BEXUS User Manual
Contents
1. 29 GAA JPost dighi plidse scie uestra tidem 30 6 5 Radio frequency cornstratnts e 30 6 0 oes ut ha as dades 30 Qu IL IM E 30 662 Herc les Impatt 31 6 6 3 Landing considerations 31 6 7 Recommended Tests for 32 o CN 32 32 6 17 37 E EP a ocd EO 32 Bench bua M EC MM CE E 33 6 8 General Design Considerations 34 6 8 1 Experiment Accessibility 34 6 8 2 Availability of Parts 34 6 8 3 Experiment Construction Costs a ER ds 34 68 4 cniin aO CN pea ORE 34 6 8 5 Weight and Size Considerations eie eere reden 34 6 8 6 Effectiveness of Testing ood ed ect eu ei ene Ree eei is 34 6 62 M Ln a 35 PRECAMPAIGN ACTIVITIES 36 Esrange Safety Board ESB rit vato eh tar 36 7 2 Flight Requirements Plan ER P uie escis end eer 36 7 3 Payload Assembly and Integration 36 7 3 1 Experiment Incoming Hispectioli e OE etie 36 CAMPAIGN ACTIVITIES BEFORE START OF COUNT DOWN 37 8 1 Descrip2. ADU 21 5L E Link telem try system ver eae 21 E Link System Overview o rna t tei Oe deiude 21 5 1 2 Technical Specification of the E Link Airborne Unit 22 5 1 3 Technical Specification of the E Link Ground Unit 22 5 2 Esrange Balloon Service System EBASS 23 JBBASS OVSFVICU hel d iD ae pad RUND aS 23 5 2 2 Technical Specification of the EBASS Ground Unit 24 5 2 3 Technical Specification of the Airborne 25 6 DESIGN CONSTRAINTS 26 6 1 designe e t ba soc da 26 Page 4 6 1 1 Experiment mounting esce 26 Acceleration ees atas meer NOE en 27 6 2 Electric 28 6 3 Interface Description for E Link Experiment Channels 28 6 3 1 Front panel connector E Link side eet 28 6 3 2 Cable mating connector Experiment side 28 64 Thermal D REDIERE UE RES 29 61 ViPresLagnch Phase t m te aet 29 04 2 Count DOWD Phase essc GU itl 29 64 3 DNASE a iones tete
3. EuROLAUNCH An OLR and SSC cooperation This document remains our property and should not be copied without our written allowance Nor is it permitted to show or give this document to a third person Contravention will be prosecuted with the support of existing law BEXUS User Manual Document ID BX BEXUS user manual v6 1 30Augl0 Version Issue Date Document Type Valid from 6 1 30 August 2010 Spec 1 September 2010 Current version issued by M Fittock Contributors Please see Change Record for a list of contributors Current version approved by O Persson Distribution Page 2 Change Record Draft 2007 02 07 2 2007 08 23 3 2007 11 23 all 4 1 2007 11 30 all 4 2 2007 12 05 O Persson 4 3 2007 12 11 O Persson 4 4 4 5 4 6 2008 11 12 O Persson 4 7 2008 12 08 A Stamminger 4 8 2008 12 11 all O Persson 4 9 2009 02 08 all H Page 5 0 2009 02 27 4 4 2 4 5 6 2 6 32 O Persson 8 5 3 6 0 2009 12 04 all M Fittock 6 1 2010 08 30 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 6 1 8 6 M Fittock M Uitendaal Abstract This document has been created by EuroLaunch to aid experimenters taking part in a BEXUS flight as part of the REXUS BEXUS Programme It is continually updated and developed in order to serve the experimenters and operators better It describes important information about flights for experimenters interface details design guidelines and testing Keywords BEXUS manual interfa
4. Wind flight trajectory and visibility are important variables taken into consideration before starting a count down There is no magic numbers and the decision to start a count down is solely in the hands of Esrange personnel Note It is not possible to guarantee that a launch can take place on one of the 5 days allocated during the campaign week Plan and prepare so that it is possible for someone else to operate and document the functions of your experiment if the launch is postponed to a later opportunity This should be documented in the SED 9 2 Balloon launch conditions Launch period September October Launch window 05 00 20 00 LT Ground wind less than 4 m s Vertical visibility than 75 Conditions should be sufficient for helicopter recovery on the same day for a short flight or on the next day for other cases 9 3 Safety on the balloon pad Esrange has the overall responsibility for safety and has the Veto right in all safety issues during all activities within the Esrange base area In the case of clients guests with stronger safety rules then those of Esrange the stronger rules will apply No one is allowed on the pad during count down without the permission of the Operations Officer There are several heavy vehicles with limited visibility moving on the pad To be visible to the drivers Esrange provides participants with fluorescent safety vests It is mandatory to wear these when entering the laun
5. doge COS cos 0 Tecer Yecer d COSP 510 Eq 10 1 ZECEF Sin Q Page 52 BEXUS User Manual Figure 11 1 ECEF Coordinate System The reference ellipsoid is rotation symmetric and every plane cuts the ellipsoid to an ellipse with the flattening fe which is defined with the relative difference of the equator and pole radius Ra 10 2 fe R WGS84 Ellipsoid has a flattening of fe and the equator radius is 6378137 m Ref 9 The Earth eccentricity can be calculated with following equation eg 41 0L fe Eq 10 3 The position of the vehicle is given in geodetic coordinates relative to the reference ellipsoid The geodetic longitude 0 corresponds to the geocentric longitude Not like the geocentric latitude which is the inclination of the position vector to the equatorial plane the geodetic latitude describes the angle between equatorial plane and the normal to the reference ellipsoid It is positive to the North and negative to the South The difference of geodetic and geocentric latitude 15 shown in the following figure Page 53 BEXUS User Manual EuroLauncu Local Tangentia Plane on Ellipsoid GAY Reference Ellipsoid Figure 10 2 WGS84 Reference Ellipsoid The flattening of the Earth is very small because the difference between the Earth radius at the equator and the poles is le
6. se 44 945 Safety OTDICOT 44 9 4 6 Electronic 44 9 4 7 Esrange Telemetry Station o 44 9 48 Balloon iu ee tt teat mti i med 44 9 5 Count down and 45 9 85 Radi discipline oae seco eras eet Red pee tae 46 057 Deliverables data coc e e 47 Do Durme the TESTIS esaet ER c ei edd es 47 Nossa dates seu 47 9 10 Post Flight VICE 48 EXPERIMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE 49 10 1 Materials esce eode ens bed tace pato 49 10 2 Components is suse ces entere ii a aede a e e ure dese 49 10 3 Additional quality toga eine 49 10 4 Personnel Safety aces iet vu tei eda d edv oe piede ear doe Ua bts 50 19 5 Safety at Esrange Space Center 50 COORDINATE SYSTEM DEEINITION 51 11 1 Earth Centered Earth Fixed us ere eer Mete in ts 51 11 2 Local Tangential Coordinate System LTO 53 Page 6 APPENDIX GONDOLA 55 APPENDIX ESRANGE SAFETY AND SECURITY COMPLIANCE CONFIRMATION BALLOON iet dg ettet eh ede intente 57 APPENDIX C GONDOLA EXPERIMENT INTERFACE IMAGES 58 7 BEXUS User Manual EvuroLauncu
7. 8 5 1 Assembly of balloons All assembly and preparation activities related to the balloon and its subsystems are the responsibility of the EuroLaunch team This is normally done in the Basilica building 8 5 2 Assembly and checkout of payloads Payload assembly and preparations are conducted by the BEXUS Project Manager together with EuroLaunch staff and the experiment teams A dedicated person will be assigned to each gondola Working space in the launching area will be allocated to each team normally in the Cathedral building Figure 8 2 From left to right the Chapel Cathedral and Basilica preparation amp assembly buildings f Page 40 BEXUS User Manual EuroLauNncu 8 5 3 Equipment There is one soldering station located in the Cathedral assembly hall There is also basic measurement equipment and toolboxes available to borrow If you need some special tools or equipment be sure to either bring it with you or specifically state that you need it when you give input to the Flight Requirements Plan Figure 8 3 Standard Equipment Set at Esrange 41 BEXUS User Manual EvuroLAuncu 8 6 Flight Simulation Test FST When all experiments are operating nominally and there is enough time for this test a simulated count down and flight sequence is performed All telemetry and telecommand signals will be recorded in the telemetry ground station during the test It is important that the any changes m
8. Astrodynamics and Applications McGraw Hill Companies Inc 1997 NOTE All references documents can be found on the BEXUS teamsite along with the manual The ECSS references link directly to the documents themselves firstly though in order to access the documents registration is required this is easy and free for the user BEXUS User Manual 2 4 AGT AIT APID ASAP ATC BCR BEXUS CD CDR DLR EAR EAT EBASS ECEF EGon EIT E Link EMC EMI ESA ESD ESRANGE FAR FRP FRR FST GND GSE H W HCD HERCULES HK I F ICD IFU LOS LT LTC Mbps MFH Page 11 EuroLlauncn Abbreviations Argos GPS and ATC Transponder Assembly Integration and Test Application Identifier As Soon As Possible Air Traffic Control BEXUS Campaign Report Balloon EXperiment for University Students Count Down Critical Design Review Deutsches Zentrum fiir Luft und Raumfahrt Experiment Acceptance Review Experiment Acceptance Test Balloon piloting system Earth Centered Earth Fixed Esrange balloon gondola Electrical Interface Test Ethernet up amp downlink system Electro Magnetic Compatibility Electro Magnetic Interference European Space Agency Electrostatic Sensitive Device European Sounding Rocket Launching Range Flight Acceptance Review Flight Requirements Plan Flight Readiness Review Flight Simulation Test Ground Ground Support Equipment Hardware Hot Countdown Balloon launch vehicle House Keeping Interface
9. BEXUS User Manual EvuroLAuncu 6 8 General Design Considerations 6 8 4 Experiment Accessibility Bear in mind that designing for accessibility will make your task easier throughout the assembly and testing phases This is an important point that is often overlooked by experimenters It is in your interest that items such as switches battery packs and cable connections are easy to access Considering access to fasteners is also worth the time 6 8 2 Availability of Parts A major issue for many experimenters is late delivery and procurement delays Rather than merely basing a design on parts from catalogues ensure that they are available this can save a lot of time and money for experimenters Avoid designs based on hard to procure items or irreplaceable items where possible 6 8 3 Experiment Construction Costs Consider enforcing a three quote minimum on components where possible this is often not possible due to the specialized nature of items When designing remember that the cost for machining can differ greatly depending on early design decisions Avoid close tolerances wherever possible not only is it cheaper but it can save time with assembly Remember to use experience and judgement the cheapest items are not always the best selection 6 8 4 Redundancy Redundancy is desirable especially where there are safety or failure risks It is not as simple for mechanical as electrical but it should be considered during the design proc
10. Interface control document Interface Unit Line of sight Local Time Local Tangent Coordinate System Mega bits per second Mission Flight Handbook Page 12 BEXUS User Manual Eurolauncn Mobile Raketenbasis DLR MTR Mid Term Report NC Not Connected NCR Non Conformance Report PCM Pulse Code Modulation PDR Preliminary Design Review PFR Post Flight Report PI Principal Investigator PST Payload System Test QA Quality Assurance RNRZ Randomized NRZ a signalling modulation RX Receiver S W Software SED Student Experiment Documentation SNSB Swedish National Space Board SSC Swedish Space Corporation STW Student Training Week T Time before and after launch noted with or TBC To Be Confirmed TBD To Be Determined TC Tele Command TM Telemetry TX Transmission 0584 World Geodetic System 1984 WT Walky Talky handheld radio Page 13 BEXUS User Manual EuroLauncu 3 BEXUS PROJECT OVERVIEW AND MILESTONES 3 1 Project Organisation The technical support in the integration and testing phase as well as the campaign management and operations is provided by EuroLaunch EuroLaunch was founded in 2003 and is a joint venture of Swedish Space Corporation SSC and the Mobile Rocket Base of MORABA the German Aerospace Center DLR The DLR service part concerning experiment integration testing and student support is provided by the Institute of Space Systems RY DLR in Bremen When EuroLaunch is mention
11. REXUS BEXUS programme the teams become a part of the mission team Their primary responsibility is to ensure the timely delivery of their portion of the scientific payload in good order This responsibility extends to defining the investigation providing the instrumentation timely processing of data and publishing of results The experimenters must also contribute to establishing and conducting the operational programme through correspondence and fulfilment of the documentation requirements The successful operation of experiments is vital to the overall success of the REXUS BEXUS missions EuroLaunch supports the teams in order to see the good scientific returns Information and expertise is available where required for assisting decisions relating to design component materials operation and any other mission related issues Final decisions are normally left to the experimenters but if required by safety or otherwise EuroLaunch withholds the right to enforce decisions on any issue Before flight the experimenters must successfully convince EuroLaunch through testing simulation and documentation that their experiment is fit and safe for flight The experimenters are responsible for developing and providing the scientific payloads and support equipment provided EuroLaunch can aide with many of these issues but the team is responsible for ensuring that these are organized in a timely manner They are also responsible for ensuring that the e
12. system includes the main unit an antenna a battery and an RF interface unit At least one connection is available to all experimenters Use of the RS 232 option is not desired by EuroLaunch The main features of the system are e A standard and easy to use interface for payloads Ethernet 10 100 Base T Protocol MIL C 26482 MS3116F 12 10P connectors as seen in Figure 5 1 e High data bandwidth 2 Mbps duplex nominal e Optional synchronous and asynchronous interfaces All electrical parts are approved by FCC and ETSI standards e Fixed IP address allocations BEXUS User Manual Page 22 EurRoLAUNCH OLR and SSC cooperation ee 9 Figure 5 1 E Link Airborne Unit 5 1 2 Technical Specification of the E Link Airborne Unit Antenna Operating frequency Max output power Modulation Channel bandwidth Maximum range at LOS Data bandwidth User interfaces Power supply Operation time Weight Vertical polarised omni S band Peak 10 watt DSSS Nominal 11 MHz 500 km at 30 km altitude TBC 2 Mbps duplex nominal 2 Ethernet 10 100 Base 3 asynchronous duplex RS 232 422 channels 20 to 38 volt DC Nominal gt 11 hours Nominal 20 kg including batteries 5 1 3 Technical Specification of the E Link Ground Unit Antenna Operating frequency Max output power Modulation Channel bandwidth Maximum range at LOS Data bandwidth User interfaces 1 8 meter parabolic dish S band Pe
13. 1 INTRODUCTION The Swedish German balloon program BEXUS provides periodically recurring flight opportunities for student experiments Conducted by EuroLaunch BEXUS is an easily accessible experiment facility giving a few hours of high atmosphere flight Figure 1 1 Esrange launch site The payload is modularised to provide simple interfaces good flexibility and independence between experiments All payload service systems necessary for telecommunication payload control and recovery are included in the system High speed telemetry and up link command control of experiments is provided This document describes all the necessary information for a user of the BEXUS system including the services offered by EuroLaunch It defines the requirements that apply to the BEXUS experiment modules and gives design recommendations It also includes a description of the BEXUS system the programmatic elements the pre flight tests and the campaign schedule and finally there is a chapter on quality assurance and safety Page 8 BEXUS User Manual EvuroLAuncu 2 ALWAYS READ THIS There is plenty of useful information in this manual Make sure that you have found and understood the meaning of the following information Experiment safety If there are hazardous items such as chemicals free falling objects lasers radiation etc included in the experiments there may be a need for further investigation by the Esrange Safety Board This may take s
14. 4 Flight sequence For details of previous flights please refer to the past campaign reports and flight data If these can not be found on the REXUS BEXUS webpage or teamsite they can be made available upon request 4 41 Launch The payload is held by a launch vehicle and is released when the balloon begins its ascent Figure 4 4 Dynamic Launch with Hercules Launch Vehicle Page 17 BEXUS User Manual EvuroLAuncu 44 2 Ascent phase The nominal ascent speed is 5m s Depending on float altitude and variations in speed this phase can take up to 2 hours A slight oscillating movement is experienced Expect an initial drift above ground of 5 10m s 4 4 3 Float phase When the total mass of the system and the buoyancy of the gas reaches equilibrium the ascent phase stops During float there are only minor changes in altitude 200m Once the sun sets the balloon will begin to descend due to the cooling of the gas The payload mass influences the maximum altitude The final altitude is calculated shortly before launch and may vary between 25 and 35 km The nominal flight time is one to four hours 444 Descent phase To end the flight the cutter is activated causing the balloon to separate from the rest of the flight train and rip open There is a parachute system that brings down everything below the cutting device The descent speed is high from the start due to the thin atmosphere Closer to the ground it will stabilize at
15. 8 BEXUS User Manual EuroLauncu 9 10 Post Flight Meeting After the recovery a Post Flight Meeting is held to debrief the flight and a short flight performance report is stated A short presentation of the performance of each experiment is requested Page 49 BEXUS User Manual EuroLaAuncu 10 EXPERIMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE The major concerns of EuroLaunch related to Quality Assurance QA on the experiment level are that the experiment shall fulfil the interface requirements and that the module can fly in a BEXUS payload without jeopardising the performance of the other systems or experiments In addition EuroLaunch has a strong concern that the experiments shall perform nominally The following advice reflects this concern 10 1 Materials In addition to normal concerns when choosing materials special attention shall be paid to out gassing phenomena due to vacuum environment during flight As an aid the ECSS Q 70 71 6 Data for selection of space materials and processes may be used 10 2 Components All electrical and mechanical components must have a reliability that is consistent with the overall reliability of the payload For electronic components MIL std specified types are recommended 10 3 Additional quality topics In addition to the QA topics above the following topics shall be treated if required by EuroLaunch Procured products and audits Careful planning of the procurement and manufacturing must b
16. ak 10 Watt DSSS Nominal 11 MHz 500 km at 30 km altitude TBC 2 Mbps duplex nominal Ethernet 10 100 Base T 2 asynchronous RS 232 422 channels 1 synchronous channel up to 1 Mbps 23 BEXUS User Manual EuroLauncu 5 2 Esrange Balloon Service System EBASS This system is used by Esrange for piloting of the balloon Interference must be avoided at all costs 5 2 1 EBASS Overview The Esrange Balloon Service System EBASS provides functions for Altitude control Flight termination Load cell controlled emergency termination Onboard GPS Housekeeping Three full duplex asynchronous transparent serial connections for payload control and data reception These are not used for experiments on BEXUS unless there are exceptional circumstances Communication between EBASS and the ground station is maintained by a TM TC link at the 400 MHz band o 4 wes 4 Figure 5 2 EBASS System with ballast machine to the left BEXUS User Manual Page 24 EuRQLAUNCH a Airborne TM TC unit User Computer x Antenna Serial Channel 3 Figure 5 3 EBASS System Overview Data transmission 15 available for three payloads simultaneously 5 2 2 Technical Specification of the EBASS Ground Unit Transmitting frequency Modulation Total data bandwidth Receiving frequency Modulation Total data bandwidth IF bandwidth Output power An
17. approximately 8 m s 4 4 5 Landing Landing is always planned to be in sparsely populated areas preferably without any lakes The landing velocity is approximately 8 m s This is equivalent to a drop from approximately 3 m There is a shock absorbing material at the bottom of the gondola that lowers the shock load at landing Nominally the landing is gentle with no damage to the experiments On rare occasions we have seen landing shocks up to 35 g when landing in rocky terrain A water landing is softer but comes with another problem since the gondola is not watertight 18 Launch Ascent Float Open Valve New float Ballast release Cut Down Parachute descent BEXUS User Manual 4 ue Y 1 2 3 4 s 6 8 7 8 1 9 Impact Figure 4 5 BEXUS Flight Profile The performance of the BEXUS balloon may be adapted to the respective mission requirements Valve 4 and ballast release 6 operations are optional and not normally flown on BEXUS 45 Flight trajectory The total distance covered 15 different for all missions Since all flight systems depend of Line Of Sight LOS between Esrange and the gondola the maximum range is about 400 km Flight profiles are available in numerical form upon request 19 BEXUS User Manual EuroLauncn DLR and SSC Bexus 5 2007 03 28 Figure 4 6 Example of BEXUS 5 Flight Trajectory Ma
18. are available on the REXUS BEXUS teamsite Ed eor EU E XN lt Figure 6 1 Gondola 6 1 1 Experiment mounting Each experiment must be supplied with a sufficient number of brackets or a bottom plate in order to facilitate a safe mounting of the experiment Since there are two different rail CC distances 370 mm amp 375 mm the brackets must have an oval shape in order to make it possible for them to be mounted on both types of gondola The rails have 1 inch spacing between the mounting holes this is the same for both gondolas Two connection methods to the rails are available bolts and straps The bolts that can be used to connect to the gondola are 3 8 bolts and connect straight into the mounting holes As seen in Figure 6 2 below 3 8 24UNF nuts wrench size 9 16 14 3 mm are used to secure the bolt to the mounting rails the experiments sit on top of these nuts The straps have hooks at each end that connect to fixation rings which lock into the mounting holes Interface between some past experiments and the rails can be seen in Figure 6 1 and Appendix C 27 BEXUS User Manual EuroLauncu Distance between bolts is a multiple of 1 inch spacing Figure 6 2 Experiment mounting rails This distance is a multiple of linch spacing Figure 6 3 Mounting brackets example with critical dimensions The experiment should be structured to withstand the loads mentioned below as we
19. ce EuroLaunch testing design This is not an ICD document Page 3 Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION mnia be etes dee 7 2 READ THIS died a eroi dendi 8 2 1 gt DeMons 9 2 2 References aeter 9 2 3 Applicable documents Ree a AN qax 10 2 4 Abbreviations esee ee 11 3 BEXUS PROJECT OVERVIEW AND MILESTONES eee 13 iProject Organisation Mach 13 3 BEXUS Flight Pee euius 13 249 s Role stove Lave obras sete ai 14 JA 14 3 5 Student Experiment Documentation SED essere 14 4 SYSTEM 15 4 1 BEXUS flight configuration e as d 15 16 43 Homing Aid oec 16 44 ane Epp ont 16 LAT 16 43 Ascent ASS rese eue seti eve 17 4 43 17 BAAD cDeScent MASE onset tA tas Qe 17 445 Landing 4 PEG eoa ear e E vous 17 2 3 Fhghttrajectory a a 18 4 0 I CUM E P LE M E 19 5 TELEMETRY SYSTEMS
20. ch pad When E link is in a high power transmitting mode there is a 10 meter safety distance around the gondola This is marked with cones In the final 30 minutes before launch there is no more access to the experiments At launch everyone must stand close to the balloon pad buildings If the ascent trajectory is towards the buildings all persons must go inside the buildings and remain there until instructed otherwise Page 44 BEXUS User Manual EvuroLAuncu 9 4 Personnel during the launch 9 4 1 Esrange Project Manager This person acts as an interface between the guests and Esrange personnel All requirements must be sent to him before the campaign so that he can compile the Flight Requirements Plan It is important that he has all information as early as possible in order to avoid delays during the campaign week 9 4 2 Payload Manager This person acts as the contact point for the experimenters during the count down He relays questions between the experimenters and the Operations Officer via WT or telephone He also informs the Operations Officer about status of the Gondola and the experiments and informs him when the PL is ready for pick up The Payload Manager communicates with the Electronic Supervisor and the electronic team regarding the E Link telemetry issues Finally he is responsible for keeping experimenters and guests at the necessary safe distances during pick up and launch 9 4 3 Operations Officer The Operat
21. css dispatch cgi standards showFile 100662 d200903061735 15 No ECSS M ST 10C 3 1 July2008 pdf ECSS Space product assurance Manual soldering of high reliability electrical connections _ECSS Q ST 70 08C ESA Publications Division 2009 http ecss nl forums ecss dispatch cgi standards showFile 100753 d200903061908 30 No ECSS Q ST 70 08C 6March2009 pdf ECSS Space product assurance Crimping of high reliability electrical connections ECSS Q ST 70 26C ESA Publications Division 2008 http ecss nl forums ecss dispatch cgi standards showFile 100679 d200811111311 54 No ECSS Q ST 70 26C 3 1 July2008 pdf SSC Esrange Esrange Safety Manual REAO00 E60 ver 2 Esrange 2009 http www ssc se filearchive 3 3725 Esrange Safety Manual PDF SSC Esrange User s Handbook Esrange 2009 http www ssc se filearchive 1 14957 Esrange 20Users 20Handbook pdf ECSS Space product assurance Data for selection of space materials and processes ECSS Q 70 71A rev 1 ESA Publications Division 2004 http ecss nl forums ecss dispatch cgi standards showFile 100362 d200406221232 Page 10 BEXUS User Manual EuroLauncu 17 No ECSS Q 70 71Arev1 2818June2004 29 pdf 7 EuroLaunch SED Blank Book EuroLaunch 2009 8 EuroLaunch SED Guidelines EuroLaunch 2009 2 3 Applicable documents 9 Montenbruck Oliver amp Gill Eberhard Satellite Orbits Springer Verlag 2000 10 Vallado David A Fundamentals of
22. customer and customer s contractor personnel follow existing rules and instructions He she is the contact point between the customer and Esrange SSC Esrange Positions and Responsibilities Esrange Project Manager is responsible for the campaign coordination at Esrange and 15 the contact point between Esrange and the customer He she shall also superintend all safety and security regulations and arrangements related to the campaign Head of Esrange Launch Team is responsible for the ground safety in the launch areas and also all work with explosives at Esrange Operations Officer OP coordinates all operational work and 15 the interface with the customer and with Swedish and foreign authorities during countdown flight and recovery Safety Officer Flight Control Officer SO is responsible for flight safety during countdown and flight He she decides in coordination with the customer when to abort a flight Launch Officer LO is during countdown responsible for the ground safety in the launch areas and also all work with explosives at Esrange We accept the content of the text above Customer Mission Manager Project Manager Esrange Project Manager Page 58 BEXUS User Manual EvuroLAuncu APPENDIX C GONDOLA EXPERIMENT INTERFACE IMAGES Figure C 1 BEXUS 8 exterior with experiment equipment mounted to the outside of the Gondola 59 An DLR and SSC cooper BEXUS User Manual t
23. e A 1 Egon drawing 56 BEXUS User Manual EuroLauncn 375 25 40 Figure A 2 Egon gondola with rails Figure A 3 Egon Page 57 BEXUS User Manual EvuroLAuncu APPENDIX B ESRANGE SAFETY AND SECURITY COMPLIANCE CONFIRMATION BALLOON This document clarifies the basic safety and security conditions for the campaign at the Esrange Space Center This document shall be signed by the customer s range user s prime contractor s Mission Manager Project Manager and by the Esrange Project Manager One copy of this document and of the Esrange Safety Manual ESM EUA00 E538 is submitted to the customer s Mission Manager Project Manager Swedish law and Swedish safety and security regulations apply to all activities at Esrange The Esrange Safety Manual provides safety regulations and criteria associated with launching of sounding rockets UAV s and stratospheric balloons and must be followed by all parties involved Temporary and complementary regulations may be issued at any time via the Esrange Project Manager and conveyed to the Mission Manager Project Manager If the customer has own rules that are more stringent the customer s rules shall be respected when relevant and applicable Customer Positions and Responsibilities Mission Manager Project Manager is responsible for the customer s work at Esrange and is responsible to see that all
24. e integrated and placed in a vacuum chamber pressure below 0 5 mbar Experiment data shall be supervised and recorded during the test The experiment shall be operating during the lowering of the pressure in the vacuum chamber The experiment shall be in a similar mode as during the real BEXUS flight After this functional test flight sequence has been performed it is recommended that the module is kept operating for an additional 15 minutes in order to detect any leakages or overheating problems 6 7 2 Thermal test A thermal test is mainly performed in order to verify a nominal function of the experiment during the worst case temperatures that can be experienced during count down and launch It is the responsibility of the experimenter to perform this test if necessary The heating of the outer structure gondola is normally not included or tested Basic Procedure The experiment shall be integrated and placed in a thermal chamber Experiment data shall be supervised and recorded during the test The temperature shall preferably be measured in several places in the experiment Low temperature test Regulate the temperature in the thermal chamber preferably down to 80 C but at least to 40 C When the measured temperatures in the experiment have stabilised perform a functional test flight sequence Be aware of condensation problems if the test is performed in normal humidity 6 7 3 Mechanical Test Mechan
25. e made for identification of long lead items Preferably a flow chart shall be made which shows the sequence of operations Manufacturing control and inspection For the manufacturing and inspection of critical processes the personnel should be aware of standards in applicable areas such as e Manual soldering according to ECSS Q ST 70 08C e Crimping of connections according to ECSS Q ST 70 26C Specific requirements of the project or product concerning cleanliness contamination and environment shall be stated in the input to the Flight Requirements Plan When positioning the parts or components the sensitivity to heating ESD and electrical disturbances shall be considered Connectors shall be well marked and preferably keyed Re used item Page 50 BEXUS User Manual EvuroLAuncu It is important to consider the complete history of the re used item by consulting the hardware logbook or former project log book to be sure that it does not include any hidden failures Availability and maintainability Spare parts for components susceptible of failure shall be available during the payload AIT and the launch campaign The design shall allow for easy and fast replacements of such components Handling storage and packing ESD susceptible components shall be handled in an ESD protected environment Before transport the product shall be thoroughly packed to withstand the expected loads The use of a bump recorder i
26. ed in this document it means that all three institutions SSC MORABA and the RY may be involved The BEXUS balloons are launched from the European Sounding Rocket Launching Range Esrange of SSC near Kiruna in Northern Sweden The scientific evaluation of the experiment proposals and the financial support of the students are the responsibility of the German Space Agency DLR and the Swedish National Space Board SNSB in the latter case through cooperation with the European Space Agency ESA 3 2 BEXUS Flight Ticket In the BEXUS flight ticket which is offered to the international student community the following services are included General management and planning of the BEXUS project Provision of launch vehicle and subsystems necessary for a flight mission of 2 5 hours with recovery Integration of participating modules into the flight configured payload and pre flight testing of payload TM TC flight simulation test Assembly of the payload into the gondola and pre flight testing at the Esrange launch site Provision of laboratory facilities at the Esrange launch site Launch and recovery of payload Data acquisition with provisions of real time quick look and replay data from gondola and payload subsystems Disassembly of payload and return of experiments BEXUS Campaign report Page 14 BEXUS User Manual EvuroLAuncu 3 3 Experimenter s Role Once selected to participate in the
27. ed out as there are many issues which arise only after long duration of operation Where possible this is best done using the same power system as for flight with voltage and temperature monitoring of the batteries Possible issues that have occurred in the past is microcontroller malfunction with low power and battery rupture due to overdrawn current The experiment should be supervised at all times in case of a battery failure It is the responsibility of the experimenter to perform this test if necessary Basic Procedure The experiment should be assembled as for flight in a safe area removed from interference both environmental and human Monitoring of temperature and voltages for critical electronic components should be set up where desired The experiment should be run through a simulated countdown for a total of 6 hours including ethernet connection and wait period after switching on During this period procedures for interaction with the experiment can also be tested Following simulated launch the experiment should be run as desired for ascent float and descent of 6 hours Here the possibility of E Link dropouts should be simulated where appropriate to ensure that correct operation of the experiment will occur when there is no telemetry available Experimenters should also seriously consider running the experiment as they plan for another 24 hours to simulate the wait time on ground before recovery Page 34
28. eoses ee Figure C 3 BEXUS 8 interior showing connections to gondola frame and rails Figure C 2 BEXUS 9 showing 4 different mounting techniques for mounting to rails
29. ess Redundancy can be simply achieved by separate battery packs multiple switches check valves and other solutions 6 8 5 Weight and Size Considerations Minimizing weight is commonly overlooked by experimenters However keeping weight low where possible serves multiple functions For payload organization when experiments are light and small it gives EuroLaunch more flexibility in selecting locations for each experiment It can also result in more experiments being flown In order to do this early system design solutions must be generated so that the mechanical engineers can determine the best approaches to minimizing size and weight 6 8 6 Effectiveness of Testing When designing your experiment please take into consideration the testing in the future This is an issue of accessibility but also of design Fast and simple methods of testing calibrating or adjusting important items will save experimenters time This will also make it simpler for testing carried out by EuroLaunch Page 35 BEXUS User Manual EvuroLAuncu 6 8 7 Safety Safety is of the utmost importance to EuroLaunch Any experiment that is deemed risky to the public staff or experimenters will not be flown Take care to ensure that you perform any simulation analysis and testing that will help to convince EuroLaunch that the experiment is safe to fly If there are any items that you can identify as safety risks keep them in mind during your design as the pos
30. ic responsible person at launch pad for EBASS E Link Assistant Electronics Assistant electronic responsible at launch pad for EBASS E Link Safety Safety Officer Telemetry station Pilot Balloon Pilot Scientist Scientist experimenter responsible Payload Payload Manager 9 7 Deliverables data EuroLaunch will add this information when available 9 8 During the flight As soon as the balloon is in a steady ascent the Balloon Pilot and Operations Officer will move to the Operations Office in the main building The flight will then be monitored by the Balloon Pilot and the Safety Officer 9 9 Recovery The helicopter is equipped with tracking receivers for the payload beacon signal and can also be equipped with a payload TM receiver for data reception of the payload s GPS position During the flight the payload trajectory will be tracked by means of the transmitted GPS data in the TM ground stations During the descent of the payload the prediction on the impact point co ordinates is reported to the helicopter from Esrange The helicopter starts their operation to locate the payload after the impact At the impact site the helicopter crew disassembles the flight train for transport by truck back to Esrange Your experiment will then be exposed to vibration shock loads and the hostile environment on the back of the truck The whole operation is normally completed within two days after launch 4
31. ical tests are necessary to ensure performance of the experiment during flight after possible shocks that occur during launch If not it is possible that the balloon will be launched with the experiment non operational There are two major risks to be identified structural integrity and experiment durability It is the responsibility of the experimenter to perform this test if necessary Basic Procedure 1 The experiment should be placed on a solid surface with a clear area around the test area Page 33 BEXUS User Manual EvuroLAuncu The experiment should then be loaded with between 10 and 30 times the experiment s own weight depending on the structural design in a stable and secure manner Basic Procedure 2 An area should be cleared in which the experiment be safely dropped the persons carrying out the procedure should be wearing a sufficient level of safety gear The experiment should be dropped from a height of 1 3 metres onto a solid surface Afterwards the experiment should be checked for full functionality by system tests but a visual check is also important to see if any cabling or mechanisms have been affected 6 7 4 Bench Test All experiments should carry out a bench test of their experiment before transport The test should be carried out for a maximum duration mission 6 hours wait before launch 6 hour flight and possibly a wait time before recovery when appropriate This test should be carri
32. ions Officer handles the count down and is the focal point for all activities 9 4 4 Launch Officer The Launch Officer handles all personnel and equipment related to the launch He is also responsible for safety on the launch pad 9 4 5 Safety Officer The safety for third parties is the concern of the Safety Officer He authorises the Balloon Pilot to send commands to end the flight 9 4 6 Electronic Supervisor Handles all issues related to EBASS E Link and the RF interference test 9 4 7 Esrange Telemetry Station ETM The Esrange Telemetry Station ETM handles the receiving transmitting and recording equipment during preparations and launch 9 4 8 Balloon Pilot The Balloon Pilot handles the balloon piloting system and monitors the housekeeping data Page 45 BEXUS User Manual EvuroLAuncu 9 5 Count down and launch During the count down phase important count down information is displayed on PA video monitors at various locations around the launch site The nominal lift off time is planned for between 0500 and 2000 LT The launch window is determined by the payload preparation time hold requirements and the time of daylight The decision to start the count down is taken at a weather briefing immediately before the planned start of count down This decision is based on dedicated weather forecasts as well as wind data obtained by a meteorological balloon released from Esrange some minutes beforehand If the weathe
33. light Requirements Plan This is a document that is compiled by the EuroLaunch Project Management based on input and requests from all experimenters Without good information well before the campaign it might be impossible to fulfil a requirement such as the provision of gases special tools etc Our goal is to have a successful and enjoyable campaign with all teams and their experiments You are always welcome to contact us with any questions 2 1 Page 9 BEXUS User Manual EuroLauncn Definitions The BEXUS system consists of the following components according to the EuroLaunch definition BEXUS The complete integrated vehicle to perform the flight Ground Equipment BEXUS supporting systems on ground EBASS Balloon service system E Link Ethernet up amp downlink Esrange Facilities Equipment used to monitor and control the flight and telemetry receiving equipment Ground Support Equipment Equipment used to control and communicate with various modules during test and count down Balloon The parts of BEXUS giving the lifting force Payload Experiment modules and all subsystems Subsystems All systems required for flight control recovery and telemetry Experiment Gondola Experiment equipment and the carrier structure 2 2 References 1 2 3 4 5 6 ECSS Space project management Project planning and implementation ECSS M ST 10C ESA Publications Division 2008 http ecss nl forums e
34. ll as the loads that will be applied during the integration tests It is the experimenters responsibility to show that the structure and attachment of an experiment is strong enough This can be done by stress calculations or load tests Under no circumstances will there be a flight with an experiment that has a risk of falling off the gondola 6 1 2 Acceleration The design load used for the payload is 10 g vertically and 5 g horizontally Page 28 BEXUS User Manual EvuroLAuncu 6 2 Electric power A 28V 1A 1300 mA hrs battery power will be supplied to each experiment if needed The experiment must have a 4 Pin connector type MIL C 26482P series 1 placed on the outside of the structure housing Pin A Pin B do not connect to chassis or ground If the experimenter chooses to use some other electrical system or batteries it has to be discussed with the BEXUS project manager before the critical design review CDR 6 3 Interface Description for E Link Experiment Channels 6 3 1 Front panel connector E Link side The E link is a fully transparent connection between the ground based local user and the experiment This wireless data link can be used for bi directional purposes the same way as an LAN network connection with the experiment A RJ45 connection will be supplied by SSC for between the experiment and the E link system 6 3 2 Cable mating connector Experiment side A panel mounted connector f
35. odifications made to H W or S W after the Flight Simulation Test are restricted to a minimum Non conformances discovered during the test can of course be corrected but care must be taken to verify that no further malfunctions are induced by the correction Basic Procedure The experiment shall be integrated and in flight configuration The telemetry and telecommand checkout system or simulator shall be connected via the interface harness Experiment data shall be supervised and recorded during the test A nominal realistic count down and flight procedure shall be followed 8 7 RF interference test When all experiments are installed in the gondola a RF interference test is conducted The gondola is picked up by the launch vehicle and placed together with all other transmitting electrical hardware at the same distances as in a real flight A test with all electronic equipment as well as experiments operating in flight mode is then performed If an experiment is causing interference with EBASS or E Link it will not be granted permission to fly If there is interference between two experiments the problem will be discussed and a solution or compromise will be found After the RF test the gondola is sealed and there are no further changes possible to any experiment During count down there are very limited possibilities to fix any problem If there is no quick fix available the experiment may have to fly with limited functionality or in
36. ome time and should be done early in the design process Durability of your experiment During the pre flight tests and the count down the experiments will be turned on and off several times over the course of many hours and multiple days Make sure that there is enough battery memory etc to survive these activities in addition to that which is required for the flight Transmitters All equipment that emits RF must have Esrange permission to do so Radio Frequency interference test After the RF test it is not permitted to make any changes to the gondola or experiments before flight If you miss this test during the campaign preparation phase it may be necessary to remove your experiment or fly the gondola with your experiment turned off If your experiment disturbs any of the flight systems it will not be flown at all Weather constraints It is not possible to guarantee a launch during any specific week due to weather constraints Make sure that your experiment can be operated by Esrange staff in case the launch is postponed beyond the date when you have to leave Planning It is essential to have a build up plan and checklists for your experiment Without these there is a significant risk of failures and delays during the campaign week Safety on balloon pad No one is allowed on the balloon pad without the permission of the Operations Officer In the final 30 minutes before launch there is no more access to the experiments F
37. or preparations and the next five for possible launches Every morning there is a status meeting in one of the conference rooms where the upcoming activities are discussed 8 3 1 Overview of build up schedule A more detailed schedule will be issued closer to the campaign week Depending on how the preparation work progresses and the weather forecasts there might be changes during the campaign week itself Start of campaign Day 1 Safety briefing and general information Preparation of Experiment and Service Systems Day 1 2 RF interference Tests Flight Readiness Review Pre flight meeting Daily briefings and possible launches Day 3 7 Evaluation of data Post flight meeting Cleaning of workplaces Campaign dinner Figure 8 8 1 Schedule overview 8 4 Planning Experiment teams are strongly advised to think through all aspects of the experiment the build up all tests the launch and the flight phase With this input make a detailed plan of how to work who is doing what team member Esrange staff etc and how much time is needed to do all this A checklist is the key item to success even the smallest thing such as flipping a switch should be in the list Without good build up plans and checklists there 15 a significant risk of failures and delays during the campaign week of this should be documented in the SED 39 BEXUS User Manual EuroLauncn 85 Assembly of balloons and payloads
38. or the E link will be supplied by SSC This connector Amphenol RJF21B can be mounted to the front or side panel of the experiment The inside of the connector requires a standard RJ45 Ethernet connector Connector and drilling pattern are depicted below BA 527 33311 31 _ 2697 1 082 _ 26 97 11 0621 _ oas 139 928 58 1 125 827 311 075 0315 1 232 Figure 6 4 drilling pattern for the RJF21B connector source http datasheet octopart com RJF21B Amphenol datasheet 11361 pdf 29 BEXUS User Manual EuroLAuncu 64 Thermal Environment 6 4 1 Pre Launch Phase In normal conditions the preparation of the payload is done at a room temperature of approximately 20 59 After preparation the payload is transported to the launch pad The ambient temperature during the transport can be low down to 15 C depending on the outdoor temperature and the exposure time can be up to several hours 6 4 2 Count Down Phase Experience shows that during count down the experiment modules tend to see an increase in temperature over time especially if long holds are required Some actions can be taken at the launch pad to improve the situation however it is recommended that heat sensitive experiment modules or experiment modules that create high temperatures within the gondola should include temperature regulation in the experiment design 6 43 Flight phase The thermal environment of the flight may
39. r conditions are unsuitable for launching the vehicle the launch will be delayed until the flight conditions are fulfilled The general launch procedure may be subject to changes Be sure to design your experiment so it can handle not only the flight but also 3 hours of CD on internal batteries if used plus some possible holds it is possible that the CD including holds will last for 6 hours or more Experiment teams ground equipment will be situated in the Cathedral building transparent communication with the experiment is provided via a switch The schedule below indicates the standard count down actions relative to launch T 0 A final version of these actions is issued at the pre flight meeting Time h min Action 3 30 Decision meeting 3 25 Start pad preparations Start beacon amp transponder tests 3 00 Start E Link tests Start BEXUS preparation 1 50 Start check of EBASS equipment 1 10 BEXUS payload tests completed Go from experimenters T 1 08 OK from EBASS and E Link for unfolding of balloon T 0 40 Latest accesses to experiments T 0 30 Start of balloon inflation T 0 Lift off T 4 00 Command cut down followed by recovery BEXUS User Manual Page 46 EuroLlauncn 9 6 Radio discipline Please observe the following regarding radio communication Use functional names avoid personal names Use basic English Spell by analogy if necessary Use pro words below
40. rch 2007 46 Recovery The gondola will be picked up by helicopter for further transport by truck back to Esrange The payload is normally brought back to Esrange within a day or two after launch During the design phase experimenters should keep recovery accessibility in mind It is a good idea to create a recovery plan document for the helicopter crew early in the design process in order to avoid overlooking how this aspect will affect accessibility and other issues 20 BEXUS User Manual EuroLauncn Figure 4 8 Landing position of BEXUS 7 Page 21 BEXUS User Manual EvuroLAuncu 5 TELEMETRY SYSTEMS The two telemetry systems used are E Link and EBASS E Link is used by experimenters to transfer data to and from ground EBASS is used by Esrange for piloting and data taking EBASS is used only by Esrange unless there are extraordinary requirements from the experimenters 5 1 E Link telemetry system Esrange Airborne Data Link E Link is a telemetry system that offers a simplified use with a standard Ethernet protocol It is able to handle serial communication but this has to be agreed with the Electronic Supervisor The system can also handle other types of synchronous and asynchronous user interfaces 5 1 1 E Link System Overview The E Link system consists of a ground station and an airborne unit The ground station consists of an antenna an antenna controller and a Monitor amp Control Unit The airborne
41. rpetual motion machine 31 BEXUS User Manual EvuroLAuncu 6 6 2 Hercules impact Although relatively rare for experiments that protrude from the gondola it should be considered that an impact with the Hercules during the launch is a possibility Location on the gondola housings and materials can be selected to minimize a component failure in the case of a collision 6 6 3 Landing considerations Due to the unpredictable nature of the gondolas landings the experimenter should be prepared for a wide range of possible environmental influences Submersion of the experiments in water is possible if this will be an issue for the experimenters precautions should be taken During the landing organic matter and soil may become lodged in the experiments especially if they protrude beyond the gondola If the experiment protrudes beyond the gondola sacrificial joints or other contingency plans should be considered if it is foreseen that an impact could damage the experiment seriously Page 32 BEXUS User Manual EvuroLAuncu 6 7 Recommended Tests for Experimenters 6 7 1 Vacuum test This test is applicable not only for experiments which will take place under vacuum conditions but also helps to verify that systems mainly electrical have nominal performance in the absence of convective cooling It is the responsibility of the experimenter to perform this test if necessary Basic Procedure The experiment shall b
42. s recommended 10 4 Personnel Safety The BEXUS experiments and dedicated equipment must fulfil safety requirements according to Swedish law The Swedish Work Environment Act is a general act that is backed up by special laws and regulations in different fields The Swedish work environment authority issues these regulations Special provisions apply among others to the following fields Explosives Inflammable material Chemical hazards Electrical facilities Radiological work All the above mentioned laws and regulations are available at http www av se inenglish lawandjustice workact The experimenter shall state that the module fulfils the applicable requirements and establish a list of hazardous materials which shall be communicated to EuroLaunch no later than the MTR This information shall always accompany the experiment 10 5 Safety at Esrange Space Center The Safety Regulations that apply at Esrange may be found in the Esrange Space Center Safety Manual Ref 4 It is a requirement that all personnel participating in the campaign shall have read the safety regulation in Ref 5 prior to their arrival at Esrange Space Center Each team leader will have to sign a document to verify that all team members have been provided with a copy of the safety manual See Appendix B Page 51 BEXUS User Manual EvuroLAuncu 11 1 11 COORDINATE SYSTEM DEFINITION This chapter will give a short overview on the coordinate systems tha
43. see temperatures down to 90 Temperature Ozone Partial Pressure Ozone Mixing Ratio Temperature C 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 20 25000 20 30 5 A 40 e 20000 50 70 9 lt amp 2 4 5 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Ozone Partial Pressure mPa Figure 6 5 Temperature graph from 2004 10 18 Ozone sondes are available but not normally flown with BEXUS Page 30 BEXUS User Manual EvuroLAuncu 6 4 4 Post flight phase After the impact the payload will most likely be subjected to snow and cold air in the impact area for a period of typically one to two days The temperature during the season when BEXUS is launched is normally between 0 C and 15 C Experiments sensitive to low temperatures must be designed for these post flight conditions 6 5 Radio frequency constraints In general for every transmitter that will be used at SSC Esrange during a campaign information must be given to Esrange well in advance in order to receive permission to transmit RF At Esrange the reception of weak satellite signals might be jammed and special care must therefore be taken regarding when and how RF transmitting occurs It is also necessary to apply for frequency permission at the PTS Swedish Post and Telecom agency SSC Esrange can either apply on behalf of experimenters or give the information needed to perform such applications The information required in advance includes parameters
44. sibility exists that the experiment will be removed from the vehicle if it poses a danger Page 36 BEXUS User Manual EvuroLAuncu 7 PRE CAMPAIGN ACTIVITIES 7 1 Esrange Safety Board ESB Every campaign or project at Esrange has to be accepted by the Esrange Safety Board A standard balloon is normally no problem If there are hazardous items such as chemicals free falling objects lasers radiation etc included in the experiments there may be a need for further investigation This may take some time and should be done early in the design process well ahead of the start of the campaign 7 2 Flight Requirements Plan FRP The BEXUS Project Manager provides Esrange Space Center as well as all parties involved in the project with the Flight Requirements Plan This document gives a complete description of the specific project including payload information a list of hazardous materials experiment requirements on the launch operations tools required participants expected etc This is an important document used to inform all participants in the campaign The first version of the FRP will be distributed after the PDR training week Inputs are requested from every experiment team regarding interfaces telemetry power consumption and special experiment requirements 7 3 Payload Assembly and Integration The payload integration tests are performed at EuroLaunch premises and or premises leased by EuroLaunch Nominally these tes
45. ss than 22 km Therefore the difference between geodetic and geocentric latitude is 12 arcminutes 11 2 Local Tangential Coordinate System LTC The LTC system rotates with the Earth The E axis points to East the N axis points to the North and the Z axis is the zenith that is perpendicular to the tangential plane at the observation location usually Launcher This location is defined by the geodetic latitude and geodetic longitude North Pole East Figure 10 3 Local Tangent Coordinate System LTC Two observation angles define the position of the vehicle from the observation location The azimuth is measured clockwise around the observation location starting at North It varies between 0 and 360 and is calculated with following equation Page 54 BEXUS User Manual Eurolauncn se Sec Eq 10 4 north The Elevation amp is measured between the horizon and the vehicle position It varies between 90 and 90 and is calculated with the following equation arctan 10 5 J east rc north The transformation between azimuth and elevation to Cartesian LTC coordinates is done with following equation east sin J cos 8 north d cos B cose Eq 10 6 LTC q hire sin The distance d between the vehicle and the observation location is also called Slantrange BEXUS User Manual EuroLauncu APPENDIX A GONDOLA DRAWINGS Page 55 Figur
46. such as transmitting frequency radiated power bandwidth of signal antenna antenna pattern and modulation type The following frequencies are used in safety telemetry and recovery systems and are therefore not allowed for use by any experiment Table 6 1 Frequencies that are not allowed for use by any experiment 400 405 MHz 449 45 MBz 1025 1035 MHz 1089 1091 MHz Ch 2 14 in 2 4 GHz band 6 6 Durability 6 6 1 Power During the pre flight tests and the count down the experiments will be turned on and off several times Make sure that there is enough battery memory etc to survive these activities in addition to that which is required for the flight When considering the power budget the possible wait times when the experiment is turned on but can not be accessed should be taken into account most commonly testing and launch attempts Be prepared to have power supplies for 6 hours of testing sometimes it is possible to use external power supplies for these but not always this must be arranged with EuroLaunch by the CDR stage The launch attempts can last 6 hours or more before the launch Be prepared for possible aborted launch attempts as it is not uncommon to go through a countdown 2 or 3 times before a launch is achieved The experiment must either have a single power supply that can last through all of this use a rechargeable system have spare battery packs use cold fusion or take advantage of a pe
47. switched off mode 8 8 Flight Readiness Review FRR The Flight Readiness Review FRR is conducted by the EuroLaunch coordinator of the launch campaign after successful completion of the RF test and ground support stations checkout The purpose of the FRR is to authorise start of the count down phase In order to do this it is necessary to ensure that all experiments are ready for the flight For this each appointed experiment module manager team leader shall give a status report at the meeting In addition the PI is requested to state the operative status of the experiment to ensure that all ground and payload service systems essential for a successful launch flight and recovery are operating nominally For this each appointed system responsible shall give a status report at the meeting 6 to review the count down list Page 42 BEXUS User Manual EuroLAuncu to inform all relevant personnel of the safety regulations applicable during the count down phase to inform all relevant personnel of general arrangements implied during the count down phase 8 9 Pre flight meeting After a successful FRR meeting there will be a pre flight meeting The objective of this meeting is to verify that all flight hardware is ready Esrange stations are prepared and other flight conditions are in favour of a possible start of count down Page 43 BEXUS User Manual EvuroLAuncu 9 CAMPAIGN ACTIVITIES 9 1 Weather constraints
48. t are used for the BEXUS onboard sensors GPS and tracking systems Knowledge about the coordinate definition and transformations is important for the analysis of sensor data during the flight and for the post flight analysis The following table lists the used coordinate systems Table 11 1 Coordinate Systems ECEF Earth Centered Earth Fixed EGS84 World Geodetic System 1984 LTC Local Tangent Coordinate System The global reference system World Geodetic System 1984 WGS84 is used for the BEXUS GPS position data This system is based on the ECEF system The Local Tangent Coordinate System LTC is important for observation of the vehicle from Launcher Tracking or Radar Station Details are described in Ref 9 Earth Centered Earth Fixed ECEF If a geocentric coordinate system rotates with the Earth it results in Earth Centered Earth Fixed Coordinate System abbreviated as ECEF The main difference with this system is that the primary axis is always aligned with a particular meridian The xgcer Axis points toward the Greenwich Meridian which is defined as longitude 0 This coordinate system rotates with the Earth with the primary axis x always through the Greenwich Meridian The position of an object is defined with the geocentric Latitude which is measured positive North of the equator the Longitude 0 which is measured positive towards East from the Greenwich Meridian and the distance d from the Earth center
49. tenna type Antenna polarisation Antenna gain Maximum range 449 95 MHz FM 38 4 kbps Nominal 402 2 MHz Nominal 400 405 MHz FM 38 4 kbps 50 KHz 100 KHz 250 KHz and 500 KHz 100 Watt Helical Antenna RHCP 12 dBiC 550 km at 30 km float amp LOS 25 BEXUS User Manual EuroLauncu Figure 5 4 EBASS Ground System 5 2 3 Technical Specification of the Airborne Unit Figure 5 5 EBASS Airborne Unit Antenna type Cross Broadband Dipole Maximum range 550 km at 30 km float amp LOS Transmitting frequency 402 2 MHz Nominal 400 405 MHz Modulation FM Total data bandwidth 38 4 kbps Nominal Receiving frequency 449 95 MHz Modulation FM Total data bandwidth 38 4 kbps Nominal Output power 100 Watt Operation time with maximum battery configuration 40 hours Cut down system Two independent one is timer controlled Altitude control Valve and ballast release 26 BEXUS User Manual EuroLauncu 6 DESIGN CONSTRAINTS 6 4 Mechanical design It is a requirement that the experiment modules are made either gas tight or equipped with venting holes A configuration of an experiment gondola is shown below At the bottom bulkhead there is a rail with adjustable fixation points to fixate the experiments and other systems Distances between the rails are 375 mm in Egon and 370 mm in S Egon See drawing of rails and gondola in Appendix A and more gondola images in Appendix C 3D CAD Models
50. tion of Esrange Space Center siete e abe eoe dentia 37 82 Rm 37 8 2 1 Additional Esrange Safety Board meetings 37 8 3 Erme schedule 38 10 11 Page 5 8 3 1 Overview of build up schedules e oet 38 DL ENRICHED MN KE CR C E 38 8 5 Assembly of balloons and 39 8 5 1 Assembly of balloons c n E Ete s 39 8 5 2 Assembly and checkout of 39 mo 40 8 6 Flight Simulation Test ES D 41 S 41 8 8 Flight Readiness Review FRR 41 80 Pre theht meeting 42 CAMPAIGN ACTIVITIES irae se neuste ie 43 9 1 Weather Constraints tab tete 43 9 2 Balloon launch ose ro Maec en eo une one NOMEN 43 9 3 Safety on the balloon pad ihe qe tt e ppt beg btc ens 43 9 4 Personnel during the Taunclis eo oio 44 9 4 1 Esrange Project Manag Eun 44 9 4 2 44 943 Operations cet oe Tue ride 44 Qupd Uae MO DICERE a ede e ev ses
51. to minimize the risk of mis readings No horse play or bad language Minimize all radio traffic from 5M until 1M Table 9 1 Radio pro words and meaning Pro words Meaning Affirmative YES Negative NO Active Work commanded is in progress completion will be reported Break Break I must interrupt this conversation because of an urgent message Correction You have made a mistake You should have said or performed or I have made a mistake I should have said Disregard Disregard what I have just said It is not applicable or is in error Execute Carry out the instruction Go ahead I am on the net Proceed with your transmission I say again I am repeating the message for clarity Out I have completed this conversation Proceed Go ahead with your task I copy I received your last message satisfactorily and understand I copy Wilco I have received your message understand it and will comply Say again Repeat your last communication Speak slower You are talking too fast Standby I must pause for time or wait a few moments Verify Check status or correctness Roger Acknowledge your transmission Page 47 BEXUS User Manual EuroLaAuncu Table 9 2 Call sign during pad preparation Functional names Function in the balloon processes Operation Operations Officer Launch Officer Launch Officer on balloon pad Electronics Electron
52. ts start two weeks before the planned start of the launch campaign 7 3 4 Experiment Incoming Inspection experiment mechanical and electrical interfaces will be inspected upon delivery to the payload assembly and integration premises Page 37 BEXUS User Manual EvuroLAuncu 8 CAMPAIGN ACTIVITIES BEFORE START OF COUNT DOWN 8 1 Description of Esrange Space Center the necessary information for a user of Esrange can be found at www ssc se under Launch Services Its main content is Range description capabilities layout environment Range administration communications accommodation freight supplies Safety regulations Instrumentation telemetry tracking observation scientific Operations assembly checkout flight control recovery requirements procedures Satellite facilities 8 2 Safety Safety always comes first at Esrange Before the start of a campaign a safety briefing will be held It is mandatory for all visiting personnel to attend this briefing 8 2 1 Additional Esrange Safety Board meetings If a safety issues arise during a campaign there might be a need for extra Safety Board meetings before a launch is possible Page 38 BEXUS User Manual EvuroLAuncu 8 3 Time schedule The BEXUS launch campaign takes place over approximately 7 days This does not allow any time for errors or delays and it is important to be well prepared The first two days are used f
53. ute system the Esrange Balloon Service System EBASS the flight train Argos GPS and ATC Transponder AGT a radar reflector and an experiment gondola The total length of this system is up to 75 m Figure 4 1 Strobelight Flight Train Radar Reflector Figure 4 2 BEXUS Experiment Gondola Payload Gondola Figure 4 1 BEXUS Vehicle Figure 4 3 Hercules Launch Vehicle with Gondola 16 BEXUS User Manual EuroLauncu 42 Gondolas There are two different experiment gondolas available for the BEXUS programme Esrange gondola Egon is a medium sized gondola with dimensions of 1 5 mx 1 5 mx 1 0 m It is designed to carry experiment loads up to 200 kg Small Egon S Egon is small sized gondola with dimensions of 0 75 m x 0 75 m x 0 65 m It is designed to carry payloads up to 100 kg 43 Homing Aid The flight train and balloon envelope are equipped with separate ARGOS GPS receiver transmitters AGT from which the position information can be assessed by satellite both during the flight and after landing The GPS position is also transmitted via the telemetry stream through the EBASS system The recovery team in the helicopter can be equipped with a homing receiver in order to acquire the GPS position for a quick and easy way to locate the payload Both the balloon envelope and the payload are equipped with an air traffic transponder and altitude encoder to aid tracking 4
54. xperiments conform to all required electrical and mechanical interface specifications meets safety requirements and survives the flight EuroLaunch assists in all these issues where possible but the experimenters must keep in mind that ensuring the resolution of issues is their responsibility 3 4 Project Planning A detailed project plan and time schedule will be released by EuroLaunch as soon as possible after the selection workshop These will be regularly updated during the project At EuroLaunch the following key positions will be assigned for every project Project Manager Payload Manager Mechanical Design Responsible Electrical Design Responsible Telemetry TM and Telecommand TC Systems Responsible One person can have dual assignments Additional positions will be assigned during the campaign see chapter 8 5 3 5 Student Experiment Documentation SED The SED provides EuroLaunch and other stakeholders from SNSB ESA and DLR with all the important information on a particular experiment During the phases of experiment development production and flight the SED will be the main documentation for students to describe their experiment All documentation relating the requirements of this document can be found at the REXUS BEXUS teamsite 15 BEXUS User Manual EuroLauncu 4 BEXUS SYSTEM 41 BEXUS flight configuration The typical BEXUS configuration consists of a 12 000 m balloon a cutter a parach
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search