bit to 0 at any time will immediately put the processor into reset Driver HRM SetModeBitsRegister HRM STATUS WINAPI HRM SetModeBitsRegister HANDLE handle USHORT mbrData handle HRMTime module handle mbrData 16 bit value to write to the MBR ESR Edge Sensitivity Register Register Description All start and stop inputs can be programmed to produce an event on either a Ve or Ve transition This register defines the edge sensitivity for each input as follows is ors ors fora ors ovo oos pos 007 pos Joos poa J poa poz oor ooo na Fra sno es ne free se sp2 ews res ew eer ene FPO sno so SP3 SP2 SP1 SPO Set to 1 for start event of corresponding channel on positive edge SN3 SN2 SN1 SNO Set to 1 for start event of corresponding channel on negative edge FP3 FP2 FP1 FPO Set to 1 for end event of corresponding channel on positive edge ENZ FN2 FN1 FNO Set to 1 for end event of corresponding channel on negative edge Note The positive and negative settings must never both be set to 1 Only one edge is allowed To disable an input set both the negative and positive bits to 0 Driver HRM SetEdgeSensitivityRegister HRM STATUS WINAPI HRM SetEdgeSensitivityRegister HANDLE handle USHOR
7. EE Ee EE OE N OE OE Ee EE eN 17 USING THE SENSL INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT GIE 17 MAP e WE OE EE EE EE OE OE EE OO EE OE EE OE 17 Module fa io da Ee E 18 MoOTOGRAM TOOP EEE EN 19 Prodiaminable Uk Over 19 ENN en 19 Ed EE 19 TENNENE 20 Ve fe id Ee ENE ES ER ER EO OE N eto 20 Channel Enable and Edge Selection rrrrrnnrrrnnroronvrrnnvrrrnnvrrenvrrnnnvrrenvrrenvrenennnrennnsnnnvenennrssnnnsnnnvnsennnsnnnssnnvnsennnenene 20 GIN E 21 HISTOGRAM Multiscaler Counter rrrrssnnrvnnssnvrnnsrnnrensssnvrnnssnnnrenssnnrensssnvrnnssnnrnnssnnrensssnvrnnssnnrensssnvenssenne 2 HEGTE SEE Witi MACRO NE 22 Programmable Clock SJU 9 EE 22 PS CONGR NES e e EEE AR 22 re UN Evon C OOR oe EK EEE 22 PP NN 22 FAN 22 Macro and Micro Time Configuration Gelechon ees Re ee ee ee ee ee 22 Channel Enable and Edge SeleeliOM iss sisie Ee kk ies eed ee ii es Ee ss ee ies ese Ee sis eds ie ed 22 PARENT 23 Graphical PiesenE OR ee ER n EG Ge TN 23 Streaming TCSPC Time Tags eie ee ee Re ee ee ee ee ee ee 23 slae il ME ie N N EE OE NE EER ME N 26 Programmable Clock OUER an ee EE ee N Oe N GN OE RE Ge EN Ge N Ne 26 Bretelle te behels oe EG EG EG Ee EG DE ER 27 Mamam E vent C UT EE 27 Te ESB kh 27 Channel Enable and Edge SeleetiOm ese sees AE ENE Ee ek Gn EN ER ee Sk GN ee ge eken ee eN ge ke Nee ge Re ee 27 Be Ege RA EE EE EE EE EE OE EN DT Graphical en E Le EEN 27 Streaming FIFO Time Ee E 27 IV ENN 29 Tager pala RENTENE EEE EE NE 30 SEET
8. HANDLE handle ULONG ucrData handle HRMTime module handle ucrData Number of 32 bit words to be read from the USB high speed interface HRS HRMTime Status Register Register Description Reading this register will report the status of the HRMTime module as follows D15 D14 D13 p12 D11 D10 Do9 oos Do7 Dos os oos Dos To Dot Tom mc fmr2 mrt mro cui Toi o o o o fo ov me Fc Hs TP TP If set to 1 the TCSPC time tag time bin processor is active HS If set to 1 the memory high speed data transfer processor to the USB port will be active FC If set to 1 the FPGA configuration processor is active ME If set to 1 indicates that a TIME TAG memory WRAP ROUND error has occurred OV _ This bit will be cleared when the state machine is reset OV will go to 1 if during processing the 32 bit 5ns resolution macro timer wraps round from maximum back to 0 CH These two bits define the module type 1 2 or 4 channels 40 HRMTime Installation and User Guide MT These three bits define the memory card type size being used EE Om Ce Mbytes 6mbytes EE GE MC If set to 1 only one card of MT type is installed If 0 two cards of MT type are installed Driver HRM GetStatusRegister HRM STATUS WINAPI HRM GetStatusRegister HANDLE handle USHORT srData handle HRM Time module handle srData Pointer for saving current 16 bit HRS value PCR Product Code R
9. This register defines a number of settings for the HRMTime module as follows 015 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 Doe Dos Do7 Dos Dos Do4 Dos Do2 Dot Doo Rmd Mem Nu Ma2 met mao Mu Nu nu Nu Nu Nu Bce Rvd Rvd size Md 2 0 These bits define in which mode the HRMTime module will operate 000 Fill n memory locations with the LFL LFH value The value of n is defined by the MCL MCH registers The start address is defined by the LAL LAH registers 001 Run in TIME TAG with TCSPC mode 010 Run in TIME TAG continuous mode 011 Run in TIME BIN with TCSPC mode 100 Run in TIME BIN continuous mode All other Md combinations are reserved Power up default 000 Size In TIME BIN mode the bin size can be set for 16 bits or 32 bits If Size is set to 1 the bin size will be 16 bits With Size set to 0 the bin size will be 32 bits Note that when the size is 16 bits the memory address defined by the ARR Address Route Register is a 16 bit word address In all other cases the ARR shall define a 32 bit long words address Power up default 1 Rvd Bits reserved Must be set to 1 36 HRMTime Installation and User Guide BCe With this bit set to 1 the BINCNT BCH BCL feature is enabled If this bit is 0 then the effect of the BCH and BCL is disabled Mem This bit when set to 1 will start the high speed USB memory or time tag transfer processor Taking this
10. WR ES EI TT T ee ee N Ee Er VO CONTROL HS USE 2 STOP N EE HRMTime START Photon APD DETECTOR SensL GUI Software PCSTime EXPERIMENT CLOCK LASER T Figure 4 Note Figure 4 shows a typical application setup utilizing a wide range of the HRM Time features In this example the experiment is a TCSPC application where a LASER is stimulated by a clock and the time before a photon is detected is measured The LASER is continually pulsed at a fixed frequency typically S0MHZ The LASER output will affect a setup resulting in a photon arriving at the APD Detector such as the SensL PCSTime PCMPlus or PCDMini It is assumed that the rate of photons arriving at the APD is far less than the rate of the LASER pulses As a photon is not guaranteed for each cycle of the LASER the system will use the photon event as the start of the TCSPC process and a delayed version of the LASER pulse as the stop signal This technique avoids countless dead cycles and simplifies the associated electronics required for recording the events The HRMTime module measures and records the time delay between clock and photon from the experiment and uploads the results in real time to the host computer via the USB interface In some cases the experiment will involve multiple TCSPC curve measurements as the experiment changes the settings of external equipment The programmable VO of the HRMTime module is used to cater for such applica
11. a memory location Time Bin The resolution of the bins and the position of the curve in memory will be defined by the highly flexible Address Routing Module The time tag address counter and VO bits can all be routed to the memory address lines This flexibility allows many TCSPC options from a simple single curve to multiple curves defined by the address counter and external control from the I O port HISTOGRAM TCSPC parameters Min Time Bin Size Max Time Bin Size Max No Time Bins Time Bin Depth Max Count Rate Max Image Size 2 ps 143us 8 388 608 16 MByte memory option 4 194 304 8 MByte memory option 65 536 or 4 294 967 296 4 5Mcps 4096 x 4096 16 MByte memory option 2048 x 4096 8 MByte memory option 15 HRMTime Installation and User Guide HISTOGRAM Multiscaler Counting Ta Tp Td 8 START VG STOP MEMORY BINS UI Note 1 The time to process an event dead time is the same as for TCSPC 190ns However the time measurement modules have a 256 deep FIFO allowing bursts in excess of 100MHz Figure 8 Note In this mode the start signal is a low frequency clock less than 7 MHz The stop signals will be the events Unlike the TCSPC mode the 27ps timing module is not reset after the first event Due to the long clock period it will be possible for the same channel to receive a number of events per clock cycle Hence in this mode the time bins will fill up to plot the occur
12. bin resolution Bit 0 is the highest resolution of 27ps Bit 1 will set the bin width to 54ps 2 x 27 bit 2 will set the bin width to 108ps 4 x 27 and so forth The choice of bin width is application specific Should the experiment not require such accuracy it may be better to select a lower resolution than 27ps This will give the added advantage of allowing a wider time range over the available memory and or more room for multiple curves Channel Enable and Edge Selection These check boxes allow the individual channels to be enabled disabled and the sensitivity of the START STOP inputs to be specified Note Press the Apply changes button to set your selected configuration M Channel 0 0 M Channel 0 1 500 000 Time ps Apply changes e Programmable clock output IV Enable Clock HI ES H ns Clock LO ES ns Histogram configuration External clock period 1000 ns Reverse plot Show time bins as bars Microtime Isb Io s Channel 0 Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Enabled Start on rising edge Start on falling edge Stop on rising edge Stop on falling edge AO RE HIR HIR HIR Fridav Mav 25 2007 Figure 11 20 HRMTime Installation and User Guide Graphical Presentation Once the configuration is selected the configuration page can be removed by clicking on the X tab to display the graph section only see Figure 12 To start processing click on the green right arrow at the top
13. clock This clock is available at an SMA output for test purposes This clock is provided mainly for testing and diagnostics The clock will exhibit a level of jitter that would not be suitable for accurate measurements as part of an experiment Recording Length The recording length should be set to the desired period over which the TCSPC measurements are to be taken Note that the processing will stop prematurely if the Maximum Event Count is reached Maximum Event Count This defines the maximum number of events to be stored before recording stops This value is used to ensure the storage data size does not exceed the capacity of the system External Clock Period This should be set to the period of the external LASER clock Reverse Plot Due to the method of TCSPC measurement where the start and stop events are reversed it is sometimes useful to plot the curves with the TIME axis reversed Selecting this option will reverse the time axis for the plot Macro and Micro Time Configuration Selection These fields allow the user to select the number of MACRO and MICRO bits and resolution to appear in the 32 bit time tag word As bit counts and resolution are changed the resulting roll over times and resolution values will be automatically displayed in the boxes to the right hand side If the user attempts to input an illegal value the relevant text boxes will turn red Channel Enable and Edge Selection These check boxes allow the indivi
14. e Te RE 20 M TT AG EE 30 GraphiGal Present Avo See 30 APPENDIX ee 31 HRMTIME REGISTERS AND LOW LEVEL DLL EUuNMGTIONS ee ee ee 31 male FV Level PENSEL st call 31 DiversHRM ER e NEE 31 Driver HRM Se tConfigurationP EG 31 Driver HRM RefreshConnectedModuleList cece esse ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 31 Driver HAM GetConnectedModuleCount Void esse esse es ee Re ee Re Re Re Re ee ee ee Re ee ee ee ee 31 Driver HRM GetConnechedhModulel Ier 32 Driver HEM EloseModul Lavrans EE 32 ARR Address Route Heger 33 REE PETN 33 Driver HARM SetAddressRouteRegister cccccssccesscssecesscsscecessesscsceseecesscsseecessessesceseeseasceseeseasceseeseeeseasenses 34 DEER DAA ROE ROSE eee 34 Register DESCIOUON SE 34 Driver HRM SetDataRoutehegister ss sesse eise ses sesse eise geed sense os ee sees se ske es ee Bees sone eek Gees sende ees bewe ee ds 35 LAL LAH Load Address LO HI Register Se tee ee ee ee ee ee 35 Redster RT SCIOTO EE 35 Driver ARM SetAddresshedistel issie ER bes Ee beg GR eek Ge RR oge Ee BR akan 35 ERE LER Load Fill Value LOMI TEE 35 Register PEST NON NEE EE 55 Driver HRM SetFillValueRegister sesse esse ee ss ee es ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 35 UAL UAH Load Address LO HI Register esse sesse ee ss ee ses ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 35 REISEN PESO ea 35 Driver HRM SeUSBAddGSSRegisSer ie es se ee reder edelt Ee ee 36 VIB Mode
15. of the page This can be done numerous times to display multiple traces on the same graph Fig 11 shows the result of a simple TCSPC experiment The right hand side of the display shows the traces In this case two traces are displayed both from channel These traces can be saved to file or cleared by selecting them with the relevant checkbox and using the save and clear buttons Once the processing has been stopped the graph can be analyzed To zoom in hold right mouse button down and size selection box over area of interest To zoom out sweep mouse from right to left with right mouse button held down To measure between points click on the graph with right button and left button to position the two cursors The position of these two cursors and their X and Y differences will be displayed at the top of the graph see Fig 12 BER File Help lo Te Devices N om Time bins LA WO EI Trace bat xx NG TE 2 HRMTime X 504522 000 Y 00258 000 X 504684 000 Y 00048 000 dX 00162 000 dY 00210 000 4 500 000 4 000 000 3 500 000 3 000 000 2 500 000 2 000 000 1 500 000 1 000 000 504 500 504 750 505 000 505 250 505 500 505 750 506 000 506 25 Time ps Figure 12 21 HRMTime Installation and User Guide HISTOGRAM Multiscaler Counter When in this mode the configuration setup and operation is identical to the HISTOGRAM TCSPC mode In TCSPC mode the system repeatedly plots the ti
16. time TIME START STOP aar t Tt Tt Tt MICRO Time TPSPC time Te MACRO Time Time tag Minimum Start or Stop input pulse width Minimum time to process event dead time MICRO Time resolution LSB MACRO Time resolution LSB Minimim time from Start to Stop Figure 5 Note In this mode the start of each channel will be the event and the stop will be a delayed version of the LASER clock On receipt of an event the time tag will be read and the MICRO time will be immediately reset The reset will clear the channel ready for the next event All subsequent stop pulses will be ignored until a new start pulse arrives Each time stamp will be a 32 bit word describing the TCSPC time micro time Tt and the value of a free running clock defining the time within the experiment macro time Tc Due to the highly flexible Data Routing Module the resolution and number of bits for the micro time macro time and channel ID bits is selectable using the USB selection registers When this process begins 32 bit time tags will be inserted into the shared memory The memory will be configured as a large FIFO interfacing to the USB interface Suitable handshake signals are implemented allowing continuous transfer of time tags from the FIFO to the PC via the USB port With counts of up to 4 5MHz this process can run indefinitely without loss of data sa HRMTime Installation and User Guide FIFO Time Tagging TIME
17. 5787135C X 00000 000 dX 157871350 Show cursors Hu annotations Keep current 10 0 94 08 071 06 054 041 031 024 Enabled Start on rising edge Start on falling edge Stop on rising edge Stop on falling edge 100 000 000 200 000 000 300 000 000 400 000 000 500 000 000 600 000 000 700 000 000 Time ns Configuration X Apply changes v Programmable clock output IV Enable Clock HI 500 ns Clock LO 500 ns e FIFO time tagging configuration Recording length 10000 ms Maximum event count Timer lsb o Timer resolution ps Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4 Figure 15 Programmable Clock Output The Programmable Clock Output is made available for all modes and is used to set the frequency and duty cycle of the internal programmable clock This clock is available an SMA output for test purposes This clock is provided for testing and diagnostics only The clock will exhibit a level of jitter that would not be suitable for accurate measurements as part of an experiment 96 HRMTime Installation and User Guide Recording Length The recording length should be set to the desired period over which the TCSPC measurements are to be taken Maximum Event Count This defines the maximum number of events to be stored before recording stops This value is used to ensure the storage data size does not exceed the capacity of the system Time LSB This is used to select the resol
18. BIS Register ed AG es EE ke 36 Register RT le e se 36 Driver HRM SetModeBitsRegister esse ss sees ee es ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 37 ESR Edge Sensitivity RET 37 Redster PENN 37 Driver HRM SetEdgeSensitivityRegister rrrnrrronrrronvrrronrrronvrrrnnrrrenvrrnnvrrnnnverenvrrnnnrrnenvrrennnsnsnrenenvrsennnsnsnssnnnnee 37 RRR Routing Reset Heotstier EE 37 Register besta eee ee ee 37 Driver HRM SetRoutingResetRegister rmrrrrrrrnnrrrnnvrronnrrnnnrrrnnvrronnrennnvrrennrrnnnrerenvnsennrrnnnnesennnsennresenvnsennnssnsnsennsee 38 MCL MCH Memory Count LO HI Register 0 cece cccccccsecesssecesecceseecesseecesseeeesseeceseecesseeeesseeeeees 38 Register DOSCMOLION WEE 38 Driver HRM SetMemoryCountRegister 0 0 0 sesse esse ee ss ee es ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 38 FSR Frequency Select Register iese ese N oi ee ed eo ee ee oe Re Ee 38 ee NENNE 38 Driver HRM SetFrequencySelectionRegister rrrrrrrnnrrrnnvrranvrrnnnrrnanvrrenvrennnrrrenvrrnnnrennnvrrenvnsnsnverensnsennnsnnnvenensee 38 IDR 1 0 Direction REgIStEN EE 38 Register Pest Sen 38 Driver HRM SetlODirectionRegister rrrrrranvrrnnnrrronvrrnnvrrnnnvrnenvrrnnnrenenvrrennrsnnnverensrsennrennvesennnsnnnsenenssnnnsessnsnsannnee 39 NR VO Value REISE Javed aa 39 Regter PESO 39 Driver HRM SetlOValteRegister eege 39 BGE BCH Bin Count LO AI Register vaskekte enl 39 Register DES NNN 39
19. Installation and User Guide EI Microsoft Excel D D I File Edit View Insert Format Tools Data W DOediasalsadli aa S A 0 197 18712 1 0 397 18713 2 0 597 18713 3 0 97 16 14 4 0 997 187 14 5 0 1197 18714 6 U 1397 168 12 D 0 1597 18 714 8 0 1797 18712 9 0 1997 18710 10 0 2197 16 12 11 0 23597 18711 12 0 2597 18709 13 0 2797 18711 14 O 2997 16710 15 U 3197 18708 16 0 3397 18712 17 0 3597 18712 16 U 3797 16709 19 0 3997 18708 20 0 4197 18713 21 0 43597 16 11 22 0 4597 16710 23 0 4797 18713 24 0 4997 18712 25 0 5197 18711 26 D 5397 18712 27 0 5597 18710 28 0 5797 18709 29 0 5997 18712 30 0 6197 18714 31 0 6397 18710 Figure 14 25 1 Tag Channel Macro tag Micro tag HRMTime Installation and User Guide FIFO Time Tags This page is used to continuously stream time tags of events after a singe start pulse is received Once the configuration is selected the user can start the module recording The module will wait for the first single start pulse and then start recording every stop event until the recording time is reached the maximum event count is reached or the process is manually stopped In this mode there is no TCSPC The first start pulse will begin recording All following stop events will be stamped and saved Any following start pulses during the process will be ignored Hence all events after the initial start signal can be saved indefinitely SensL Integrated Environment E EIE X 1
20. M_ReadMemory HRM_STATUS WINAPI HRM_ReadMemory HANDLE handle USHORT modeMask ULONG addr ULONG len BYTE buf Read a block of data from a given location in memory handle HRMTime module handle modeMask Mask to define desired state of mode register bits when executing the function addr 32 bit starting address len Number of 32 bit locations to read buf Pointer to buffer for storing the data Driver HRM_ReadFlFOMemory HRM STATUS WINAPI HRM ReadFIFOMemory HANDLE handle USHORT modeMask ULONG addr ULONG len BYTE buf Read a block of data from a given location in memory when card is operating in FIFO mode handle HRMTime module handle modeMask Mask to define desired state of mode register bits when executing the function addr 32 bit starting address len Number of 32 bit locations to read buf Pointer to buffer for storing the data 43 HRMTime Installation and User Guide Correlation Function Algorithm In correlation mode the system will carry out a single sweep of software bins with all the bins initially set to 0 On completion the system will calculate the correlation between two inputs cross correlation or correlation on a single input auto correlation and save the result The number of time bins to be used for the calculation and the resolution of the bin is programmable The results will comprise of a number of values equal to the number of time bins used for the calculation The position of each va
21. Stop 3 MEMORY dam DATA 8 or 16 Mbytes CONTROL Figure 2 The HRMTime system consists of 4 time to digital modules 16 VO ports a high speed USB interface memory storage and an FPGA based processor The purpose of each element is explained below Memory The memory module is an HRMTime format plug in mezzanine board providing 8 or 16 Mbytes of memory Time to Digital Converter Module This module is the front end of the system and is responsible for resolving the timing between the start and stop inputs of each of up to four channels Each channel is controlled by the FPGA and can be programmed to start and stop on either LO HI or HI LO transitions High Speed USB 2 0 Interface The USB interface is used to command configure the HRMTime as well as download in real time time tag data to the host computer This USB interface implements high speed USB 2 0 protocol allowing real time continuous logging of time tag data up to rates of 4 5MHz without data loss 16 Bit General Purpose I O Port This general purpose I O port is used to allow multi dimensional curve readings The position of curve data within the system memory can be defined by these ports These ports can be set directly by outside control lines inputs or by software to drive outside equipment outputs WR HRMTime Installation and User Guide System Processor and Controller The System Processor Controller is responsible for implementing all the
22. T esrData handle HRMTime module handle esrData 16 bit value to write to the ESR RRR Routing Reset Register Register Description A write to this register Resets the ARR and DRR registers ready for programming Clears the WCH and WCL registers Clears the Memory Wrap Error bit in the status register s37 HRMTime Installation and User Guide Driver HRM SetRoutingResetRegister HRM STATUS WINAPI HRM SetRoutingResetRegister HANDLE handle USHORT rrrData handle HRMTime module handle rrrData Don t care MCL MCH Memory Count LO HI Register Register Description When the system is commanded to initialize the memory these registers will define the block size of 32 bit memory locations to be written to with the value defined by the Load Fill Value registers When the system is put into Time Tag or TCSPC Time Tag mode these registers will define the number of 32 bit memory locations to be stored as time tag data before halting If these registers are set to 0 the time tag processor will run until commanded to stop by resetting the state machine For further details see MBR Md bits 000 Driver HRM SetMemoryCountRegister HRM STATUS WINAPI HRM SetMemoryCountRegister HANDLE handle ULONG mcrData handle HRM Time module handle mcrData Number of 32 bit locations to process FSR Frequency Select Register Register Description In certain experiments it may be required for the host computer to control the 16 bi
23. any Data Option Bit bit to be placed in any position within the 32 bit time tag Before programming the DRR the user must first assert an RRR Route Register Reset command to initialize the system Once this is done the DRR is then programmed by sending 32 consecutive writes Starting with DO each write defines the bit number of the Data Option Bits to be routed to that particular data bit within the time tag The Data Option Bits are as follows DOB 24 0 TagData DOB 56 25 Macro Counter DOB 57 Fix to logic 0 TagData This is the time tag data as received by the Pico Second Timing Interface Bits 23 24 define the channel the time tag was received on 00 01 10 or 11 The bits 22 down to 0 define the time with bit 0 being the LSB LSB 26 9851ps Macro Counter When time tag recording the user may along with the TCSPC time wish to record the chronological time that the event occurred 32 bit Macro Time Counter is made available that is cleared at the start of time tag processing and will increment every 5ns The user can select a range of these bits to provide a macro time to time stamp each time tag Example WRITE 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 23 24 34 HRMTime Installation and User Guide This would set up the time tag as follows D 7 0 TCSPG time LSB 26 9851ps D 29 8 22 bit Macro time with LSB resolution of 5ns D 31 30 2 bit channel co
24. cument System Requirements The computer used for the SensL Integrated Environment requires the following minimum configuration e Windows XP SP2 operating system e 1 GByte of RAM e Atleast one spare High Speed USB 2 0 port e NET Framework installed included e JAVA runtime environment installed included e Microsoft Visual C runtime components included Installation e Insert the SensL Integrated Environment installation CD e Use your browser to select and run sie2installer exe e Follow the installation program instructions e After installation is complete copy the FEATURES FILE provided for your module into the same directory as the SIE executable file Using the SensL Integrated Environment SIE Main Page When the SIE software is launched it will search the USB for available HRMTime modules and initialize them ready for use Once this has been carried out the main SIE page will appear as shown in Figure 9 A list of available devices will appear To inspect and select the various operating modes available right click on the module name and then select the particular mode you require see Fig 9 a7 HRMTime Installation and User Guide SensL Integrated Environment E EX File Help pg FIFO time tagging Histogram TCSPC Histogram Multiscaler Counter FIFO TCSPC w Macro time Correlation Module information Figure 9 Module Information This page display
25. cumulative error occurring over long periods of time All other bit precisions should be calculated using this value Therefore the precision of bit 1 is 53 9702ps 2 x 26 9851 and so on EI Microsoft Excel D BI File Edit View Insert Format Tools Data Window Help TT HE EE EC 4i wee d Gi OD sd Hy HA Pe Reply with Changes EndF Tag Channel Macrotime Microtime 0 0 16714 1 0 0 55771 2 0 0 92625 3 0 0 129877 4 0 0 166931 5 0 0 203985 6 0 0 241040 T 0 0 278093 0 0 315146 d 0 0 352200 10 0 0 389252 11 0 0 426302 1 0 0 463356 13 0 0 500412 14 0 537464 15 0 0 574515 16 0 0 611567 17 0 0 648620 18 0 0 655669 19 0 0 122125 20 0 0 159776 21 0 0 796829 22 0 0 833679 23 0 0 670932 24 0 0 907984 25 0 0 945040 26 0 0 982069 2T 0 0 1019144 20 0 0 1056196 29 0 0 1093249 30 0 0 1130301 31 0 0 1167356 Figure 16 Example If the MACRO time value is 28 and the MICRO time is 11232 with a resolution of 27ps 26 9851ps then the absolute time of the tag from the start pulse is 28 5308416 11232 x 26 9851ps 4011250921ps Note 5308416 Hex 510000 The example experiment used the test waveform set to 1MHz with a 50 duty cycle This signal was fed directly into both the start and stop inputs of channel 0 The start was set to trigger on the LO HI transition and the stop was set o trigger on the HI LO transition As can be seen in Fig 16 the MICRO times are typically increasing by 37054 counts With a resolu
26. d using a spreadsheet package Once this is done the process can be started by clicking the Start button Clicking the Start button will start the module streaming all time tags to the chosen file until the recording time is reached the maximum event count is reached or the process is manually stopped In this mode there is no TCSPC The first start pulse will begin recording All following stop events will be stamped and saved in the target PC file Any following start pulses during the process will be ignored Hence all events after the initial start signal can be saved to file indefinitely After the process is stopped the file will be available for viewing Figure 16 shows a section of a typical output file As can be seen in Fig 16 four columns are used to define the tag number channel ID macro time and micro time The time tag for this mode consists of 2 x 32 bit words The first word is a micro time that has a resolution down to 27ps This timer will roll over at the count of 5308415 Hex 50FFFF The MACRO counter is a count of how many times the MICRO counter has rolled over 97 HRMTime Installation and User Guide Note The LSB value of 27ps is not an exact value This value is a simplified rounded up value that is suitable for all other modes The true LSB value is 26 9851ps As this mode involves the continuous running of the MICRO clock for very long periods it is recommended that the value of 26 9851 be used to avoid a
27. de 00 01 10 11 for channels 0 to 3 Driver HRM SetDataRouteRegister HRM STATUS WINAPI HRM SetDataRouteRegister HANDLE handle BYTE drrData handle HRMTime module handle drrData Array of bytes to write to the data route register LAL LAH Load Address LO HI Register Register Description These two registers are used to initialize the Address Counter see ARR register to a pre defined value The order of loading the initialization address must be LAL followed by LAH The LAL command will define the least significant 16 bits A15 down to AO of the counter The least significant 11 bits of the LAH command will define counter bits A26 down to A16 On completion of the LAH command the Address Register will be loaded with the new value Driver HRM SetAddressRegister HRM_STATUS WINAPI HRM_SetAddressRegister HANDLE handle ULONG arData handle HRMTime module handle arData 32 bit address to set LAH LAL to LFL LFH Load Fill Value LO HI Register Register Description The user can command the HRMTime module to fill a range of memory with a given value The value used for this command is defined using these 2 commands The initialization value is a 32 bit value The most significant 16 bits is defined by LFH and the least significant 16 bits is defined bits LFL Driver HRM_SetFillValueRegister HRM_STATUS WINAPI HRM_SetFillValueRegister HANDLE handle ULONG fvrData handle HRMTime module handle arData 32 bit value t
28. dual channels to be enabled disabled and the START STOP inputs sensitivity to be specified Note Press Apply changes button to set your selected configuration DD HRMTime Installation and User Guide Data Recording Once the configuration is selected the mode is now ready for recoding data In FIFO TCSPC mode two forms of data recording are available Graphical Presentation and Streaming TCSPC Time Tags Graphical Presentation In this mode recording is carried out at the module until the recording length or the maximum event count is reached To start processing click on the green right arrow at the top of the page Figure 13 shows the result of a simple experiment The right hand side of the display will show which channels are active In this example only channel 0 is active After starting the experiment the module will run for the Recording Length or until the memory is full Once the process has stopped the top graph will display a plot of the event frequency over time The user can now use the cursors to select a time period of the top graph When this is done the software will automatically plot the TCSPC curve for the time tags over that particular period The user can at any time save these curves and run the experiment again Fig 13 shows an example of this mode of operation The user can for each run save a particular TCSPC curve or set of curves and compare it with other curves at different MACRO time ranges and or runs
29. e time tag was received 00 01 10 or 11 The bits 22 down to 0 define the time with bit 0 being the LSB LSB 26 9851ps Address Counter These bits provide a 27 bit counter that can be routed to the address bus This counter can be pre loaded with a given value After each write to memory this counter will be automatically incremented This counter would be most used when the system is in time tag mode Here the system reads time tags and stores them in consecutive locations in memory These bits are also available to be used in Time bin mode However in this case the address is not incremented Instead the address counter bits are used purely as an offset address in memory for saving curves 16 Bit VO Data The value of the 16 I O data bits can be routed to any address line This would be useful for plotting X Y curves For example the I O could be used as 8 bit X and 8 bit Y inputs allowing a 256 x 256 array of curves to be plotted Pixel Counter Line Counter The 16 bit VO method of X Y plotting is limited to 256 x 256 arrays An alternative method that allows larger arrays is to use 2 discrete inputs to clock counters that in turn can be used as the address in memory The HRMTime module provides a 12 bit Pixel Counter and a 12 bit Line Counter The Pixel Counter is incremented by clock inputs to IODATA 0 and the line counter is incremented by clock inputs to IODATA 1 If these bits are routed to the address lines then the user can co
30. egister Register Description Reading from this register will report the PRODUCT code The LS byte will report the product ID and the MS byte defines any variants from the standard product For a standard HRMTime module this value should read 0x0001 Low Level Driver HRM STATUS WINAPI HRM_GetProductCodeRegister HANDLE handle USHORT pcrData handle HRMTime module handle pcrData Pointer for saving current 16 bit PCR value SRR Software Revision Register Register Description Reading from this register will report the current rev of the FPGA code Low Level Driver HRM STATUS WINAPI HRM GetSoftwareRevisionRegister HANDLE handle USHORT srrData handle HRM Time module handle srrData Pointer for saving current 16 bit SRR value 41 HRMTime Installation and User Guide MIR Module ID 1 2 3 4 Register Register Description Reading from these four registers will report the contents of the on board serial ID chip The contents of the serial ID chip is comprised of 64 bits The MSB of ID 1 will be the first bit returned from the ID chip The LSB of ID 4 will be the last bit returned from the ID chip Driver HRM ModulelDRegister HRM STATUS WINAPI HRM ModulelDRegister HANDLE handle BYTE midData handle HRMTime module handle midData Pointer for saving text string of the HRMTime module ID WCH Write Count HI Register Register Description When operating in time tag mode this register will contain the n
31. elect is restricted to a maximum of two channels single channel selected will result in auto correlation on that input Two channels will result in cross correlation on the two channels Further correlation specific settings are as follows Target Data Set Use these two mutually exclusive radio buttons to select correlation on the MICRO TCSPC or MACRO time Bin Size Resolution This setting determines the bin size to be used for the correlation function Increasing this value will direct the correlation function to group greater numbers of consecutive time tags into software bins These bins are then used for phase sweeping the streams to create the correlation curve Maximum Lag This defines the maximum number of bins to be used for carrying out the correlation algorithm Graphical Presentation Once the configuration is selected the mode is now ready for recording data In this mode recording is carried out at the module until the recording length or the maximum event count is reached To start processing click on the green right arrow at the top of the page After starting the experiment the module will run for the Recording Length the maximum event count is reached or until the memory is full Once the process has stopped the top graph will display a plot of the event frequency over time The bottom graph will display the correlation curve as specified by the configuration parameters For details of the correlation algorithm see
32. functionality of the HRMTime module This module decodes commands from the USB and executes the time bin or time tag function accordingly All results are saved in memory as time bins for curve measurements or time tags for continuous recording In this latter mode the memory is configured as a large FIFO to allow continuous downloading of time tag data up to rates of 4 5MHz System Processor and Controller Detailed Description 16 BIT I O Address Router Module Command Time bin and 4x 66ps Time Tag TIMING USB 2 0 Controller MODULES DMA to USB Data Router fast transfer Module interface MEMORY INTERFACE mm O PORTS demm TIME TAG DATA Dual port memory arbiter CONTROL Figure 3 Command Interpreter This module is responsible for receiving a set of commands from the host computer and controlling the system accordingly HRM Time is a fully programmable system with a wide range of parameters that can be user defined The Command Interpreter is responsible for setting these parameters and starting the execution of a particular task DMA to USB Fast Transfer Interface The system memory is dual ported between the USB and the Time Bin Time Tag controller This module controls the reading of data from memory to the USB interface by means of high speed DMA block transfers The Command Interpreter initializes this module with a start address and block data count When commanded to start this module interfaces with
33. ister HANDLE handle USHORT iodrData handle HRMTime module handle iodrData Value to write to the IDR IVR VO Value Register Register Description Writing to this register sets any VO bit enabled as an output to the value of its corresponding bit Driver HRM SetlOValueRegister HRM STATUS WINAPI HRM SetlOValueRegister HANDLE handle USHORT iovrData handle HRMTime module handle iovrData Value to write to the IVR BCL BCH Bin Count LO HI Register Register Description These registers define the maximum number bins that can occur during the period of the TCSPC clock This count can be calculated as Bin Count MOD Clock Period Resolution 1 Resolution 26 9851ps The Bin Count is a 23 bit number BCL defines the least significant 16 bits and BCH defines the most significant 7 bits It is important that this value is correctly set for both Time Binning and Time Tagging Note This feature is disabled if bit 6 of the mode register is clear Driver HRM SetBinCountRegister HRM_STATUS WINAPI HRM_SetBinCountRegister HANDLE handle ULONG bcrData handle HRMTime module handle bcrData 32 bit value to write to the BCH BCL registers 39 HRMTime Installation and User Guide UCL UCH USB Count HI LO Register Register Description These registers define the number of 32 bit words to be read from the USB high speed interface Driver HRM SetUSBCountRegister HRM STATUS WINAPI HRM SetUSBCountRegister
34. lue represents the level of phase shift between the input streams The first value corresponds to a shift of 0 the second a shift of T etc where T is the resolution of the time bin The value of each result represents the level of correlation at that particular phase Cross Auto correlation is a standard method of estimating the degree to which two series are correlated Consider two series x i and y i where i 0 1 2 N 1 The cross correlation r at delay d is defined as 2 10 y i d m Ee EWE Where mx and my are the means of the corresponding series If the above is computed for all delays d 0 1 2 N 1 then it results in a cross correlation series of twice the length as the original series AE y i d m er REG There is the issue of what to do when the index into the series is less than 0 or greater than or equal to the number of points i d lt 0 or i d gt N The most common approaches are to either ignore these points or assuming the series x and y are zero for i lt 0 and i gt N In many signal processing applications the series is assumed to be circular in which case the out of range indexes are wrapped back within range ie x 1 x N 1 x N 5 x 5 etc The range of delays d and thus the length of the cross correlation series can be less than N for example the aim may be to test correlation at short delays only The denominator in the expression above serves to normalize the correlation coefficient
35. me of the first event after a LASER pulse In Multiscaler Counter mode the operation is very different The start event is a slow clock of less than 7MHz The system records and saves all stop events in their respective time bins Each start event will reset the timer and a new set of stop events will be added to the existing array of time bins This process will result in a histogram being built up of all the events following the start This is particularly useful for plotting pulse shapes decay curves etc FIFO TCSPC with MACRO time When this page is launched the top half will display a graph page Left click on this graph to reveal the configuration settings The size of the configuration and graph area can be adjusted by dragging the partition to suite This page is a graphical demonstration of the TCSPC with MACRO time feature of the HRMTime module The HRMTime allows the user to carry out TCSPC and save time tags These time tags consist of the TCSPC measurement plus a MACRO time defining at what time during the experiment the measurement was made For normal operation this feature would use data streaming that would allow the user to continually record time tags indefinitely to a PC file This mode of the SIE records for a given period or until the HRMTime memory is full Programmable Clock Output The Programmable Clock Output is made available for all modes and is used to set the frequency and duty cycle of the internal programmable
36. mmand the HRMTime E HRMTime Installation and User Guide module to move from one curve to the next by clocking the IODAT 0 and IOADAT 1 lines This would allow arrays of up to 4096 x 4096 Fix to logic 0 Selecting this bit will drive the particular address line low This is used for driving the chip select line of a single memory card If two memory cards are used then the chip select should be an address counter bit Example WRITE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 This would set up the system recording 4 curves one from each channel Each curve would consist of 256 bins 8 bits with a bin size of 60ps This reduced resolution is due to bit 1 second bit of the time tag being routed to address bit 0 The channel bits 23 24 will move each channel event to a different curve The base start address of these curves will be defined by the pre programmed value of the Address Counter Driver HRM SetAddressRouteRegister HRM STATUS WINAPI HRM SetAddressRouteRegister HANDLE handle BYTE arrData handle HRM Time module handle arrData Array of bytes to write to the address route register DRR Data Route Register Register Description When the HRM Time system is in time tag mode it will continually save time stamps to memory Each time stamp will always be 32 bits however the format of the time stamp is programmable using the DRR To allow maximum flexibility the DRR register can define
37. nt void This function is used to determine how many HRMTime modules are currently connected to the USB bus EC HRMTime Installation and User Guide Driver HRM GetConnectedModuleList HRM API void WINAPI HRM GetConnectedModuleList HANDLE handleList handleList Pointer to array of HRM Time handles for initialization This function initializes an array of HRMTime handles to allow communication with all HRM Time modules present on the USB bus The size of the array must be greater or equal to the number of modules detected using the function HRM GetConnectedModuleCount Driver HRM_CloseModule HRM STATUS WINAPI HRM CloseModule HANDLE handle On completion of the application this function must be called to release the handle and close the session Example Int moduleCount HANDLE handleArr 20 HRM_RefreshConnectedModuleList moduleCount HRM GetConnectedModuleCount if moduleCount HRM GetConnectedModuleList handleArr APPLICATION CODE HERE else printf No HRMTime modules detected In this example the APPLICATION CODE can address up to moduleCount HRMTime modules Now that communication with the module has been established the configuration registers can be programmed using the associated low level driver BY HRMTime Installation and User Guide ARR Address Route Register Register Description The method of time binning is based on using the received time tag data and discrete I O inputs t
38. o form the address in memory for time bin processing In its simplest form a time tag could be used as the address bus so that each time bin is separated by the resolution of the least significant bit On receipt of a time tag the system outputs the time tag as an address and then increments that location time bin In the HRMTime system further data bits are included in the address selection to allow multiple curve plotting based on multiple channel inputs and discrete inputs for X Y array plotting To allow maximum flexibility the AAR register can define any bit to be placed in any position within the address bus for the shared memory Understanding the ARR is critical as it is the controller that defines the resolution curve count and array size of all measurements Before programming the ARR the user must first assert an RRR Route Register Reset command to initialize the system Once this is done the ARR is then programmed by sending 27 consecutive writes The address bus of the memory is 27 bits A26 A0 Starting with AO each write defines the bit number of the Address Option Bits to be routed to that particular address bit The Address Option Bits are as follows AOB 24 0 TagData AOB 51 25 Address Counter AOB 67 52 16 bit VO Data AOB 79 68 Pixel Counter AOB 91 80 Line Counter AOB 92 Fix to logic 0 TagData This is the time tag data as received by the Pico Second Timing Interface Bits 23 24 define on which channel th
39. o set LFH LFL to UAL UAH Load Address LO HI Register Register Description These two registers are used to initialize the USB address counter The block DMA transfers from memory to the USB start at the address defined by these two commands On completion of each USB transfer the USB address counter is automatically incremented This address is a 32 bit long word address All USB block transfers are carried out in long words 4 bytes at a time The order of loading the initialization address must be UAL followed by UAH The UAL command will define the least significant 16 bits A15 down to AO of the counter The least significant 10 bits of the UAH command will 35 HRMTime Installation and User Guide define counter bits A25 down to A16 On completion of the UAH command the Address Register will be loaded with the new value UAL D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 Dos Doe Do7 Doe Dos Do4 Dos Do2 Do1 Doo A15 Ara fara a12 art ato ao as a7 as as aa as a2 ar j ao UAH D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 Doe Dos Do7 Doe Dos Do4 Dos Do2 Dot Doo Mu Nu Nu nu Nu Nu a2s a24 a23 a22 a21 a20 a19 a18 Atlas Driver HRM SetUSBAddressRegister HRM STATUS WINAPI HRM SetUSBAddressRegister HANDLE handle ULONG uarData handle HRMTime module handle uarData 32 bit address to set UAH UAL to MBR Mode Bits Register Register Description
40. orysize S Dual ported linear or dual ported FIFO mode dependent Fully dual ported memory no stop start operation required SensL Integrated Environment SIE and DLL drivers PC Interface gt PC Interface High speed USB 2 0 NOTES 1 Values dependent on memory size option 2 Useful count rate is maximum count rate without loss of greater than 50 26 Signal Inputs and Outputs HRMTime Installation and User Guide PAST IOTI1MUONUWP gt Figure 1 Channel 0 Start Input Channel 0 Stop Input Channel 1 Start Input Channel 1 Stop Input Channel 2 Start Input Channel 2 Stop Input Channel 3 Start Input Channel 3 Stop Input USB connector SMA TTL SMA TTL SMA TTL SMA TTL SMA TTL SMA TTL SMA TTL SMA TTL Fm mn mn am En SE mn LEMO power supply connector for SensL PSU use only 26 way UO port connector Programmable Clock output SMA TTL 50 ohm Note The picture shows housing for a four channel HRMTime module HRMTime Installation and User Guide HRMTime SYSTEM DESGRIPTION Block Diagram Time To Digital Start 0 Converter Module HIGH SPEED 2 0 i 66ps resolution Stop 0 USB INTERFACE h Time To Digital Start 1 Converter Module SYSTEM 66ps resolution Stop 1 PROCESSOR AND CONTROLLER FPGA Time To Digital Start 2 JET Converter Module 66ps resolution p Stop 2 16 BIT GENERAL PURPOSE I O PORT LYTTL Time To Digital Start 3 Converter Module 66ps resolution
41. ponding time bins incremented The next following start input will reset the timer and the following events processed again This is repeated to build up a histogram in memory showing the distribution of stop events following a start input FIFO FIFO modes continually record the timing of events and save the results in consecutive locations in memory When the last location in memory is filled if not commanded to stop the module continues to record data starting at the beginning of memory again The host PC via the USB interface keeps up in time with the module reading the data from memory to a file in the host computer Hence the memory can be regarded as a very large FIFO Providing the host PC can keep up with the module timing data can be recorded indefinitely Within the FIFO category there are two distinct modes of operation TCSPC with MACRO time and Time Tagging TCSPC with MACRO time In this mode the module carries out the TCSPC process as described previously However along with the TCSPC measurement the information stored in the FIFO also has a MACRO time that defines what time during the experiment the TCSPC measurement was made Time Tagging In Time Tagging mode the process is started with a single start pulse The module will then fill the memory with time tags defining the time of each stop event with relation to the initial single start pulse ee HRMTime Installation and User Guide FIFO TCSPC with MACRO
42. rated Environment SIE software and User Guide this document Unpack the contents and identify each of the components Safety Considerations d 2 Only use the power supply supplied with the HRMTime module The power supply should be disconnected from the mains supply when the module is not in use The module is not intended for outdoor use The power supply should not be opened nor should the module covers be removed at any time as there are no user adjustable components or settings except via the SensL Integrated Environment Software Liquids should not be spilled on or into the module System Installation Procedures For software driver and SensL Integrated Environment installation instructions see the SIE User Guide in Section III of this document HRMTime Installation and User Guide ll System Overview System Characteristics and Specifications Dimensions 164mm L x 96mm W x 34 mm H Weight 680g Power 5v 0 65 A Temperature Operating 0 C to 50 C Storage 20 C to 70 Specifications 1 to 4 194 304 or 1 to 8 388 608 see Note 1 1 to 4 194 304 or 1 to 8 388 608 see Note 1 LVTTL 0 83 65 535 or 4 294 967 295 bits 16 or 32 bits Useable count rate 9MHz see Note 2 Burst rate timing Up to 100MHz Mode dependent Memory size 8Mbytes or 16Mbytes see Note 1 Deadtime S Saturated count rate Useable count rate gt Burstratetiming Macro Timing resolution Mem
43. rence of events over the period of the clock cycle Each new start signal will reset the 27ps timing module This allows the system to build up a plot of all the events within the start pulse cycle Once again the flexibility of the Address Routing Register provides a wide range of options from single to multiple curves HISTOGRAM Multiscaler Counting Parameters Min Time Bin Size 27ps Max Time Bin Size 148us Max No Time Bins 8 388 608 16 MByte memory option 4 194 304 8 MByte memory option Time Bin Depth 65 536 or 4 294 967 296 Max Count Rate 4 5Mcps Max Image Size 4096 x 4096 16 MByte memory option 2048 x 4096 8 MByte memory option JE HRMTime Installation and User Guide Ill SensL Integrated Environment SIE Introduction The SIE is a user interface for setting up and controlling the HRMTime module While the interface provides an extensive range of operating modes and measurement processes including graphical presentation it does not fully cover all features available in the HRMTime module The SIE communicates with the module via a low level DLL This DLL has been designed to provide a set of functions that will allow full control of the HRMTime for all features For complex experiments that require control beyond the scope of the SIE it is expected that the user will write their own real time application utilizing the various function in this DLL For details of the DLL functions see the Appendix in this do
44. s such that 1 lt r d lt 1 the bounds indicating maximum correlation and 0 indicating no correlation A high negative correlation indicates a high correlation but of the inverse of one of the series 44
45. s the configuration information unique to this module This information includes the module ID number memory options and the various features enabled for the module This page also allows the user to upgrade the internal FPGA image To upgrade the FPGA image the user must first click on the Update FPGA button This will launch the Update Wizard as shown in Figure 10 Use the Browse button to find the RPD file for upgrading Finally click the Update Device button to start the upgrade WARNING USB communication must be maintained during this process Do NOT disconnect the USB cable during the update Updating the FPGA should only be carried out if you are instructed to do so by SensL This procedure requires a valid RPD file as provided by SensL Failure to carry out this process correctly may render the module inoperable resulting in the need to return it to SensL for reconfiguration 18 HRMTime Installation and User Guide Sensl Integrated Environment sa T Fie Help Loi Ig Devices 8 N P ETE EE N SEN dei HRMTime Module type ramme Module serial number 000000 SSS FPGA revision number Fygne EE EE Ee ee Installed memory size ae 0 Number of memory cards HE Number of channels EE 0 39 Enabled features Histogram TCSPC Histogram Multiscaler Ee x FIFO Time Tagging HRMTime FPGA Update x Resolution 27ps HRMTime FPGA Update Wizard Update FPGA Configuration file fl Browse BEE Update device
46. t I O as outputs These outputs can be used to control the movement of external equipment such as a microscope In this case it may be desirable to use an internally generated clock for both the LASER and the stop inputs for the TCSPC process The HRMTime module provides a programmable frequency output that can be used for this purpose This register defines the number of 5ns cycles required to complete the HI and LO parts of the cycle The most significant 8 bits of the FSR defines the HI time and the least significant 8 bits defines the LO time However there is an offset of 1 such that Setting this value to 0x0000 would result in an output waveform 5ns low followed by 5ns high Setting this value to 0x0309 would result in an output waveform 20ns HI 50ns LO Driver HRM_SetFrequencySelectionRegister HRM STATUS WINAPI HRM SetFreguencySelectionRegister HANDLE handle USHORT fsrData handle HRMTime module handle fsrData Value to write to the FSR IDR VO Direction Register Register Description The 16 bit VO signals of the HRM Time can be programmed to be inputs or outputs The value of this register defines the direction of each I O bit Setting a bit in this register to 1 will program the corresponding VO bit as an output Setting a bit in this register to 0 will program the corresponding VO bit as an input 38 HRMTime Installation and User Guide Driver HRM SetlODirectionRegister HRM STATUS WINAPI HRM SetlODirectionReg
47. the Appendix in this document 30 HRMTime Installation and User Guide IV Appendix HRM Time Registers and Low Level DLL Functions The control and setup of the HRM Time is carried out by a series of commands to a set of configuration registers within the module To simplify the control of these registers a set of low level drivers in a DLL is available The low level drivers will return an HRM_STATUS of value HRM_OK or HRM_ERROR Initialization Low Level Drivers Before the user can read write to these configuration registers communication must be established with the module To do this the following low level driver functions must be used Driver HRM_GetDLLVersion HRM_API const char WINAPI HRM_GetDLLVersion void This function returns a pointer to a text string describing the revision level of the drivers Driver HRM_SetConfigurationPath HRM API void WINAPI HRM SetConfigurationPath char path path Pointer to text string defining path This function is used to define the path where the configuration data for the module resides Driver HRM RefreshConnectedModuleList HRM API bool HRM RefreshConnectedModuleList void This function can be called at any time to determine if the list of connected modules has changed This can be used to periodically poll the USB bus to determine if modules have been connected or disconnected Driver HRM GetConnectedModuleCount void HRM API UINT WINAPI HRM GetConnectedModuleCou
48. the Dual Port Memory Arbiter to read the pre programmed data block The rate of this process is such that data can be transferred from the memory to the USB port as fast as required This allows the USB 2 0 high speed interface to operate at full speed without loss of data Time Bin and Time Tag Controller This module is responsible for carrying out the particular Time Tag or Time Bin process as defined by the Command Interpreter This module communicates with the Timing Modules and saves the results of the measurements in the dual ported memory The format of these results is determined by the mode of operation In time bin mode this module will use the time information from the Timing Modules to determine the particular bin to be incremented In time tag mode this module will treat the memory as a large FIFO saving time tag data in consecutive locations The format of the time tag data is determined by the Data Router Module OG HRMTime Installation and User Guide Data Router Module The Data Router Module is a complex programmable multiplexer that allows any of a wide range of inputs to be routed to any of the 32 memory data bits In time bin mode this module is bypassed to allow the Time Bin and Time Tag Controller to directly access the memory for the purpose of incrementing time bins In Time Tag mode this module determines the format of the time tag data The Command Interpreter presets the routing of this module to define which bits of
49. the test waveform set to 1MHz with a 50 duty cycle This signal was fed directly into both the start and stop inputs of channel 0 The start was set to trigger on the LO HI transition and the stop was set o trigger on the HI LO transition As can be seen in Fig 14 the time tags are repeating every 200 counts of the MACRO time As the resolution of the MACRO time was set to 5ns this represents a repetition rate of 1us 200 x 5 ns The TCSPC time is typically 18712 As the resolution of the MICRO time was set to 27ps this represents a TCSPC MICRO time of 505ns 18712 x 27ps The value of 505ns rather than the theoretical value of 500ns is due to the jitter of the clock and the quality of the cabling 23 HRMTime Installation and User Guide SensL Integrated Environment RW ebe ER ee ES PE Te COT eege berg TT TTT TTT TTT A ere Creer 300 000 Time ns Time ns EE LE HELE EL EE ELE LL LL ED ALLE N Es rer EE EE EO IE TT EE ED een JE lb o mee Oe ane Me ee BE se DEE N HELE N Mid 25 000 30 000 35 000 40 000 45 000 50 000 55 000 Time ps Micro time resolution Macro time bits 17 2 Maximum macro time 655355 Maco tme bb waco te resouten 5 Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4 a Ra Enabled Start on rising edge Start on falling edge Stop on rising edge a adak 717197 RAOORAO 717197 Figure 13 24 HRMTime
50. the time tag are Time Tag data both Micro and Macro from the Time Bin and Time Tag Controller and VO data from external equipments Address Router Module The Address Router Module is a complex programmable multiplexer that allows any of a wide range of inputs plus an internal address counter to be routed to any of the memory address lines In time tag mode this module will normally be programmed to present the internal address counter bits as the memory address The internal address counter automatically increments after each memory write creating a FIFO type interface In time bin mode the Command Interpreter presets the routing of this module to a mix of the address counter time tag data and VO data Routing the time tag data to the address will create a range of consecutive bins separated by the time resolution of the LSB The address counter bits can be used to define the base address of a particular curve whilst the I O data can be used by external equipments to move the curve for multi dimensional measurements Dual Port Memory Arbiter This module controls the data transfers to from system memory to the USB and Time Bin Time Tag Controller Each port presents an address direction R W and request signal This module detects the particular request carries out the memory access and directs the data to from the requesting port at the requested address 10 HRMTime Installation and User Guide HRMTime Typical Application d
51. tion of 26 9851ps this represents a time tag every 1us 28 HRMTime Installation and User Guide Correlation The Correlation feature allows the user to carry out cross and auto correlation on FIFO TCSPC streams for both the TCSPC values and the MACRO times Par SensL Integrated Environment m ll 2 Correlation X e coves Macro time 3 0 2 5 2 0 15 1 0 300 000 Time ns 40 45 ag 35 20 25 Time ns 10 15 Apply changes M Enable ClockHt 50 ns Clock LO 250 Ans Correlation configuration Target dataset i O Maco time PIN size fa Resolution 0 027 ns Micro time Maximum lag 2000 bins FIFO TCSPC configuration Recording length 1000 ms Maximum event count 4000000 External clock period 1000 ns C Reverse plot Micro time bits Maximum micro time 221 157 Micro time Isb Micro time resolution 27 Maren tenn bite FP mes KA veiens vvs ma re He I Ccoacrc mauy VING La 27 PIG ANG MAL UV UIE I VIII Macro time Isb Macro time resolution 5 ns Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4 v 2 Enabled M DO O O Startonrisingedge M Vv Vv rd Start on falingedge 7 Fi DO O Stop on rising edge D DO O O Stop on falling edge M II Vv Vv Figure 17 99 HRMTime Installation and User Guide In Correlation mode the configuration setup is identical to FIFO TCSPC mode However channel s
52. tions The external equipment such as a microscope can indicate its X Y movement to the HRMTime module allowing multiple curves to be measured Alternatively the HRMTime module can be programmed as outputs to control the external equipment and cause the actual X Y positioning of the equipment AP HRMTime Installation and User Guide HRMTime Specific Features Introduction The HRMTime module is designed to operate in a number of different modes to cater for a wide range of applications The different operations can be split up into two major categories HISTOGRAM and FIFO HISTOGRAM Histogram modes use consecutive memory locations to store counts that represent points on a graph These memory locations or time bins are incremented based on the value of a time measurement For example assuming a timing resolution of 27ps if a time of 100ps is measured then location X is incremented If another time of 127ps is measured then location X 1 is incremented Hence each memory location represents a time range equal to the resolution of the timer Within the HISTOGRAM category there are two distinct modes of operation TCSPC and Multiscaler Counter TCSPC In TCSPC mode the first stop event is measured and the corresponding time bin is incremented This is repeated to build up a histogram in memory showing the distribution of 1st events following a start input Multiscaler Counter In this mode all stop events are measured and their corres
53. umber of 1K 1024 bytes blocks of data that have been written to memory by the time tag processor When the time tag processor is running this register should be used to track the memory for continuous download of data Note This register automatically wraps around at the maximum address as defined by the memory configuration bits in the status register Driver HRM_GetWriteCountRegister HRM STATUS WINAPI HRM_GetWriteCountRegister HANDLE handle ULONG wrrData handle HRM Time module handle wrrData Pointer for saving current 32 bit value of WCH and WCL registers WCL Write Count LO Register Register Description When operating in time tag mode this register will contain the residual bytes 0 1023 bytes that have been written to memory by the time tag processor The value of the WCH and WCL are not locked The WCH should be used for tracking the memory data Once the time tagging has been stopped the WCL register should be used to download any remaining data Driver HRM_GetWriteCountRegister See WCH register 42 HRMTime Installation and User Guide Non Register Specific Low Level Drivers Driver HRM InitMemory HRM STATUS WINAPI HRM InitMemory HANDLE handle ULONG addr ULONG len ULONG fillData Fill a block of memory with a specific bit pattern handle HRMTime module handle addr 32 bit starting address len Number of 32 bit locations to fill fillData 32 bit value to fill the memory with Driver HR
54. ution of the time tag Selecting bit 0 will give the time tag a resolution of 27ps Bit 1 will set the resolution to 54ps 2 x 27 bit 2 will set the resolution to 108ps 4 x 27 and so forth Channel Enable and Edge Selection These check boxes allow the individual channels to be enabled disabled and the START STOP inputs sensitivity to be specified Note Press the Apply changes button to set your selected configuration Data Recording Once the configuration is selected the mode is now ready for recoding data In FIFO Time Tagging mode two forms of data recording are available Graphical Presentation and Streaming FIFO Time Tags Graphical Presentation In this mode recording is carried out at the module until the recording length or the maximum event count is reached To start processing click on the green right arrow at the top of the page The right hand side of the display will show which channels are active On completion the graph will display a plot of event density frequency over time This mode of operation is particularly useful for carrying out preliminary tests to determine the best configuration before carrying out a full experiment using continuous streaming of results to a PC file Streaming FIFO Time Tags Once the configuration is selected the user can now select a path and file name for saving the data lt is recommended that the file name have a suffix of CSV Doing this will allow the file to be easily viewe
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