Home

Texas Instruments TRF1500 User's Manual

1. 74 Figure 26 Test Bench Setup LNA Third Order Input Intercept Point IIP3 Measurement75 Figure 27 Test Bench Setup LNA 1dB Input Compression 75 Tables Tables Pin Descriptions usc et Pi rr et ei equa rese ert cuni x ted M ced 15 Table 2 Control State and the Corresponding Active Circuits 17 Table LB LNA LB Mixer SAW Filter and LB IF Amp Parameters 26 Table 4 HB LNA HB mixer HB IF amp 40 Table 5 Low Band Transmit Performance Parameters 52 Table 6 High Band Transmit Mixer Performance 59 Table 7 Low Band LNA nnne nnn 60 Table 8 Low Band Receiver Mixer Parameters 65 TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide Abstract The dual band handset market is expanding very rapidly due to the increase in customers requiring roaming capability The customer also demands that handsets have an increase in features while keeping the size compact These dual band handset requirements put pressure on the integrated circuit manufacturer to be innovative while keeping costs low To meet this demand Texas Instruments TI has deve
2. 41 High Band Cascaded Image 42 High Band Cascaded Noise 43 High Band Cascaded RF Input Return LOSS 44 High Band LO Buffer Output 45 High Band Cascaded Power Leakage LO to RF In 46 High Band Cascaded Third Order Input Intercept Point 1 46 High Band Cascaded 1dB Input Compression 47 High Band Cascaded 2X2 Spur Performance 48 High Band 3X3 Spur Performance sse dotes EES 49 Low Band and High Band Transmit nnn 50 Low and High Band Transmit Mixer 50 Low Band and High Band Transmit Mixer RF 50 Low and High Band Transmit Mixer IF 51 Low Band Transmit Mixer Test Guide eene 52 Low Band Transmit Mixer Power Conversion Gain 52 Low Band Transmit Mixer Noise Figure 53 Low Band Transmit Mixer Input Return 0 5
3. 36 Figure 13 High Band LO Frequency Doubler Driven Configuration 37 Figure 14 High Band LO Directly Driven Configuration 37 Figure 15 High Band IF Output 38 Figure 16 High Band LO Buffer Amplifier Output 39 Figure 17 Transmit Mixer Block Diagram eese 50 Figure 18 Low and High Band Transmit Mixer RF Input Configuration 51 Figure 19 Low and High Band Transmit Mixer IF Output Configuration 51 Figure 20 Test Bench Setup Power Conversion Gain Power Conversion Gain Reduction 1dB RF Input Compression Point Second Order Input Intercept Point IIP2 2x2 Spur Performance 3x3 Spur Performance Image rejection and LO Buffer Output POWBFI sore aoreet D Porte te eme ber res 72 Figure 21 Test Bench Setup Third Order Input Intercept Point IIP3 1dB Blocking Point Measurerilils s oco cce Piae ecco oe UR nome nen 72 Figure 22 Test Bench Setup Noise 73 Figure 23 Test Bench Setup Power Leakage LO to RF 73 Figure 24 Test Bench Setup Power Leakage HF In to LO In Measurements 74 Figure 25 Test Bench Setup LNA Noise Figure
4. 54 Low Band Transmit Mixer Power Leakage LO to TX 55 Low Band Transmit Mixer Power Leakage TX In to LO 55 Low Band Transmit Mixer 1dB Input Compression Point 56 Low Band Transmit Mixer Second Order Input Intercept Point IIP2 57 Low Band Transmit Mixer Third Order Input Intercept Point IIP3 58 High Band Transmit Mixer Test Guide essen 59 Low Band LNA Stand Alone Test Guide eene 60 Low Band LNA Gallias acte teret ces ROS tes Cone OBIIT 60 Low Band LNA Input Return Loss 60 Low Band LNA Output Return Loss 61 Low Band ENA Isolation rhe rac terere regt ehe pe e euren 61 Low Band LNA 1dB Input Compression 61 Low Band LNA Noise Figure trt t tee nhe kei ener ikke te 62 Low Band LNA Third Order Input Intercept Point 11 63 Low Band Receiver Mixer Stand Alone Test Guide 65 Low Band Receiver Mixer Power Conversion Gain 65 Low Band Receiver Mixer Input Return Loss 66 Low Band Receiver Mixer Powe
5. eese nnn 26 LOW Band Cascaded Power Conversion 26 Low Band Cascaded Power Conversion Gain 27 Low Band Cascaded Noise ere 28 Low Band Cascaded Input Return 055 30 Low Band Cascaded LO Input Return Loss ssssse 30 LOW BAND LO Buffer Output 31 Low Band Power Leakage LO In to RF 1 31 Low Band Cascaded Third Order Input Intercept Point IIP3 32 Low Band Cascaded 1dB RF Input Compression 33 Low Band Cascaded 1dB Blocking Point 34 High Band Cascaded Receiver Section LNA Mixer LO Buffer Amplifier 35 Cascaded High Band Receiver Section LNA Mixer and LO Amplifier 35 HighsBand RE Inplit suadeat pa alee foe d 36 igh Band seas rS 36 High Band F Output ita ep te teo aee tree en epe 38 High Band LO Buffer Amplifier Output 39 High Band Cascaded Test Guide eese nnn 40 High Band Cascaded Power Conversion 40 Contents High Band Cascaded Power Conversion Gain
6. TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO04A 9 wy J12 may be necessary to eliminate the broad band noise during testing Connect the EVM IF output port J11 to the noise figure meter input port a A bandpass or low pass filter may be necessary on the IF port to eliminate the LO signal interference and get an accurate noise measurement 10 Measure the Noise Figure Low Band Receiver Mixer 1dB RF Input Compression Point RF Pin 25 24 Control state 011000 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 20 The 1 dB input compression point is the TX RF input power at which the gain compresses 1 dB Gain compression is when an increase in Pi causes no further increase the output power Pout The measurement is performed using two RF sources and a spectrum analyzer 1 Set the Mixer RF source frequency see Table 8 and the input power to 35 dBm Connect the RF source to the EVM RF input port J15 Set the LO source frequency and input power see Table 8 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 Set the spectrum analyzer to measure the output power at the IF frequency Connect The EVM Mixer IF output port J11 to the spectrum analyzer Measure the output power Pou at the IF frequency Calculate Gain as Gain Pin To determine the 1 dB compression point the mixer RF Pinis increased in steps of 1 dBm until the gain compresses by 1
7. 42 C17 L14 Low Band IF Output Figure 9 details the low band IF output configuration The low band mixer has a differential IF output with a 1kQ differential output impedance For evaluation a 16 1 transformer balun with a insertion loss of 1 8 dB is used to transform the 1kQ differential output to a single ended output which is then matched to 500 In the actual application the IF output is usually connected to a narrow band channel select filter with a differential input and the transformer balun is not required The supply voltage VCC is applied to the IF pins with pull up inductors L12 L13 A low pass filter network is provided prior to the balun The filter also acts as part of the impedance matching network During optimization of the output matching network it was found that mismatching the differential output accomplished with C55 gives the best IIP3 performance with minimum effect on the gain and noise figure performance C55 also helps to decouple the digital CMOS control line from the LO signal The IF response is shaped by the shunt L L51 after the transformer balun L51 is also used to block unwanted noise that could be reflected back to the mixer The series capacitor C51 near the LB IF OUT port is used as a dc block for evaluation purposes and does not have to be implemented in the end users system TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 23 4 SWRA004A Figure 9 Low Band IF Out
8. 5 f Third Order Input Intercept Point P3 477 14 RF Input 237 PX2SpurPeromane 6 amp 9 3X8SpurPeromane d amp a High Band Cascaded Power Conversion Gain Control state 111001 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 20 The high band power conversion gain dB is the measured power dBm at the IF frequency minus the RF source power dBm It is measured using a RF source and a spectrum analyzer 1 Set the RF source power RF Pin and the desired frequency see Table 4 Connect the RF source to the EVM port J20 40 TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO04A Set the LO source power LO Pin and the desired frequency see Table 4 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 Set the spectrum analyzer to measure at the IF frequency see Table 4 Connect the EVM IF output port J21 to the spectrum analyzer Measure the IF output power IF Pou at the IF frequency with the spectrum analyzer Calculate the Cascaded Gain as Gain IF Pou RF Pin Transformer Loss The transformer loss is 1 8dB High Band Cascaded Power Conversion Gain Reduction Control state 111011 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 20 The Power conversion gain reduction is the delta between the cascaded IF Pout and the strong signal
9. LOW BAND LO4 LOW BAND LO Wee 37 777 L 1613 305 I0 35 350 LB BUFFER OUT C18 T11 C18 Wee 37 777 L 1613 305 ZO 35 350 TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 25 SWRA004A Low Band Cascaded Test Guide This section involves measuring the cascaded performance of the Low Band LNA Low Band MIXER and Low Band IF Amp An external SAW filter is utilized to complete the RF receiver section All tests apply for an IF output terminated into a 1 kQ differential load To match the differential IF output to the 50 O test equipment a transformer balun is used All unused ports are terminated into 50 Q Table 3 LB LNA LB Mixer SAW Filter and LB IF Amp Parameters PARAMETERS Min UNIT IF Frequency M082 RFiputPower dBm 30 LOlmputPower 5 d Power ConversionGain Power Conversion Gain Reduction E p LOlputRetunloss 165 LO Buffer Output Power Power Leakage LO In to RF In 530 Third Order Input Intercept Point IPS 97 10B RF Input Compression Point 210 10B Blocking Poit LOW Band Cascaded Power Conversion Gain Control state 011000 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 20 The low band power conversion gain dB is the
10. Table 5 Connect the EVM IF output port J31 to the spectrum analyzer Measure the IF output power IF 1Pou at the IF frequency Increase the RF frequency by half the IF frequency Measure the IF output power IF 2Pou at the IF Frequency Calculate 2 as IIP2 RF Pin 1Po IF 2Pou TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 57 04 Transmit Mixer Third Order Input Intercept Point IIP3 Control state 010100 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 21 The third order input intercept point is the level of the RF input power at which the output power levels of the undesired intermodulation products and the desired IF products are equal The measurement is performed using three RF sources anda spectrum analyzer 1 Set the first RF source input power RF Pin and frequency F1 see Table 5 Set the second RF source frequency to the first RF frequency plus 60kHz Fo Using a RF combiner connect the RF sources to the EVM RF input port J30 Set the LO source frequency and input power see Table 5 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 Set the spectrum analyzer to measure at the IF frequency Fir see Table 5 Connect the EVM IF output port J31 to the spectrum analyzer Measure the Fundamental output power at the IF frequency Frund Measure the Intermodulation products 2F2 or 2F F2 at Fiet 60 kHz Calculate
11. return loss 1 Set the network analyzer to measure the low band RF frequency see Table 3 2 Setthe power range to 35 dBm through 20 dBm and then set the input power to 30 dBm 3 Perform a full one port calibration on port 1 of the network analyzer 4 Setthe network analyzer to measure S11 5 Connect the EVM RF input J10 to port 1 of the network analyzer 6 Measure the RF input return loss Low Band Cascaded LO Input Return Loss Control state 011000 The cascaded LO input return loss of the Low Band is measured at the EVM low band LO input port J12 The measurement is performed using a network analyzer 1 Set the network analyzer to measure the low band LO frequency see Table 3 2 Setthe power range to 35 dBm through 20 dBm and then set the input power to 30 dBm 3 Perform a full one port calibration on port 1 of the network analyzer 4 Setthe network analyzer to measure S11 5 Connect the EVM LO input port J12 to port 1 of the network analyzer 6 Measure the LO input return loss 30 TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO004A LOW BAND LO Buffer Output Power Control state 011000 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 20 This section involves measuring the Low Band LO Buffer Output All unused ports will be terminated into 50 The LO buffer output power is measured at the EVM low band LO output port J13 A transformer balun is used to
12. EVM LO input port J12 2 Setthe spectrum analyzer to measure at the LO frequency see Table 5 3 Connect the TX In Port J30 to the spectrum analyzer 4 Measure the LO leakage power Low Band Transmit Mixer Power Leakage TX In to LO In Control state 010100 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUP Test setup Figure 24 The Power leakage from TX IN to LO IN is measured at the LO in port J12 A leakage is a measure of power in dBm that couples to the LO IN port The measurement is performed using a RF source and a spectrum analyzer TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 55 04 Set the TX source frequency and input power see Table 5 Connect the TX source to the EVM TX input port J30 Set the spectrum analyzer to measure at the TX frequency see Table 5 Connect the LO In Port J12 to the spectrum analyzer Measure the TX leakage power Low Band Transmit Mixer 1dB Input Compression Point RF Pin 35 34 33 32 56 Control state 010100 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 20 The 1 dB input compression point is the TX RF input power at which the gain compresses 1 dB Gain compression is when an increase in Pi causes no further increase the output power Pout The measurement is performed using two RF sources and a spectrum analyzer 1 Set the TX RF source frequency see Table 5 and the input power Pin to 35 dBm Connect the RF source to the EV
13. IF Pout when the strong signal is enabled Enabling the strong signal turns off the LNA It is measured using a RF source and a spectrum analyzer 1 Set the RF source power RF Pin and the desired frequency see Table 4 Connect the RF source to the EVM input port J20 Set the LO source power LO Pin and the desired frequency see Table 4 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 Set the spectrum analyzer to measure at the IF frequency see Table 4 Connect the EVM IF output port J21 to the spectrum analyzer Measure the output power at the IF frequency IF Pou with the spectrum analyzer Enable the strong signal Measure the output power at the IF frequency SS IF Pou with the spectrum analyzer Calculate Power conversion gain reduction as Power Conversion Gain Reduction IF Pou SS IF Pou TRF 1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 41 04 High Band Cascaded Image Rejection Control state 111001 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 20 Image Rejection is a signal that appears at twice the IF distance from the desired RF signal located on the opposite side of the LO frequency from the desired RF signal The measurement is performed using two RF sources and a spectrum analyzer 1 42 Set the RF source power RF Pin and the desired RF frequency Frr see Table 4 Connect the RF source to the EVM input port J20 Set the LO
14. Mixer Frequency Doubler 110100 High Band Transmit Normal HB LO Buffer HB TX Mixer 110101 High Band Transmit Frequency Doubler HB LO Buffer HB TX Mixer Frequency Doubler On LB LO Buffer TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 17 SWRA004A Low Band Cascaded Receiver Section LNA External SAW Filter Mixer and LO Buffer Amplifier The TRF1500 low band receiver section shown in Figure 2 is an integrated front end down converter designed to operate in the 800 MHz frequency range The low band down converter consists of an LNA mixer LO buffer amplifier and an off chip image reject filter The digital control allows the low band to operate in three different states to compensate for the environment in which the TRF1500 is operating The device can be operated in the normal state where the LNA mixer and buffer amplifier are on the strong signal state where the LNA is off and the mixer and buffer amplifier are on or the transmit state where the LNA bias current is increased to prevent compression when the transmitter is on The low band receiver has low typical current consumption of 21mA at 3 75V supply The cascaded gain is typically 26dB while providing good dynamic range with approximately a 10dBm third order input intercept point IIP3 The low band receiver has a typical system noise figure of approximately 2 5 dB for excellent sensitivity Figure 2 Cascaded Block Diagram of the Low Band Re
15. Special Function 34 3 is used to enter the room temperature in Kelvin 300 K d Special Function 34 4 is used to enter the loss after the DUT e Special Function 34 0 is used to turn off the loss compensation factor The noise figure is measured as follows 7 Connect the noise source directly to the EVM RF input port J10 a Acirculator between the noise source and RF input port may help minimize any mismatches between the EVM board and test equipment Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 a Set the LO source at the nominal power and frequency See Table 3 b Each LO frequency being tested is entered in the Noise figure meter by using Special function 3 1 If the source has excessive broad band noise a filter at the LO port J12 may be necessary to eliminate the broad band noise during testing Connect the EVM IF output port J11 to the noise figure meter input port a A bandpass or low pass filter may be necessary on the IF port to eliminate the LO signal interference and get an accurate noise measurement 10 Measure the Noise Figure TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 29 SWRAO004A Low Band Cascaded RF Input Return Loss Control state 011000 The input return loss of the low band receiver is measured at the EVM low band RF input port J10 The measurement is performed using a network analyzer Set up the network analyzer as follows to measure the RF input
16. TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 20 The Power conversion gain reduction is the delta between the cascaded IF Pout and the strong signal IF Pout when the strong signal is enabled Enabling the strong signal turns off the LNA It is measured using a RF source and a spectrum analyzer 1 Set the RF source power RF Pin and the desired frequency see Table 3 Connect the RF source to the EVM RF input port J10 2 Set the LO source power LO Pin and the desired frequency see Table 3 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 3 Setthe spectrum analyzer to measure at the IF frequency see Table 3 TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 27 04 4 Connect the EVM IF output port J11 to the spectrum analyzer 5 Measure the output power at the IF frequency IF Pou with the spectrum analyzer 6 Enable the strong signal Measure the output power at the IF frequency SS IF Pou with the spectrum analyzer 7 Calculate Power conversion gain reduction as Power Conversion Gain Reduction IF Pou SS IF Pou Low Band Cascaded Noise Figure 28 Control state 011000 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 22 The cascaded Noise Figure NF is measured at the EVM Low Band IF output port J11 The measurement is performed using an HP8970B Noise Figure Meter The IF output of the mixer is converted from differential to single ended using a transformer balun The noise fi
17. as TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWHRA004A Intermodulation Suppression Intermodulation product 10 Calculate the Input Third Order Intercept Point as Input Third Order Intercept Intermodulation Suppression 2 RF Pin TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 71 SWRAO004A Appendix A Test Bench Configuration Figure 20 Test Bench Setup Power Conversion Gain Power Conversion Gain Reduction 1dB RF Input Compression Point Second Order Input Intercept Point IIP2 2x2 Spur Performance 3x3 Spur Performance Image rejection and LO Buffer Output Power DC POWER DC POWER SUPPLY METER RF SIGNAL SPECTRUM SOURCE ANALYZER LO SIGNAL SOURCE Figure 21 Test Bench Setup Third Order Input Intercept Point IIP3 1dB Blocking Point Measurements RF SIGNAL SOURCE ANALYZER RF SIGNAL SOURCE LO SIGNAL SOURCE SPECTRUM 72 TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO004A Figure 22 Test Bench Setup Noise Figure NOISE SOURCE NOISE FIGURE METER Figure 23 Test Bench Setup Power Leakage LO In to RF In SPECTRUM ANALYZER 50 Q LO SIGNAL SOURCE TRF 1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 73 SWRA004A Figure 24 Test Bench Setup Power Leakage RF In to LO In Measurements DC POWER DC POWER RF SIGNAL SOURCE SPECTRUM ANALYZER Figure 25 Test Bench Setup LNA Noise Fi
18. be implemented in the end users system Figure 19 Low and High Band Transmit Mixer IF Output Configuration C24 je gt Mixer TRF 1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 51 SWRA004A Low Band Transmit Mixer Test Guide This section involves measuring the Transmit Mixer performance All tests apply for an IF output terminated into a 1 kQ differential load To match the IF output to the 50 Q test equipment a transformer balun is used All unused ports are terminated into 50 Table 5 Low Band Transmit Performance Parameters PARAMETERS Max ONT FLO input Frequency Range _ 9H 35 se Mixer IF Frequency 0 7 m _ Lo input Power 1 Power Gonversion Gain Power Leakage LO mto Tx Power Leakage Te IntoLOin input Compression Point Second Order Input intercept Part qP Third Order Input intercept Poin iPay Low Band Transmit Mixer Power Conversion Gain Control state 010100 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 20 The low band transmit mixer power conversion gain dB is the measured power dBm at the IF frequency minus the RF source power dBm It is measured using a RF source and a spectrum analyzer 1 Set the RF source power RF Pin and the desired frequency see Table 5 Connect
19. can be operated in the normal state where the LNA mixer and buffer amplifier are on the strong signal state where the LNA is off and the mixer and buffer amplifier are on or the transmit state where the LNA bias current is increased to prevent compression when the transmitter is on The high band receiver has a typical nominal gain of 26 dB an IIP3 of 17 7 dBm and a noise figure of 4 66 dB when the receiver LO doubler is used and 4 35 dB when the high band LO is directly driven Figure 11 Block Diagram of the High Band Receiver Section Differential Differential Quadrature Quadrature Generator Generator SOO LOW LO N VA TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band Receiver User s Guide 35 SWRAO004A High Band RF Input Figure 12 details the high band RF input configuration The cascaded noise figure and input return loss performance of the high band receiver section is determined primarily by the input matching network The input matching network is designed for optimum noise figure performance while maintaining good input return loss A low pass shunt C C20 series L L20 network is used for the input impedance matching The series capacitor C29 on the input port is used for dc blocking purposes The end user can optimize the input matching network for better input return loss but obtaining a better input match may degrade the overall cascaded noise figure performance Figure 12
20. dB Repeat step 4 5 until the gain compresses by 1dB Pout Gain 15 10 14 10 TRF 1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 69 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 SWRA004A 13 10 12 2 9 8 11 4 9 6 10 4 9 6 9 6 9 4 8 7 9 3 7 8 9 2 6 8 9 2 6 0 9 0 lt 1dB Compression Point 5 5 8 5 Low Band Receiver Mixer Third Order Input Intercept Point IIP3 70 Control state 011000 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 21 The third order input intercept point is the level of the RF input power at which the output power levels of the undesired intermodulation products and the desired IF products are equal The measurement is performed using three RF sources anda spectrum analyzer 1 Set the first RF source input power RF Pin and frequency F1 see Table 8 2 Setthe second RF source frequency to the first RF frequency plus 60kHz Fo 3 Using a RF combiner connect the RF sources to the EVM RF input port J15 4 Setthe LO source frequency and input power see Table 8 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 5 Set the spectrum analyzer to measure at the IF frequency Fr see Table 8 6 Connect the EVM IF output port J11 to the spectrum analyzer 7 Measure the Fundamental output power at the IF frequency 8 Measure the Intermodulation products 2F2 or 2F at Fiet 60 kHz 9 Calculate the Intermodulation Suppression
21. loss High Band LO Buffer Output Power Control state 111001 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 20 This section involves measuring the Low Band LO Buffer Output All unused ports will be terminated into 50 The LO buffer output power is measured at the EVM low band LO output port J23 A transformer balun is used to convert the differential output to a single ended output The measurement is performed using a RF source and a spectrum analyzer Set the LO source frequency and input power see Table 4 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 Set the spectrum analyzer to measure at the LO frequency see Table 4 Connect the EVM LO buffer port J23 to the spectrum analyzer Measure the LO buffer output power TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 45 SWRA004A High Band Cascaded Power Leakage LO In to RF In Control state 111001 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 23 The LO leakage at the RF port is measured at the low band RF input port J20 Power leakage is a measure of power in dBm that couples to the RF port The measurement is performed using a RF source and a spectrum analyzer 1 Set the LO source frequency and input power see Table 4 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 2 Set the spectrum analyzer to measure at the LO frequency see Table 4 3 Connect the RF Port J20 to the spectrum analyzer 4 Measure the LO lea
22. measured power dBm at the IF frequency minus the RF source power dBm It is measured using a RF source and a spectrum analyzer 1 Set the RF source power RF Pin and the desired frequency see Table 3 Connect the RF source to the EVM port J10 26 TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO04A 2 Set the LO source power LO Pin and the desired frequency see Table 3 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 3 Setthe spectrum analyzer to measure at the IF frequency see Table 3 4 Connect the EVM IF output port J11 to the spectrum analyzer 5 Measure the IF output power IF Pou at the IF frequency with the spectrum analyzer 6 Calculate the Cascaded Gain as Gain IF Pot RF Pin Transformer Loss The transformer loss is 1 8dB Example 5dBm 30dBm 1 8dB 26 8dB The turn on time can be adjusted by changing the values of C10 R6 and R7 as shown in Figure 21 and Figure 22 The resistors form a voltage divider network across the supply Vcc The function of this network is to provide a bias condition near the ideal operating region at the base of the common emitter amplifier By providing this bias condition the charge time of the series capacitor C10 can be adjusted Changing the value of resistors should not affect gain IIP3 or noise figure NF performance Low Band Cascaded Power Conversion Gain Reduction Control state 011010 SEE APPENDIX A
23. source power LO Pin and the desired LO frequency F o see Table 4 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 Set the spectrum analyzer to measure at the IF frequency Table 4 Connect the EVM IF output port J21 to the spectrum analyzer Measure the output power at the IF frequency IF Pou with the spectrum analyzer Set the RF Frequency to Frr 2 Fr Measure the output power at the IF frequency IF Pou with the spectrum analyzer Calculate the Image Rejection as Image Rejection A between the IF output power at Far and the IF output power at Far 2 Fir TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO004A High Band Cascaded Noise Figure Control state 111001 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 22 The cascaded Noise Figure NF is measured at the EVM Low Band IF output port J21 The measurement is performed using an HP8970B Noise Figure Meter The IF output of the mixer is converted from differential to single ended using a transformer balun The noise figure meter requires a special setup and calibration since the RF source and receive frequencies are different Set up the noise figure meter as follows 1 Special Function 1 4 sets the noise figure meter to measure variable IF and fixed LO frequencies 2 The IF start stop and step size frequencies are set to 100MHz 120MHz and 5MHz respectively 3 Set the smoothing to 16 or above 4 Ens
24. the Intermodulation Suppression as Intermodulation Suppression Intermodulation product 10 Calculate the Input Third Order Intercept Point as 58 Input Third Order Intercept Intermodulation Suppression 2 RF Pin TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO004A High Band Transmit Mixer Test Guide This section involves measuring the High Band Transmit Mixer performance All tests apply for an IF output terminated into a 1 kQ differential load To match the IF output to the 50 O test equipment a transformer balun is used All unused ports are terminated into 50 O Testing the performance of the high transmit mixer can be performed two ways One being the LO Doubler driven no EVM modification needed Two LO is directly driven before measuring the high band transmit mixer performance the EVM board must be modified as follows Remove L40 and C41 add C24 This enables the high band transmit to be directly driven by an LO source Table 6 High Band Transmit Mixer Performance Parameters PARAMETERS Min UNT Tx Mixer Output Frequency H7 LO puPowr d o Bm RF InputPower 84 30 Bm PowrCowembnGan 99 NiseFigue 17 1 RFinutRetunloss 166 dB Power Leakage Tx IntolOIn 565 Power Leakage LO nto TxIn 695 dB 19B Inpu
25. the RF source to the EVM RF port J30 2 Set the LO source power LO Pin and the desired frequency see Table 5 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 52 TRF 1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO04A 3 spectrum analyzer to measure at the IF frequency see Table 5 4 Connect the EVM IF output port J31 to the spectrum analyzer 5 Measure the IF output power IF Pou at the IF frequency with the spectrum analyzer 6 Calculate the Cascaded Gain as Gain IF Pou RF Pin Transformer Loss The transformer loss is 1 8dB Low Band Transmit Mixer Noise Figure Control state 010100 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 22 The cascaded Noise Figure NF is measured at the EVM Low Band IF output port J31 The measurement is performed using an HP8970B Noise Figure Meter The IF output of the mixer is converted from differential to single ended using a transformer balun The noise figure meter requires a special setup and calibration since the RF source and receive frequencies are different Set up the noise figure meter as follows 1 Special Function 1 4 sets the noise figure meter to measure variable IF and fixed LO frequencies 2 The IF start stop and step size frequencies are set to 114MHz 120MHz and 3MHz respectively 3 Set the smoothing to 16 or above 4 Ensure that the Excess Noise Ratio ENR Table on the Noise Source head in use
26. wide band mixer is also available for transmit loop architectures which are commonly used in advanced mobile phone systems global systems for mobile communications and other digital systems The TRF1500 is available in a 48 pin plastic thin quad flatpack package and is characterized for operation from 40C to 85C operating free air temperature Please refer to the data sheet for the TRF1500 TI literature number SLWS041A for detailed information on the device specifications and refer to the users guide for test instructions TI literature number SWRAOO4A TRF 1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO004A Design Considerations The successful integration of a TRF1500 receiver device into a design is dependent upon the performance of the external components and the quality of the board design and layout External Components Component tolerance and Q specifications where applicable should be observed during the selection of any external components The TRF1500 data sheet TI literature number SLWS041A includes a Bill of Materials BOM detailing components with proven performance that are used on the evaluation board The location and orientation of components should also be taken into consideration for maximum performance and manufacturability For example the low band image rejection is dependent on an external Surface Acoustic Wave SAW component This filter is used to reject signal outside the band of t
27. 1 Set the LO source frequency and input power see Table 8 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 2 Setthe spectrum analyzer to measure at the LO frequency see Table 8 3 Connect the RF Port J15 to the spectrum analyzer 4 Measure the LO leakage power Low Band Receiver Mixer Noise Figure Control state 011000 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 22 The low band mixer Noise Figure NF is measured at the EVM Low Band IF output port J11 The measurement is performed using an HP8970B Noise Figure Meter The IF output of the mixer is converted from differential to single ended using a transformer balun The noise figure meter requires a special setup and calibration since the RF source and receive frequencies are different Set up the noise figure meter as follows 1 Special Function 1 4 sets the noise figure meter to measure variable IF and fixed LO frequencies 2 The IF start stop and step size frequencies are set to 100MHz 120MHz and 5MHz respectively 3 Set the smoothing to 16 or above 4 Ensure that the Excess Noise Ratio ENR Table on the Noise Source head in use is entered on the NF meter TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 67 68 04 a On the front panel press the button b Check the ENR value by pressing the Enter button or enter the ENR value for each frequency After entering the ENR for the desired frequency pres
28. 11001 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 20 The 1 dB input compression point is the RF input power at which the gain compresses 1 dB Gain compression is when an increase in P causes no further increase in the output power Pou The measurement is performed using two RF sources and a spectrum analyzer 1 Set the RF source frequency see Table 4 and the input power Pin to 35 dBm Connect the RF source to the EVM RF input port J20 Set the LO source frequency and input power see Table 4 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 Set the spectrum analyzer to measure the output power at the IF frequency Connect the EVM IF output port J21 to the spectrum analyzer Measure the output power Pou at the IF frequency Calculate Gain as Gain Pin To determine the 1 dB compression point the RF Pinis increased in steps of 1 dBm until the gain compresses by 1 dB Repeat step 4 and 5 until the gain compresses by 1dB TRF 1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 47 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 SWRA004A Pout Gain 10 25 9 25 8 25 7 25 6 25 5 25 4 25 3 25 2 25 1 2 24 8 0 4 24 6 0 4 24 4 1 2 24 2 2 2 24 2 3 0 24 0 lt 1dB Compression Point 3 0 23 0 High Band Cascaded 2X2 Spur Performance 48 Control state 111001 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Fig
29. A TRF1500 Control State The TRF1500 operates in 18 different states The control code and active circuits are given in Table 2 Table 2 Control State and the Corresponding Active Circuits Control Code Active Circuits HI LO SYN ON TX ON STRONG SIGNAL X2 000000 Sleep Mode 010000 Low Band LO Input Buffer On LB LO Buffer 011000 Low Band Receive Normal LB LO Buffer LB LNA LB Mixer 011010 Low Band Receive Strong Signal LB LO Buffer LB Mixer 010100 Low Band Transmit Mixer LB LO Buffer LB TX Mixer 011100 Low Band Receive and Transmit Mixer LB LO Buffer LB LNA On High LB Mixer LB TX Mixer 011110 Low Band Transmit Mixer LB LO Buffer LB LNA On High LB Mixer 010001 Doubler On LB LO Buffer Frequency Doubler HB LO Buffer 011001 Low Band Receive Normal Doubler On LB LO Buffer LB LNA LB Mixer Frequency Doubler 011011 Low Band Receive Strong Signal Doubler LB LO Buffer LB Mixer Frequency Doubler On 011111 Low Band Transmit Doubler On LB LO Buffer LB LNA On High LB Mixer LB TX Mixer 111011 High Band Receive Strong Signal Doubler HB LO Buffer HB Mixer Frequency Doubler 110000 High Band LO Input Buffer On HB LO Buffer 111000 High Band Receive Normal HB LO Buffer HB LNA HB Mixer 111010 High Band Receive Strong Signal HB LO Buffer HB Mixer On 111001 High Band Receive Frequency Doubler On LB LO Buffer HB LO Buffer HB LNA HB
30. Evaluation Board Documentation THF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide APPLICATION BRIEF SWHAO004A Wireless Communications Business Unit Digital Signal Processing Solutions July 98 vis TEXAS INSTRUMENTS Texas Instruments reserves the right to make changes to its products or to discontinue semiconductor product or service without notice and advises its customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify before placing orders that the information being relied on is current TI warrants performance of its semiconductor products and related software to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with Tl s standard warranty Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent deems necessary to support this warranty Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed except those mandated by government requirements Certain application using semiconductor products may involve potential risks of death personal injury or severe property or environmental damage Critical Applications TI SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED INTENDED AUTHORIZED OR WARRANTED TO BE SUITABLE FOR USE IN LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS DEVICES OR SYSTEMS OR OTHER CRITICAL APPLICATIONS Inclusion of TI products in such applications is understood to be fully at the risk of the customer Use of TI produc
31. High Band RF Input Configuration c29 L20 LNA HB LNA IN J20 C20 High Band LO Input The high band LO signal is fed through a buffer amplifier into a differential quadrature generator which is realized using a polyphase network The signals generated by the polyphase network are used to drive two mixers which are injected with a common RF signal The IF signals out of these mixers will have a 180 phase shift of the image frequency as compared to the wanted RF frequency As a result of this 180 phase shift the IF signals at the image frequency will cancel in the quadrature combiner The IF signal at the desired frequency will add in the quadrature combiner The TRF1500 offers several methods for providing high band LO drive The high band LO terminal may be directly driven either single ended or differentially Alternately the high band LO terminal may be driven by using the low band LO output and the integrated frequency doubler 36 TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO004A Figure 13 details the TRF1500 configured to utilize the low band LO input and doubler as the high band LO The high band LO signal is injected into the low band LO input The buffered signal is then routed through the doubler The output of the doubler is routed through an external capacitor C40 and into the single ended high band LO input Figure 14 details the TRF1500 configured to utilize the high band LO The signal
32. LO frequency being tested is entered in the Noise figure meter by using Special function 3 1 9 Connect the EVM IF output port J31 to the noise figure meter input port 10 Measure the Noise Figure Low Band Transmit Mixer Input Return Loss 54 Control state 010100 The cascaded input return loss of the low band transmit mixer is measured at the EVM low band RF input port J30 The measurement is performed using a network analyzer Set up the network analyzer as follows to measure the RF input return loss TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO04A 1 Set the network analyzer to measure the low band RF frequency see Table 5 2 Setthe power range to 35 dBm through 20 dBm and then set the input power to 30 dBm 3 Perform a full one port calibration on port 1 of the network analyzer 4 Setthe network analyzer to measure S11 5 Connect the EVM RF input J30 to port 1 of the network analyzer 6 Measure the RF input return loss Low Band Transmit Mixer Power Leakage LO In to TX In Control state 010100 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 23 The LO In leakage at the TX In port is measured at the low band TX input port J30 Power leakage is a measure of power in dBm that couples to the TX port The measurement is performed using a RF source and a spectrum analyzer 1 Set the LO source frequency and input power see Table 5 Connect the LO source to the
33. M RF input port J30 Set the LO source frequency and input power see Table 5 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 Set the spectrum analyzer to measure the output power at the IF frequency Connect The EVM TX IF output port J31 to the spectrum analyzer Measure the output power Pou at the IF frequency To determine the 1 dB compression point the TX RF Pinis increased in steps of 1 dBm until the gain compresses by 1 dB Repeat step 4 and 5 until the gain compresses by 1dB Calculate Gain as Gain Pout Pin Pout Gain 16 19 15 19 14 19 43 19 TRF 1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO04A 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 12 19 11 2 18 8 10 2 18 8 9 2 18 8 8 4 18 6 7 6 18 4 7 8 18 2 6 0 18 0 lt 1dB Compression Point 5 5 17 5 Low Band Transmit Mixer Second Order Input Intercept Point 2 Control state 010100 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 21 Input intercept point is the level of input RF power at which the output power levels of the undesired intermodulation products and IF products are equal The second order intercept point is measured at the IF output port J31 Set the RF source input power RF Pin and frequency see Table 5 Set the LO source input power and frequency see Table 5 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 Set the spectrum analyzer to measure at the IF frequency see
34. R button b Check the ENR value by pressing the Enter button or enter the ENR value for each frequency TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO04A Low Band LNA 4 c After entering the ENR for the desired frequency press the Frequency button on the front panel to exit 5 To calibrate the NF Meter a Connect the Noise Source directly to the NF meter press the calibration button twice b Next press the Noise Figure and Gain Button The corrected LED just above the button should be lit c Calibration is complete Next the external equipment loss is considered RF cable Transmission line 6 The Losses are entered in the Noise Figure Meter by using special function 34 x a Special Function 34 1 turns on the Loss compensation factor b Special Function 34 2 is used to enter the loss before the DUT c Special Function 34 3 is used to enter the room temperature in Kelvin 300 K d Finally Special Function 34 4 is used to enter the loss after the DUT e Special Function 34 0 is used to turn off the loss compensation factor The noise figure is measured as follows 7 Connecting the noise source directly to the Low Band LNA input port J10 8 Connect the EVM LNA output port J15 to the noise figure meter input port 9 Measure the noise figure for each frequency Third Order Input Intercept Point IIP3 Control state 011000 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test
35. analyzer 1 Set the RF source frequency see Table 7 and the input power to 35 dBm Connect the RF source to the EVM RF input port J10 2 Setthe spectrum analyzer to measure the output power at the desired LNA frequency 3 Connect The EVM LNA output port J15 to the spectrum analyzer 4 Measure the output power at the LNA frequency 5 Calculate Gain as Gain Pin TRF 1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 61 SWRAO04A 6 To determine the 1 dB compression point the RF Pinis increased in steps of 1 dBm until the gain compresses by 1 dB Repeat step 4 and 5 until the gain compresses by 1dB RF Pin Pout Gain 35 20 15 34 19 15 33 18 15 32 17 15 31 16 15 30 15 15 29 14 15 28 13 15 27 12 15 26 11 14 8 25 10 4 14 6 24 9 4 14 6 23 8 8 14 2 22 7 8 14 2 21 7 0 14 0 1dB Compression Point 20 7 0 13 0 Low Band LNA Noise Figure 62 Control state 011000 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 25 The LNA Noise Figure NF is measured at the LNA output port J15 The measurement is performed using an HP8970B Noise Figure Meter 1 Set up the Noise figure meter as follows 2 Set start stop frequency see Table 7 and the step size to 12 5 MHz 3 Set the smoothing to 16 or above 4 Insure that the Excess Noise Ratio ENR Table on the Noise Source head in use is entered on the NF meter a On the front panel press EN
36. ance can be ascertained by reconfiguring the evaluation board as noted on the datasheet Low Band Mixer RF Input Figure 7 details the mixer RF input configuration The signal from the LNA passes through the external image reject SAW filter and back into the device s low band mixer input terminal MIX IN LOW BAND Minimal mixer input impedance matching is required A high pass shunt L L11 and series C C13 network are used for impedance matching the SAW filter output to the mixer RF input The shunt inductor presents a short at the IF frequency This configuration minimizes the IF leakage and prevents unwanted interfering signals at or near the IF frequency from degrading the mixer s noise figure performance Figure 7 Low Band Mixer RF Input Configuration Mixer C13 RF IN from external SAVY L11 22 TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO04A Low Band Mixer LO Input Figure 8 details the low band mixer LO input configuration The input power range level for the LO buffer amplifier is flexible enough 3 dBm to 7 dBm to drive the mixer without entering compression The LO signal is injected through an internal LO buffer amplifier and into the mixer A high pass shunt L L14 and series C C17 network is used for impedance matching The inductor also shunts to ground any undesired noise that could be injected to the mixer Figure 8 Low Band Mixer LO Input Configuration LB LO IN LO Buffer v
37. calculate the microstrip transmission lines Frequency 2 070 GHz ER 4 400 FR4 Height 12 0000 mils Thickness 1 5000 mils Copper Electrical Parameters ZO 35 350 90 000 Results Physical Parameters Width 37 777 Length 771 149 Figure 16 High Band LO Buffer Amplifier Output Configuration Wez37777 L 771 149 ZO 35 350 HIGH BAND LO OUT C28 T22 LE m HIGH BAND LO OUT C27 BUFFER OUT J23 We 37 777 L 771 149 ZO 35 350 TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 39 SWRAO004A High Band Cascaded Test Guide This section involves measuring the cascaded performance of the High Band LNA High Band Mixer and High Band IF Amp using the Frequency Doubler All tests apply for an IF output terminated into a 1 kO differential load A transformer balun is used to match the IF output to the 50 Q test equipment All unused ports are terminated into 50 O Table 4 HB LNA HB mixer HB IF amp PARAMETERS Min Typ Mex UNIT Frequency 52 RFinputPower LOlmputPower 5 PowerConverionGan 263 dB Power Conversion Gain Reduction 435 dB ImageRejetion 225 e Noise Figure CT 466 dB RFinputRetunloss w dB LO Buffer Output Power m dBm Power Leakage LO Into RFin
38. ceiver Section RF IN IF OUT LO Buffer LO IN 18 TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO04A Low Band LNA In a typical down conversion receiver the LNA is usually placed directly after the antenna and a band select filter The purpose of the LNA is to amplify the desired signal being received while adding as little undesired noise and distortion as possible The TRF1500 LNA is a common emitter amplifier designed to operate on a single 3 75 volt supply The LNA has two selectable gain states normal state or strong signal state which are controlled with the digital CMOS control lines The strong signal state which disables the LNA is provided for operation in a high signal environment such as near the base station Operating near the base station in the normal state could cause an increase in the intermodulation product levels and thus cause undesired noise and distortion in the receiver Stand alone LNA performance can be ascertained by reconfiguring the evaluation board as noted on the datasheet Low Band LNA Turn on Time The turn on time can be adjusted by changing the values of C10 R6 and R7 as shown in Figure and Figure 4 The resistors form a voltage divider network across the supply Vcc The function of this network is to provide a bias condition near the ideal operating region at the base of the common emitter amplifier By providing this bias condition the charge time of the series capa
39. citor C10 can be adjusted Changing the value of resistors should not affect gain or noise figure NF performance Figure 3 Voltage Divider at Low Band LNA Input VBB C R 5 Rb E e VBB WAV RB RB R7 Vcc Rb 7 Rb 1 VBB Vcc Rb vcc vBB TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 19 SWRA004A Low Band LNA Input Figure 4 details the low band LNA input configuration The LNA input impedance matching network primarily determines the cascaded gain noise figure and input return loss performance of the low band receiver section A simple high pass shunt L L10 impedance matching network is used for optimum noise figure performance The trade off for this optimization is a lower input return loss in the pass band but with sufficient attenuation in the stop band C10 has minimal effect on matching and is used mainly to optimize the turn on time Figure 4 Low Band LNA Input Configuration E 3 i Low Band LNA Output Figure 5 details the LNA output configuration The LNA output impedance matching network has several functions The matching network optimizes the third order input intercept point IIP3 performance while also matching the LNA output impedance to the Surface Acoustic Wave SAW filter input impedance A shunt C C11 is used to match the LNA output to the SAW filter input Increasing the value of the shun
40. convert the differential output to a single ended output The measurement is performed using a RF source and a spectrum analyzer 1 Set the LO source frequency and input power see Table 3 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 2 Setthe spectrum analyzer to measure at the LO frequency see Table 3 3 Connect the EVM LO buffer port J13 to the spectrum analyzer 4 Measure the LO buffer output power Low Band Power Leakage LO In to RF In Control state 011000 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 23 The LO leakage at the RF port is measured at the low band RF input port J10 Power leakage is a measure of power in dBm that couples to the RF port The measurement is performed using a source a spectrum analyzer 1 Set the LO source frequency and input power see Table 3 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 2 Setthe spectrum analyzer to measure at the LO frequency see Table 3 3 Connect the RF Port J10 to the spectrum analyzer 4 Measure the LO leakage power TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 31 04 Low Band Cascaded Third Order Input Intercept Point IIP3 Control state 011000 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 21 The third order input intercept point is the level of the RF input power at which the output power levels of the undesired intermodulation products and the desired IF products a
41. cy of 880 MHz as shown in Figure 6 Figure 6 SAW Filter Insertion Loss 0 5 d 10 4 15 20 25 4 30 35 40 45 50 55 Insertion Loss dB 60 S qe SAW Filter Insertion Loss Frequency MHz TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 21 SWRA004A Low Band Mixer The purpose of the mixer in a down conversion receiver is to translate incoming signals from one frequency to another The low band mixer in the TRF1500 is a three port high side injected circuit The mixer takes two known input signals a radio frequency RF signal and a local oscillator LO signal and mixes them together to create a sum and difference intermediate frequency IF High side injection means the LO is higher in frequency than the RF by the IF frequency The output of the mixer is the IF and contains the difference and the sum of the RF and LO signals The difference of the RF and LO signals is the desired IF frequency in a down conversion receiver The undesired signal the sum of the RF and LO frequencies can be attenuated by using a low pass filter The low band mixer section of the TRF1500 is a Gilbert cell design with open collector outputs The Gilbert cell structure was used for its robust isolation and harmonic suppression characteristics The TRF1500 mixer typically achieves a noise figure of 7 5 dB with an input third order intercept point of 3 5 dBm Stand alone mixer perform
42. ected back to the mixer The series capacitor C51 near the HB IF OUT port is used as a dc block for evaluation purposes and does not have to be implemented in the end users system Figure 15 High Band IF Output Configuration C23 Yeo ez gt 121 122 HB IF Out 52 431 69 L52 C22 C23 t 1 38 1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO004A High Band LO Buffer Amplifier Output Figure 16 details the high band LO buffer amplifier configuration The high band LO buffer can be used in either single ended or differential mode for a phase lock loop PLL configuration The buffer is digitally controlled and requires an operating drive level ranging from 3 to 7dBm For evaluation purposes a 1 1 transformer balun with an insertion loss of 2 7 dB is used to convert the differential output to a single ended output The series capacitors at the buffer output are for dc blocking The transmission line on the output of the buffer amplifier are used to convert the 1000 differential to 500 differential The transmission lines on the output of the buffer amplifier can be modeled as microstrip lines The values used for the calculations depend on the PCB substrate the board stackup and the required impedance The physical dimensions of the microstip lines can be calculated with standard transmission line equations using the following values The following information are used to
43. ectrum analyzer Measure the output power 1 Pou at the IF frequency Set the RF source Frequency to Far 2 3 Fic and the source power to 50dBm Measure the output power 2 Pou at the IF frequency Calculate 3 x 3 spur performance as 3 x 3 spur performance 1 Pout 2 Pout TRF 1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 49 SWRAO004A Low Band and High Band Transmit Low and High Band Transmit Mixer Figure 17 details the block diagram of the transmit mixer The TRF1500 provides a transmit mixer for down converting the system transmit signal low band or high band to a common IF for loop back testing The LO input for this mixer can be selected from either the low band LO input or the high band LO input by means of the digital control The RF input of the transmit mixer provides a broad band 2009 differential input impedance over a band of 800 MHz to 2GHz and thus requires minimal external matching The mixer is a double balanced Gilbert cell design with open collector outputs The Gilbert cell structure was implemented for its robust isolation and harmonic suppression characteristics Figure 17 Transmit Mixer Block Diagram Buffer Amp High Band TX LO In Mixer Low Band Low Band or High Band TX LO In TX IF Out Buffer Amp Buffer Amp Low Band or High Band TX RF In Low Band and High Band Transmit Mixer RF Input Figure 18 details the transmit mixer RF input configuration The transmit mixe
44. er to measure the low band RF frequency range see Table 7 2 Set the power range to 35 dBm to 20 dBm a Setthe input power to 30 dBm 3 Perform a full two port calibration 4 Connect the low band LNA input port J10 and output port J15 to the 511 and S22 port of the network analyzer respectively 5 Set the network analyzer to measure S21 6 Measure the gain Input Return Loss Control state 011000 TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO04A Low Band LNA Low Band LNA Low Band LNA The LNA input return loss is measured at the input Port J10 Using the calibration performed above set the network analyzer to measure 511 Output Return Loss Control state 011000 The LNA output return loss is measured at the output port J15 Using the calibration performed above set the network analyzer to measure S22 Isolation Control state 011000 The isolation of the Low Band LNA is a measure of the attenuation between the output of the LNA and the input of the LNA Use the calibration performed above set the network analyzer to measure 12 1dB Input Compression Point Control state 011000 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 27 The 1 dB input compression point is the RF input power at which the gain compresses 1 dB and when an increase in Pi causes further increase in the output power The measurement is performed using two RF sources and a spectrum
45. formed using two RF sources and a spectrum analyzer 1 Set the RF source frequency see Table 3 and the input power Pin to 35 dBm Connect the RF source to the EVM RF input port J10 Set the LO source frequency and input power see Table 3 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 Set the spectrum analyzer to measure the output power at the IF frequency Connect the EVM IF output port J11 to the spectrum analyzer Measure the output power Pou at the IF frequency Calculate Gain as Gain Pout E Pin To determine the 1 dB compression point the RF Pinis increased in steps of 1 dBm until the gain compresses by 1 dB Repeat step 4 5 until the gain compresses by 1dB Pout Gain 10 25 9 25 8 25 7 25 6 25 5 25 4 25 3 25 2 25 1 2 24 8 0 4 24 6 TRF 1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 33 24 23 22 21 20 SWRA004A 0 4 24 4 1 2 24 2 2 2 24 2 3 0 24 0 lt 1dB Compression Point 3 0 23 0 Low Band Cascaded 1dB Blocking Point Control state 011000 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS 34 Test setup Figure 21 The 1dB Blocking Point is a measurement of the power dBm of the interfering signal measured at the EVM IF output port J11 The measurement is performed using three sources and a spectrum analyzer 1 2 Set the RF source frequency and input power see Table 3 Set the RF Blocking source frequency to the RF frequency minus 45 MHz at 30dBm in
46. gure Measurements NOISE FIGURE METER 74 TRF 1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO004A Figure 26 Test Bench Setup LNA Third Order Input Intercept Point Measurement RF SIGNAL SOURCE RF SIGNAL SOURCE Figure 27 Test Bench Setup LNA 1 Input Compression Point DC POWER DC POWER RF SIGNAL SPECTRUM SOURCE ANALYZER TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 75
47. gure meter requires a special setup and calibration since the RF source and receive frequencies are different Set up the noise figure meter as follows 1 Special Function 1 4 sets the noise figure meter to measure variable IF and fixed LO frequencies 2 The IF start stop and step size frequencies are set to 100MHz 120MHz 5MHz respectively 3 Set the smoothing to 16 or above 4 Ensure that the Excess Noise Ratio ENR Table on the Noise Source head in use is entered on the NF meter a On the front panel press the ENR button b Check the ENR value by pressing the Enter button or enter the ENR value for each frequency After entering the ENR for the desired frequency press the Frequency button on the front panel to exit 5 To calibrate the NF Meter a Connect the Noise Source directly to the NF meter press the calibration twice TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO04A b Next press the Noise Figure and Gain Button The corrected LED just above the button should be lit c Calibration is complete Enter the desired IF frequency to measure Next the external equipment Loss is considered RF cable Transmission line filter and circulator 6 The losses are entered in the Noise Figure Meter by using special function 34 x a Special Function 34 1 turns on the loss compensation factor b Special Function 34 2 is used to enter the loss before the DUT C
48. he receiver and has been chosen to maximize the TRF1500 performance while maintaining minimum size and cost Board Design and Impedance Matching The quality of the board layout is also critical to the TRF1500 performance Correct transmission line impedances must be maintained throughout the design to insure maximum performance Correct transmission line impedances can be maintained by using proper line widths and board stack up in relation to the dielectric constant of the board material Utilizing the correct external component to match the device impedance to board transmission line impedance is also very important For measurement simplicity the evaluation board utilizes RF Balun transformers for impedance matching selected differential inputs and outputs to single ended inputs and outputs Please note that the Baluns are used only for evaluating the device on the evaluation board and do not have to be included in the end user s application To minimize unwanted signal interference and coupling digital lines should be routed around and away from the receiver On a multi layer board running a separate plane for the digital lines is highly recommended Power supply lines should be filtered and regulated as close as possible at the device terminal TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 13 SWRA004A TRF 1500 Dual Band Receiver A block diagram of the TRF1500 dual band receiver front end down converter is sho
49. is directly injected into the high band LO input which directly drives the high band down converter Note To use the high band LO input remove C40 and L40 and change the value of C41 to 1pF and populate C24 Figure 13 High Band LO Frequency Doubler Driven Configuration Image Reject Mixer L40 LB LO IN 412 Freq Doubler C40 C17 114 C41 Figure 14 High Band LO Directly Driven Configuration Image Reject Mixer C41 C24 HB LO IN 422 TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band Receiver User s Guide 37 SWRA004A High Band IF Output Figure 15 details the high band mixer IF output configuration The high band mixer has a differential IF output with a 1kQ differential output impedance For evaluation purposes a 16 1 transformer balun with an insertion loss of 1 8 dB is used to transform the 1kQ differential output to a single ended output which is then matched to 500 In the actual application the IF output is usually connected to a narrow band channel select filter with a differential input and the transformer balun is not required The supply voltage VCC is applied to the IF terminals with pull up inductors L21 L22 A low pass filter network is provided prior to the balun The filter also acts as part of the impedance matching network The IF response is shaped by the shunt L L52 after the transformer balun L52 is also used to block unwanted noise that could be refl
50. is entered on the NF meter a On the front panel press the ENR button b Check the ENR value by pressing the Enter button or enter the ENR value for each frequency After entering the ENR for the desired frequency press the Frequency button on the front panel to exit 5 To calibrate the NF Meter a Connect the Noise Source directly to the NF meter press the calibration button twice TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 53 SWRA004A b Next press the Noise Figure and Gain Button The corrected LED just above the button should be lit c Calibration is complete Enter the desired IF frequency to measure Next the external equipment Loss is considered RF cable Transmission line filter and circulator 6 The losses are entered in the Noise Figure Meter by using special function 34 x a Special Function 34 1 turns on the loss compensation factor b Special Function 34 2 is used to enter the loss before the DUT c Special Function 34 3 is used to enter the room temperature in Kelvin 300 K d Special Function 34 4 is used to enter the loss after the DUT e Special Function 34 0 is used to turn off the loss compensation factor The noise figure is measured as follows 7 Connect the noise source directly to the EVM RF input port J30 8 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 a Set the LO source at the nominal power and frequency See Table 5 b Each
51. kage power High Band Cascaded Third Order Input Intercept Point IIP3 Control state 111001 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 21 The third order input intercept point is the level of the RF input power at which the output power levels of the undesired intermodulation products and the desired IF products are equal The measurement is performed using three RF sources anda spectrum analyzer 1 Set the first RF source input power RF Pin and frequency F see Table 4 2 Setthe second RF source frequency to the first RF frequency plus 120kHz Fo 3 Using a RF combiner connect the RF sources to the EVM RF input port J20 4 Setthe LO source frequency and input power see Table 4 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 5 Set the spectrum analyzer to measure at the IF frequency Fr see Table 4 46 TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO04A 35 Connect the EVM IF output port J21 to the spectrum analyzer Measure the Fundamental output power at the IF frequency Measure the Intermodulation products 2F2 or 2F F2 at Fiet 120 kHz Calculate the Intermodulation Suppression as Intermodulation Suppression Intermodulation product 10 Calculate the Input Third Order Intercept Point as Input Third Order Intercept Intermodulation Suppression 2 RF Pin High Band Cascaded 1dB Input Compression Point Control state 1
52. lace C54 The EVM board is now modified to use J15 as the input port of the Receiver Mixer Table 8 Low Band Heceiver Mixer Parameters ZEEE 979 52 110 52 30 o ER NE NTUM 75 35 Low Band Receiver Mixer Power Conversion Gain Control state 011000 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 20 The receiver mixer conversion gain dB is the measured power dBm at the IF frequency minus the RF source power dBm It is measured using a RF source and a spectrum analyzer 1 Set the RF source power RF Pin and the desired frequency see Table 8 Connect the RF source to the EVM port J15 2 Set the LO source power LO Pin and the desired frequency see Table 8 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 3 Setthe spectrum analyzer to measure at the IF frequency see Table 8 4 Connect the EVM IF output port J11 to the spectrum analyzer TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 65 SWRA004A 5 Measure the IF output power IF Pou at the IF frequency with the spectrum analyzer 6 Calculate the Cascaded Gain as Gain IF Pou RF Pin Transformer Loss The transformer loss is 1 8dB Low Band Receiver Mixer Input Return Loss 66 Control state 011000 The input return loss of the low band receiver mixer is measured at the low band RF input port J15 The measurement is performed using a network analyzer The
53. lg 11 Worle Wide W or CC 11 Re EDUC 11 12 Design Considerations ws icici ci iii heehee edad eens 13 External Components c ep bep na Hermes RR He kn IER ER Lee 13 Board Design and Impedance 13 TRE 1500 Dual Band Receiver 14 TRF1500 Control Stale ecrire tue Ya cutee aAa KAANAA Ou cro cusa nea rane ida 17 Low Band Cascaded Receiver Section LNA External SAW Filter Mixer and LO ulcer 18 Low Band EA coe acne te don 19 Low Band LNA Turion TII ioc eto pcne eoe te Ste ei e HD eu d RO Gus t I eR 19 Low Band DNA rece spe ro rhetor dede iets ie o Pee EE 20 Low Band ELNA QUOT icine teer teet or Eq 20 Surface Acoustic Wave SAW 21 Low Band dee rad toten dede 22 bowsBand Mixer RE Inplit xo om OE ERN ERR UR B ERR RT 22 EowsBand Mixer EO Input rrt epe etd ea etra n 23 Bac OHDUb uci ietotatit 23 Low Band LO Buffer Amplifier eee 24 Low Band Cascaded Test Guide
54. loped the TRF1500 receiver The TRF1500 is a fully integrated dual band receiver in a single package The selection of the external components and the layout of the system board required to complete a transceiver design are critical to achieve maximum performance This application report discusses the implementation and impedance matching of each section of the TRF1500 to keep the required board area to a minimum and minimizing external components while maximizing performance It also discusses parameter measurement techniques TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 9 SWRAO004A Product Support The TI Advantage Extends Beyond RF to Every Other Major Wireless System Block SINGLE CHIP ANALOG BASEBAND Receiver H TRF1xxx Synthesizer Power Amp TREZO TRF8xxx RF Interface User Display I C470 Keyboard li SIM Card Audio TMS320C54X Interface z j DSP Core S W SINGLE CHIP DIGITAL BASEBAND Digital Baseband TI s single chip Digital Baseband Platform combines two high performance core processors a digital signal processor tailored for digital wireless applications and a microcontroller designed specifically for low power embedded systems The customizable platform helps wireless digital telephone manufacturers lower component counts save board space reduce power consumption introduce new features save development costs a
55. may help minimize any mismatches between the EVM board and test equipment Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 a Set the LO source at the nominal power and frequency See Table 4 b Each LO frequency being tested is entered in the Noise figure meter by using Special function 3 1 If the source has excessive broad band noise a filter at the LO port J12 may be necessary to eliminate the broad band noise during testing Connect the EVM IF output port J21 to the noise figure meter input port a A bandpass or low pass filter may be necessary on the IF port to eliminate the LO signal interference and get an accurate noise measurement 10 Measure the Noise Figure High Band Cascaded RF Input Return Loss 44 Control state 111001 The cascaded input return loss of the high band is measured at the high band RF input port J20 The measurement is performed using a network analyzer Set up the network analyzer as follows to measure the RF input return loss TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO04A Set the network analyzer to measure the low band RF frequency see Table 4 Set the power range to 35 dBm through 20 dBm and then set the input power to 30 dBm Perform a full one port calibration on port 1 of the network analyzer Set the network analyzer to measure S11 Connect the EVM RF input J20 to port 1 of the network analyzer Measure the RF input return
56. nd achieve faster time to market at the same time giving them flexibility and performance to support any standard worldwide Analog Baseband Tl analog baseband components provide a Mixed signal bridge between the real world of analog signals and digital signal processors the key enabling technology of the digital wireless industry Using a seamless architecture for wireless communications technology matches its baseband interfaces radio frequency ICs and power management ICs to digital signal processing engines to create complete DSP Solutions for digital wireless systems Power Management TI provides power management solutions with integration levels designed to meet the needs of a range of wireless applications From discrete LDOs and voltage supervisors to complete power supplies for the baseband section power management solutions play an important role in increasing wireless battery life time to market and system functionality For more information visit the Wireless Communications web site at www ti com sc docs wireless home htm 10 TRF 1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO004A Related Documentation The following list specifies product names part numbers and literature numbers of corresponding TI documentation Dual Band Dual Mode PCS Receiver Literature number SLWS041A World Wide Web Our World Wide Web site at www ti com contains the most up to date product information revi
57. network analyzer is set up to measure the low band receiver frequency range see Table 8 The network analyzer power range is set to 35 dBm to 20 dBm the input power is set to 30 dBm Perform a full one port or two port calibration Set the network analyzer to measure S11 To measure the receiver mixer input return loss connect the RF input port J15 to S11 port of the network analyzer The input return loss of the low band mixer is measured at the low band mixer input port J15 The measurement is performed using a network analyzer Set up the network analyzer as follows to measure the RF input return loss 1 Set the network analyzer to measure the low band RF frequency see Table 8 2 Setthe power range to 35 dBm through 20 dBm and then set the input power to 30 dBm 3 Perform a full one port calibration on port 1 of the network analyzer 4 Setthe network analyzer to measure S11 5 Connect the EVM RF input J15 to port 1 of the network analyzer 6 Measure the RF input return loss TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO004A Low Band Receiver Mixer Power Leakage LO In to RF In Control state 011000 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 23 The LO leakage at the RF port is measured at the low band mixer RF input port J15 Power leakage is a measure of power in dBm that couples to the RF port The measurement is performed using a RF source and a spectrum analyzer
58. put Configuration LB IF OUT en IF Buffer Low Band LO Buffer Amplifier Output 24 Figure 10 details the low band LO buffer amplifier configuration The low band LO buffer amplifier can be used in either single ended or differential mode for a phase lock loop PLL configuration The buffer is digitally controlled and requires a operating drive level ranging from 3 to 7 dBm For evaluation purposes a 1 1 transformer balun with an insertion loss of 2 7 dB is used to convert the differential output to a single ended output The series capacitors at the buffer output are used for dc blocking The transmission line on the output of the buffer amplifier are used to convert the 100Q differential to 50Q differential The transmission lines on the output of the buffer amplifier can be modeled as microstrip lines The values used for the calculations depend on the PCB substrate the board stackup and the required impedance The physical dimensions of the microstrip lines can be calculated using standard microstrip transmission line equations using the following values Frequency 990 MHz ER 4 400 FR4 Height 12 0000 mils Thickness 1 5000 mils Copper Electrical Parameters ZO 35 350 Ohms E_EFF 90 000 Physical Parameters Width 37 777 mils Length 1613 305 mils TRF 1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWHRA004A Figure 10 Low Band Buffer Amplifier Output Configuration
59. put power Using a RF combiner connect the RF sources to the EVM RF port J10 Set the LO source frequency and input power see Table 3 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 Set the spectrum analyzer to measure the output power at the IF frequency Connect the EVM IF port J11 to the spectrum analyzer To determine the 1dB Blocking Point increase the RF Blocking source input power until the output power at the IF frequency is decreased by 1dB Disconnect the Blocking source Connect the Blocking source directly to the spectrum analyzer and change the spectrum analyzer s frequency to the frequency of the Blocking source 10 Measure the power of the Blocking source TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO004A High Band Cascaded Receiver Section LNA Mixer LO Buffer Amplifier Cascaded High Band Receiver Section LNA Mixer and LO Amplifier The TRF1500 high band receiver section shown in Figure 11 is an integrated front end down converter designed to operate in the 1900 MHz frequency range The high band down converter consists of an LNA an image reject mixer and LO buffer amplifier circuitry Figure 11 details the cascaded block diagram with the image reject mixer detailed inside the dotted box The digital control allows the high band receiver to operate in three different states to compensate for the environment in which the TRF1500 is operating The high band receiver
60. r Leakage LO In to 67 Low Band Receiver Mixer Noise Figure 67 Low Band Receiver Mixer 1dB RF Input Compression 69 Low Band Receiver Mixer Third Order Input Intercept Point IIP3 70 Appendix A Test Bench Configuration eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeennnnn nnn 72 Figures Figure 1 TRF1500 Dual Band Receiver Block Diagram 14 Figure 2 Cascaded Block Diagram of the Low Band Receiver Section 18 Figure Voltage Divider at Low Band LNA 19 Figure 4 Low Band LNA Input Configuration 20 Figure 5 Low Band LNA Output 21 Figure 6 SAW Filter Insertion LOSS a copie par ber reor reg eoe eec ope ce xs 21 Figure 7 Low Band Mixer RF Input 22 Figure 8 Low Band Mixer LO Input 23 Figure 9 Low Band IF Output Configuration 24 Figure 10 Low Band Buffer Amplifier Output Configuration 25 Figure 11 Block Diagram of the High Band Receiver 35 Figure 12 High Band RF Input
61. r can be either driven single ended or differentially For evaluation purposes a 4 1 transformer balun is used on the EVM to drive the transmit mixer single ended The input requires very little external matching A shunt capacitor C35 near the input port J30 and a shunt capacitor C36 near the transformer balun T30 are the only input impedance matching components required 50 TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO004A Figure 18 Low and High Band Transmit Mixer Input Configuration TX IN pos C30 Buffer Amplifier fae Low and High Band Transmit Mixer IF Output Figure 19 details the transmit mixer IF output configuration The transmit mixer has a differential IF output with a 1kQ differential impedance For evaluation purposes a 16 1 transformer balun with an insertion loss of 1 8 dB is used to transform the 1kQ differential output to a single ended output which is then matched to 50Q The supply voltage VCC is applied to the IF pins with pull up inductors L30 L31 A low pass filter network is provided prior to the balun This filter also acts as part of the impedance matching network The IF response is shaped by the shunt inductor L50 after the transformer balun L50 is also used to block unwanted noise that could be reflected back to the mixer The series capacitor C50 near the TX_IF_OUT port is used as a dc block for evaluation purposes and does not have to
62. re equal The measurement is performed using three RF sources and a spectrum analyzer 1 Set the first RF source input power RF Pin and frequency F see Table 3 Set the second RF source frequency to the first RF frequency plus 60kHz Fo Using a RF combiner connect the RF sources to the EVM RF input port J10 Set the LO source frequency and input power see Table 3 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 Set the spectrum analyzer to measure at the IF frequency Fr see Table 3 Connect the EVM IF output port J11 to the spectrum analyzer Measure the Fundamental output power at the IF frequency Measure the Intermodulation products 2F2 or 2F Fz at Fiet 60 kHz Calculate the Intermodulation Suppression as Intermodulation Suppression Intermodulation product 10 Calculate the Input Third Order Intercept Point as 32 Input Third Order Intercept Intermodulation Suppression 2 RF Pin TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO04A Low Band Cascaded 1dB RF Input Compression Point RF Pin 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 Control state 011000 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 20 The 1 dB input compression point is the RF input power at which the gain compresses 1 dB Gain compression is when an increase in Pn causes no further increase in the output power Pou The measurement is per
63. s the Frequency button on the front panel to exit To calibrate the NF Meter a Connect the Noise Source directly to the NF meter press the calibration button twice b Next press the Noise Figure and Gain Button The corrected LED just above the button should be lit c Calibration is complete Enter the desired IF frequency to measure Next the external equipment Loss is considered RF cable Transmission line filter and circulator 6 The losses are entered in the Noise Figure Meter by using special function 34 x a Special Function 34 1 turns on the loss compensation factor b Special Function 34 2 is used to enter the loss before the DUT C Special Function 34 3 is used to enter the room temperature in Kelvin 300 K d Special Function 34 4 is used to enter the loss after the DUT e Special Function 34 0 is used to turn off the loss compensation factor The noise figure is measured as follows 7 8 Connect the noise source directly to the EVM RF input port J15 a Acirculator between the noise source and RF input port may help minimize any mismatches between the EVM board and test equipment Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 a Set the LO source at the nominal power and frequency See Table 8 b Each LO frequency being tested is entered in the Noise figure meter by using Special function 3 1 If the source has excessive broad band noise a filter at the LO port
64. setup Figure 26 TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 63 64 SWRAO04A The third order input intercept point is the level of the RF input power at which the output power levels of the undesired intermodulation products and the desired products are equal The measurement is performed using two RF sources and a spectrum analyzer Set the first RF source input power RF Pin and frequency F1 see Table 7 Set the second RF source frequency to the first RF frequency plus 60kHz Fo Using a RF combiner connect the RF sources to the EVM RF input port J10 Set the spectrum analyzer to measure at the RF frequency F1 see Table 7 Connect the EVM IF output port J11 to the spectrum analyzer Measure the Fundamental output power at the RF frequency Measure the Intermodulation products 2F2 or 2F F2 at Fiet 60 kHz Calculate the Intermodulation Suppression as Intermodulation Suppression Intermodulation product Calculate the Input Third Order Intercept Point as Input Third Order Intercept Intermodulation Suppression 2 RF Pin TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO004A Low Band Receiver Mixer Stand Alone Test Guide This section involves measuring the Low Band Receiver Mixer All unused ports will be terminated into 50 O Before measuring the low band Mixer separately the EVM board must be modified as follows Remove C12 and p
65. sions and additions Users registering with TI amp ME can build custom information pages receive new product updates automatically via email Email For technical issues or clarification on switching products please send a detailed email to sc infomaster ti com Questions receive prompt attention and are usually answered within one business day TRF 1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 11 Introduction 12 SWHRA004A The TRF1500 is a dual band dual mode Personal Communications System PCS receiver for cellular telephones operating dual mode analog and digital in the 800 MHz band and single mode digital in the 1900 MHz band The TRF1500 consists of a low noise amplifier LNA and mixer for each band For image rejection the low band receiver relies on an off chip image rejection filter between the LNA and mixer while the high band receiver uses an image rejection mixer The device operates from a single 3 75 volt supply and is controlled by six digital CMOS control lines The digital control offers a wide range of control states including a sleep mode where the device typically draws less than 54A Additionally the local oscillator LO inputs have buffered outputs that can be used in either single ended or differential mode for a phase locked loop PLL configuration A state is also available that allows the low band LO to serve as the high band LO through a mode selectable frequency doubler A
66. t Compression Poit 157 Second Order Input Intercept point IIP2 2 dBm Third Order Input Intercept Point IIP3 To test the High Band Transmit Mixer parameters use the procedure for the Low Band Transmit Mixer with the following exception Control state mode 110100 and when testing the Third order intercept point the RF signal separation is 120kHz TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 59 SWRAO04A Low Band LNA Stand Alone Test Guide This section involves measuring the Low Band LNA by itself All unused ports are terminated into 50Q Before measuring the low band LNA by itself the EVM board must be modified as follows Remove C12 and place C53 The EVM board is now modified to use J15 as the output port of the LNA Table 7 Low Band LNA Parameters Parameters Typ Units RF Input Power dBm Lo a Gan 5 dB RFinputRetunloss 65 dB RFOuputretunlos 4 dB Isolation 18 dB Third Order Input Intercept Point P3 3 1dBInputcompressionPoint 135 dBm Low Band LNA Low Band LNA 60 Gain Control state 011000 The LNA gain is measured from the input port J10 through the output port J15 The measurement is performed using a network analyzer 1 Setup the network analyz
67. t capacitor will improve the gain and noise figure performance but will degrade the third order input intercept point The end user can adjust the LNA input and output matching network to optimize a particular parameter of interest 20 TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO04A Figure 5 Low Band LNA Output Configuration External SAW gt s Surface Acoustic Wave SAW Filter The SAW filter is used primarily as an image reject filter IRF The image frequency fim is located at the desired channel frequency fcn plus two times the IF frequency fic fim fcu 2 fic The image frequency acts as an interferer to the system During the down conversion process the image and the desired channel are both converted to a common IF Left unfiltered the image could completely mask the desired signal The IRF rejects this image before the RF signal is introduced to the mixer By minimizing the image before it reaches the mixer the sensitivity of the receiver is enhanced To further minimize potential interferers a band select filter is typically used at the front of the receiver before the LNA The band select filter passes only those frequencies that fall within the system receive band In many TDMA systems the duplexor acts as the band select filter The off chip SAW image reject filter used on the TRF1500 applications board has a 3dB nominal insertion loss and a 25 MHz bandwidth at a center frequen
68. ts in such applications requires the written approval of an appropriate TI officer Questions concerning potential risk applications should be directed to TI through a local SC sales office In order to minimize risks associated with the customer s applications adequate design and operating safeguards should be provided by the customer to minimize inherent or procedural hazards TI assumes no liability for applications assistance customer product design software performance or infringement of patents or services described herein Nor does warrant or represent that any license either express or implied is granted under any patent right copyright mask work right or other intellectual property right of TI covering or relating to any combination machine or process in which such semiconductor products or services might be or are used Copyright 1998 Texas Instruments Incorporated TRADEMARKS Tl is a trademark of Texas Instruments Incorporated Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners PIC TELEPHONE 972 644 5580 PIC FAX 972 480 7800 HP SUPPORT LINE 972 480 7872 PIC email sc infomaster ti com Contents PDS p e Q 9 Product 50 eei i eed 10 The TI Advantage Extends Beyond RF to Every Other Major Wireless System PIO CH qmd TCI D Cm 10 Figlaled Docurnentstlolfss oie cei S E ecp
69. ure 20 2X2 Spur Performance is measured at IF output port J21 The measurement is performed using two sources and a spectrum analyzer Set the RF source frequency Far and input power see Table 4 Connect the RF source to the EVM RF input port J20 Set the LO source frequency and input power see Table 4 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 Set the spectrum analyzer to measure the output power at the IF frequency Fir Connect the EVM IF output port J21 to the spectrum analyzer Measure the output power 1 Pou at the IF frequency Set the RF source Frequency to Far 12 Fic and Pin to 50dBm Measure the output power 2 Pou at the IF frequency TRF 1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO04A 8 Calculate 2 X 2 spur performance as 2 X 2 spur performance 1 Pout 2 Pout High Band 3X3 Spur Performance Control state 111001 SEE APPENDIX A TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 20 3X3 Spur Performance is measured at IF output port J21 The measurement is performed using two sources and a spectrum analyzer Set the RF source frequency Frr and input power see Table 4 Connect the RF source to the EVM input port J20 Set the LO source frequency and input power see Table 4 Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port J12 Set the spectrum analyzer to measure the output power at the IF frequency Fie Connect the EVM IF output port J21 to the sp
70. ure that the Excess Noise Ratio ENR Table on the Noise Source head in use is entered on the NF meter a On the front panel press the ENR button b Check the ENR value by pressing the Enter button or enter the ENR value for each frequency After entering the ENR for the desired frequency press the Frequency button on the front panel to exit 5 calibrate the NF Meter a Connect the Noise Source directly to the NF meter press the calibration button twice b Next press the Noise Figure and Gain Button The corrected LED just above the button should be lit c Calibration is complete Enter the desired IF frequency to measure Next the external equipment Loss is considered RF cable Transmission line filter and circulator 6 The losses are entered in the Noise Figure Meter by using special function 34 x TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 43 SWRAO04A a Special Function 34 1 turns on the loss compensation factor b Special Function 34 2 is used to enter the loss before the DUT c Special Function 34 3 is used to enter the room temperature in Kelvin 300 K d Special Function 34 4 is used to enter the loss after the DUT e Special Function 34 0 is used to turn off the loss compensation factor The noise figure is measured as follows 7 Connect the noise source directly to the EVM RF input port J20 a A circulator between the noise source and RF input port
71. wn in Figure 1 Pin names and descriptions are provided in Table 1 The device operates from a single 3 75 volt supply and its operation is controlled by 6 digital CMOS control lines the TRF1500 operates in 18 different states The control codes and the corresponding active circuits are given in Table 2 Figure 1 TRF1500 Dual Band Receiver Block Diagram 5 x z z 5 a 2 5 E i Y lt s a a e ae z s 2 8 E lt Eoo S o 8 5 b 8185 ADJUST IR ADJUST TX TX GND GND GND MIX IN LOW BAND LOW BAND LO IN GND voc DOUBLER GND GND TX IN HIGH BAND LO TXIN HIGH BAND LO IN RF GND GND TXON IR ADJUST D voc NONAS Ji ONS 2 31 QN v B HSH Ol N vB ONE 14 TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO004A Table 1 Pin Descriptions PinNumbr Description 1 Bias Adjust Biaadus 00040404 TX Transmit IF noninverting output 8 TXIF Transmit IF inverting output 0000040 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 0 1 22 vec vec IR ADJUST A IR ADJUST B TRF 1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide 15 16 HIGH BAND IF High band IF inverting output SWRA004A 47 ground 16 TRF1500 Integrated Dual Band RF Receiver User s Guide SWRAO004

Texas Instruments TRF1500 User's Manual

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents