PASCO Specialty & Mfg. ME-6984 User's Manual
Contents
1. Cylinder Male Luer Ei Lock T z I H Piston Volume Markings Figure 1 Syringe 60 mL Hydraulic Cylinder The hydraulic cylinder is a modified 60 mL syringe with six trunnions cylindrical protrusions used as a mounting or pivot point on the cylinder and two mounting holes on the end of the syringe The holes allow the hydraulic cylinder to be mounted between two axles When the hydraulic cylinder is attached to a structure and a gas such as air or a liquid such as water is pumped into the cylinder the pressurized fluid will cause the piston to be pushed out of the cylinder The part of the structure that the piston is attached to will move Trunnion Holes Cylinder Piston Mounting Holes Figure 2 Hydraulic Cylinder IZEIA 3 Hydraulics Structures Set Operation Couplers Pressure Sensor Coupler The pressure sensor coupler has a T shape The shorter arms Pressure Port Quick Connector of the T have a male luer lock at one end and a female luer Pa lock at the other The longer arm of the T has an inline quick connector at the end for connecting to the pressure port on a A AH pressure sensor Push the inline quick connector onto the pres sure port and turn the quick connector clockwise left to right until the connector locks in place Figure 3 Connector onto Pressure Port Syringe Coupler The syringe coupler is a length of tubing about 27 cm long with a fem2. Address PASCO scientific 10101 Foothills Blvd Roseville CA 95747 7100 Phone 916 786 3800 worldwide 800 772 8700 U S Fax 916 786 7565 Web WWW pasco com Email support pasco com For more information about the Hydraulics Structures Set and the latest revision of this Instruction Manual visit www pasco com go ME 6984 Limited Warranty For a description of the product warranty see the PASCO catalog Copyright The PASCO scientific 012 11726A Hydraulics Structures Set Instruction Manual is copyrighted with all rights reserved Permission is granted to non profit educational institutions for reproduction of any part of this manual providing the reproductions are used only in their laboratories and classrooms and are not sold for profit Reproduction under any other circumstances without the written consent of PASCO scientific is prohibited Trademarks PASCO and PASCO scientific are trademarks or registered trademarks of PASCO scientific in the United States and or in other countries All other brands products or service names are or may be trademarks or service marks of and are used to iden tify products or services of their respective owners For more information visit www pasco com legal Patents Pending The following PASCO products have patents pending ME 6990 Truss Set ME 6991 Bridge Set ME 6992A Advanced Structures Set ME 6993 Truss Set Members ME 6994 Truss Set Screws ME 6995 Road Bed Spares ME 699
3. scissors lift or hydraulic boom Use sensors to measure the pressure and temperature of the gas or liquid in the hydraulic system and use a sensor to measure the amount of movement of a structure as the hydraulic system does work Advanced Structures Set ME 6992A This set contains structure members see the table for building cranes bridges cars catapults and other models Included Items Qty Included Items Qty Included Items Qty 5 Beam 24 cm long 24 Flat 2 X 3 Beam 12 5 cm 16 O Ring 12 4 Beam 17 cm long 54 Flat Round Connector 6 Pulley 12 3 Beam 11 5 cm long 54 Full Round Connector 6 Collet 24 2 Beam 8 cm long 24 Half Round Connector 42 Spacer 12 1 Beam 5 5 cm long 24 Axle 2 each of 3 lengths 6 Sliding Connector 12 3 Flexible Beam 11 5 cm 16 Drive Wheel and Tire 4 Angle Connector 24 4 Flexible Beam 17 cm 16 Straight Connector 24 Cord Tensioning Clip 32 5 Flexible Beam 24 cm 16 Structures Rod Clamp 2 Yellow Cord 1 roll Flat 3 X 4 Beam 19 cm 16 PAStrack Connector 6 Storage box 1 Flat 4 Beam 17 cm 16 Screw 6 32 300 IZEIA Model No ME 6984 Theory Theory Hydraulics is a topic in applied science and engineering that deals with the mechanical properties of liquids Pneu matics is a topic that deals with the study and application of the use of pressurized gas to affect mechanical motion Blaise Pascal described the behavior of a fluid gas or liquid in a closed
4. sturdy horizontal surface Ideal Gas Law Apparatus TD 8596A Pressure Sensor Coupler i To PASport Syringe Coupler Interface M E Temperature Pressure Temperature paSport Extension j Connector plug Sensor PS 2146 Cable PS 2500 Slap down on the plunger with the palm of your hand E to fully compress the gas inside the syringe Hold this Bi Temperature and Pressure Jel position until the temperature and pressure have E A X 9 Data x 47 equalized and are no longer changing e Extra Equipment Model ET Hooked Mass Set SE 8759 2 20 Pressure Temperature Sensor PS 2146 ldeal Gas Law Apparatus TD 8596A d 250 PASCO Interface see catalog 5 PASport Extension Cable PS 2500 150 Optional 2 lt 100 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 Time s IZEIA 13 Hydraulics Structures Set Spares Part Numbers Spares Part Numbers ME 6985 Flexible I Beam Set 5 Flexible Beam 24 cm 16 4 Flexible Beam 17 cm 16 3 Flexible Beam 11 5 cm 16 ME 6986 Structures Rod Clamp 2 pack ME 6987 Flat Structures Members Flat 3 x 4 Beam 19 cm 16 Flat 4 Beam 17 cm 16 Flat 2 x 3 Beam 12 5 cm 16 ME 6993 Truss Set Members 5 Beam 24 cm long 24 4 Beam 17 cm long 54 3 Beam 11 5 cm long 54 2 Beam 8 cm long 24 1 Beam 5 5 cm long 24 Half Round Connector 42 ME 6994 Truss Set Screws Screw 6 32 300 ME
5. 6996 Cord Lock Spares Cord Tensioning Clip 32 Cord Braided 18 Yellow 1 roll ME 6997 Full Round XYZ Connectors Full Round Connector 6 Flat Connector 6 1 4 20 Thumbscrew PAStrack Connector 6 and Square Nut ME 6998A Axle Spares 1 2 by 1 4 by 1 4 Spacer 12 O Ring 12 Axle Short 10 4 cm 2 Axle Medium 21 3 cm 2 Axle Long 26 6 cm 2 Collet 24 Pulley 12 Wheel 4 Tire 4 ME 6999A Angle Connector Spares Angle Connector 24 Straight Connector 24 Sliding Connector 12 ME 9876 Yellow Cord 2 pack Cord Braided 18 Yellow 2 rolls Summary of Extra Equipment Needed Structures Rod Clamp ME 6986 45 cm Steel Rod ME 8736 Rotary Motion Sensor PS 2120 Extra Equipment Model Where Used Hooked Mass Set SE 8759 All Yellow Cord ME 9876 All Large Slotted Mass Set ME 7566 or ME 7589 Hydraulic Boom Fork Lift Ideal Gas Law Hydraulic Boom Ideal Gas Law Hydraulic Boom Ideal Gas Law Hydraulic Boom Ideal Gas Law Ideal Gas Law Apparatus TD 8596A Pressure Temperature Sensor PS 2146 Absolute Pressure Sensor PS 2108 PASport Interface see catalog or web site Foam core board art or office supply store Ideal Gas Law Ideal Gas Law Hydraulic Boom Hydraulic Boom Ideal Gas Law Fork Lift Scissors Lift 14 IZEIA Model No ME 6984 Technical Support Technical Support For assistance with any PASCO product contact PASCO at
6. container Pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every part of the fluid as well as to the walls of the container A hydraulic lift is an example of a device that demonstrates the principle A model of a hydraulic or pneumatic lift consists of a syringe that has a large diameter piston connected to another syringe that has a small diameter piston The pressure is the ratio of force to area and will be the same throughout the system For example if the large diameter piston has an area five times larger than the small diameter piston the hydraulic lift will have a theoretical mechanical advantage of five to one In other words a force of 10 N applied to push the small piston into the syringe would cause a force of 50 N to be applied to push the large piston out of the piston The large piston does the same amount of work as is done to the small piston The distance that the small piston is pushed into the small syringe is five times more than the distance that the large piston will move out of the large syringe About the Components Syringes The set has three sizes of syringes 60 mL 20 mL and 10 mL each with a male luer pronounced loo er lock at one end The luer lock allows the syringe to be connected to couplers tubing or valves There is a retainer ring on the inside of the large end of the cylinder that helps prevent the piston from being pulled out of the cylinder too easily
7. to your hydraulics structure using Structures Rod Clamps ME 6986 Please see the illustration of the Hydraulic Boom on page 8 Use a thumb screw to secure a Drive Wheel to an axle that will turn when a part of the structure moves Arrange the sensor and drive wheel so that the included O ring will fit over the drive wheel and the largest pulley on the sensor Included in the Advanced Structures Set Use the data acquisition software to calibrate the Rotary Motion Sensor Set the structure so that the volume in the hydraulic cylinder is zero In the software set the corresponding position of the Rotary Motion Sensor to be 0 mL zero milliliters Move the structure so that the volume in the hydraulic cylinder is at its maximum Set the corre sponding position of the Rotary Motion Sensor to be the maximum volume e g 60 mL Adding Load Cells To measure the compression and tension forces in indi vidual members of a structure add load cells e g PASCO Model PS 2200 or PS 2201 to any PASCO Structure Replace a beam with two shorter beams and a load cell 5 beam load cell two 3 beams 4 beam load cell two 2 beams Figure 10 A load cell combined with two 2 beams is 3 beam load cell two 1 beams the same length as a 4 beam Use thumbscrews to attach two beams to a load cell as shown in the figure When using load cells assemble your structure with the screws loose This will simplify the analysis by ensu
8. 25 30 35 40 45 Piston Volume cc Structures Rod Clamp ME 6986 Use the sensors to measure pressure and 45 cm Steel Rod ME 8736 volume as the hooked mass is lifted The work done is the area under the curve Hooked Mass Set SE 8759 Large Slotted Mass Set ME 7566 or ME 7489 Rotary Motion Sensor PS 2120 Absolute Pressure Sensor PS 2108 PASPORT Interface see catalog IZEIA 7 Hydraulics Structures Set Hydraulic Boom Details Hydraulic Boom Details e Putthe medium axle through a trun nion hole on the hydraulic cylinder e Use collets and thumbscrews on both sides of the hydraulic cylinder to posi tion the cylinder at the middle of the axle Use thumbscrews to attach the medium axle to the half round connec tors Short Axle Detail Half Put the axle through the mounting hole at the top of the piston Align the drive wheel with the larger step of the three step pulley on the Rotary Motion Sensor Stretch the O ring drive belt from the drive wheel to the step pulley Medium Axle Detail Hydraulic Cylinder 9 d 7j 3 E ees 5 lt CV y VR IZEIA Model No ME 6984 Fork Lift Fork Lift Full Yellow Cord Tensioning Clip Sliding Connector Yellow Cord Sliding Connector 3 Full Round To 10 mL Syringe Foam core board not included A Put a short axle C Place large slotted through the longe
9. 6 Cord Lock Spares ME 6997 Full Round XYZ Connector Spares ME 6998 Axle Spares ME 6999A Angle Connector Spares PS 2198 Load Cell Amplifier PS 2199 Load Cell and Amplifier Set PS 2200 100 N Load Cell PS 2201 5 N Load Cell PS 2205 Dual Load Cell Amplifier IZEIA 15 Hydraulics Structures Set Technical Support 16 LEIHO
10. aJ e ula OD nues mi 012 11726A Hydraulics Structures Set ME 6984 800 772 8700 www pasco com The cover page shows the ME 6984 Hydraulics Structures model of a hydraulic boom Pressurized fluid moves from the syringe to the hydraulic cylinder As the piston moves out of the cylinder it lifts the boom structure IZEIA ii Table of Contents Included Fi ii ee naa a eh and d t dk d s Bee ne q r A d d 1 Related Required and Recommended Equipment 00000ee eee 2 Hire Dreier PPP 2 lo TT 3 About the Components 123 9 2h odo RE 8 S8 KK KK KK KI KK KK KK KK KK du 3 COSMO tere dg TTL 4 Adding Load CellS i22 kk kk kk kk kK KK KK KK KK KK KK KK KK KK KK KK KK KK KK kK KK KK ke 6 My Cradle BOOM a s s x di alla dk dl e ala a ikkeer rm d deen hk al ardi Q de ayar Al Al 7 YweeeeeeeoenrpnpepPpepmme mm_Cm r bka 9 SCISSOrS UM ga RC EDUC 11 Ideal Gas LOW a S Rs a BA 2 2 12 Spares Part Numbers and Summary of Extra Equipment 05 14 Technical Support Warranty and Copyright 2 00 2 kK KK RR KK KK KS 15 PASC Hydraulics Structures Set iv IZEIA Hydraulics Structures Set ME 6984 Included Items Included Items 1 Pressure Sensor Coupler 6 10 mL Syringe 2 Syringe Coupler 7 20 mL Syringe 3 Extension Tubing 8 60 mL Syrin
11. ale luer lock Female luer lock at each end For example the coupler connects one syringe to another or a syringe to the hydraulic cylinder The syringe coupler can also connect to the other cou plers and to the valves The female luer lock screws into a threaded male luer lock Extension Tubing Male luer lock Figure 4 Luer Locks The extension tubing is about 60 cm long with a female luer lock at one end and a male luer lock at the other It can be used to increase the distance between components of the hydraulics structures set Closed position Valves Bleeder Valve The bleeder valve has a stopcock that can be opened and closed to allow fluid to flow through the valve or not When the stopcock handle is perpen dicular to the tubing the valve is closed When the stopcock handle is paral Figure 5 Bleeder Valve lel to the tubing the valve is open Check Valve Assembly The check valve assembly is a T shaped assembly that has two one way valves that allow fluid to flow through When the piston is the valve in specific directions For example when the pushed in fluid goes Valve B check valve assembly is connected to a syringe fluid can through valve B to the flow into the cylinder of the syringe through valve A when rest ofthe apparatus the piston is pulled out When the piston is pushed in fluid can flow out of the cylinder through valve B The arrow on each valve indicates the direction that fluid may flow throu
12. der was able to move to the 60 mL mark To empty the hydraulic cylinder without disconnecting any tubing twist the handle of the stopcock to the open position and push the piston of the hydraulic cylinder all the way in Fluid can flow out of the bleeder valve but cannot go back into the cylinder of the 20 mL syringe because of the one way check valve IZEIA 5 Hydraulics Structures Set Adding Load Cells Using a Liquid Instead of a Gas Fill a syringe with a liquid Connect the syringe to the syringe coupler Push the piston slowly to force liquid from the syringe into the syringe coupler until all the air is pushed out of the coupler Finally connect a second syringe or the hydraulic cylinder with the piston all the way in to the liquid filled syringe coupler When you push on the piston of the liq uid filled syringe the liquid will push against the piston of the second syringe or cylinder Leave an air space between the liquid and the sensor CAUTION If you use the Pressure Sensor Coupler and a Figure 9 Air Space pressure sensor in your hydraulics structure be sure that no liquid enters the pressure port of the sensor Liquid can go partway into the tubing of the Pressure Sensor Coupler where it connects to the sensor but leave an air space in the tubing between the liquid and the sensor Using a Rotary Motion Sensor to Measure Volume You can mount a Rotary Motion Sensor PS 2120 on a rod and attach the rod
13. essure and temperature increase NOTE This experiment requires the A version of the Ideal Gas Law Appara tus Equipment Setup Ideal Gas Law Apparatus Quick release Connector remove for this experiment Temperature Connector Use the Hydraulic Boom structure with the Ideal Gas Law Apparatus TD 8596A and the Pressure Temperature Sensor PS 2146 e Unscrew the male luer lock at the base of the Ideal Gas Law IGL Apparatus to remove the short quick release connector from the apparatus e Connect the Pressure Sensor Coupler to the female luer lock on the base of the IGL Apparatus in place of the quick release connector e Connect the side arm of the Pressure Sensor Coupler to the pressure port on the Pressure Temperature Sensor Connect the Syringe Coupler from the Pressure Sensor Coupler to the Hydraulic Cylinder Plug the mini stereo plug of the Temperature Connector from the IGL Apparatus into the temperature port on the Pressure Temperature sensor Plug the Pressure Temperature Sensor and the Rotary Motion Sensor into a PASCO Interface NOTE You may want to use a PASport Extension Cable to connect the Pressure Temperature Sensor to the interface PS 2500 PASport Extension Cable 12 IZEIA Model No ME 6984 Ideal Gas Law Procedure Set the plunger for a volume of 40 cubic centimeters cc Hold the base of the IGL Apparatus firmly against a
14. ge 4 Check Valve 9 Hydraulic Cylinder 5 Bleeder Valve O ring Drive Belt not shown EZ Ie 1 Hydraulics Structures Set Introduction The ME 6984 Hydraulics Structures Set is designed to be used with parts from the PASCO Structures System ME 6985 Flexible Beams ME 6987 Flat Beams ME 6989 Physics Structures Set ME 6990 Truss Set ME 6991 Bridge Set ME 6992A Advanced Structures Set ME 6993 Truss Set Members ME 6997 Full Round Connectors ME 6999A Angle Connectors ME 7009 Cast Beam Structures Set See the PASCO catalog or Web site at www pasco com for information about the PASCO Structures System The following PASCO equipment is required for the structures shown in this manual Required Equipment Required Equipment ME 6992A Advanced Structures Set ME 8736 45 cm Steel Rod PS 2107 Absolute Pressure Sensor PS 2120 Rotary Motion Sensor PASPORT Interfaces PS 2146 Pressure Temperature Sensor TD 8596A Ideal Gas Law Syringe Data Acquisition Software See the PASCO catalog or Web site at www pasco com for more information about interfaces and software Recommended Equipment Recommended Equipment Hooked Mass Set SE 8759 Large Slotted Mass Set ME 7566 or ME 7489 Introduction Use the ME 6984 Hydraulics Structures Set with members of the PASCO Advanced Structures Set to build mod els that move and do work Build a fork lift
15. ge coupler from the bleeder valve to the male luer lock on the hydraulic cylinder Check Stopcock l l 20 mL 5 Valve Bleeder Syringe Hydraulic Syringe Assembly Valve Coupler Oylinder OO r ii L L L i O i 2 L T S 9 Figure 8 Example A Ve e Twist the handle on the stopcock of the bleeder valve to the closed position e Pull out the piston of the 20 mL syringe until the tip of the piston is at the 20 mL mark on the syringe Next push the piston of the syringe all the way in What happens to the hydraulic cylinder You should have noticed that the piston of the hydraulic cylinder moved out until the tip of the piston was close to the 20 mL mark on the cylinder Try it again Pull the piston of the 20 mL syringe so the piston is next to the 20 mL mark Did the piston of the hydraulic cylinder go back into the cylinder as you pulled the piston out of the syringe The piston of the hydraulic cylinder should not have moved because the check valve assembly only allows fluid to flow in specific directions Next push the piston of the syringe all the way in The piston of the hydraulic cylinder should move to the 40 mL mark approximately e Repeat the procedure a third time and see whether the piston in the hydraulic cylin
16. gh the valve O Ring Drive Belt pulled out fluid goes through valve A into the cylinder The included O ring can be used as a drive belt when it is looped from one pulley to another pulley or from a pulley to a Rotary Motion Sensor Figure 6 Check Valve Assembly Operation To demonstrate Pascal s Principle as described in the Theory section connect the 60 mL syringe to the syringe coupler Pull the piston halfway out Get a 20 mL syringe and pull its piston halfway out Connect the smaller syringe to the syringe coupler Have one person hold the 60 mL syringe and another person hold the 20 mL syringe Have each person push in the piston of their syringe You should notice that it is much harder to push on 4 IZEIA Model No ME 6984 Operation the piston of the smaller syringe than it is to push on the piston of the larger syringe Can you push the 20 mL syringe s piston all the way in If so can you push the 60 mL syringe s piston all the way in while holding the 20 Syringe Coupler 60 mL To find out how the various components work together set up the following combination of parts 20 mL syringe check valve bleeder valve syringe coupler and hydraulic cylinder Start with the pistons of both the hydraulic cylinder and the 20 mL syringe pushed all the way in Connect the check valve assembly to the 20 mL syringe Connect the bleeder valve to the check valve assembly e Connect the syrin
17. r masses at the end of the 43 hole in the piston cap base as a counterweight eee B Put collets on both sides of D Tie cords diagonally to S m rion the trunnion at the bottom of thecross brace the back of Wass SE hydraulic cylinder the base Tie Bhs endothe Support for slotted masses cord to the middle of the 3 beam Sliding Sliding Connector Connector Yellow Full Cord Cord nouns Tensioning Clip Sliding Connector E Cord is parallel to the top of the boom E Tighten the cord so that it is parallel to the top of the boom when the base of the fork lift E Base of fork lift is parallel to the ground Cord detail is parallel to the ground Extra Equipment Model Hooked Mass Set SE 8759 Large Slotted Mass Set ME 7566 or ME 7489 Yellow Cord 2 pack ME 9876 Foam core board not included IZEIA 9 Hydraulics Structures Set Fork Lift Details Fork Lift Details Piston Boom Axle Details Collet Short axle longer hole on the piston cap Piston Cap 10 LEIHO Model No ME 6984 Scissors Lift Scissors Lift Use a thumbscrew Bn to attach the foam Sliding Connector core board Foam core Axle Sliding board not Hooked included Mass Medium Connector ae Half A Round Li The sliding Straight 2 Collet connector Connector N A clamps on
18. ring that the members experience only ten sion and compression without moments Calibration See the instructions that came with the load cells for details about how to con nect the load cells to an interface or datalogger Follow the instructions to cali brate the load cells and use them to collect data Load cells are factory Figure 11 u calibrated however you can re calibrate them in software or on the datalog Calibration fixture ger See the documentation for your software or datalogger for instructions 6 IZEIA Model No ME 6984 Hydraulic Boom Hydraulic Boom Half Round The O ring Drive Belt loops from the Drive Wheel to the 3X4 Three Step Pulley on the Ae gt Rotary Motion Sensor Structures vg 2X3 Rod Clamp Yellow Cord Rotary Motion Sensor Three Axle Step Long Pulley Small 45 cm Rod 5 y Hydraulic Structures Rod Cylinder Clamp Axle Zi Medium 3 2 a NC Half Full A 1 Round Round 2 d Absolute Pressure Support for slotted masses 43 Syringe e Sensor ANN Pressure Sensor A Place large slotted _ Coupler masses at the end of the Air space E base as a counterweight Es Lifting Mass 60 mL amp i Syringe Optional If you use a liquid leave an air space between the liquid and the sensor 3336 kPa cc c a T 2 a o o a Extra Equipment Model
19. to a the collet Foam Core Board Detail Axle D SSN Collet Medium Flat Extra Equipment Model 4 Round re 5 Hooked Mass Set SE 8759 Yellow Cord 2 pack ME 9876 ei Foam core board n a u Round 43 x Abe iM Cord At oun Tensioning a Clip EST Cord x Hydraulic Cord Cylinder Tensioning T Thumbscrew Cli Half u i Round L 5 Ly Long ollet Axle Pulley Short 1 Round A The piece of foam core B Use cord to cross brace the C Tie one end of the board shown is approximately legs of the scissors lift cord to the short axle 12 5 cm by 17 cm Lower Axle Details Use a 1 Beam to connect the two Half Rounds together Tie one end of the cord to the short axle 11 PAS C O Hydraulics Structures Set Ideal Gas Law Ideal Gas Law Introduction The Ideal Gas Law Apparatus TD 8596A allows simultaneous measurements of temperature and pressure of a gas as it is com pressed A low thermal mass thermistor is built into the base of the syringe to measure temperature changes inside the syringe The response time is around 0 5 second The plunger is equipped with a mechanical stop that protects the thermistor and also allows for a predetermined change in volume The apparatus has a mini stereo plug temperature connector that connects directly to a port on a temperature sensor and a quick release pressure connec tor As the plunger of the syringe is depressed the volume decreases while pr
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