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SME User Manual

1. Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 60 Simple Hierarchic Automaton This third example presents how to define a mode automaton with the SME graphical editor An Automaton cannot be the root of an sme or smedi file so you have first to create a Data flow Diagram with an Interface Definition Diagram to specify the Input Output signal of the process as shown in the previous examples The parent of this Automaton is a Model Declaration with three Input events called i j and tick This Automaton is added inside a Data flow Diagram and its master clock is specified inside a Clock Relations and Dependences Diagram we specify that the master clock of the Automaton is the union of the clock of the three Input events as in the previous example Mode Automaton Diagram SimpleHierarchic4utomaton 4uktomatoni unnamed Now we have to define the Mode Automaton itself so double click on the Automaton to display the Mode Automaton Diagram shown on the previous picture The Automaton has two sub states an And State A which is also the initial state and a leaf state DecrX which decrements X at each execution A leaf state is as a Sub Process This means that you can use a Data flow Diagram and a Clock Relations and Dependences Diagram to specify the behavior of the State To indicate the initial state of an Automaton right click on the wanted initial state and select the Set the Initial State action Two Local int
2. E And It corresponds to the logical And operator Children e Input Port this operator is a multiple inputs operator this means that you can add as many Input Ports as Signal Expressions you need at least 2 to connect The ports are ordered Basic e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name E gt And State It corresponds to the synchronous composition of different sub States Children e The sub states And State Automaton and or State of the And State It is not really useful to add an And State to another one e History connecting a transition to the history of an And State means that you enter the previous state of all inner state of the And State e The shared Local signals e Comment the COMMENT pragma attached to this identifier e Name the name of the state It has to be unique inside the Automaton in which the state is contained E Arithmetic Operator It corresponds to any arithmetic operator present in the Signal language Children e Input Port this operator is a multiple inputs operator this means that you can add as many Input Ports as Signal Expressions you need at least 2 to connect The ports are ordered Basic e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name e Operator this attribute is of enumerated type whose values are Addition Substraction Multi
3. ic TD Pragma To parametrize each of these elements right click on any graphical object and select the Property View For more information refers to the Parametrization of model objects section select the Advanced tab to view the attribute and references of each model object Data flow Diagram This diagram is used to visualize specify the data flows between the different Input Output Local signals the operations applied on these data and all local declarations of data types and processes The following pictures represents what can be added to the model in this diagram Obviously the Input Output signals and the constant Parameter declared in the Interface Definition Diagram can be used in this diagram too To use them drag them from the Outline view to the Editor view The palette of this diagram is composed of 5 sections Containers this section is composed of all elements that can be the root of a diagram and all elements in relation with them O Basic Iteration is used to express an iteration as a C for loop To use it give the name of its iterator and the value of the upper bound To specify the initialization part of the Basic Iteration right click on the Basic Iteration and select the Show the Iteration Init part action which display the Data flow Diagram for it Finally to specify the process on which the Iteration iterates double click on it to open a Data flow Diagram Iteration is used to express itera
4. Assertion r ey Clock Union t Clock Slower e Clock Slower Assertion gi Mull Clock Relation Since version 0 15 0 the Clock Constraint Operators and the Clock Speed Operators has been extended to be available in assertion block They are represented here as special Clock Constraint Assertion and Clock Speed Assertion and can be used respectively as Clock Constraint Operators and Clock Speed Operators Among these operators the Clock Relation Operators and the Clock Speed Operators have Input Ports It can have as many Input Ports as needed To add new Input Port right click on the graphical representation of the operator and select the Add a New Port action The Clock Relation link is used to connect the identifiers to the operators A Clock Constraint Operator cannot be the source of such a connection and it can receive as many connection as needed as target A Clock Relation operator can only be the source of such connection and its Input Ports the target of such connection one per Input Port A Clock Speed Operator can be either the source or the target of such connection Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 40 Remark e A Clock Relation link can be used between two clocked identifiers correspond to a synchronization of the clock of both identifiers e The Null Clock is used as a constant to express some clock relations Dependences aed Dependence operator __ Dependence re
5. Debug As Profile As Team Compare With Replace With Topcased Traceability TransformToFiacre Polychrony q General Compilation gt Model Archive gt Retclel eee els EEE E Generate C files E Generate CPP files E Generate Java files ed Properties Open As gt FE Generate SIG file HE Generate SIG TRA file HE Generate SIG LIS file Execute a compilation scenario Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 52 Seven actions are proposed e Generate C files from the selected SME model Generate C files from the selected SME model Generate Java files from the selected SME model Generate SIG file from the selected SME model Generate SIG LIS file from the selected SME model Generate SIG TRA file from the selected SME model Execute a compilation scenario on the model The three first actions generate the executable code files respectively in C C Java language from the SME model specifications The next three actions generate a Signal textual file a normal SIG file a pretty printing of the tree internal structure or a Signal file generated during the transformation to the internal graph structure The last option applies a compilation scenario on the SME model see previous part All these files are generated only in a directory named as the SME model file They are only generated if all previous compilation steps are all successful It is also possible to call Polychrony services on SIG file In
6. Synchronizing gt Topeased Modeling The Topcased Modeling perspective can be divided in 4 main part 1 The Navigator view lists all projects located in the Eclipse workspace It allows to create new projects and new TopCased Diagrams 2 The Outline view lists all model objects of the edited diagrams or of the edited model file If there are several diagrams in the edited diagram file they are listed at the end of the model object list 3 The Editor view displays the main window for the edited Model File and edited TopCased Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 3 Diagram For an edited TopCased Diagram the left of this view is dedicated to the palette of the graphical object that can be dragged dropped into the Diagram part One can also drag an element from the Outline view to the Diagram part and if there is a graphical element which corresponds to this model object for the displayed diagram it will be added 4 The Property view displays the lists of properties of the model object selected in the Outline view and or in the Diagram view Some of the properties can be modified and others are just read only information Topcased Modeling fr irisa espresso sme examples model Watchdog smedi Eclipse SDK BAX Fie Edit Navigate Search Project Run Window Help etd FERL SAE Fy Topcased Mo GY Java S Be ge oh Ho ots 25 Navigator Topcased Navigator Off Watchdog smedi 53 Aas Fr
7. a Module If it is declared in a Model Declaration this information is useless Expert e Model Type this attribute is of enumerated type whose values are action function node and process By default the value of this attribute is process For more information consult the Signal v4 reference manual e Process Class this attribute is of enumerated type whose values are safe deterministic and unsafe By default the value of this attribute is unsafe For more information consult the Signal v4 reference manual e Type indicates the Model Type referenced by the current one Module It corresponds to a library of types components and constant values Children e Model Declarations one can declared different Model Declarations Some of them can be private only usable by the other Model Declarations of the Module or public that can be imported by external Model Declarations that specify this Module in the Use Module model object If one or several of the Model Declarations has its Is Main set to true it becomes an entry execution point for this Module e Type Enumeration Model Type Substitution Type or Tuple Type can also be declared public or private e Constant Values can also be declared public or private e Use Module indicates the list of other Modules needed by this one e Comment the COMMENT pragma attached to this identifier e Name the name of the Module which is used as its identifier It has to be uniq
8. a model with this attribute set a morphism of this program is applied that defines a new program representing Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 22 cost evaluation of the original program The image of the original program by this morphism uses the library designated by the pragma to interpret the cost evaluation operators e Run On a constant integer value i When a partitioning based on the use of this pragma is applied on an application the application is partitioned according to the n different values of the pragma so as to obtain n sub models The tree of clocks and the interface of these sub models may be completed in such a way that they represent endochronous processes I Model Instance It corresponds to the instantiation of a SIGNAL component To use it specify the Referred Interface attribute right click on the Model Instance Node and select Load Model Instance Inputs Outputs action This action creates the Input Instances Output Instances and Parameters Instances corresponding to those of the Referred Interface Children e Input Output and Parameter Instances are automatically added when the Referred Interface is set and the Load Model Instance Inputs Outputs action is called Basic e Comment the COMMENT pragma attached to this identifier e Name the name of the Model Instance which is used as its identifier It has to be unique inside its container It is even bett
9. clock At the opposite an object declared of type monochronous tuple can be a signal it has a clock all its named fields are synchronized Only monochronous tuple can be used as the the type of the elements of an array A tuple type is defined by a list of typed and named fields in addition clock properties can be specified on the fields of a tuple Children e Local signals are used to represent the named fields inside the tuple types e The Specifications area is used to precise the clock properties between the different fields when the Kind attribute is a polychronous tuple For monochronous tuple the Specifications area must be empty Basic e Array Dimensions indicates the dimensions of the Tuple Type if it is an array type If it is a multi dimensional array specify one dimension per line A dimension is a constant expression Constant Value Parameter an integer positive number e Comment the COMMENT pragma attached to this identifier e Kind this attribute is of enumerated type whose values are bundle polychronous tuple and struct monochronous tuple By default the value of this attribute is struct e Name the name of the Tuple Type which is used as its identifier It has to be unique inside its container It is even better to name it uniquely inside the file e Visibility indicates the visibility public or private if the Tuple Type is declared inside a Module If it is declared in a Model
10. example by pressing the Dataflow Button in the tool bar Automatically if the Data flow Diagram does not already exist the reset Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 57 Input and the val Output signals appear in the diagram Now you have only to drag and drop the operators from the palette Dataflow Diagram Counter f unnamed Present The previous picture can be read as following e a Local integer signal called counter is declared It is defined by the previous value of the Output val To build such relation drag the delay operator from the palette and customize its attribute Nb Instants to 1 Initial Value to 0 then connect its Input Port with a Dataflow Connection whose source is the val Output signal Finally connect the delay operator to the counter Local signal with a Dataflow Connection e the val Output signal is defined as 0 when the reset event is present and as counter 1 otherwise To build the first case drag an Extraction operator from the palette and connect its Input Port to a Literal whose value is 0 with a Dataflow Connection and connect a Condition link from the reset event to the Extraction operator and set its Condition Kind attribute is Present To build the second case drag an Addition operator from the palette it is an Arithmetic operator with its Operator attribute set to Addition Connect its Input Port to counter and to a literal whose value is 1 in any order here becau
11. examples model gt Watchdog a Chronometer sme i Chronometer smedi ra Counter sme Counter smedi J Modem sme i Modem smedii A SIGNAL_INTRINSICS sme J SimpleHierarchic utomaton sme i SimpleHierarchic utomaton smedi J Watchdog sme i Watchdog smedi Tag watchdog a Sen default package J Watchdog externalsProc jz rr J Weatchdog_io java J Watchdog main java AD Watchdog java H JRE System Library jrei 6 0_ 07 HBA Referenced Libraries java SignalSraphicallayaStd jar T SignalJavaStd jar Watchdog Pe Go Into Open in Mew window Open Type Hierarchy Shows In HS Copy E3 Copy Qualified Name js Paste 3 Delete Build Fath Source Refactor g Import py Export ae Refresh Close Project Close Unrelated Projects Assign Working Sets Run As Debug 45 Team F4 Alt Shift 4 Ctrl C Ctrl Delete Alt Shift 5 Alk ShiFE T Fa Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 Console ess cations dy cedures P x T T T C 1 Java Applet 2 Java Application Watchdog VHOSAVE ws runt S NOS AVE ws runt S NOS AVES ws runt S MWOS AVE ws runt Alk ShiFk A Alt Shift x J Buin Canin rations 56 The example plug in This plug in offers some examples of modeling with SME To access to these examples right click on the navigator view and select Example as shown on the fo
12. or an array type this attribute is the way to access to the signal field Constant Ref It corresponds to the use of a Constant Value or a Parameter at another hierarchical level than these where the Constant Value or Parameter is declared Children none Basic e Constant points to the referring Constant Value or the Parameter Constant Value It corresponds to the declaration of a constant Children none Basic e Array Dimensions indicates the dimensions of the Constant Value if it is an array If it is a multi dimensional array specify one dimension per line A dimension is a constant expression Constant Value Parameter an integer positive number e Comment the COMMENT pragma attached to this identifier e Name the name of the Constant Value which is used as its identifier It has to be Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 15 unique inside its container It is even better to name it uniquely inside the file e Type it corresponds to one of the Intrinsic Primitive Type or to one of the type declared To access to a type declared in the file the Constant Value has to be in the scope of this declaration e Value indicates the value of the constant If the constant is an array specify one value of the first dimension per line e Visibility indicates the visibility public or private if the Constant Value is declared inside a Module If it is declared in a Model Declaration this inf
13. parser that makes this translation has been developed At this step the parser can report all errors concerning the well formedness of the model and the parsing errors for attributes that contain SIGNAL syntax 2 Then this AST representation is transformed into an internal graph structure This step consists in resolving all references specified inside the AST checking the type errors and making explicit all implicit clock constraints and clock relations This means that new signals which do not exist in the source model are created The traceability consists in linking each new signal to the corresponding original AST object 3 The third step consists in applying to this graph the different POLYCHRONY services specified in the compilation scenario clock resolution code generation These operations also modify the graph obtained at the previous step Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 49 4 Finally by analyzing the graph obtained after these transformations some errors can be reported in the graphical part At this time only type errors can be seen on the diagram As we can see in the following picture a little red symbol is written on the operator to let the user know that there is an error KERROR disagreement between types of the operands FF RROR disagreement between types of operands A Hashmap between the Polychrony native AST and the SME instances has been built in order to associat
14. rules induced by the extraction and merging Signal operators are applied to the system o the rewriting of the boolean expressions referenced in the extraction when E when E is assumed to be an assertion the expression assert E specifies that E is always true when Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 44 it is available So it induces that when E is equivalent to the clock of E e Signal unifications this operation consists in the merge of nodes into one node when their definition expression are equal syntactically e Clock calculus it performs the resolution of the clock systems using a triangularization technique A BDD based data structure is used Here only the study of static properties is performed They allow to characterized the set of states in which the automaton associated to a program can evolve independently of initial values and the set of the transitions between these states The result is a forest of clock trees e Events to booleans it performs the inter format DC that constrains event objects forest of trees of clocks to bDC without event objects a tree of boolean clock translation e Abstraction it computes the abstraction of the program I O data dependences I O clock relations the black Box or the grey Box abstraction representation This abstraction is useful for separated compiling e Sequential clustering it performs the following partitioning called input train Tw
15. source or target of several Dependences Children none Basic e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 17 Enumeration Type It corresponds to the type declaration of an enumeration To access to the value of an enumerated type prefix the value by a ft Children none Basic e Array Dimensions indicates the dimensions of the Enumeration Type if it is an array type If it is a multi dimensional array specify one dimension per line A dimension is a constant expression Constant Value Parameter an integer positive number e Comment the COMMENT pragma attached to this identifier Enum Values indicates the values of the enumeration Put one value per line e Name the name of the Enumeration Type which is used as its identifier It has to be unique inside its container It is even better to name it uniquely inside the file e Visibility indicates the visibility public or private if the Enumeration is declared inside a Module If it is declared in a Model Declaration this information is useless Enumeration Value It corresponds to an unnamed constant value whose type is an enumerated type Children none Basic e Type Value indicates the name of the enumerated type if any A list of enumerated type containing in the scope is proposed e Value indicates the value used inside
16. that can be used in this diagram o A Case connector is used to connect a switch operator to a Sub Process or an Iteration o A Condition connector is used to connect a Boolean Expression or a Signal to a conditioned expression which can be either an Extraction operator or an If Then Else operator or a Memorization operator or an Assertion o A Constant affectation is used to connect a constant expression to a Parameter Instance contained by a Model Instance o Finally a Dataflow Connector is used to connect any Signal expression that returns a result to a signal or to the Input Port of an other operator It corresponds to the definition or partial definition operator of the SIGNAL language Links wE Case connector __ Condition connector Constant affectation Dataflow Connector e Miscellaneous this section contains the way to specify Assertion and to import Modules An assertion can be defined by specifying its expression attribute right click on the Assertion and select the Edit Composite expression action or by connecting a Condition link to it To import a Module right click in the Outline view select the Load Resource action and then select the sme file containing the Module Finally you have to add this Module in the list of Modules attribute of the Use Module model object Miscellaneous H A Assertion ISE Import modules To parametrize each of these elements right click on any graphical obj
17. the enumerated type No need to prefix the value with a character FE Extraction It corresponds to the extraction operator A value is returned each time the Condition is true and there is a value on the Input Port Children e One Input Port already created to connected the Signal Expression whose value has to be extracted each time the Condition is true Basic e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name H History It corresponds to the History state of an Automaton or of an And State When a transition leads to such a state it means that the container state is not reinitialized and re executes its last state Children none q gt If Then Else It corresponds to the synchronous condition It is an expression on signals of same clock Children e Two Input Ports already created The first one has to be connected to the then Signal Expression and the second to the else Signal Expression Both expressions have to be of the same type Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 18 Basic Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name Index It corresponds to the definition of an index An index is a vector of integers whose size is equal to To From Step It is used by Iterate model object Children none Basic e C
18. to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name e Operator this attribute is of enumerated type whose values are Synchronized clocks are equal Excluded specifies the mutual exclusion of the expression clocks and Identity specifies the equality of values and clocks of the expressions By default the value of this attribute is Synchronized Assertion Clock Speed It corresponds to a clock constraint operator which constraints Operator the speed of a Clocked Expression to be greater or smaller than the speed of another Clock Expression This means that the first Clocked Expression is more or less frequently present that the second one This operator is used in the context of an assertion Children e Input Port this operator is a multiple inputs operator this means that you can add as many Input Ports as Signal Expressions you need at least 2 to connect The ports are ordered Basic e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name e Operator this attribute is of enumerated type whose values are Smaller and Greater By default the value of this attribute is Smaller Automaton It corresponds to the definition of a mode automaton Children e The sub states And State Automaton and or State indicates the different execution mode in which the Automaton can be At each instant the Automaton can execute at most one mode e History connecting a transition to t
19. to the order of the Input Port to which they are connected If they is a value on the first flow it will be taken else we check the second and so on among the different flows Children e Input Port this operator is a multiple inputs operator this means that you can add as many Input Ports as Signal Expressions you need at least 2 to connect The ports are ordered Basic e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name M Model Declaration It corresponds to the declaration of a SIGNAL component with its Input Output Signals and its input constant Parameter It is only a declaration of a component It has to be instantiated Model Instance to be used and connected to the rest of a system It constitutes one of the Root Model but it can also be declared locally in another Model Declaration or in a Module Children e Input Output and Parameter are added to specify the interface of this component e Specifications already added is used to specify the clock relations and the dependences between input and output signals e Any of the children that can be in a process it means all model objects except those concerning the mode automaton And State State Strong Transition and Weak Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 21 Transition Basic e Comment the COMMENT pragma attached to this identifier e Name the name of the Model Declar
20. 007 2010 20 forget to use double quote If the literal is a character use simple quote gt Local It corresponds to the declaration of a local signal This signal can be used at its declaration level and in all sub levels Children none Basic e Array Dimensions indicates the dimensions of the Local signal if it is an array If it is a multi dimensional array specify one dimension per line A dimension is a constant expression Constant Value Parameter an integer positive number e Comment the COMMENT pragma attached to this identifier e Initial Value initialize the value of the Local signal e Name the name of the Local signal which is used as its identifier It has to be unique inside its container It is even better to name it uniquely inside the file e Type it corresponds to one of the Intrinsic Primitive Type or to one of the type declared To access to a type declared in the file the Local signal has to be in the scope of this declaration e Status indicates if the signal is a normal signal a shared signal or a state variable A state variable is a typed sequence the elements of which are present as frequently as necessary It keeps its previous value as long as a new one is defined A shared signal is a Signal whose value is partially defined at different place Merge It corresponds to the operator that merge different flows of data The flows are ordered according
21. Declaration this information is useless E Unary Minus It corresponds to the unary negation arithmetic operator Children One Input Port already created connected to a numerical expression Basic e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name sk Use Module It corresponds to the operator to import Modules Children none Basic J Modules the ordered list of imported Modules To import a Module you have to add it manually for the moment to the Outline of your project by right clicking on the root of the Outline and by selecting Load Resource Select then the SME file Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 30 e Variable It corresponds to the variable operator which allows to use a signal at any clock defined by the context The result of this operator is a Signal whose value is the value of the Signal Expression connected to the Input Port when this expression is present or the last value of the expression otherwise The initial value is used when the Signal Expression has not been present yet Children e One Input Port already created connected to a Signal Expression Basic e Initial Value initialize the value of the operator before it receives the first value of the Signal Expression e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name Weak T
22. Guard is a textual boolean expression to express when to go from the source state to the target state Name the name of the model object It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name Priority is an integer value which indicates for states with several out going Strong Transitions the order of their evaluation e Source Target e Dst the target of a Strong Transition is a sub state And State Automaton or State of the Automaton which belongs this transition or the History of one of them e Src the source of a Strong Transition is a sub state And State Automaton or State of the Automaton which belongs this transition iHi Sub Process It corresponds to a sub part of a component without any specific Input Output signals It can also be used to specify the different case of the Switch operator One can also specify some clock constraints relations or dependences with a Sub Process this means that all signals defined in the Sub Process will be related to these constraints relations Children e Any of the children that can be in a process it means all model objects except the following list And State Input Iteration Init Model Declaration Output Parameter Pragma Specifications State Strong Transition and Weak Transition Basic e Comment the COMMENT pragma attached to this identifier e Name the name of the Sub Process which is used as its identifier It has to be unique inside its con
23. Model Declaration Output Parameter Pragma State Strong Transition and Weak Transition Basic e Comment the COMMENT pragma attached to this identifier e Name the name of the Iterate which is used as its identifier It has to be unique inside its container It is even better to name it uniquely inside the file Tteration Init It corresponds to the area in which the initialization of an iteration of processes have to be made Children e Any of the children that can be in a process it means all model objects except the following list And State Input Model Declaration Output Parameter Pragma State Strong Transition and Weak Transition Iterator It corresponds to the iterator index of a C for loop It has to be used to refer the current number of loop of the Basic Iterate block An Iterator can be referenced by a Constant Ref element Children none Basic e Comment the COMMENT pragma attached to this identifier e Name the name of the Iterator index which is used as its identifier It has to be unique inside its container It is even better to name it uniquely inside the file Literal It corresponds to an unnamed constant value Children none Basic e Value indicates the value of the literal The literal can be either a boolean or an integer or a real or a string or a character value If the literal is a string do not Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2
24. NRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 25 p Parameter It corresponds to the declaration of a constant parameter in a Model Declaration Children none Basic e Array Dimensions indicates the dimensions of the Parameter if it is an array If it is a multi dimensional array specify one dimension per line A dimension is a constant expression Constant Value Parameter an integer positive number e Comment the COMMENT pragma attached to this identifier e Name the name of the Parameter which is used as its identifier It has to be unique inside its container It is even better to name it uniquely inside the file e Type it corresponds to one of the Intrinsic Primitive Type to one of the type declared or it can be of type type To access to a type declared in the file the Parameter has to be in the scope of this declaration A Parameter is with the Model Declaration or the Model Type the only mode object that can be typed with a Model Type Parameter Instance It corresponds to the instance of a Parameter Inside a Model Instance it refers to one of the Parameter declared in the instantiated Model Declaration To obtain Parameter Instance model object refer to the Model Instance description Children none Basic e Comment the COMMENT pragma attached to this identifier e Name the name of the Parameter Instance which is used as its identifier It has to be unique inside its container It is even bet
25. SME User Manual V0 20 0 September 2 2010 This document is a user manual for the Polychrony SME editors inside the Eclipse environment It explains how to use the Polychrony SME Plug in suite in order to produce SME graphical models verify them and generate codes for simulations These plug ins are still under development so this document will be of course updated but the already written parts can be modified SME stands for Signal Meta model under Eclipse The SME environment is composed of several plug ins which correspond to e the reflexive editor e the graphical modeler e the reflexive editor and an Eclipse view to create compilation scenarios e the Signal text editor e the connection to the Polychrony services e some examples of Polychrony models e the help of the other plug ins Each of these plug ins will be detailed in the following document Currently these plug ins work with TopCased 4 0 0 and Eclipse 3 6 0 Helios For information about the TopCased project consult its web site http www topcased org Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 1 The Polychrony Tool set The Polychrony toolset based on Signal is a development environment for critical systems from abstract specification until deployment on distributed systems It relies on the application of formal methods allowed by the representation of a system at the different steps of its development in the Signal polychronous se
26. al Value initialize the value for the Nb Instants th first execution of the operators This means that if Nb Instants is greater than 1 the initial value has to be an array whose size is Nb Instants e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name e Nb Instants the size of the delay You can specify an integer positive value or the name of a constant value Dependence It corresponds to an explicit specification of dependences between Identifiers Signals Model Instance Sub Process or Iterate model objects When the source or target is a Model Instance a Sub Process or an Iterate model object it means that all Signals defined in these structure enter in the Dependence relation Children none Basic e Name the name of the model object It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name e Source Target e Dst the target of a Dependence is an Identifier model object e Dst Field if the source is a Signal using a Tuple Type or an array type this attribute is the way to access to the signal field e Src the source of a Dependence is an Identifier model object e Src Field if the source is a Signal using a Tuple Type or an array type this attribute is the way to access to the signal field Dependence Operator It has been introduced to represent conditional Dependences Thus one can connect the target of a Condition to this operator and the
27. ason It is also used in the Tuple Type declaration to specify some properties between different signals if the Tuple Type is a bundle Children e Any of the children that can be in a process it means all model objects except the following list And State Input Iteration Init Model Declaration Output Parameter Pragma Specifications State Strong Transition and Weak Transition State It corresponds to a leaf state of an Automaton It contains directly the specification of the mode Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 27 Children e Any of the children that can be in a process it means all model objects except the following list And State Input Iteration Init Model Declaration Output Parameter Pragma Specifications State Strong Transition and Weak Transition Basic e Comment the COMMENT pragma attached to this identifier e Name the name of the state which is used as its identifier It has to be unique inside its container It is even better to name it uniquely inside the file Strong Transition It corresponds to a transition of an Automaton A Strong Transition is evaluated for the current instant before the execution of its source state If the guard is true the mode of the Automaton for the current instant will be the target state In a specific Automaton only one Strong Transition can be taken during an instant Children none Basic 6
28. ation which is used as its identifier It has to be unique inside its container It is even better to name it uniquely inside the file e Visibility indicates the visibility public or private if the Model Declaration is declared inside a Module If it is declared in a Model Declaration this information is useless Expert e Model Type this attribute is of enumerated type whose values are action function node and process By default the value of this attribute is process For more information consult the Signal v4 reference manual e Process Class this attribute is of enumerated type whose values are safe deterministic and unsafe By default the value of this attribute is unsafe For more information consult the Signal v4 reference manual e Type indicates the Model Type of the Model Declaration if it is typed Typing a Model Declaration by a Model Type is the means to reuse the same interface Input Output Signals and constant Parameters for several Model Declarations Thus you have not to specify the interface of your Model Declaration it is automatically specified by the Model Type External Code e CCode It is specific to code generation It is a parameterized string representing a piece of C code Each call of the model is translated by this string in the generated code after substitution of the encoded parameters by the corresponding signals in the considered call The following encoded parameters may be used in the str
29. bjects you may have to use two or all of these diagrams to build the specification of these model objects That s why we refer to these three kinds of diagrams as Aspect of the modeling for the corresponding model objects Here we give for each kind of diagram the list of model objects that can be used as root of the diagram Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 35 e Interface Definition Diagram Model Declaration Model Type e Data flow Diagram Model Declaration Sub Process Iterate Specifications State and Iteration Init e Clock Relations and Dependences Diagram Model Declaration Sub Process Iterate Specifications and State e Library Diagram only Module e Mode Automaton Diagram only Mode Automaton e Tuple Type Diagram only Tuple Type To create diagrams for these model objects you just have to right click on the model element inside the Outline view and by selecting Add Diagram and choosing the diagram You can also double click on the graphical element which represents the root element of a diagram and it opens automatically the corresponding diagram For all elements which can have several Aspects it opens the Interface Definition Diagram if possible or the Data flow Diagram and then there are also some facilities to go from one Aspect to another e by right clicking on the graphical element and by selecting the Goto Aspect and by choosing the needed Aspect e by selectin
30. ch is at the same hierarchical level e Src any of the Switch operator which is at the same hierarchical level Cell It corresponds to the memorization operator which allows to memorize a given signal when the signal is present and the boolean expression is true Children e One Input Port already created which has to be connected to the expression to memorize The boolean expression has to be specified through the use of a Condition whose target is the Cell operator Basic e The Initial Value is the value used to initialize the memory e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name E3 Clock Constraint Operator It corresponds to the different kind of clock constraint operator To use this operator connect the different expressions to it with Clock Relation model object Children none Basic e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 12 unique name e Operator this attribute is of enumerated type whose values are Synchronized clocks are equal Excluded specifies the mutual exclusion of the expression clocks and Identity specifies the equality of values and clocks of the expressions By default the value of this attribute is Synchronized Clock Relation It corresponds to a clock relation between two clocked expr
31. ch one The smallest value has the highest priority e The guard of a Strong Transition must not refer to signals whose value are computed inside a sub state Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 62
32. ck on Finish Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 New Project Project Create a new project resource Project name newSmeProject Use default location Location Ci Documents and Settings cbrunettiMe Next gt Thus you will obtain a new project which contains only a project file Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 The reflexive editor plug in The reflexive editor is the plug in generated from the SME meta model by the Eclipse Modeling Framework EMF It allows to specify a Polychrony model by creating the equivalence of an Abstract Syntax Tree where the syntax is given by the meta model meta classes Creation of anew sme model file To help the user during the creation of a new SME model file the reflexive editor has a wizard The role of the wizard is to make more convivial the task of creation by accompanying the user The creation will proceed in a few stages To start the wizard right click on the project where you want to create your model and select New gt Other and then select the following model file Polychrony gt SME Model New ole Select a wizard Create a new SME model Wizards E Java gt Java Emitter Templates J Plug in Development gt Polychrony SME Compilation Model E SME Diagram 3 SME Model SVN Topcased User Assistance Other Once you have selected the SME Model the SME wizard is opened Th
33. definition operator which is used mainly for the redefinition of elements of arrays For an example with 2 Input Ports the result will be an array which takes the value of the expression connected to the second Input Port at each point at which it is defined and the value of the expression connected to the first Input Port elsewhere In the general case both expressions value are arrays with the same number of dimensions Children e Input Port this operator is a multiple inputs operator this means that you can add as many Input Ports as Signal Expressions you need at least 2 to connect The ports are ordered Basic e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name T 7 Signal Ref It corresponds to the use of a Signal Input Output Local Input Instance or Output Instance at another hierarchical level than these where the Signal is declared Children none Basic e Signal points to the referring Signal er Specifications It corresponds to the area to specify some properties It uses a process expression that can make reference through Constant Ref or Signal Ref to the Parameters and Input and Output signals of the Model Any other identifier used in this expression is that of a local object signal process model etc that must have a declaration in this expression This aera is used in Model Declaration and Model Type model objects for this re
34. e the node of the native AST where the error message is written and the corresponding instance For example here the disagreement between types of operands error is linked with the Addition operator Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 50 Compiler configuration The Signal compiler can be parameterized to specify the memory size used for its operations To access to these parameters select the Polychrony section in the Preferences Window as shown in the following picture Preferences Hx type filter text Polychrony General Ane ATL Ecore Diagram Help Install Update Java Model Validation Plug in Development Polychrony Run Debug Team Topcased Memory size For the internal tree structure in bytes 60000000 General settings For the Polychrony SME editors Search paths For Polychrony libraries l dee eee ee ee E E Maximum number of entry in the type table 4096 Memory size For the string structure fin bytes 1048576 Restore Defaults Apply There are four parameters e The Polychrony library path Here you add all paths in which there are LIB or SIG file that contain the Signal module needed for the compilation A lib directory that contains all libraries provided with the classical Polychrony environment is available in a plug in directory named e fr irisa espresso sme polychrony win32 win32 x86_ lt version gt for Windows e fr irisa espresso sme polychrony gtk linu
35. ect and select the Property View For more information refers to the Parametrization of model objects section select the Advanced tab to view the attribute and references of each model object Clock Relations and Dependences Diagram This diagram is dedicated to specify explicitly clock constraints clock relations and dependences between the different clocked identifiers declared in an Interface Definition Diagram Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 39 and in a Data flow Diagram The list of clock identifiers are any kind of Signal Input Output Local Input Instance Output Instance a Signal Ref a Model Instance a Sub Process Iterate and Automaton model objects If such an identifier is contained by the root element of a Clock Relation Diagram drag it from the Outline view to the diagram As in the Data flow Diagram you can declare Locals signals or refer to signal declared at a higher level The difference with the previous diagram is on the manipulated operators In a Clock Relations and Dependences Diagram there are only clock operators e Clock Constraint Operator Clock Synchronization Clock Exclusion and Clock Identity e Clock Relation Operator Clock Union Clock Intersection and Clock Complementary e Clock Speed Operator Clock Slower and Clock Faster Identifiers ee Local signal A Reference to a signal Clocks Si E Clock Synchronization E Clock Synchronization
36. ee eee ee New Fy Project 30 Into Open in New Window Mg She Disiletn OCL Rule File E Copy C Folder File I Delete ia Ecore Diagram neve i ats SAM Diagram Rename ta cen SSML Diagram g g Import fag UML Diagram gy Export qe TRAMWay Project 2 Refresh Py Example Close Project Fy Other Close Unrelated Projects Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 33 Once you have selected the SME diagram the SME wizard is opened following picture Thus you have to choose the name of the diagram and the kind of diagram you want to display S Create new Sme diagrams Sme Diagrams Define the model diagram informations Create a new Model Directory Model name Defaultiame Template InterFace Definition Diagram Clock Relations and Dependences Diagrarn Dataflow Diagram Interface Definition Diagram Create From Library Diagram Model Select Root Diagram Initialize the diagram with existing model objects Remark In the SME wizard you can only create four of the six kinds of diagrams the Mode Automaton Diagram and the Tuple Type Diagram can not be used as root of a Signal specification but can be used inside them Creation of a new SME diagram from an existing SME file model It is also possible to create a diagram from an existing SME model file For this purpose right click on the SME model file and select New gt SME Diagram b newSmeP
37. eger signals X and Z are also declared in the Automaton and are shared so their status has to be shared among the different sub states Remark when Local signals declared in an Automaton are defined in several sub states of the Automaton do not forget to use partial definition links to define them A partial definition is a Dataflow Connection with the Use Partial Definition set to true The A And State is composed of three sub states one leaf state IncrX which increments X at each execution and two automata YEvolution and ZEvolution which makes evolve Y and Z A Local integer signal Y is declared inside the And State Z is declared outside the And state because it is used by the guard of the transition between A and DecrX this means that Y is shared among the sub states of A so its status has to be shared Remark on the previous picture all states have a specific symbol a green arrow In general case all elements with this symbol has one or several sub diagram s whose root is the element itself Finally there is one Weak Transition from A to DecrX and one in the opposite direction The guard of these transitions are a textual boolean expression The priority attribute is useless here because each state has only one out going transition Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 61 Remark e fa state has several out going transitions do not forget to set different value for the Priority attribute of ea
38. entify it so it is better if it has a unique name e Window Size is an integer constant expression whose value is greater than or equal to Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 31 1 If it is equal to 1 the Initial Value is useless E gt Xor It corresponds to the logical Xor operator Children e Input Port this operator is a multiple inputs operator this means that you can add as many Input Ports as Signal Expressions you need at least 2 to connect The ports are ordered Basic e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name Keywords of the language For all identifier names you have to use a string which begins with a letter and which can be composed of alphanumeric characters and the underscore character _ The following strings are keywords reserved for the Signal language action after and array assert boolean bundle case cell char complex constant count dcomplex default defaultvalue deterministic dreal else end enum event external false from function if in init integer iterate label long module modulo next node not of operator or pragmas private process real ref safe shared short spec statevar step string struct then to tr true type unsafe use var when where window with xor Cop
39. eous LI P Fragma USE Import Modules Finally it is possible to import other Modules to use their public Constant Values Types or Model Declarations To import a Module you have to load the file containing it To load a sme file right click in the Outline view select the Load Resource action and then select the sme file containing the Module Finally you have to add this Module in the list of Modules attribute of the Use Module model object Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 41 To parametrize each of these elements right click on any graphical object and select the Property View For more information refers to the Parametrization of model objects section select the Advanced tab to view the attribute and references of each model object Mode Automaton Diagram This diagram is used to specify graphically a mode automaton Automaton An Automaton is composed of several modes or sub states and transitions to go from one mode to another one A sub state can be either other another Automaton or an And State or a Final State or leaf state There are two kinds of transitions e Weak Transition the guard of such kind of transition is evaluated for the current instant after the execution of its source state If the guard is true the mode of the Automaton for the next instant will be the target state of this transition e Strong Transition the guard of such kind of transition is evaluated for the curren
40. ept the following list And State Input Model Declaration Output Parameter Pragma State Strong Transition and Weak Transition Basic e Comment the COMMENT pragma attached to this identifier e Iterator Name is used to get set the name of the iterator used by the Basic Iterate Block This attribute is a shortcut Obviously one can change the name of the iterator directly in the Iterator element e Name the name of the Iterate which is used as its identifier It has to be unique inside its container It is even better to name it uniquely inside the file e Upper Bound represents the upper bounds of the iteration the N parameter of the C for loop It has to be an integer expression integer value expression using signals E Boolean Expression It corresponds to a complete boolean expression It was added to the meta model to avoid a long description of a complete boolean expression Children none Basic e Expression the boolean expression in a textual form e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name Cartesian Product The Cartesian product is used mainly to define jointly indexes to be used in Iterate model object Intuitively the sequence of iteration is represented by the first dimension of the indexes which are vectors Children e Input Port this operator is a multiple inputs operator this means that you can add as many Input Por
41. er to name it uniquely inside the file Instantiation e Referred Interface refers to a Model Declaration or a Model Type to instantiate e Referred Parameter for generic purpose a Model Declaration can be passed as parameters Thus the Referred Interface has to be set with a Model Type and the Referred Parameter will indicate the instantiated Model Declaration M Model Ref It allows to refer to a Model Declaration declared at the upper hierarchic level only useful to connect a Model Declaration to a Parameter Instance Children none Basic e Model points to the referring Model Declaration E7 Model Type It corresponds to the declaration of a specific type allowing to type a Model Declaration As for a Model Declaration an interface Input Output Parameter and a Specification area has to be specified Children e Input Output and Parameter are added to specify the interface of this component e Specifications already added is used to specify the clock relations and the dependences between input and output signals e Comment the COMMENT pragma attached to this identifier e Name the name of the Model Type which is used as its identifier It has to be unique Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 23 inside its container It is even better to name it uniquely inside the file e Visibility indicates the visibility public or private if the Model Type is declared inside
42. es the dimensions of the Output if it is an array If it is a multi dimensional array specify one dimension per line A dimension is a constant expression Constant Value Parameter an integer positive number e Comment the COMMENT pragma attached to this identifier Initial Value initialize the value of the Output e Name the name of the Output which is used as its identifier It has to be unique inside its container It is even better to name it uniquely inside the file e Type it corresponds to one of the Intrinsic Primitive Type or to one of the type declared To access to a type declared in the file the Output has to be in the scope of this declaration q Output Instance It corresponds to the instance of an Output Inside a Model Instance it refers to one of the Output declared in the instantiated Model Declaration To obtain Output Instance model object refer to the Model Instance description Children none Basic e Comment the COMMENT pragma attached to this identifier e Name the name of the Output Instance which is used as its identifier It has to be unique inside its container It is even better to name it uniquely inside the file d Output Port It corresponds to an output port of a Cartesian Product it is the only Signal Operator with Output Ports Each Output Port has to be connected to a Signal Input Instance Local Output or to a Signal Reference Children none Copyright IRISA I
43. essions A Clocked Expression is either a signal Input Output Local Signal Ref Input Instance Output Instance or a Sub Process or an Iterate or a Model Instance or an Automaton or any clock operator Clock Constraint Operator Clock Relation Operator Clock Speed Operator Basic e Name the name of the model object It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name Source Target Dst the target of a Clock Relation is a Clocked Expression Dst Field if the target is a Signal using a Tuple Type or an array type this attribute is the way to access to the signal field Src the source of a Clock Relation is also a Clocked Expression Src Field if the source is a Signal using a Tuple Type or an array type this attribute is the way to access to the signal field ke Clock Relation Operator It corresponds to the set operators for clocked expressions Children Input Port this operator is a multiple inputs operator this means that you can add as many Input Ports as Signal Expressions you need at least 2 to connect The ports are ordered Basic e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name e Operator this attribute is of enumerated type whose values are Union Intersection and Complementary By default the value of this attribute is Union m Clock Speed Operator It corresponds to a clock constraint operator which co
44. f this attribute is Present Present check the presence of a signal True and False check the value of a Boolean Expression or a Boolean signal e Name the name of the model object It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name e Source Target e Dst the target of a Condition is a Conditioned Expression e Src the source of a Condition is a Boolean Expression or a Signal It can also be a Merge an Array Recovery a Cell a Delay an Extraction or an If Then Else operator but be sure that the expression returns a boolean result e Src Field if the source is a Signal using a Tuple Type or an array type this attribute is the way to access to the signal field Constant Affectation It corresponds to the initialization of a Constant Value or a Parameter Instance by a constant expression For the Constant Value you can also use the Value attribute Children none Basic e Name the name of the model object It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name e Expert e Array Recovery Expression defines the value of the expression for the values of index outside the segment used only for array expression e Source Target e Dst the target of a Constant Affectation is a Constant Value or a Parameter Instance e Src the source is a Constant Expression this means that it is an expression built only with constant value e Src Field if the source is a Signal using a Tuple Type
45. g the graphical element and by clicking on the button shown on the following picture in the tool bar 100 v 1 ap 4p A Dataflow Clocks Remark For elements with multiple Aspects when a diagram is created all children elements present in the others Aspects and that can appear in the created diagram will be automatically added to it Interface Definition Diagram This diagram is used to visualize specify the interface of a Signal component basically a process or those of the declaration of a type used to type a component The root of this diagram is a Model Declaration object if you create it through the SME wizard and can be either a Model Declaration or a Model Type otherwise This diagram is used to specify the Input Output signals and the constant Parameter of the interface of a component and also some pragmas Each model elements that can have an Interface Definition Diagram contains a Specification model whose role is to specify the clock relation between the input output signals If you want to modify or display it drag it from the Outline view This model is mainly used in component abstractions for separated compilation purposes Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 36 Interface Definition Diagram vWwabchdo he Select r E Marguee Note Elements ae DELAY Ss CE gt F lt alarm g Input signal g Constant input parameter Finish q Output signal Miscellanous p gt
46. he history of an Automaton means that you re execute the last mode of this Automaton e The shared Local signals e The transitions Weak Transitions or Strong Transitions of the Automaton define the means to go from one state to another one when their guard is true Basic Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 10 e Comment the COMMENT pragma attached to this identifier e The Initial State indicates the initial state of this automaton All possible states are listed in the combo box e Name the name of the Automaton which is used as its identifier It has to be unique inside its container It is even better to name it uniquely inside the file Basic Iterate It corresponds to a C for loop forGi 0 i lt N i It is a particular case of the Iterate block Children e Iteration Init this model object already created is used to specify if any how to initialize the iteration When you try to delete this object it is automatically rebuilt but it will be empty e Iterator it is a constant expression that is used to iterate among all elements contained in the Basic Iterate block It corresponds to the i parameter in a C for loop for i 0 i lt N i The iterator is automatically added to the Basic Iterate block When you try to delete this object it is automatically rebuilt with unset attribute e Any of the children that can be in a process it means all model objects exc
47. his declaration r Input Instance It corresponds to the instance of an Input Inside a Model Instance it refers to one of the Input declared in the instantiated Model Declaration To obtain Input Instance model object refer to the Model Instance description Children none Basic C Comment the COMMENT pragma attached to this identifier Name the name of the Input Instance which is used as its identifier It has to be unique inside its container It is even better to name it uniquely inside the file Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 19 gt Input Port It corresponds to a port of a Signal Operator By default such port is not typed but according to the operator containing the port it is typed Each Input Port has to be connected Children none Tterate It corresponds to an iteration of processes It is mainly used to apply the same behavior on arrays Children e Input Port this operator is as a multiple inputs operator this means that you can add as many Input Ports as Indexes or integer array you need to connect The ports are ordered e Iteration Init this model object already created is used to specify if any how to initialize the iteration When you try to delete this object it is automatically rebuilt but it will be empty e Any of the children that can be in a process it means all model objects except the following list And State Input
48. his representation into a specific external format The meta model of this plug in is shown on the next picture lt lt enumeration gt GeneratorKind Signal Signal LIS Signal TRA sme SignalAbstraction Sigal C ANSI CPP Java Profiling Lustre Syndex lt lt enumeration gt gt gt description EString o displayWamings EBoolean FunctionalityKind Retiming Boolean Events SignalUnifications ClockCalculus Events Boolean Abstraction Clustering Sequentializing Flattening E Functionality gt kind FunctionalityKind gt kind GeneratorkKind ee Functionalities For the moment there are 9 different functionalities which are those used in the current Polychrony graphical tool e Re timing It performs a shift register transformation It rewrites synchronous function f such that Y f X1 m1 init V1 Xn mn init Vm into Y y j init f V1 Vm and y X1 m1 init V1 Xm mn init Vm e Booleans to events It rewrites boolean expressions of under sampling for logical and relational operators the goal is to prove synchronization constraints of the system o the rewriting of the booleans expressions referenced in an extraction when E when E is not a free condition and not declared as an assumption For example the expression when A and B is equal to the clock intersection of when A and when B So classical boolean rules completed with some specific
49. i il wi Remark when you delete a graphical element from a diagram you have two different methods e Delete From Diagram Del delete only the graphical element from the diagram not the model object This means that the object still appears in the Outline view e Delete From Model Shift Del delete the graphical and the model object elements Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 4 Creation of a new project If you have no project in your workspace you will need to create a new one Right click on the navigator view and select New gt Project Topcased Modeling Eclipse SDK Fie Edit Wavigate Search Project Run Winde Le Qe we Tt Navigator G Topcased Navigator New E Project i SME Diagram OCL Rule File C Folder ig Import tag Import F File p Export i Ecore Diagram 2 Refresh SAM Diagram SAM S SML Diagram ee UML Diagram qe TRAMWay Project e ssil Pe Example Fey Other Select then a General project this will be sufficient to model and click on Next gt Select a wizard New Project io eg Creeahe a hee project resource Wizards type Fiber best 22 Java Project E lava Project from Emna Ant Budde JS plugin Propet General L Project CYS E gt Eclipse Modeling Framework Graphical Modeling Framenork e Java H gt Pugin Gevsopment Toas gt Examples Give a name to the project and cli
50. ing o amp pj where jis a constant integer value represents the jth parameter of the call o amp ij where j is a constant integer value represents the jth input signal of the call o amp oj where j is a constant integer value represents the jth output signal of the call o S amp t amp xj where x is either p i or o and j is a constant integer value represents the type of the jth parameter or input signal or output signal of the call o amp n represents the name of the model e Cpp Code The same as CCode but for the C generation e Java Code The same as CCode but for the Java generation Pragmas e Compilation Directive this attribute is of enumerated type whose values are NONE unexpanded separate Black Box Grey Box and Delay Cluster By default the value of this attribute is NONE For more information consult the list of Polychrony pragmas in Signal v4 reference manual e Is Main indicates if the Model Declaration is an entry point of a Module used only when the Model Declaration is a child of a Module e Is Sigali Process indicates if the current Model Declaration is a specific process for the Sigali model checker tool e Processor Type string representing a name for example DSP that should be the name of a file DSP LIB containing a module that defines the cost of each operator by particular models When profiling performance evaluation is required on a given program implemented on some processor represented as
51. irisa espresso sme examples model Watchdog smedi i on ov to o gt fr irisa espresso sme examples ac model AN Marquee Wh Counter sme Containers J Counter smedi Iteration ar IntrinsicProcess sme E Mode automaton a Modem sme M Process J Mode di a SimpleHie rchicAutomaton sme M Mode aiga J SimpleHieirchic utomaton smedi T Model Jeita We watchdof sme il SubProcess f I wate di 7_ Enumeration scenario C gt Identifiers Hf test 3 B project 4S newSmeProject ai mp T Y DE Outline a 6 2 7o al g Delay Delay2 Comparison Operator ComparisonOp 2 Problems EJ console Documentation Error Log 4 SME Scenario E Properties E Comparison Operator ComparisonOp i l o Arithmetic Operator ArithmeticOperal M Model Declaration Watchdog a Arithmetic Operator ArithmeticOperal gt Input order Graphics Basic B Input finis Advanced Comnen gt Input tic Name Watchdog q Output alarm Visibility t public c Parameter Y Connected links Spee Specifica Src Constant Affectations Interface Definition Diagram Wi Expert D Dataflow Diagram unnamed Inputs p Input order Input finish Input tick Clock Relations and Dependenc Model Type process Z Additional Resources E Outputs Output alarm a Parameters je Parameter DELAY A il gt Process Class t unsafe gt Miscellaneous lt lt a T Property i
52. lation Condition link Dependences are the means to express the scheduling of different part of the component Using a Dependence relation between two clock identifiers means that the one at the source of the relation has to be computed before the one at the target The Dependence operator is the way to express multiple sources and multiple targets in one relation It is also possible with the Dependence Operator to express conditioned scheduling For this purpose use a Condition link from a boolean signal to the Dependence Operator To parametrize each of these elements right click on any graphical object and select the Property View For more information refers to the Parametrization of model objects section select the Advanced tab to view the attribute and references of each model object Library Diagram This diagram is dedicated to the graphical definition of SIGNAL library Module A library can contain Model Declarations Action Function Node or Process Constant Value declarations or Type declarations Enumeration Model Type Substitution Type or Tuple Type Each of these elements can be declared private visible only by the other elements in the library or public visible from all elements that imports the library by setting their Visibility attribute Some pragmas can also be defined and applied to the declared elements Elements ae i M Process Constant declaration H FA Enumeration gt Miscellan
53. llowing picture Then in the window select Examples gt Polychrony Examples gt Polychrony Examples or if you use the TopCased Modeling Perspective select Polychrony Examples gt Polychrony Examples T5 Navigator ed Topcased Navigator LS newSmeProject Project New H E Project i SME Diagram OCL Rule File C Folder File ia Ecore Diagram Refresh SAM Diagram SAM g g Import pg Export S sML Diagram e ssil e UML Diagram UMHLZ qe TR Mway Project Example Pe Other The wizard creates in your navigator view a new project called fr irisa espresso sme examples which contains five model and graphical examples and the Intrinsic Process library There are three simples examples Counter Simple Hierarchic Automaton and Watchdog that we will detail in the following A more complex example Modem is also provided it is a library containing the modulator and demodulator part of a modem Counter The Counter process constitutes a first simple example to see how to design a component with the Graphical SME editor This process counts the number of times it is called since the last reset events To build this process the first thing to do is to create an Interface Definition Diagram and to add to it the declarations of the Input signal reset typed as an event and the Output signal val typed as an integer Then you have to create the Data flow Diagram for
54. mantic model It provides a formal framework e to validate a design at different levels e to refine descriptions in a top down approach e to abstract properties needed for black box composition e to assemble predefined components bottom up with COTS Signal is based on synchronized data flow flows synchronization a process is a set of equations on elementary flows describing both data and control the variables of the system are signals A signal is a sequence of values which has a clock associated with this clock specifies the instants at which the values are available The Signal formal model provides the capability to describe systems with several clocks polychronous systems as relational specifications Relations are useful as partial specifications and as specifications of non deterministic devices for instance a non deterministic bus or external processes for instance an unsafe car driver Using Signal allows to specify an application to design an architecture to refine detailed components down to RTOS or hardware description The Signal model supports a design methodology which goes from specification to implementation from abstraction to concretization from synchrony to asynchrony The principal application areas for the Signal language are that of embedded real time critical systems Typical domains include e Process control e Signal processing systems e Avionics e Automotive control e Vehicle con
55. nd 1 for presence C C For C and C you will need to use an external C C compiler The Polychrony libraries are provided and can be found in the Eclipse plugins directory and specifically in e the fr irisa espresso sme polychrony win32 win32 x86 lib directory under Windows e the fr irisa espresso sme polychrony gtk linux x86 lib directory under Linux e the fr irisa espresso sme polychrony carbon macosx x86 lib directory under MacOs X Currently there is not automatic generation of makefile to compile C C file This will be done in a later release Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 55 Java For the Java generation code we take benefit of Eclipse which is originally a Java environment which provides several facilities to manage Java project The call of the Java generation code creates if all previous operations are executed without errors a Java project containing the Polychrony Java libraries SignalJavaStd jar and SignalGraphicalJavaStd jar and the Java source classes are generated in the src directory of the project There may be some errors in the Java code if your SME model has constant parameters The correction of these errors consists in replacing the UNDEF calls by the value of the constant parameter To execute the simulation you have only to right click on the project or on the Java class corresponding to the main and select Run As gt Java Application 3 Fr irisa espresso sme
56. nstraints the speed of a Clocked Expression to be greater or smaller than the speed of another Clock Expression This means that the first Clocked Expression is more or less frequently present that the second one Children e Input Port this operator is a multiple inputs operator this means that you can add as many Input Ports as Signal Expressions you need at least 2 to connect The ports are ordered Basic e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 13 unique name e Operator this attribute is of enumerated type whose values are Smaller and Greater By default the value of this attribute is Smaller E Comparison Operator It corresponds to the Boolean relations of equality difference and strict and non strict greater and lower relations The value of both expression must be comparable Children e Two Input Ports already created which corresponds to the operands of the selected comparison operator Basic e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name e Operator this attribute is of enumerated type whose values are Equal Not Equal Greater Greater Or Equal Smaller Smaller Or Equal Equal Any and Smaller Or Equal Any By default the value of this attribute is Equal The difference between Equal and Equal Any is that if the first one is a
57. o nodes are in the same set if and only if they depends on the same subset of inputs signals of the graph The graph is modified The nodes are clustered into sub graphs The internal representation must be in bDC sub format e Sequentializing it performs the inter format bDC a tree of boolean clocks to sbDC sequentialized boolean dc translation The internal representation must be in bDC sub format The nodes of the internal representation are ordered The assert nodes are visible for code generation code will be generated for verifying assumptions at run time e Flattening STS it performs the inter format bDC a tree of boolean clocks to STS a tree of boolean clocks reduces to one level translation The internal representation must be in bDC sub format Generators There are 12 kinds of generators e Signal Textual SIG it translates the internal representation of the specification into a textual Signal file sig file e Signal Textual LIS it translates the internal representation of the specification into a textual Signal file sig file after the graph creation The errors will be written on the file e Signal Textual TRA it translates the internal representation of the specification into a textual Signal file sig file after the clock calculus phase e Signal Model Sme it translates the internal representation of the specification into a XMI Model Signal file sme file This model file is confo
58. o this view select Window gt Show View gt Other and then select Polychrony gt SME Scenario Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 46 Run Window Help ees he ____ Open Perspective b Customize Perspective AENEA E RE HL Ant Reset Perspecthe i fe CiC Cose Perspective i k Cheat Sheets Close All Perspectives B E cvs Navigation 4 Debug LA Working Sets L gt Help Preferences H E Java H E Java Browsing H E Make H E PDE H E PDE Runtime vL Polychrony SESH H E Target Management Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 47 The Signal text editor Since v0 18 0 the SME environment integrates a simple text editor to manipulate Signal Text files inside Eclipse The current version provides only syntax highlighting for Signal keywords for comments and for constant value using primitive types string character or numerical value To use this editor you have only to double click on the file with extension SIG Maybe the Signal Text editor is not selected by default so you have to right click on the file and select Open With gt Signal Text Editor lt lt ss E Package Explor 3 fe Hierarchy O kard E Ss 3 fr irisa espresso sme examples gt model watchdog a Makchdog_LI5 5I i eee oe new rd Chronometer smedi pen md Counter sme Open With Counter smedi Sh
59. omment the COMMENT pragma attached to this identifier e From a Signal Expression which constitutes the starting value of the Index e Name the name of the Index which is used as its identifier It has to be unique inside its container It is even better to name it uniquely inside the file e Step an integer Constant Expression different from 0 If the value is omitted it is equal to 1 e To a Signal Expression which constitutes the ending limit of the Index J Input It corresponds to the declaration of an input signal in a Model Declaration Because it represents an input of the declaration of a Model it cannot be the target of a Dataflow Connection only an Instance of the Input can be the target of a Dataflow Connection Children none Basic Array Dimensions indicates the dimensions of the Input if it is an array If it is a multi dimensional array specify one dimension per line A dimension is a constant expression Constant Value Parameter an integer positive number e Comment the COMMENT pragma attached to this identifier e Initial Value initialize the value of the Input e Name the name of the Input which is used as its identifier It has to be unique inside its container It is even better to name it uniquely inside the file e Type it corresponds to one of the Intrinsic Primitive Type or to one of the type declared To access to a type declared in the file the Input has to be in the scope of t
60. or It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name e Signal points to the tested Signal e Src Field if the tested Signal uses a Tuple Type or an array type this attribute is the way to access to the signal field Not implemented by the compiler yet G Transposition It corresponds to the matrix transposition operator Children e One Input Port already created connected to the matrix expressions to transpose Basic e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name Tuple Operator It corresponds to the tuple operator which allows to create a tuple with unnamed fields opposite to a Signal declare with a Tuple Type Children e Input Port this operator is a multiple inputs operator this means that you can add as many Input Ports as Signal Expressions you need at least 2 to connect The ports are ordered Basic e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 29 unique name A Tuple Type It corresponds to the declaration of structured types called also ina generic way tuple types with named fields There are two categories of tuple types polychronous and monochronous An object typed by a polychronous tuple is in fact a gathering of objects In this way a polychronous tuple of signals is not a signal it has no
61. ormation is useless ES Counter It allows the numbering of the occurrences of a signal Children e Two Input Ports already created The first one has to be connected to the Signal Expression which has to be numbered and the second to a reseting event if Counter Kind is After or From or to a constant integer expression if Counter Kind is Count Basic e Counter Kind this attribute is of enumerated type whose values are After From and Count By default the value of this attribute is After After means that it counts the number of occurrences of the first Signal Expression since the last occurrence of the reseting event From works as After but if the Signal Expression and the reseting event are simultaneous it is counted by From not by After Count means that it counts the number of occurrences of the Signal Expression modulo the number of the second expression e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name Dataflow Connection It corresponds to the Signal definition or partial definition It constitutes the main link between signal expressions Children none Basic e Name the name of the model object It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name e Expert e Cast Type it corresponds to the casting type for the source expression The type is one of the Intrinsic Primitive Type e Is Default Value if the destination is a
62. ow Tn I Modem sme i Modem smedi 2S Copy rd SIGNAL_INTRINSICS lt G2 Copy Qualified Name i SimpleHierarchicAutorr IE Faste j SimpleHierarchic utor 5 Delete J watchdog sme j Watchdog smedi Build Path Refactor Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 J Watchdog_LIS SIG 2 process Watchdog DELAY order finish Llarim f Signal textual editor E Text Editor oe System Editor In Place Editor Default Editor Other DEFVALUE 1 The connection to the Polychrony services To access to Polychrony services inside Eclipse the compiler has been deeply connected to the reflexive editor and the graphical environment The main goal for this connection is to obtain a traceability between the SME models and the results returned by the compiler Thus it becomes possible to indicate directly on the source model the compilation errors How does the connection work Build AST Polychrony native Error detected Apply Polychrony services oe a TT enerat eatin Signal C SynDEx The connection between the SME Eclipse editors and the POLYCHRONY compiler consists of a Java C interface to communicate with the compiler through native libraries for Linux and Windows The principle of the communication represented on previous figure is the following 1 First the SME model is transformed into the abstract syntax tree AST representation inside the compiler A SME model
63. perator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name tu Array Restructuration It allows to define partially an array by defining some indices defined coordinate points of this array Non defined values are any values of correct type Children e Two Input Ports already created The first one takes an expression corresponding to the index es of the array at which the expression indicated by the second port is set Basic e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name F Assertion It corresponds to a process with no output which specifies that a Boolean expression must have the value true each time it is present Children none Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 9 Basic e Expression the boolean expression to check in a textual form If a Condition references this Assertion the boolean expression at the source of this Condition will be the expression to check e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name Assertion Clock It corresponds to the different kind of clock constraint operator in Constraint Operator a context of an assertion To use this operator connect the different expressions to it with Clock Relation model object Children none Basic e Name the name of the operator It is used
64. plication Division Modulo and Power By default the value of this attribute is Addition Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 8 oon Array Enumeration It corresponds to the Signal operator for defining an array by the ordered list of its elements Children e Input Port this operator is a multiple inputs operator this means that you can add as many Input Ports as Signal Expressions you need at least 2 to connect The ports are ordered Basic e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name T Array Product It corresponds to the Signal operator for a matrix product The operands must have a basic type which is a numeric type Children e Input Port this operator is a multiple inputs operator this means that you can add as many Input Ports as Signal Expressions you need at least 2 to connect The ports are ordered Basic e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name Ey Array Recovery It corresponds to the Signal operator for defining a recovery default value when accessing to an array out of its bounds Children e Two Input Ports already created The first one takes an array expression and the second one takes a recovery expression which is used when the array expression try to access out of the bounds of the array Basic e Name the name of the o
65. pplied on two vectors the result is a vector of Booleans where as the second one returns a single Boolean value same distinction between Smaller Or Equal and Smaller Or Equal Any Complex Operator It corresponds to the operator for building complex number Children e Two Input Ports already created The first one represents the real part of the complex number and the second the imaginary part Basic e Name The name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name E Concatenation It corresponds to the concatenation operation which allows to concatenate arrays along to their first dimension Children e Input Port this operator is a multiple inputs operator this means that you can add as many Input Ports as Signal Expressions you need at least 2 to connect The ports are ordered On each Input Port an array expression has to be connected Basic e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name Condition It corresponds to the expression of a condition for some specific Conditioned Expression the Assertion the Cell the Dependence Operator the Extraction or the If Then Else Children none Basic e Condition Kind this attribute is of enumerated type whose values are Present True Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 14 and False By default the value o
66. r not related to an order will be ignored An order is supposed to be coded by an integer The process receives also as other input the finish signal which is an event In order to count the time synchronous languages do not use language defined devices like seconds whose accuracy is not sufficient The source of time is also an input signal called tick of type event The amount of time between two such time events is defined by the environment The parameter DELAY is expressed as a number of tick As output the process produces an alarm when the DELAY between order and finish is exceeded This alarm is an integer corresponding to the hour the number of tick since the beginning of execution at which the alarm is sent Dataflow Diagram Watchdog unnamed J Present order DELAY Present Finish The following pictures are screen shots of the Data flow Diagram of the Watchdog and of the Clock Relations and Dependences Diagram The main differences between this Data flow Diagram and these of the Counter example concerning the use of the graphical editor are e The Merging operator has 4 Input Ports As other operators the Merging is a n ary operators so it is possible to add as many Input Port as needed For this purpose you have only to right click on the Merging graphical element and to select the Add new port action e The Condition link has boolean expressions and not a Signal as source and true as Condition Kind not p
67. ransition It corresponds to a transition of an Automaton A Weak Transition is evaluated for the current instant after the execution of its source state If the guard is true the mode of the Automaton for the next instant will be the target state Children none Basic e Guard is a textual boolean expression to express when to go from the source state to the target state e Name the name of the model object It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name e Priority is an integer value which indicates for states with several out going Weak Transitions the order of their evaluation e Source Target e Dst the target of a Weak Transition is a sub state And State Automaton or State of the Automaton which belongs this transition or the History of one of them e Src the source of a Weak Transition is a sub state And State Automaton or State of the Automaton which belongs this transition Window It corresponds to the sliding window operator which returns an array composed by the Window Size th last values of the expression connected to the Input Port Children e One Input Port already created to connected the Signal Expression Basic e Initial Value initialize the value for the Window Size 1 th first execution of the operators This means that this attribute is an array whose size the first dimension of the array is equal to Window Size 1 e Name the name of the operator It is used to id
68. resent e In the diagram there are different graphical element with the same name In fact there are two Constant Value declarations ZERO and ONE and two Constant Refs which point to these declarations Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 59 e Some signals as hour and cnt or zcnt has a free clock thus they have to be defined explicitly in a Clock Relations and Dependences Diagram as shown on the following picture o In the textual specification hour is defined as being the number of tick since the beginning of the execution so hour and tick have to be synchronized at each tick hour must be incremented To build such relation drag the Clock Synchronization operator from palette and connect Clock Relation link from hour and tick to this operator o According to the specification the Local signal cnt is updated when an order or a finish signal is emitted or is decremented at each tick So the clock of cnt is the union of the clocks of order finish and tick To build such relation drag a Clock Union operator in fact Clock Relation operator with the Operator attribute set to Union from the palette and add it a new Input Port as with the Merging operator Finally connect order finish and tick to each Input Port of the Clock Union operator and the operator to cnt with Clock Relation links Clock Relations and Dependences Diagram Watchdog unnamed gt gt Finish gt
69. rmed to the SME meta model e Signal Abstraction it translates the abstraction of the internal representation into a textual Signal file sig file e Sigali it translates the internal representation of the specification into a textual Sigali file z3z file This file is then used by Sigali to prove dynamical properties e C ANSI it translates the internal representation of the specification into a textual C ANSI files c and h files These files are used to simulate the Signal specification It is applied to a graph which must be a sbDC one The graph is with or without clusters Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 45 e C it translates the internal representation of the specification into a textual C files cpp and h files These files are used to simulate the Signal specification It is applied to a graph which must be a sbDC one The graph is with or without clusters e Java it translates the internal representation of the specification into a textual Java files java files These files are used to simulate the Signal specification It is applied to a graph which must be a sbDC one The graph is with or without clusters e Profiling it produces the morphism of the internal representation according to the definitions assigned of the Signal operators given in the ht table into a textual Signal file sig file e Lustre it translates the internal representation of the specification into a text
70. roject project o gt Model Mew HI E Project Open Open With p ME Diagram OCL Rule File EE Copy CH Folder F File J Delete nie Ecore Diagram bee ots SAM Diagram Rename ta i cra SML Diagram E Import tg UML Diagram py Export oe TRAMWay Project Refresh Py Example jab Rename Model Py Other m Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 34 When the SME Diagram wizard is opened you have only to choose the kind of root diagram see next part for a description if each kind of diagrams If the diagram must be initialized directly check the corresponding check box You can also drag the different elements from the Outline to position them more relevantly S Create new Sme diagrams ole l ya Sme Diagrams Define the model diagram informations O Create a new Model Directory m Model name Template Interface Definition Diagram y Create from an existing Model Model m i M Model Declaration Select Root Diagram InterFace Definition Diagram m Initialize the diagram with existing model objects Diagram Accessibility and Aspects The diagram can be created for the root of a new SME file through the SME wizard but also for some specific model objects Thus we can have hierarchic diagrams Moreover three kinds of diagram Interface Definition Data flow and Clock Relations and Dependences are complementary it means that for some model o
71. se the Addition operator is a commutative one Finally connect the result of these two cases the Extraction operator and the Addition one to a Merging operator dragged from palette and connect its Input Port here in the relevant order to both cases and the Merging operator to the val Output signal with Dataflow Connections Remark e In this example the use of the Local signal counter is not necessary we could connect directly the delay operator to the Input Port of the Addition operator e We do not need any Clock Relations and Dependences Diagram here because the clocks of each signal is set implicitly Here val and counter have the same clock linked through a delay operator and the clock of reset is a subset of those of val Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 58 Watchdog The second example is the specification of a Watchdog process This example is not more complicated as the previous one but it shows the use of a Clock Relations and Dependences Diagram and some specific actions on some operators Specification a process emits an order to be executed within some delay When finished a finish signal is made available The Watchdog is designed to control this delay It receives a copy of order and finish signals It must emit an alarm whenever a job is not finished in time If a new order occurs when previous one is not finished the time counting restarts from zero A finish signal out of delay o
72. shared Local signal or a state variable this attribute indicates if the source expression constitutes the default value of the partial definition e Use Last Iteration Value indicates if the source expression used is those computed during the last iteration this attribute is only used inside an Iterate model e Use Src Clock indicates if the Dataflow Connection uses the clock of the source or its value e Source Target Dst the target of a Dataflow Connection is a Signal Input Instance Local Output Signal Ref or an Input Port of an operator except for Clock Relation Operator e Dst Field if the target is a Signal using a Tuple Type or an array type this attribute is the way to access to the signal field Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 16 e Src the source of a Dataflow Connection is a Signal Expression operators except Clock Constraint Operator Clock Relation Operator Clock Speed Operator and Dependence Operator Signals or Output Port e Src Field if the source is a Signal using a Tuple Type or an array type this attribute is the way to access to the signal field EJ Delay It corresponds to the delay operator which returns the Nb Instants th previous value of a Signal Expression except for its first Nb Instants th execution where it uses the initial value Children e One Input Port already created to connected the Signal Expression to delay Basic e Initi
73. t instant before the execution of its source state If the guard is true the mode of the Automaton for the current instant will be the target state Only one Strong Transition can be taken during an instant An And State allows to compose synchronously several states at least 2 A Final State is used to express the behavior of a state using a Data flow Diagram and or a Clock Relations and Dependences Diagram An Automaton has at least one sub state To define the initial state of an Automaton right click on the wanted initial state and select the Set the Initial State action Lo Modes 0 A Automator BE 4nd state 5 Final state Transitions a el Weak transition AL Strong transition Miscellaneous C History Local signal An History can be added to an Automaton or to an And State If the target of a transition is an Automaton or an And State it means that the Automaton resp all sub states of the And State will be reinitialized before their execution start its execution at the initial state To restart from the last state of the Automaton resp all sub states of an And State the target of the transition must be the History of the Automaton resp And State Local signals can be declared in an Automaton or And State These signals are shared by all sub states of the Automaton resp And State When Local signals declared in an Automaton are defined in several sub states of the Automaton do not forget
74. tainer It is even better to name it uniquely inside the file E Substitution Type It corresponds to a generic type that can refer another one Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 28 Children none Basic e Array Dimensions indicates the dimensions of the Substitution Type if it is an array type If it is a multi dimensional array type specify one dimension per line A dimension is a constant expression Constant Value Parameter an integer positive number e Comment the COMMENT pragma attached to this identifier e Is External indicates if the referenced type is defined outside the context of the Model for example in a C library e Name the name of the Substitution Type which is used as its identifier It has to be unique inside its container It is even better to name it uniquely inside the file e Type it corresponds to one of the Intrinsic Primitive Type or to one of the type declared To access to a type declared in the file the Constant Value has to be in the scope of this declaration e Visibility indicates the visibility public or private if the Substitution Type is declared inside a Module If it is declared in a Model Declaration this information is useless W Switch It corresponds to a switch operator A signal is tested and the different cases are expressed in Sub Processes linked to the Switch by a Case Connection Children none Basic e Name the name of the operat
75. ter to name it uniquely inside the file Pragma It corresponds to the definition of a pragma whose role is to associate specific informations with the objects of a Model These informations may be used by a compiler or another tool Children none Basic e Expression a string representing the information to associate with the target objects e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name e Pragma a string which represents the kind of the pragma e Target a list of identifiers on which this pragma is applied Repetition Operator It corresponds to the repetition operator which is a simple form of iterative enumeration which allows the finite repetition of a value The result of this operator is an array with several times the value connected to the first Input Port The number of repetitions is represented by the second Input Port Children e Two Input Ports already created The first one takes an expression used to fill the array and the second takes the number of repetitions i e the size of the built array Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 26 The expression connected to the second Input Port have to represent a strictly positive integer value Basic e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name z Sequential Definition It corresponds to the sequential
76. the same manner as for the SME file right click on the SIG file and select Polychrony to obtain all actions proposed for the SME file and one action to generate a SME file from the SIG file in a directory named as the SIG file There are two new options that appeared in the 0 20 0 version of the plugin the interactive compilation and the general compilation Let s see the interactive compilation first to be able to use it choose the General Compilation menu in the Polychrony menu and then click on Interactive Compilation New gt Open Open With gt Copy X Delete Move Rename s Import t Export Refresh Run As gt Debug As gt Profile As gt Team gt Compare With gt Replace With gt Topcased gt Traceability gt TransformToFiacre gt Polychrony gt General Compilation gt interactive Compilation Model Archive gt Execute Predefined Scenarios gt General Compilation Properties Open As gt Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 53 A new window will pop up with all the options available in the scenario editor Booleans To Events Signals Unification Clock Calculus Events To Booleans Abstraction Z 3Z Sigali Signal Generation Signal LIS Generation Signal TRA Generation Quit Each time you click on an option the corresponding operation is realized in real time When you have finished
77. tifiers this section contains the declaration for Constant Values Indexes and Local signals It provides also elements to refer to constants Constant Value Parameter Literal or Enumeration Value or to signals Input Local or Output that are declared at a higher level A Constant Ref or a Signal Ref will automatically take the figure of the referenced elements Identifiers aed TK Constant reference Constant value amp Index f Literal Y Local signal i fs Signal reference e Operators this section contains all operators offered by the SIGNAL language Arithmetic Operator Addition Substraction Boolean Operator Equal And array operators Cartesian Product Matrix transposition and SIGNAL specific operators Delay Memorization Some of these operators have only one Input Port to connect some other only two and all the other are multiple inputs operators It means that we can add as many Input Port to connect expressions as needed To add one right click on the operator and select the Add a New Port action For the Cartesian Product it has also Output Port and it has to have the same number of Input Ports and Output Ports When an Input Port is added it adds automatically an Output Port Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 38 Operators D E Addition Equal WA Array Recovery Delay e Links this section all kinds of connections
78. tion of processes To use it connect at least an index to its Input Port It is also possible to iterate on several indexes for this purpose right click on the Iteration and select the Add a New Port action to add a new Input Port to connect another index For the initialization part and the iterated process it is the same as for the Basic Iteration Block A Mode Automaton can be added For more information on it consult the Mode Automaton Diagram section Local Model Declarations Action Function Node and Process can also be declared inside this diagram and Model reference can refer to the declaration of a Model Declaration declared at another level To instantiate a Model Declaration use a Model Instance object To use it specify the Referred Interface attribute right click on the Model Instance and select Load Model Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 37 Instance Inputs Outputs action This action creates the Input Instances Output Instances and Parameters Instances corresponding to those of the Referred Interface o A Sub Process is a sub part of the current process It can also be used to specify the cases of the switch operator o This diagram contains also the declaration of types Enumeration Model Type Substitution Type and Tuple Type Containers aed Basic Iteration A Mode automaton M Process M Model reference I Model instance i SubProcess H FA Enumeration e Iden
79. to use partial definition links to define them A partial definition is a Dataflow Connection with the Use Partial Definition set to true Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 42 To parametrize each of these elements right click on any graphical object and select the Property View For more information refers to the Parametrization of model objects section select the Advanced tab to view the attribute and references of each model object Tuple Type Diagram This diagram is only used to specify graphically a Tuple Type by adding them Fields represented by Local signal declaration and a Specification area only if the Tuple Kind is bundle to precise the clock relations between the different fields gt Elements aod Field Sper Specifications of Clock constraints To parametrize each of these elements right click on any graphical object and select the Property View For more information refers to the Parametrization of model objects section select the Advanced tab to view the attribute and references of each model object Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 43 The compilation scenarios plug in The goal of this plug in is to allow the creation of compilation scenarios for Polychrony model A compilation scenario is composed of different kinds of functionalities and of generators A functionality modifies the internal representation of the program whereas a generator translates t
80. trol systems e Nuclear power control systems e Defense systems e Radar systems It constitutes a development environment for critical systems from abstract specification until deployment on distributed systems It relies on the application of formal methods allowed by the representation of a system at the different steps of its development in the Signal polychronous semantic model For more information concerning the INRIA Polychrony environment consult the ESPRESSO team website http www irisa fr espresso Polychrony Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 2 The TopCased Modeling perspective Modeling with Polychrony under Eclipse is easier by selecting the Topcased Modeling perspective a perspective is a particular configuration of Eclipse environment that consists of customized views shortcuts and popup menus To activate the Topcased Modeling perspective select Window gt Open Perspective gt Other Window Help New Window b B a Open Perspective ped Debug Show View g Java tJ Customize Perspective t Java Browsing Save Perspective 4s ace Reset Perspective Close Perspective Close All Perspectives Navigation d La Working Sets Preferences and select the Topcased Modeling perspective l Open Perspective z lacs Repostory Exploring F Debug g Java defauk ae Java Beovesing fe lava Type Herardhiy Plug in Development Resource ee Team
81. ts as you need at least 2 The ports are ordered e Output Port this operator has also as many Output Ports as Input Ports at least 2 Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 11 and they are ordered too Basic e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name MSE Case Connection It corresponds to a case for the switch operator Children none Basic e Case Kind this attribute is of enumerated type whose values are ElseCase Enumeration ClosedInterval LeftHalfOpenInterval RightHalfOpenInterval and OpenInterval By default the value of this attribute is ElseCase e Enumeration if the enumeration case kind is selected this attribute is used to enumerate the values for the current case e Lower Bound is used to specify the lower bound of an interval If the Case Kind is one of the interval kind and if no value is specified for the lower bound the value is o0 Intervals are not fully implemented by the compiler yet e Name the name of the model object It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name e Upper Bound is used to specify the upper bound of an interval If the Case Kind is one of the interval kind and if no value is specified for the lower bound the value is oo Intervals are not fully implemented by the compiler yet e Source Target e Dst any of the Sub Process or Iterate model object whi
82. ual Lustre file lus file e Syndex it translates the internal representation of the specification into a textual SynDEx file sdx file for code distribution Reflexive editor The reflexive editor has been automatically generated from the compilation scenario meta model To create a new compilation scenario file ssc right click on your project and select New gt Other and then select the following model Polychrony gt SME Compilation Model However there are some constraints to create a compilation scenario because some functionalities generators can only be applied after others so an interactive view described in next part has been created to help user to create such scenario SME Scenario View The SME Scenario View see following picture constitutes a way to describe a compilation scenario with some assistance Each functionality and generator is represented by a button and according to the functionality or generator you activate others become available or are disabled Since version 0 5 0 a check box to enable disable the display of all warnings has been added Error Log SMES io 3 gt z Progress EJ Console 2 Problems m Functionalities Generators Scenario none Description Boolean to Events Signal Textual SIG Signal Textual LIS Signal Unifications Clock Calculus Signal Textual TRA Signal Model SME Events to Boolean Abstraction Sigali Mienlawv all warninac To access t
83. ue inside its container It is even better to name it uniquely inside the file B Not It corresponds to the logical Not operator Children e One Input Port already created used to connect a Boolean Expression Basic e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name W Null Clock It corresponds to the empty clock which corresponds to the clock without any instant to an event that never occurs Children none E Numeric Expression It corresponds to a complete numeric expression It was added to the meta model to avoid a long description of a complete arithmetic expression Children none Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 24 Basic e Expression the arithmetic expression in textual form e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name P Or It corresponds to the logical Or operator 8 Children e Input Port this operator is a multiple inputs operator this means that you can add as many Input Ports as Signal Expressions you need at least 2 to connect The ports are ordered Basic e Name the name of the operator It is used to identify it so it is better if it has a unique name q Output It corresponds to the declaration of an output signal in a Model Declaration Children none Basic e Array Dimensions indicat
84. us you have to choose the name of the diagram select Next gt and then select the kind of the root for the model file There are two kinds of root model element e Model Declaration it corresponds to a SIGNAL component i e process e Module it corresponds to a library of components types and constants Once you have chosen the root model you have only to add new model objects To do so right click on the node on which you want to add a child and select the New Child menu It displays the list of all possible model elements that can be added for the current selected element If this option does not exist for a node it means that there is no possible child for this node Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 7 Parametrization of model objects Here we detail how to parametrize each model objects meta classes that are not abstract that can be added in a SME model file To be able to customize model objects you have to display the Property View right on a model element and select the Show Property View action In the following for each model object we precise the children model objects that can be added to it and each feature that can be modified by the user not the read only one They are listed in alphabetical order For more information about the semantics of each element consult the Signal v4 reference manual for syntactic elements and for mode automaton elements consult Polychronous mode automata
85. x x86_ lt version gt for Linux e fr irisa espresso sme polychrony carbon macosx x86_ lt version gt for MacOS X Intel By default this parameter only contains the root of this lib directory For example if you want to use the apex arinc library add to the parameter the path lt lib Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 ol directory gt apex_arinc653 lib e Maximum number of types This parameter represents the maximum number of types that can be loaded during a compilation By default this value is 4096 e Memory size for the internal structure This parameter represents the memory size reserved for the allocation of the internal tree structure used during a compilation By default this value is 60000000 bytes e Memory size for the string structure This parameter represents the memory size reserved for the allocation of strings By default this value is 1 Mb If you change one of these values validate these changes by clicking on the apply button For restoring the initial values click on the Restore Defaults button Applying Polychrony services To call Polychrony services right click on the SME file on which you want to apply the service s and select Polychrony You can choose to use a predefined scenario in this case select the Execute Predefined Scenarios option Open Open With gt Copy X Delete Move Rename ey Import ey Export Refresh Run As
86. you can close this window by clicking on the Quit button Copyright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 54 To use the general compilation GUI choose the General Compilation menu in the Polychrony menu and then click on General Compilation A GUI with tabs will pop up General Compilation General Options Partitioning Export Tools Code Generation SIGNAL Forms Miscellaneous C Generation C Generation Java Generation Compile Quit Check Delay Multiplexing Force Delay Optimizing Distribution Each time you re clicking or unclicking an option the option manager of the SIGNAL compiler is called and the corresponding options are activated or unactivated The compilation starts when you push the Compile button Simulation The Polychrony services provides several kinds of generators which needs external tools to be used or executed SynDEx tools for sdx files Sigali distributed with the classical Polychrony distribution for z3z files The C C or Java code generation is dedicated to simulations By default the code C C or Java generated by Polychrony will read input values from a files called R lt input name gt dat or RC_ lt input name gt dat if the input signal is of type event and will write output values into a file called W lt output name gt dat These input files has to be created and filled by the user one value per line and for event signal O for absence a
87. yright IRISA INRIA Rennes ESPRESSO 2007 2010 32 The graphical modeler plug in This plug in provides a graphical layer to build graphically to visualize and to better understand a SME Model For this purpose we defined six different kinds of diagrams e Interface Definition Diagram e Data flow Diagram e Clock Relations and Dependences Diagram e Library Diagram e Mode Automaton Diagram e Tuple Type Diagram Each of these diagrams represents a specific aspect in the modeling of a SME Model and will be detailed in the following Before this we first explain how to create a new project and a new diagram Creation of a new SME diagram from a Template To help the user during the creation of a new SME Diagram the modeling editor has a wizard which allows to create a model from a template model file The role of the wizard is to make more convivial the task of creation by accompanying the user The creation will proceed in a few Stages To start the wizard right click on the project where you want to create your model and select New gt Other and then select the following diagram Polychrony gt SME Diagram Remark If you have successfully switched to the Topcased Modeling perspective there is a shortcut directly accessible from the pop up menu see the picture below Topcased Modeling Eclipse SDK Fie Edit Navigate Search Project Run Window Help Qni T5 Navigator nd Topcased Navigator HE S e

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