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Yamaha dx100 User's Manual

1. Prog 0 119 3 0 127 1 Change True XXXXXXXXXYXXX 0 119 Tin saksi sa ee ee Ty dune emm ree dome SS SSeS System Exclusive 2 2 Voice parameters ToS Sse mes eas SSeS SSeS es POSS SSS u System Song Pos x Song Sel x x Tune x x ias taser oe eo deve System Clock x Real Time Commands x x usasapa SSS mmu Sashes s qoum sa AUux Local ON OFF x X Al Notes OFF x o 123 126 127 Mes Active Sense o o sages Reset x Seas SSS SS SaaS p Notes All MIDI communication are enabled if MIDI switch is on transmit receive if CH information switch is on 2 transmit receive if system information switch is on 3 transmit if CH informaiton switch is on and system information switch is off t Mode 1 OMNI ON POLY Mode
2. 17 6 MIDI FUNCIONS de n 20 1 Location 2 Cleaning 3 Service and Modifications 4 Relocation 5 Handling 6 Electrical Storms Lightning 7 Electromagnetic Fields PRECAUTIONS Avoid locations exposed to direct sunlight or other sources of heat Also avoid locations subject to vibration excessive dust cold or moisture Do not attempt to clean the exterior with chemical solvents as this may damage the finish Clean with a soft dry cloth Do not open the cabinet or attempt to make your own repairs or modifications to any part of the instrument Such actions may not only result in electrical shock or damage but will also void the product warranty Refer all servicing to a qualified Yamaha service center When moving the instrument be sure to unplug the AC adaptor PA 1210 optional as well as all other connecting cables Avoid applying excessive force to switches and slide controls dropping or rough handling The DX100 is ruggedly constructed using reliable solid state circuitry nonetheless it is a fine instrument that should be treated with care Digital circuitry such as that used in the DX100 is sensitive to voltage spikes and surges Be sure to remove all connecting cables in the event of an electrical storm Digital circuitry is also sensitive to electromagnetic fields such as those produced by television sets radio receivers transmitters transceivers etc
3. BAS x LFO SENSITIVITY VELOCITY 15 0 75211200 our iEVEL RATE LEVEL ARGUI When this function is called the LCD will read Init Voice Confirm your intention to initialize the voice edit buffer by pressing the 1 button The DX100 will then ask you to reconfirm your intention to initialize the voice with Are You Sure Press the 1 button again to actually execute the initialize operation Once executed the DX100 will automatically enter the EDIT mode ready for voice programming Pressing another function button the PLAY mode button or the EDIT mode button prior to the final step in the above process will abort the voice initialize function YES ZUM E F Are You Sure wb Eu 8 BANK EDIT EDIT BANK The BANK EDIT function allows you to load PRESET voices of the normal mode or shift mode and 24 INTERNAL memory voices into any of the 96 BANK memory locations in the order you desire In PRESET memory they are immovable If for example you want to have 10 specific voices all in consecutive memory locations 18 for convenience and ease of selection during a performance you would use the BANK EDIT function to place your 10 required voices in locations 1 10 in BANK A There are 4 entire banks in the BANK memory This means you can have 4 per sonally arranged 24 voice groups to choose from i e separate BANK
4. 10 Wood Piano ul 10 BCiTrumpet 10 Mono Lead 2 10 Dopplar FX i 11 Vibrabelle 11 Strings Mibyrisyn 11 Storm Wind 1 2 12 Silk Cello 12 Schmooch 12 s P 8 tt 13 JazzORGAN 13 Orchestra p 13 aranette 8 14 Ham lt n gt Eggs 14 Solo Violin 2 14 Pan Floot 9 14 lt lt Smash gt gt tu 5 15 Box Cello 15 4 Reed S 15 SQUARE 16 lt 6 Tease gt 16 Richstring TEMEA S ax lt PULSE 17 Flutewood 17 GentlePipe Z 5th String B 17 FMSAWTOOTH z 18 FullRanks 18 Harpsi low TE Sp Od S 18 NOISE 19 1 Hrmnca 19 Plukguitar 19 Harpsi Hi 19 PINK NOISE o a 20 SoftHarp 20 Fuzz Clav m 20 Timpani 20 Windbells 21 JazzGuit x a 21 Clear Clav 5 21 2115 x N 22 OldBanjo 3 22 Squeezebox 22 Sy nballs n 22W histling 9 x o 23 Kotokoto S 23 Celeste 23 Clockworks S o i c e s 24 FolkGuit 24 Circustime 24 lHeiferBell 24 to 27 Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group4 01 Piano 1 01 Clickorgan E i g 1 5 01 Rich Strg 1 4 01 Snare Bass 02 Piano 2 02 Drawbars ix 02 Rich Strg 2 e 02 Snare Drum 1 03 Piano 3 03 Guitar 2 03 Rich Strg 3 03 Drum 2 2 04 F Gui 04 Pizzicato o 04 Piano Vel 22 04 05 Honkeyton 2 a 05 Brt Guitar amp 05 Harpsi
5. PITCH WHEEL RANGE As you move the DX100 modulation wheel away from you an increasing amount of LFO Low Frequency Oscillator modulation is applied to the selected voice 13 LFO modulation can be made to modulate the pitch of the voice producing a range of vibrato type effects This function is used to set the maximum depth of pitch modulation which can be applied using the modulation wheel The actual effect produced depends on the settings of the LFO parameters these will be discussed in CHAPTER IV VOICE PROGRAMMING Note however that the appropriate voice PITCH MODULATION SENSITIVITY parameter must be set to a value higher than 0 for pitch modulation to be effective The voice PITCH MODULATION SENSITIVITY parameter will also be discussed in CHAPTER IV The data range is from 0 to 99 At 0 pitch modulation is OFF and rotating the modulation wheel will cause no pitch modulation to be applied to the voice A setting of 99 produces the greatest possible pitch modulation depth Data is entered using the DATA ENTRY slider or buttons Once this function is called subsequent presses on the 18 button will increment the data value NOTE Modulation Wheel control direction is reversed simultaneously along with the Pitch Bend Wheel when the PITCH B MODE SET button is pressed while turning on the power to the DX100 19 MODULATION WHEEL RANGE AMPLITUDE AMPLITUDE As you move the DX100 modulation wheel away from you an increasing
6. ASCII VLLL o a o p ada not used 5 3 FUNCTION PARAMETERS oon nar CO n5 m m m nm OPERATOR ENABLE DISABLE OPETATOR SELECT EDIT MODE 1 ON FUNCTION MODE 1 ON STORE MODE 1 ON PLAY MODE 1 ON MASTER TUNE 40 CENTER MIDI SWITCH ON MIDI CH INFO OMNI 0 OFF 1 ON MIDI TRANS CH MIDI RECV CH MIDI SYS INFO 32 VOICE BULK DUMP RECALL EDIT INIT VOICE SAVE VERIFY LOAD LOAD SINGLE MEMORY PROTECT 1 ON KEY SHIFT 24 CENTER PITCH BEND MODE 1 ON KEY SHIFT COMPARE PITCH BEND MODE PRESET SEARCH No BANK VOICE No BANK VOICE DATA 55 E e F f Mem Store P p M Tune Midi Ch Info Omni Midi T Ch Midi R Ch Midi Sys Info Midi Transmit Recall Edit Init Voice Save to Tape Verify Tape Load Tape Load Single M Protect Key Shift Bend Mode K C Receive XXX X X KK only Digital Programmable Algorium Synthesizer Date 5 10 1985 Model DX100 MIDI pap toned Chart Version 1 0 pea aS eee See Se a Re a ee a Se DES Transmitted I Recognized Remarks i Function ESCLUSA oe ae are ee ee Tees Basic Default 1 7 16 i 1 73 16 memorized Channel Changed 1 16 1 3 16 een tam
7. YAMAHA DIGITAL PROGRAMMABLE ALGORITHM SYNTHESIZER OWNER S MANUAL CONGRATULATIONS Your Yamaha DX100 Digital Programmable Algorithm Synthesizer incorporates state of the art digital FM tone generation technology providing extraordinarily vibrant rich voices and outstanding playability The DX100 has a programmable 24 voice INTERNAL memory RAM from which any voice can be selected at the touch of a button two 96 voice PRESET ROM memories a total of 192 fine preset voices a 96 voice BANK memory that permits storage of PRESET voices in any configuration for one touch se lection and a cassette interface that permits unlimited storage of FM voices Of course the DX100 is fully programmable allowing you to create your own FM voices or sound effects Broad MIDI compatibility is also provided so the DX100 can control or be controlled via other MIDI compatible music equipment To ensure that you gain maximum benefit from all the performance and flexibility provided by the DX100 we urge you to read this owner s manual thoroughly while actually trying out all of the available functions CONTENTS oe m nupun una CHAPTER IV VOICE PROGRAMMING 1 Audio Oulpuls 3 1 The Basics of FM 2 Optional d t Swiich Rs 3 2 The EDIT and COMPARE modes 3 Optional BC 1 Breath Controller 3
8. 03 Byte count 00000000 00 Byte count 01011101 5D Data Oddddddd 93 bytes Oddddddd Checksum Oeeeeeee EOX 11110111 F7 The data for one voice is transmitted when a voice selector is pressed in the PLAY mode Data in the voice edit buffer is transmitted when a format no f 3 dump request is received The transmitted data is shown in voice parameter table 5 2 The checksum is the lowest 7 bits of the two s complement sum of all data bytes the same applies below Functions not available on this unit are set as follows CHORUS 0 PEG PRI 99 PR2 99 PR3 99 PL1 50 PL2 50 PL3 50 FOOT VOLUME RANGE 99 3 32 Voice BULK Data Status 11110000 F0 ID no 0100001 1 43 Substatus ch no 0000nnnn On n channel Format no 00000100 04 Byte count 00100000 20 47 Byte count 00000000 00 Data Oddddddd 4096 bytes Oddddddd Checksum Oeeeeeee EOX 11110111 F7 The data of 32 voices including the 24 voices in RAM memory will be transmitted if the YES key is pressed in response to the MIDI Transmit display which appears when the SYS INFO key is pressed twice in the FUNCTION mode The data for all 32 voices will also be transmitted when a format no f 4 dump request is received The transmitted data is shown in voice data table 5 1 55 bytes of 0 s are added to the 73 bytes in this table so 1 28 bytes are transmitted for each voice 4096 bytes are therefore transmitted for all 32 voices Voices 25 through 32 are transmitted
9. AES s Default 8542 tod 2 3 4 4 i memorized Mode Messages X POLY MONO M 1 Altered SSS Tm sss Note 36 84 oum 127 Number True voice XXXXXXXXXXXXXY 13 108 aT cemere ae Velocity Note x 9 v 64 4 0 1 127 n Note OFF x 9nH v 0 x yam After Key s Touch Ch s x Xx Tg Pitch Bender 0 0 12 semi 7 bit resolutio SSS Ss SSeS Te 1 o 0 Modulation wheel 2o 8 is Breath control Sie 0 Portamento time Control 6 PE WAV Data entry knob 7 t1 o ep ox Data entry knob Change in play mode Tag 4220 1 Volume 64 1 Sustain foot sw 65 3 1 Portamento f sw 96 11 x Data entry 1 97 PE kx Data entry 1 aaa cl
10. The DX100 should be kept at least several feet from such sources in order to prevent possible random malfunctions 1 Audio Outputs 2 Optional Foot Switch 3 Optional BC 1 Breath Con troller 4 Headphones 5 MIDI Terminals 6 Cassette 7 Battery AC Power Adaptor CHAPTER SETTING UP The DX100 has a single mono audio output for its tone generator channel This is labelled OUTPUT It permits sending a mono signal to either a mono or stereo sound system or a mixing console for recording or PA applications The FOOT SW phone jack is for an optional footswitch It accepts a Yamaha FC 4 or FC 5 footswitch or equivalent for portamento sustain control press for por tamento or sustain release to damp or turn portamento off Yamaha s unique BC 1 breath controller is plugged into the mini jack on the rear panel The PHONES jack accepts any standard pair of stereo headphones The audio signal is delivered to the headphones in mono Headphone volume is controlled via the VOLUME control on the top panel These terminals are used when connecting the DX100 to other MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface compatible equipment such as digital sequence re corders modular FM voice generators drum machines etc The MIDI OUT terminal transmits MIDI data from the DX100 to other MIDI equipment The MIDI OUT terminal will normally be connected to the MIDI IN terminal of the receiving equipment The MIDI IN terminal rec
11. and 401 424 Thus you have NORMAL group voices 101 424 and SHIFT group voices 101 424 To access the 24 voice INTERNAL memory enter the INTERNAL PLAY mode by pressing the INTERNAL PLAY button Next select a voice from the INTERNAL memory by pressing the corresponding voice selector button 1 24 At this point the LCD display will indicate the voice number and voice name These are preceded a indicating that the INTERNAL PLAY mode has been selected P 1 IvoryEvony 7 3 The BANK PLAY Mode In this mode you can play any of the voices currently in the DX100 s 24 voice INTERNAL memory individually The BANK PLAY mode enables you to access the 96 BANK memory locations These initially contain the first group of 96 voices from the 192 voice PRESET ROM Using the SHIFT mode however you can also access the second group of presets while in the BANK PLAY mode Later you can store any voices you like in any order in the these BANKS While in the INTERNAL PLAY mode press any of the BANK buttons BANK A BANK D This will select the appropriate BANK and the 24 voices in that bank can be selected by pressing any of the DX100 s 24 voice buttons PA 2 NewElectro The SHIFT Mode By entering the DX100 SHIFT mode while in BANK PLAY the correspondingly numbered voice from the second group SHIFT group of preset voices will be selected Note that in the BANK PLAY mode this only applies to voices which
12. the volume produced when DX100 keys are pressed will decrease 13 FREQUENCY RATIO OSCILLATOR FREQ RATIO POLY MONO These parameters determine the actual frequency of each operator For operators which function as carriers this determines the actual pitch of the sound produced For operators functioning as modulators this determines the harmonic spectrum of the sound produced Each operator can be set to any of 64 different frequency ratios as follows DX100 OPERATOR FREQUENCY RATIOS 0 50 0 71 0 78 0 87 1 00 1 41 1 57 1 73 2 00 2 82 3 00 3 14 3 46 4 00 4 24 4 71 5 00 5 19 5 65 6 00 6 28 6 92 7 00 7 07 7 85 8 00 8 48 8 65 9 00 9 42 9 89 10 00 10 38 10 99 11 00 11 30 12 00 12 11 12 56 12 72 13 00 13 84 14 00 14 10 14 13 15 00 15 55 15 57 15 70 16 96 17 27 17 30 18 37 18 84 19 03 19 78 20 41 20 76 21 20 21 98 22 49 23 55 24 22 25 95 These frequency ratios have been carefully chosen as the most useful for voice programming A ratio of 1 00 sets the selected operator to standard pitch a pitch of 440 Hz will be produced when the A3 A above middle C key is pressed A ratio of 0 50 produces a pitch one octave lower and a ratio of 2 00 produces a pitch one octave higher than standard pitch and so on The fractional ratios 1 73 for example produce extremely complex waveforms when combined with operators set to other ratios permitting the creation of an unlimited variety of sound effects including extremely realistic bells ex
13. 2 OMNI ON MONO 0 Yes Mode 3 OMNI OFF POLY Mode 4 OMNI OFF MONO x No o gt gt e gt o gt gt as po as gt a po as c oe oe YAMAHA DATA NAME VOICE FUNCTION DATA DATE NUMBER PROGRAMMER PMD AMO SYNC PITCH EG BIAS KEY ASS MODULATION SENSITIVITY VELOCITY pR jou OSCILLATOR mum GENERATOR FOOT SW WHEEL RANGE GE ASSIGN 57 DATA NAME PROGRAMMER No VOICE NAME REMARKS 1 20 21 22 23 24 58 FCC INFORMATION USA While the following statements are provided to comply with FCC Regulations in the United States the corrective measures listed below are applicable worldwide This series of Yamaha professional music equipment uses frequencies that appear in the radio frequency range and if in stalled in the immediate proximity of some types of audio or video devices within three meters interference may occur This series of Yamaha professional music equipment has been type tested and found the comply with the specifications set for a class B computing device in accordance with those specifica tions listed in subpart J of part 15 of the FCC rules Those rules are designed to pr
14. 3 The Voice Parameters 4 Headphones 3 4 STORING Voice 2 EMIL RR 5 Two Approaches to Creating Your Own Voices 556 aaa 7 Battery AC Power Adaptor css 3 CHAPTER VOICE PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE 8 Power ON Low Battery LED Indicator 4 GENERAL Cee eee 1 DATA FORMAT t When using dry baies E nm s CHAPTER Il PLAYING THE 00 6 3 Reception Conditions accion aaa 1 DX100 Voice Memory 6 4 Reception hi RM Pt nah 5 System Exclusive Data aaa e UG The SHIFT Mode 9 VOICE FUNCTION DATA ss 4 The 192 Voice PRESET 9 O b mas 10 lll THE FUNCTION MODE 1 eee the FUNCTION 11 2 Entering Function Data 3 The Performance Parameters 4 Tuning FUNCHONS a 1 5 Memory Management Function
15. OFF status the group of four 1s or Os the currently selected voice parameter and the currently selected operator The latter in the series applies only to parameters that deal with individual operators You will note also a capital letter E at the left side of the LCD This indicates that you are in the EDIT mode but that the voice has not yet been altered i e it is an unedited voice The last voice selected in the PLAY mode will be selected for editing The individual voice parameters are then selected by pressing the corresponding voice buttons all edit parameters are printed in purple above the voice buttons The selected parameter is then programmed using the DATA ENTRY slider or 1 1 buttons The individual parameters will be described in detail below Once the EDIT mode has been called and a parameter change has been made a small letter will appear at the left side of the LCD indicating that editing is in progress You can play the DX100 keys and listen to how parameter changes are affecting the voice as you edit In many cases you will be editing an existing voice and will want to compare the sound of the edited voice with the original voice This is done simply by pressing the EDIT COMPARE button again The small letter e at the left side of the LCD will change to a C indicating that the COMPARE mode has been activated and that the voice you will now hear is the original voice before editing the parameters display
16. amount of LFO modulation is applied to the selected voice LFO modulation can be made to modulate the amplitude level of specified voice elements operators producing a range of tremolo or timbre modulation wah wah type effects This function is used to set the maximum depth of modulation that can be applied using the modulation wheel The actual effect produced depends on the settings of the LFO parameters these will be discussed in CHAPTER IV VOICE PRO GRAMMING Note however that the appropriate voice AMPLITUDE MODU LATION SENSITIVITY parameter must be set to a value higher than 0 for amplitude modulation to be effective The voice AMPLITUDE MODULATION SENSITIVITY parameter will also be discussed in CHAPTER IV The data range is from 0 to 99 At 0 amplitude modulation is OFF and rotating the modulation wheel will cause no amplitude modulation to be applied to the voice A setting of 99 produces the greatest possible pitch modulation depth Data is entered using the DATA ENTRY slider or buttons Once this function is called subsequent presses on the 19 button will increment the data value The Yamaha Breath Controller The optional Yamaha BC 1 breath controller is a unique way of adding musical expression as you play the DX100 keyboard The BC 1 is held in the like the mouthpiece of a wind instrument Blowing harder or softer into the BC 1 mouthpiece produces a corresponding effect The breath controller can be use
17. as its volume envelope Most acoustic instruments also have a timbre envelope in which the harmonic 27 content of the note changes the timbre changes from the time the note is initiated to the time it decays Each of the 4 operators available in DX100 can be programmed with its own en velope The envelope applied to a carrier will generally contribute to the overall volume envelope of the note while an envelope applied to a modulator will con tribute to the timbre envelope of the note Here is a copy of the envelope diagram printed to the right of the algorithm diagrams on the DX100 panel BASIC CURVE D1R rate of first decay AR lattack rate D2R rate of second decay D1L level at end of first decay RR release rate Key on Key off This envelope diagram can be used as a guide in visualizing DX100 envelope settings while you program or edit a voice Each envelope generator can be programmed with five different parameters AT TACK RATE AR DECAY 1 RATE D1R DECAY 1 LEVEL D1L DECAY 2 RATE D2R and RELEASE RATE The RATE parameters determine how fast the envelope moves from one level to the next The term LEVEL is used rather than volume because the envelope of the operator you re working on could affect volume or timbre depending on whether it is a carrier or a modulator Any note begins at zero level when you press a key then begins to approach maximum EG level at a rate dete
18. for each set in a performance To enter the BANK EDIT function press the FUNCTION button followed by the BANK EDIT button The LCD will respond with Edit BANK Reaffirm your in tention to complete the process by pressing the 1 button The LCD will again respond this time with BANK A D Select a BANK for editing and in suc cession the button corresponding to the voice you want to change Now select a new voice for that position by using the DATA ENTRY slider or the 1 1 buttons Finally you may select an additional voice to change or press INTERNAL PLAY to exit the BANK EDIT function E oa EDIT BANK YES YES ON gt EU The following diagram shows approximately where in the DATA ENTRY control range the INTERNAL and PRESET voices are located IN NORMAL MODE IN SHIFT MODE NORMAL MODE PRESETS SHIFT MODE PRESETS 101 424 101 gt 424 INTERNAL RAM 1 24 L INTERNAL RAM 1 24 Li MIN DATA ENTRY NOTE The BANK memories are not actually loaded with the voice data but the voice number Thus when a BANK memory location is selected the voice corre sponding to the voice number stored in that location is called from its memory in either the INTERNAL or PRESET memories 9 CASSETTE SAVE VERIFY SAVEIVERIEY CASSETTE This function actually incorporates two sub functions SAVE and VERIFY After calling this function subsequent presses on the 9 button alternate betwee
19. have been stored in the BANK memory from the 192 voice PRESET memory Voices stored in the BANK from the 24 voice INTERNAL memory will not change when the SHIFT mode is selected To enter the SHIFT mode hold down the INTERNAL PLAY button and press the 1 button To return to the NORMAL mode hold down the INTERNAL PLAY button and press the 1 button Ag 4 The 192 Voice PRESET Memory The DX100 comes with 192 different pre programmed voices in an internal ROM Read Only Memory These voiced can be loaded singly into the DX100 s selectable 24 voice INTERNAL memory or into any location in the DX100 bank memory THE 192 PRESET ROM VOICES NORMAL MODE VOICES Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 01 lvoryEbony 01 Sold Brass 01 Synth 01 Glocken 02 piano 02 Synthe Bass 02 Clav 2 03 Honkey Tonk 03 Mono Bass 03 gt gt WOW lt lt 03 Steel Drums c o 04 Elec Grand 04 Elec Bass a 04 Metal Keys 04 Tube Bells 3 05 Pianobells 05 Fretless 05 lPickPluck 05 Templegong 06 Acous Elec 06 Horns 06 S H Synth 06 Good Vibes 07 Old Electro 07 Flugelhorn a 07 Heavysynth 07 Racing Car e 08 Harmosolo i 08 NewElectro 08 Hard Brass s 08 Helicopter ta i i 09 09 Feed Lead gt o9 Alarm Call 09 HighTimes
20. have edited of the above voice parameters and wish to store the new voice you must use the STORE function BEFORE PRESSING ANY VOICE BUTTON AFTER EXITING THE EDIT OR FUNCTION MODES and store the new data in one of the 24 INTERNAL memories For this reason it is a good idea to have a free memory location ready before you begin editing If you are editing and storing a voice to INTERNAL memory that was originally selected from PRESET memory you can still recall the original PRESET memory voice at any time PRESET memory will never change NOTE If the INTERNAL memory contains your own original voices make sure that any voices you want to keep have been saved to cassette tape so that they can be recalled later To STORE a newly edited voice first exit the EDIT mode by pressing the PLAY mode button Then hold down the STORE button this is the same as the EG COPY button and press the voice button to which you want to save the edited voice data The MEMORY PROTECT function must be OFF before attempting to use the STORE function Mem Store gt Y P1 Mono Sax There are two basic approaches that be taken when programming voices the DX100 First you can run through all the existing voices choose one that is close to the sound you wish to create and then edit that voice to create your own Second you can initialize the voice edit buffer see CHAPTER MEMORY MANAGEMENT 1 The Initialize Voice Fu
21. pressed e1111 AMS 3 0000 11 EG BIAS SENSITIVITY EG BIAS This sets the operator s sensitivity to EG BIAS effects applied via the breath con troller EG bias changes the overall output level from the operator The harder you blow into the breath controller the higher the maximum envelope level When EG BIAS is applied to a carrier via the breath controller the result is volume expression control Applied to a modulator the result is brilliance control The data range is from 0 to 7 At 0 EG BIAS sensitivity is OFF and no EG BIAS 33 effects can be applied to the selected operators A setting of 7 produces maximum sensitivity and therefore maximum effect depth 1111 EBS 7 12 KEY VELOCITY KEY VELOCITY While the DX100 has no key velocity sensitivity of its own its voice generators will accept key velocity data from an external MIDI controller keyboard which does have this feature This function determines the sensitivity of each operator to keyboard velocity sensitivity data from an external keyboard connected to the DX100 MIDI IN terminal key velocity sensitivity the harder you play a key the louder the note Timbre variations are produced when keyboard sensitivity is applied to a modulator The data range is from 0 to 7 At 0 key velocity sensitivity for the selected operator is OFF A setting of 7 produces the highest sensitivity and therefore the greatest effect If KEY VELOCITY is set to other than 0
22. when the MEMORY PROTECT function is OFF The received voice data is stored in the 24 RAM voice memory locations Voices numbered 25 anf higher will be ignored The MIDI RECEIVED display appears to confirm complete reception of voice bulk data 5 Dump Request Status 11110000 Fn ID no 0100001 1 43 Substatus ch no 0010nnnn 2n Format Offfffff f23 4 EOX 11110111 F7 Received only when MIDI SYS INFO is ON When received the bulk data corre sponding to the received format code will be dumped via MIDI OUT f 3 1 voice bulk data f 4 32 voice bulk data 52 5 1 VOICE DATA VMEM format 5 System Exclusive Data Parameter no P Parameter ATTACK RATE DECAY 1 RATE DECAY 2 RATE RELEASE RATE DECAY 1 LEVEL KEYBOARD SCALING LEVEL AMPLITUDE MODULATION ENABLE EG BIAS SENSITIVITY KEY VELOCITY OUTPUT LEVEL OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY KEYBOARD SCALING RATE DETUNE SAME AS FOR OP4 SAME AS FOR OP4 SAME AS FOR OP4 40 SYNC FEEDBACK LEVEL ALGORITHM 41 LFO SPEED 42 LFO DELAY 43 PITCH MODULATION DEPTH 44 AMPLITUDE MODULATION DEPTH 45 PITCH MODULATION SENSITIVITY AMPLITUDE MODULATION SENSITIVITY LFO WAVE 46 TRANSPOSE 47 PITCH BEND RANGE 48 CHORUS SWITCH PLAY MODE SUSTAIN FOOT SWITCH PORTAMENTO FOOT SWITCH PORTAMENTO MODE 49 PORTAMENTO TIME 50 FOOT VOLUME RANGE 51 MODULATION WHEEL PITCH MODULATION RANGE 52 MODULATION WHEEL AMPLITUDE MODULATION RANGE 53 B
23. with initialized voice parameters 48 3 Reception Conditions SFE 1 8n 9n Bn 40 En Bn 01 Bn 02 OMNI OFF O O OFF ou B Bn 05 CH ON MID INFO oN Bn 41 Cn MEMORY PROTECT OFF Bn 07 ACTIVE SENSING NOTE OFF NOTE ON OFF SUSTAIN SWITCH PITCH BENDER MODULATION WHEEL BREATH CONTROL PORTAMENTO TIME VOLUME PORTAMENTO SWTCH PROGRAM CHANGE SFO 43 1n 08 PARAMETER CHANGE SWITCH REMOTE O SFO 43 0n 04 32 VOICE BULK SYS oN 543 1n 12 PARAMETER CHANGE INFO SFO 43 0n 203 VOICE BULK SFO 43 2n 503 VOICE BULK DUMP REQUEST SFO 43 2n 04 32 VOICE BULK DUMP REQUEST Bn 7B SBn 7F Bn 7E 49 ALL NOTE OFF MONO MODE POLY MODE 4 Reception Data All MIDI data is received when the MIDI ON OFF function is ON When a specific MIDI receive channel has been selected using the MIDI R CH fuction and the OMNI mode is OFF MIDI data will be recieved only on the specified channel MIDI data will be received on all channels when the OMNI mode is ON 4 1 Channel Information 4 1 1 Channel Voice Message 1 Key Off Status 1000nnnn 8n n channel Note Okkkkkkk k 0 C 2 127 G8 Velocity 00000000 00 2 Key On Off Status 1001nnnn 9n Note no Okkkkkkk k 0 C 2 127 G8 Velocity Ovvvvvvv v 0 key off v 1 127 key on The key on note le
24. 8 function as carriers Note that no modulation can occur in this algorithm except for the feedback loop on operator 4 we ll discuss that later But algorithm 8 is ideal for creating rich organ voices think of each operator as different organ stops which can be mixed together as desired The algorithm alone however does not determine the actual sound of the voice The vital characteristics of the voice you create depend mostly on the frequencies and levels you program into each operator The 8 algorithms provided in the DX100 were specially selected because they offer the broadest range of voice programming possibilities The results of using different frequency ratios as well as different algorithms are shown graphically in the accompanying illustration In the left column you see the waveforms created by 1 1 2 1 and 3 1 ratios between one modulator and one carrier In the right column you see the waveforms which result from the same three ratios but when the two operators used are both carriers connected horizontally this is known as additive synthesis FM SYNTHESIS ADDITIVE SYNTHESIS Modulator and carrier combinations Carrier and carrier combinations Frequency ratio of modulator to carrier equals 1 1 Frequency ratio of 2 operators 1 1 Carrier 1 1 OP 2 Camer or Modulator Frequency ratio of modulator to carrier equals 2 1 Ti 2 OP 2 Carrier or Modulator Frequency ratio of modulato
25. CH BEND RANGE PITCH BEND RANGE This function sets the pitch range of the pitch bend wheel located to the left of the DX100 panel The pitch bend wheel automatically centers at normal pitch It then may be moved upward away from the player to raise the pitch or moved downward toward the player to lower the pitch by the specified amount The Pitch Bend direction can also be reversed Hold down the PITCH B MODE SET button while switching the DX100 power ON This provides the same depth of effect but in the opposite direction of wheel movement which can be useful in performance situations The data range is from 0 to 12 At 0 the pitch bend wheel is off Each increment between 1 and 12 represents a semitone I e the pitch variation between any white key and a black key immediately next to it Thus if this function is set to 12 maximum travel of the pitch bend wheel either above or below center position produces a one octave pitch variation The DATA ENTRY slider and 1 1 buttons can be used to enter data Once the PITCH BEND RANGE function is called subsequent presses on the 14 button will increment increase the data value PITCH B MODE MODE SET E MODE SET This function button located immediately above the DATA ENTRY 1 button offers a choice of three pitch bend wheel modes Low High and Kon In the Low mode the pitch bend wheel affects only the lowest note played on the keyboard In other words if a chord is played th
26. EFORE turning the main amplifier system on This will prevent the initial power on shock surge from possibly damaging your amplifier and speaker system The DX100 features a Power ON LED indicator located immediately to the right of the LCD indicator on the top panel It glows when the Power switch on the rear panel is turned ON Additionally it flashes to warn of low battery power should such an occasion arise batteries provide approximately 10 hours of continual use An LCD Contrast Control located on the back panel immediately behind the LCD indicator is provided in the DX100 to provide a clearly visible readout under most lighting circumstances It is possible to change the Welcome to DX message which appears when the power is first switched ON to anything you like your name for example To change the ID hold the KEY SHIFT button while turning the power ON The current ID message will be displayed with a cursor over the first character Welcome to DX The cursor can then be moved to any character position on the display by suc cessively pressing the KEY SHIFT button Welcome to DX gt Choose the position to enter a new character then using the DATA ENTRY slider or buttons select the new character from the available character set VOICE NAME CHARACTERS SPACE 1 z amp x 0123456789 21 22 70ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTU VWXYZ Y _ abcdefghiykimnonpg rstuvwxyzlli
27. ERS SPACE amp x 0123456789 2 gt A2ABCDEFGHISKLMNOPQRSTU VwXxYz Y abcdefghijkimnopqaq rstuvwxyzlli I DATA ENTRY KEY SET KEY SET During either of the normal DX100 play modes pressing the KEY SHIFT button instantly transposes the pitch of the entire DX100 keyboard up or down to a key programmed using this function When KEY SHIFT is engaged the letter K will appear at the left side of the LCD display until the KEY SHIFT button is pressed again returning the keyboard to normal pitch Pressing this button in the FUNCTION mode permits a shift to the desired pitch when the KEY SHIFT button is pressed while in either of the play modes The transpose range for the KEY SHIFT function is plus or minus two octaves The data range is from 24 to 24 with 0 corresponding to standard keyboard pitch Each increment corresponds to a shift in pitch of one semitone a setting of 2 would therefore raise the pitch of the entire keyboard a whole step Immediately after calling the KEY SET function data can be entered simply by pressing a key on the keyboard within a plus minus two octave range of C3 middle C The pressed key then assumes the pitch of C3 and all other keys are adjusted accordingly Pressing the A2 key for example produces a setting of 3 Pressing a key higher than C5 results in a 24 setting This method of data entry can only 16 4 Tuning Functions 5 Memory Management Functions be used
28. IDI receive buffer will be cleared and the currently output note will be turned OFF 4 2 2 System Exclusive Message 1 Parameter Change switch mode Status 11110000 F0 ID no 01000011 43 Substatus ch no 0001nnnn in n channel no Parameter group no 00001000 08 Switch no Ommmmm Data Oddddddd d 0 OFF 1 127 ON EOX 11110111 F7 All panel switches are controlled The switch numbers are arranged as shown in the illustration below Received only when MIDI SYS INFO is ON par Eg f EO ED DC mono 83435 2611271 2910271 m HER 2 Parameter Change The format is the same as the transmitted parameter change data Received only when MIDI SYS INFO is ON Permits changing voice and function parameters while the EDIT mode is active It is also possible to change modes PLAY EDIT etc The parameter no and data received are show in voice parameter table 5 2 and function parameter table 5 3 51 3 1 Voice Bulk Data Received only when MIDI SYS INFO is ON The format is the same as for the transmitted 1 voice bulk data The 93 voice data bytes are read into the voice edit buffer replacing the current voice data The 93 received data bytes are show in voice parameter table 5 2 CHORUS FOOT VOLUME RANGE and PEG data are ignored 4 32 Voice Bulk Data Received only when MIDI SYS INFO is ON The format is the same as for the transmitted 32 voice bulk data This data can be received only
29. LFO speed 0 0008 Hz and 99 corresponds to the fastest LFO speed 55 Hz e1111 LFS 20 31 5 LFO DELAY DELAY Permits setting a delay of between 0 and approximately 10 7 seconds before the LFO modulation effect begins after a key is played This is particularly useful for simulating brass instruments human voice etc in which a vibrato effect is gradually applied after the note has been initiated The data range is from 0 to 99 At 0 there is no delay and a setting of 99 produces an initial delay of approximately 10 7 seconds which slowly increases over a period of 10 7 seconds With longer delay settings the modulation effect begins gradually for a remarkably natural sound 1111 LFD 30 6 LFO PMD PMD This parameter sets the depth of pitch variation simultaneously produced by LFO modulation for all operators This function is independent from pitch modulation produced by the modulation wheel and breath controller and is always ON once set The data range is from 0 to 99 At 0 pitch modulation is OFF and a setting of 99 produces the greatest pitch variation dependent on the PITCH MODULATION SENSITIVITY setting described below 9 When the PITCH MODULATION SENSITIVITY parameter is set to maximum 7 the maximum pitch variation PM DEPTH 99 will be 800 cents Even if this parameter is set to 0 pitch modulation can still be applied via the modulation wheel or breath controller 7 LFO AMD AMD This paramet
30. Move the cursor to the next character position and enter the next character as described above When your new ID message complete simply press any button other than the KEY SHIFT DATA ENTRY STORE or FUNCTION buttons to enter the normal operation mode The new ID message you have entered will now be displayed every time you turn the instrument ON Insert 6 AA size dry batteries optional Remove the cover at the rear of the main 11 When using dry unit and set the batteries while checking the polarity When doing so be sure to set the ribbon for removing batteries under the second one from the left batteries After inserting the dry batteries replace the cover of the battery case AC power operation When operating this unit on AC power it is recommended to use an economical AC adapter optional DX100 CONNECTIONS HEADPHONES BREATH SN CONTROLLER Q To MIDI EQUIPMENT DIRECT OUTPUT OF FROM MIDI AC ADAPTOR SIGNAL RECEIVED EQUIPMENT 1210 AT MIDI IN MIDI THRU MIDIOUT MIDI IN CONTRAST CONTROLLER BLACK not used SOUND SYSTEM CHAPTER Il PLAYING THE DX100 T LFO ALGORITHM FEEDBACK WAVE SPEED eret Tt oer wow NI et Er m in SENSITIVITY SYNG AMPLITUDE EG BIAS KEY VELOCITY a ll MASTER ON OFF CHANNEL CH I
31. NAL memory using the EDIT BANK function The 192 voice PRESET memory This is a read only memory which contains 192 FM voices These are organized into two groups of 96 voices each The first group is accessible in the NORMAL 2 The INTERNAL PLAY Mode mode while the second group is accessed in the SHIFT mode these modes will be described below These voices may be selected and stored in the BANK or INTERNAL memories as desired They can also be directly accessed and played using the PRESET SEARCH function The chart below shows the overall DX100 voice memory configuration The VOICE EDIT BUFFER is a special memory into which a voice is called when selected Whether you select a voice from the INTERNAL memory the BANK memory or the PRESET memory it is placed in the VOICE EDIT BUFFER from which it can be played edited stored in another memory location or saved onto cassette BACKUP VOICE BUFFER COMPARE EDIT RECALL INITIAL VOICE PARAMETERS INIT VOICE VOICE EDIT BUFFER FM TONE GENERATOR BANK PLAY 96 VOICE BANK MEMORY BANK A BANK B BANK C BANK D LOAD SINGLE 192 VOICE PRESET MEMORY NORMAL MODE GROUP 101 424 SHIFT MODE GROUP 101 424 EDIT BANK 1424 NOTE The voices in the PRESET memory are numbered as follows each group of 96 voices the NORMAL group and the SHIFT group is further subdivided into four groups of 24 voices each 101 124 201 224 301 324
32. NFO SYS INFO RECAUL EDIT LOAD LOAD SINGLE MEMORY TUNE ADJ MIDI CHANNEL LEO VOICE BANK CASSETTE OSCILLATOR OPERATOR KEYBOARD SCALING FREQ RATIO DETUNE OUT LEVEL RATE LEVEL TRANSPOS E E E 6806 3873 E05 eS POLY MONO DES BEND MO GE NS 1 DX100 Voice Memory Configuration FOOT SW AMPLITUDE PITCH AMPLITUDE PITCH BIAS EG BIAS VOICE NAME ASSIGN WHEEL RANGE BREATH RANGE CURSOR 0 100 has three different voice memories which serve different purposes They The 24 voice INTERNAL memory This voice memory is used for quick selection of voices for performance and it is to this memory that original voices you have edited or programmed are initially stored Cassette LOAD and STORE operations are also carried out to and from the 24 voice INTERNAL memory Voices from the 192 voice PRESET memory may also be stored in the INTERNAL memory The 96 voice BANK memory 4 BANKS x 24 voices each The BANK memory incorporates four 24 voice BANKS A B C and D The BANK is most useful for storing groups of voices you have arranged for specific purposes The different banks may be programmed with different voice groups you need for different sets in a performance you can categorize your voices into BANKS i e piano type voices in one bank brass in another etc any combination you like The BANK can be loaded with voices from the PRESET memory described below or from the INTER
33. REATH CONTROL PITCH MODULATION RANGE 54 BREATH CONTROL AMPLITUDE MODULATION RANGE 55 BREATH CONTROL PITCH BIAS RANGE 56 BREATH CONTROL EG BIAS RANGE 57 VOICE NAME 1 66 VOICE 10 67 PITCH RATE 1 68 DUX 69 3 70 LEVEL 1 71 2 72 3 used 53 5 2 VOICE PARAMETERS VCED format ATTACK RATE DECAY 1 RATE DECAY 2 RATE RELEASE RATE DECAY 1 LEVEL KEYBOARD SCALING LEVEL KEYBOARD SCALING RATE EG BIAS SENSITIBITY AMPLITUDE MODULATION ENABLE KEY VELOCITY OUTPUT LEVEL OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY DETUNE SAME AS FOR OP4 SAME AS FOR OP4 SAME AS FOR OP4 ALGORITHM FEEDBACK LEVEL LFO SPEED LFO DELAY PITCH MODULAITON DEPTH AMPLITUDE MODULATION DEPTH LFO SYNC LFO WAVE PITCH MODULATION SENSITIVITY AMPLITUDE MODULATION SENSITIVITY TRANSPOSE PLAY MODE POLY MONO PITCH BEND RANGE PORTAMENTO MODE PORTAMENTO TIME FOOT VOLUME RANGE SUSTAIN FOOT SWITCH PROTAMENT FOOT SWITCH CHORUS SWITCH MODULATION WHEEL PITCH MODULATION RANGE MODULATION WHEEL AMPLITUDE MODULATION RANGE BREATH CONTROL PITCH MODULATION RANGE BREATH CONTROL AMPLITUDE MODULATION RANGE BREATH CONTROL PITCH BIAS RANGE BREATH CONTROL EG BIAS RANGE VOICE NAME 1 VOICE NAME 10 PITCH EG RATE 1 2 3 LEVEL 54 ALG FBL LFS LFD PMD AMD SYNC LW PAMS AMS MID C Poly Mide P Bend Range Full T Porta Porta Time Foot Sw Foot Sw MW Pitch MW Ampli BC Pitch BC Ampli BC P Bias BC E Bias 32 127
34. YES cl F Init Voice YES ALGORITHM e1111 ALG 1 If you now play a note you will hear a sine wave Selecting the Algorithm hi this voice there are two distinct sound components the main piano decay sound and a percussive attack ping For this purpose we ll use algorithm 5 which has two separate vertical stacks of two operators each The ALGORITHM parameter has already been called so select algorithm 5 using the DATA ENTRY controls NO YES fellil ALG 5 DATA ENTRY Turn Operators 3 and 4 OFF We ll start by programming the main piano sound using the left operator stack in algorithm five operators 1 and 2 Turn operators 3 and 4 OFF using the corre sponding OPERATOR AMS ON OFF buttons OPERATOR AMS ON OFF 3 4 w 1100 41055 Since the voice has been initialized the output level of operator 1 will be set at 90 and that of operator 2 will be 0 so at the moment we only hear the sound from operator 1 40 STEP 4 STEP 5 STEP 6 STEP 7 STEP 8 Set the OP1 carrier EG Select the ENVELOPE GENERATOR AR parameter and select operator 1 by pressing the OPERATOR SELECT button ENVELOPE GENERATOR OPERATOR p E les AR 31 We want an instantaneous attack so AR should be set at 31 Select the D1R parameter and set to 10 for a relatively slow initial decay Select the D1L parameter and set to 10 Select the D2R parameter and set to 8 Select the RR parameter a
35. able portamento modes only if the MONO note output mode is selected The DATA ENTRY or 1 1 buttons can also be used to select the desired portamento mode 16 PORTAMENTO TIME TIME This function sets the speed of the portamento effect The data range is from 0 to 99 At 0 portamento is off A setting of 99 produces the longest portamento effect Data can be entered using the DATA ENTRY slider and 1 1 buttons Once the PORTAMENTO TIME function has been called subsequent presses on the 16 PORTAMENT TIME buttons will increment the data value 17 FOOT SWITCH ASSIGN FOOT SW ASSIGN This function selects SUSTAIN or PORTAMENTO footswitch operation for the Yamaha FC 4 or FC 5 footswitch plugged into the rear panel footswitch jack Depending upon which of the two functions has been called via the 17 button select using 1 1 buttons the footswitch when pressed will operate corre spondingly When it is not pressed the selected effect is OFF The PORTAMENTO function parameters are adjustable via the PORTAMENTO MODE and ENTO TIME buttons 15 and 16 respectively In the SUSTAIN mode the foot switch will sustain notes played to the limit set by the ENVELOPE GENERATOR D2R parameter see 18 D2R this chapter when it is set to a rate other than 0 even though the keys have been released If the EG D2R is set to 0 then the 011 level will be maintained until the footswitch is released 18 MODULATION WHEEL RANGE PITCH
36. ains power to the DX100 is turned ON The 1 1 buttons and DATA ENTRY control are used to turn MEMORY PROTECT on or off ON OFF CHANNEL CH INFO SYS INFO MIDI This group of functions deals with parameters which control the transmission and reception of MIDI data via the DX100 s MIDI OUT and MIDI IN terminals This section will describe how each parameter is programmed while actual operational details will depend entirely on the type of MIDI equipment with which the DX100 will be used 2 MIDI ON OFF ON OFF MIDI This function turns transmission and reception via the DX100 s MIDI terminals on or off When on the DX100 can transmit or receive MIDI data to or from external MIDI equipment When off no MIDI data interchange is possible This function is turned on or off using the 1 1 buttons or DATA ENTRY slider 3 CHANNEL CHANNEL The DX100 is capable of receiving or transmitting data on any of the 16 available MIDI channels or receiving in the OMNI mode which enables reception on all channels simultaneously This function is used to set the desired MIDI receive or transmit channel or activate the OMNI receive mode The receive or transmit channel 22 is normally set to match the transmission or reception channel of the MIDI equipment to which the DX100 is connected Data is entered using the DATA ENTRY control or 1 1 buttons Subsequent presses on the CHANNEL button call the Omni on off Midi 1 16 and Mi
37. arameters ENVELOPE GENERATOR 35 The following EG curves show the parameters for some common instruments PIANO E G CURVE ORGAN E G CURVE AR 31 Key on Key off Key on Key off BRASS E G CURVE Key on Key off 20 OPERATOR OUT LEVEL OPERATOR OUT LEVEL Permits setting the output level of the selected operator The data range is from 0 to 99 At 0 the operator is OFF A setting of 99 produces maximum output level from the selected operator Varying the output level of an operator functioning as a carrier results in a change in the overall level of the sound contributed to the voice by that operator Varying the output level of an operator functioning as a modulator results in a change in the harmonic spectrum produced by the carrier thereby changing the timbre of the sound Data is entered using the DATA ENTRY slider or buttons e1111 OUT 99 OP3 21 RATE SCALING KEYBOARD RATE This parameter makes it possible to gradually shorten the overall envelope length increase EG rate as higher notes on the keyboard are played This is particularly useful for simulating the sound of stringed instruments such as piano or guitar in which the envelope of the higher notes is noticeably shorter than the lower notes 1111 RS 3 36 4 Storing Voice Data 5 Two Approaches to Creating Your Own Voices OPERATOR OPERATOR AMS ON OFF 1 If you
38. ce can be precisely controlled In addition since each operator has its own envelope generator and a sophisticated one too the harmonic structure of a note can be programmed to vary over time just as a plucked string changes its overtones as the note decays Depending on the selected algorithm operators can be stacked vertically connected horizontally or both In the vertical arrangement when the output of one operator is connected to the input of another the result is modulation By convention the operator at the bottom of a stack of operators is known as a carrier All operators in the same stack above the carrier are modulators By increasing the output level of one or more modulators feeding a carrier the number of harmonics in the resultant sound is increased its bandwidth is increased making it more brilliant 25 OUT Most algorithms have multiple modulators and carriers In one algorithm a given operator may be a carrier while in the next it might function as a modulator the only difference being how it is connected In algorithm number 5 for example there are two vertical stacks of two operators and the outputs of the carriers in these stacks are connected in parallel horizontally Algorithm 5 has an equal number of modulators and carriers two modulators and two carriers ALGORITHM 5 MODULATOR OP 2 EN MODULATOR CARRIER OP 1 CARRIER OUT On the other hand all operators in algorithm
39. ch it can be stored in any voice location using the STORE function Make sure the MEMORY PROTECT function 12 is OFF before using the LOAD SINGLE function When this function is initially called the LCD will read Load Single Press the 1 button to go onto the next step The LCD will now read Tape to BUFF You must now enter the voice number of the voice you wish to load from cassette do this by pressing the corresponding voice memory selector button The selected voice number will appear in the LCD display Then make sure the appropriate cassette is loaded in the cassette recorder and is rewound to the beginning of the voice file containing the desired voice press the 1 button and start the cassette recorder running in the PLAY mode The DX100 will automatically locate the selected voice and load it into the voice edit buffer while the LCD reads Search Tape followed by the tape number When finished the display will read Load Completed The LOAD SINGLE function can be interrupted by pressing the 1 button Doing this may however result in garbled voice data in the DX100 s voice edit buffer The loaded voice may now be stored into any voice location by holding down the STORE button while pressing the voice button This must be done before another voice button is pressed if you desire to keep the loaded voice in memory Otherwise the loaded voice data in the voice edit buffer will be erased and replaced by the voice data call
40. chords across the range of the keyboard At this point the upper range notes are a little to loud and tinny for proper overall keyboard balance Select the KEYBOARD LEVEL SCALING PARAMETER select OP1 and set to 20 Next select OP2 and set to 30 1111 LS 30 OP2 Try the entire keyboard range again much better overall balance 42 STEP 15 STEP 16 Add Amplitude Modulation to OP2 As a final enhancement to our voice lets add just a touch of amplitude modulation to OP2 the main piano sound modulator This will create a subtle chorus effect Select the LFO WAVE parameter set to triangle Select the LFO SPEED parameter set to 28 Select the AMD Amplitude Modulation Depth parameter set to 52 Select the MODULATION SENSITIVITY AMPLITUDE parameter set to 1 for OP2 only press the OPERATOR AMS ON OFF button Now try the voice That s it Name the new voice if you like by entering the FUNCTION mode and using the VOICE NAME function The only step that remains is to store our new voice RAM memory location Store Completed Voice in RAM Press the INTERNAL button then BEFORE DOING ANYTHING ELSE hold down the STORE button and press the voice selector to which you wish to store the new voice As a final precaution go back to the FUNCTION mode and turn 43 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS Keyboard eei Eg 49 keys Mini keybord Sound Source FM Tone Generator 4 o
41. crd 1 05 Steel Drum 2 06 Deep Grand 06 Zither 9 06 2 06 Synth Perc 07 PhaseGrand 07 Harp 1 5 07 Clav 1 07 Xylophone 1 2 08 Left Hand 08 Lute 0820 08 Xylophone 2 09 a 99 Eley Ging Scie ae 09 Mute Clav 1 a 09 Marimba c 10 E Grnd Vel 10 SynthBass1 10 Mute Clav 2 r 10 Mamarimba 11 E Piano 1 11 SynthBass2 11 LeadSynth 1 11 Glocken 2 12 E Piano 2 a 12 Pluck Bass 3 12 Cheeky 12 Vibe o b 13 E Piano 3 13 Flap Bass ea 13 RubberBand 13 Tublar Bells 14 E P String 14 Uprt Bass 14 Hollowlead 14 Bells 15 Hard Times 15 Bass 1 15 Huff Talk 15 Wild 16 16 Bass 2 16 Harmonica 1 16 511 17 Organ 1 17 Brass 3 17 Harmonica 2 17 Wave o 19 Organ 2 18 Brass 4 18 Horn 2 18 Winds x 19 ElecOrgan 19 Brass 5 19 Flute 1 2 19 Shogakko 20416842 c 20 Brass 6 20 Flute 2 R 20 Fantasy S 4 2 21 7 21 o 21 Space chime i 22 SmallPipe 22 Strings 22 Trombone 1552 rehestes 23 MidPipe 23 Strings 2 amp 23 BC1 Horns 23 Space Talk 24 BigPipe 24 Strings 3 a 24 Bassoon 24 Zing Plop The PRESET voice can also be accessed directly and played using the PRESET SEARCH function PRESET SEARCH This function allows you to directly access the voices in the PRESET memory in the order they appear in the PRESET memory PRESET SEARCH
42. d to apply varying amounts of pitch or amplitude LFO modulation just like the modulation wheel In addition it can be set up to directly affect pitch amplitude or timbre in response to breath pressure Set to directly affect amplitude EG BIAS for example the breath controller can be used to apply realistic tonguing effects to brass and other wind instrument sounds The four BREATH parameters listed below determine just how the breath controller will affect the DX100 s sound These parameters may be set individually or com bined for more complex effects 20 BREATH RANGE PITCH This function is used to set the maximum depth of LFO pitch modulation that can be applied using the breath controller The actual effect produced depends on the settings of the LFO parameters these will be discussed in CHAPTER IV VOICE PROGRAMMING Note however that the appropriate voice PITCH MODU LATION SENSITIVITY parameter must be set to a value higher than 0 for pitch modulation to be effective The voice PITCH MODULATION SENSITIVITY pa rameter will be discussed in CHAPTER IV VOICE PROGRAMMING The data range is from 0 to 99 At 0 pitch modulation is OFF and applying breath pressure to the breath controller will cause no pitch modulation to be applied to the voice A setting of 99 produces the greatest possible pitch modulation depth Data is entered using the DATA ENTRY slider and 1 1 buttons Once this function is called subsequent presses on th
43. di T 1 16 selection modes 4 CH INFO CH INFO This is the MIDI channel information button It turns transmission and reception of all MIDI BASIC EVENT DATA and OTHER EVENT DATA with the exceptions noted below ON or OFF This function is turned ON or OFF using the 1 1 buttons Data transmitted and received whether this function is OFF or ON is KEY ON OFF SUSTAIN FOOTSWITCH ON OFF PITCH BEND WHEEL POSITION MONO POLY MODE SWITCH Data received whether this function is ON or OFF is ALL NOTES OFF Data NOT transmitted when this function is OFF is MODULATION WHEEL POSITION BREATH CONTROLLER DATA DATA ENTRY CONTROLLER AND SWITCH DATA VOLUME DATA ENTRY control in PLAY mode PORTAMENTO FOOTSWITCH ON OFF PROGRAM CHANGE VOICE NUMBER DATA Data not received when this function is OFF is ALL OF THE ABOVE PORTAMENTO TIME NOTE The above MIDI data is generally common to all keyboards and equipment compatible with the MIDI system Due to differences in the features provided by some manufacturers however complete compatibility can not be guar anteed 5 SYS INFO A SYS INFO This function turns transmission and reception of MIDI SYSTEM EXCLUSIVE INFORMATION data ON or OFF The 1 1 buttons are used to turn this function ON or OFF When this function is ON voice parameter changes made in the DX100 s EDIT or FUNCTION modes are transmitted in real time If the SYS INFO but
44. dulation applied either via the LFO PMD parameter above or via the modulation wheel or breath controller The data range is from 0 to 7 At 0 no pitch modulation can be applied and at 7 the maximum pitch modulation can be achieved When LFO PMD above is set to 99 a setting of 7 produces a 800 cent pitch variation 1111 PMS 6 10 AMPLITUDE MODULATION SENSITIVITY SENSITIVITY AMPLITUDE This sets the operator s sensitivity to LFO effects applied via the LFO PMD or AMD functions or via the modulation wheel or breath controller The application of LFO modulation to a carrier results in tremolo and applied to a modulator the result is a periodic variation in timbre similar to wah effects Applied to a modulator the result is brilliance control The data range is from 0 to 3 At 0 amplitude modulation sensitivity is OFF and no LFO effects can be applied to the selected operators A setting of 3 produces maximum sensitivity and therefore maximum effect depth The operators to which modulation sensitivity is to be applied are selected using buttons BANK A through BANK D The four digits 1 or 0 the right side of the LCD correspond to operators 1 through 4 When an operator is turned ON i e able to receive amplitude modulation the corresponding digit will be a 1 When OFF the corresponding digit will be 0 The operators are turned ON and OFF al ternately each time the corresponding OPERATOR AMS ON OFF button is
45. e 20 button will increment the data value 21 BREATH RANGE AMPLITUDE AMPLITUDE This function is used to set the maximum depth of LFO amplitude modulation that can be applied using the breath controller The actual effect produced depends on the settings of the LFO parameters these will be discussed in CHAPTER IV VOICE PROGRAMMING Note however that the appropriate voice AMPLITUDE MODULATION SENSITIVITY parameter must be set to a value higher than 0 for amplitude modulation to be effective The voice AMPLITUDE MODULATION MINCE M parameter will be discussed in CHAPTER IV VOICE PROGRAM The data range is from 0 to 99 At 0 amplitude modulation is OFF and applying breath pressure to the breath controller will cause no amplitude modulation to be applied to the voice A setting of 99 produces the greatest possible pitch modulation depth Data is entered using the DATA ENTRY slider or 1 1 buttons Once this function is called subsequent presses on the 21 button will increment the data value 22 BREATH RANGE PITCH BIAS PITCH BIAS This function permits breath pressure applied to the BC 1 breath controller to directly control the pitch of the voice In other words the LFO has no effect Only your breath pressure directly affects the pitch of the voice The data range is from 0 to 99 At 50 pitch bias is OFF A setting of 99 permits a 4 octave pitch increase and a setting of 0 permits a 4 octave pitch decrease to be produced throu
46. e are subject to change without notice MIDI DATA FORMAT 1 Transmission Conditions ACTIVE SENSING NOTE ON OFF SUSTAIN SWITCH PITCH BENDER POLY MODE MONO MODE MODULATION WHEEL BREATH CONTROLER DATA ENTRY SLIDER VOLUME DATA ENTRY SLIDER PLAY MODE PORTAMENTO SWITCH PROGRAM CHANGE PARAMETER CHANGE VOICE BULK 32 VOICE BULK SFE 9n CH INFO Bn 40 En Bn 7E Bn 7F Bn 01 Bn 02 CH INFO Bn 06 OFF Bn 07 oN Bn 41 OFF o_ SYS INFO ON SFO 543 Sin 12 SYS INFO SFO 43 S On 03 SFO 43 0n 04 45 0 k MIDI OUT 2 Transmission Data All MIDI data is transmitted when the MIDI ON OFF function is ON The MIDI transmission channel is determined by the setting of the MIDI T CH function 2 1 Channel Information 2 1 1 Channel Voice Message 1 Key On Off Status 1001nnnn 9n no Note no Okkkkkkk k 36 C1 84 C5 Velocity 01000000 40 Key on 00000000 00 Key off 2 Control Change Status 1011nnnn Bn no Control no Occccccc Control code Ovvvvvvv a Transmitted whether MIDI CH INFO is ON or OFF Control no Control code C264 Sustain SW V 0 OFF 127 ON C 126 POLY mode C 127 MONO mode b Transmitted when MIDI CH INFO is ON Control No Control code C 1 modulation wheel V 0 127 C 2 breath control V 0 127 C 6 data entry slider V 0 127 C 7 vol
47. e pitch bend wheel will affect only the pitch of the lowest note in the chord this makes it possible to produce some interesting effects The High mode is just the opposite only the highest note played will be affected by the pitch bend wheel In the Kon Key on mode all notes played are affected simultaneously by the pitch bend wheel The DATA ENTRY slider and 1 1 buttons or PB MODE button can be used to select the desired mode NOTE The PB MODE parameter is NOT individually programmable for each voice 12 15 PORTAMENTO MODE MODE PORTAMENTO Two different portamento modes are available Full Time Portamento and Fingered Portamento When the POLY MONO function is set to POLY button 13 only the Full Time Portamento mode is accessible In the MONO mode you have a choice between the Full Time and Fingered portamento modes 1 Full T Porta MONO and POLY modes A conventional portamento effect in which portamento occurs whenever a new note is played 2 Fingered Porta MONO mode Portamento only occurs if the previously played note is held while the next note is played This mode is useful in re creating the effect of guitar string bending techniques acoustic bass or bass guitar slide effects etc If you lift your hand off the DX100 keyboard between notes there will be no portamento effect Once the PORTAMENTO MODE function is called subsequent presses on the 15 button alternate between the two avail
48. ed by the pressed voice button NOTE Be sure to turn the MEMORY PROTECT function 12 back ON after a successful LOAD operation YES 1 Ea 9 Ego Geren eqs LOAD SINGLE ON YES x uM Search Tape 1 mb Load Completed 21 6 MIDI Functions DX21 CASSETTE LOAD NOTE If you have a voice set programmed on a Yamaha DX21 Digital Programmable Algorithm Synthesizer these voices can be transferred from data cassette into the DX100 Of course since the DX100 has 24 voice memories while the DX21 has 32 using the DX100 cassette LOAD operation will load only the first 24 voices of the DX21 32 voice set into the INTERNAL memory The other voices 25 32 can be loaded using the DX100 LOAD SINGLE function The voice numbers for voices 25 through 32 are accessed by pressing the STORE FUNCTION EDIT INTERNAL PLAY and BANK A D buttons 12 MEMORY PROTECT MEMORY PROTECT This function turns the DX100 MEMORY PROTECT function on or off When on the internal RAM voice memory cannot be altered using the STORE or CASSETTE LOAD functions The MEMORY PROTECT function does not affect the voice edit buffer so the INIT VOICE RECALL EDIT and CASSETTE LOAD SINGLE functions will operate whether MEMORY protect is on or off When this function is called the LCD will read either Protect on or Protect off according to the current state of the MEMORY PROTECT function MEMORY PROTECT is automatically turned ON each time m
49. ed on the LCD will also revert to those of the original voice You can then return to the voice being edited by pressing the EDIT COMPARE button again This can be repeated as many times as needed during the editing process The COMPARE mode can be entered from the EDIT or FUNCTION modes after at least one data change has been made to the original voice The EDIT COMPARE mode can be exited by entering the FUNCTION mode or by pressing INTERNAL PLAY and selecting another voice Please note that if you exit the EDIT COMPARE mode and then select a new voice ANY DATA YOU HAVE EDITED WILL BE ERASED This is because all editing is performed in a special edit buffer memory which is the same memory to which a voice is called when its button is pressed Note that the presence of a small letter p at the left side of the LCD means the edited voice has not been stored and will be erased if you select a new voice To save edited data you must use the STORE function to save the new data in one of the DX100 s 24 INTERNAL voice memories The STORE function will be discussed in CHAPTER IV VOICE PROGRAMMING If you do make a mistake and lose the edited data the DX100 has been provided with a special temporary buffer memory from which the lost data can be recalled assuming only one error has been made using the RECALL EDIT function The RECALL EDIT function will also be discussed in CHAPTER MEMORY MANAGEMENT 29 3 The Voice Parameters The fol
50. eives MIDI data from external MIDI equipment such as a digital sequence recorder music computer or modular FM voice generator The DX100 s MIDI IN terminal will normally be connected to the MIDI OUT terminal of the transmitting equipment The MIDI THRU terminal re transmits the data re ceived at the MIDI IN terminal Thus data received via the DX100 MIDI IN terminal can be simultaneously sent to other MIDI equipment The DIN connector end of the supplied cassette cable is plugged into the DX100 CASSETTE connector The three plugs on the other end of the cable should be connected to a cassette data recorder the kind normally used with personal computers etc as follows RED cassette deck microphone input cassette deck earphone output BLACK cassette deck remote input where applicable The DX100 operates off 6 size batteries which are inserted in the battery compartment in the bottom of the synthesizer Or insert the optional PA 1210 AC power adaptor cord into the DC IN jack located on the rear panel of the DX100 and then plug the standard 2 prong plug into an AC wall socket Be sure that your local line voltage matches that specified on the 210 You will find the POWER switch next to the DC IN jack on the rear panel of the DX100 8 Power ON Low Battery LED Indicator 9 LCD Contrast Control 10 ID Function When setting up your system be sure to turn the DX100 and any effects units used on B
51. er sets the depth of amplitude variation tremolo or wow simul taneously produced by LFO modulation for all operators This function is inde pendent from amplitude modulation produced by the modulation wheel or breath controller and is always ON once set The data range is from 0 to 99 At 0 amplitude modulation is OFF and a setting of 99 produces the greatest variation dependent on the AMPLITUDE MODU LATION SENSITIVITY setting 10 When the AMPLITUDE MODULATION SENSITIVITY parameter is set to maximum 3 the maximum amplitude variation AM DEPTH 99 will be 96 dB peak to peak Even if this parameter is set to 0 amplitude modulation can still be applied via the modulation wheel and breath controller e1111 AMD 35 8 LFO SYNC SYNC 32 The beginning of the LFO cycle is normally synchronized with key on timing This parameter permits turning this synchronization on or off All operators are affected simultaneously When this parameter is on the LFO cycle always begins from the peak of a positive half cycle 90 degrees phase angle when a key is played This produces a clear consistent attack on all notes When LFO KEY SYNC is OFF the LFO cycle starts from a random point when a key is played This is the ideal setting when the LFO is being used to create na tural sounding chorus or phasing type effects 9 PITCH MODULATION SENSITIVITY MODULATION PITCH This parameter sets the sensitivity of all operators to pitch mo
52. gh the breath controller Data is entered using the DATA ENTRY slider and 1 1 buttons Once this function is called subsequent presses on the 22 button increment the data value 15 23 BREATH RANGE EG BIAS EG BIAS This function permits breath pressure applied to the BC 1 breath controller to directly control the amplitude or timbre of the voice according to settings of the corre sponding voice parameters which will be covered in CHAPTER IV The LFO has no effect only your breath pressure directly affects the amplitude or timbre of the voice The data range is from 0 to 99 At 0 EG bias is OFF A setting of 99 permits the greatest amplitude or timbre variation to be produced through the breath controller Data is entered using the DATA ENTRY control and 1 1 switches Once this function is called subsequent presses on the 23 button increment the data value 24 VOICE NAME VOICE NAME This function moves the LCD cursor from left to right allowing you to name any new voice or sound you have created before storing it When button 24 is pressed the cursor flashes over the first letter in the name of the voice presently occupying a space in the INTERNAL memory The DATA ENTRY slider or 1 1 buttons are used to increment or decrement the alphabetical selection A to Z along with many other symbol selections while subsequent presses on the VOICE NAME CURSOR button move the LCD cursor to the immediate right VOICE NAME CHARACT
53. h and square waveforms All this from just two operators IN IN J OSC OPERATOR 2 OP 2 EG This operator OUT is the Sine Wave Output Modulator t pure tone IN IN v OSC OPERATOR 1 E G OP 1 Thi is Operator OUT is the Fundamental amp Carrier Harmonics complex tone to audio output Operators do not have to be connected vertically in modulator carrier re lationship as shown above The outputs of two operators can also be mixed just as the stops in an organ are mixed In this case the sounds are simply added together with no modulation effect OUT ALGORITHMS We have seen two different ways that two operators may be combined The DX100 uses four operators offering many potential connection possibilities These different configurations of operator relationships are called algorithms and the DX100 offers 8 algorithm choices These are all printed right on the DX100 panel In the algorithm diagrams on the panel the small boxes numbered 1 through 4 are the operators ALGORITHM 1 MODULATOR MODULATOR MODULATOR CARRIER Algorithm 1 consists of stack of 3 modulators and 1 carrier OUT HOW ALGORITHMS AFFECT THE SOUND By changing the relative frequencies between operators in a modulator carrier re lationship you change not only the fundamental pitch of the note but also the frequencies present in the harmonic structure Thus the timbre of the voi
54. initially called the LCD will read Load Tape Confirm your intention to load a complete set of 24 voices from cassette tape into the RAM voice memory remember this will erase any voices previously in the RAM memory by pressing the 1 button The LCD will now read Load all ready At this point make sure the appropriate cassette tape is loaded into the recorder and is rewound to the beginning of the desired voice file To execute the load operation press the 20 DATA ENTRY YES button again and start the cassette recorder running in the PLAY mode Pressing the 1 button prior to the final step in the above process will abort the CASSETTE LOAD function The DX100 will indicate each voice on the LCD as it is loaded When the load function is completed the LCD will read Load Completed Stop the cassette recorder and turn the DX100 s MEMORY PROTECT function back ON The LOAD function can be interrupted at any time by pressing the 1 button This can however result in incomplete data loading possibly causing garbled voice data to appear in one memory location NOTE Be sure to turn the MEMORY PROTECT function back ON after a successful LOAD operation LOAD en ro mb Load Completed 11 LOAD SINGLE LOAD SINGLE Load all ready UN Tape to INT 1 This function allows you to load a single voice from a previously saved 24 voice cassette file into the DX100 s voice edit buffer after whi
55. is accessed in the FUNCTION mode To enter the FUNCTION mode press the FUNCTION button Then press any of the PRESET SEARCH se lectors to access the corresponding voices these are the same as the BANK A D selectors used in the BANK PLAY mode In the NORMAL NON SHIFT mode the PRESET SEARCH selectors call PRESET voice groups 101 124 201 224 301 324 and 401 424 from the NORMAL preset voice group In the SHIFT mode described in The BANK PLAY Mode above the correspondingly numbered voices from the SHIFT preset voice group are selected The 24 voices in each group are selected by pressing the corresponding voice selector After selecting PRESET SEARCH 101 124 for example the LCD will appear as follows F301 Easy Synth F indicates that you are in the FUNCTION mode PRESET SEARCH function This function lets you review the voices in the PRESET memory It is also possible to store a voice selected in this mode into any of the 24 voice INTERNAL memory locations using the STORE function described later in this manual 10 CHAPTER THE FUNCTION MODE The FUNCTION mode permits access to four groups of functions tuning functions MIDI functions memory management functions and performance functions In this chapter we ll describe each of these functions what they do and how they are programmed 1 Accessing the FUNCTION Mode 2 Entering Function Data 3 The Performance Parameters The FUNCTION mode is cal
56. led by pressing the FUNCTION button Individual parameters to be programmed are then called by pressing the appropriate voice button Note that when the FUNCTION mode is active pressing a voice button calls the corresponding FUNCTION parameter These functions are printed in brown below each voice button Note also that there are two exceptions the PITCH B Pitch Bend MODE SET and KEY SHIFT KEY SET buttons are NOT included among the voice buttons These function buttons are located immediately above the DATA ENTRY 1 and 1 buttons When the FUNCTION mode is called the LCD should look something like this F M Tunes O The display will read M Tune 0 indicating that the FUNCTION mode is active plus the name of the selected function and its current data In the example above the MASTER TUNE function is called press the 1 button and the data is currently set at 0 Once the desired function has been selected its value can be altered using either the linear DATA ENTRY slider located to the left of the panel or the adjacent 1 1 buttons NO em YES MEER OFF ON DATA ENTRY Moving the DATA ENTRY slider away from you increases the value of the selected parameter and moving the control towards you decreases the data value Pressing the 1 button decreases the value of the selected parameter by one decrements and pressing the 1 button increases the value by one increments While the DATA entry slider is val
57. lowing is a brief description of each available voice parameter how it is programmed and its effect These parameters are selected by pressing the appro priately labelled purple labels indicate voice parameters button while the DX100 is in the EDIT mode PB MODE OPERATOR SELECT OPERATOR SELECT FICHE MODE MODE SET This switch located immediately above the 1 DATA ENTRY button selects the operator to be worked on Only one operator can be selected at a time Only the parameters for the selected operator will be displayed on the LCD panel In the EDIT mode the currently selected operator number is displayed at the right side of the LCD for example This only applies to parameters which can be individually programmed for each operator However when parameters that affect all operators simultaneously are called the LFO WAVE SPEED and DELAY pa rameters for example the current operator display will disappear from the LCD and individual operators cannot be selected BANK A DIOPERATORIAMS ON OFF OPERATOR AMS ON OFF OPERATOR AMS ON OFF eee 5 ON OFF 1 2 3 4 101 124 201 224 301 324 401 424 PRESET SEARCH PRESET SEARCH Individually turns operators 1 through 4 ON or OFF In many cases a voice will not require all operators in an algorithm Operators that are not needed should be turned OFF while editing Also during the voice creation process it is a good idea to start with all o
58. n the SAVE and VERIFY sub functions Normally however you will start with the SAVE function which saves the entire contents of the DX100 s INTERNAL voice memory onto cassette tape The VERIFY function is then used to check the saved data against the data still in INTERNAL memory to ensure that no errors occured in the SAVE process Before using this function make sure that an appropriate data cassette recorder is properly connected to the DX100 as described in CHAPTER I SETTING UP 19 When this function is initially called the LCD will read Save to Tape Confirm your intention to save the contents of the 24 voices to cassette tape by pressing the 1 button The display will then read Save ready At this point reconfirm that the cassette recorder is set up properly make sure a suitable blank tape is loaded into the cassette recorder and start the recorder running in the RECORD mode To begin the actual save operation press the 1 button Pressing the 1 button prior to the final step in the above process will abort the CASSETTE SAVE function As the DX100 saves each voice to tape the LCD display will indicate the voice number being saved When all 24 voices have been saved the DX100 will automatically go into the VERIFY mode permitting you to check that the data was recorded properly Stop the cassette recorder The LCD will now read Verify Tape To verify first rewind the tape to the beginning of the file just sa
59. nction setting all parameters to their initial values and begin programming your voice from scratch The first method editing an existing voice is generally a much more efficient ap proach If however you are looking for a unique voice that is totally unlike any of the available presets it is probably best to initialize and start from scratch 38 If you choose to program a voice from scratch you ll need to have a clear memory location or one containing a voice that you either don t want or have already backed up on cassette tape so that when you ve completed programming the voice you can save it Since all editing is done in the separate voice edit buffer nothing is erased while you are actually programming the voice But when you save the new voice whatever was in that memory location will be erased and replaced by the new data 39 CHAPTER V VOICE PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE In this section we ll go through the steps in creating a fairly percussive electric piano voice from scratch This simple example should help you understand the programming process STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 Initialize a Voice Enter the FUNCTION mode press FUNCTION button and call the MEMORY PROTECT function Turn MEMORY PROTECT OFF NO m F M Protect off PROTECT Call INIT VOICE function and press the YES button twice This initializes the voice and automatically enters the EDIT mode Select the ALGORITHM select parameter
60. nd set to 8 Now play a note and listen to the volume envelope we ve created This is the basic form of the electric piano voice Copy carrier EG Parameters to OP2 modulator Hold down the EG COPY button and press the OPERATOR AMS ON OFF 2 button OPERATOR AMS ON OFF EG COPY 3 a EG Copy 0013052 The EG parameters you just set for operator 1 have now been copied to operator 2 You can check this by selecting operator 2 press OPERATOR SELECT and looking at the EG parameters AR RR Set 1 and OP2 Output Levels In this step we ll create the basic timbre of our piano voice First select OP1 select the OPERATOR OUTPUT LEVEL parameter and set it to 99 1100 OUT 99 _ Next select OP2 and set its output level to 66 1100 OUT 66 0P2 Play a key and note that we no longer have a simple sine wave By increasing the output level of OP2 we are modulating the carrier OP1 thereby creating a more complex waveform In this case the frequency ratios of OP1 and OP2 are left at their initialized values of 1 00 since this is the basic timbre we want for this voice Turn OFF OP1 OP2 Turn ON and OP4 Now that we ve created the basis for our piano voice turn and OP2 OFF so we can concentrate on creating the attack sound using the remaining operator stack OP3 and OP4 Now turn OP3 and OP4 ON e0011 OUT 0 Set OP3 carrier EG Before we actually set the OP3 EG parameter
61. once after this function is called Subsequent changes must be made using the DATA ENTRY slider and 1 1 buttons after the INTERNAL PLAY mode KEY SHIFT function have been entered in succession and KEY SHIFT function have been entered in succession NOTE The KEY SET function can not be individually programmed for each voice This section includes a single function MASTER TUNE ADJ 1 MASTER TUNE ADJ MASTER TUNE ADJ This is the DX100 MASTER TUNE function All voices are affected simultaneously The programmable data range is from 64 to 63 When set to 0 the pitch of the key is the standard 440 Hz At the lowest setting of 64 the overall pitch of the keyboard is 100 cents 1 semitone lower than standard pitch At the highest setting of 63 the overall pitch of the keyboard is 100 cents higher than standard pitch Use the DATA ENTRY slider or 1 1 buttons to enter the data for this parameter Once the MASTER TUNE function is called subsequent presses on the 1 button will increment the data value The memory management functions include functions for loading voices from the DX100 s 192 voice PRESET memory for storing and the 24 INTERNAL memory voices to and from cassette tape initializing the voice memory recalling voice data from a special safety buffer memory and turning the DX100 memory write protect function ON and OFF 6 RECALL EDIT In addition to the voice edit buffer the DX100 has a special edi
62. ovide a reasonable measure of protection against such interference However this does not guarantee that interference will not occur If your professional music equipment should be suspected of causing interference with other electronic devices verification can be made by turning your professional music equipment off and on If the interference continues when your equipment is off the equipment is not the source of interference If your equipment does appear to be the source of the interference you should try to correct the situation by using one or more of the following measures Relocate either the equipment or the electronic device that is being affected by the interference Utilize power for the professional music equipment and the device being affected that are on different branch circuit breaker of fuse circuits of install AC line filters In the case or radio or TV interference relocate the antenna or if the antenna lead in is 300ohm ribbon lead changethe lead in to co axial type cable If these corrective measures do not produce satisfactory re sults please contact your authorized Yamaha professional pro ducts dealer for suggestions and or corrective measures If you can not locate a authorized Yamaha professional products dealer in your general area contact the professional music Service De partment Yamaha International 6600 Orangethorpe Ave Buena park CA90620 USA If for any reason you should need additional info
63. perators 8 algorithms Simultaneous Note 8 notes reverse priority Internal 24 voice internal RAM alterable 192 voice number bank reading only 96 voice number bank alterable Effects y Su PITCH BLEND WHEEL MODULATION PORTAMENTO SUSTAIN KEY VELOCITY re ception only Controls i kasna Glas PITCH BEND WHEEL MODULATION WHEEL VOLUME LCD CONTRAST External Control Terminals BREATH CONTROL FOOT SWITCH Connecting Terminals OUTPUT normal output level 20dB output impedance 10kQ or less PHONES normal output level 16dB output impedance 470 or less FOOT SWITCH PORTAMENTO ON OFF SUSTAIN ON OFF MIDI IN MIDI OUT MIDI THRU CASSETTE transmission speed 1 200 baud BREATH CONTROL DC IN Power Suppl C size batteries x 6 Battery life Approx 10 hours Dimensions W x H x D 628 W x 75 H x 218 D mm 24 7 x 2 9 x 8 6 Weight aq a aa kuu au 2 7kg 5 91 bs Standard SUM 2 batteries x 6 cassette cable strap pincette explanation cassette tape Optional FC4 FC5 Foot Switches BC 1 Breath Controller PA 1210 AC Adapter Qdb 0 775Vr m s Specifications and appearanc
64. perators OFF and then turn them ON one at a time as you program and add them to the algorithm The four digits immediately preceding the algorithm number on the LCD display represent the four operators 1 through 4 in order from left to right When an operator is ON 1 appears in the corresponding position and when an operator is OFF a 0 appears in the corresponding position Each press on the BANK A through D buttons alternately turns the corresponding operator ON and OFF When the AMPLITUDE MODULATION SENSITIVITY parameter is selected 10 these buttons are used to determine to which operators the sensitivity setting will apply When the EG COPY function is in use see page 37 these buttons are used to select the operator to which the data from the currently selected operator will be copied 1 ALGORITHM ALGORITHM Permits selection of any of the 8 available algorithms The desired algorithm number is selected using either the DATA ENTRY slider 1 1 buttons or the parameter button 1111 ALG 6 30 2 FEEDBACK FEEDBACK Feedback can be applied to one operator in each algorithm Pressing this button permits setting the amount level of feedback which will be applied The feedback level range is from 0 to 7 At 0 feedback is OFF and at 7 maximum feedback is applied Data is entered via the DATA ENTRY slider or buttons 1111 FBL 4 The LFO LFO stands for Low Frequency Oscillator This oscillator is
65. plosions etc Even ratios are useful for creating musical instrument sounds It is possible to combine a modulator set to a fractional 34 ratio at a low operator level with even ratio operators to add bite to a string sound and many other effects The standard DX100 keyboard pitch is 8 therefore in terms of footage 0 50 16 1 00 8 and 2 00 4 14 DETUNE DETUNE This parameter permits slight detuning of the selected operator in relation to the others making it possible to create richer fuller voice effects If detune is applied to carriers the result is a thick multi instrument effect Applied to modulators the result is a slight periodic variation in timbre similar to a phase shift effect The data range is from 3 to 3 for a maximum detuning range of 2 6 cents At 0 no detune effect is produced 1111 DET 3 15 19 ENVELOPE GENERATOR D1R D1L 028 RR ENVELOPE GENERATOR AR DIR DIL D2R RR re 1 These buttons select the specific envelope generator parameters to be worked on ATTACK RATE DECAY 1 RATE DECAY 1 LEVEL DECAY 2 RATE and RELEASE RATE The data range for AR D1R AND D2R parameters is 0 to 31 with 31 being the fastest rate instantaneous and 0 the slowest i e no change The RR parameter has a data range of from 0 to 15 with 15 being fastest release and 0 being the slowest e1111 AR 31 OP3 The following EG curve shows the relationship between the RATE and LEVEL p
66. r to equals 3 1 1 Camier 3 OP 2 Carrier or Modulator Still more variations can be achieved by changing the relative output levels between operators the greater the level of the modulating operator the more harmonics are present FEEDBACK Note that every algorithm has one operator with a feedback loop represented by a line from the output of the operator which feeds back to the input of the same operator In effect a feedback loop means that the operator is modulating itself While every algorithm has one feedback loop feedback is not necessarily used in every voice One of the DX100 editing functions permits the feedback level to be set between 0 no feedback and 7 maximum feedback ENVELOPE GENERATORS Consider what happens when you play a note on an acoustic instrument The level of the sound initially goes up to some value then eventually falls to nothing fol lowing a pattern that is characteristic of the particular instrument played For ex ample a low note on a pipe organ starts slowly when you press a key because it takes a while for the large column of air within the pipe to build up to maximum oscillation level and takes a while to die down once the key is released A note played on a wood block on the other hand starts quickly as the mallet strikes the block and stops quickly as the block stops resonating The characteristic volume pattern of any note played on any instrument is known
67. rmation re lating to radio or TV interference you may find a booklet prepard by the Federal Communications Commission helpful How to Identify and Resolve Radio TV Interference Problems This booklet is available from the U S Government Printing Office Washington D C 20402 Stock No 004 000 00345 4 YAMAHA NIPPON GAKKI CO LTD HAMAMATSU JAPAN OMD 148 85 08 0 5 CR Printed in Japan Yamaha Corporation of America 6600 Orangethorpe Avenue P O Box 6600 Buena Park CA 90622 6600 Recycled 2 16 98 27792 DX100 OM
68. rmined by the AR Attack Rate setting en velope may reach maximum level instantly or it may take over 9 seconds depending on the setting of AR When the envelope reaches maximum level it immediately begins moving towards the next level in the envelope D1L Decay 1 Level at a speed determined by the setting of D1R Decay 1 Rate The change from maximum EG level to D1R can be either a decrease in level or a sustain at maximum level depending on the values you choose for D1L After reaching D1L the envelope then begins to decay toward zero level at a speed determined by the setting of the D2R Delay 2 Rate parameter If D2R is set to 0 no decay however the note will be sustained at D1L for as long as you hold the key Now when you release the key you have been holding the envelope will immediately begin to decay toward 0 level at a speed determined by RR Release Rate In fact at whatever point in the envelope you release the key the envelope will immediately begin moving toward 0 level at the set Release Rate AR D1R and D2R settings of 0 produce sustain at initial level while an RR setting of 0 produces a slow decay Thus ends the note envelope history 28 2 The EDIT and COMPARE Modes To actually program or edit a voice you need to enter the EDIT mode This is done by pressing the EDIT COMPARE button in the group of buttons E1111 ALG 5 When the EDIT mode is activated the LCD will indicate the operator ON
69. s select OP3 using the OPERATOR SELECT button call the OPERATOR OUTPUT LEVEL parameter and set it to 99 Now enter the following EG parameters AR 31 D1R 13 41 STEP 9 STEP 10 STEP 11 STEP 12 STEP 13 STEP 14 D1L 0 D2R 0 RR 10 Copy OP3 carrier EG Parameters to OP4 modulator Hold down the EG COPY button and press the OPERATOR AMS ON OFF 4 button EG 0 3 gt 0 4 Raise OP4 modulator Output Level Select OP4 select the OPERATOR OUTPUT LEVEL parameter and set it to 71 e0011 OUT 71 0 4 Set OP4 Frequency Ratio To get a metallic attack ping we ll set the OP4 output level frequence ratio to 7 00 With OP4 selected press the OPERATOR FREQ RATIO button and set to 7 00 NO YES mb 20011 F 7 00 N DATA ENTRY Play a note and listen to the attack sound Combine all Operators and Balance Levels Turn OP1 and OP2 back on so we can here the combined sound of the two operator stacks Play a note At this point the attack sound is far too loud so we ll reduce the output level of OP3 to achieve a better balance Select OP3 press the OPERATOR OUTPUT LEVEL button and set to 70 1111 OUT 70 Play a note our piano voice is improving Set Feedback Level We can enhance the attack sound of the voice by adding just a touch of bite using feedback Select the FEEDBACK parameter and set to 5 1111 FBL 5 Set Keyboard Level Scaling Play a few notes or
70. t recall buffer memory which maintains the last edited voice data if after editing or creating a new voice you inadvertently call new data into the voice edit buffer by pressing one of the voice selector buttons before storing the edited voice data the voice you had spent so much time editing will be erased from the edit buffer If only one error of this type has been made the edited data still resides in the Backup voice buffer and can be recalled into the voice edit buffer using this function To do this first press the FUNCTION button then the RECALL EDIT button The LCD will read Recall Edit Confirm your intention to recall the data into the voice edit buffer by pressing the 1 button The DX100 will again respond this time with Are You Sure Press the 1 button again to actually execute the recall edit function The EDIT mode will then be automatically entered and the voice edit buffer will contain the data called from the Backup voice buffer Pressing another function button the PLAY mode button or the EDIT mode button during the above process will abort the recall edit function YES e mp F Recall Edit 7 E YES Ue 17 7 INIT VOICE INIT VOICE This function sets all voice parameters in the voice edit buffer to their initialized values permitting voice programming from an effectively neutral set of values a clean slate RE uo ENG
71. ton is pressed again the Midi Transmit display will appear If the YES button is then pressed then the DX100 will perform a bulk dump of all voice data INTERNAL RAM voices 1 through 24 Voices 25 32 will be dumped as INIT VOICE parameters 23 CHAPTER IV VOICE PROGRAMMING Before you begin actually programming or editing your own voices a basic un 1 The Basics of derstanding of how digital FM synthesis works will be necessary In the following Synthesis explanation we will learn how the DX100 s FM voice generator produces complex voices This information will help you to understand the process and make it easier for you to create and edit your own voices OPERATORS The Yamaha DX series FM digital synthesizers use pure sine waves that interact to create the full harmonic spectrum for any voice Each digital sine wave oscillator is combined with its own envelope generator to form an operator IN IN OSC 4 E G OUT Ww Sine Wave Note that the operator s oscillator has two inputs one for the oscillator pitch data and one for modulation data CARRIERS AND MODULATORS The DX100 voice generator has 4 operators When the output of one operator is fed to the modulation input of a second operator i e the first operator modulates the second a whole spectrum of harmonics is created that can form an incredibly diverse range of complex waveforms including the more conventional triangle sawtoot
72. uable for quickly approaching the desired value with pa rameters that have a large data range the 1 and 1 buttons permit precise step wise location of a specific value The switches are also easier to use with parameters that only have two values i e ON 1 or OFF 0 In some cases you will be required to answer YES or NO to prompts which will appear on the LCD display The 1 1 buttons are also used for this purpose Performance parameters are programmable parameters which pertain mainly to real time performance effects such as how the pitch bend and modulation wheels affect the sound After a function is selected using the corresponding button it can be incremented with further pressing of the same button Note that performance parameters 13 through 24 can be individually stored for each voice They must therefore be stored in the appropriate INTERNAL RAM voice memory location after editing using the STORE function see CHAPTER IV VOICE PROGRAMMING 4 Storing Voice Data 13 POLY MONO POLY MONO This function selects either the POLY or MONO note output mode Voice pro grammed with the POLY mode permit simultaneous playing of up to 8 notes In the MONO mode the DX100 acts as monophonic keyboard Once the POLY MONO function is selected subsequent presses on the 13 button alternate between the POLY and MONO modes The DATA ENTRY buttons can also be used the 1 button selects POLY and the 1 button selects MONO 14 PIT
73. ume data entry V 0 127 C 65 portamento sw V 0 OFF 127 ON C 96 data entry 1 C 97 data entry 1 3 Program Change Status 1100nnnn Cn p 0 23 INTERNAL p 24 119 BANK This data is transmitted when a voice selector is pressed during the play mode when MIDI CH INFO is ON and MIDI SYS INFO is OFF 4 Pitch Bend Status 1110nnnn En n channel no Code LSB Ouuuuuuu Code MSB Ovvvvvvv The transmitted data is as follows MSB LSB 00000000 00000000 Lowest value 01000000 00000000 Center value 01111111 01111110 Highest value 46 2 2 System Information 2 2 1 System Real Time Message Active sensing Status 11111110 FE Transmitted once approximately every 200 milliseconds 2 2 2 System Exclusive Message Transmitted only when MIDI SYS INFO is ON 1 Parameter Change Status 11110000 F0 ID no 0100001 1 43 Substatus ch no 0001 nnnn in n channel Parameter group no 00010010 12 Parameter no Oppppppp Data Oddddddd EOX 11110111 F7 This data is transmitted when voice or function Parameters are changed in the EDIT or FUNCTION modes The voice parameters transmitted are those given in voice parameter table 5 2 and the function parameters transmitted are shown in function parameter table 5 3 2 1 Voice Bulk Data Status 11110000 F0 ID no 0100001 1 43 Substatus ch no 0000nnnn On no Format no 0000001 1
74. used to apply mod ulation effects such as tremolo or vibrato to the DX100 voices By setting the LFO WAVE SPEED and SYNC parameters you determine the effect that will be applied to the currently selected voice when the modulation wheel or breath controller is operated The effect can also be applied without using the Wheel or Breath Controller by adjusting the AMD and PMD parameters The LFO parameters work together with the MODULATION SENSITIVITY 9 and 10 parameters and these must be set carefully to achieve the desired effect 3 LFO WAVE LFO WAVE Permits selection of the low frequency oscillator waveform The available waveforms are SAW UP a rising sawtooth waveform SQUARE TRIANGL and S HOLD sample and hold When used in conjunction with LFO SPEED DELAY LFO PMD and LFO AMD a vast range of phase shifting and flanging type effects can be obtained And depending upon the depth of your individual settings for any par ticular voice these effects could range from subtle sympathetic coloration of a piano voice or a pipe organ voice with an extremely broad low frequency sweep AVAVA LTLTLEL AAAAA sawtooth square triangl These waveforms are selected using the DATA ENTRY slider or buttons e1111 L saw up e1111 LW square e1111 LV triangl 1111 LW S Hold 4 LFO SPEED SPEED Permits setting the speed of the low frequency oscillator The data range is from 0 to 99 0 corresponds to the slowest
75. ved then press the 1 button in response to the Verify Tape display which should be showing The display will now read Verify ready Press the 1 button then start the cassette recorder running in the PLAY mode The DX100 will now read each voice from the cassette tape and compare it with the corresponding voice data in the INTERNAL voice memory as the LCD indicates the verification process If the cassette and INTERNAL data matches the display will read Verify Completed Any PLAY mode can then be entered simply by pressing the corresponding mode selector button If an error is encountered this will be displayed on the LCD If this happens go back and try the SAVE process followed by the VERIFY process one more time If the error persists then you may have to carefully adjust the record and or playback level of the cassette recorder or use a higher quality recorder or tape Be sure to check that all cassette connections are made properly CASSETY YES 1 N INT 1 to Tape F Verify Tape 7 YES Verify Tape 1 m Verify Completed 10 LOAD LOAD This function loads a complete set of 24 voices from cassette tape into the DX100 s INTERNAL voice memory Before using this function make sure that all cassette connections have been properly made as described in CHAPTER I SETTING UP Also make sure that the DX100 s MEMORY PROTECT function 12 is OFF When this function is
76. vel will vary according to the received velocity value only when the KEY VELOCITY setting is greater than 0 The range of this instrument is C 1 to C7 If a higher or lower key number is received it will be output within the range limits For example received C 7 through C8 data will be output as notes in the C 6 through C7 range 3 Control Change Status 1011nnnn Bn n channel no Control no Occccccc Control code Ovvvvvvv a Received whether MIDI CH INFO is ON or OFF Control no Control code C 64 Sustain sw V 0 126 OFF 127 ON b Received when MIDI CH INFO is ON Control no Control code C 1 modulation wheel V 0 127 C 2 breath control V 0 127 C 5 portamento time V 0 127 C 7 volume V 0 127 C 65 portamento SW V 0 126 OFF 127 ON 4 Program Change Status 1100nnnn Cn n channel no Program no Oppppppp Recieved only in the PLAY mode when MIDI CH INFO is ON Number 120 through 127 will be processed as 119 5 Pitch Bend Status 1110nnnn n channel no Code LSB Ouuuuuuu Code MSB Ovvvvvvv 50 Functions only on MSB data MSB 00000000 Lowest value 01000000 Center value 01111111 Highest value 4 1 2 Channel Mode Message Status 1011nnnn n channel no Occccccc Ovvvvvvv Received whether MIDI CH INFO is ON or OFF C 123 V 0 All notes OFF C 126 V 1 MONO mode ON C 127 V 0 POLY mode ON 4 2 System Information 4 2 1 System Real Time Message Active sensing Status 11111110 FE within 300 milliseconds the M

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