FURCH software, detailed user guide. Version 2.011
Contents
1. Installation of the FURCH software Installation on Windows OSs FURCH is a GNU Linux Gtk gcc project However gcc and Gtk have been ported on Windows and so FURCH will also work on Windows 98 SE 2000 and XP At present time FURCH is using gcc and Gtk as they are implemented into Dev Cpp Professional programs have automatic installation softwares and smart amateur s ones also My knowledge is much too limited on that particular question so you will have to install FURCH by hand However this is easy for Windows and it may avoid you some conflicts with your already installed softwares As for any installation of a Windows program you need dynamic libraries For FURCH on the XP OS or W2000 OS you will download the following dll iconv dll intl dll libatk 1 0 0 dll libcairo 2 dll libgdk win32 2 0 0 dll libgdk_pixbuf 2 0 0 dll libglib 2 0 0 dll libgmodule 2 0 0 dll libgobject 2 0 0 dll libgtk win32 2 0 0 dll libpango 1 0 0 dll libpangocairo 1 0 0 dll libpangowin32 1 0 0 dll libpng 13 dll zlib1 dll 32 Now the question is Where to put these libraries The first possibility is Somewhere into your PATH The variable PATH is a list of directories where the system searches for the libraries it needs The system searches first into the first directory of its list then into the second etc The search stops to the first find You can visualize your PATH list in ope2. Theorders Width pix BOOK A529 sa capstoeas n cr dean E EEE E A A 12 The orders Nb char line NB line Dy pages cj s 35 cc astesaxicsads auckavcaessh ac teansvaaniapa bocaxeeanctas passat okt 12 TAME STS TALC 2 dices e e a ea tecaton eas a deca aul etalse E cucastaretgsaeaeaNaeuca ae 14 Theidictionary Nori Sse ieee sh soa ada wotnia cd E E sds rege clad eva ania E RE ee aeteaa pale emo aes 15 The problem of accentuated or special Characters s sc icdssiee tans ican vies rsedeatin Sassaucenavs oeease 16 Thesimplified NOT ccccs cere Atedses Asaiaw adns Aas i a aA E aa Sd ean ceed 17 Dictionary AUT ASE Saclay ee e n dares acess on vee aud a a cad gg oe em gauss N Mesa snes 18 Dictionary ENIES sa ions dias lacis aa E A A ATA EEES A RY OE ATA EO E EEA ARTAN AEA 19 Ae SOU Far Normocsissire iie a oR Ye E E ETE E E E A N RE 20 The dictionary ANAS en nea a E eb TR AO raw ee ane 20 Thegrammati cal abbreviations ssenirioiasii nei a E wae O E 21 The di tionary entry hessen p a a a E a a ari 22 Links can be put into the entry lines sosssedcs Gaesuecg en eased aaa a saoe aa eeiasd ates 23 The numbering of the Para Strap WS 240 645 shicsas va duactus case estessen ches seeeee saddaasseeodac wAresauovoomeases eee 24 Special features for level 0 paraGtapis si c5fe csk achoySeaseht sev eadsFehadasstesdesueveneateseelanisvancnshapedesaees 28 The regular norm tips anid tricks 04 ooops ewasetuicser aes tnearaslia catee ute aves Waseca aes 29 Secondary entries in
3. are determined into the gtkb re file This will be explained later We must distinguish two different cases for Linux and for a MS Windows operating system For Linux For Linux you must choose a font which is into your system For that you have two commands xlsfonts and xfontsel In a console window the command xlsfonts gt file name will list all the fonts available into your Linux system Their names will be written into the file file name You can read this file with any text editor such as vi vim gvim emacs etc The command xfontsel starts a small program that is able to display the fonts Most fonts on Linux are not scalable that is to say you cannot make their size vary in a continuous fashion You have only a few discrete sizes available for example on my computer for the font courier I have the following SIZES 8 10 11 12 14 17 gt 26 34 So sizes 13 15 16 27 28 does not exist If you ask for one of the lacking sizes the program will automatically revert to its default font without any warning This 11 may be rather confusing because you will not have a continuous behavior of your fonts appearance Fonts are also variable width or fixed width ones The most current fixed width fonts and sizes are lucidatypewriter 8 10 11 12 14 17 gt 26 34 courier 8 10 11 12 14 17 gt 26 34 fixed 12 gt 16 18 24 If you want to select
4. style button_red bg NORMAL 0 8 0 8 1 0 fg NORMAL 1 0 0 0 0 0 font_name Helvetica Bald 17 The black noir button is special as it is used not only for words on the page but also for the command buttons on the lower part of the book page This is why it has not only a NORMAL state but also PRELIGHT ACTIVE and INSENSITIVE states The names such as button_red are only references for software coding you can of course take any color you want and you can choose blue letters for your red button if you prefer The same is true for the other button families such as the family of blue buttons You can have all your writings in black if you prefer not to distinguish expressions from the other words A difference of color between the single words and the compound expression is not necessary any more in FURCH version 2 because if you have your mouse pointer on one of the words forming the expression this one will be entirely highlighted That was not true in version 1 The dictionary norms An important problem for FURCH is to display the information into the dictionary window in the most possible pleasant and agreeable way As we have seen we can have in the present software release up to 3 columns one for each recognized language The user is free to set up for each column its width in pixels and the number of characters will be determined by the software You have also to divide your text into paragraphs
5. we must not only give kozeal but also its stem koze otherwise a word like kozeomp we talk will not be recognized The expression en em will be recognized everywhere without difficulty because it does not vary At present time the software is not able to recognize expressions with variable parts verbs conjugated different pronouns etc The order Width_pix_dico We must define the size of the different windows presented in the first part of this tutorial The GTK2 software does allow adjustments by a click and drag process so we can adjust the book and dictionary windows As we have already seen the dictionary window is divided into 3 sub windows one for each language French Breton English in the order you have already chosen by Order_dico You must choose the size of each sub window For example Width _pix_dico gt 260 260 260 lt If as above the sum of the sub window sizes is superior to the size of the total dictionary window then a horizontal ruler is automatically created Remark It is not necessary to have 3 equal numbers for the parameters of the order Width_pix dico The order Color_i_dico withO lt i lt 4 As you have seen in the presentation guide 5 background colors have been used when displaying the lines of the dictionaries A white background is for an ordinary line A very light green background is used each time we have a new main paragraph that is
6. Breton F gt 2 wordl word_kltg ag Adverbe F gt 2 0 0 Some text in French translation of the Breton E gt 1 wordl word _kltg ag Masculine noun E gt 1 0 0 Some text in English which is the translation of the text in Breton E gt 2 wordl word_kltg ag Adverb E gt 2 0 0 Some text in English translation of the Breton However this is not the only possibility You can also regroup the first meaning with the 3 languages and then have the second meaning with also its 3 languages B gt 1 wordl word_kltg ag Anv gourel B gt 1 0 0 Some text explaining the meaning of the masculine noun wordl F gt 1 wordl word_kltg ag Nom masculin F gt 1 0 0 Some text in French which is the translation of the text in Breton E gt 1 wordl word_kltg ag Masculine noun E gt 1 0 0 Some text in English which is the translation of the text in Breton B gt 2 wordl word_kltg ag Rakverb B gt 2 0 0 Some text explaining the meaning of the adverb word1 F gt 2 wordl word_kltg ag Adverbe F gt 2 0 0 Some text in French translation of the Breton E gt 2 wordl word_kltg ag Adverb E gt 2 0 0 Some text in English translation of the Breton Other mix are also possible You will of course choose the configuration which is best for the writing and the correction of your article When you have a lot of explanations for each meaning of the word the second configuration may be better 28 Speci
7. are signaling a mild security problem with that solution Once you have installed the libraries you will create a new directory for example Q2 11 in that directory you will put the executable furch exe and the other text files needed by the software You need dibenn a list of recognized word endings furch conf the FURCH configuration file gtkb re the configuration file for gtk You need also the dictionaries which are quoted into the furch conf file At the time of the software s version 2 011 you need the dictionaries dicol_quere the first volume of the Qu r dictionary 33 dico2_quere the second volume of the Qu r dictionary rolll_kltg a lexicon for words written in KLTG roll2_kltg the second volume of words written in KLTG yezhl_ kltg a lexicon for irregular verbs etc in KLTG splfl_ex an example of dictionary for the simplified norm Then you need the text files which will be displayed in the book window Each file is considered to be a book These files must be latin text They can be formatted with tags like NP NPO or be not formatted So you can display texts generated by softwares such that OpenOffice MS Words etc One example of formatted text is sarmonioul txt which you can download at the FURCH or GUTENBERG web sites The source code has also been included into the package proposed for download You don t need these files except i
8. gs ger stagani linking particle r rannig particle rv rannig verb verb particle rga raganv pronoun rgaw raganv gwregel feminine pronoun rgaw raganv gourel masculine pronoun rgg raganv gour personal pronoun rkg rakger prefix rkv rakverb adverb 22 stg stagell conjunction stgu stagell genurzhiafi co ordination conjunction tl tro lavar expression cast of style v verb conjugated verbs may be indicated by vnn where nn are two digits Ete The FURCH software is using some of the above abbreviations to perform grammatical checking before suggesting a word meaning This is particularly true for conjugated verbs The dictionary entry lines We are now ready to explain how to introduce a new dictionary entry It would be more exact to speak of an entry line It is a line less than 100 characters long which is beginning by a sign Below we have a few lines extracted from the dictionary dicol_quere douar 1 ag 0 il n y a qu une seule entree pour douar B gt 1 douar douar ag liester douaro u douareier agl At that place we have the entry douar earth in the dictionary dicol_quere As for the simplified norm we indicate that we have an entry by the sign We have then the word or expression up to a sign which itself precedes a number which is the number of different grammatical identitie
9. such tools has yet to come What has been said above was true a few years ago and the situation has improved a lot with distributions like Ubuntu but you still have to install pre compiled packages specific to your distribution For the FURCH software we will try to turn around the difficulties and give 34 indications so anyone who is not a specialist will have a reasonable amount of chances to successfully install the software The FURCH software is very simple it only makes use of standard C functions and of the GTK2 library It uses also only standard GTK functions As gcc and GTK are in every distribution you will only have to install these two libraries the complete versions also called development versions Both libraries will be compatible because they are from the same distribution You will also need the make package which is in all the distributions Once you have installed these three packages and often they are already there by default you will make the compilation make f makegtkb2 With that line the order make uses the Makefile makegtkb2 which you can download together with the two header files and the source files of the software gtkb2_0 h gtkb2_ftexte h gtkb2 c gtkb2_1 c gtkb2_2 c gtkb2_3 c gtkb2_4 c gtkb2_5 c gtkb2_6 c gtkb2_7 c gtkb2_8 c gtkb2_9 c The order make will compile link the files and generate the executable furch x It will also launch the execution of the so
10. take these values in the furch last_state file and modify accordingly the furch conf file Then even if you quit the application by destroying the main window you will have good default values for your window sizes The orders Nb_char_line Nb_line_by_page These orders are used to give default values for the number of characters by line and 13 the number of lines by page These values will be used whenever possible Of course they cannot be used when we have a book in the original format so they are overlooked with the tags NPO NHO NTO NFO When we have a formated text with tags NP NH NT NF the number of characters by line will be taken into account When we have an unformatted text both default values will be used Here is an example for the use of these orders Nb char by line Number of characters by line This parameter is used to display texte whenever possible Nb char line gt 53 lt Nb line by page Number of lines by page This parameter is used to display texte whenever possible Nb line by page gt 32 lt Remark It would have been better to let the software determine the number of characters by line and the number of lines by page but the programming for that purpose would have been difficult Something of that kind as already been done for the dictionary windows however 14 The gtkb rc file The gtkb rc file is in fac
11. the first font with size 17 you will write the line Font_dico gt Lucida bald 17 lt Into Linux you have also variable width fonts Some very current ones are helvetica 8 10 11 12 14 17 18 20 24 25 34 lucida 8 10 11 12 14 17 18 19 20 24 25 26 34 Example Font _dico gt Helvetica bald 18 lt In order to use the helvetica font you can insert the following line into the furch conf file Font_ dico gt Helvetica bald 20 lt You can try medium normal bold italic For Windows At present time there is no difference between Linux and Windows for the FURCH software The orders Horiz_pix_total Verti_pix_total As was said earlier version 2 011 of the FURCH software has adjustable windows However the default size of the main window is set in the furch conf file by the orders Horiz_pix_total and Verti_pix_total For example Horiz_pix_total gt 1200 lt Verti_pix_total gt 850 lt 12 Of course you must choose the fonts into your book window in agreement with the size you have imposed to your window If the lines are too long or if you have too many line you will not be able to display your whole page but horizontal and vertical lift rulers will automatically appear and they will allow you to position at will the page you are displaying The fonts which are used into the book window are determined into the gtkb rc configuration file The order Wid
12. used in front of the digits with the same effect Secondary entries in a regular norm dictionary We have already seen that an entry in a regular norm dictionary was a line beginning by a character However the writing of a dictionary is a very long process We will have to wait for years before we have enough words in the data base for the FURCH software to become really useful That is why in the hope of speeding up somewhat the process the notion of secondary entry has been introduced A secondary entry is a word which is defined inside an article written for a primary entry For example in an article written for the word priest the words parish priest and vicar have been defined A secondary entry is indicated in the dictionary by the notation lt word gt and its translation by word Inside the marked segment we put the secondary entry and optionally grammatical tags like the usual ag aw rkv The grammatical tags are never displayed on the screen but they may be used internally by the software Another problem is for the use of capital letters The software will systematically transform the first letter of a word in a secondary entry to lower case for its data base index except if we write lt Word gt The point after lt indicates to the software that it must do that This behaviour is useful for proper names Except for the first letter the other upper case letters remain unchanged i
13. where x y are as above digits used to class the paragraphs In order to facilitate the separation of the word different meanings or grammatical genders the first line of the paragraphs B gt 1 B gt 2 B gt 3 will appear on the dictionary window with a light green background For all the other paragraphs the first line will have a light blue background We have already seen how to adjust these colors in the furch conf file So far we have only considered the case of paragraphs written in Breton Those written in French will be numbered F gt 1 F gt 1 0 x y Fol l x y F gt 1 2 x y F gt 2 and those written in English E gt 1 E gt 1 0 x y E gt 1 1 x y E gt 1 2 x y E gt 2 You are not obliged to regroup the paragraphs according to the language you must simply have the paragraphs of each language classed in a natural fashion disregarding the other languages Below you have a valid ordering where the Breton has been put first and then the French and English B gt 1 wordl word_kltg ag Anv gourel B gt 1 0 0 Some text explaining the meaning of the masculine noun wordl B gt 2 wordl word_kltg ag Rakverb B gt 2 0 0 Some text explaining the meaning of the 27 adverb wordl F gt 1 wordl word_kltg ag Nom masculin F gt 1 0 0 Some text in French which is the translation of the text in
14. with the more information will be at the first place This priority may vary from word to word the same dictionary doesn t have always more information on each word Here also the information present in any the dictionary may be reached of course The order Order_dico Example Order dico gt F B E lt You can choose the display order of the dictionaries into the dictionary window For example I have on all the figures chosen to display the Breton part in the middle with the French to its left and the English to its right This is easier for the debugging of the dictionaries You can modify that choice by changing the arguments of the order Order dico For example you can put the Breton first then the English and at last the French by giving the argument gt B E F lt At the present time there are only 3 languages in the FURCH software and these languages must be Breton French and English This is a serious limitation I hope this will be improved in a future release The order Level_dico For example Level _dico gt 3 3 3 lt As it was already said the regular norm for the dictionaries has display levels You may select the maximum display level if you want The order Level_dico allows you to adjust the volume of details written for each of the 3 languages on the dictionary window Level 1 will simply suppress the output for the given language Level 0 gives only the basics The word its tr
15. FURCH software detailed user guide Version 2 011 1 Table Detailed guide introductions isi sist ieactiaiaedavidb statis hdd bacta sea iehataaee anh ead nadine 3 PHEIRT ES iseenese e A E EET a e E a a a 3 TAOS CUES WINE Ses Fates e a a a E chad T cn 3 Textiles with strict form t e oacce caseessis decodes nainte i ii 3 Textiles with page tA DS act KEI ae cca Novela a a a a a a a a a ema tes 4 The lt f rch conf Tile jx 1553 zisssasaesresstaavetassanestdaganseteasazsbasaqazeataacaestseasaasetaasadsbacaganoalagaaeee stasaaantzasaaisannsane 4 IPAS STAGE Books tac ogy cease casa E AE I a a a 4 Thecorder Which CC 0505 ccsscneeurataccesssessssvsigacteauseacaeua te aE ahsgantiaes caesarean 5 The order PrONMtyS SEARCH AICO 055 52 au vadiaat ores dvenvu d dacycnds ahauanoedersdeasaeb aude stye ated em seemmoadacsetauetades 6 Theorder Orders CIC Oe at ssc pat dived laine pista essa A la iene Pech aad E A aie oneal ates 6 Thevorders Level dicon tet cane eat aye auth ania Oe ena ane ae I aes eer aa 7 ihe orders Highlight so cac9 ss sen dveane cena pca A Gees a a esd ad ee ar Aaous 7 Biles ass Goan Width pix diC sseneneinaci ann a ee a renew e aa ny 8 The order Color i dico with O SiS 4 eesssssesssssssssessseseesseesssseesseessesersstessesrssressessrssressessessees 9 Phe orde POE OO n a A a a a ad E aos erode ates 10 The orders Horiz pix totals Verti pie LOtal cay siss4csccssncstsnsascdbavsitatacncacsistccsisndemavaee Rotauaaaees 11
16. NP With these orders the length of your lines will be close to the length indicated on your furch conf file With this format you must indicate the beginning or the end of a paragraph by a blanc line The furch conf file The furch conf file is in fact a script file which uses its own special language Don t panic everything is explained by comments in the file A comment is a line beginning by the sign these lines are simply ignored by the software The script language is composed of orders such as Books Which dico Highlight etc Generally each order has attributes whose list is inserted between the signs gt and lt The order Books Let us begin by the order Books This order is used to tell the software what files it must analyze Each file is considered to be a book which may be composed of many pages or perhaps a single one The file must contain only iso latin text When the text is not formatted the software will display it at best In any case each displayed page will have less than 100 lines and 1000 words in them You must also tell to the software where it can find these files so you must give it the absolute or relative path of each file As you may have a collection of books the software understands notations like file5 gt 15 telling him that it must consider file5 file6 filel4 file15 Though it is not necessary to give them the extension txt each
17. This situation is very similar to the one you can encounter when you are displaying a web document For the web the solution was to devise the HTML language and write softwares for that language We will take exactly the same approach devise languages which I am calling dictionary norms and conceive softwares to display the dictionaries written with these languages These languages are like HTML languages with flags but they are much more simple because the problem not so complex and also because we cannot expect that the general user will learn still another difficult language These are the reasons why the regular norm was devised for writing dictionaries The dictionaries are in plain text with flags and there is no alphabetic ordering of the entries The flags indicate the languages the separations between paragraphs the reading level etc However it soon became evident that even if it is not too difficult to write a regular norm dictionary from scratch it is still a lot of work to transform an existing list of words into a dictionary readable by the FURCH software It seems speaking casually with people that many who are studying Breton have made electronically readable lists of words for their own use It would be nice if they could use their lists with FURCH without too much work and even better if they could allow other people to use these lists This is why the simplified norm was devised Roughly speaking the author of a
18. a regular norm CiCtiONALY eee eceesseeeseceseceeeeeesceceeceeeeeeeeeseecsaeeneeeaes 30 Perhaps other norms for PUR Ce sc sscasas cudacy evnlens aasancounisenacagass uss sa veaaganaesaneuenseancesaeasondaveanauiaeccie 30 Installation of the FURCH sottw Al Gc caccict snes dives etevesscandenabaeaic read osduae saamioianandiainesanseementinusacdaeasenis 31 Installation on NVA OW SOUS sss tas eset et nn Ia eet Sala ane Sa A Ae ae aes A eta E 31 Insta ll tion ON Var cic amp soa n i E a a huss aai a aE aaiae 33 The FURCH software and Mac OSS c seccaivisceduadt stasis o scbeseaqatedvons sees tetelaetesiastsos a stesion be eee 35 ONCLUSION esses E EE ee EEO PRI EE Div ASI i Bt 35 Detailed guide introduction FURCH is a software to display and analyse texts If you want informations on a word you will point and click the mouse on that word The software is able to search dictionaries for that word If it finds something the information will be displayed FURCH is a graphical application it uses windows and more generally windgets which are kinds of window gadgets we are now used to see in graphic applications and user interfaces FURCH 2 011 is built on GTK2 and is developed on Linux However the software has been ported on Win 98 SE Win 2000 and Win XP The FURCH software has currently two configuration files The first one is furch conf and the second one is gtkb rc The second file is more a GTK configuration file tha
19. al features for level 0 paragraphs The level 0 paragraphs are those introduced by B gt 1 B gt 2 B gt 3 2 Fol E gt 1 The first line of these paragraphs is displayed with a light green background Usually I am putting on these paragraphs only grammatical informations translations into other languages or transcriptions of the word into the KLTG orthographic system In its present state of development the FURCH software doesn t use these informations However these informations are already tagged for a future use Let us take one example extracted from dico2_quere the word komz may be a verb a verb stem and a word komz 3 v 0 pgv 0 aw 0 B gt 1 komz komz v Verb anv gwan verb komzet agv B gt 1 0 0 F gt 1 komz parler v Verbe participe pass e lt komzet gt EFE gt I OOJ eacaceanaa aeaa E gt 1 komz to speak v Verb past participle lt komzet gt E gt LILO 0 scveuavacavensca ss ESILIO te wena puai na B gt 2 komz komz pgv Penngef ar verb lt komz gt F gt 2 komz Radical du verbe lt komz gt parler E gt 2 komz Stem of the verb lt komz gt to speak B gt 3 komz komz aw Anv gwregel liester komzo u awl B gt 3 0 0 2006 B gt 3 0 1I sesede deere els B gt 3 0 2 2206 B gt 3 0 3 svaresrssexerenews F gt 3 komz parole nf Nom f e
20. anscription in KLTG for the Breton part the grammatical nature of the word For the French and English parts you have the translation of the Breton word Level 1 explains the word meaning Level 2 gives more explanations generally grammatical ones Level 3 exists sometimes and it is often more chattering than useful things You must give a level of output for each language So you must give 3 numbers but in what order Of course in the order you have already defined with Order dico You don t have necessarily the same level of output for each language You may for example choose to display the Breton in full extent and nothing for the other languages you will then write Order dico gt B E F lt Level dico gt 3 1 1 lt Remark The display level is irrelevant for a simplified norm dictionary It will simply be ignored The order Highlight When you are displaying a HTML document or a text with a word processor it is often useful to highlight some particular words or multi word expressions It would be nice for us to be able to do the same thing into our book part The order Highlight gives us this possibility However words vary a noun may be at the singular or plural a verb is conjugated FURCH will do its best to take into account all these variations I am aware that at present time FURCH does not do a perfect job Be patient How to use the order Highlight 8 ce Let us take one exa
21. ar when it calculates that it doesn t have enough place for the following word You have for example on figure 1 the output of the first 2 entries in the splfl ex dictionary Though these outputs are perfectly readable they are not perfect because the French and English translations are not separated dico F3 B3 E3 korzenn Flegestr Spel Flegestr Spel Fle gt legestr legestr nom mascul in homard pluriel ligistri lobster clear legestr clear legestr boue Spel boue Spel bc boue nom mascul in bou e pluriel boueio buoy clear boue clear boue korzenn Spel korzenn Spel kc korzenn 1 korzenn C nom f minin pluriel korzenno tige tube tuyau fl che de clocher 2 korzenn singulatif de korz des roseaux Fa 4 Fa Fa 2 Te 1 korzenn feminine noun plural korzenno stem shaft tube pipe duct spire of a bell tower 2 korzenn singulative of korz Creeds clear korzenn clear korzenn 20 Figure 1 splfl jpg Outputs for different words of the simplified norm dictionary splfl_ex We will see now two simple tricks which have been added to the simplified norm and which may improve your outputs You are not obliged to use them When a line is beginning by a termination mark or by a digit 0 9 In fact it would be more correct to state that this applies to the case where the first non space chara
22. ated into columns The information is also cut into small paragraphs which are beginning at the same level The reader can thus have a look first at the explanations in Breton and if he has difficulties he will have at the same level a translation into English or French We must now see how to obtain a synoptic display This is done by a special paragraph numbering We already know that we must differentiate the languages that a word can have different unrelated meanings or grammatical values that we can have different reading depths All the needed informations will be given by a numbering such as B gt 1 2 0 1 which means Breton paragraph first meaning level 3 non essential level complements 0 1 It is best to take one example Let us have word a word or expression written in an old text book page with some old and fancy spelling This word can have two 25 different meanings corresponding to two different grammatical values We will have into the dictionary something like the following wordl 2 ag 0 rkv 0 text by AlN Marsh 18 2005 Corrected by XXX May 28 2005 B gt 1 wordl word_kltg ag Anv gourel B gt 1 0 0 Some text explaining the meaning of the masculine noun word1 B gt 1 0 1 Additional text on the meaning of wordl B gt 1 0 1 1 Complements on additional text B gt 1 0 1 2 Still other complements B gt 1 1 0 Some grammar for wordl B gt 1 1 1 Additional grammar B gt 1 2 0 Not essential co
23. cter is a termination mark or a digit For that two cases on the screen we will begin a new line at that place This may be used to separate the French from the English and to distinguish different meanings or cases Let us see for example the word korzenn on the splfl_ex file we have korzenn 1 korzenn nom f minin pluriel korzenno u tige tube tuyau fl che de clocher 2 korzenn singulatif de korz des roseaux kkk kkk 1 korzenn feminine noun plural korzenno u stem shaft tube pipe duct spire of a bell tower 2 korzenn singulative of korz reeds With that text the line will separate the French and English translations the termination mark itself is not written Also the 1 and 2 will begin new lines on the screen You can see on figure the output that we have obtained The regular norm As we have seen above with the simplified norm all the outputs are on the same column and the separation between the languages is awkward The main drawback with the simplified norm is however that we cannot introduce grammatical informations in a form understandable by the software In its present state FURCH doesn t do much with grammatical informations but they are already of some use for conjugated verbs or noun plurals The use of grammatical informations is likely to increase in future software releases and these informations are part of the re
24. cters by striking a combination of keys Then you will use key sequences beginning by the escape character and followed by an accent such as and a letter such as u The software will understand and write You can mix both notations if you want So the name Eloise Salaiin can also be written Elo sise Sala un Eloise Sala n VElo ise Sala un or any other combination you may imagine Remark Here I have supposed that you are following the modern trend and that you accentuate also the capital letters You often cannot display correctly the special letter It is however better to put it into your dictionaries under the compound form oe When fonts are written for the UTF8 norm you will not have to correct your dictionaries You may also use the accentuated or special characters into the command line located at the top of the dictionary window This however is not mandatory You may as well ignore all the accents In the software FURCH the search for the words is made without the accents It is then simpler not to write them when you are using the command line Here you will find all the sequences presently recognized by FURCH oe for and OE for CE they will however be written oe and OE Nae for and AE for A nn for and N for c for a
25. ese three numbers can be given by their hexadecimal values from 0x0000 to Oxffff or simply by their ordinary decimal values from 0 to 65535 For the hexadecimal notation the 0x is simply an indication to the software to take the number as hexadecimal Below you have an example of the use of these five orders for the definition of the colors to the default values white light blue light green light pink and yellow Color 0 dico Color 1 dico white for an ordinary line very light blue first line of a paragraph very light green first line of a new entry word Color 2 dico e SE HE HEH first line for a new meaning of the word Color 3 dico very light pink for a mouse clickable line Color_4_dico yellow for words defined as secondary entries RED GREEN BLUE Color 0 dico gt Oxffff Oxffff Oxffff lt Color 1 dico gt Oxdddd Oxdddd Oxffff lt Color 2 dico gt Oxdddd Oxffff Oxdddd lt Color 3 dico gt Oxffff Oxdddd Oxdddd lt Color 4 dico gt Oxffff Oxffff 0x5555 lt The order Font_dico To say the truth the definition of the fonts is a very murky area at least for me What I will say will be however sufficient for you to choose a font for the dictionary and the book windows The font for the dictionary window is chosen in the furch conf file by the order Font_dico For the book window the fonts we may have more than one font
26. ext In its present state the software understand only 8 tags These tags are lines beginning by NPO NHO NTO NFO or NP NH NT NF Text files with strict format You may want to display on your computer pages of a book in such a way that what you have on your screen is as close to the original as possible Then you must use 4 the tags NPO NHO NTO NFO The letter O is standing here for Original NPO means New Page Original Format NHO means New Header Original Format NTO means New Text Original and NFO has been put here for New Footer Original Format The two orders NPO and NHO induce a jump to the next page So when there is a header on the page you will only need the order NHO and you can omit NPO With these orders the length of your lines will be the same on your computer screen than on your file Text files with page tags You may want to display on your computer text files already cut into pages but in such a way that the lines on your screen will have at most a determined number of characters For that you must use the tags NP NH NT NF The order NP means New Page NH means New Header NT means New Text and NF has been put here for New Footer The two orders NP and NH induce a jump to the next page So when there is a header on the page you will only need the order NH and you can omit
27. f you want to make a compilation yourself with the Dev Cpp software You must be aware that the source code is using version GTK 2 8 12 which is not the most recent one for Windows Installation on Linux Linux is a free and marvelous software however it could not be considered as fully operational for the common end user Linux has three main drawbacks 1 Compatibility of Linux with the hardware is poor Constructors don t bother to develop drivers for Linux as the number of installed systems remains low This number remains low in the general public because of the two following reasons 2 It is often necessary to recompile the kernel for the introduction of a new driver This action is dangerous as you can definitely spoil your system For the configuration of your new kernel you will have to choose between thousand of esoteric options There exist ways around all these difficulties save your old kernel start from a Knoppix kernel etc However someone who is not a professional is likely to have a hard time with kernel set up 3 The introduction of a any new software into your system is virtually impossible The only exception is when someone has already packaged the software for your distribution and moreover for the exact version number which is installed on your computer There are some efforts to improve that situation for example the klik procedure for Knoppix or the autopackage software but widespread use of
28. file must be a text file Here is an example extracted from a furch conf file list of books to read 1 file is a book which can contain many pages you can use the gt sign to simplify your inputs example qr_4 gt 6 txt means qr_4 txt qr_5 txt qr_6 txt Books gt essal_h txt gour txt kentskrid 1 txt kentskrid txt sarmoniou1 quere txt Bremaik 09 juillet 2007 txt ALES ales 1 gt 14 txt lt On the above example the file essai_h txt will be ignored The first book to be analyzed will be gour txt It is in fact a single page and is considered as a one page book It is located into the same directory than the FURCH executable Then we have a few other books There is also in the software directory another directory whose name is ALES wich contains fourteen files ales 1 txt to ales 14 txt They are in fact single page files which were used with the FURCH previous versions They will be considered as single page books and displayed as usual Remark 1 If a file doesn t exist or if you have given a bad location the file will be ignored The order Which_dico One of the most important features of the FURCH software is that it can handle multi dictionaries We must tell it which dictionaries to use and where to find them This is done like for the text files but this time the order is Which dico Here is one example Which dico gt dicol
29. ftware As for Windows you need in the same directory where you have furch x the 3 following files dibenn a list of recognized word endings furch conf the FURCH configuration file gtkb rc the configuration file for gtk You need also the dictionaries which are quoted into the furch conf file and of course the files corresponding to the pages you want to read 35 Remark Linux and Dos Windows text files are different Each line on a Dos Windows file ends with CR LF Ascii 13 Ascii 10 and each line into a Linux file ends with a single LF However FURCH Windows accepts Linux text files and FURCH Linux accepts Dos text files So to save place and to simplify the software distribution the text data configuration and dictionaries files are only distributed under their Dos Windows form They will be accepted by both versions of FURCH If you have any doubt you can convert under Linux the Dos Windows files into Linux files by the utilities dos2unix or fromdos and the reverse can also be done by the utilities unix2dos and todos On Windows you can convert a Linux text file by using NotePad editing and saving back the text file The CR character will be automatically added at the end of each line by NotePad The number of lines that NotePad can handle is severely limited however and you may want to use other equivalent free text editors for that kind of conversion Word2003 can a
30. gt 3_quere rolll_kltg splfl_ex i On this example we are asking for the dictionaries dicol_quere dico2_quere dico3_quere rolll_kltg and splfl_ex They are located into the same directory than the FURCH executable The dico quere and rolll kltg dictionaries are full norm dictionaries regular norm dictionaries The splfl_ex 6 dictionary is a simplified norm one Nothing distinguish them in the Which_dico order ce Remark 1 You can use the notation gt Remark 2 The dico3 quere dictionary has not been written yet It will simply be ignored Remark 3 The order of the Which dico list is important It is in fact your priority list for the dictionaries When you look for a word the dictionaries where this word can be find are classed according to this list Among these dictionaries the content of the one with the best rank on the priority list will be displayed You can however reach all the informations in all the dictionaries where your word was found This has already been explained into the software presentation The order Priority_search_dico Priority search dico gt i lt You must replace i by 0 or 1 If you put 0 then the order of priority for your dictionaries is the order you have implicitly defined with your Which _dico list If you replace i by 1 the priority is weight that is to say the dictionary
31. gular norm We will detail now how to write a regular norm dictionary Let us take for example the dicol quere dictionary The dictionary alias As we have seen for the simplified norm a special commented line gives the alias chosen for the dictionary This alias will be used for a rapid referencing of the dictionary Here as the alias is Qel one of the first lines of the file will be 21 Oel No indication of norm is necessary the default is regular norm and after a few commented lines we can begin with the first entry However let us see first the grammatical abbreviations The grammatical abbreviations Here is a list of the abbreviations used to give grammatical indications to the software These indications don t appear on the dictionary output window so you may have to duplicate them in plain text for the human reader Only the most common abbreviations are given they are considered as more or less fixed Other will be added if necessary ag anv gourel masculine noun agl anv gourel lies plural masculine noun aw anv gwregel feminine noun awl anv gwregel lies feminine plural noun adgl anv denel gourel lies plural masculine person noun agn anv gwan adjective arg araogenn preposition agv anv gwan verb past participle for a verb es estlamadenn exclamation gms ger mell strizh definite article gma ger mell amstrizh indefinite article
32. h origins etc Time is running fast against traditional Breton we must quickly note these humble words They are the memory of our Nation Modern electronic communication tools allow us to save and distribute them with almost no expense Let us use these new possibilities Many people have already recorded talks tales songs etc We can now disseminate these gatherings FURCH software is one tool in that grand undertaking Take your share in that project improve the present documentation write your own dictionaries send corrections to other authors note words record stories on magnetic tapes or CDs take pictures scan old books Everything is precious and can now be published distributed free of charge We must not let the chance pass by Alphonse Nandert December 15 2007 Written with OpenOffice 2 2
33. lements and corrections that were not accepted I would certainly be happy to add these new dictionaries to the FURCH database In a more general way I strongly encourage everybody to write dictionaries in the orthographic system of their choice with perhaps only a few words in each dictionary Everything is useful Let me take one example Here are a few words of the scythe family 36 1 gwignet a small sickle to cut grass to fish sand eels for the druids to pick mistletoe 2 falzig a sickle 3 fosilhon a heavy sickle to cut wood to prune trees 4 falz a scythe All these words are used in the region around Tr guier Are they understood elsewhere Are some other words in use in other regions These four words may constitute a dictionary and you can have as many such dictionaries than you have districts in Brittany What we can do with that Well trace philogenic trees with appropriate softwares now widely in use for genetic studies With that kind of methods we would be able to recognize the transmissions evolutions and transformations of the words and because words travel with people we would be able to trace the commercial routes in Brittany Imagine also that Cornish language be still alive by comparing the local names of fishes or other marine animals on each side of the channel we would be able to trace the origin of the populations in Brittany to differentiate Cornish and Wels
34. lso do the job The FURCH software and Mac OSs The present version of FURCH for Linux is based on GTK2 x This version of GTK has been ported on Mac OS X So it should be possible to use the Linux version of FURCH and compile it on a Mac I don t have however such a machine at my disposal so someone else using Mac OS X will have to do the job I will be happy to add the executable on the FURCH web page or to add a link toward another web page having this executable Conclusion FURCH is a free project its code is public and it is released under the terms of the GPL license You can improve this code and use parts of it into your own applications Your modifications must be published and released under the terms of this same license however For the literary part of the project texts and dictionaries each author may do as he wants Some texts are in the public domain others may be copyrighted The dictionary dico _ quere is copyrighted but free for any non commercial use This in fact is to let me free to extract and expand parts of it It is also to avoid any anarchic corrections and modifications by other authors People can send corrections if they are accepted the name of the correctors will be added to this dictionary in order to recognized their work If these corrections were not accepted an unlikely situation the authors would still have the possibility to publish their own dictionaries with the same words and the comp
35. minin en breton pluriel lt komzo u gt F gt 3 0 0 0 F gt 3S 0 1 sae aeaweaweaaea ds FS3 0 2 a ebice secha eoce yes F gt 3 0 3 2 206 E gt 3 komz speech spoken words Feminine noun in Breton 29 plural lt komzo u gt E gt 3 0 0 E gt 3 0 1 aerdata acasa dacs E gt 3 0 2 sosea inae E gt 3 0 3 casssinssrtata nes As the word komz has three different grammatical values we have for each language three level 0 paragraphs These paragraphs have been reproduced above You can remark that some information has been placed between cotes for example B gt 1 komz komz v Verb anv gwan verb komzet agv E gt 1 komz to speak v Verb past participle lt komzet gt F gt 1 komz parler v Verbe participe pass e lt komzet gt These words written in red above together with the abbreviated grammatical identifications will be used as additional entries to the database in a future version of the FURCH software The words in French and English can also be used as entries for pseudo French Breton and English Breton dictionaries This will not replace true dictionaries but will be helpful as long as these dictionaries are not written The regular norm tips and tricks As for the simplified norm special tricks have been introduced to allow some control of the on screen display As each end user can choose the width of each dicti
36. mple you want to highlight into your texts the word pleg fold the verb kozeal to talk and the expression with two words in it en em the reflexive pronoun You will thus write Highlight gt pleg kozeal koze en em lt You must put only one word or one expression on a line otherwise the software will take what you have written as a compound expression and it will try to recognize the complete expression into your texts With what is written above the software will recognize the word pleg the plural plego and the word with a mutation daou bleg two folds However the past participle pleget folded bended and conjugations like plegomp we bend we fold will also be recognized This is because pleg is also the stem of the verb plega to fold to bend You may not want to have the conjugations of the verb however and you may avoid that by specifying that the highlighted pleg must be a noun This is done by writing ag on the same line pleg ag The ag means anv gourel masculine nouns All the available orders like ag may be found for example at the beginning of the dicol quere dictionary The capability to precise the grammatical value of the words has however been poorly tested Let us continue with our list of highlighted words We want the verb kozeal and all its conjugations For that
37. mplements chattering B gt 2 wordl word_kltg ag Rakverb B gt 2 0 0 Some text explaining the meaning of the adverb wordl B gt 2 0 1 Additional text on the meaning of the adverb wordl B gt 2 0 1 1 Complements on additional text B gt 2 1 0 Some grammar for the adverb word1 B gt 2 1 1 Additional grammar B gt 2 2 0 Not essential complements chattering B gt 2 2 0 1 Still other not essential complements The first line is the dictionary entry line It begins by the sign and we have already seen its structure This first line can be followed by one or several comment lines beginning by a sign These lines are not displayed on the screen After that we have a line such as B gt 1 wordl word_kltg ag Anv gourel where the B gt 1 means Breton first meaning of the word There you can write again the word with its spelling of origin give the spelling in a modern orthographic system such as KLTG university or any other system you may like and add the grammatical gender of the word You will then introduce paragraphs with a numbering such that B gt 1 0 x y B gt I1 1 x y or B gt 1 2 x y where x y are digits used to class the paragraphs The first digit 0 1 or 2 indicates the lecture level Lecture level 1 is indicated by 0 lecture level 2 by 1 and lecture level 3 is indicated by 2 Lectu
38. n a FURCH file however Both files must be put into the same directory than the executable and they are used to tailor the sizes colors and other features of the windows and buttons They are also used to tell the software what text files to read and what dictionaries are available Both files will be analyzed below We must also give details on the two dictionary norms in use with FURCH at present time Some informations on the installation of the FURCH software on Linux and on Windows OSs have also been added The text files The FURCH software can only analyse iso latin1 files that is to say ordinary uncoded text Each file is considered to be a book which may be composed of many pages and even sometimes a single page These files may contain special tags to indicate the separations into pages and also page headers and footers if they are present However this is not necessary and if there is no tag the software will do its very best to display the file into readable pages and paragraphs Still the original file will not be changed You can display texts generated by a word processor such as MS Word or OpenOffice which contain very long lines as well as texts coming from a more simple word editor such as Notepad or Vim These later texts have lines of a more reasonable length We will see now the case of files containing tagged text Tagged text files The file may contain tags which are indications to the software on how to format the t
39. nd C for a Va or i and VA for A 17 Aa for 4 and WA for A Ve for and VE for E Ve for 6 and VE for E re for and E for E Ve top e ang VYE for E AA Foe ad A Gop I si for i and 1 for 1 ru for ti and U for Au for a and VU for U Vu for U and VU for U lt r0 for 6 and 0 for O 66 o 66 for 66 0 66 and 66 VO 66 for 66 O 66 Other sequences of the same kind may be added in the future if necessary Remark the acute accent may have different appearances depending on the font which is in use The simplified norm As it was already said the simplified norm has been devised in order to facilitate reutilization of existing lexicons I will suppose that these lexicons are in plain text without any coding or compression If this is not true one will have first to transcribe the lexicon in plain text Then we must tell to the FURCH software that we have a simplified norm dictionary This is done by putting the sequence of characters S at the beginning of the file Let us examine an example of simplified norm dictionary such as the file the splfl ex which is distributed with FURCH The first few lines of the file have been listed below IS Spel Ceci est un exem
40. ne of this dictionary with lt lt legestr gt Spel gt in it will be displayed with a pink background The reader will be able to see the explanations given for this word into the splfl ex dictionary by a simple mouse click on the line You can yourself make reference to other dictionaries in the same way You can even quote a word into your own dictionary by just writing lt lt something gt gt Where something is a word or multi word expression into your dictionary The choice of the alias is important It must be short it must be easily remembered and it must not have been already used for another dictionary 19 Dictionary entries Each word or expression that you explain into your simplified norm dictionary is an entry for that dictionary You must indicate that you have an entry and this is done by beginning a line with the character This character will be followed by the word or expression which itself must be followed by a punctuation or jump to next line character s After the dictionary entry you can put all your explanations and translations up to the next entry that is to say down to the next line beginning by a Your lines must not be more than 100 characters long and it is best to have much less Limit yourself at 70 characters for example You can use as many lines as you want FURCH does not care For the display into the dictionary window FURCH cuts lines after words no hyphenation so f
41. ning a DOS window and typesetting path not the please The system will write the list of the PATH directories separated by semicolons You will have a system or system32 directory and perhaps a directory at the beginning of the list You can modify your path by editing the autoexec bat file into Windows 98 or by the following actions for win2000 or winXP Change session to become administrator Have a right click on the desktop icon and then click properties Then choose the Advanced tab Then click the Environment Variables button In the Environment Variables window you will highlight the Path variable in the Systems Variables section the lower one Click edit You can now add directories into your PATH variable but you will be allowed to do that only if you are a member of the administrators group A second possibility and probably the safest one is to put your dlls into the directory where your executable is Generally Windows OS goes first to the directory of the executable in its search for the dlls You can also to introduce the characters at the beginning of the PATH So the system will be obliged to search first into the directory where your executable is before any other location You will then put all the libraries into the directory where you have your furch exe executable However on Linux experts
42. nto the data base index As was explained into the FURCH presentation in order to facilitate reading a secondary entry word is indicated by a yellow background at the start of the article and by yellow backgrounds for the lines with that word inside the article Perhaps other norms for FURCH As was already said the regular norm is the native FURCH norm and the simplified norm has only been introduced to make easy the use of already written lists of words It was supposed that these lists were simple without grammatical indications Some people may want to make dictionaries with a norm simpler than the regular one but still with more possibilities than the simplified norm They can do that and their norms may be included into FURCH However keep in mind that introducing a new norm in the software is a lot of work and this can only be considered for a large enough dictionary Now a last remark for the regular and simplified FURCH norms Some commercial companies consider their norms as private intellectual properties and they try to obtain software patents for self evident features Contrarily to that trend FURCH norms are declared open and you can use them into your own products There is no guaranty of any kind with these norms however except for the weak moral 31 promise that FURCH will do its best to remain compatible with its older norms or that the dictionaries will be transformed to become compliant with the new norms
43. of the dicol_quere dictionary after what is given for koulz in dico2_quere ce koulz 2 rkv 0 ag 0 lt lt kouls gt Qel gt 24 B gt 1 koulz koulz rkv ag Rakverb pe anv gourel Remark The explanations given above for the entry line references are the present norm However another norm considered now as obsolete was used into dicol_quere For example the plural deliou leaves will send us to delienn leaf by the notation gt delienn deliou 1 awl 0 gt delienn B gt 1 deliou delio u awl Liester eus lt delienn gt F gt 1 delio u feuilles nfp Pluriel de lt delienn gt E gt 1 delio u leaves Plural of lt delienn gt delienn x1 aw 0 il n y a qu une seule entree pour delienn B gt 1 delienn delienn aw Anv gwregel liesterio u delienno u awl ha delio u awl You immediately remark the difficulties with this notation You cannot make reference to multi word expressions and you cannot send the reader into another dictionary This is why this notation though still valid is considered as obsolete and it will be abandoned as soon as dicol_quere is upgraded The numbering of the paragraphs It has already been said into the first part of this documentation that one of the very important features of the FURCH software was its capability to display information under a synoptic fashion with languages separ
44. onary column the authors cannot know when a new line will begin It is however sometimes necessary to impose a jump to new line at some precise location into the text to facilitate the reading This can be done by the introduction of a new paragraph but we have then a colored first line which may not be wanted We have 3 other possibilities to introduce a break in the text and impose the start of a new line at that place In the text of our dictionary we can begin a line 1 by a termination mark 2 by a digit 0 9 3 bya sign lt When I am saying that a line is beginning by some character I intend that the first character which is not a space character is this character here a termination mark a digit or a sign lt Remark 1 The termination mark at the beginning of a line in a dictionary text is a command character which is never displayed on the screen ce Remark 2 I am using the sign lt to introduce citations It is then often convenient to make that sign start a new line to put into evidence the beginning of the citation However this is perhaps not always what we want We can prevent the new line jump by beginning the line by a comma That comma being a command character will not be displayed on the screen So to have lt at the beginning of a 30 line will prevent the jump to next line and the citation will be written in the text without separation The comma can also be
45. ple de dictionnaire en norme simplifi e Notez Il faut aussi mettre le radical des verbes 18 pour que FURCH puisse d tecter les formes conjugu es This is an example of simplified norm dictionary Note It is necessary to have the stem of the verbs to recognize conjugated forms as separate entries in the dictionary for FURCH Dictionary splfl_ex done January 2005 legestr legestr nom masculin homard pluriel ligistri lobster boue nom masculin bou ee pluriel boueio u buoy ce f e We immediately remark that some lines are beginning by the character They are comments and they are generally ignored by the software However the lines beginning by S or by are special The S indicates that we have a simplified norm dictionary and the introduces the dictionary alias Dictionary aliases Each dictionary must receive an alias It is a short sequence of characters which may be used in another dictionary to quote the present one For example here the simplified dictionary has been given the alias Spel You must note that FURCH is case sensitive it differentiates upper case letters from lower case ones If another author wants to quote the word legestr lobster into the splfl ex dictionary it may write for example see the word lt lt legestr gt Spel gt into the excellent dictionary written by M The li
46. r to the same word into another dictionary We have already seen for the simplified norm that we can use the notation lt lt expression gt gt if we are making reference to an entry into the same dictionary or to lt lt expression gt alias gt if we are making reference to an entry into another dictionary given by its alias A simple klick on the expression allows us to display the additional information on the dictionary window The same notation can be used into the dictionary entry line the difference is that we don t have to make a click the additional information is considered by the dictionary author as absolutely necessary and it is always displayed The example below taken from dico2 quere shows the word mailhurell swaddling cloth which makes reference to a synonym the word maillur into the same dictionary ce mailhurell 1 aw 0 lt lt maillur gt gt B gt 1 mailhurell mailhurell aw Anv gwregel liester mailhurello u awl Another example taken from the same dictionary dico2_quere is presented now The word koulz as well was in fact already encountered but written under the form kouls The complete explanations for this word are given into the dictionary dicol_quere whose alias is Qel and they don t need to be repeated into dico2_ quere It is enough to put lt lt kouls gt Qe1 gt into the entry line to display all the information
47. re level 0 is when there is no such as in B gt 1 This 26 notation is rather awkward it is maintained for historical reasons The user of FURCH can choose to display the paragraphs up to some given level numbered from 1 no display to 3 full display In the dictionary file you are not obliged to put the levels in increasing order You can have for example B gt 1 wordl word_kltg ag Anv gourel B gt 1 0 0 Some text explaining the meaning of the masculine noun word1 B gt 1 1 0 Some grammar for wordl B gt 1 1 1 Additional grammar B gt 1 2 0 Not essential complements chattering B gt 1 0 1 Additional text on the meaning of wordl B gt 1 0 1 1 Complements on additional text B gt 1 0 1 2 Still other complements The dictionary writer can put for example the grammar just after a basic definition of the word and put the complements for word definition at the end if he wants However the numbering x y must be in increasing order Remark x and y start from 0 but the O can be omitted For example B gt 1 0 0 is equivalent to B gt 1 0 or to B gt 1 0 0 0 and of course B gt 1 1 0 is equivalent to B gt 1 1 or to B gt 1 1 0 0 The second meaning of word here for example as adverb will have a paragraph numbering such that B gt 2 B gt 2 0 x y B gt 2 1 x y or B gt 2 2 x y
48. s for the word or expression We have then the grammatical abbreviations Here we have only one grammatical identity ag 0 because douar is only a masculine noun Remark The 0 in ag 0 has no special meaning it is only a separator for the software Initially FURCH started as a project to make statistics on the use of words The 0 was supposed to be replaced by an usage ratio Though I still believe that this would be important for language learning for lake of time this has been abandoned The 0 and also the sign at the beginning of a line which introduces comments between the entry line and the explanations are all that remains of that now defunct project Another example of entry line is given below for the word a which has 5 different grammatical identities 23 a 5 arg 0 rv 0 gs 0 v13 0 es 0 1 Araogenn eus Pr eposition de preposition of 2 Rannig verb particule verbale verbal particle 3 ger stagan anv verb ober particule de liaison linking particle 4 verb mont amzer vreman trede gour unan verbe aller pres 3i eme pers du sing verb to go present third pers sing 5 Estlammadenn Exclamation Exclamation B gt 1 a a arg Araogenn Links can be put into the entry line When a word is explained in a dictionary one sometimes wants to make reference to another word in the same dictionary o
49. simplified norm dictionary will simply have to introduce a word or expression by a character at the beginning of a line and put after the word or expression a ponctuation sign or a jump to a new line After that he will put the explanations up to the next With the simplified norm any existing dictionary can thus become usable with a minimum of modifications Detailed explanations on both norms will be given below but we must first speak of the accentuated or special characters 16 The problem of accentuated or special characters Both French and Breton have accentuated or special characters For example A i and the corresponding capital characters ANIC EUCEEE You must be able to indicate to the software that it must use one such character but the specified character must also exist into the font you use to display texts In fact all the characters we need for French and Breton are in any standard latin font except perhaps for the French and its corresponding capital character Often you are able to select such characters on your keyboard by striking a single key or a combination of keys This depends from your OS settings and from the word processor you use All these accentuated letters will be recognized by FURCH and displayed correctly into the book window or the dictionary window However depending of your software you may not be able to obtain some chara
50. t a Gtk configuration file so we have to use the Gtk orders Into the book window the words are labeled buttons The font color may be black for ordinary words blue for expressions or red for not recognized words There is also a green font color which is not used any more but which has been retained for compatibility with FURCH version 1 Each word in fact each button is clickable and its background color changes when the mouse cursor is on it This is to indicate that it is ready to be clicked We can also choose to permanently highlight a word to have it easily distinguishable in the page This is done by giving a light green background to the word All these features are possible by the definition of buttons with different styles For example for the red family we will have style button_red style button_red_ up style button_red hlight style button_red hlight_up And we have the same 4 styles for the blue green and black noir families For each button we must also define the font It is simpler to take the same font everywhere but this is not mandatory You may choose in the book part a size of letters larger than the one you have in your dictionary window For each style the background bg and the foreground fg colors will also be defined The colors are given by their red green and blue components Each component is a number whose range is from 0 0 to 1 0 For example we have for the style button_red
51. th_pix_book Once you have defined the the size of the main window you still need to tell the software what part to attribute to the book window and to the dictionary window This can be done by giving the width in pixels of the book window The difference between the width of the main window and the width of the book window will automatically be attributed to the dictionary window The default width of the book window can be modified by the order Width _pix_book Number of pixels for the width of the window displaying the book part example Horiz_pix_total 2 Width_pix_book gt 580 lt As it was said into the presentation guide what is given in the furch conf file is only default sizes You can adjust these sizes by dragging the corners and sides of the windows If you quit the application by pressing on the Quit button your settings will be registered into the file furch last_state This file is a simple text file you can open it there you will find lines like the following 1566 934 Size of main window width height 688 Width of book window These two lines are very explicit they give you the width in pixels of the main window here 1566 the height here 934 and the width of the book window here 688 when you were leaving the application last time These values can be very useful because it is enough for you to adjust your windows once then to quit the application by pressing the Quit button
52. to say each time we have a new word or a new grammatical nature for a given word A very light blue background is used as a less important separation By insertion of white lines the green and blue lines are at the same horizontal level in all the columns With that trick it is easier to go from one language to the next A very light pink background line is used for a mouse clickable line These lines are used to navigate into the database The corresponding pink lines may not be at the same level for the different languages however The last colour yellow is used when you have words defined as secondary entries in the dictionaries To distinguish them from the other words their first line is in yellow As they can be anywhere inside the displayed article the lines where they are found are also coloured into yellow Usually these default colors are easily distinguishable however you may want to adjust them to your own perception of the colors In one occasion I have also been obliged to darken these backgrounds on a portable computer with a very low contrast screen The Color 0_dico Color_1_dico Color 2 dico Color_3_dico and Color 4 dico orders can be used to adjust the background color of the dictionary lines Though I was using the words white very light blue green pink or yellow you can give to these lines any background color you want by adjustment of the red green and blue components of the color Th
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