Macao 2.6 User Guide
Contents
1. 4 7 Intermediate points 4 7 1 Delete The deletion of intermediate points is done either manually or automatically You can manually select the point and delete it Otherwise intermediate points are deleted when they are no longer necessary i e as soon as the point is aligned with two other points of the same edge The combination of this functionality with the reor ganization of anchorage points simplifies the work of the user Example 1 x Moving object P to P provokes the automatic disappearance of the intermediate point x 24 Stand alone Macao 1988 96 Model windows Example 2 Q When object 1 is moved the anchorage points are a This reorganization erases the intermediate point a Example 3 The deletion of the intermediate point a E a kes an automatic reorganization of the anchorage points while avoiding the crossing of the two arcs Series of deletions and reorganizations can be combined Example 4 The example here presents a functionality of Macao There is an intermediate point perfectly vertically aligned with an anchorage point When the user moves the object 1 the reorganization of the anchorage points moves the intermediate point to the right 4 7 2 Round corners It is possible to know an intermediate point s roudness by asking for Attributs If the information is asked for while Object s intermediate point is selected in the palette and no other object is sel2. Macao transmits these comments and can group the objects logically with their attributes The roundness of angles is also traced with res pect to the users habits Stand alone Macao 1988 96 Printing 5 5 Printing Macao like all programs on the Macintosh gives you the choice of printing formats LaserWriter amp Page Setup Paper US Letter Layout _1 Up Red enlarge N Printing formats and reduction enlargement on LaserWriters can be seen by dotted lines indicating page limits The printing format is preserved from one session to another in the saved document You can choose any range of pages or the whole docu ment to be printed and you can have Macao print any number of copies Page numbering is from left to right and then from top to bottom When you ask to print all pages Macao does not print those that are blank If you choose Destination File you can produce a PostScript or an EPS File conter Pages All From To Paper Source 7 S lane All First from AutoSelect w gt Printer In the next chapter we ll see how to use Macao in the AMI environment 1988 96 Version 2 6 29 Printing 30 Stand alone Macao 1988 96 Macao in AMI 6 Introduction The MARS project Methods and Analysis for Reliable Systems is intended to elaborate on a method of deve loping parallel computer systems Macao s user interface as well as the AMI Analysis M
3. that changes the size of the window to the size of the screen e the close box e the location icon lets you know where your window is positioned in the whole model The location icon page 27 e the pencil icon indicating if the user is able to modify le model e the grow box right corner button that lets you change the size of the window e the state bar lets you know the type of the current selected object or label e the grow and reduce icons The editing zone contains one object the information ES object It cannot be deleted but will not be copied nor print Stand alone Macao 1988 96 1988 96 2 Draw a model This object groups together general information about the model like its title the author s name or specific informa tion for the formalism For example Macao Fonctionalities Client server Model Color Pete J L Mourier The name of the service window is the name of the cur rent edited model Draw a model Everything is ready for the creation of a new model Example let us edit a model in the colored Petri net for malism AMI Net Such a model will be composed of nodes places and transitions and edges arcs To create an object you have to select it in the object area of the toolbox 2 5 1 Select the place object To select the place object put the cursor on the first icon of the second group of the toolbox by using the mouse and click You can o
4. After having regulated the transmission speed 19200 bauds is recommended select the Modem Port item The service window takes the name Modem Port and beco mes a Unix tty terminal window All the characters typed in the window are thus sent to the Unix machine Note The serial line connection allows Macao usage by modem The communication protocol efficiently manages this type of liaison 7 1 2 Unix AMI connection liZ 1 The Unix AMI environment will give the user access to a set of services In this version of Macao the user must connect to the Unix system with a login and password Connection example The service window behaves like a standard Unix window In the example below the user with login j1m connects to the Sun computer hermes hermes login jlm Password Last login Sun Apr 6 14712710 SunOS Release 4 0 3c hermes jim hermes To enter into communication with the AMI server choose the item Run Server in the AMI menu TCP IP connection The second connection method in a distributed environ ment is the TCP IP connection This has been implemen ted using MacTCP D To use it you need either a LocalTalk network and a localtalk ethernet gateway or a macintosh directly connected on ethernet When you choose TCP item in the sub menu Connection a message contacting IP address appears in the service window Register To use Macao in AMI you have to register your copy the first time you use it Se
5. DE copa q 11 3 Results WINGOW c ccccccsccescceccescceccesccescceccesccescsccescescescesces 12 End of session 1 Release Notes O 1988 96 37 6 1988 96 Preface About this manual This is the manual for version 2 6 of Macao software a eraph editor for the Apple Macintosh computer The first chapter Stand Alone Macao gets you started creating editing and printing graphs on a stand alone machine The second chapter Connected Macao details the use of Macao in connection with the AMI Analysis Modeling and Integration environment of the MARS Project Methods and Analysis for Reliable Systems You can also use Macao in connection with AMI version 2 also called FrameKit Differences between this version of Macao documentation and the previous one are outline by change bars See on the right Before you start Learning Macao is easy because it follows the Human Interface Guidelines described in the Apple Desktop Interface and used in numerous other software This manual assumes that you are familiar with terms like finder dialog box menu and that you know how to use the mouse to select click and move windows These topics are covered in the owner s guide of your Macin tosh published by Apple Computer Inc Configuration To use Macao you need e any Macintosh or compatible computer Macao does not run on a Macintosh Plus Macintosh SE Macintosh Classic Powerbook 100 or
6. any Macin tosh with a 68000 processor e a Sparc Station Solaris 2 3 or higher or an Hewlett Packard station HP UX 9 01 9 03 or 9 05 with MAE 2 0 2 Macintosh Application Environment from Apple Computer FTP site e MacOS 7 0 or higher The use of a color screen is better for some graphic mani pulations 4 FTP site Macao is licensed free of charge for use in educational and non profit organizations The official anonymous FTP site for Macao is ftp ftp ibp fr ibp softs masi ami binaries interface and ftp ftp ibp fr ibp softs masi ami documenta tion interface for its documents 8 Preface 1988 96 Example AMI Net 2 1 2 2 Stand alone Macao Introduction Macao is a graph editor Its functionalities are described in this first chapter Stand alone Macao Each type of graph is characterized by the type of nodes edges and labels associated with it This is called the graph s formalism Formalisms are defined externally in files You can distinguish Macao from other graph editors by its configurability It offers the same functionality for every formalism which decreases the learning time and the risk of mistakes Macao lets the user change parameters and aesthetic attributes of objects Macao allows user interacti vity and is perfectly suited to the user environment Macao can be connected to a Unix system cf Open a con nection page 31 and in doing so becomes the
7. associated attributes are deleted together with an object e All the edges starting from or arriving to a node are deleted together with the node To delete all the objects use the Select All entry in the Edit menu then push the Delete key or choose the Clear entry Stand alone Macao 1988 96 Textual attributes 2 7 Textual attributes The definition of a formalism contains a list of textual attributes associated with nodes and edges and default values for some of these attributes Default values can be seen by the user when s he enters another value To preserve their readability default values are usually not represented on the model Nor are they saved in order to minimize the size of model files 2 7 1 Add label to an object In the former section we have only presented how to draw objects However depending on the formalism under consideration many attributes can be associated with an object For instance in the Petri Net formalism a place has a name and a marking The user can enter the value of an attribute in two diffe rent ways e by using the label tool in the toolbox e by means of a dialog window 2 7 2 The Label tool The label tool makes it possible to associate text or a value to every attribute of an object First the label tool must be selected Using the mouse put the cursor on the second icon of the toolbox and click kT The cursor now looks like a capital T associated
8. dingly Macao leaves the button Create grey until an acceptable name is given Type the name of the view Click on create Once created the new view name appears at the bottom of the view menu Afterwards when the view is selected the objects of the view will appear selected 4 9 2 Choose Show and Hide View from the View Uie Create a View Showauiew P Hide a view P 1988 96 menu The View menu has two hierarchical menus Show a view and Hide a view These two menus show and hide views Logically enough when the objects disappear the model still remains coherent for example the textual attributes associated with the objects disappear as well Integration in the environment Macao s easy use strongly depends on its integration in the working environment i e the operating system and its possibilities to communicate with other programs Version 2 6 27 Small model Info gt E fae Small model AMl Het Kind Macao document Size 18K on disk 11 861 bytes used where Uranium Created Lun 1 Avr 1996 17 153 Modified Lun 1 Avr 1996 19 46 Version From Macao 1 496 2 4 Jean Luc MOUNIER 5 2 Locked x Stationery pad 5 3 5 4 28 Finder informations Finder informations The example shown here shows three integration points with the Finder e The formalism name appears below the file name e Creation and modifications times are maintained e Here the
9. every alignment constraint and moves aligned objects in real time If you want to cut the alignment use the command Cut the Ali enment from the Edit menu Version 2 6 19 20 Choose Copy Paste from the Edit menu If you want to temporaly inhibite a constraint press the command key before moving the objects 4 High level functions 4 1 Choose Copy Paste from the Edit menu 4 1 1 General copy paste Macao allows the user to copy a part of the graph and to paste it elsewhere Copy Paste takes into account the Macao graph semantic For example edges are not copied unless the beginning and the end objects are copied as well A textual attribute will not be copied without its parent object and if an object is copied all its attributes are also copied 4 1 2 Copy Paste the information node Cutting and pasting the information node is a specific case This object must always be present and you can only have one object per model This means that only the infor mation node s textual attributes are pasted 4 1 3 Paste again When objects are pasted they are placed off to one side of their original objects When these pasted objects are moved the objects that are pasted next are placed with the same distance This allows objects to be arranged in a regular manner 4 1 4 Copy Paste and formalisms When part of a model of a formalism is copied Macao checks the formalism when it pastes We cannot there
10. for detailed results Macao will explain every operation in the service window creating objects deleting objects explaining every step of the service You can copy this text and paste it into you favourite word processor To use this result for another service you have to save it with another name item Save As from the File menu It will become a new model for a Service Version 2 4 35 36 Results window 11 3 Results window 12 When the result of a service consists of showing objects and modifying textual attributes Macao groups these results in a result Window P F logs place Hembibre place Tsanshem In the above example the window gives you the results of the P Flows service It indicates that the result is composed of five flows and that the first one is actually shown on the screen 1 5 If you click on the small white arrow in the bottom part of the window Macao will show the second flow The text in the window is the name of the places and they are highlighted in color on a color screen in the model window If you want to get a textual description of results clic in the middle of the result window The textual description will be copied in the service window It is therefore recommend that you read the user manuals specific to each service to interpret the results End of session A any time the user may want to leave Macao This can be done by choosing Quit in the File menu If a service i
11. from the File menu 2 4 Choose a formalism o ccceeeeesscccccccccesssssssccccccccseessseccccsscsseeeessseseeess 2 Draw AO easoces senetises ee sean eae owrsaaenbesudesembeed enesundocvesnsagenbeaesereuteot teen 2 0 Pro o cia dn 100 2 OJ OCU rasa ee a 2 2 Draw Te VINCE OR a renee 2 9 32 pelech ihe ransiHon ODJEC ssrin EN e A AD RV DOs Delte OCS a A R Df Torakal DUTE CA 27 AA DELTO at ODO nsa EE ed 272 he AB FOO Mes R 2 daiads 2 7 3 Choose Attributes from the Edit menu 26 Davea COC OV seirer o n e e a cicbaBas s 2 8 1 Choose Save from the File menu e eereeeeeerreraaaaa Graphic manipulation Da Use a op MAS R e E R eee ds Reor onze conne HOn DOS a a ad ee a do 18 Oe MOVECO O ior ER RR S 18 Doc MOTO OA a a seeeicoaess 18 202 Usine Wie Key board TO MOVE ne ee ee 18 Oe Intermediate DORE ae dt ae dt oi 18 aba AR a rT 19 4 High level functions 20 4 1 Choose Copy Paste from the Edit menu ss 20 Dl Cieneralcop Paste E ase eer O O ee nenesteae se 20 4 1 2 Copy Paste the information MOC a nara 20 PRO Dor big E E eect RR ER RG RR RR eee 20 AAA COPY Paste And IORMANSMS needed renonce 20 LS Cop LO anomher ap pica HOME a ee a cn 20 4 2 Choose Duplicate from the Edit MN 20 ES oelecl am object py SAME de ed seen 21 BA DS a a oi 21 4 5 Modify the look of nodes zo en a io du 21 BO VOC Hy E PE OF OG Oaar EEEE EE EREE RTA 21 4 5 2 Choose Change size trom the Edit MR 22 4 5 3 Direct modific
12. possible to stop the question with a Stop button 10 2 Write lock 11 When a question is being asked the user should not modify the graph Otherwise the result will not make any sense More precisely the user is not allowed to make syntactic modifications He can do aesthetic modifications because the services aren t inflenced by aesthetic modifications moving objects changing fonts The pencil icon changes indicating that the user must not modify the model See the figure on the left Results of a service The results of the services depend upon which questions are asked It is therefore recommended that you read the user manuals specific to each service Macao in AMI 1988 96 1988 96 Textual results Some services need additional parameters while running These services ask the user for new parameters with stan dard dialog boxes Dialog boxes examples new value Type the new name of Process 2 Process Selection Type a new value When results have been computed they are sent to the user interface either in a textual or a graphic way 11 1 Textual results Textual results appear in the service window To get more information while receiving the results check the item Detailed Results from the AMI menu before asking for the question 11 2 Graphical results 3 A service may modify or create objects in the original model or in a new result model If you have asked
13. version field contains the creator of the document If you fill the version attribute in the node information the entered value will appear in the window shown Stationery pad The Macintosh Finder allows you to create stationery pads Stationery pads documents are special documents that the user creates as templates When you open this document see icon on the left Macao creates a copy of the document for you to modify The original document remains unchanged Help balloons Introduced with Apple s System 7 help balloons give the user access to a unified on line help for applications Macao incorporate this help into all of its menus and dia log boxes Not only do the help balloons define the menu actions they also explain why a menu is temporarily dim med Duplicate 3 D Clears or Removes the selected text Select All Se Al or objects from the active window but does not place the contents onto the chipboard Mot available because there 15 no selection amp Select some nodes and or edges Copy to another application Since Macao is not a general graphics application it must provide a flexible interface with other general programs such as ClarisDraw Copying and pasting is possible from Macao to ClarisDraw In an internal manner ClarisDraw interprets Quic kDraw commands that permit the drawing of Bezier cur ves and a certain number of QuickDraw comments that permit the grouping of objects
14. with an arrow You are now in the textual input mode and you must select an object in the model window 2 7 2 1 Add a label to an object Place the cursor on the object then hold the mouse button down and drag to the position where you want the label to appear Release the mouse button You can enter text in the writing area that appears The size of the area changes according to the number of characters you enter CL LAS name The state bar at the bottom of the model window is filled es with the name of the attribute being modified Note a label may be composed of several lines The size of the writing area will grow according to the size of the text To exit the textual input mode you can push the Enter key As you can see the attribute is the first attribute not cur rently filled If you want to choose another attribute immediately push down the Command key before clic king See the next section marking 2 7 2 2 Add a specific attribute component Place the cursor on the object push the command key and symbolic then the mouse button A popUp menu appears with the 1988 96 Version 2 6 15 16 Textual attributes available attributes for the object The checked attributes indicate attributes already entered Dimmed attributes cannot be modified Choose an attribute and release the mouse button You can enter text in the writing area that appears The size of the area changes according to the number of charact
15. The Macao graph editor User Guide version 2 6 June 1996 Jean Luc MOUNIER Laboratoire MASI Institut Blaise Pascal Universit Pierre et Marie Curie 4 place Jussieu 75252 Paris Cedex 05 Jean Luc Mounier masi ibp fr The Macao graph editor User Guide Special thanks to Kristine Lund for her help in the tranla tion THE AUTHOR MAKES NO WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLED INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE REGAR DING THE SOFTWARE IN NO ENVENT WILL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ANY CONSEQUENTIAL INCIDENTAL OR INDIRECT DAMAGES INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS BUSINESS INTERRUP TION ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE SOFTWARE BECAUSE SOME JURISDIC TIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITA TION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU You may not modify reverse engineer disassemble decompile or reduce the software to a human perceivable form or translate sub license resell for profit lend or leave any portion of the software 1988 96 Table of content The Macao graph editor User Guide Preface About this manual Before you start Configuration FTP site Stand alone Macao Introduction Introduction to Macao 2de Dart up Ne MaC OS cern enter eh ana capota 2 2 Open the Macao Application ss Mig COS OO aan ae a 2 3 Choose New
16. atch from the Edit menu all the nodes will be dispatched regularly from the top to the bottom or from the left to the right Sometimes the dis patch won t be exactly what you expected because the nodes will be placed on the magnetic grid 4 5 Modify the look of nodes 4 5 1 Modify the type of a node Every object in a formalism has an aesthetic part For example the aesthetic part consists of the object size or the default position of the textual attribute The user can modify the size as well as the visualization position of each of the attribute at his or her convenience Using the mouse position the cursor on the object in the toolbox that you want to modify Double click A dialog box will appear titled Object Information ee OD ject Information Type 1 Attribut Name marking as ee Default value LEA en Font Times gt SX The modification of the aesthetic part of the formalism is completely intuitive because Macao gives you the picture of the object and all of its attributes in their default posi tion in one window The user simply selects the attributes 1988 96 Version 2 6 21 Modify the look of nodes and moves them into a new position with each attribute It is also possible to associate a typography characterized by the font and the size In the left hand of the dialog box the object will appear centered in a frame the center and bottom right corner are marked by a square point Modifyi
17. ation of the size of a node ss 22 46 More about Tea QU DU1 CS oxtaesteaiaecanicesctosaressate ea balesenpetaveeratencenetartebigec ois 23 To LAIDE COO DOS ed me os 23 0206 INO EC E Tera a I E A A E 23 LO LEEGI Y E r E S E EE E O RR E E E E EE 24 dea NWOT IVC OVA Ue PONTES caa E E E E E E E 24 VAE CVC E E E E E N E E E 24 FP Eo aE e A E ca 25 BOs Model WINGO Wo ap de ee 25 8 L Choose Scale from the EM MENU sows iana 25 4 8 2 Choose New Window from the File MENU nm rs 26 ro MN FOC AO o A E E E E RR N CR e 27 BD ALA E ee RE 27 4 9 1 Choose Create a View from the View MENU 27 4 9 2 Choose Show and Hide View from the View menu ss 27 5 Integration in the environment 27 DL PINCE MAO ON AMAR DER PR de dd de 28 2 SLAtIONCI Pal sserasoramara ee aeb ee postas netos 28 oo H o DMO beja E E E et 28 5 4 Copy toanolherapplcanonm asas se aan oo nice 28 DO E MINN see ea ee Co dos 29 4 O 1988 96 Macao in AMI 6 Introduction 7 Open a connection 7 1 Serial line connection ss 7 1 1 Choose the communication parameters 2 1 2 Unix AMI COMME CHON wcsacosssancerosccnccqnanesanssivanssnangsenascasaoaeeanansenenis 72 ICP IP COC Ci Oi esii n eia 8 Register 9 Open a session 10 Runa service 10 1 ASK A QUES OM ess eee 10 2 Write LOCK vest es anne eee sense cesse sos 11 Results of a service 11 1 Textual results ccc ccc cccccscccscccscccsccccccsccsccenccasccanccascsescanscaecs 11 2 Cea NCA gs
18. bserve e A modification of the cursor that now looks like the selected object The selection continues as long as the user does not select another object in the toolbox e The indication of the type of the selected object place in this case in the identification zone of the toolbox Let us start by drawing places 2 5 2 Draw the place object Place the cursor anywhere in the editing area of the model window and click A place has been drawn The circle that represents it is drawn with a bold line in red on a color screen It remains selected The state bar at the bottom of the model window is filled with the type of the selected object We are going to draw a second place As the cursor still looks like a circle we do not need to select the place object from the toolbox Place the cursor somewhere else in the editing area of the model window and click A second place has been drawn We now need to edit a transition Version 2 6 13 e b Undo db Cut SH Copy 460 Paste LI Select All A 14 Delete objects 2 5 3 Select the transition object By using the mouse put the cursor on the second icon of the second group of the toolbox and click Place the cursor in the editing area of the model window and click A transition has been drawn represented by a rectangle Three nodes have been created in the editing area of the model window We are now going to link the transition to the out
19. d alone Macao 1988 96 More about textual attributes 4 6 More about textual attributes 4 6 1 Attribut dialog box You can select several objects in the model window and choose Attributes from the Edit menu Macao will open as many dialog windows if it is reasonably small Here is an example Attribute Wolue for attribute name name domain mark ing component symbol ic global name e To pass from one area to the next one you can use the Tab key e To pass from one area to the previous one you can press shift and the Tab key e To choose another attribute in the Attribute area press the appropriate arrow key e To choose another attribute in the Value area press command key and the appropriate arrow key 4 6 2 The Note area You can add a note comment to any node or edge of a model Click the small triangle at the bottom of the Attri bute window and type the comment Later you can see the note if you activate balloons help help key and move the pointer on the object 1988 96 Version 2 6 23 Intermediate points Start place start Start iz the first step 4 6 3 Text style In the attribute window you can change the text styles Select the range of text and choose appropiate font size and style in the Text menu Chicago Attribute Courier FERE benera guard Helvetica priority Monaco Er Palatino global name Revue Symbol Times
20. ected the then modification will con cern the default value of all the intermediate points that have been and will be drawn If an intermediate point is selected the roundness will concern only that point The window below allows the user to change the round ness value Round Corners E Points 4 8 Model windows 4 8 1 Choose Scale from the Edit menu The user may work on the entire page but s he may also see part of the model in a window The user may also change the scale of this window 1988 96 Version 2 6 25 Model windows When the user chooses Scale in the Edit menu a dialog box appears permitting the scale change in the current win dow The user inputs a reasonable value between 25 and 400 and clicks OK The picture in the window adapts immediately to the new scale Scale Cancel Note The item Scale from the Edit menu always follows the scale of the current window 4 8 2 Choose New Window from the File menu If you want to simultaneously see another part of the model or the same part with a different scale with Macao choose New Window from the File A window with scale of 100 will appear You may move this window where you wish and change the scale size Macao gives the window s name a suffix of 2 indicating that it is the second window on the model A classic usage would consist of having one reduced win dow representing the whole model and one window for working in deta
21. ed by server name The communication is opened with AMI 1 6 In case of a problem contact your AMI administrator or Cpn amifmasti ibp r 10 Run a service A new menu Services appears in the menu bar Services This menu groups together every question you can ask AMI with your model It unifies the services access If you haven t analysed the model before the Service menu only contains the item Verification The verification consist of the analysis of your model indi cating syntactic or semantic errors 4 If the button Register does not appear hold down the option key before choosing the About Macao item 1988 96 Version 2 4 33 34 Ask a question When the verification is finished or you have already verified the Verification item is replaced by every question you can ask for the model The menu depends on the class of the model here place transition or colored Petri net Services Flows Prototyping k Services Structural Properties P Graph Properties Linear Properties p Reductions P Prototyping b Simulation P Simulation d ES Reductions SubClasses 10 1 Ask a question When you choose an item in the Service menu a tempo rary floating window appears telling you that the service is running In this window a grey bar will indicate the data transmis sion from Macao to AMI Different messages will also tell you what is going on in the service For some services it is
22. ers you enter 2 7 3 Choose Attributes from the Edit menu 1 2 Select an object in the model window and choose Attribu tes from the Edit menu A dialog window appears The window is composed of an Attribute area with every attri bute names and an input area where you can change the attributes values The name of the window is the name of the objet or its internal number Attribute Ualue for attribute name name domain mark ing component symbol ic global name You can now update the attributes of the object To change an attribut s value clic the attribut name in the Attribut area then clic the Value area The modification of an attribute is done by entering a string The modifica tions are validated by clicking the OK button In case of m when entering information click the Cancel but ton You will have more information in More about textual attributes page 23 The model is now partially described The document can be saved to a file by means of the usual commands in the File menu of the Macintosh Every object has an internal number in Macao This number identifies the object In every dialog window according to the style guide of the Macintosh user interface the Esc key is equivalent to Cancel and the Enter key is equivalent to OK Stand alone Macao 1988 96 Undo Cut Copy Paste Clear Duplicate Select All Scale 100 Magnetism A
23. fore copy one formalism s model into another one On the other hand it is possible to copy the model of a given for malism into a more recent version of the same formalism In this way the formalism of the model is kept up to date 4 1 5 Copy to another application cf Copy to another application page 28 4 2 Choose Duplicate from the Edit menu If you want to quickly copy objects in the same model Duplicate is the good item You can choose this item seve ral times to obtain shift copies General rules concerning textual attributes Copy Paste are the same for Duplicate but edges and intermediate points are also duplicate This allows you to duplicate objects connected to their environment A quick way to duplicate objects is to press the Option key while moving the objets Stand alone Macao 1988 96 Select an object by its name 4 3 Select an object by its name In order to help the user to find an object whose name s he knows Macao interprets keystrokes as selectors of object names Pressing a for example selects all the objects beginning with the letter a You cannot however be in text input mode Macao sets a timer on keystrokes keystrokes in rapid succession form a string keystrokes spaced in time are processed separately Macao produces a beep as soon as the user types an object s full name 4 4 Dispatch If you select a set of nodes that are vertically or horizon tally aligned and choose Disp
24. il on one part of the model All of the windows are editing windows and everything that takes place in one window is automatically updated in the others Below a node is moved untitled root 1 Warning All of these windows are representations of the same page of a model Only the initial page is saved 26 Stand alone Macao 1988 96 Views Note You can make as many new windows as you like on a given model The only limit is the available memory 4 8 3 The location icon 4 9 For models that are greater than the screen it is useful to locate the picture within the whole page This is possible by using the location icon situated at the bottom of the model window It shows you what your window position is with respect to the work space Click on the location icon All of the nodes and the attributes of the model appear in a reduced form and a dotted rectangle indicates the win dow s position on the page Views When building a complex model the user may find it use ful to define different views hide them select them and make them reappear The view system is very useful once one the model beco mes cluttered especially if there is a lot of text Hiding views permits the user to work on a model that is less complicated 4 9 1 Choose Create a View from the View menu Cancel ere ee ded ge A dialog box appears asking the user to name the view The views must all have different names in Macao Accor
25. nd a mail to ami register masi ibp fr or a fax at 33 01 44 27 62 86 telling us i Your name ii Company iii IP Address of the Sun used for AMI iv HostID of this Sun pi or TCP IP Control Panel Macao have been tested under Open Transport 1 1 Mac OS 7 5 3 but it does not use the Open Trasport API Macao in AMI 1988 96 TCP IP connection You will receive a password for Macao and for services in AMI These passwords allow you to run Macao and AMI for a certain amount of time and for unlimited copies of Macao Without any password you can still work with Macao standalone Choose About Macao in the Apple menu and click on the Register button fill the differents fields and click Quit 9 Open a session The user must be identified under both connection methods Since a simple TCP IP connection does not iden tify a user anyone is allowed to connect to a TCP port the user s name and password are sent to AMI and the services are run under her his unix account The serial connection follows the normal Unix login procedure and thus the user is identified You have to give your AMI name which can be different from your Unix account and your password at least five characters Bullets appear instead of letters AMI FramekKit User Name Password Cancel The following message will appear in the service window contacting AMI CPN AMI 1 x at lt ip number gt The user has been identifi
26. ng the object s size con sists of moving the point in the corner with the help of the mouse Notes 1 The modifications are recorded When the size or font of an object is modified all the objects of the same type in the model are modified 2 Position modifications of text attributes are not applied until the next creation of new attributes 4 5 2 Choose Change size from the Edit menu If you select a set of nodes of different types you can modify their size horizontal and or vertical Choose Change size from the Edit menu Macao will draw a dialog window for every kind of node transition Default 6 Pt Default 20 Pt The values are the horizontal and vertical size Note that an empty field indicates that the size in not the same for every selected objects Default values are defined in the formalism file and can be changed for a model see Modify the type of a node page 21 4 5 3 Direct modification of the size of a node Cr Macao allows us to punctually modify a node s size Ea Select the node then re click in the bottom right corner of Bde the object and drag until you obtain the desired size Macao changes the object s size and the object remains centered in its initial position while conserving its align ment with the other objects Note If the horizontal and vertical size of the object is identical for example a circle this equality will be con served when the size is changed 22 Stan
27. nu fol der items The File menu allows file manipulations and printing from Macao The Edit menu gives standard Macintosh operations like Cut Paste Copy and graphical manipula tions Stand alone Macao 1988 96 NEL SE M Open a6 0 Close LL 1988 96 Choose New from the File menu The View menu will be described in the section Views page 27 The Text menu will be used to change text styles The AMI menu will be used for the connection to the spe cification environment cf Run a service page 33 If it does not appear please see Register page 32 2 2 1 Create a model 20 2 4 You can create a new model from the File menu A model represents data from the user It can be a problem description that can be solved by the AMI environment or a result created by the environment Every model has been described by means of the basic objects of a forma lism Choose New from the File menu A dialog box appears this occurs when Macao needs more information to complete a command Here you ll have to choose the formalism of your new model from the formalism files proposed by Macao The dialog box shows formalism files or folders and allows you to browse through the file hierarchy using the standard Macintosh techniques Formalism Choose a formalism Choose a formalism AMI Net for example and click on the open button A new
28. odeling and Integration environment have been developed in the interest of this project Macao is more than a simple graph editor It offers a user friendly homogenous interface for accessing and execu ting application programs in the AMI environment These application programs are seen as services offered to the user A service is a manipulation that can be carried out on a eraph It allows the user to design a specific action and to apply it to the model A service is carried out by an appli cation A session corresponds to the execution of a service on a model The session is a dynamic notion while the service is static Sih TP 7 Open a connection Modem Port 3M There are two ways to connect Macao to the AMI environ AppleTalk d ment by serial line protocol or by TCP IP Local Serial line connection oo The first connection method is point to point using a serial 1200 bauds 1 2400 bauds line between the Macintosh and a Unix machine This con 9600 bauds 9 nection is very useful as it can be implemented in just 19200 bauds about all Unix environments It allows Macao to be used in a minimal environment composed of one Unix station on HOff and one Macintosh no Ethernet network or Gateway No Parity Even Parity 7 1 1 Choose the communication parameters Odd Parity The menu shown here is a hierarchical menu of the item d bits Connection of the AMI menu 6 bits 31 32 PA TCP IP connection
29. ot the edges but the centers of the objects are aligned The horizontal and the vertical definition of the grid can be separately modified Version 2 6 17 0 2 3 3 Reorganize connection points Reorganize connection points Macao lets you place nodes and draw edges Your work will be simpler because Macao automatically takes cares of anchored points on nodes To achieve this Macao com putes several algorithms depending of the form of each node These predefined algorithms are a part of the aes thetic of a formalism When nodes are circles the arc is drawn in the direction of the center of the node When the node is a rectangle Macao dispatches anchored points along the nearest border In the figure on the left object 1 is linked to object 3 The anchored point is exactly at the middle of object 3 When you link object 2 to object 3 the arrow moves so that the two edges are regularly dispatched on object 3 In the third case moving object 2 to the left of object 1 implies a permutation of the two edges In the last case objects one and three are aligned The con nector has the priority over the other connectors at the moment of the anchorage point s calculation The connec tor coming from object 1 is therefore in the center of object 3 and the other connector is placed in the center of the remaining space Anchored points are automatically computed when objects are modified or when intermediate point
30. put place To do so we need to select the arc object from the toolbox 2 5 4 Draw arcs 2 6 By using the mouse put the cursor on the first icon of the third group of the toolbox and click The cursor now looks like an arrow Editing an arc between two objects consists of drawing a line between the source object and the destination object Place the cur sor on the transition then push the mouse button and move the cursor to the place without releasing the but ton until the place has been selected Release the mouse button The arc becomes the selected object In case of error starting or arriving out of a node connec ting incompatible nodes you will hear a beep An arrow is automatically drawn at the end of the arc The arc now starts from the middle of the transition con nection point and arrives on the edge of the place The connection points are automatically computed and re eva luated each time an arc is added or deleted Remark Macao controls the compatibility of the source and destination nodes for every type of edge This infor mation is part of the description of the formalism For another arc place the cursor on the transition then push the mouse button and move the cursor to another place without releasing the button until the place has been selected Release the mouse button Delete objects The following rules are used each time a graphic object is deleted whatever the formalism e All the
31. s running s he is asked to Stop or to Carry out the service on the Unix station If you ve made changes since last saving any model a dia log box reminds you to save those changes before Macao closes Macao in AMI 1988 96 Appendix 1 Release Notes Since version 2 4 Improved read file speed Improved floating window handling Improved dialog handling dimmed fead back Duplicate command added Improved scaling Multiple open file from the finder Stationery aware Aliases aware Help balloon aware Core AppleEvent aware New file when opening directly from a formalism file in the finder Saving in tempory item folder A bug in saving in the incorrect folder was fixed Improved interactive dialogs for some services Clean up for PowerPC MAE 1 0 support Compatibility Copy Paste with Microsoft Word 5 1 has been improved Other minor bugs fixed Since version 2 5 Text Styles in attributes Changing multiple objects sizes Better object routing MAE 2 0 support Some Text Drag and Drop Some hierarchical formalisms Saving windows position and size Many minor bugs fixed 37 38 Appendix 1988 96 This Macao manual was written edited and composed on a desktop publishing system using Apple Macintosh computers and FrameMaker software Every brand or product names are trademarks or registe red trademarks of their respective holders
32. s or edges are created Move objects 3 3 1 Move manually To move a set of objects you must first select them then click an object of the set and drag it to its final position before you release the mouse button While you are drag ging the objects Macao computes the edges of every node and these edges move in real time with the mouse wee The edges linking the dragged objects with objects that 7 have not been selected move accordingly This operation r gives the user a visual feed back D 3 3 2 Using the keyboard to move 3 4 18 Objects can also be moved by means of the keyboard arrows This is the best way to obtain a horizontally or vertically precise movement The step of the move is one grid unit To move more quickly press shift and the appro priate arrow key Intermediate points Macao lets the user create intermediate points on edges To get such an intermediate point you have to select the Stand alone Macao 1988 96 1988 96 3 5 Align edge and pull it to the desired position The intermediate point remains selected and looks like a small red square black on a black and white screen The figure below shows the creation of two intermediate points one on the bottom and the other on the top C1 Z o oO emb M embi M emb M C2 C2 C2 rech A rech H rechi E There are two ways to delete an intermediate point manually or automatically To do it manually just select it and pres
33. s the delete key Automatic deletion is explained cf Intermediate points page 24 in High level func tions Align Object alignment is an essential feature for aesthetic net design Most of the tools provide this by means of a grid or a set of specific alignment commands Macao improves these functions while taking into account the graph s par ticularities and the users habits Drawing programs provide a full set of alignment options These commands are often complex because they cannot be supported by the graph semantic On the other hand Macao offers only one command Align Howe ver the program deduces the user s intention For exam ple when s he selects a set of objects that are roughly vertically aligned Macao understands that s he wants a vertical alignment because a horizontal alignment would put the objects on top of each other If these objects are nodes or intermediate points Macao aligns their center Certain objects like text or intermediate points have the benefit of a different grid than that of nodes This grid allows then to align intermediate points as a function of anchorage points Please note that Macao automatically centers text when it is moved near the center of a node Macao keeps alignment constraints This means that if the user moves one of the objects previously aligned all ali ened objects will move together in the same direction see figure on the left Macao remembers
34. ttributes Reorganize Align Dispatch Cut the Alignment 1988 96 2 8 Save a document Save a document Macao uses the standard Macintosh functions for saving work during or at the end of a session You can use com mands Save or Save as from the File menu You can also simply close the model window or quit the application and you will be prompted to save 2 8 1 Choose Save from the File menu When you save a model for the first time you re asked to give it aname Models Y Note when you save a file again Macao temporarily saves the file in the Tempory Items folder located at the root level of the volume then it copies the file in the correct location In case a problem arises while saving the file the old file is still there If there is no problem the tempory file is deleted automatically When your file is saved you can either keep on working on the model section 3 page 17 or quit the application while choosing Quit from the File menu In this section Introduction to Macao we have introdu ced the basic facilities of the graph editor Macao offers many other possibilities that we describe in the next sec tion Graphic manipulation Use the magnetic grid Macao offers a magnetic grid that allows you to automati cally create aligned objects The grid can be temporarily desactivated by using the Magnetism entry in the Edit menu When the grid function is activated n
35. user inter face of a set of applications to make calculations on graphs called models Introduction to Macao The goal of this chapter is to introduce the use of Macao with examples The major concepts and the principal functionalities of Macao are described Let us see how to start Macao Start up the Macintosh If you ve got Macao on a disk insert the Macao disk into the disk drive The disk contains the Macao application Macao file formalism files for example AMI Net or Graph and example files Copy these files onto your hard disk A formalism file contains the description of each kind of node edge and associated label Open the Macao Application Open Macao with a double click Open the Macao Application The Macao menu bar appears historic Macao macaofmasi ibp fr After a welcome message the service window comes up The window name is historic Macao uses the service window to inform the user of cer tain events errors different steps It is especially useful when you use Macao in AMI as it receives textual results from applications and maintains historical commands cf Textual results page 35 Messages begining with are Macao s internal errors If you know how to reproduce them please send a mail to macao masi ibp fr 10 You are ready to work with Macao The Apple menu gives information about Macao and gives you access to desk accessories and Apple me
36. window appears in which you will draw your model The toolbox in the upper right corner of the screen con tains tools and graphic formalism objects It consists of four groups the first for the basic tools the second and the third are for the formalism s objects the last one for intermediate point tool for the edges The lower part of the palette is the identification zone It contains the name Version 2 6 11 12 Choose a formalism of the graphic tool currently selected Now it is the arrow pointer Select AMI Het j m r Olje sb Select Toolbox e The first group are basic tools for the graph manipu lation The selection tool and the label tool e The second group contains the formalism nodes place transitions for the Petri net example e The third group defines the edges e The last icon is the intermediate point tool for the edges Notes The toolbox is a floating window this means that it is always in front of the other windows and can be put in any place on the screen You can recognize floating win dows by their special smaller title bar The model window contains the new document The title bar contains the name of the file This name is suffixed by Root 1 which means that it is the first window on the root page cf Results of a service page 34 This window contains e An editing zone e thetitle bar e the two scrolling bars e the zoom box top right corner
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