Troubleshooting Rubber Problems
Contents
1. Rubber 1 Title TS1890 5665 2013 678 3 dc23 2013031088 Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet ber lt http dnb d nb de gt abrufbar ISBN 978 1 56990 553 1 E Book ISBN 978 1 56990 554 8 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher Carl Hanser Verlag Munich 2013 Production Management Steffen J rg Cover art Courtesy of Freudenberg NOK Sealing technologies Coverconcept Marc M ller Bremer www rebranding de M nchen Coverdesign Stephan R nigk Printed and bound by K sel Krugzell Printed in Germany Preface The intent of this book is to compile and present a lifetime of experience involved in research and development in the rubber industry This experience resulted from employment at several rubber companies most notably 28 years in the research division at Gencorp in Akron This was followed by teaching rubber related semi nars at several universities and at the Rubber Division of the American Chemical Society I would like to acknowledge the help encouragement and support of my wife Nancy and also the help with computer related issues provi2. atada 93 3 19 6 Scorch Effects scs vet ac e es ac ne een 95 3197 SUN e Era beak an ya ea Eee PPS ren Krane Tate 95 3 20 Potential Mold Damage ss ran er er a ara 96 3 21 Thermal Considerations vese s es x vos avon arco varas var RRR RR N 07 322 Microwave AAA waa mac we dor Ee A HUNG Pee ae Oe OG 97 3 2 Dock mE reses ER era He es a ni near 98 3 24 Mold ON SEDUCTION sarao PR EE E EE RC Edu ci 98 E Ge E e era o PU es Ee E ee ae 99 2 20 MONI ea Ow a d or ee Ra ee oe ee EU UE ORO EN 99 327 uds cora roer an rae ead sane vane nes ae ee 100 SNAM DU NUI CU o en Ben a pana Dar naa Pr En EHRE 102 329 Tan WU un ee eee nent cave nern Hone Bar see test ce 102 3201 Car Pine C PRER m 102 3 29 2 ZN NEON was 4 aa ke bee E eee ER ee ea eae EE 103 9 20 9 Dimensional SEHR 2 55 32557999 dora EG EF ERTEKES ERE DET ES 104 Sa o o A o III 104 9 29 9 Compound FOW ix oor sa T4 REPRE TERRE A TUS EPLRESVESEEES ET S OE 105 3 29 60 Cold Transier MONOS econo rss pore cure Be eres 105 cw A Le ren ee TTT 106 9299 det errors ones ANDE sae Tos 4 een oa eee ees 106 5290 Transier Mold DOSIS gius erica seer Steaua 107 729 10 Par ons A 108 IX X Table of Contents 32 NR Planet MP 109 Del AZ Ol Wes ces bee eae opresores proa T TIO TIT OTT 109 DD Hille ei lan ala LE ee naaa rra ela 110 30 4 Injection Moldins Problems zu 04 404 u u0 100 2 e e wes 111 3 30 2 Injection Molding Machines 4 2529 484400 04 4004 4010 HR A KE 118 aal
3. 20 2 6 2 HNBR Hydrogenated Nitrile Huber 20 20 0 amp MIChlerePolyetivlene exasuweau waking dE o owe CE t o ee 21 2 6 5 CSM Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene 0 0 0 ccc eee eee 22 20 9 ACM Eihy T 2 ACT li acicate enema ees auf a 22 27 lastome ri DIEBUS ace von nee ner ame ern 22 2 9 as A e ee Eee ee 23 VIII Table of Contents 29 DEOIN asiaticas UI Be dre area ia ie denda ais 29 2 109 Crosslimkine System EMECIS 46049404 dere RO EE 29 GN NME lt e e 1 ee E ITem 27 mr ea a ee A 27 210 ee T arras EE EE EE ee ba 29 2 14 Plasticizers and Oils EE 30 210 o AA o II 31 249 1 Distolaration and alin 4 voceros Sora v daa PS Ex AES ETRAS 32 Gilet EE 34 PAA POMC EE eee EE ee er A oU e dra eg 36 2 18 Compound Properties 22 iux ox a 6 A OA arena ren 36 ZT a oe E ee ee E ee Er 37 POO O cee Ce ee ewe eee cae eee eae ees 41 221 Dow Viscosity T e S eura d a edem dera td ias 41 2 22 2 ICAO Rober e arpa a 43 222 ale EE 44 2 23 IIE A te E teen aos 45 224 PISTOLS scrape sine GU e e E ROI LET C 46 TSE Processes and Equipment ssue 55 eu UBI ee sore rca dE bere FG 55 Ikl e EE 55 3 1 2 Substrate Surface Treatments 0c e e eee ee eens 56 32 Meco INOICUICIIG error ood ar cee dene dd dU 98 3 2 1 Substrate Considerations e ae e e 3x cea e AE A 99 222 Adhesive Type 2er ec e d ee keine 60 Oyo ESOS Ar 64 OM i A 67 I NINE EE 68 Al MT
4. 27 2 Modular Integrated Robotized System 0 0 cee eee 166 4 27 3 Bridgestone Innovative and Rational Development 167 4 27 4 Modular Tire Manufacturing lt lt c oo o 167 4 27 5 Advanced Tire Operation Module eee 167 4 27 6 Automated Production Unit System oo 167 4 27 7 Integrated Manufacturing Precision Assembled Cellular Technology 167 1 27 09 EE 170 qM ADS 3ussd eaaet chee teas Perea d ped dea ewes cone dos 176 127 10 Vente Tire OMS uota celso hn dae one alee Sb TO bs PIER dls leas 178 ZI Oe lat Titan an ae IA 179 41 2712 5EM pneumatic TH CS urn 180 4 2210 Lire Agne dnas AM xai een cia aia ia RARO Pan RR Ee eg 181 d DT IO RENTE serra da rs e ae 182 A20 NOMO LOQUO esa ir de aw EE dias 182 4 28 1 General Design Considerations ausus 400 4 vane are 182 4 29 Bese DECIMOS gargs igs rro sea dE Ee ee 185 2 20 Partiquake IOS en ee SIE UR RES ee TAPPA IA ehe 186 Aal Expansion TORIS got ae ee oa Goh eo a ees eo Oe e e 187 AZ BAS sta 49 Sas a E E Ve ee E E 187 4 32 1 Automobile Sunroof Seals isses Rei 188 4 32 2 Radial Lip Seals EE EE 188 4 329 ORD DCIS sao raised 189 Xl XII Table of Contents 4 33 4 34 4 35 4 36 4 37 4 38 4 39 4 40 4 41 4 42 4 43 4 44 4 45 4 46 4 47 4 48 4 49 4 50 E c ern EE E a rra ed aa 189 4 32 5 Wine Bottle Corks 2 cee need nab ari d den ddp arra ios qi aer ever de 190 1320 Ca
5. D TTT 70 SS CET 71 lr t r c eg N EEE EIER 72 Oo COMANA DUI EE 73 Oey Se 2 sv eebe ek e ee ri e ee ea 73 3 9 1 Extrusion of Specific Types of Rubber en 76 3 9 1 1 Elastomerie Alloy EA sesuraio rss rasa ead P 76 SSC A 76 3913 licne TEE 76 3202 e lt n US da EE 17 AO 6 51 lt Er 9 RAI eg ke E a ee sesasas aeons 71 3022 DiesWell EE 77 Ow Die EE DEE de ee ge E ee sek 78 3 9 2 4 Extrudate Appearance 2 04 sus 000 avena ran 79 Table of Contents cw BOUNCY ebe sra EE E E da EE ee 80 3101 o EE 80 3102 BOTEN escritas de eee ee ee eee de eee ees 80 Ill Wale Pe 81 3 12 Naet Transen oc eee wae dees eee det in 81 949 LOSS STO oan te er ene ees eee renee eee eee es 81 3 14 Continuous EXTLUSION ausser unerkannt 82 DUIS Edo De EE 82 Ou Vacuum Eng Tt neuen ss cars EE sat bene se ee SEES 82 3192 Cavity lransfer Mixer CIM sane arten 82 3 15 3 Pin Barrel Extruder lt 2 lt secese d essen geek rasa 83 3 15 4 Boller Head Extruder aos 2244 20000000 EE ee DERIT 83 310 DIEB o aussen een ee ee een rer 83 317 eet Rer EE 86 318 Goar PUMPS rr ae xu cytes R EE EE Ae RR tne EE R EE 86 31 MONINE ee EE KES EEE ee eo ae NUR en se 87 oT Moldine Method A pica date ed ee ee C16 dno o eed 89 3 19 1 1 Compression Molding 0 cee eee ees 89 SEENEN 90 3 19 2 1 Four Post Presses 0 ccc ccc eee cece enna 90 9 19 5 MOD SIZE ee std cie 92 3194 Air TTapDINE cdas gat ete donde ri nee EE 92 ONDE lds errar daras pad
6. IOs EE 115 SUL e Materials e sag song oad ea rr 116 31 2 Mold Handle ert oe oo weed bose eke ed aaah eos 117 Joko DAVID Dis 21540440030 E13 EOUR CS DUO E OHERERO dre SANDER enews 117 Ole Mold eaS EE 117 Ola Healine Methols i eda vq drm e Re Rot PEOR ede dudes 118 AI NECI PERPE 119 531 0 Eder Eins E II 119 3 31 6 1 Core Pins and Bushings 322a das bx Bag E Ee AE Ae 120 ol LAOS A VO 120 IL NEON 0 02 Bee 122 Duel OPON EE essen e ee Serena TERY 123 od E EE ee Eh 124 On UCTS EN UU E ebenen 125 Oyo tel HORUM ER 125 9 91 2 Cold RUNG pta errar denen 126 32 99 Mold Do jet s ad veda e deckt seen ee dee ech 126 3 30 Gates and Ventine ronca race nieder ERE bad asia baa adore d d do 128 O07 OSL ACOs PP e EE 129 OD Poulmes dnd L euere A Aa erde 129 3308 1 Mold Fouline sre Tec brasa sietini Rome tudin Dn SEH Zeie OS 130 309 2 Mold Uleanme Methods EE 131 0290 0 A A IES 131 3 084 SAA 131 3 389 Mold Cleaning a udedongt a i dor donded d horto don S e ome dde do ad es 132 soma JM V 133 o2 Valenderinz Ee E rn cerco dace ROC IRR CARCER es 133 a A o Pr 134 9429 0 Kalenderine TACOS ad dad aod dO d dea wuts hen er d eebe daa 134 A een eee ow ened 135 S E eE e UI EEE canes 139 SPAM uic I ri AAA AA 139 4 TSE PLOQUO S von ee an a pesto ea en ea Puit UU ade 149 AA Product Considerations added ica 149 42 PMC OL DENE 22x50 radianes andanada in
7. John Sommer Troubleshooting Rubber Problems Sommer Troubleshooting Rubber Problems John Sommer Troubleshooting Rubber Problems HAN se Hanser Publishers Munich Hanser Publications Cincinna The Author John G Sommer 200 Laurel Lake Dr W314 Hudson OH 44236 Distributed in North and South America by Hanser Publications 6915 Valley Avenue Cincinnati Ohio 45244 3029 USA Fax 513 527 8801 Phone 513 527 8977 www hanserpublications com Distributed in all other countries by Carl Hanser Verlag Postfach 86 04 20 81631 M nchen Germany Fax 49 89 98 48 09 www hanser fachbuch de The use of general descriptive names trademarks etc in this publication even if the former are not especially identified is not to be taken as a sign that such names as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act may accordingly be used freely by anyone While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press neither the author nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made The publisher makes no warranty express or implied with respect to the material contained herein Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Sommer John G Troubleshooting rubber problems John Sommer pages cm ISBN 978 1 56990 553 1 hardcover ISBN 978 1 56990 554 8 e book 1 Rubber goods 2
8. cee RI IIR n 210 Wire and Cable CLoatng 2 2 ennnen nnne 212 Cellular Rubber nasse ad san nee PIE II ee ara 212 Hord Biber versende er rer data dee did trs 213 KOCKCEINSUIGUON 26443 343 49 radar NEE EEN 213 USRIMES aaa sen een 49 eei e Cdi Tuis 9 dad odor 214 EDEN Su out OVER os oo ae NEA PENNE RS HERPES MEER 214 lan P T P 215 DIN et cos eb ERA VEREOR SER ERRORES osito ST ESI 215 A A II 215 450 2 POL as sia dia dls dead dada 217 Table of Contents XIII Meo LI lg em 217 ASUA PPOCOSSIDB occus oue da dO E edd ended E ee RSS 217 450 5 Design Products and Applications omo 218 5 TPE Materials and Compounds sss 233 SNE br e Te e EE 233 Ow O 29922 e ee RE Ee Ee 234 5 2 1 TPV Thermoplastic Vulcanizate EE 234 5 2 2 SBC Styrenic Block Copolymer 24a rn dod a RR NR ada 234 5 2 3 SEBS Styrene Ethylene Butylene Styrene ge rrr RR 234 5 2 4 TPU Thermoplastic Polyurethane 222 26 aaron 239 5 2 5 TPO Thermoplastic Polyolefins raras ave ERU 235 9 20 COUPTOUDODESIBL xs estado a meom sado raspado ba s 236 OB E T 236 noo or vr 237 D 9 DEIVICE Tempera UTO recia qoa Heo Ond cipe oie rao eo ead dX UR ded 237 30 COI ate hae ee a EEE U ee ee ae a re a 237 30 AS 239 6 TPE Processes and Equipment e oo 243 On Imjection Meldine nr da ee tol dd hat died 243 6 1 1 Injection Molding Machines oo ooo oooooooom r rroso
9. ded by our son John I also acknowledge the information obtained from my students wherein the student became the teacher September 2013 John G Sommer Table of Contents dili M V 1 TSE and TPE Materials Compounds Processes and Products 1 1 1 A TDT 1 L2 Troubleshooting EE sirena ee ge CENE REFUS 1 Lo Aids to LEQUBIESNOCOANE 244 i a atm be errar pio a 2 14 Materials Process and Design Factors 14s te e 3o Rene 3 o a nn 4 LO Nal OC Rubber uou io dni EE il are 1 EK een ee ae AETHERE O 9 Lo Disclaimer mern ar ae ee ee 6 2 TSE Materials and Compounds 0 ccc cece 2 CN MR bie rte DEER 7 22 COSERECUCION casco srpds rada Cede cee ees cia ee eg 7 2 21 Compounds and Compounders esee 8 2 2 2 High Viscosity Elastomers and Compounds ee aee 9 ZI II 9 Zoek ERIDNEODIENE see sera here across 10 2 3 2 CSM Chloro Sulfonyl Polyethylene x22 22 dreist 11 2 3 3 JERECESODULE DID te ee A 11 2 3 4 EPDM Terpolymer of Ethylene Propylene and a Diene 11 2 3 5 SDR Styrene butadiene Rubber erica ER cae an 12 2 3 6 FKM Fluoro Rubber of the Polymethylene Type 13 2 3 7 Polyisoprene NR and IR errar des eines ideada e dea 14 2 4 Crystallization eR m hh 15 2 5 Crosslinking Factors xsd adn eo e up were ba aro AER 16 ZO Slicne Rubber 2 223 2 059025953 22293 292 152 50 der Pad CRI ed dd dr dq aed 17 2 6 1 NBR Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber 2 222 2 2 Ee rac n aon
10. e ra E a a a E daa mw as ia 2 9 7 12 Conductive SEDO ries oe doses bos Double dur eo dome d bebe oue dt acd robos adeb odes 276 UNES SS 276 Appendix l 270 EIERE csi T E aso rmt toa ied doa ir Rando AR T aa 279 Appendix ll cs ee ten pw os ew es re ee en ee 283 DSIBIHOIS 2559 sd A opor as desnatada ses esas dass 283
11. iciada 151 A esea R4 a sid 90 979 ao SE dera on ac dolor dde e dd dona d dau d ded n 151 Ae Belts EEE EEE TITRES 151 Tor Uber LINING sermacarearina rra nase tegen eae de a on Ina 193 Ao et us nera rai ao ai 522552 292 020 009 998 09 aa diana 153 Table of Contents Ad Sc go dedo aires re IR Ee 153 DB RUDDEr AUTOS eo seras oia dies 154 AD Cow Related Applications 4 4a d s s e e s P pic ao PRO s 154 4 10 Regenerative Brake Systems uod anex purcedoa 3 dot arkadi rU PH ate Reo 155 4 11 R bber Covered Horseshoes 5 t oracio ACERO CR CLERC E EUR e eir 155 4 32 AAPP No nea 155 A nn o ee er 155 4 14 Rubber Band Ligation 4 5 2 caia pana re oS pis 156 A A EAS 156 410 Floor Mati aran ia EE 156 Aly e tine bpd ardere baii iced dn oe wo ee ee wens oe eee ea 156 4 18 Stress Concentration cimas acte oxi Oe wan ned a ii aoe ordin es 159 4 19 ROONG euro habe ae et dad able aa ae 161 4 20 Finite Element Analysis ccc ccc cece eee m 9 hn 162 421 AIr ODIs creian inde S ePbTEBPSeSde Ass SE ESSA dU dS 162 4 22 Keyboard Springs 205429395952 o 1952 29359756 5355 dt d Saa e Seid dons ged 163 A T TP 163 4 24 Inflatable Dam sa ger ae 2934 9958 6 di d Sx e Sad Eno dnd ds 164 4 25 Inflatable Traffic Hump usa sehr AE TY hen en hauen 164 A260 Tenis Ball sosnormeatarta reads nasa RDA CINES SQ PRSE 164 A LCs PPP ET 164 4 27 1 Tire Manufacturing Systems cece cece esc esececeas 166 4
12. s 244 6 1 1 1 Specialized Machines and Techniques 247 6 1 2 Machine Operation ws ox sens ERREUR EAUX UE RON ECRIRE ER CRURA ROI A 248 Del De Mee tati bleed E 249 6 1 4 Barrel and Screw e che A eda so doni desde solute dos d eee ba 249 lr Je HOD BOE Losses eg aceto aio 251 6 1 6 Injection Pressure and Mold Packung 251 0 17 Clamp PERSSSUPDE oi nas at tada er eek rd 292 6 1 8 Nonret rn NV Venen tan nenne eier TR R tend 252 6 1 9 Mold Temperature and Cooling Time 2 4 u 253 OI TD A o TTT 254 GLIT MAd POU sure ae ne rede 299 AAA ee a ferita ne ew een EE 295 GLIS Mmeo Hoe Tel cartes saree ene ees eee pd EN E 299 Milos Mold Material TP 255 6 1 13 2 Mold Surface Treatments sa estais sopresa estada ewe ee 256 15 5 Mold MAIRtenanto 2 disaacd dud a deu o5 End doeE bead d ed es 256 Ol MSI DOSIS rey seen reset PR EU S IRE IE CPPREPFEEE 257 Wd un m 260 UL EE 263 631 JBXPRUSIODLBEqUIDIDOUE Aa dx he AE SORA ORE RUE ODER S 264 6 3 2 General Design Guidelines for Extrusion lt lt 266 XIV Table of Contents A et TEE 271 K DE dot e et eo te CEET 272 Pe OON SIONS sanar near aria pees nee teases arde pean seen e coa 272 GE POOL EE 2172 7 4 BOSIS e2smeesresreaqefsseidesesesusaqercseerBseTsessadeeseqsRs SCR PES 2783 7 3 Dell corras aaa aaa raras orar ies 213 DowMPR 4D ev 273 TO lt T re ee ee ee 274 Zu Ayo 274 Fae E ERC 274 ES DEE 275 PAW DOSIS ve a ee ee va re 219 Zl W e
13. sket Seals rs ee er dis ee 190 4 32 7 Aircraft Runway Seals vaa e e e ass 190 4328 TPU Seali ee ear ri de 190 nc dig APP 191 Windshield Wiper Blades uuu mak dato de XR ERR a ara 191 Proton MeTPC 192 ay Bole BUBDIBS Sassari aa 192 ESA nee ne ee ae ie nee 193 437 1 Serpentine Belts ga ee ansehen 194 4 37 2 Aircraft Recorder Belts usarse BEE Bow UU 194 Aoro DIU OTT 194 4 37 4 Conveyor Bells en ausm aan e ner ern daa 194 2 31 95 K tT EE 195 Mountings Bearings and Bushings lt lt lt 196 4 38 1 Engine Mounts evo nara Nor rare 198 Hose and TUDING venirse eras nee Se EE Teer 200 439 1 Selrsealine Fuel Cells au 2242 anidar E AC EROR Ew 202 4 0052 Ba OR MOSS een er nee een 202 WR rE EE 204 4 39 4 Turbocharger Hose ge A Bere 204 2 2359 Rei IA teen e ter acu basado pas ads rado pas dios 205 2 90 Heding HOSE 22 zu aa aan er 3 82 00 07653 are 4353 iaa E 205 2 007 Wiake lt T ua vaa II EEE 206 4 39 8 Power Steering Hose cece cece cece cece hh hn 206 437 0 Ee DCCC way cea ade Oo ohne In 207 4 39 10 Hose Manufacture 0 0 ccc eee re 207 AL bk Hose PAUSE EP 208 4 39 12 Hose Abrasion a dace d disce Kay NEE o Oe oO X ace eee a 208 Z9 e HOSO Vre a Z e KE arar 208 4 39 14 Hose Identification Technology 209 Expansion Joints P EEN 209 i07 NS O en ee aa ea en ek ee ee ren 209 Rubber Covered Rolls ccc
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