OPERATORS MANUAL - Sagene samfunnshus
Contents
1. om papinod uid xis OML oipny JOPDUUOI edA 931 pasny 000000 N V LAdNI V 9 LNdNI 8 1NdLNO HI3LSNIAA ISQQDI NI SGV EH OVE NI LNNOW amano 3904 JO 3dAL IWYS HII 30V1438 Bld JO IONGI OL WOSZ1VS OL WWUDZXS 354 _ 9 2 09 06 2 001 Alddns G3UISIGNN ISNYO AVN IVHL 3ON3eI3 RIINI ONIGMONI 0313038 1dIDOW 3O1A30 SII IN4WANH LON AW SII 15 ONIMOTIOS JHL OL LOSPENS SI 53100 DOJ IHL SL Lava HIM SINANOO SIHL INWOOD 3dAL AN IIASA NN 28914381 CBIVOIGNI 35013 30 TWA 3dAL SAWS JHL HUM 39W1d38 30 LSNIVOV NOLO3IONd 303 TANNOSUId JOYIS OL ONIOIANAS 4343X 3QISNI 519 4 318v3OlASS t3sn ON WANO AN 3190319 DOHO JAY SHOOHS OLONI JO SI OL ON INAV N3dO JON OQ ADOHS ORLOJ SIA ES gt illi DN370 Operators Manual Page 4 ny H WLRRH E Front panel features Front Panel Features The Klark Teknik DN370 is a dual thirty 30 band thir2. 1k25 to 4k Vocal fricatives Accentuation and clarity of voice Important to speech intelligibility Too much boost between 2kHz and 4kHz can mask certain speech sounds e g b v can become indistinguishable Too much boost anywhere between 1kHz and 4kHz can produce listener fatigue Vocals can be highlighted by slightly boosting vocals at 3kHz whilst simultaneously slightly cutting instruments at that frequency 5 6k3 8k Accentuation amp clarity of voice 10 12k5 16k Too much boost causes sibilance sss Effect of Equalisation on Music Reproduction 1 3 Octave Effect on Music Centre Frequency 31 40 50 63 Fundamentals of bass drum tuba bass and organ These give music a sense of power but excessive use can leave the sound muddy Mains Hum 50 60Hz 80 100 125 Too much boost produces boom Fundamentals of tympani amp toms Higher harmonics of mains hum 100 120Hz 160 200 250 Drum and lower bass Too much boost produces boom 3rd Harmonics of Mains Hum 315 400 500 Fundamentals of strings and percussion 630 800 1k Fundamentals and harmonics of strings keyboards and percussion Boosting 600 1kHz range can make instruments sound horn like 1k25 to 4k Drums guitar accentuation of vocals strings and brass Excessive boost around 1 2kHz can make instruments sound tinny Excessive boost around 1 4kHz can produce listening fatigu
3. QE UU 0 DN370 DUAL GRAPHC EQUALISER CHLARK 57 0 WLRRH 11 DN370 Operators Manual Page 18 DN370 applications The notch filters on the DN370 can be used to eliminate a common problem with graphic equalisers the control of frequencies that lie E between the ISO standard frequency centres In the adjacent example SE to cut 900 Hz a single notch filter be used to produce a steep notch the frequency response without affecting adjacent frequencies we contrast with a Symmetrical Q equaliser the only solution available is E to cut both the 800 Hz and 1 kHz faders and whilst there is nearly 16 dB of attenuation at 900 Hz a very broad range of frequencies also a 4 affected particularly when a Symmetrical Q equaliser with a wide E A response is used c A narrow Symmetrical Q response affects a les
4. THE MAINS PLUG OF THE POWER SUPPLY CORD SHALL REMAIN READILY OPERABLE gt Klark Teknik Group Klark Teknik Building Walter Nash Road Kidderminster Worcs DY11 7HJ England Tel 44 1562 741515 Fax 44 1562 745371 www midasconsoles com www klarkteknik com ANGE DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY We Klark Teknik Group UK Plc of Klark Teknik Building Walter Nash Road Kidderminster Worcestershire DY11 7HJ Declare that a sample of the following product Product Type Number Product Description Nominal Voltage 5 Current Freq DN370 Analogue Graphic 115V AC 240mA 50 60Hz Equaliser 230V AC 120mA to which this declaration refers is in conformity with the following directives and or standards 89 336 EEC Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive amended by 92 31 EEC amp 93 68 EEC 73 23 EEC Low Voltage Directive amended by 93 68 EEC Class B Emissions EN 55103 1 1996 Class B Immunity EN 55103 2 1996 Harmonic Current Emissions EN 61000 3 2 2000 Voltage Fluctuations and Flicker EN 61000 3 3 1995 Electrical Safety EN 60065 2002 Signed I HI Date 20 May 2004 Name Simon Harrison Authority Research and Development Director Klark Teknik Group UK Plc Attention Where applicable the attention of the specifier purchaser installer or user is drawn to special limitations of use which must be observed when thes
5. RANGE 20 500 2 200 20x bo gt DN370 NOTCH FILTER RANGE ORLARK 5 00 oec0o00000090000000000000200000009 Note The above information is provided as a rough guide to the range of fundamental frequencies used by various common instruments In addition to these various amounts of higher harmonic content will also be produced A 440Hz WLRRH ili DN370 Operators Manual Page 22 Crib sheet 2320 uoneoijddy UASMVNCA oiHdvelo OZENA oiHdvelo OLENG MAMA DIHAVUD OLENG Ta IE DN370 Operators Manual Page 23 fil THI H KLARK E
6. range 100 to FUSE 5x20mm 240 VAC T0 5A L250A Audio Connection The audio connections to the DN370 are electronically balanced Isolation transformers can also be fitted as factory option or retro fit please consult an approved Klark Teknik service agent The input and output connectors are shown below please read the audio connections section at the beginning of this manual for wiring diagrams and pin assignments OUTPUT B INPUT B INPUT TX Indicates whether the transformer isolation input and output options have been factory fitted Channel Output XLR Channel Input Output Phoenix Connector Channel Input XLR 111 DN370 Operators Manual Page 7 DN370 Operators Manual Page 8 Example System connection EQUALISER amp Amplifiers amp Amplifiers p 9 Centre Cluster Delay FoH Delay FoH Stage Monitors 8 C EQUALISER amp Amplifiers Amplifiers Monitor Console Delay Line FOH Console 111 DN370 Operators Manual Page 9 Using the DN370 The DN370 is a thirty 30 band third octave graphic equaliser which utilises premium quality low tolerance components to achieve a high degree of accuracy and control Graphic equalisers may be used for corrective or creative purposes depending upon
7. with the system Note that poor coverage cannot be rectified through the use of equalisation The measurement microphone should ideally have a flat response or be calibrated to the analyser and placed in a sensible position where it will not be affected by nearby objects that may interfere with the local acoustics Using the Real Time Analyser and a pink noise source adjust the level of the frequency bands on the graphic inversely to that shown on the RTA display so that the peaks in frequency response are reduced to the level of the other bands and similarly the deficient bands are increased You will need to perform the test at a reasonable level approaching normal usage volume so that the equalisation can take into account the response of the loudspeakers at normal operating level vs low level It may also be desirable to take measurements at points throughout the area It may not be possible to get perfect equalisation throughout an entire area but it may be preferable to obtain a good equalisation of the whole area rather than a perfect equalisation at a single point and poor performance at all other points A compromise may need to be made in an effort to equalise the sound for the whole area rather than just the centre FOH position CALIBRATED MEASUREMENT MICROPHONE note when using an RTA ensure that it has averaging capability so that fluctuations are smoothed out giving a good representation of the sonic performanc
8. 112dB 20Hz 20kHz unweighted 12dB range 20dBu infinity to 6dBu To BS EN ISO 266 1997 25Hz 20kHz 1 3 octave 5 12dB 6dB 12 dB octave 12 dB octave Attenuation gt 18dB Q 32 3 pin XLR and 6 pin Phoenix 3 pin IEC 100V 240V a c 60W 133mm 5 25 inch 3U High 482mm 19 inch 205mm 8 inch 5 8kg 7 0kg Input and output balancing transformer 25 Hz 31 5 Hz 40 Hz 50 Hz 63 Hz 80 Hz 100 Hz 125 Hz 160 Hz 200Hz 250 Hz 315 Hz 400 Hz 500 Hz 630 Hz 800 Hz 1 00 kHz 1 25 kHz 1 60 kHz 2 00 kHz 2 50 kHz 3 15 kHz 4 00 kHz 5 00 kHz 6 30 kHz 8 00 kHz 10 0 kHz 12 5 kHz 16 0 kHz 20 0 kHz Due to a policy of continual improvement the Klark Teknik Group reserves the right to alter the function or specification at any time without notice 111 DN370 Operators Manual Page 21 Frequency chart 0 000000000000000200000000002000 2 m FIG AJB N LARGE PIPE ORGAN VIOLIN VIOLA CELLO Y DOUBLE BASS AAA viccodo g FLUTE M MM 0505 Eie Hl BASSOON gg TRUMPET YPF TROMBONE UBA gH SOPRANO MX CONTRALTO BE BARITONE BASS BASS DRUM SNARE amp TOMS ln DRUM KIT BASS DRUM SNARE TOMS 7 C es bN370 HIGH PASS FILTER 4 DN370 LOW PASS FILTER gt A DN370 NOTCH FILTER
9. 70 Applications Technical Specification Frequency Rage Chart Crib Sheet Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 7 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 17 Page 21 Page 22 Page 23 DN370 Operators Manual Page 1 The following special limitations must observed order to maintain safety electromagnetic compatibility performance Power Connection Electric Fields The DN370 Graphic Equaliser should only be operated with the If the DN370 is operated in an electromagnetic field that is power supply connected to ground via the ground in the mains amplitude modulated by an audio frequency signal the signal connector to noise ratio may be degraded Degradation of up to 60dB may be experienced under extreme conditions 3V m 90 Audio Connections modulation The DN370 should only be operated with high quality twisted pair audio cables XLR connector shells should be of metal construction so that they provide a screen when connected to the console and should have pin one 1 connected to the cable screen INSTALLATION Position The DN370 should be mounted in a nineteen inch 19 rack of suitable construction for it s intended purpose Four 4 rack mount holes are provided through the front panel to support fully the weight of the unit in the rack Position of the unit will depend upon how itis to be used however Avoid placing the unit such th
10. DN370 OPERATORS MANUAL Klark Teknik Klark Teknik Building Walter Nash Road Kidderminster Worcestershire DY11 7HJ England Tel 44 1562 741515 Fax 44 1562 745371 Email klarkteknik info uk telex com Website www klarkteknik com DN370 Graphic Equaliser Operators Manual DOCO02 DN370 Issue A August 2006 c Telex Communications UK Ltd In line with the company s policy of continual improvement specifications and function may be subject to change without notice This Operators Manual was correct at the time of writing E amp OE LIRE TEHNI SIGNAL PROCESSING BY DEFINITION A A 10 11 12 IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS risk of electric shock to persons Read these instructions Keep these instructions Heed all warnings Follow all instructions Do not use this apparatus near water Clean only with a dry cloth Do not block any of the ventilation openings Install in accordance with the manufacturer s instructions Do not install near any heat sources such as radiators heat registers stoves or other apparatus including amplifiers that produce heat Do not defeat the safety purpose of the polarized or grounding type plug A polarized plug has two blades with one wider than the other A grounding type plug has two blades and a third grounding prong The wide blade or the third prong are provided for your safety If the provided plug does not fit into your outlet consult an elec
11. ach channel is switchable using the RANGE switch between 6dB and 12dB The current setting is indicated by the 6 and 12 LEDS above the range switch EQIN OUT The EQ IN OUT switch will bypass all the functions of the DN370 including the Gain control such that the output will be the same as the input The IN OUT switch may be used to audition settings for example during sound check 111 DN370 Operators Manual Page 5 SignalLevel SIGNAL CLIP 0 6 High Pass Low Pass Notch Filters Front panel features Signal The signal LED shows incoming signal to the unit and is Pre EQ but post gain control Clip The clip LED shows that the maximum output level of the unit has been achieved and the unit has entered clipping The clip LED is sourced Post EQ and post gain control such that internal clipping due to excessive EQ i e if a high input level is further boosted by the use of EQ will also be shown The clip and signal levels are shown below 40dBu 22dBu Signal Green Clip Red Each channel of the DN370 includes 1 High Pass filter one 1 Low Pass Filter and two 2 variable frequency Notch filters Each filter can be enabled by depressing the pot until it clicks only a small amount of force is required When active the annular ring around the filter control will illuminate To audition the effect of the filters either the EQ IN OUT switch which will also bypass the grap
12. ach output Whilst very useful for conventional wedge monitors this feature really comes into its own when combining in ear and wedge monitors allowing the response of each monitor subsystem to be tailored to the artist s requirements WLRRH ili DN370 Operators Manual Page 17 DN370 applications Examples A The additional versatility offered by the DN370 s unique feature set of filters EO allows unparalleled precise control of E frequency response The examples B E adjacent show how the filters can be 2 used on their own and in conjunction with the graphic equaliser to handle problems encountered in real world E corrective EQ applications E Qo 0 DN370 DUAL GRAPHIC EQUALSER
13. atthe faders may be accidentally knocked or snapped off Avoid placing the unit such that the front mounted power switch may be accidentally knocked Also try to avoid placing the unit directly near or on any power distribution units or power amplifiers Power The internal power supply is a switch mode type which automatically senses the incoming mains voltage and will work where the nominal voltage is in the range 100 240 VAC A single fused IEC mains inlet is provided on the rear panel and the correct lead for connection in the area to which the unit was shipped is provided in the box Connections To ensure the correct and reliable operation or your DN370 Graphic Equaliser only high quality balanced screened twisted pair audio cable should be used Male XLR Phoenix Type Connector A Pin 1 Channel IN Screen Ground Pin 1 Screen Ground Pin2 Channel IN Hot Signal NE Pin 2 Hot Signal Pin 3 Channel IN Cold Signal Pin 3 Cold Signal Pin 4 Channel OUT Screen Ground Pin 5 Channel OUT Hot Signal Note XLR Sockets are viewed from the Pin 6 Channel OUT Cold Signal front face Female XLR Pin 3 Cold Signal Pin 1 Screen Ground 1 LL Pin 2 Hot Signal o 0 0 0 0 lt lt Note Pin assignments as viewed from the socket Phoenix connector is wired in parallel with the corresponding XLR After Unpacking After unpacking your DN370 please retain the original packing in the ev
14. cals are transmitted in a narrow audible range and will appear unaffected WLRRH ili DN370 Operators Manual Page 10 Equalising a system As discussed before the benefits of equalisation are fundamentally To improve the intelligibility and natural sound of the sound system To increase the gain available in the system before feedback In some circumstances it may not be possible to achieve a natural sounding system that is completely intelligible due to poor acoustics or high levels of background noise In these cases a compromise must be struck by the engineer depending upon the use to which the system will be put It may be arguable that in the case of a vocalist intelligibility must be sought at all costs In the case of dance music reproduction however it may be felt that the material should be reproduced naturally with no real concern for intelligibility of the individual lyrics Before starting to equalise the system it is worth checking that it is performing correctly Listening to the system without any equalisation may reveal underlying distortion or artefacts of the room e g lengthy reverberation that may need to be rectified before trying to equalise the room It may also be worth using a sine tone sweep so that problems at certain frequencies that may not be immediately noticeable with pink noise can be detected and corrected before equalisation Check especially the crossover points of the system which may reveal problems
15. d octave graphic equaliser The range of the equaliser bands may be switched between 6dB and 12dB individually for each channel In addition to the graphic equaliser itself high and low pass filters and two notch filters are provided per channel and an equaliser in out switch to bypass the effect ofthe equaliser and filter stages Powerto the unit is provided on the rear panel but switched from the front A power indicator is provided Metering The DN370 provides two LEDs per channel for the purpose of level metering The signal LED shows incoming signal to the unit and is Pre EQ but post gain control The clip LED shows that the maximum output level of the unit has been achieved and the unit has entered clipping The clip LED is sourced Post EQ and post gain control such that internal clipping due to excessive EQ i e if a high input level is further boosted by the use of EQ will also be shown The clip and signal levels are shown below Signal Green 40dBu Clip Red 22dBu Graphic EQ Section The graphic EQ section of the DN370 features long throw forty five millimetre 45mm faders to allow fine adjustment of each frequency band Each fader has a centre detent click stop to denote the OdB unity gain of the band point of the scale The DN370 uses standard ISO third octave standard frequency centres The range of the faders on each channel is switchable using that channel s RANGE switch between 6dB and 12dB The current setti
16. e 5k 6k3 8k Accentuation of percussion cymbals and snare drum Reduction at 5kHz makes overall sound more distant and transparent Reduction of tape hiss and system noise 1k25 to 8k governs overall clarity and definition 10k 12k5 16k Cymbals and overall brightness Too much boost causes sibilance Reduction of tape hiss and system noise WLRRH ili DN370 Operators Manual Page 12 Functional block diagram Wvu5VvIG 52018 IWNOILONNS CI3NNVHO 319NIS OLENG 2 ANANDA 2 AoNano31 2 AoNano 314 1 AONI3NDIA4 EX pe H 00 4 oz SSVAAS 55 4 ino HSNd HSNd HSNd HSNd EB 39NVvi e 9 NOILdO XL NOILdO XL 804 ANT 804 ANTI HOLON T HOLON SSVd SSVd H9IH NOILdO YINYOISNVYL E 3 dO SSVdAd ngpor TWNOIS E NOILdO UAWYOASNVEL a DN370 Operators Manual Page 13 H WLRRH E DN370 proportional Q response The most important design decision for the DN370 was determining the equaliser response Proportional Q equalisation as used on previous Klark Teknik analogue graphic equalisers offers some key advantages over the more numerous Symmetrical Q equalisers on the market namely at low amounts of cut or boost the width of the filter is relatively broad and becomes narrower as the amount of boos
17. e of the system PINK NOISE REAL TIME ANALYSER When equalising the room bear in mind the effect upon the electronics and mechanics of the system caused by the equalisation process If excessive equalisation is required at certain bands consider the effect upon amplifier headroom and loudspeaker driver excursion that will result It may not be possible to produce the response required with the limitations of the system Excessive equalisation should act as a warning that there may be an underlying problem that may need to be rectified first e g phase cancellation blown drivers etc During the performance the FOH or monitor engineer may want to have a microphone or solo signal feed for the RTA so that feedback may be easily detected and rectified Remember the equaliser is not a cure all device and will not solve the problems of a poor sound system installation or venue acoustics but when used carefully can bring out significant improvements in the quality of reproduction of a system 111 DN370 Operators Manual 11 Effect of equalisatiion Effects of Equalisation on Voice Reproduction 1 3 Octave Effect on voice Centre Frequency 40 50 63 80 100 125 Sense of power in some outstanding bass singers 160 200 250 Voice fundamentals 315 400 500 Important for voice quality 630 800 1k Important for voice naturalness Too much boost in the 315 to 1k range produced a telephone like quality
18. e products are taken into service to maintain compliance with the above directives Details of these special measures and limitations to use are available on request andare available in product manuals Company registration No 2414018 A Subsidiary of Telex Communications Inc Thank you Thank You for using a Klark Teknik DN370 Graphic Equaliser The DN370 has been developed to meet the needs of demanding live recording and broadcast sound engineers and meetsthe quality in build and performance that you would expect from Klark Teknik The DN370 is a dual thirty 30 band third octave graphic equaliser with long throw forty five millimetre 45mm faders two 2 high and low pass filters per channel and two 2 notch filters per channel The DN370 is the latest addition to the world renowned DN300 series of Graphic Equalisers that are in use around the world today and represents the next generation of graphic equaliser technology Allbacked up of course by the standard Klark Teknik three year warranty Please take the time to complete and return the registration card and to obtain the best results with a minimum of effort also read this operators manual Finally enjoy your Klark Teknik DN370 Contents ATTENTION Quick Reference Front Panel Rear Panel Features Front Panel Rear Panel System Example Using the DN370 Equalising a System The effect of equalisation Functional Block Diagram The DN370 Proportional Q response DN3
19. ent that you should need to transport or ship the unit Please inspect the unit carefully for any signs of damage that may have occurred in transit and notify the courier immediately if you feelthat any damage has occurred 111 DN370 Operators Manual Page 2 Klark Teknik DN370 is a dual thirty 30 band third octave graphic equaliser Equaliser bands may be switched High and low between pass filters per and 12dB channel Level metering 45mm faders Front panel quick reference Q O wd YYYYYYYYYYYYYY III U F EFFEHFEHEFE __ YYYYYYYYYYY FEEH EHEFEE Y ee eee ee ee SS SSS SSS SS SSS SESS SS SSeS eee ww E E E HA HH 25 315 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1 1 25 166 2k 2k5 3kl5 4k Sk 663 8k 10 12k5 16k 20k Y B wr O As A B Channel Channel 111 DN370 Operators Manual Page 3 and power indicator Notch filters Power switch switch to bypass the perchannel Equaliser in out effect of the equaliser Rear panel quick reference pue y puueyo 5 205 YIX pue SJ0128uuo2 YIX
20. g additive and subtractive equalisation to correct problems in the room It is recommended to attenuate peaks in the room s response to the level of the surrounding frequencies rather than boost the lower bands to meet the highest This will help to retain headroom in the equaliser and slight dips in frequency response are less noticeable than large peaks If an overall reduction in volume is observed the gain makeup can be used to return the output of the equaliser to the desired level Beware however that excessive equalisation for example using large amounts of boost at lower frequencies to compensate for poorly performing bass enclosures will use up large amounts of system headroom which could cause the system amplifiers to clip Causing damage to loudspeaker HF components and introducing high frequency harmonics which may sound unpleasant Also large amounts of low frequency boost may cause the over excursion of bass drivers and their subsequent mechanical and electrical breakdown Also many sound reinforcement systems are only capable of adequately producing frequencies up to around 18kHz Providing high levels of boost at 20kHz to extend the frequency response of the system is likely to result in reducing the life of high frequency components in the loudspeaker while the frequency response may not be significantly improved There are occasions where deficiencies in room acoustics cannot be corrected by equalisation For example bass reductio
21. hic equaliser or the individual filter switch may be used Low Pass filter The cut off frequency is continuously variable from 20Hz to 500Hz Notch Filter 1 The notch centre frequency is continuously variable from 20Hz to 2kHz 100 High Pass Filter The Cut off frequency is continuously variable from 2kHz to 20kHz Notch Filter 2 The Notch filter centre frequency is continuously variable from 200Hz to 20kHz 20 DN370 Operators Manual Page 6 Rear panel features Rear Panel Features The rear panel provides the audio and power connections to the DN370 Power is provided by a single fused IEC type connector The correct mains lead for the country to which the unit was shipped is supplied with the unit Always replace the mains fuse with the same type and rating Audio connections are provided by two 2 male XLR and two 2 female XLR sockets for channel A and B inputs and outputs respectively and also by two 2 six 6 pin Phoenix connectors Both connectors provide balanced audio connections such that Pin 1 Ground Screen Pin 2 Hot Signal Pin 3 Cold Signal Mains Supply SUPPLY Mains power is supplied to the DN370 by a single fused IEC socket on the rear of VOLTAGE the unit The DN370 contains an auto voltage sensing switching mode power 100 240V 50 6092 60W supply that will operate where the nominal mains voltage is the
22. ical Q equaliser narrow mode full boost and cut The strength of Proportional Q equalisation is that the EQ bands are wider at lower amounts of boost and cut and become narrower as greater amounts are applied giving the optimum balance of smoothness and accuracy over the entire fader travel Extensive listening tests were carried out during the development of the DN370 to obtain the optimum response resulting in a very musical sounding equaliser which maintains the highest level of accuracy without ever sounding harsh WLRRH DN370 Operators Manual Page 15 DN370 proportional Q response Figure 5 and Figure 6 show the DN370 response for both 2 dB and full scale boost and cut note that the smooth combining of the bands for small amounts of boost and cut is very similar to that of the Symmetrical Q equaliser in its wide mode whilst as more boost or cut is applied the response becomes sharper giving much more precise control of problem frequencies 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1k 2 3k 4k Hz Figure 5 DN370 response 2dB boost and cut 10 5 wa TTTT 0 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1k 2k 3k 4k Hz Figure 6 DN370 response full boost and cut In addition to the graphic equaliser section the DN370 also provides sweepable high pass and low pass filters and two overlapping s
23. lity to overlap the notch filters both with each other and with the graphic EQ bands allows very deep notches to be created The adjacent trace shows the responses of a single notch filter two overlapped notch filters a and two notch filters overlapped with an EQ band b each TTT resulting in greater attenuation c Nearly 45 dB of attenuation is 2E possible when using the notch filters in conjunction with the EQ bands E 35E 40 A typical application of DN370 would be to EQ a monitor wedge the red ds us uS 05 x trace shows how both the high and low pass filters have been used to shape the overall response and the use of the two notch filters to E attenuate particular problem frequencies Note that the faders completely flat and so can be used to make incremental changes 10 relative to the response shown above In contrast a Symmetrical Q asl equaliser even with a high pass filter cannot produce the same 8 a b response either with a narrow or wide response a and b traces The effect of the interaction caused by combining the individual fader TE responses makes it impossible to match the response created using the DN370 s filters and whilst the narrow response is more able to produce 35 the desired notches it is again at the expense of ripple in the low pass 49 gt 10H
24. n due to phase cancellation or the cancellation around the crossover point of a loudspeaker must be corrected before the use of equalisation Live Use Monitors Monitors used on stage often need equalisation to remove any peaks in their frequency response in order to prevent feedback from on stage microphones where those frequencies exceed the maximum gain before feedback level Further equalisation may be required in order to remove similar peaks from the characteristics of the microphones in use A monitor engineer may use an RTA in order to detect these peaks but more often than not monitor engineers have a developed sense of hearing that enables them to remove these frequencies by ear The DN370 s thirty 30 frequency bands allow a majority of feedback to be removed from the monitors however for feedback that is more difficult to locate or lies between bands two variable frequency notch filters are provided which can be swept through the frequency range until the location of the feedback is located In addition to notch filters a high and low pass filter are provided which can be used to remove high frequency feedback and bass rumble or over excursion of bass drivers It may also be undesirable to have large amounts of bass in the on stage monitors In vocal monitors bass does not assist projection of vocals and can make the stage sound unbearable and hence the bass element can be rolled off at the desired frequency The fundamentals of Vo
25. ng is indicated by the 6 and de T e RANGE e 12 LEDS above the range switch O It may be desirable to hear the effect of the graphic equaliser settings e g during sound check This can be achieved by depressing the EQ IN OUT switch which will bypass the EQ and gain settings of the DN370 allowing the user to hear the 0 0 original without adjusting fader or control red and green LEDs indicate EQ whetherthe unit is bypassed or not O Placing the fader of any band at the extreme upwards position will apply either 6 12 6dB or 12dB gain depending upon the setting of the range switch to the frequencies in that band Placing the fader of any band at the extreme downwards position will apply either 6dB or 12dB attenuation depending upon the setting of the range switch to the frequencies in that band Gain and Range Settings 0 GAIN GAIN The gain control provides continuous adjustment of the channel gain from infinity off to 6dB with a centre detent at OdB unity gain When using EQ with large amounts of cut or boost it may be necessary to use the gain to make up or attenuate the signal Note however that the gain control is bypassed when the EQ IN OUT switch is in the OUT position but control over the channel LEDs is retained by the gain control RANGE Although range is discussed above a description is included here for clarity The range of the graphic equaliser section faders on e
26. ponses of a leading Symmetrical Q equaliser in both its wide and narrow modes of operation for 2dB of boost and cut which is typical of the small adjustments made in corrective EQ applications The wide response gives a very smooth combined response for the three bands shown however the narrow response shows significant ripple in the combined response which will lead to audible artefacts such as phase distortion 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1k 2k 3k 4k Hz Figure 1 Symmetrical Q equaliser wide mode 2dB boost and cut 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1k 2k 3k 4k Hz Figure 2 Symmetrical Q equaliser narrow mode 2dB boost and cut WLRRH GUIE DN370 Operators Manual Page 14 DN370 proportional Q response Whilst the wide response is obviously preferable for small amounts of boost and cut Figure 3 and Figure 4 show the problem that occurs with using this response for full boost and cut far more of the audio spectrum is affected by each of the bands being broader as a consequence of maintaining the same Q value 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1k 2k 3k 4k Hz Figure3 Symmetrical Q equaliser wide mode full boost and cut 15 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1k 2 3k 4k Hz Figure4 Symmetr
27. s e broad range of frequencies although at the expense of less attenuation ast atthe desired frequency b 2 300Hz 400 500 600 700 800 900 1k 2k 3k 4k The proportional Q response of the DN370 simultaneously allows E gentle contouring of the frequency spectrum and precise control of E specific problem frequencies The sweepable notch filters further da enhance this capability The blue trace shows a high shelf filter created 4 using the faders from 2 5 kHz upwards and a notch created by fully 8 s cutting the 800 Hz fader Channel A on the front panel view The red BE trace shows the same shelf filter response but using a notch filter to cut pu 800 Hz showing the greater precision offered by the notch filters n Channel B onthe front panel view E 14E 200Hz 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k 2 Ap In contrast the limitation of Symmetrical Q equalisers can be seen in 0 the adjacent traces a wide response a gives a smooth shelf filter but 2 affects a very broad range of frequencies when attempting to use itas a notch filter whilst a narrow response b gives a much sharper notch but at the expense of excessive ripple in the shelf filter Even with a narrow response the Symmetrical Q equaliser affects a broader range of frequencies than using the Proportional Q response of the DN370 s faders 8 S 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k The abi
28. superb control resolution and excellent visibility of control settings The sweepable high and low pass filters allow the frequency extremes to be matched to the capabilities of the loudspeaker system in use leaving all the graphic EQ faders available for acoustic management of the music Twin sweepable notch filters provide excellent suppression of room resonances with minimum impact on the program material Positive in out switching for all the filter sections is combined with illuminated rings around the controls for instant at a glance status indication Monitors The design of the all new graphic filters with carefully selected proportional Q responses ensures that problem frequencies can be attenuated quickly and effectively Long throw faders allow excellent control resolution even when using all of the available 12dB of attenuation Interaction with adjacent bands is minimised ensuring that more of the musical content is preserved Even more precise are the two sweepable notch filters on each channel which allow the surgical removal of resonances and feedback leaving everything else intact Push switches incorporated in the control knobs allow the filters to be switched easily in and out for example when an artist is using different instruments during a show Illuminated rings around the control knobs ensure that the filter status is always visible at a glance High and low pass filters allow the frequency limits to be accurately controlled for e
29. t or cut is increased giving a more focused response This differs from a Symmetrical Q response which boosts or cuts an increasingly wide band of frequencies and is an important consideration in applications such as cutting particular problem frequencies as more of the frequency spectrum is scooped out when using Symmetrical Q equalisation proportional Q equalisers are much better at cutting just the problem frequency band Symmetrical Q equalisers are frequently but inaccurately termed Constant Q as the Q is measured 3 dB up from the point of maximum attenuation when in cut rather than the correct definition of 3dB down from the point of maximum gain 0 dB when cutting which results in a notch filter response In all types of graphic equalisers one of the key issues is how the summing of adjacent EQ bands alters the frequency response Lower Q filters will blend together more smoothly but higher Q filters provide more selective control of problems at the expense of more frequency response ripple A weakness of the Symmetrical Q approach is that for small amounts of boost and cut a very typical situation the EQ bands have to be comparatively broad to blend smoothly to avoid excessive ripple in the frequency response however as the Q of the EQ bands remains constant larger amounts of boost or cut will affect an increasingly wide range of frequencies limiting the precision and usefulness of the equaliser Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the res
30. trician for replacement of the obsolete outlet Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched particularly at plugs convenience receptacles and the point where they exit from the apparatus Only use attachments accessories specified by the manufacturer Unplug this apparatus during lightning storms or when unused for long periods of time 13 The lightning flash with arrowhead symbol within an equilateral triangle is intended to alert the user to the presence of uninsulated dangerous voltage within the product s enclosure that may be of sufficient magnitude to constitute a The exclamation point within an equilateral triangle is intended to alert the user to the presence of important operating and maintenance servicing instructions in the literature accompanying the appliance Refer all servicing to qualified personnel Servicing is required when the apparatus is damaged in any way such as power supply cord or plug is damaged liquid has been spilled or objects have fallen into the apparatus the apparatus has been exposed to rain or moisture does not operate normally or has been dropped Use the mains plug to disconnect the apparatus from the mains WARNING TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE OR ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT EXPOSE THIS APPARATUS TO RAIN OR MOISTURE DO NOT EXPOSE THIS EQUIPMENT TO DRIPPING OR SPLASHING AND ENSURE THAT NO OBJECTS FILLED WITH LIQUIDS SUCH AS VASES ARE PLACED ON THE EQUIPMENT
31. weepable notch filters per channel The sweepable high and low pass filters can be used to enhance the intelligibility of wedge monitors by cutting out extraneous low and high frequency noise and therefore allowing higher SPLs to be used The two notch filters further enhance the unit s ability to precisely tune out problem frequencies The response of the notch filters was selected after careful listening to allow feedback to be eliminated quickly but at the same time to be unobtrusive when in use The high pass low pass and notch filter control pots all have push on push off bypass switching with an illuminated ring around each pot to show when the filter is active So for example if there is particular frequency where a performer s acoustic guitar causes feedback one of the notch filters can be used to cut that frequency and switched out when not needed whilst still left in position for later in the set when the same instrument may be used again WLRRH ili DN370 Operators Manual Page 16 DN370 applications Front of house The all new graphic EQ filters of the DN370 have been carefully selected to allow subtle tonal correction with a minimum of ripple between adjacent bands At the same time the proportional Q nature of the filters ensures that in the event of acoustic feedback a tightly focussed cut response is instantly available just by moving the fader Range switching between 12dB or 6dB together with 45mm long throw faders provides
32. whether itis to be used live Monitors or Front of House or in the studio Broadcast or Recording Studio and Creative Use In the control room a graphic equaliser may be used to remove problem frequencies and improve deficiencies in room acoustics This is commonly achieved with the use of a Real Time Analyser RTA such as the Klark Teknik DN60 or DN6000 The frequency centres of the DN60 6000 and the DN370 conform to ISO standards and so corrections can be made by sight directly from the RTA to the graphic It is important to mention however that graphic equalisers can only compensate so much for a room with severe acoustic problems which may require further remedial treatment work Graphic equalisers can only help to reduce the audible effects of standing waves and resonances and cannot overcome the loss of clarity due to rooms with long reverberation times The DN370 can be used to create filter effects for example the effect of someone speaking on the telephone using the thirty 30 equaliser bands and the high and low pass filter in conjunction with a compressor to create a de esser for tonal correction of instruments or vocals and many other creative uses Live Use Front of House It is often desirable to add equalisation to a venue in order to remove any frequency deficiencies in the room before trying to engineer using the system Again itis common to use an and measurement microphone in order to set up the equaliser usin
33. z 20 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5 10 20 filter response Ap at E b A Symmetrical Q equaliser lacking the additional filters cannot produce TE a high pass filter response using just its faders either with a narrow or a E wide response a and b traces The user may assume that subsonic m frequencies are being attenuated by cutting the bottom faders but the pu graph shows that this is not the case 9 111 DN370 Operators Manual 19 ii DN370 Operators Manual Page 20 Inputs Two Type Impedance Ohm Max input level Outputs Two Type Minimum load impedance Source impedance Maximum output level Performance Frequency response EQ out EQ in flat Distortion THD N Dynamic range Overload indicator Gain Equalisation 30 Bands Centre Frequencies Tolerance Maximum Boost Cut High Pass Filter Slope Low Pass Filter Slope Notch filter Terminations Audio Power Power Requirements Voltage Consumption Dimensions Height Width Depth Weight Nett Shipping Options BS EN ISO 266 1997 Frequency Centres The ISO standard frequencies Technical specification Electronically balanced pin 2 hot 20k 22dBu Electronically balanced pin 2 hot 6000hms 60ohms 22dBu 2k ohm 0 5 20Hz 20kHz relative to signal at 1kHz 0 5dBu lt 0 003 O 1kHz 4dBu gt
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