Sony MINIDISC User's Manual
Contents
1. L C BE FILLED IN DADC ENGINEER RKS OB REF 1K dB A dB ads Offs Corr DONE BY DIG HR 7 dB 3 EDIT ie GF EDIT EMPH on off Disc Sound amp Noise Information Form 2 Sound amp Noise Information q Title Artist Catalogue No Sample Artist 123456789 os E 1 2 3 4 5 I EMP N 0 1 2 H 3 4 5 4 o 1 H 2 3 4 5 N o 1 0002 3 4 5 REMARKS DATE ENG SIGN Orig MT ANA DIG MIXED I3 02 96 HISS HUM FLUTTER 4 ROOM PLAY N VOCAL N P Leitner Abbreviations for possible noise Abbreviations for possible noise Abrupt End Sudden End Bad Edit Instrument Noise Left Channel Blow Noise Wind Noise Low Frequency Noise Cut Begin Mouth Lip Noise Cut End Microphone Cross Fade Musician Noise Click Noise Noise Crackle On Whole Track Double Begin Play Noise Double End Pop Noise Distortion Print Through DO Drop Out Room Noise Fl Fade In Right Channel FL Flutter Sudden Abrupt Begin FO Fade Out Sound Effect HFN High Frequency Noice Tick Noise HISS e g Tape Hiss Vocal Noise Disc Additional TOC Data Character Information 3 2 Additional Data Character Information As one of the new2. What it is and How it Works buffer memory As long as the pick up returns to the correct position within 10 seconds the listener never experiences mistracking or mutino Since signals enter the buffer memory faster than they leave it the buffer will eventually become full At that point the MD player momentarily stops reading information from the disc it resu mes reading as soon as there is again room the memory chip Using a concept called sector repositioning the MD pick up has the ability to quickly resume rea ding trom the correct point after being displaced When signals are recorded on the MiniDisc either recordable MO or premastered optical media address information is assigned every 13 3 milli seconds When a pick up is shifted out of place the MD player quickly recognizes the disruption identifies the wrong address and instantly returns the pick up to the correct position 0 3 Mbit sec What it is How it Works 1 3 Serial Copy Management System SCMS The MD conforms to the SCMS convention see ISO 958 Amendment 84 C 126 and 126A Serial Copy Management System allows to make a first digital copy from digital sources Further digital copies from protected sources are prevented copies in the analog domain remain possible 1 4 Serial Copy Management System SCMS The premastered MD has following additional advantages e The data is stored in phy
3. MINIDISC MANUAL V3 0E Table of Contents Introduction The MiniDisc System 1 1 The Features 1 2 What it is and How it Works 1 3 Serial Copy Management System 1 4 Additional Features of the Premastered MD The production process of the premastered MD 2 1 MD Production 2 2 MD Components Input components specification 3 1 Sound Carrier Specifications 3 2 Additional TOC Data Character Information 3 3 Label Artwork and Print Films 3 4 MiniDisc Logo Sony DADC Austria AG 4 1 The Company Appendix Form Sheets Introduction The guick random access of Compact Disc players has become a necessity for music lovers The high quality of digital sound is now the norm The future of personal audio must meet the above criteria and more That s why Sony has created the MiniDisc a revolutionary evolution in the field of digital audio based an advanced miniature optical disc The MD offers consumers the quick random access durability and high sound quality of optical media as well as superb compactness shock resistant portability and recordability In short the MD format has been created to meet the needs of personal music entertainment in the future Based on a dazzling array of new technologies the MiniDisc offers a new lifestyle in personal audio enjoyment Features Disc 1 The MiniDisc System 1 1 The Features With the MiniDisc Sony has created
4. Shutter Lock It is made of plastics e g POM and locks the shutter in the close position Shutter The shutter is made of plastics e g POM It closes the opening in the lower cartridge through which the data is read and it protects the MD against dust and damage Lower Cartridge Also the lower cartridge is made of grey plastics e g Polycarbonate It contains openings for the disc drive and the laser that reads out the data On the backside information like artist titles playing time etc as well as the catalogue number is printed directly on the cartridge in white ink MD Jewel Case Disc The MD is packaged in a 3 piece Jewel Case consisting of clear bottom and lid parts and a grey tray It contains a booklet and a backline card similar as CD package The MD Jewel case dimensions are 110x91 x 15 mm Pit Protective layer Reflective layer Input Components Specifications 3 1 Sound Carrier Specifications DADC offers all necessary facilities to prepare sound carriers for MD production For exam ple PQ encoding digital editing for the common digital tape formats U Matic and R DAT as well as A D transfer from 1 4 and 1 2 analog tapes and transfer from CD R discs can be done at DADC However PQ encoded U Matic tapes in the Sony 1630 format as used for CD production is the most common format DADC can transfer this tape into the MD format via the ATRAC Format Converter The fol
5. may be used in typed copy in printed matter when referring to MiniDisc products When typed the letters M and D should be uppercase capitals and the other let ters in lower case not capitalized However for the purpose of protection of the trademark and MiniDisc should be enclosed within quotation marks or written in bold style in order to be prominent and a footnote should clearly indicate that MD and MiniDisc are trademarks of Sony Corporation 4 Sony DADC The Company Sony DADC Austria AG is a hundred percent daughter company of the Sony Corporation was founded 1986 to cater to the requirements of the European CD market Since then the Compact Disc has emerged as the dominating sound carrier In 1996 more than 900 million units were sold in Europe The CD has also become the basic techno logy for other optical storage products like Laser Disc MiniDisc CD ROM or Play Station Disc that were introduced on the market With a quantity of more than 300 million CDs ship ped annually Sony DADC is one of the leading Sony DADC Austria Manufacturers of optical storage media in Europe With two plants in Salzburg and the worldwide net work with subsidiaries Japan Hongkong Australia USA Canada Mexico and Brazil we guarantee supply to our customers with the highest quality and top serviceability A separate development division with world wide networking ensures t
6. see drawing below During preparation of the print films for the backline card please mind the following e Send coated positive offset films with approx 3 mm bleed only the registration and cutting marks must be located outside the bleed All dimensions in mm with a tolerance of 0 2 mm Backline Card e The films must not reveal damage of any kind and must be packed in such a way so as to prevent folding or creasing roll container or carton e The catalogue number must appear on the backline card e Please enclose compulsory proofs regarding colour with all films e Please mark each film emulsion side with the colour e Spine printing should be upright reading when cover up ARTIST AND TITLE 103 2 Lu Q lt lt Z 4 11 2 Logo 1 2 on this spine you can choose between position or 3 eee on the backside placement and position of a MD Logo is optional Direction of Texture or Paper Grain LSILAV DADC will provide artwork in following quality Wood free art paper 160 180g m2 0 15 0 16 mm thick Coated on both sides Cartridge Back Spine Print Print Film Cartridge Back Spine Print It is recommended to print in positive type follo wing information with white ink on the cartridge Spine artist name and disc title Backside artist name disc title catalogue num ber track titles and durations etc The MD Logo sha
7. features of the MD character information can be displayed during playback This information is included in the TOC table of contents area of the MD and in subdata areas future use which are available in addition to the music data MD CD Common Data CD MASTER TAPE V Digital Audio Data A1 POS ISRC A2 Time Code Data Data to be processed All TOC data has to be supplied together with the other production components The MD specific character information has to be tilled into the Character Information form 3 as shown on sample form next page We strongly recommend to fill in this form sheet by typewriter or to use computer printouts in order to avoid misreadings and therefore errors the displayed character information Please also mind that the given information has to be 100 verified by the customer as all cha racter information will be stored onto the MD as indicated in this form sheet Attached please find the ASCII characters which may be used for the character information This allows to store also data like disc title track name disc recording date and track recording date in the TOC For disc title and track names in total up to 2048 characters are available This text information can be recalled during play back of the MD and then displayed on the character display of the MD player It is recommended to use this feature for UPC EAN Code ISRC Code disc and track names MD Speci
8. tion the catalogue number must be ted on each film outside of the print area for Identification I Label Film Usually a graphic or picture will be used for the front side For clear identification of the final MD it Is necessary to include the catalogue number on the label The MD Logo shall not be inserted as it al ready appears on the upper cartriode All dimensions in mm with a tolerance of 0 2 mm 63 8 R max 0 7 mm for all 4 corners Direction of Texture or Paper Grain Label Film During preparation of the label films please mind the following e Send coated positive offset films with approx 3 mm bleed only The registration and cutting marks must be located outside the bleed The films must not reveal damage of any kind must be packed such a way 50 as to prevent folding or creasing roll container or carton e In order to match label and artwork please en close compulsory proofs regarding colour with all films e Please identify each film with colour specifcation Upper Cartridge In order to ensure optimum reliability under a variety of different operating and storage conditions DADC uses special paper quality Booklet Disic Il Artwork Films Booklet The booklet contains similar information as CD e The catalogue number must appear on the cover booklets Optionally the MiniDisc logo can be of the booklet inserted During prepar
9. 8 form sheets in appendix Production can be started as soon as all necessary components have arrived Premastering At the premastering studio the CD Master tape is converted to a MD Master tape This means that the audio information is compressed by a Format Converter using the ATRAC compression technology Also the PQ code is converted to MD specific data and optional subdata POS disc name track name can be added All information then is recorded onto MD Master Mastering A nickel stamper for MD replication is produced in the same process as for CD A glass plate is coated with a thin layer of photo lacquer A laser spot records the data from the MD Master into the photo lacquer The nickel negatives which are produced from the developed plate are used to replicate the MD Disc Replication The replication process of the MD is the same as for CD After creating a disc by using high precision molding technology the MD is coated with a thin layer of aluminum as reflective media and subsequently with protective lacquer to protect it against damage Then the coated discs are 100 quality inspected Cartridge Assembly As the first step in the finishing process the cartridge is prepared with a paper label glued onto the front and other information printed in white on the back and spine After the clamping plate has been mounted onto the MD the MD is set into the cartridge halves and the cartridge is welded Packaging Packa
10. RT STOP 1 A D 2 G H 3 E ease of quick random access was made possi ble by the development of the Compact Disc CD The CD instantaneously provides random access to the beginning of any desired music selection After using a CD player the time to reach the music sel ection of your choice with cassette tape players seems extremely cumbersome The MiniDisc provides the same high speed random access for recordable discs as well as for premaste red discs In addition the recordable MiniDisc has a circumferential microgroove or pre groove which is formed when the polycarbonate substrate injec tion molded This pre groove is the basis for the tracking servo and spindle servo operation during recording or playback Address information is recorded at intervals of 13 3 milliseconds using a technology that places infinite simal zigzags on this pre groove Therefore the disc has all the addresses already notched along the groove even with no recording The result is a stable and quick random access as well as a variety of optional features including programming of the playback sequence e g rearranging the sequence of the titles recorded on the MD without rerecording of the music information in a matter of seconds This is possible because of the User TOC Area located around the inner edge of the microgroove which only contains the order of the music This system is similar to the directory management system
11. a revolutionary optical disc It offers all the features that music fans have been waiting for Quick Random Access The MiniDisc offers quick random access to the music selection or phrase of your choice something only a disc is capable of Total Durability The MiniDisc can never stretch break or tangle like cassette tapes Since the free floating optical pick up never touches the surface scratches are impossible Superb Compactness The MiniDisc itself is only approximately 64 mm in diameter and the cartridge is 72x68 x 5 mm And because the MiniDisc is smaller so is the MiniDisc player Shock Resistant Portability The MiniDisc is resistant against shocks and vibrations New technology using an advanced semiconductor memory provides almost total shock resistance so there is no skipping and jitter even while jogging or driving Easy to Handle The disc is protected in a cartridge It is easy to handle and the ideal sound carrier for mobile use Unsurpassed Digital Sound The MiniDisc is based on the same noiseless and distortion free digital recording technology as the compact disc So whether you are recording your own or listening to prerecorded music you have the optimum in audio quality wherever you go Recordable Disc 4 Track Recording A disc which records is every music fan s dream come true The MiniDisc offers about 74 minutes digital recording on one tiny disc 1 2 What it is and How it Works Tw
12. ation of the print films for e All pages except cover outside must contain the booklet please mind the following page numbers e Send coated positive offset films with approx 3mm bleed only the registration and cutting marks must be located outside the bleed e Please prepare the film layout in such a way that the booklet is closed on the left hand side e Please enclose compulsory proofs regarding The films must not reveal damage of any kind and colour with all films must be packed in such a way so as to prevent folding or creasing roll container or carton e Please identify each film with colour specifcation All dimensions in mm with a tolerance of 0 2 mm 72 7 104 9 stitching wire non corrosive staples min 10 DADC will provide artwork in following quality Thickness max 1 8 mm measured on folding side max 2 3 mm measured above the stitching wire With 70g m paper quality for inner pages this will allow a max of 32 pages Coverpages wood free art paper min 180g m coated on both sides for booklet cover and one sheet booklet DADC II Artwork Films Backline Card The backline card contains similar information as CD backline cards eg artist disc title catalogue no The MiniDisc logo recommended size 7mm has to be inserted on both spines of the backline card so that it can be easily read at top of the spine end if the MD is stored upright in a rack
13. e of the disc If there 15 no pit a high proportion of the light 15 reflected back through the beam splitter and analyzer into the photodiodes If a pit does exist some of the light is diffracted and less light reaches the photodi odes The electrical signals from the photodiodes are added up in this case and depending on the sum a 1 or 0 is read Overwrite Technology In order to meet the requirements of a compact lightweight recordable audio system for perso nal use the MD system employs a newly develo ped Sony magneto optical MO disc that utilizes magnetic field modulation with direct overwri te capability With MO disc technology the recording of data requires the use of a laser and a polarizing magnetic field When the magnetic Overwrite Mechanism layer in the disc is heated by the laser to a tem perature above the Curie point approximately 200 it temporarily looses its coercive force As the disc rotates and the irradiated domain returns to normal temperature its magnetic ori entation is determined by an externally applied magnetic field Polarities of N and S can thus be recorded corresponding to digital data 1 and O Unlike conventional MO rewrite mechanisms the Sony MD overwrite system positions a magne tic head directly accross from the laser source on the opposite side of the disc A magnetic field corresponding to the input signal is generated over the laser spot The rotation of
14. fic Data 2 Pos Disc Name Track Name MD MASTER TAPE Forming ES E V All MD Data 3 25 1 Digital Audio gt AIR AC 2 Time Code P Q Time Data will be converted to MD specific Data POS for MD is different from POS for CD The symbols of this area may not be used n ee Lad Character Information Disi Form 3 Character Information Page 1 3 TITLE ARTIST CATALOGUE No Emotions Mariah Carey 01 468851 50 Disc Information No of tracks 1210 max 255 UPCIEAN code 1510191917 4 61818151 8 T pice Mariah Carey Emotions max 160 characters Track No 1 Information ISRG code ISO 3901 1513141 19121 131012 1 2 Emotions max 160 characters Track No 2 Information ISRC code ISO 3901 D E S 3 4 9 2 3 1814 9 0 Track name And You Don t Remember max 160 characters Track No 9 Information ISRC code ISO 3901 D E S 3 4 9 2 3 2 1 8 7 Track name Till The End Of The Time max 160 characters Track No 10 Information ISRC code ISO 3901 D E 8 3 4 9 2 8 14 12 11 9 Track name The Wind max 160 characters Please use to indicate Space characters in case you want to use more than one Space Remarks Signature Date DADC 54 7 3 3 Label Artwork Print Films For unmistakeable reference during produc
15. g approx 11 6 msec into frequency components Frequency F1 Level Frequency F4 Level i Level RACY Frequency Fn ATRAC starts with the same 16 bit digital data but analyzes segments of the data for waveform content every 11 6 msec Based on this analysis ATRAC extracts and encodes only those frequency compo nents that are actually audible to the human ear This method of encoding is far more efficient than the linear coding technique used for CD and DAT yet sound quality remains comparable The following underlying psychoacoustic principles are used during this conversion G DADC Threshold of Hearing As sound level diminishes there is a level below which the human ear cannot detect This thres hold varies with frequency The threshold of audibility is lowest for sounds with a frequency of approximately 4kHz that is sounds close to this frequency are most easily detected by the ear By analyzing the frequency components of an audio signal it is possible to identify those components that lie below the threshold of hea ring Such components can be removed trom the original signal without affecting perceived sound quality Masking Effect If two sounds one loud and the other soft are produced simultaneously and they are close to one another in frequency the softer sound be comes difficult or even impossible to hear Therefore when an audio signal has a high level component and a low level component at nei
16. gh bouring frequencies the latter can be removed without affecting perceived sound quality Moreover with increasing overall signal amplitu de it becomes possible to remove a greater num ber of components without audible effect Psychoacoustic principles Sampling Distribution and Acoustic Effect Threshold of Hearing Masking Effect F1 F4 F6 50 400 Sampling from ATRAC and its Level F1 F4 F6 50 400 Freq Hz Shock Resistant Memory Conventional optical pick up systems can easily mistrack when subjected to shock or vibration In digital audio CDs this causes skipping or muting Resistance to shock and vibration is a tual prerequisite for true portable personal audio applications In the MD system Sony has solved this problem with a unique shock resistant memory While the MD pick up can read information off the disc at a rate of 1 4Mbit per second the ATRAC decoder requires a data rate of only 0 3Mbit per second for real time playback This difference in processing speed enables the use of a readahead buffer placed between the pick up and the decoder If a 4Mbit memory chip is used for the buffer it can store up to 10 seconds of digital information Should the pick up be jarred out of position the correct information continues to be supplied to the ATRAC decoder from the 1 4 Mbit sec Digital Music Data E Analog Music Data Flow of Music Data der
17. ging is done very similar to CD packaging with a booklet and a backline card added to the MD in a special MD jewel case point of sales data DADC e Components Dist 2 2 MD Components The MD consists of the following components Upper Cartridge e g Polycarbonate Label Paper Disc e g Polycarbonate Clamping Plate e g Stainless Steel Shutter Lock e g POM Shutter e g POM Lower Cartridge e g Polycarbonate Assembled MiniDisc Tray e g Polycarbonate Backline Card Paper gt MD Jewel Case e g Polycarbonate Components Upper Cartridge The upper cartridge is made of grey plastics e g polycarbonate Its purpose is to protect the MD against mechanical damage or dust The upper cartridge also forms the spine on which the disc ID information will be printed in white ink Label The paper label is glued onto the upper cartridge Disc The disc is manufactured in the same way as CDs are It has a polycarbonate layer which contains the data A thin layer of aluminum 15 used as reflective media which 15 protected by a protective layer against destruction Clamping Plate The clamping plate is made of magnetic stainless steel This steel plate allows to stabilize the MD trom the bottom side with a magnetic chuck Therefore the MD does not require a hole in the upper cartridge and so almost the complete surface of the upper cartridge can be used for the label
18. he step ahead in production technology and is ready to meet specific customer requirements But above all here we create the basis for new products in the future so that we can ensure that the Sony group will be your partner in the future too Facts and Figures Sites Factory Anif Salzburg Factory Il Thalgau Salzburg 1997 approx 950 Capacity 1997 1 2 mio day Production quantity more than 300 million annually Customers approx 2500 International and European music and film com panies publishers multimedia and information No of employees providers as well as computer and video game companies and the majority of software and hardware manufacturers ISO 9002 Certification 1995 Our products Product U Size Specification se Compact Disc Audio 12 8 cm 7 Information processing 12 cm Multimedia Interactive Entertainment 8 cm Video Film 12 cm Portable Audio 6 4 cm PlayStation Interactive Disc Entertainment max playing time 77min max playing time 21min 50sec max playing time 120min two sides Laser Disc max 680 MB max 192 MB Video CD depending on combination audio video data MiniDisc playing time approx 74 min 680 74 min 30 sek 655 MB CD EXTRA Multimedia Audio Video Data MD Data like CD ROM 140 Notice This document has been prepared by DADC Austria to provide some basic intormation on MiniDisc MD for i
19. ll not be inserted as it already appears on the lower cartridge Print location for the spine is on the cartridge edge opposite to the loading end All dimensions in mm Print area dimensions 59 0 52 4 31 7 During preparation of the print film please mind the following Combine spine and backside typesetting on one film Use coated positive screenprinting line films min line width 0 15 mm high density emulsion side up positioning marks must be located out side the print area e The films must not reveal damage of any kind and must be packed such a way 50 as to vent folding or creasing roll container or carton e Please don t encircle the printing area on the film 3 MARIAH CAREY Emotions Character size 7pt MARIAH CAREY EMOTIONS 1 5 2 AND YOU DON T REMEMBER 3 CAN T LET GO 4 MAKE IT HAPPEN 5 IF IT S OVER 6 YOU RE SO COLD 7 SO BLESSED 8 TO BE AROUND YOU 9 TILL THE END OF TIME 10 THE WIND COLUMBIA 468851 2 BIEM STEMRA Q 0162 01 468851 50 WARNING All Rights Reserved Character size min 5pt min linewidth 0 15mm Lower Cartridge 3 4 The MiniDisc Logo This part of the manual provides the rules for use of the trademark logo MiniDisc on discs which meet the MD standard specifi cations Permitted Uses The MiniDisc logo may be used pursuant to a license agreement with Sony Corporation wherein the right f
20. lowing pages contain important specifi cations as well as necessary information sheets which have to be sent with the tape Samples on pages 14 to 18 blank formsheets in Appendix Please forward this information to your studio General System Specifications e he maximum recording time on premastered MD is 78 minutes 16 seconds e he maximum track number is 255 Digital Tapes e Please send a label copy with the tape On the label copy the order and duration of the titles as it has to be on the MD should be indicated by the producer e Prepare the Premastering Instructions form see Appendix form 1 which describes the Track 1 Offset time gt 5 frames Begin Track 1 Begin Track 2 music start times with an accuracy down to one frame Please note all noises kind of noise and time at which it appears as well as general quality notes in the Sound amp Noise Information sheet form 2 Start recording of time code and digital mute at least one minute before the first track Stop recording of digital mute and time code not earlier than two minutes after the last track has ended e A pause digital mute of at least two seconds has to be kept in case you want to change the preemphasis status Please note that de emphasis will be performed during format conversion at DADC Additional Specifications for U Matic Tapes e Sampling frequency 44 1kHz e format 3 4 U Matic NTSC s
21. me code SMPTE non drop frame Time code has to be locked to the NTSC video frames and must be recorded continuously and without interruption It may not go beyond 23h 59m 59sec 291 PQ code The PQ code has to started on digital channel 1 left channel of the DAT tape Start recording approx 15 sec after time code start Please do not send us your original master tapes Send us continuously recorded no assemble edits sound checked copies Analog Tapes Please mind the following specifications e Acceptable tape speeds 7 9 15 30ips 19 38 76cm s Input Components Specifications e Jape widths 1 4 1 2 e Formats NAB CCIR AES e Noise reduction Dolby A Dolby SR e Reference signals as standardized e g for 151 CCIR tape bsec 1kHz OdB bsec 1kHz OdB 30sec 1kHz OdB 10sec 14kHz 10dB 10sec 63 2 10dB left channel right channel both channels both channels both channels If it is not possible to send us a tape with these test tones please record the tones you have used for machine adjustment at the last sound check of this tape If that is impossible as well we will adjust to standard reference tones e Dolby you have used Dolby for noise reduc tion your tape has to contain the appropriate Dolby test signal CD WO CD Write Once CD WOs have to be recorded without interruption and in accordance with the Red Book It must be possible to play them on standard CD players The CD WOs
22. must not contain uncorrectable errors C2 errors These can be caused e g by damage of the CD WO scratches finger prints etc by defects during recording medium or recording device or by an interrupted recording Disc checker print outs e g Sony CDA 5000 or Audio Development CD CATS should be sent together with the CD WO if available data on the CD WO audio and PQ data ISRC code etc are transferred 1 1 onto the manufactured MDs Quality of the Sound Carrier During preparation of the sound carrier the audio information has to be carefully sound checked Please note every unusual noise kind of noise and time at which it appears in the Sound amp Noise Information form 2 during this sound check By providing this information like shown on the sample form sheets on the following pages a lot of unnecessary delays in production can be avoided If a noise which is not mentioned on this infor mation will be found during quality inspection at DADC the production might be delayed Premastering Instructions Dist Form 1 Premastering Instructions es LL Source U MATIC ANALOG re of Recorder 50 DMR 4000 TA M we m qp bue mar Bd Fee Le Dem LLL 1 1 H ga x gt A Presses HS os a EE A eee oon
23. o Kinds of MiniDiscs are Available Premastered MiniDiscs for Music Software Premastered MiniDiscs are used most commonly for music and are sold in record stores just the Same as compact cassettes and CDs are MiniDiscs just like CDs are manufactured in large volumes by high speed injection molders and the music signals are recorded during repli cation in the form of pits Forget the times when you would worry about cassette tapes becoming worn out or wrinkled Moreover the discs are encased in a cartridge so there is no worry about their being scratched The design of the premastered MiniDisc cartridges MiniDisc Pick up Technology Optical Pick up of MD Player 0 1 1 1 High intensity Low intensity Cross sectional view of recording track Laser Recordable disc Premastered disc The optical pick up developed for the MD system has the remarkable ability to read both recorda ble and premastered MiniDiscs For recordable discs the pick up detects the magnetic structure along the track For premastered optical discs it detects the geometric structure along the track The MD system is based on the design of the standard CD pick up with the addition of a MO signal readout analyzer and two photodiodes During playback of recordable discs a 0 5mW laser What it is and How it works is special Prerecorded music packages require label featuring the artist s picture or other infor mation for it is
24. of floppy discs In other words starting and ending addresses for all music tracks recorded on the disc are stored in this area enabling easy programming just by rewriting the addresses This supports also other features it is possible to erase a track out of a sequence and during playback no gap in the remaining music will be heard The era sed segment is allocated to the free space it is possible to record a piece of music independent of the number of segments used What it is and How it Works ATRAC Digital Audio Compression Technology In order to provide approximately 74 minutes of music on the 2 5 inch MiniDisc a digital audio compression technology called ATRAC Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding has been newly deve loped This technology compresses information down to approximately one fifth of the amount of data usually required In 16 bit linear encoding currently used in the CD and DAT formats with a sampling frequency of 44 1 kHz the analog signal is sampled approxim ately once every 0 02 milliseconds Each sample 15 quantized at 16 bit resolution into one of 65536 possible values Therefore with CD and DAT when the analog signal 15 converted to digital data in real time 16 bits of data are used every 0 02 millise conds regardless of the amplitude of the signal and whether a signal is present at all Waveform analysis 512 Samples 0 02 msec Time ie ses analyze the waveform durin
25. or usage 15 guaranteed The MiniDisc logo can only be applied on the products specified in such a license agreement in order to show that such products meet the MD standard specificati ons and are compatible with each other The MiniDisc Logo Territory of Usage The MiniDisc logo may be used worldwide except in countries where the use of the trademark MiniDisc logo is illegal MiniDisc Logo Specification If you need camera ready artwork for the logo on your label films please contact our Customer Service Department or download the logo from our website sonydadc com downloads downfra html For the use on MD label and artwork films there are three versions of the logo as shown below Choose logo A1 A2 or B depending on the logo size See table below 4mm mm MiniDisc Logo Printing the MiniDisc logo in positive or in reverse negative is permitted Only one color may be used also in negative print only single colour backgrounds Never combine the MiniDisc logo with other characters figures or logos Always display it independently Location The logo should be displayed at a prominent place only once The logo may appear in more than one place provided such placement cludes a prominent place Note with respect to the logo s use on pre mastered discs it should be displayed as large as possible on the backline card Type Style and MiniDisc
26. sical pits and is therefore never erased unless it is mechanically destroyed label area is larger than the one of the record able MD The entire area of one side can be used for labeling The recordable MD has a shutter on both sides and its label is relatively small e The premastered MD contains valuable character information e g disc amp track names which will not be transferred during copying e he subdata capacity of the premastered MD is bigger So it is possible to record more character information onto the MD Sony MiniDisc System Specifications Channels Frequency Response Dynamic Range Wow and Flutter Sampling Frequency Coding System Modulation System Error Correction System Disc Speed Record Playback Time Cartridge Size Disc Diameter 2 Stereo 5 20 000 Hz 105 dB Unmeasurable 44 1 kHz ATRAC System EFM CIRC 1 2 1 4 m sec about 74 minutes 72 x 68 x 5 64 mm Dist MD Production 2 The production process of the premastered MD 2 1 MD Production 1 2 3 Input Pre Mastering Material Mastering Input Material DADC requires following input components from customers e A MD master tape or a sound carrier as for CD production e g PQ encoded U Matic 1630 e Print films as well as colour proofs for artwork label and cartridge print Completely filled in form sheets sample forms 1 2 amp on pages 14 15 amp 1
27. tandard Sony PCM 1630 1610 e Time code SMPTE non drop frame The time code has to be locked to the NTSC video frames and must be recorded continuously and without interruption on analog channel 2 of the U Matic tape It may not go beyond 23h 59m 59sec 291 e code The PQ data has to be stored on analog channel 1 of the U Matic tape Track 2 Track 3 Offset time gt 5 frames Begin Track 3 Encoding Start recording approx 15 sec after Time code start Please pay special attention to the offset time of the begin points We recommend to use an offset time of at least 5 frames to avoid that the music start is cut off during playback Definitions e Begin marks the start point of a track It defines the address at which the MD player Starts to playback a track International Standard Recording Code ISRC code and UPC EAN code BAR code A disc catalogue number by means of a UPC EAN code and the ISRC numbers as assigned by the can be recorded on every MD For this UPC EAN code and the ISRC numbers must be included in the original PQ Code as supplied by you or it must be specified in the Premastering Instructions Additional Specifications for R DAT Tapes e Sampling frequency We recommend to use a sampling frequency of 44 1 kHz Nevertheless it is also possible to transfer from tapes with a sampling frequency of 48 kHz Do not alter the sampling frequency within one tape Ti
28. the artwork that most often captures the buyer s eye Therefore the top face of the cartridge is left completely free for the label A window for the laser beam to read the disc is only necessary on the bottom face Recordable MiniDiscs Magneto optical MO technology forms the heart of the recordable MiniDisc technology Not only are MO discs durable enough to withstand being rerecorded about 1 million times they also have a life expectancy approaching that of CDs When recording the MO discs a laser beam must be focused onto the magnetic layer from behind while a magnetic field is applied to the front For this reason the cartridges for recordable MiniDiscs have a read write window on both sides cd Recording track Objective Lens Polarized beam splitter Photo Detector B is focused onto the magnetic layer The magnetic signal on the disc affects the polarization of the reflected beam The direction of polarization is converted into light intensity by the MO signal readout analyzer Depending on the direction of polarization one of the two photodiodes will detect more light The electrical signals from the photodiodes are subtracted and depending on whether the difference is positive or negative a 1 or O signal is read What it is and How it Works The same 0 5mW laser is used for the playback of premastered optical discs The amount of light reflected depends on whether or not a pit exists on the surfac
29. the disc then displaces the area to be recorded allowing the temperature at the spot to drop back below the Curie point At that point the domain takes on the polarity of the applied magnetic field regard less of the polarity that previously existed Head Drive signal 1 1 0 o Recording Head Magnetic field of Hea kE s Laser Beam New Old GC Cs Frozen magnetic pattern a Move direction of Disc after cooling below Curie Point Cross section of MO Layer with magnetic pattern Top view of one Track Heated area by Laser above Curie Point erased magnetic pattern Quick Random Access the 1 Ordinary Method Order of Music A Before Rearranging Inner Edge A What it is and How it Works Music Data and Order are Recorded Time Wise H Outer Edge Disc Signal Leadin 1 Lead out B After Rearranging 2 MiniDisc A Before Rearranging BC DE FG do Rearranged Area Music Data and Order are Recorded Area Wise Disc Signal UTOC Only Music Data is Recorded Data 5 STOP 1 m D 3 F H 4 After Rearranging No Change of Music Data Connecting two Tracks Rearranged Area k UTOC Only Music Data is Recorded Data START STOP 1 A D 2 E F 3 G H Additional Reprogramming the Order TNO STA
30. ts customers Specific focus has been given to details as needed when ordering MD production at DADC Austria DADC All trademarks used in this brochure were used for editing purposes without intending any violation of an industrial property right Owned by Sony DADC Austria AG Niederalm 282 A 5081 Anif Printed by Sony Music Printing Haarlem NL Published in Ani A Produced in Haarlem NL For more information please get touch with Sony DADC Austria AG Customer Service Niederalm 282 A 5081 Anif Austria Tel 43 6246 880 555 Fax 43 6246 880 509 E mail sales dadc co at
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