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1. 26 Appendix B Latitude Chart 28 Appendix C Polar Alignment 30 Adjusting the polar viewfinder 30 Polar alignment by using the polar viewfinder Exos 2 only 30 Appendix D Basic astronomy 32 Appendix E Star maps 37 All Bresser telescopes and accessories are under constant technical advancement Slight changes of the product specifications which serve the improvement of the product are reserved for this reason No part of this manual may be reproduced sent transferred or be translated into another language in any form without written permission of the Meade Instruments Europe GmbH amp CO KG Errors and technical changes excepted Please keep this guidance at hand for further looking up The name Bresser and the Bresser Logo are registered trademarks Messier is a trademark of the Meade Instruments Europe GmbH amp Co KG 2013 Meade Instruments Europe GmbH amp Co KG Germany B BRESSER MESSIER Q Which eyepiece is suitable for which application See p 16 choosing an eyepiece How do I adjust the finder scope See p 14 How do I mount the viewfin der See p 10 9 9a D Want to learn more about mounti
2. 8 Assembling Exos 2 Telescope Assembly 11 How to Assemble Your Telescope 11 First Steps Balancing the Telescope 13 Aligning the Viewfinder 14 Choosing an Eyepiece 16 Glec aui e a S 17 Observing by Moving the Telescope Manually 17 Observe the Moon 17 Setting the Polar Home Position 18 NAIM ANG uuu a usa TO E 19 Maintenance guidelines 19 Alignment Collimation of the Newtonian Optical System 20 IMPORTANT NOTE INDEX Chapter Page inspecting THES OPCS RT 21 Customer Service 22 Technical Data AR 102 AR 127 S L und AR 152 S L 23 Technical Data NT 150 S L NT 203 AR 90 und NT 130 22 Appendix A Celestial coordinates 25 Locating the Celestial Pole 26 Selling 6 es uuu S 26 To use the setting circles to locate an object not easily found by direct visual observation
3. Open Clusters are loose groupings of young stars all recently formed from the same diffuse nebula The Pleiades is an open cluster 410 light years away Fig 46 Through the Messier Series numerous stars are visible 33 Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye B BRESSER MESSIER Difficult to imagine stellar distances Learn more on p 36 Fig 46 The Pleiades M45 is one of the most beautiful open clusters APPENDIX D Basic ASTRONOMY Constellations are large imaginary patterns of stars believed by ancient civ ilizations to be the celestial equivalent of objects animals people or gods These patterns are too large to be seen through a telescope To learn the constellations start with an easy grouping of stars such as the Big Dipper in Ursa Major Then use a star chart to explore across the sky Galaxies are large assemblies of stars nebulae and star clusters that are bound by gravity The most common shape is spiral such as our own Milky Way but galaxies can also be elliptical or even irregular blobs The Andromeda Galaxy M31 is the closest spiral type galaxy to our own This galaxy appears fuzzy and cigar shaped It is 2 2 million light years away in the constellation Andromeda located between the large W of Cassiopeia and the great square of Pegasus A road map to the stars The night sky is full of wonders and miracles Feel free to discover the universe
4. You just need to follow a few helping lines on the road map to the stars First find the Big Dipper which is part of the Ursa Major constellation It can be found the whole year through quite easily in Europe and Northern America If you draw a line on the sky which prolongs Big Dipper s handle back wards you ll finally reach the constellation of Orion It is remarkable by the Orion Belt three stars in a line The great Orion Nebula is located south of the Orion Belt It is one of the most popular objects under amateur astrono mers Starting at the two pointer stars both stars of the back part of Big Dipper draw a five times prolonged line north to the pole star If you go ahead you ll finally reach the big star square that is shared by Pegasus and Andromeda The summer triangle is a remarkable region left of Big Dipper s handle It consists of the three bright stars Vega Deneb and Altair If you prolong the shaft you get to the constellation of Scorpio It is bended like a Scorpion s tail it also looks like the letter J American amateurs performed the words Arc to Arcturus and spike to Spica They relate to stellar region that lies in the prolonge area of Big Dipper s handle Follow the arc to Arcturus the northern hemisphere s brightest star and spike downwards to Spica the 16th brightest Star of the Sky Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye 34 B BRESS
5. secure the eyepiece AR models Abb 10b Lift to remove the dust cap from the eyepiece holder on the focuser assembly Set the dust cap aside in a safe place and replace it when you have finished observing to protect the eyepiece assembly Back off the eyepiece thumbscrews 1 Fig 1b and slide the diagonal prism into the holder and tighten the thumbscrews to a firm feel only Insert the supplied 25mm eyepiece 3 Fig 1b into the the diagonal prism Tighten the prism s thumbscrews to a firm feel to secure the eyepiece Fig 9b Viewfinder assembly Slide bracket into slot Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye 12 B BRESSER MESSIER Ti Thumbscrew Fig 10a Insert eyepiece intor holder and tighten thumbscrews Fig 10b Insert eyepiece into diagonal prism and tighten thumbscrews Leg lock knob Fig 11 Adjust the tripod height using the leg lock knobs First STEPS NOTE Two eyepiece holders are included with your EXOS2 NT telescope for both 1 25 and 2 eyepieces To change eyepiece holders unscrew the attached holder from the focuser and thread on the other holder 11 Adjust the height of the tripod Adjust the height of the tripod by loosening the tripod lock knobs Fig 11 Extend the sliding inner section of each tripod leg to the desired length then tighten each knob Adjust the tripod to a height that is comfortable for viewing Gettin
6. Pluto Distance to Distance to Distance to Distance to Distance to Distance to the sun 1 52 AU the sun 5 20 AU the sun 9 54 AU the sun 19 2 AU the sun 30 1 AU the sun 24 6 AU to 52 6 AU Distance between Stars The distance between our Sun and the nearest star is about 4 3 light years or etwa 40 Billion km This distance is so enormeous that in a model where our Earth is 25 mm 1 inch distant from the sun the distance to the next star would be 6 5 km 4 mi Sun Alpha Centauri A B Distance 4 3 light years to the next star Earth Distance to the sun 1 00 AU Our home galaxy the Milky Way inhabits round about 100 000 000 000 stars With its spiral arms it has a diameter of about 100 000 light years Distances between galaxies Our Milky Way Andromeda Galaxy M31 Whirlpool Galaxy M51 Our sun 2 25 Mio light years rixa c 35 Mio light years Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye 36 B BRESSER MESSIER Winter e Castor Mi La e Capella Alamak Algol Mirach n Beteigeuze T alas p Bellatrix Fig 50 Sky view Beginning of January ca 22 h Facing south S Aldebaran 6 wa S I rstern MU Fig 50a Sky view in winter Beginning of January ca 22 h facing north N n oz y APPENDIX E STAR MAPS Scheat Alpheratz Markab vd Algenib ac 37 Looking at or near the Sun will cause insta
7. a german equatorial mount is limited within its movements 8 Tighten the RA wedging again and set the telescope to its polar home position Note Don t forget to switch off the reticle illuminatin after use 31 Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye B BRESSER MESSIER i ER TC NETS B S Fig 42 The moon Note the deep shadows in the craters Fig 43 The giant planet Jupiter The four largest moons can be observed in a different position every night Fig 43a Jupiter here in a higher magnification Note the detailed cloud structures APPENDIX D Basic ASTRONOMY Appendix D Basic astronomy In the early 17th century Italian Scientist Galileo using a telescope smaller than your Messier turned it skyward instead of looking at the distant trees and mountains What he saw and what he realized about what he saw has forever changed the way mankind thinks about the universe Imagine what it must have been like being the first human to see moons revolve around the planet Jupiter or to see the changing phases of Venus Because of his observations Galileo correctly realized Earth s movement and posi tion around the Sun and in doing so gave birth to modern astronomy Yet Galileo s telescope was so crude he could not clearly make out the rings of Saturn Galileo s discoveries laid the foundation for understanding the motion and nature of the planets stars and
8. galaxies Building on his foundation Henrietta Leavitt determined how to measure the distance to stars Edwin Hubble gave us a glimpse into the possible origin of the universe Albert Einstein unraveled the crucial relationship of time and light and 21st century astronomers are currently discovering planets around stars outside our solar system Almost daily using sophisticated successors to Galileo s telescope such as the Hubble Space Telescope and the Chandra X Ray Telescope more and more mysteries of the universe are being probed and understood We are living in the golden age of astronomy Unlike other Sciences astronomy welcomes contributions from amateurs Much of the knowledge we have on subjects such as comets meteor showers double and variable stars the Moon and our solar system comes from observations made by amateur astronomers So as you look through your Bresser Messier Series telescope keep in mind Galileo To him a telescope was not merely a machine made of glass and metal but something far more a win dow of incredible discovery Each glimpse offers a potential secret waiting to be revealed Objects in Space Listed below are some of the many astronomical objects that can be seen with your Messer series telescope The Moon The Moon is on average a distance of 239 000 miles 380 000km from Earth and is best observed during its crescent or half phase when Sunlight strikes the Moon s surface at an angle It casts
9. late 1960 s and early 1970 s However no telescope on Earth is able to see these foot prints or any other artifacts In fact the smallest lunar features that may be seen with the largest telescope on Earth are about one half mile across Planets Planets change positions in the sky as they orbit around the Sun To locate the planets on a given day or month consult a monthly astronomy magazine such as Sky and Telescope or Astronomy Listed below are the best planets for viewing through the Messier Series Venus is about nine tenths the diameter of Earth As Venus orbits the Sun Observers can see it go through phases crescent half and full much like those of the Moon The disk of Venus appears white as Sunlight is reflected off the thick cloud cover that completely obscures any surface detail Mars is about half the diameter of Earth and appears through the telescope as a tiny reddish orange disk It may be possible to see a hint of white at one of the planet s Polar ice caps Approximately every two years when Mars is closest to Earth in its orbit additional detail and coloring on the planet s surface may be visible Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system and is eleven times the diameter of Earth The planet appears as a disk with dark lines stretch ing across the surface Fig 43 These lines are cloud bands in the atmosphere Four of Jupiter s moons lo Europa Ganymede and Callisto can be seen as star like
10. shadows and adds a sense of depth to the view Fig 50 No shadows are seen during a full Moon causing the overly bright Moon to appear flat and rather uninteresting through the telescope Be sure to use a neutral Moon filter when observing the Moon Not only does it protect your eyes from the bright glare of the Moon but it also helps enhance contrast providing a more dramatic image Using your Messier Series telescope brilliant detail can be observed on the Moon including hundreds of lunar craters and maria described below Craters are round meteor impact sites covering most of the Moon s surface With no atmosphere on the Moon no weather conditions exist so the only erosive force is meteor strikes Under these conditions lunar craters can last for millions of years Maria plural for mare are smooth dark areas scattered across the lunar surface These dark areas are large ancient impact basins that were filled with lava from the interior of the Moon by the depth and force of a meteor or comet impact Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye 32 B BRESSER MESSIER Fig 44 Saturn with its ring system Fig 44a Saturn in a higher magnification It has the most extensive ring structure in our Solar System Fig 45 A favourite Winter object M42 the great Orion Nebula APPENDIX D Basic ASTRONOMY Twelve Apollo astronauts left their bootprints on the Moon in the
11. the accessory plate are tautened illustration 3 3 Fastening the spacing plate in place To fasten the central screw illustra tion 4 A on the tripod first screw the tensioning screw illustration 4 B on This can be screwed right down as it serves to clamp the spacing plate against the tripod legs You can now insert the plate illustration 4 C from above on the central screw Make sure the plate bars illustra tion 4 D show downwards Caution It s important the following step is applied to prevent thread damage To prevent the threaded rod illustra tion 4 E being screwed into the mount too far use the gapping washer illustration 4 F supplied Insert it from above on the threaded rod so that the wider chamfered side shows downwards The spacing ring must be on the threaded rod step Now push the threaded rod from below through the tripod base and slide the c clip illustration 4a A on the recess illustration 4a B in the threaded rod 4b Fastening the mount on the tripod top Place the mounting on the tri pod top Make sure the projection on the tripod is between the azimuth adjustment screws illustration 5 To do so first loosen the azimuth screws sufficiently to allow space for the projection Place the mounting on the tripod top in such a way that the projecting cylinder on the base fits into the hole in the tripod base centre and fasten it in place using the central screw Tighten the screw hand tight 5 Fasteni
12. the dial located on the mount The pointer is not fixed it moves as the mount moves Determine the latitude of your observing location See APPENDIX B Cradle LATITUDE CHART page 28 29 for a list of latitudes or check an atlas Move assembly set the latitude T handle screws in order to move the mount until the pointer points to your latitude The two T handle screws EXOS 2 only work in a push pull operation as you tighten one loosen the other When the point er points at your latitude tighten both screws until they make contact with the mount The EXOS 1 has on screw with similar operation E At your observing site set up the telescope assembly so that this leg approxi Fig 7 Mounting the cradle assembly mately faces North or South in the Southern Hemisphere to the mount shaft EXOS2 7 Attach the cradle assembly to the mount Models R and N Remove the opti cal tube from the cradle and slide the cradle assembly 11 Fig 1a onto the cradle mounting slot See Fig 7 The rounded base of the cradle assembly fits into the rounded portion of the mounting slot Tighten both the cradle locking knob and the secondary locking knob to a firm feel 8 Position optical tube Models AR and NT Unscrew the cradle ring lock knobs 13 Fig 1a and open the cradle rings While firmly holding the optical tube 10 Fig 1a position it onto the cradle rings 14 Fig 1a with the mid point of the optical tube s l
13. the image formed by the telescope s main optics Each eyepiece has a focal length expressed in millimeters or mm The smaller the focal length the higher the magnification For example an eyepiece with a focal length of 9mm has a higher magnification than an eye piece with a focal length of 25mm Low power magnification eyepieces offer a wide field of view bright high contrast images and relief of eye strain dur ing long observing sessions To observe an object with a telescope always start with a low power eyepiece such as the 25mm supplied with your tel escope When the object is centered and focused in the eyepiece switch to a higher power eyepiece to enlarge the image as much as practical for prevailing viewing conditions Once centered an object can be focused by turning one of the knobs of the focusing mechanism 8 Fig 1b Notice that when observing astronomical objects the field of view begins to slowly drift across the eyepiece field This motion is caused by the rotation of the Earth on its axis Objects appear to move through the field more rapidly at higher pow ers This can be compensated with the RA drive shaft or the optional RA drive motor Observe the Moon Point your telescope at the Moon note that the Moon is not visible every night The Moon contains many interesting features including craters mountain ranges and fault lines The best time to view the Moon is dur ing its crescent or half phase Su
14. 127 mm 635 mm or 1200 mm f 5 or f 9 5 0 9 arc sec multi coated Aluminium GuB German type equatorial flexible shafts 250x adjustable steel tube field tripod 20 2 kg or 21 kg AR 152 S L Achromatic refractor with EXOS2 item number Optical design Clear aperture Focal length Focal ratio Resolving power Coatings Mount MON2 RA DEC drive system Max practicle power Tripod Net weight 47 52768 47 52128 achromatic refractor 6 152 mm 760 mm or 1200mm f 5 or 1 7 8 0 75 arc sec multi coated Aluminium GuB German type equatorial flexible shafts 300x adjustable steel tube field tripod 24 6 kg or 24 8kg 23 Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye B BRESSER TECHNICAL DATA MESSIER NT 150 S L Newtonian reflector with EXOS 2 item number 47 50758 47 50128 Optical design Newtonian reflector Clear aperture 6 150 mm Focal length 750mm 1200 mm Focal ratio f 5 or f 8 Resolving power 0 76 arc sec Mount EXOS2 Aluminium GuB German type equatorial RA DEC drive system flexible shafts Max practical power 300x Tripod adjustable steel tube field tripod Net weight 20 8 or 22 45 kg NT 203 Newtonian Reflector with EXOS2 item number 47 03108 Optical design Newtonian reflector Clear aperture 8 203 mm Focal length 1000 mm Focal ratio f 5 Resolving power 0 56 arc sec Mount EXOS2 Aluminium GuB German type equatorial RA DEC drive system flexi
15. ANCE AND SERVICE Maintenance Messier series telescopes are precision optical instruments designed to yield a lifetime of rewarding applications Given the care and respect due any precision instrument your Messier will rarely if ever require factory servicing Maintenance guidelines include a Avoid cleaning the telescope s optics A little dust on the front surface of the telescope s correcting lens causes virtually no degradation of image quality and should not be considered reason to clean the lens When absolutely necessary dust on the front lens should be removed with gentle strokes of a camel hair brush or blown off with an ear syringe available at any pharmacy DO NOT use a commercial photographic lens cleaner Organic materials e g fingerprints on the front lens may be removed with a solution of 3 parts distilled water to 1 part isopropyl alcohol You may also add 1 drop of biodegradable dishwashing soap per pint of solution Use soft white facial tissues and make short gentle strokes Change tissues often Caution Do not use scented or lotioned tissues or damage could result to the optics d If the telescope is used outdoors on a humid night water condensa tion on the telescope surfaces will probably result While such con densation does not normally cause any damage to the telescope it is recommended that the entire telescope be wiped down with a dry cloth before the telescope is packed a
16. EJ BRESSER MESSIER Operating Instructions Ws AR 90 AR 102 AR 127S L AR 152S L NT 130 NT 150S L NT 203 B BRESSER GENERAL INFORMATIONS TELESCOPE FEATURES MESSIER Achromatic Refractor Newton Reflectortelescope Technical Data Page 23 Fig 1c The Exos2 Tripod B BRESSER GENERAL NFORMATIONS TELESCOPE FEATURES MESSIER Fig 1d top The Messier series mount EXOS2 Fig 1d left The Messier series mount EXOS1 Explanations of the points see page 5 ff WARNING Never use a Messier Series Telescope to look at the Sun Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye Eye damage is often painless so there is no warning to the observer that damage has occurred until it is too late Do not point the telescope or its viewfinder at or near the Sun Do not look through the telescope or its view finder as it is moving Children should always have adult supervision while observing 3 Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye B BRESSER MESSIER Chapter Page Messier series Your personal window to the universe 5 Description of the features 5 Assembling Exos 1 Telescope Assembly 8 How to Assemble Your Telescope
17. ER MESSIER Fig 47 The Andromeda Galaxy M31 the biggest one in our local group Messier Tipps Star Charts Star charts and planisphere are very useful tools and are great aids in plan ning a night of celestial viewing A wide variety of star charts are avail able in books in magazines on the internet and on CD Roms For all Messier telscopes the star chart soft ware Cartes du Ciel is included with your purchase Andromeda APPENDIX D Basic ASTRONOMY Rigel e zl Orion Beteigeuze Gemini Pollux ia ee Castor Pegasus eos Secula V lt b e Regulus Deneb _ Leo Cygnus j yg Ursa Maior wa 4 B ootes Atair Lyra e Arcturus Aquila Virgo Spica ka Antares e L Scorpius 25 Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye B BRESSER APPENDIX D Basic ASTRONOMY MESSIER Distances in space Distance between Earth and Moon e 383 000 km 240 000 mi Earth Moon Diameter 12 664 km Diameter 3 456 km Distance between Planets Sun The distance between the Sun and our Earth is 150 000 000 km 93 750 000 mi or 1 AU Astronomical unit Mercury Venus Earth Mars Distance to the sun 0 39 AU Distance to the sun 0 72 AU Distance to the sun 1 00 AU Distance to the sun 1 52 AU Pluto has a very excentric orbit that brings him sometimes inside the orbit of Neptune Mercury Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptun
18. a Type II supernova What is the importance of studying the composition of comets Where do comets come from How old is our Sun Will our Sun evolve into a planetary nebula or go supernova What is the Inflationary Big Bang What is dark matter What are MACHO s How are extrasolar planets discovered What is an accretion or protoplanetary disk What are the differences between elliptical spiral and irregular galaxies Can globular clusters be older than the universe itself Books The Guide to Amateur Astronomy by Jack Newton and Philip Teece The Sky A User s Guide by David Levy Turn Left at Orion by Guy Consolmagno amp Dan Davis Astrophotography for the Amateur by Michael Covington Observing for the Fun of It by Melanie Melton Will Black Holes Devour the Universe and 100 Other Questions about Astronomy by Melanie Melton Magazines 1 Sky amp Telescope Box 9111 Belmont MA 02178 2 Astronomy Box 1612 Waukesha WI 53187 Organizations Astronomical League Executive Secretary 5675 Real del Norte Las Cruces N 88012 The Astronomical Society of the Pacific 390 Ashton Ave San Francisco CA 94112 The Planetary Society 65 North Catalina Ave Pasadena CA 91106 First STEPS B BRESSER MESSIER Fig 15a b Jupiter examples of the right amount of magnification and too much magnification Note Seeing conditions vary widely from night tonight and site to site Turbulence in the air even on an apparentl
19. an b Merak Fig 53a Sky view in autumn Beginning of October ca 22 h facing north N 40 B BRESSER MESSIER B BRESSER MESSIER B BRESSER MESSIER peideoxe seDueuo eoiuuoa pue S1043 OY OO 3 HgUo edoun3 sjueuinuisu opeo N eu JO uoissiuJed USM noui uuo Aue u eDenBue Jeujoue ozu pere sueJ eq JO peJiejsue Juas peonpoudaiJ eq Aew jenueui siu jo Wed ON adong sjueuinujsu epeelN LOZ B BRESSER Meade Instruments Europe GmbH amp Co KG GutenbergstraBe 2 DE 46414 Rhede Telefon 0 28 72 80 74 0 service apd bresser de www bresser de ANLMESSIERGB1212BRESSER
20. any 52 N Bern Switzerland 47 N Bonn Germany 50 N Borken Westi Germany 52 N Bremen Germany 53 N Dresden Germany 51 N Dublin Ireland 53 N D sseldorf Germany 51 N Frankfurt M Germany 50 N Freiburg Germany 48 N Glasgow Scotland 56 N Hamburg Germany 54 N Hannover Germany 52 N Helsinki Finland 60 N Kopenhagen Denmark 56 N K ln Germany 51 N Leipzig Germany 51 N Lissabon Portugal 39 N London Great Britain 51 N Madrid Spanien 40 N M nchen Germany 48 N N rnberg Germany 50 N Oslo Norway 60 N Paris France 49 N Rom Italy 42 N Saarbr cken Germany 49 N Stockholm Schweden 59 N Stuttgart Germany 49 N Wien Austria 48 N Warschau Poland 52 N 28 B BRESSER 29 MESSIER City Albuquerque Anchorage Atlanta Boston Chicago Cleveland Dallas Denver Detroit Honolulu Jackson Kansas City Las Vegas Little Rock Los Angeles Miami Milwaukee Nashville New Orleans New York Oklahoma City Philadelphia Phoenix Portland Richmond Salt Lake City San Antonio San Diego San Francisco Seattle Washington Wichita City Asuncion Brasilia Buenos Aires Montevideo Santiago City Peking Seoul Taipei Tokio Victoria City Kairo Cape city Rabat Tunis Windhoek APPENDIX B LATITUDE CHART UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Country New Mexico Alaska Georgia Massachusetts Illinois Ohio Texas Colorado Michigan Hawaii Mississippi Missouri Nevada Arkansas Kalifor
21. artment In the improbable case of a malfunction please contact first the Bresser customer service before sending back the telescope Please give complete error descriptions and specific information about the defective part The great majority of servicing issues can be resolved by telephone avoiding return of the telescope to the factory In any case we need name address phone number and or email address of the customer Contact data Post Meade Instruments Europe GmbH amp Co KG Messier Kunden Service GutenbergstraBe 2 DE 46414 Rhede E Mail service apd meade de Telefon 49 0 28 72 80 740 Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye 22 B BRESSER MESSIER TECHNICAL DATA AR 102 Achromatic refractor with EXOS 2 item number Optical design Clear aperture Focal length Focal ratio Resolving power Coatings Mount EXOS2 RA DEC drive system Max practicle power Tripod Net weight 47 02108 achromatic refractor 4 102 mm 1000 mm 1 10 1 11 arc sec multi coated Aluminium GuB German type equatorial flexible shafts 200x adjustable steel tube field tripod 18 1 kg AR 127 S L Achromatic refractor with EXOS2 item number Optical design Clear aperture Focal length Focal ratio Resolving power Coatings Mount EXOS2 RA DEC drive system Max practicle power Tripod Net weight 47 27638 47 27128 achromatic refractor 5
22. ate Polaris the North Star if necessary to use as an accurate reference for due North or Octantis in the Southern Hemisphere See LOCATING THE CELESTIAL POLE page 26 If you have not already done so determine the latitude of your observ ing location See APPENDIX C LATITUDE CHART page 30 31 for a list of latitudes of major cities around the world Use the latitude T handle screws 26 Fig 1d to tilt the telescope mount so that the pointer indicates the correct latitude of your viewing location on the latitude dial 28 Fig 1d See step 6 page 12 for more information I steps 1 through 4 above were performed with reasonable accuracy your telescope is now sufficiently well aligned to Polaris the North Star for you to begin making observations Once the mount has been placed in the polar home position as described above the latitude angle need not be adjusted again unless you move to a different geographical location i e a different latitude IMPORTANT NOTE For almost all astronomical observing requirements approximate settings of the telescope s latitude and other settings are acceptable Do not allow undue attention to precise settings of polar home position of the telescope to interfere with your basic enjoyment of the instrument Fig 16b The polar home position front view Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye 18 B BRESSER 19 MESSIER MAINTEN
23. ble shafts Max practical power 400x Tripod adjustable steel tube field tripod Net weight 25 1 kg AR 90 Achromatic Refractor with EXOS 1 item number 47 90907 Optical design achromatic refractor Clear aperture 3 5 90 mm Focal length 900 mm Focal ratio f 10 Resolving power 1 27 arc sec Coatings multi coated Mount EXOS1 Aluminium GuB German type equatorial RA und DEC Antriebssystem ber flexible Wellen Max practical power 180x Tripod adjustable steel tube field tripod Net weight 12 25 kg NT 130 Newtonian Reflector with EXOS 1 item number 47 30107 Optical design Newtonian refelctor Clear aperture 5 1 130 mm Focal length 1000 mm Focal ratio f 7 7 Resolving power 0 88 arc sec Mount EXOS1 Aluminium GuB German type equatorial RA DEC drive system flexible shafts Max practical power 260x Tripod adjustable steel tube field tripod Net weight 17 3 kg Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye 24 B BRESSER MESSIER Northern celestial pole near Polaris South celestial pole Fig 33 Celestial sohere APPENDIX A CELESTIAL COORDINATES Appendix A Celestial coordinates For a sufficient tracking of an celestial object the telescope mount has to be aligned with the celestial pole By doing this the mount s axes are orientated in this way that they fit to the celesial sphere If you want to align the telescope s mount to the celestial pole you need so
24. bout the Dec axis Loosen the cradle ring lock knobs 13 Fig 1a so that the main tube slides eas ily back and forth in the cradle rings Move the main tube in the cradle 13 Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye Optional accessory for Exos 2 B BRESSER MESSIER y Isolation pad Typ 2x LR 44 j u Hi Fig 13a Reticle LED assembly A Reticle container B LED C Batteries D Battery holder E Threaded lid F F On off switch Fig 13b Before using the illumi nation for the first time remove the isolation pad See Fig 13a from the battery holder First STEPS Aligning the Viewfinder The wide field of view of the telescope s viewfinder 4 Fig 1a provides an easier way to initially sight objects than the main telescope s eyepiece 3 Fig 1a which has a much narrower field of view If you have not already attached the viewfinder to the telescope tube assembly follow the procedure described in step 9 page 9 In order for the viewfinder to be useful it must be aligned to the main telescope so that both the viewfinder and telescope s optical tube 10 Fig 1a point at the same position in the sky This alignment makes it easier to find objects First locate an object in the wide field viewfinder then look into the eyepiece of the main telescope for a detailed view To align the viewfinder perform steps 1 through 4 d
25. bracket that fits the holder that is mounted on 10 the optical tube Holder ww Thumbscrew Fig 10a Insert eyepiece intor holder and tighten thumbscrews Viewfinder Holder 3 a Fig 10b Insert eyepiece into diagonal prism and tighten thumbscrews Leg lock knob Fig 11 Adjust the tripod height using the leg lock knob 9a 13 n AssEMBLING Exos 1 Attach viewfinder bracket Abb 9b Locate the viewfinder bracket screws 15 Fig 1b and Fig 9a and remove the nuts from the screws Slide the holes in the viewfinder bracket over the viewfinder bracket screws Replace the nuts and tighten to a firm feel only Attach viewfinder tube Back off the viewfinder collimation screws 5 Fig 1b and slide the viewfinder tube into the bracket Orient the view finder eyepiece as depicted in Fig 1b Tighten the collimation screws to a firm feel See Aligning the viewfinder page 14 Insert the eyepiece NT models Fig 10a Lift to remove the dust cap from the eyepiece holder on the focuser assembly Set the dust cap aside in a safe place and replace it when you have finished observing to protect the eyepiece assembly Back off the eyepiece thumbscrews 1 Fig 1a and insert the supplied 25mm eyepiece 3 Fig 1a into the the eyepiece holder Tighten the holder thumbscrews to a firm feel to secure the eyepiece AR models Abb 10b Lift to remove the dust cap from the eyepiece holder on the focu
26. cellent astrophotographers Not only will you be able to see examples of their art but you may even be able to pick up some tricks of the trade to try out on your Messier Series telescope Many groups also hold regularly scheduled Star Parties at which you can check out and observe with many different telescopes and other pieces of astronomical equipment Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye APPENDIX B LATITUDE CHART B BRESSER MESSIER Appendix B Latitude Chart Latitude Chart for Major Cities of the World To aid in the polar alignment procedure see page 25 latitudes of major cities around the world are listed below To determine the latitude of an observing site not listed on the chart locate the city closest to your site Then follow the procedure below Northern hemisphere observers N If the site is over 70 miles 110 km north of the listed city add one degree for every 70 miles If the site is over 70 miles South of the listed city subtract one degree per 70 miles Southern Hemisphere observers S If the site is over 70 miles 110 km north of the listed city subtract one degree for every 70 miles If the site is over 70 miles South of the listed city add one degree per 70 miles EUROPE Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye City Country Latitude Amsterdam Netherlands 52 N Athen Greece 38 N Berlin Germ
27. ct Next loosen the R A lock 33 Fig 1d and turn the telescope in R A to read the cor rect R A coordinate of the object Tighten the R A lock 33 Fig 1d If the procedure has been followed carefully the desired object should now be in the telescopic field of a low power eyepiece If you do not immediately see the object you are seeking try searching the adjacent sky area Keep in mind that with the 25mm eyepiece the field of view of the Messier series is about 0 5 Because of its much wider field the viewfinder may be of significant assistance in locat ing and centering objects after the setting circles have been used to locate the approximate position of the object Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye 26 B BRESSER 27 MESSIER APPENDIX A CELESTIAL COORDINATES Messier Tips Join an Astronomy Club Attend a Star Party One of the best ways to increase your knowledge of astronomy is to join an astronomy club Check your local newspaper school library or telescope dealer store to find out if there s a club in your area At club meetings you will meet other astronomy and Meade enthusiasts with whom you will be able to share your discoveries Clubs are an excellent way to learn more about observing the sky to find out where the best observing sites are and to compare notes about telescopes eyepieces filters tripods and so forth Often club members are ex
28. e celestial equator such as the the constellations of Orion Virgo and Aquarius is said to have a Declination of zero shown as 0 O 0 25 Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye B BRESSER APPENDIX A CELESTIAL COORDINATES MESSIER Every celestial object can be exactly determined by these coordinates Using setting circles prereguisites an advanced observing technigue If you use them for the first time first point a bright star the guide star with known coordinates and adjust the setting circles to them Now you can do a star hop to the next star with known coorditates and compare the setting circles with them By this way you will learn which precise handling is necessary for a successful pointing Locating the Celestial Pole To get basic bearings at an observing location take note of where the Sun rises East and sets West each day After the site is dark face North by pointing your left shoulder toward where the Sun set To pre cisely point at the pole find the North Star Polaris by using the Big Dipper as a guide Fig 35 Note For nearly every purpose except long term astrophotography average settings of the mount s azimuth and latitue are sufficient Therefore it is not necessary to spend too much time on perfekt aligning the celestial pole Ursa Minor Polaris Setting Circles Setting circles included with the Messier Series mod
29. e scratches dark or bright spots or just generally uneven coat ings giving the appearance of poor quality optics These items are only seen when a high intensity light is transmitted through lenses or reflected off the mirrors and can be seen on any high quality optical system includ ing giant research telescopes The optical quality of a telescope cannot be judged by the flashlight test the true test of optical quality can only be conducted through careful star testing Laser collimator To make the collimation easier a laser can be used to align the secondary mirror and the main mirror Especially fast Newtonians f 5 or f 4 systems require precise collimation to deliver the best possible optical performance It is recommended to check the collimation prior to every observing or imaging session A suitable laser collimator can be found with item number 4910200 in our product range All Bresser Messier Newtonian telescopes have a center marking on the main mirror so a laser can be used for col limation 21 Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye B BRESSER MESSIER NOTE The production registration form is on page 42 Please fill it out and return it to Meade Instruments Europe This is a condition of our original guarantee MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE Customer Service If you have a question concerning your Messier series telescope contact the Messier Customer Service Dep
30. e telescope when centering Polaris in the telescope eyepiece or when using the polar alignment viewfinder Latitude Dial Set the latitude of the observing site on this dial using the latitude T handle screws For more information see Step 6 page 9 Polar Alignment Viewfinder EXOS 2 only Allows you to precisely polar align the telescope Polar Alignment Viewfinder Reticle and LED Knob EXOS 2 only Rotate the knob to switch on or off the LED that illuminates the reticle within the polar alignment finder Be sure to turn off the LED when finished with the polar viewfinder Powered by factory supplied batteries contained within Polar viewfinder LED illumination is available seperately Right Ascension R A Setting Circle See APPENDIX A page 25 R A Setting Circle Lock Knob Rotate the knob to lock the R A Setting Circle in place R A Lock Controls the manual movement of the telescope Turning the R A lock counterclockwise unlocks the telescope enabling it to be freely rotated by hand about the R A axis Turning the R A lock clockwise to a firm feel only tightens the lock and prevents the telescope from being moved free but engages the R A manual shaft DEC manual drive assembly Tripod Leg Adjustment Knobs Tighten to a firm feel to secure tripod legs Variable Height Tripod Legs Supports the telescope mount The mount attaches to the top of the tripod Accessory tray Set extra eyepieces and other accessory on this co
31. els permit the Cassiopeia location of faint celestial objects not easily found by direct visual observation With the telescope pointed at the North Celestial Pole the Dec circle 19 Fig 1d should read 90 understood to mean 90 Each division of the Dec circle represents a 1 increment The R A circle 31 Fig 1d runs from Ohr to but not including 24hr and reads in increments of 5min 20 Ursa Maior Fig 34 Locating Polaris Using setting circles requires a developed technique When using the circles for the first time try hopping from one bright star the calibration star to another bright star of known coordinates Practice moving the telescope from one easy to find object to another In this way the precision required for accurate object location becomes evident To use the setting circles to locate an object not easily found by direct visual observation Insert a low power eyepiece such as a 25mm into the focuser assem bly Pick out a bright star with which you are familiar or is easily locat ed that is in the area of the sky in which your target object is located Look up the R A coordinate of the bright star and also of the object you wish to locate in a star atlas Point the object at the bright star Then loosen the R A setting circle lock knob 32 Fig 1d and turn the H A setting circle to read the correct R A coordinate of the bright star lock the R A setting circle lock knob onto the obje
32. ength lying roughly in the center of the cradle ring assembly Point the tube so that the front end this end comes shipped with the dust cover 9 Fig 1a over it is oriented as depicted in Fig 1a Then close the cradle rings 14 Fig 1a over the optical tube Loosely tighten the Fig 8a Place the optical tube cradle ring lock knobs just to hold the tube securely in place until you bal in rings and loosely tighten the ance it See Balancing the telescope page 13 cradle ring lock knobs 9 Attach viewfinder bracket Abb 9b Locate the viewfinder bracket screws 15 Fig 1b and Fig 9a and remove the nuts from the screws Slide the holes in the viewfinder bracket over the viewfinder bracket screws Replace the nuts and tighten to a firm feel only 9a Attach viewfinder tube Back off the viewfinder collimation screws 5 Fig 1b and slide the viewfinder tube into the bracket Orient the view finder eyepiece as depicted in Fig 1b Tighten the collimation screws to a firm feel See Aligning the viewfinder page 14 10 Insert the eyepiece NT models Fig 10a Lift to remove the dust cap from the eyepiece holder on the focuser assembly Set the dust cap aside in a safe place and replace it when you have finished observing to protect the eyepiece assembly Back off the eyepiece thumbscrews 1 Fig 1a and insert the supplied 25mm eyepiece 3 Fig 1a into the the eyepiece holder Tighten the holder thumbscrews to a firm feel to
33. g Started First Steps Balancing the Telescope In order for the telescope to be stable on the tripod and also for it to move smoothly it must be balanced To balance the telescope unlock the Right Ascension or R A lock 33 Fig 1d When this axis is unlocked the tel escope pivots on the R A axis Later in the procedure you will also unlock the Declination or Dec lock 17 Fig 1d When unlocked the telescope pivots on the Dec axis Most of the motion of the telescope takes place by moving about these two axes separately or simultaneously Try to become familiar with these locks and observe how the telescope moves on each axis To obtain a fine balance of the telescope follow the method below 1 Firmly hold the optical tube secure so that it cannot accidentally swing freely Loosen the R A lock 33 Fig 1d The optical tube now moves freely about the R A axis Rotate the telescope so that the counterweight shaft is parallel horizontal to the ground 2 Unlock the counterweight lock knob and slide the counterweight 21 Fig 1d along the counterweight shaft until the telescope remains in one position without tending to drift down in either direction Then re tighten the counterweight lock knob locking the counterweight in position 3 Again hold the optical tube so that it cannot accidentally swing freely Lock the R A lock 33 Fig 1d and unlock the Dec lock 17 Fig 1d The telescope now is able to move freely a
34. he Sun Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversibledamage to your eye Eye damage is often painless so there is no warning to theobserver that damage has occurred until it is too late Do not point the tel escope or its viewfinder at or near the Sun Do not look through the telescope or its viewfinder as it is moving Children should always have adult supervision while observing 17 OBSERVATION Observation Observing by Moving the Telescope Manually After the telescope is assembled and balanced as described previously you are ready to begin manual observations View easy to find terrestrial objects such as street signs or traffic lights to become accustomed to the functions and operations of the telescope For the best results during obser vations follow the suggestions below When you wish to locate an object to observe first loosen the telescope s R A lock 33 Fig 1d and Dec lock 17 Fig 1d The telescope can now turn freely on its axes Unlock each axis separately and practice moving your telescope Then practice with two unlocked axes at the same time It is very important to practice this step to understand how your telescope moves as the movement of an equatorial mount is not intuitive Use the aligned viewfinder to sight in on the object you wish to observe When the object is centered in the viewfinder s crosshairs re tighten the R A and Dec locks A telescope s eyepiece magnifies
35. he tripod from the packaging and place it in front of you with the tripod legs on the floor Grab two legs and pull them apart until fully spread out The tripod weight rests only on one leg Now level the tripod and adjust third leg if necessary Pull out the bottom part of the leg to the desired length Fig 2b and lock with the locking knob 3 pieces total to a firm feel Be care ful not to over tighten the screws These screws lock the inner leg seg ments to the desired tripod height 3 Assembly mounting accessory tray The accessory tray Fig 2a Is placed on the tripod spider with the flat side facing down then locked in place turning the tray approximately 60 clockwise The three gudgeons of the tray should be centered on the spider vanes and lock in place 8 Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye B BRESSER MESSIER ee Fig 2e installing the mounting on the Exos1 tripod Fig 2f Mounting the cradle dovetail plate to the mount shaft EXOS1 Cradle mounting slot Fig 2g Attach cradle to base mounting and tighten locking EXOS1 Fig 2h Place the optical tube in rings and loosely tighten the cradle ring lock knobs AssEMBLING Exos 1 Fastening the counterweight on the counterweight rod insert the base of the counterweight rod 20 illustration 1d on the threaded end of the rod and screw it on the counterweight rod 22 illus
36. hout an eyepiece in the focuser the images of the diagonal mirror primary mirror focuser tube and the observer s eye appear centered relative to each other However with the short focal ratio primary mirror of the Newtonian correct collimation requires that the diagonal mirror be offset in 2 directions 1 away from the focuser and 2 towards the primary mirror in equal amounts This offset is approximately 1 8 in each direction Note that these offsets have been performed at the factory prior to shipment of your telescope It is only necessary for you to confirm that the telescope has not been badly jarred out of collimation and to perform the final fine tuning of Step 4 below Fig 31a shows a correctly collimated Newtonian telescope as it appears when viewed through the focuser with the eyepiece removed To check and if necessary set the optical collimation follow these steps 1 Observe through the focuser and orient your body so that the telescope s primary mirror is to your right The diagonal mirror will appear centered as shown 2 Fig 31a If the diagonal appears off center then adjust the 4 collimation screws on the plastic diagonal mirror housing 2 If the reflection of the primary mirror 3 Fig 31a is not centered on the surface of the diagonal mirror adjust the 4 collimation screws on the plastic diagonal mirror housing to center the reflection As described above the 4 collimation screws Fig 31b on the p
37. l prism and tighten in place with the eyepiece thumbscrew see 2 The eyepiece magnifies the image collected in the optical tube 4 8 x 50mm Viewfinder 6x30 only for smaller models A low power wide field sighting scope with reticle that enables easy centering of objects in the telescope eyepiece 5 Viewfinder Collimation Screws Use these screws to adjust the alignment of the viewfinder 6 Viewfinder Front Cell and Locking Ring Adjust the front cell to focus the viewfinder See step 3 page 10 for more details The viewfinder is supplied with a small dust cover placed over the front cell 7 Viewfinder Bracket Holds the viewfinder in place 8 Focus Knobs Moves the telescope s focuser drawtube in a finely controlled motion to achieve precise image focus The Messier series telescopes can be focused on objects from a distance of about 500 ft to infinity Rotate the focus knobs to focus on objects 9 Dust Cover Place the dust cover not visible in photo over the optical tube when storing the telescope NOTE The dust cover should be replaced after each observing session Allow time for any dew that might have collected during the observing session to evaporate prior to replacing the dust cover 10 Optical Tube The main optical component that gathers the light from distant objects and brings this light to a focus for examination through the eyepiece 11 Cradle Assembly Attaches to mount base See 9 13 Cradle Ring Lock Knobs 2
38. lastic diagonal mir ror housing are used for two different adjustments during the collimation procedure Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye 20 B BRESSER MESSIER Fig 31b The four collimation screws on the secondary mirror housing a knurled knob thumbscrew lt lt Fig 31c The six collimation screws on the rear of the primary mirror cell Fig 32 Correct 1 and incorrect 2 collimation viewed during a star test MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE IMPORTANT NOTE Do not force the 4 screws past their normal travel and do not rotate any Screw or screws more than 2 full turns in a counterclockwise direction i e not more than 2 full turns in their loosening direction or else the diagonal mirror may become loosened from its support Note that the diagonal mirror collimation adjustments are very sensitive generally turning a collimation screw 1 2 turn will have a dramatic effect on collimation 3 If the reflection of the diagonal mirror is not centered within the reflection of the primary mirror adjust the 3 collimation screws located on the rear of the primary mirror cell NOTE There are 6 screws Fig 31c on the primary mirror cell The 3 knurled knobs are the collimation screws and the 3 smaller thumb screws are lock ing screws The locking screws must be loosened slightly in order to adjust the collimation screws Proceed by trial and error
39. lescope Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye 14 Optional accessory for Exos 2 B BRESSER First STEPS MESSIER Collimation screws Eyepiece x 8 6 Check this alignment on a celestial object such as a bright star or the Moon and make any necessary refinements using the method outlined above in steps 3 and 4 Holder gt With this alignment performed objects first located in the wide field viewfinder will also appear in the telescope s eyepiece Fig 14 8x50 Finder scope assembly 15 Messier Tips Further Study This manual gives only the briefest introduction to astronomy If you are interested in pursuing further studies in astronomy a few topics are suggested below that are worth reading up on Try looking up some of these in the optional Autostar glossary Also included below is a small sampling of books magazines and organizations that you might find helpful Topics How is a star born How does a solar system form How is the distance to a star measured What is a light year What is red shift and blue shift How are the craters on our Moon formed Is there water under the surface of th Moon What is a black hole A neutron star A gamma burster An Einstein lens What are stars made of Why are stars different colors How is the elementa composition of a star determined What is an Lyman Alpha forest What is the difference between a Type 1 and
40. local time For the central european time this is 15 E do not use daylight savings Calculate the difference between both longitudes in our exampel with Munich it is 3 N 7 b Now set the secondary scale at your month ring E 20 10 to this difference If your observing site is east of the time meridian turn to E if it is west of the meridian turn to W This setting has only to be changed when the observing site changes by more than 2 3 N 7 c Loosen the RA setting circle locking screw 32 Fig 1 d turn the setting circle to 0 and tighten the screw again In normal operation this screw should be loose N 7 d Now loosen the RA lock and turn the RA axis until the actual date at the month match with the local time In the picture shown this would e g be November 24th 22 00 CET N 7 e Now adjust the mount using the azimuth and latitude knobs until Polaris fits into the small circle between 40 and 60 Observers on the southern hemisphere S 7 a Look at the trapezoid association in the polar viewfinder s reticle They build the stars Sigma Tau Chi and Ypsilon Octantis Turn the RA axis until the real stars roughly cover the edge points in the trapezoid figure S 7 b Probably both trapezoids may still be parallel shifted Adjust this offset by using the latitude and azimuth fine controls Maybe an additional RA correction is necessary Note Not all settings within the month hour scale are possible because
41. ly tightens the lock and prevents the telescope from being moved free but engages the manual Dec drive shaft Polar Viewfinder Cap for EXOS2 models only Remove this cap when using the polar viewfinder see 29 Declination Dec Setting Circle See APPENDIX A page 25 for more information Counterweight Shaft Base Thread along with the shaft to the mount See page 9 Exos1 or 12 Exos2 for more information Counterweight and Counterweight Lock Knob Counterbalances the weight of the optical tube and adds stability to the mount Tighten the lock knob on the side of the counterweight to a firm feel to prevent the weight from sliding on the shaft Counterweight Shaft Slide the counterweight onto this shaft see 21 Counterweight Safety Cap Prevents the counterweight from accidentally slipping off the end of the counterweight shaft R A manual Drive Assembly Latitude Adjustment Sets the latitude of your observing location The two T handle screws work in a push pull operation as you tighten one loosen the other The T handle above the azimuthal control knobs see 27 is the north T handle screw south in the southern hemi sphere This side of the mount must be pointed north south in the southern hemisphere during the polar alignment procedure With EXOS 1 Mounts there s only one latitute screw but the adjustment is similar to the EXOS 2 models Fine Azimuth Control Knobs Fine tune the side to side movement of th
42. me knowledge in which way an object at the sky can be located while it is steadily moving across the sphere This chapter pro vides a basic knowledge about equatorial coordiates the celestial pole and how objects can be found by their coordinates You will also get used to the meaning of Right aszension and Declination A celestial coordinate system was created that maps an imaginary sphere surrounding the Earth upon which all stars appear to be placed This mapping system is similar to the system of latitude and longitude on Earth surface maps In mapping the surface of the Earth lines of longitude are drawn between the North and South Poles and lines of latitude are drawn in an East West direction parallel to the Earth s equator Similarly imaginary lines have been drawn to form a latitude and longitude grid for the celestial sphere These lines are known as Right Ascension and Declination The celestial map also contains two poles and an equator just like a map of the Earth The poles of this coordinate system are defined as those two points where the Earth s north and south poles i e the Earth s axis if extended to infinity would cross the elestial sphere Thus the North Celestial Pole 1 Fig 34 is that point in the sky where an extension of the North Pole intersects the celestial sphere The North Star Polaris is located very near the North Celestial Pole The celestial equator 2 Fig 34 is a projection of the Earth s e
43. mount is rotated around its Dec axis 4 f this is the case correct 5096 of the error by adjusting the hex screw of the viewfinder holder Now correct the remaining error by repositioning the mount Turn the RA axis by 90 180 and repeat this process until the center cross stays on the desired object Polar alignment by using the polar viewfinder EXOS 2 only 1 Set the polar home position p 18 Loosen the Dec lock turn the Dec axis by 90 and re engage the lock 2 Loosen the RA lock 33 Fig 1 d 3 Remove the dust caps 4 f not done yet remove the isolaton pad from the viewfinder s illumination see p 10 step 13 5 Turn the illuminator switch clockwise to a comfortable brightness and look throug the viewfinder If necessary focus the viewfinder until reticle and stars appear sharp 6 In the following step 7 use the latitude adjustment screws Fig 1 d 26 and the azimuth adjustment screws Fig 1 d 27 to do the necessary fine adjustments Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye 30 Optional accessory for Exos 2 B BRESSER MESSIER ra 3 Fig 37 Detail Polar viewfinder Polar finder scope illumination 30 available separately APPENDIX C POLAR ALIGNMENT Observers on the northern hemishere N 7 a Determine the rough longitude of your observing site example Munich is 12 E Now determine the longitude of the time meridian according to your
44. mount to be more precisely aligned with true North The Exos2 Mount can be equipped with a red LED illumination for the finder scope available separately Adjusting the polar viewfinder EXOS 2 only A Calibrating the month circle at the polar viewfinder scope best done while daytime 1 Point the viewfinder against a bright surface not in any case at the sun and see the scaled line with the center cross Fig 36 Turn the viewfinder s eyepiece until the scales are focussed 2 Now turn the month circle against the viewfinder until the 1st of May hits the vertical line The month circle is secured by a counterring it should be able to be turned but it should not come loose Now you can put the viewfinder back into the RA axis 3 On the month circle there s a second scale marked E 20 10 0 10 20 W Take a white pencil and mark the point on the viewfinder that is right above the 0 This can be also done by using a small piece of colored tape B Aligning the viewfinder s optical axis to the RA axis 1 Starting at the polar home position see p 18 loosen the Dec lock turn the Dec axis by 90 and re engage the Dec lock again In this position the optical axis of the viewfinder is free 2 Point the viewfinder at a terrestrial objekt like a phone pole the tip of a church tower or equiv so that it lines up with the center cross of the reti cle 3 Ascertain whether the object moves out of the center cross when the
45. ng the counterweight on the counterweight rod insert the base of the counterweight rod 20 illustration 1d on the threaded end of the rod and screw it on the counterweight rod 22 illustration 1 Then screw both in the thread on the base of the declination axis and counter screw rod to base If you look through the large drill hole in the counterweight you will see the bolt blocking the hole Move the counterweight slightly to make 11 Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye B BRESSER AssEMBLING Exos2 MESSIER it disappear in its drill hole and reveal the hole If it doesn t carefully loosen the counterweight screw until the bolt moves Remove the safety cover 23 illustration 1d from the rod Hold the counterweight firmly whilst moving it to about the middle of the counterweight rod 22 illustra tion 1d Tighten the counterweight fastening screw and then replace the safety cover DEC setting circle Shaft base Lock knob NOTE If the counterweight ever slips the safety cap 23 Fig 1d prevents the counter weight from sliding entirely off the shaft Always leave the safety cap in place when the counterweight is on the shaft Fig 6a Attach counterweight 6 Set the latitude Setting the latitude is easier if it is set before you attach the assembly EXOS1 optical tube to the assembly Locate the latitude dial 28 Fig 1d note that there is a triangular pointer above
46. ng the telescope See p 8 10 Exos1 p 11 12 Exos2 TELESCOPE FEATURES Messier series Your personal window to the universe The Messier series models are versatile high resolution telescopes The Messier series models offer unmatched mechanical performance The Messier series telescopes reveal nature in an ever expanding level of detail Observe the feather structure of an eagle from 150 yards or study the rings of the planet Saturn from a distance of 800 million miles Focus beyond the Solar System and observe majestic nebulae ancient star clusters and remote galaxies Messier series telescopes are instruments fully capable of growing with your interest and can meet the requirements of the most demand ing advanced observer Refer to Figures 1a through 1d for the following fea tures Description of the features Fig 1a to 1d 1 Eyepiece Thumbscrews Tightens the eyepiece see 3 in place Tighten to a firm feel only 2 Eyepiece Holder Holds eyepiece in place Holders supplied for both 1 25 and 2 eyepieces 2 only for EXOS2 AR models Diagonal Prism not shown achromatic refractor models only Provides a more comfortable right angle viewing position Slide the diagonal prism directly into the eyepiece holder see 2 and tighten the thumbscrew on the eyepiece holder to a firm feel only See page 10 for a photo and more information 3 Eyepiece Place the supplied eyepiece into the eyepiece holder or the diagona
47. nien Florida Wisconsin Tennessee Louisiana New York Oklahoma Pennsylvania Arizona Oregon Virginia Utah Texas Kalifornien Kalifornien Washington District of Columbia Kansas Country Paraguay Brasil Argentinia Uruguay Chile Country China South Korea Taiwan Japan Hongkong Country Egypt South Africa Marocco Tunesia Namibia Latitude 35 N 61 N 34 N 42 N 42 N 41 N 33 N 40 N 42 N 21 N 32 N 39 N 36 N 35 N 34 N 26 N 46 N 36 N 30 N 41 N 35 N 40 N 33 N 46 N 37 N 41 N 29 N 33 N 38 N 47 N 39 N 38 N SOUTH AMERICA Latitude 25 24 S 2 35 5 24 5 ASIA Latitude 40 N 37 N 25 N 36 N 23 N AFRICA Latitude 30 N 34 S 34 N 37 N 239 Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye B BRESSER MESSIER wa Reticle LED knob Eyepiece Fig 35 The polar alignment viewfinder Fig 36 The view inside the polar alignment viewfinder reticle the four stars show an association near the southern celestial pole APPENDIX C PoLAR ALIGNMENT Appendix C Polar Alignment The Polar Alignment Viewfinder Normally a rough alignment with the celestial pole is sufficient for visual purposes However for those observers who need to meet the more demanding requirements of astrophotography the polar alignment viewfinder allows the telescope
48. nlight strikes the Moon at an angle dur ing these periods and adds a depth to the view No shadows are seen during a full Moon making the overly bright surface to appear flat and rather uninteresting Consider the use of a neutral density Moon filter when observing the Moon Not only does it cut down the Moon s bright glare but it also enhances contrast providing a more dramatic image Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye B BRESSER MESSIER rd PM North i Point optical tube to north The tripod leg is to be aligned north under the counterweight rod b lt Level mount Point leg marked with star to north Fig 16a The polar home position side view OBSERVATION Setting the Polar Home Position 1 Level the mount if necessary by adjusting the length of the three tripod legs Unlock the R A Lock 33 Fig 1d Rotate the Optical Tube Assembly until the counterweight shaft is pointing straight down over the mount See Figs 16a and 16b If you have not already done so lift the telescope assembly and turn it so that the tripod leg beneath the counterweight rod faces approximately north South in the Southern Hemisphere Release the Dec lock 17 Fig 1d of the tripod so that the optical tube 10 Fig 1a may be rotat ed Rotate the optical tube until it points North or South in the Southern Hemisphere Then re tighten the lock Loc
49. nt and irreversible damage to your eye B BRESSER MESSIER Spring ees mm p TEN ae Denebola M Regulus e Alphard Fig 51 Sky view in spring Beginning of April ca 22 h facing south S N Arktur Cor Caroli NEP Mizar e x Alcor Alioth 4 Megrez e Kocab e e Merak eDubhe e Polarstern Abb 51a Sky view in spring Beginning of April ca 22 h facing north N APPENDIX E STAR MAPS e Pollux e Althena Beteigeuze a o Procyon Sirius V Albireo Alderamin e or Shedir 38 B BRESSER MESSIER Summer Nd N N Rasalgethi a Alshain Rasalhague Fig 52 Sky view in summer Beginning of July ca 22 h facing south S Cor Caroli vil i Alcor Alioth Megrez Kocab L Dubhe e Polarstern Fig 52a Sky view in summer Beginning of July ca 22 h facing north N 39 APPENDIX E STAR MAPS Cor Caroli izar e Arcturus e Alphekka eN Alderamin e N e K d B BRESSER APPENDIX E STAR MAPS MESSIER Autumn e Albireo 7 N e Alcyone Mirach Aldebaran Alpheratz M N TN Altair g L Markab Enif 8 Menkar lt Algenib S e Fomalhaut L LN Fig 53 Sky view in autumn Beginning of October ca 22 h facing south S Mirach Aldebaran 3 Alamak Algol L E wa CR Etamin e pollen Koc b Thub
50. nvenient tray Tripod Leg Braces Make the tripod more secure and stable See Fig 3 Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye B BRESSER MESSIER Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye TELESCOPE FEATURES Messier Tips Surf the Web One of the most exciting resources for astronomy is the internet The internet is full of websites with new images discoveries and the latest astronomical information For example when comet Hale Bopp made its approach to our Sun in 1998 astronomers around the world posted new photos daily You can find websites for almost any topic relating to astronomy on the inter net Try the following key word searches NASA Hubble HST astronomy Messier satellite nebula black hole variable stars etc Check out Bresser s website for the latest product and technical information You ll find our website at http www bresser de Here are some other sites you might find interesting Sky amp Telescope http www Skyand Telescope com Astronomy http Avww astronomy com The Starfield http users nac net gburke Astronomy Picture of the Day http antwrp gsfc nasa goc apod e Heaven s Above www heavens above com www spacetelescope org European Southern Observatory www eso org B BRESSER MESSIER Fig 2b tripod leg locks Fig 2d central mount locking screw AssEMBLING Exos 1 As
51. ons page 23 24 Telescope Focal Length Eyepiece Focal Length Eyepiece Power Telescope Focal Length 1000mm Eyepiece Focal Length 25mm Telescope Focal Length 1000 mm Magnification Eyepiece Focal Length 25 mm The magnification is therefore 40X approximately Messier Tips Too Much Power Can you ever have too much power If the type of power you re referring to is eyepiece magnification yes you can The most common mistake of the beginning observer is to overpower a telescope by using high magnifications which the tel escope s aperture and atmospheric conditions cannot reasonably support Keep in mind that a smaller but bright and well resolved image is far superior to one that is larger but dim and poorly resolved see Figs 15a and 15b Powers above 200X should be employed only under the steadiest atmospheric conditions Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye 16 B BRESSER MESSIER Important Note Objects appear upside down and reversed left for right when observed in the viewfinder With refracting telescope models objects viewed through the main telescope with the diagonal mir ror in place are seen right side up but reversed left for right This image inversion is of no consequence when observing astronomical objects and in fact all astronomical telescopes yield inverted images QS WARNING Never use a Telescope to look at t
52. oosen the other When the pointer points at your latitude tighten both screws until they make contact with the mount At your observing site set up the telescope assembly so that this leg approximately faces North or South in the Southern Hemisphere Attach the cradle assembly to the mount Models R and N Remove the optical tube from the cradle and slide the cradle assembly 11 Fig 1a onto the cradle mounting slot See Fig 2g The rounded base of the cradle assembly fits into the rounded portion of the mounting slot Tighten both the cradle locking knob and the secondary locking knob to a firm feel Position optical tube Models AR and NT Unscrew the cradle ring lock knobs 13 Fig 1a and open the cradle rings While firmly holding the optical tube 10 Fig 1a position it onto the cradle rings 14 Fig 1a with the mid point of the optical tube s length lying roughly in the center of the cradle ring assembly Point the tube so that the front end this end comes shipped with the dust cover 9 Fig 1a over it is oriented as depicted in Fig 1a Then close the cradle rings 14 Fig 1a over the optical tube Loosely tighten the cradle ring lock knobs just to hold the tube securely in place until you balance it See Balancing the telescope page 13 Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye B BRESSER MESSIER 9 Fig 9b The finder scope assem bly has a dovetail
53. pcs and Washers 14 Cradle Rings Part of the cradle assembly see 11 hold the optical tube firmly in place 15 Viewfinder Bracket Screws Tighten to a firm feel to hold viewfinder securely in place see 4 See page 10 for more information 16 Focus Lock Knob Designed to prevent the focuser drawtube from moving when a heavy accessory such as a camera is attached to Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye 5 B BRESSER MESSIER Important Before loosening the DEC lock hold the optical tube in place otherwise it might swing through and cause damage to the mount or even hurt the operator Want to learn more about adjusting the latitude scale See p 15 step 6 Want to learn more about the polar finder See p 30 DEFINITION In this manual you will find the terms right aszension RA Declination DEC Elevation and Azimut These terms are explained on p 25 TELESCOPE FEATURES the focuser assembly For normal observing with an eyepiece and diago nal prism it is not necessary to use the lock knob 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Dec Lock Controls the manual movement of the telescope Turning the Dec lock counterclockwise unlocks the telescope enabling it to be freely rotated by hand about the Dec axis Turning the Dec lock clockwise to a firm feel on
54. points of light when using even the lowest magni fication These moons orbit Jupiter so that the number of moons visible on any given night changes as they circle around the giant planet Saturn is nine times the diameter of Earth and appears as a small round disk with rings extending out from either side Fig 44 In 1610 Galileo the first person to observe Saturn through a telescope did not understand that what he was seeing were rings Instead he believed that Saturn had ears Saturn s rings are composed of billions of ice particles ranging in size from a speck of dust to the size of a house The major division in Saturn s rings called the Cassini Division is occasionally visible through the Messier Series Titan the largest of Saturn s moons can also be seen as a bright star like object near the planet Deep Sky Objects Star charts can be used to locate constellations individual stars and deep sky objects Examples of various deep sky objects are given below Stars are large gaseous objects that are self illuminated by nuclear fusion in their core Because of their vast distances from our solar system all stars appear as pinpoints of light irrespective of the size of the telescope used Nebulae are vast interstellar clouds of gas and dust where stars are formed Most impressive of these is the Great Nebula in Orion M42 a diffuse nebula that appears as a faint wispy gray cloud M42 is 1600 light years from Earth Fig 45
55. quator onto the celestial sphere Just as an object s position on the Earth s surface can be located by its latitude and longitude celestial objects may also be located using Right Ascension and Declination For example you could locate Los Angeles California by its latitude 34 and longitude 118 Similarly you could locate the Ring Nebula M57 by its Right Ascension 18hr and its Declination 33 Right Ascension R A This celestial version of longitude is measured in units of hours hr minutes min and seconds sec on a 24 hour clock similar to how Earth s time zones are determined by longitude lines The zero line was arbitrarily chosen to pass through the constellation Pegasus a sort of cosmic Greenwich meridian R A coordinates range from Ohr Omin Osec to 23hr 59min 59sec There are 24 primary lines of R A located at 15 degree inter vals along the celestial equator Objects located further and further East of the zero R A grid line Ohr Omin Osec carry higher R A coordinates Declination Dec This celestial version of latitude is measured in degrees arcminutes and arc seconds e g 15 27 33 Dec locations north of the celestial equator are indicated with a plus sign e g the Dec of the North celestial pole is 90 Dec locations south of the celestial equator are indicated with a minus sign e g the Dec of the South celestial pole is 90 Any point on th
56. sembling Exos1 Telescope Assembly As you unpack your telescope carefully note the following parts The assembly is shipped in separate boxes Equatorial mount with polar alignment finder Heavy duty adjustable steel tube tripod with leg braces three tripod leg lock knobs and a captive mount locking knob Complete optical tube assembly including primary mirror with dust cover and a rack and pinion focuser and eyepiece holders for both 1 25 and 2 eyepiece holders tube cradle assembly with two rings and two lock knobs Eyepiece Counterweight and counterweight shaft Some models include an additional counterweight 8 x 50mm or 6 x 30mm viewfinder How to Assemble Your Telescope The giftboxes contain the optical tube assembly and the tripod with the equatorial mount The accessories are located within compartments custom cut into the styrofoam block inserts instructions on telescope assembly The packaging contains the main tube and tripod components the tripod with mounting and accessories 1 Remove the components from the packaging and familiarise yourself with them Please refer to illustrations 1a to 1d for details of telescope assembly When removing the tripod from its packaging keep it parallel to the floor as the inner legs may otherwise slide out as they are not yet screwed tight 2 Assembly tripod The tripod legs are preassembled and already con nected to the tripod head and accessory tray Remove t
57. ser assembly Set the dust cap aside in a safe place and replace it when you have finished observing to protect the eyepiece assembly Back off the eyepiece thumbscrews 1 Fig 1b and slide the diagonal prism into the holder and tighten the thumbscrews to a firm feel only Insert the supplied 25mm eyepiece 3 Fig 1b into the the diagonal prism Tighten the prism s thumbscrews to a firm feel to secure the eyepiece Adjust the height of the tripod Adjust the height of the tripod by loosening the tripod lock knobs Fig 11 Extend the sliding inner section of each tripod leg to the desired length then tighten each knob Adjust the tripod to a height that is comfortable for viewing The 2 focusers of the Messier Series from AR 102 or NT 130 on have a built in extension tube Depending on the accessories used or when using a camera it might not be possible to reach the focus Focus tra vel to the inside might not be sufficient in the standard configuration To reach focus unscrew the eyepiece holder then the following 25mm extension tube Screw the eyepiece holder back in place Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye 10 Optional accessory for Exos 2 B BRESSER MESSIER Fig 4 Fastening the spacing plate and distance washer in place Fig 4a Threaded rod fastening using the C clip Gudgeon fine adjust ment A bo g Fig 5 installing the mo
58. tration 1 Then screw both in the thread on the base of the declination axis and counter screw rod to base If you look through the large drill hole in the counterweight you will see the bolt blocking the hole Move the counterweight slightly to make it disappear in its drill hole and reveal the hole If it doesn t carefully loosen the counterweight screw until the bolt moves Remove the safety cover 23 illustration 1d from the rod Hold the counterweight firmly whilst moving it to about the middle of the counterweight rod 22 illustration 1d Tighten the counterweight fastening screw and then replace the safety cover NOTE If the counterweight ever slips the safety cap 23 Fig 1d prevents the counterweight from sliding entirely off the shaft Always leave the safety cap in place when the counterweight is on the shaft 6 Set the latitude Setting the latitude is easier if it is set before you attach the optical tube to the assembly Locate the latitude dial 28 Fig 1d note that there is a triangular pointer above the dial located on the mount The pointer is not fixed it moves as the mount moves Determine the latitude of your observing location See APPENDIX B LATITUDE CHART page 28 29 for a list of latitudes or check an atlas Move the latitude T handle screws in order to move the mount until the pointer points to your latitude The two T handle screws EXOS 2 only work in a push pull operation as you tighten one l
59. until you develop a feel for which collimation screw to turn in order to change the image in any given way 4 Perform an actual star test to confirm the accuracy of steps 1 through 3 Using the 25mm eyepiece point the telescope at a moderately bright second or third magnitude star and center the image in the main telescope s field of view 5 Bring the star s image slowly in and out of focus until you see several disks surrounding the star s center If steps 1 through 3 were done correctly you will see concentric centered with respect to each other circles 1 Fig 32 An improperly collimated instrument will reveal oblong or elongated circles 2 Fig 32 Adjust the 3 collimating screws on the primary mirror housing until the circles are concentric on either side of the focus In summary the 4 adjustment screws on the plastic diagonal mirror housing change the tilt of the secondary mirror so that it is correctly centered in the focuser drawtube and so that the primary mirror appears centered when looking into the focuser The 3 collimating knobs on the primary mirror change the tilt of the primary mirror so that it reflects the light directly up the center of the drawtube Inspecting the Optics A Note About the Flashlight Test If a flashlight or other high intensity light source is pointed down the main telescope tube the view depending upon the observer s line of sight and the angle of the light may reveal what appears to b
60. unting on the tripod AssEMBLING Exos2 Assembling Exos2 Telescope Assembly As you unpack your telescope carefully note the following parts The assem bly is shipped in separate boxes Equatorial mount with polar alignment finder Heavy duty adjustable steel tube tripod with leg braces three tripod leg lock knobs and a captive mount locking knob Complete optical tube assembly including primary mirror with dust cover and a rack and pinion focuser and eyepiece holders for both 1 25 and 2 eyepiece holders tube cradle assembly with two rings and two lock knobs Eyepiece Counterweight and counterweight shaft Some models include an additional counterweight 8 x 50mm or 6 x 30mm viewfinder How to Assemble Your Telescope The giftboxes contain the optical tube assembly and the tripod with the equa torial mount The accessories are located within compartments custom cut into the styrofoam block inserts instructions on telescope assembly The packaging contains the main tube and tripod components the tripod with mounting and accessories 1 Remove the components from the packaging and familiarise yourself with them Please refer to illustrations 1a to 1d for details of telescope assembly When removing the tripod from its packaging keep it parallel to the floor as the inner legs may otherwise slide out as they are not yet screwed tight 2 Locking the tripod legs Spread the legs until the spider vanes of
61. uring the daytime perform step 5 at night Both the 6 x 30mm and the 8 x 50mm viewfinders align in an identical manner Refer to Fig 14 1 Remove the dust covers from the optical tube and the viewfinder 2 If you have not already done so insert the low power 25mm eyepiece 3 Fig 1b into the eyepiece holder of the main telescope See step 10 page 13 3 Look through the viewfinder eyepiece at an object at least one half mile away Tip Remove the viewfinder tube from the bracket to simplify this operation If the distant object is not in focus turn the focus lock ring counterclockwise to loosen the viewfinder front cell 6 Fig 1b Twist the front cell until focus is achieved and retighten the focus lock ring 4 Unlock the R A lock 33 Fig 1d and the Dec lock 17 Fig 1d so that the telescope turns freely on both axes Then point the main tel escope at a tall welldefined and stationary land object e g the top of a telephone pole at least 200 yards distant and center the object in the telescope s eyepiece Focus the image by turning the focus knobs 8 Fig 1b Retighten the R A and Dec locks 5 Look through the viewfinder and loosen or tighten as appropriate one or more of the viewfinder collimation thumbscrews 5 Fig 1b until the viewfinder s crosshairs are precisely centered on the object you previously centered in the main telescope s eyepiece You are now ready to make your first observations with your te
62. way Do not however wipe any of the optical surfaces Rather simply allow the telescope to sit for some time in the warm indoor air so that the wet optical surfaces can dry unattended Do not leave your Messier inside a sealed car on a warm summer day excessive ambient temperatures can damage the telescope Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye B BRESSER MESSIER Note The AR refractor models do not need any collimation Focuser drawtube Secondary mirror Reflection of primary mirror Reflection of secondary mirror Reflection of observer s eye Primary mirror clips MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE Alignment Collimation of the Newtonian Optical System All Bresser Newtonian telescopes are precisely collimated at the factory before packing and shipment and it is probable that you will not need to make any optical adjustments before making observations However if e telescope sustained rough handling in shipment you may need to re collimate the optical system Such re collimation is not a difficult procedure in any case The collimation procedure for the short focal length Newtonians is slightly different from that of other Newtonian reflecting telescopes because of the fast f 5 focal ratio of the primary mirror In typical Newtonian reflectors with more conventional focal ratios i e longer focal ratios when the observer looks down the focuser tube wit
63. y clear night can distort images If an image appears fuzzy and ill defined back off to a lower power eye piece for a more well resolved image see Fig 15a and 15b below A telescope s eyepiece magnifies the image formed by the telescope s main optics Each eyepiece has a focal length expressed in millimeters or mm The smaller the focal length the higher the magnification For exam ple an eyepiece with a focal length of 9mm has a higher magnification than an eyepiece with a focal length of 25mm Your telescope comes supplied with a Plossl 25mm eyepiece which gives a wide comfortable field of view with high image resolution Low power eyepieces offer a wide field of view bright high contrast imag es and eye relief during long observing sessions To find an object with a telescope always start with a lower power eyepiece such as the Super Pl ssl 26mm When the object is located and centered in the eyepiece you may wish to switch to a higher power eyepiece to enlarge the image as much as practical for prevailing seeing conditions The power or magnification of a telescope is determined by the focal length of the telescope and the focal length of the eyepiece being used To calcu late eyepiece power divide the telescope s focal length by the eyepiece s focal length For example a 25mm eyepiece is supplied with the Messier eries The focal length of the 8 Messier series model is 900mm see Specificati

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