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Netgear WGR826V User's Manual

1. Setup Configure Using DHCP Server DHCP Client ID IP Address lt will be supplied by server gt Subnet mask lt will be supplied by server gt Router address lt will be supplied by server gt Search domains Name server addr lt will be supplied by server gt 2 2 From the Connect via box select your Macintosh s Ethernet interface 3 From the Configure box select Using DHCP Server You can leave the DHCP Client ID box empty 4 Close the TCP IP Control Panel SA Repeat this for each Macintosh on your network MacOS X 1 From the Apple menu choose System Preferences then Network C 18 Preparing Your Network 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V 2 If not already selected select Built in Ethernet in the Configure list 3 If not already selected Select Using DHCP in the TCP IP tab 4 Click Save Verifying TCP IP Properties for Macintosh Computers After your Macintosh is configured and has rebooted you can check the TCP IP configuration by returning to the TCP IP Control Panel From the Apple menu select Control Panels then TCP IP o TcP IP EB Connect via Ethernet Setup Configure Using DHCP Server DHCP Client ID IP Address 192 168 0 2 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Router address 192 168 0 1 Search domain
2. Table 4 2 Log action buttons Field Description Refresh Click this button to refresh the log screen Clear Log Click this button to clear the log entries Send Log Click this button to E mail the log immediately Content Filtering 4 13 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Configuring E Mail Alert and Web Access Log Notifications In order to receive logs and alerts by E mail you must provide your E mail information in the E Mail menu shown below E mail I Turn e mail notification on Send alerts and logs by e mail use 24 hour clack Send to this E mail Address Outgoing Mail Server Send E Mail alerts immediately M Ifa DoS attack is detected M fabnormal TCP flag scan is detected V if someone attempts to access a blocked site Apply Cancel Figure 4 9 Email menu e Turn e mail notification on Check this box if you wish to receive e mail logs and alerts from the router e Your outgoing mail server Enter the name of your ISP s outgoing SMTP mail server such as mail myISP com You may be able to find this information in the configuration menu of your e mail program If you leave this box blank log and alert messages will not be sent via e mail e Send to this e mail address Enter the e mail address to which logs and alerts are sent This e mail address will also be used as the From address If you leave this box b
3. Note The number 192 68 135 127 is not assigned because it is the broadcast address C A of the first subnet The number 192 68 135 128 is not assigned because it is the network address of the second subnet The following table lists the additional subnet mask bits in dotted decimal notation To use the table write down the original class netmask and replace the 0 value octets with the dotted decimal value of the additional subnet bits For example to partition your Class C network with subnet mask 255 255 255 0 into 16 subnets 4 bits the new subnet mask becomes 255 255 255 240 Table 8 1 Netmask Notation Translation Table for One Octet Number of Bits Dotted Decimal Value 128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255 ON O Oo A U N The following table displays several common netmask values in both the dotted decimal and the masklength formats Table 8 2 Netmask Formats Dotted Decimal Masklength 255 0 0 0 8 255 255 0 0 16 255 255 255 0 124 255 255 255 128 25 255 255 255 192 26 255 255 255 224 27 255 255 255 240 28 255 255 255 248 29 B 6 Network Routing and Firewall Basics 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Table 8 2 Netmask Formats 255 255 255 252 30 255 255 255 254 31 255 255 255 255 32 Configure all hosts on a LAN segment to use the same netmask for the following reasons e So that hosts recognize
4. Here are some tips for correcting simple problems you may have Be sure to restart your network in this sequence 1 Turn off and unplug the modem turn off the wireless router and turn off the computer 2 Turn on the modem Wait about 2 minutes 3 10 Connecting the Router to the Internet 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V 3 Turn on the wireless router Wait about 2 minutes 4 Turn on the computer Make sure the Ethernet cables are securely plugged in The Internet status light on the wireless router will be lit if the Ethernet cable to the wireless router from the modem is plugged in securely and the modem and wireless router are turned on For each powered on computer connected to the wireless router with a securely plugged in Ethernet cable the corresponding wireless router LAN port status light will be lit The label on the bottom of the wireless router identifies the number of each LAN port Make sure the wireless settings in the computer and router match exactly The Wireless Network Name SSID and security settings of the router and wireless computer must match exactly Make sure the network settings of the computer are correct LAN and wirelessly connected computers must be configured to obtain an IP address automatically via DHCP Please see Appendix C Preparing Your Network or the animated tutorials on the CD for help with th
5. 2 This Router records this connection opens the INCOMING port or ports associated with this entry in the Port Triggering table and associates them with the PC 3 The remote system receives the PCs request and responds using a different port number 4 This Router matches the response to the previous request and forwards the response to the PC Without Port Triggering this response would be treated as a new connection request rather than a response As such it would be handled in accordance with the Port Forwarding rules Note Only 1 PC can use a Port Triggering application at any time After a PC has finished using a Port Triggering application there is a Time out period before the application can be used by another PC This is required because this Router cannot be sure when the application has terminated Setting Up Advanced Router Configurations 7 9 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V e Port Triggering Rules This table lists the current rules Enable Indicates if the rule is enabled or disabled Generally there is no need to disable a rule unless it interferes with some other function such as Port Forwarding Name The name for this rule Outgoing Ports The ports for outgoing traffic An outgoing connection using one of these ports will Trigger this rule Incoming Ports The port or port range used by the remote sy
6. To enable service blocking select either Per Schedule or Always then click Apply If you want to block by schedule be sure that a time period is specified in the Schedule menu Content Filtering 4 9 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V To specify a service for blocking click Add The Add Services menu will appear as shown below Services Service Definition Name Type TCP he Start Port Finish Port Back Apply Cancel Figure 4 6 Add Services menu From the Service Type list select the application or service to be allowed or blocked The list already displays several common services but you are not limited to these choices To add any additional services or applications that do not already appear select User Defined Configuring a User Defined Service To define a service first you must determine which port number or range of numbers is used by the application The service numbers for many common protocols are defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF and published in RFC1700 Assigned Numbers Service numbers for other applications are typically chosen from the range 1024 to 65535 by the authors of the application This information can usually be determined by contacting the publisher of the application or from user groups of newsgroups Enter the Starting Port and Ending Port numbers If the application uses a single p
7. Use Static IP Address IP Address IP Subnet Mask OO JOL JI nO Gateway IP Address Domain Name Server DNS Address Get Automatically From ISP C Use These DNS Servers Primary DNS Secondary DNS JU JU 1 a Router MAC Address Use Default Address 00 0fb5 22 26 de Use Computer MAC Address C Use This MAC Address ISP Does Require Login Encapsulation PPPoE PPP over Ethernet _ Login eee Password L Service Name If Required Internet IP Address Get Dynamically From ISP Use Static IP Address IP Address E i Li Domain Name Server DNS Address GetAutomatically From ISP Use These DNS Servers Primary DNS CIC ILC IE Secondary DNS LLL Router MAC Address Use Default Address C Use Computer MAC Address 00 0fb5 22 26 de Cancel Test Use This MAC Address Figure 3 7 Browser based configuration Basic Settings menus 1 Connect to the wireless router by typing http 192 168 15 1 in the address field of your browser then click Enter For security reasons the wireless router has its own user name and password When prompted enter admin for the router user name and password for the router password both in lower case letters 3 Click Basic Settings on the Setup menu Connecting the Router to the Internet 3 7 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V If you
8. WIRELESS Basic Settings Basic Settings Wireless Settings Does Your Internet Connection Require A Login C Yes No Logs Block Sites Firewall Rules Account Name if Required S eres Domain Name If Required Schedule Emag Internet IP Address Get Dynamically From ISP Router Status Use Static IP Address Attached Devices IP Address Backup Settings IP Subnet Mask Set Password Gateway IP Address Diagnostics VolP amp QoS Status Domain Name Server DNS Address Get Automatically From ISP WAN Setup Use These DNS Servers Port Triggering Primary DNS Access Control Secondary DNS LAN IP Setup Static Routes Router MAC Address UPnP Use Default Address STE Ee C Use Computer MAC Address Provisioning Use This MAC Address Knowledge Base Apply Cancel Test Product Manuals Logout Figure 3 6 Settings main page NETGEAR Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V fwara2ev 00 0f b5 22 26 de 3 6 Connecting the Router to the Internet 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V 4 CONFIGURE YOUR WIRELESS ROUTER TO CONNECT TO THE INTERNET Configure the router using the Basic Settings menu shown here ISP Does Not Require Login Basic Settings rnet Connection Require A Login Account Name If Required WGR826Y Domain Name If Required Internet IP Address Get Dynamically From ISP
9. Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V NETGEAR NETGEAR Inc 4500 Great America Parkway Santa Clara CA 95054 USA 202 10051 01 March 2005 202 10051 01 March 2005 2005 by NETGEAR Inc All rights reserved March 2005 Trademarks NETGEAR is a trademark of Netgear Inc Microsoft Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design operational function and or reliability NETGEAR reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product s or circuit layout s described herein Federal Communications Commission FCC Compliance Notice Radio Frequency Notice This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur
10. With a wireless Access Point you can operate the wireless LAN in the infrastructure mode This mode provides wireless connectivity to multiple wireless network devices within a fixed range or area of coverage interacting with wireless nodes via an antenna In the infrastructure mode the wireless access point converts airwave data into wired Ethernet data acting as a bridge between the wired LAN and wireless clients Connecting multiple Access Points via a wired Ethernet backbone can further extend the wireless network coverage As a mobile computing device moves out of the range of one access point it moves into the range of another As a result wireless clients can freely roam from one Access Point domain to another and still maintain seamless network connection Wireless Networking Basics D 1 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Ad Hoc Mode Peer to Peer Workgroup In an ad hoc network computers are brought together as needed thus there is no structure or fixed points to the network each node can generally communicate with any other node There is no Access Point involved in this configuration This mode enables you to quickly set up a small wireless workgroup and allows workgroup members to exchange data or share printers as supported by Microsoft networking in the various Windows operating systems Some vendors also refer to ad hoc networking as peer to peer g
11. Different network names are used when setting up your individual computer wired network or workgroup 8 Glossary 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V NIC Network Interface Card A type of PC adapter card that either works without wires Wi Fi or attaches to a network cable to provide two way communication between the computer and network devices such as a hub or switch Most office wired NICs operate at 10 Mbps Ethernet 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet or 10 100 Mbps dual speed High speed Gigabit and 10 Gigabit NIC cards are also available See PC Card PC card also called PCMCIA A removable credit card sized memory or I O input output device that fits into a Type 2 PCMCIA standard slot PC Cards are used primarily in PCs portable computers PDAs and laptops PC Card peripherals include Wi Fi cards memory cards modems NICs hard drives etc PCI adapter A high performance I O computer bus used internally on most computers Other bus types include ISA and AGP PCIs and other computer buses enable the addition of internal cards that provide services and features not supported by the motherboard or other connectors Peer to peer network also called Ad Hoc in WLANs A wireless or wired computer network that has no server or central hub or router All the networked PCs are equally able to act as a network server or client and each client computer can talk to al
12. and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Network icon The Network window opens which displays a list of installed components 3 Select TCP IP and then click Properties The TCP IP Properties dialog box opens 4 Select the IP Address tab If an IP address and subnet mask are shown write down the information If an address is present your account uses a fixed static IP address If no address is present your account uses a dynamically assigned IP address Click Obtain an IP address automatically 5 Select the Gateway tab Preparing Your Network C 21 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V If an IP address appears under Installed Gateways write down the address This is the ISP s gateway address Select the address and then click Remove to remove the gateway address Select the DNS Configuration tab If any DNS server addresses are shown write down the addresses If any information appears in the Host or Domain information box write it down Click Disable DNS Click OK to save your changes and close the TCP IP Properties dialog box You are returned to the Network window Click OK Reboot your PC at the prompt You may also be prompted to insert your Windows CD Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers As mentioned above you may need to collect configuration information from your Macintosh so that you can use th
13. is a modification of WEP to defend against known attacks WEP four patches for key mixing message integrity rekeying initialization vector protection USB Universal Serial Bus A high speed bidirectional serial connection between a PC and a peripheral that transmits data at the rate of 12 megabits per second The new USB 2 0 specification provides a data rate of up to 480 Mbps compared to standard USB at only 12 Mbps 1394 FireWire and iLink all provide a bandwidth of up to 400 Mbps VoIP Voice over IP Voice transmission using Internet Protocol to create digital packets distributed over the Internet VoIP can be less expensive than voice transmission using standard analog packets over POTS Plain Old Telephone Service VPN Virtual Private Network A type of technology designed to increase the security of information transferred over the Internet VPN can work with either wired or wireless networks as well as with dial up connections over POTS VPN creates a private encrypted tunnel from the end user s computer through the local wireless network through the Internet all the way to the corporate servers and database War Chalking The act of making chalk marks on outdoor surfaces walls sidewalks buildings sign posts trees to indicate the existence of an open wireless network connection usually offering an Internet connection so that others can benefit from the free wireless access The open connections typically come fro
14. Address A Class B address can be effectively translated into multiple Class C addresses For example the IP address of 172 16 0 0 is assigned but node addresses are limited to 255 maximum allowing eight extra bits to use as a subnet address The IP address of 172 16 97 235 would be interpreted as IP network address 172 16 subnet number 97 and node number 235 In addition to extending the number of addresses available subnet addressing provides other benefits Subnet addressing allows a network manager to construct an address scheme for the network by using different subnets for other geographical locations in the network or for other departments in the organization Although the preceding example uses the entire third octet for a subnet address note that you are not restricted to octet boundaries in subnetting To create more network numbers you need only shift some bits from the host address to the network address For instance to partition a Class C network number 192 68 135 0 into two you shift one bit from the host address to the network address The new netmask or subnet mask is 255 255 255 128 The first subnet has network number 192 68 135 0 with hosts 192 68 135 1 to 129 68 135 126 and the second subnet has network number 192 68 135 128 with hosts 192 68 135 129 to 192 68 135 254 Network Routing and Firewall Basics B 5 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V
15. Connections windows 8 Then restart your PC Preparing Your Network C 9 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP 2000 or NT4 You will find there are many similarities in the procedures for different Windows systems when using DHCP to configure TCP IP The following steps will walk you through the configuration process for each of these versions of Windows DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP Locate your Network Neighborhood icon e Select Control Panel from the Windows XP new Start Menu e Select the Network Connections icon on the Control Panel This will take you to the next step NE Local Area Conneq Network Tasks Disable fa Create a new connection Repair amp Disable this network device Q Repair this connection Bridge Connections s Rename this connection Create Shortcut e Now the Network Connection window View status of this connection di splays R Change settings of this Properties connection Rename The Connections List that shows all the network connections set up on the PC located to the right of the window Details Other Places e Right click on the Connection you will use and choose Status C 10 Preparing Your Network 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Local Are
16. Identification Services Protocols Adapters Bindings fi Windows uses the following information to identify yon i J computer on the network You may change the name for s Double click the Network icon in the z this computer and the workgroup or domain that it will appear in Control Panel window Computer Name DOCBERTNT The Network panel will display Workgroup emoa e Select the Protocols tab to continue OK Cancel Preparing Your Network C 15 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V e Highlight the TCP IP Protocol in the Network Protocols box and click on the Properties button Network 21x Identification Services Protocols Adapters Bindings Network Protocols FTCPAP Protocol Add Description Cancel Preparing Your Network 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Microsoft TCP IP Properties i 1x IP Address DNS WINS Address Routing An IP address can be automatically assigned to this network card 4 by a DHCP server If your network does not have a DHCP server j The TCP IP Properties di alog box now ask your network administrator for an address and then type it in the space below displays e Click the IP Address tab e Select the radio button marked Obtain
17. Reviewing the Attached DOVWGES ossiisicsnissikidniinutina onia aenean SNE Eaa ANRA 6 4 Backing up Your Settings E E E E P E E Or Using Diagnostics decid Sescseusnasipiceanactsatajalidasusineancdstenapinaanadasenst 7 Reviewing the VoIP and QoS Settings E E naa tints ortecuesutaneaa tt 6 8 Chapter 7 Setting Up Advanced Router Configurations Using the LAN IF Setup OTN sarsies aa kN Configuring LAN TCP IP Setup Paaie EIEEE AE NA EAN oe Using the Router as a DAGP b6rver eosissciininssrirsaiinosnienadi ninaa inania 7 3 Using Address Reservation siccctccccsnrenets utiehtaatiantacsdubmedscntennteeenidaaeetaainesnedaiagte FO Gonigurning Static ROTOS scciias pias faccentiisviaans pivttinudason a Daa Coniguiing WAN Setup Oe a inicnsiceinrericcrmmcarnnaicanianiridegiiecnecmmeniiat Setting Up a Dehault DMZ SAGEM ccsscccciccssassticcctssedetectiaintieiacamect thabnmdscicdaieebainaneenc RE Seting twe MUSZE nonea SE AANE SEES 7 8 POE MOJON cagrena d Access Control List En TAD UUENES osc stn se cetaccce testes Gt ss cumin enc clench uate to deeceien gs eguatnee ei omiatencaaate 7 12 Firmware Upgrade Provisioning VoIP and QoS Advanced Settings ceeee 7 12 chit 8 Basic Fieni AN PEAN EE AE AA E E A E EE E A E EE NR gt Power CODEN CIN nosira ainne canvas SEE EE EEA ENA 8 1 ae Never Turn GA T E E E E a S Pe a ie ihe Web ui inatas E A E A T NE T 8 2 vi Contents 202 10051 01 March 2005 Troubleshooting the ISP Connection
18. The strength of WPA WPA2 comes from an integrated sequence of operations that encompass 802 1 X EAP authentication and sophisticated key management and encryption techniques Its major operations include e Network security capability determination This occurs at the 802 11 level and is communicated through WPA information elements in Beacon Probe Response and Re Association Requests Information in these elements includes the authentication method 802 1X or Pre shared key and the preferred cipher suite WEP TKIP or AES D 10 Wireless Networking Basics 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V The primary information conveyed in the Beacon frames is the authentication method and the cipher suite Possible authentication methods include 802 1X and Pre shared key Pre shared key is an authentication method that uses a statically configured pass phrase on both the stations and the access point This obviates the need for an authentication server which in many home and small office environments will not be available nor desirable Possible cipher suites include WEP TKIP and AES Advanced Encryption Standard We talk more about TKIP and AES when addressing data privacy below e Authentication EAP over 802 1X is used for authentication Mutual authentication is gained by choosing an EAP type supporting this feature and is required by WPA 802 1X port access control preve
19. Type the Destination IP Address of the final destination 6 Type the IP Subnet Mask for this destination If the destination is a single host type 255 255 255 255 7 Type the Gateway IP Address which must be a router on the same LAN segment as the router 8 Type a number between 1 and 15 as the Metric value This represents the number of routers between your network and the destination Usually a setting of 2 or 3 works but if this is a direct connection set it to 1 9 Click Apply to have the static route entered into the table Setting Up Advanced Router Configurations 7 5 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V As an example of when a static route is needed consider the following case e Your primary Internet access is through a cable modem to an ISP e You have an ISDN router on your home network for connecting to the company where you are employed This router s address on your LAN is 192 168 15 100 e Your company s network is 134 177 0 0 When you first configured your router two implicit static routes were created A default route was created with your ISP as the gateway and a second static route was created to your local network for all 192 168 15 x addresses With this configuration if you attempt to access a device on the 134 177 0 0 network your router will forward your request to the ISP The ISP forwards your request to the company where y
20. an outside user may be able to intrude into the network obtain a free Internet connection and possibly gain access to company records and other resources Some people have made a sport out of war driving in part to demonstrate the ease with which wireless LANs can be compromised With an omnidirectional antenna and a geophysical positioning system GPS the war driver can systematically map the locations of 802 11b wireless access points WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy Basic wireless security provided by Wi Fi In some instances WEP may be all a home or small business user needs to protect wireless data WEP is available in 40 bit also called 64 bit or in 108 bit also called 128 bit encryption modes As 108 bit encryption provides a longer algorithm that takes longer to decode it can provide better security than basic 40 bit 64 bit encryption Wi Fi Wireless Fidelity Another name for IEEE 802 11b Products certified as Wi Fi are interoperable with each other even if they are from different manufacturers A user with a Wi Fi product can use any brand of access point with any other brand of client hardware that is built to the Wi Fi standard Wi Fi Alliance formerly WECA Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance The Wi Fi Alliance is a nonprofit international association formed in 1999 to certify interoperability of wireless Local Area Network products based on IEEE 802 11 specification Currently the Wi Fi Alliance has 193 me
21. are becoming popular Firewall A system that secures a network and prevents access by unauthorized users Firewalls can be software hardware or a combination of both Firewalls can prevent unrestricted access into a network as well as restrict data from flowing out of a network Gateway In the wireless world a gateway is an access point with additional software capabilities such as providing NAT and DHCP Gateways may also provide VPN support roaming firewalls various levels of security etc Hot Spot also referred to as Public Access Location A place where you can access Wi Fi service This can be for free or for a fee HotSpots can be inside a coffee shop airport lounge train station convention center hotel or any other public meeting area Corporations and campuses are also implementing HotSpots to provide wireless Internet access to their visitors and guests In some parts of the world HotSpots are known as CoolSpots Hub A multiport device used to connect PCs to a network via Ethernet cabling or via Wi Fi Wired hubs can have numerous ports and can transmit data at speeds ranging from 10 Mbps to multigigabyte speeds per second A hub transmits packets it receives to all the connected ports A small wired hub may only connect 4 computers a large hub can connect 48 or more Wireless hubs can connect hundreds HZ hertz The international unit for measuring frequency equivalent to the older unit of cycles per se
22. be reassigned Without DHCP an IT Manager would have to manually enter in all the IP addresses of all the computers on the network When DHCP is used whenever a computer logs onto the network it automatically gets an IP address assigned to it Diversity antenna A type of antenna system that uses two antennas to maximize reception and transmission quality and reduce interference DNS Domain Name System A program that translates URLs to IP addresses by accessing a database maintained on a collection of Internet servers The program works behind the scenes to facilitate surfing the Web with alpha versus numeric addresses A DNS server converts a name like mywebsite com to a series of numbers like 107 22 55 26 Every website has its own specific IP address on the Internet Encryption Key An alphanumeric letters and or numbers series that enables data to be encrypted and then decrypted so it can be safely shared among members of a network WEP uses an encryption key that automatically encrypts outgoing wireless data On the receiving side the same encryption key enables the computer to automatically decrypt the information so it can be read Enhanced Data Encryption through TKIP To improve data encryption Wi Fi Protected Access utilizes its Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP TKIP provides important data encryption enhancements including a per packet key mixing function a message integrity check MIC named Michael an extended ini
23. ccecceeeeeeneees Troubleshooting a TCP IP Network Using a Ping Utility Testing the LAN Path to Your Router nsee Testing the Path from Your Computer to a Remote Device cee 8 6 Restoring the Default Configuration and Password cc scccccceesteeeeeeeesteeeeeeees ern ts Appendix A Technical Specifications Appendix B Network Routing and Firewall Basics Peele Ui A scr tase cece Sere tacdu cadena A desea taacaectica asnene auddcatotanaaad B 1 Basie Router CB IS cic cin cceccccchictesdcec nase paie ccs scdanchdeanieckel obs beachaaeblae a eicanieaiseeiseieasker EET APOE Mee ROUTED E A EA yen A A TA T N N TIENE OE ET B 1 Routing iniormanon Priel sni agidi D IP Addresses andthe IMEnmnet praski B 2 P eat aE eile inaurdy iets buat eten anal is a skadheasemnalelnaacntuaies B 4 Subnet Addressing P E E AE AE A EE E E E A E E E Private IP Adresses nos lt scrscstessntaainauisatexine a a a EE Single IP Address Operation ani NAT E E E E eu E A A temas MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Paini PE EE AEE EE A A E Related Documents Doman Name SENET norena a aa a N IP Configuration by DHCP PA P T E EA E A A E E T a internet Security and Firewalls sesccancassiveecinssesinsndekannnoaunediumestiananisiacadansecaeis B 10 natki a Frona us aa A OE Sel PACKET INE BECHON misisse Denial of Service Attack Ethernet Cabling ETA EA E E AEI A A A E E A A Category 5 Cable Quality Inside Twiste
24. client adapters can have different default WEP Keys as long as the keys are in the same order In other words the AP can use WEP key 2 as its default key to transmit while a client adapter can use WEP key 3 as its default key to transmit The two devices will communicate as long as the AP s WEP key 2 is the same as the client s WEP key 2 and the AP s WEP key 3 is the same as the client s WEP key 3 Wireless Channels The wireless frequencies used by 802 11b g networks are discussed below IEEE 802 11b g wireless nodes communicate with each other using radio frequency signals in the ISM Industrial Scientific and Medical band between 2 4 GHz and 2 5 GHz Neighboring channels are 5 MHz apart However due to spread spectrum effect of the signals a node sending signals using a particular channel will utilize frequency spectrum 12 5 MHz above and below the center channel frequency As a result two separate wireless networks using neighboring channels for example channel 1 and channel 2 in the same general vicinity will interfere with each other Applying two channels that allow the maximum channel separation will decrease the amount of channel cross talk and provide a noticeable performance increase over networks with minimal channel separation The radio frequency channels used in 802 11b g networks are listed in Table D 4 Table D 4 802 11b g Radio Frequency Channels Channel Center Frequency Fre
25. connected and you are ready to restart your network 2 RESTART YOUR NETWORK IN THE CORRECT SEQUENCE Warning Failure to restart your network in the correct sequence could prevent you from connecting to the Internet a First plug in and turn on the broadband modem Wait about 2 minutes b Now plug in the power cord to your wireless router Wait about 2 minutes c Last turn on your computer Note For DSL customers if software logs you in to the Internet do not run that software You may need to go to the Internet Explorer Tools menu Internet Options Connections tab page where you can select Never dial a connection Connecting the Router to the Internet 3 3 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V q V AD Cg 1 3 Power Call Agent Internet Port Wireless Phone1 LANPort3 Figure 3 4 Verify the connections according to the status lights on the wireless router d Check the wireless router status lights to verify the following Power The power light should turn solid green If it does not see Troubleshooting Tips on page 3 10 Call Agent The LED will be blinking when the unit is registering with the call agent and will be solid if the unit is registered with the call agent The LED will of off if the unit is not registered Internet The Internet port light should be lit If not make sure the Ethernet cable is securely attached to the wir
26. connection among several computers your firewall takes the place of the single PC and you need to configure it with the TCP IP information that the single PC would normally use When the firewall s Internet port is connected to the broadband modem the firewall appears to be a single PC to the ISP The firewall then allows the PCs on the local network to masquerade as the single PC to access the Internet through the broadband modem The method used by the firewall to accomplish this is called Network Address Translation NAT or IP masquerading Are Login Protocols Used Some ISPs require a special login protocol in which you must enter a login name and password in order to access the Internet If you normally log in to your Internet account by running a program such as WinPOET or EnterNet then your account uses PPP over Ethernet PPPoE When you configure your router you will need to enter your login name and password in the router s configuration menus After your network and firewall are configured the firewall will perform the login task when needed and you will no longer need to run the login program from your PC It is not necessary to uninstall the login program What Is Your Configuration Information More and more ISPs are dynamically assigning configuration information However if your ISP does not dynamically assign configuration information but instead used fixed configurations your ISP should have given you the followin
27. feature allows your router to masquerade as that computer by cloning its MAC address To change the MAC address select Use this Computer s MAC address The router will then capture and use the MAC address of the computer that you are now using You must be using the one computer that is allowed by the ISP Or select Use this MAC address and type it in here Click Apply to save your settings 5 CONFIGURE THE VWIRELESS SETTINGS a If you are not already logged in to the wireless router type http 192 168 15 1 in your Internet browser address bar and click Enter When prompted type admin for the router user name and password for the password Click OK 3 8 Connecting the Router to the Internet 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V b Click Wireless Settings in the main configuration menu Select a Region Do not change the other settings Click Apply Wireless Settings Wireless Network Name SSID NETGEAR Region USA gt Channel fit Mode gab 7 Wireless Access Point M Enable Wireless Access Point Allow Broadcast of Name SSID I Wireless Isolation Security Options Disable C WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy C WPA PSK Wi Fi Protected Access Pre Shared Key Cancel Figure 3 8 Wireless Settings menu c Configure your computer to use the Network Name SSID NETGEAR with WEP Security disabled Wa
28. for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Inside Twisted Pair Cables For two devices to communicate the transmitter of each device must be connected to the receiver of the other device The crossover function is usually implemented internally as part of the circuitry in the device Computers and workstation adapter cards are usually media dependent interface ports called MDI or uplink ports Most repeaters and switch ports are configured as media dependent interfaces with built in crossover ports called MDI X or normal ports Auto Uplink technology automatically senses which connection MDI or MDI X is needed and makes the right connection Figure B 4 illustrates straight through twisted pair cable Key A UPLINK OR MDI PORT as on a PC B Normal or MDI X port as on a hub or switch 1 2 3 6 Pin numbers Figure B 4 Straight Through Twisted Pair Cable Figure B 5 illustrates crossover twisted pair cable Key B Normal or MDI X port as on a hub or switch 1 2 3 6 Pin numbers Figure B 5 Crossover Twisted Pair Cable Network Routing and Firewall Basics B 13 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V EN IN r EF 27 1 Key 5525 1 1 RJ 45 plug 2 Category 5 UTP patch cable Figure B 6 Category 5 UTP Cable with Male RJ 45 Plug at Each End Note Flat silver satin telephone cable may have the same RJ 45 p
29. netgear_v2_0_14 9 img INTP Server Primary time g netgear com Secondary time h netgear com MSS Value 250 Bytes Gap Interval 0 usec Packet Threshold 256 Bytes plink Bandwidth s kbps Configuration Registration Proxy Port Transport Expires Transport Proxy Domain _ Port Transport Digit Timer r Critical Timer sec Long Connect Timer Set DTMF Relay Repetilions Recewe Gain 6B Transmit Gain d8 RTP Packet Sequence Check mee Subscribe Timer SEC itter Control on off Min Max e MSOC MSEC Emergency Service PORT 1 Phone Number Display Name Business Group ID Password wee Preferred Codec PORT 2 Phone Number Display Name Business Group ID Password Preferred Codec Phone Status Prefixes Digit Map Figure 6 6 VoIP and QoS Settings page e Firmware Image and NTP Server Image File Name This is the Firmware file name and version that the router is configured with and currently running Doing Basic Router Housekeeping 6 9 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V NTP Server Primary and Secondary These are the NTP servers that the Router is currently configured with e QoS MSS Value This value indicates the Maximum Segment Size MSS which will be set to the TCP connections that are initiated while Voice call is in progress Gap Inte
30. resource locator URL http www netgear com A direct connection to the Internet and a Web browser such as Internet Explorer or Netscape are required Product and Publication Details Model Number WGR826V Publication Date March 2005 Product Family router Product Name WGR826V 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter Home or Business Product Home Language English Publication Part Number 202 10051 01 jii 202 10051 01 March 2005 This page intentionally left blank 202 10051 01 March 2005 Contents Chapter 1 About This Manual Audience Scope Conventions and Formats cccscccccesssseceeeeessneeeeeeesueeeeeeeesteeeeeneaea 1 1 Pee te Use This Manwal siirron a aiiai 1 2 Pow DFii hS Manga masona a o AE 1 3 Chapter 2 Getting to Know Your NETGEAR Wireless Router Package COMEDIE cirera anei a a aa OE AE E EEEa 2 1 TIS PON PNO aina a A A 2 2 TER a PANEL sraa a E 2 4 Chapter 3 Connecting the Router to the Internet Prepare to install Your Wireless FOULED cc scccesicstactodsdasertecaticuedrcciadadiatoomaduaccmnasuasconecsie 3 1 First Connect the Wireless Router to Your Network ccccccccccccccceeeceeeeeeeessueeeeeeeeeeeeees 3 1 Now Set Up a Computer for Wireless Connectivity cc cccesceeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeneeeteaes 3 10 Troubleshooting TIPS sscccctcsanscrcd cotinine Serecammenecnemnepeccntuanmesacerasenadesenieny deveniersacedeumracaneine 3 10 Chapter 4 Content Filtering Goneri Fi
31. the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Operating Frequency Ranges 2 412 2 462 GHz US 802 11 Security 40 bits also called 64 bits and 128 bits WEP and WPA A 2 Technical Specifications 202 10051 01 March 2005 Appendix B Network Routing and Firewall Basics This chapter provides an overview of IP networks routing and networking Related Publications As you read this document you may be directed to various RFC documents for further information An RFC is a Request For Comment RFC published by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF an open organization that defines the architecture and operation of the Internet The RFC documents outline and define the standard protocols and procedures for the Internet The documents are listed on the World Wide Web at www ietf org and are mirrored and indexed at many other sites worldwide Basic Router Concepts Large amounts of bandwidth can be provided easily and relatively inexpensively in a local area network LAN However providing high bandwidth between a local network and the Internet can be very expensive Because of this expense Internet access is usually provided by a slower speed wide area network WAN link such as a cable or DSL modem In order to make the best use of the slower WAN link a mechanism must be in place for selecting and transmitting only the data traffic meant for the Internet The function of selecting and forwarding this data i
32. the label on the bottom of the wireless router Locate the Internet port Securely insert the Ethernet cable from your modem cable 1 in the diagram below into the Internet port of the wireless router as shown in point B of the diagram below Internet Port a Router Cable 1 Internet Modem Figure 3 2 Connect the wireless router to the modem Note Place the WGR826V Wireless Router in a location which conforms to the Observe Performance Placement and Range Guidelines on page 5 1 The stand provided with the wireless router provides a convenient space saving way of installing the wireless router Avoid stacking it on other electronic equipment 3 2 Connecting the Router to the Internet 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V f Securely insert the cable that came with your wireless router the NETGEAR cable in the diagram below into a LAN port on the router such as LAN port 4 point C in the diagram and the other end into the Ethernet port of your computer point D in the diagram Computer SZ NETGEAR Internet Figure 3 3 Connect the computer to the wireless router e Ifyou have AT amp T CallVantage Service or plan to order it connect a telephone to Phone Port 1 on the Wireless Router using a standard phone cord not included Your network cables are
33. the most efficient route based on traffic load line costs speed bad connections etc Satellite broadband A wireless high speed Internet connection provided by satellites Some satellite broadband connections are two way up and down Others are one way with the satellite providing a high speed downlink and then using a dial up telephone connection or other land based system for the uplink to the Internet Server A computer that provides its resources to other computers and devices on a network These include print servers Internet servers and data servers A server can also be combined with a hub or router 10 Glossary 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Site survey The process whereby a wireless network installer inspects a location prior to putting in a wireless network Site surveys are used to identify the radio and client use properties of a facility so that access points can be optimally placed SSID also called ESSID A 32 character unique identifier attached to the header of packets sent over a WLAN that acts as a password when a mobile device tries to connect to the BSS Also called ESSID The SSID differentiates one WLAN from another so all access points and all devices attempting to connect to a specific WLAN must use the same SSID A device will not be permitted to join the BSS unless it can provide the unique SSID Because an SSID can
34. theft To provide a certain level of security the IEEE 802 11 standard has defined these two types of authentication methods e Open System With Open System authentication a wireless computer can join any network and receive any messages that are not encrypted D 2 Wireless Networking Basics 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V e Shared Key With Shared Key authentication only those PCs that possess the correct authentication key can join the network By default IEEE 802 11 wireless devices operate in an Open System network Wired Equivalent Privacy WEP data encryption is used when the wireless devices are configured to operate in Shared Key authentication mode 802 11 Authentication The 802 11 standard defines several services that govern how two 802 11 devices communicate The following events must occur before an 802 11 Station can communicate with an Ethernet network through an access point such as the one built in to the WGR826V 1 Turn on the wireless station The station listens for messages from any access points that are in range The station finds a message from an access point that has a matching SSID The station sends an authentication request to the access point The access point authenticates the station The station sends an association request to the access point The access point associates with the station oc ND MR WN The stati
35. to connect Servers PC s Figure D 1 Open system authentication Shared Key Authentication The following steps occur when two devices use Shared Key Authentication 1 The station sends an authentication request to the access point 2 The access point sends challenge text to the station 3 The station uses its configured 64 bit or 128 bit default key to encrypt the challenge text and sends the encrypted text to the access point 4 The access point decrypts the encrypted text using its configured WEP Key that corresponds to the station s default key The access point compares the decrypted text with the original challenge text If the decrypted text matches the original challenge text then the access point and the station share the same WEP Key and the access point authenticates the station 5 The station connects to the network If the decrypted text does not match the original challenge text the access point and station do not share the same WEP Key then the access point will refuse to authenticate the station and the station will be unable to communicate with either the 802 11 network or Ethernet network D 4 Wireless Networking Basics 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V This process is illustrated below 802 11b Authentication Shared Key Steps 1 Authentication H ________ Access Point request sent to AP HA id C
36. to the other B 14 Network Routing and Firewall Basics 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V The WGR826V Wireless Router incorporates Auto Uplink technology also called MDI MDIX Each LOCAL Ethernet port will automatically sense whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a normal connection e g connecting to a computer or an uplink connection e g connecting to a router switch or hub That port will then configure itself to the correct configuration This feature also eliminates the need to worry about crossover cables as Auto Uplink will accommodate either type of cable to make the right connection Network Routing and Firewall Basics B 15 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V B 16 Network Routing and Firewall Basics 202 10051 01 March 2005 Appendix C Preparing Your Network This appendix describes how to prepare your network to connect to the Internet through the WGR826V 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter and how to verify the readiness of broadband Internet service from an Internet service provider ISP Note If an ISP technician configured your computer during the installation of a C broadband modem or if you configured it using instructions provided by your ISP you may need to copy the current configuration information for use in th
37. to turn off the wireless the LAN when you are away and the others in the household all use wired connections Understanding Wireless Settings To configure the Wireless settings of your firewall click the Wireless Settings link in the main menu of the browser interface Wireless Settings Wireless Network Name SSID NETGEAR Region jsa o YS Channel pz Mode g amp b 7 Wireless Access Point M Enable Wireless Access Point M Allow Broadcast of Name SSID I Wireless Isolation Security Options Disable C WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy C WPA PSK Wi Fi Protected Access Pre Shared Key Cancel Figure 5 2 Wireless Settings menu Name SSID The SSID is also known as the wireless network name Enter a value of up to 32 alphanumeric characters In a setting where there is more than one wireless network different wireless network names provide a means for separating the traffic Any device you want to participate in a particular wireless network will need to use this SSID for that network Region This field identifies the region where the WGR826V can be used when this option is available It may not be legal to operate the wireless features of the wireless router in a region other than one of those identified in this field Optimizing Wireless Connectivity and Security 5 3 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V e Channel This field dete
38. without a RADIUS infrastructure WPA supports the use of a pre shared key Together these technologies provide a framework for strong user authentication Windows XP implements 802 1x natively and several NETGEAR switch and wireless access point products support 802 1x Wireless Networking Basics 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Client with a WPA WPA2 enabled wireless adapter and supplicant Win XP Funk Meetinghouse For example a WPA WPA2 enabled AP ee Supplicant Authenticator a s Identity Identity Request i Credentials Credentials Gputhentication Key Uncontrolled Port 3 Controlled Port Figure D 4 802 1x Authentication Sequence Credentials For example a RADIUS server Authenticating Server a Request Credentials gt Authentication Key if LAN Resources The AP sends Beacon Frames with WPA WPA2 information element to the stations in the service set Information elements include the required authentication method 802 1x or Pre shared key and the preferred cipher suite WEP TKIP or AES Probe Responses AP to station and Association Requests station to AP also contain WPA information elements 1 Initial 802 1x communications begin with an unauthenticated supplicant client device attempting to connect with an authenticator 802 11 access point The client sends an EAP start m
39. 0000 192 168 170 0 As a shorter alternative to dotted decimal notation the netmask may also be expressed in terms of the number of ones from the left This number is appended to the IP address following a backward slash as n In the example the address could be written as 192 168 170 237 24 indicating that the netmask is 24 ones followed by 8 zeros B 4 Network Routing and Firewall Basics 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Subnet Addressing By looking at the addressing structures you can see that even with a Class C address there are a large number of hosts per network Such a structure is an inefficient use of addresses if each end of a routed link requires a different network number It is unlikely that the smaller office LANs would have that many devices You can resolve this problem by using a technique known as subnet addressing Subnet addressing allows us to split one IP network address into smaller multiple physical networks known as subnetworks Some of the node numbers are used as a subnet number instead A Class B address gives us 16 bits of node numbers translating to 64 000 nodes Most organizations do not use 64 000 nodes so there are free bits that can be reassigned Subnet addressing makes use of those bits that are free as shown below ee Network Subnet Node Class B Figure B 2 Example of Subnetting a Class B
40. 1 products typically support four WEP Keys but some manufacturers support only one 128 bit key The 128 bit WEP Key is expressed as 13 sets of two hexadecimal digits 0 9 and A F For example 12 34 56 78 90 AB CD EF 12 34 56 78 90 is a 128 bit WEP Key Table D 3 Encryption Key Sizes Encryption Key Size of Hexadecimal Digits Example of Hexadecimal Key Content 64 bit 24 40 10 4C72F08AE1 128 bit 24 104 26 4C72F08AE19D57A3FF6B260037 Note Typically 802 11 access points can store up to four 128 bit WEP Keys but some 802 11 client adapters can only store one Therefore make sure that your 802 11 access and client adapters configurations match D 6 Wireless Networking Basics 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V WEP Configuration Options The WEP settings must match on all 802 11 devices that are within the same wireless network as identified by the SSID In general if your mobile clients will roam between access points then all of the 802 11 access points and all of the 802 11 client adapters on the network must have the same WEP settings Note Whatever keys you enter for an AP you must also enter the same keys for the client adapter in the same order In other words WEP key 1 on the AP must match WEP key 1 on the client adapter WEP key 2 on the AP must match WEP key 2 on the client adapter and so on Note The AP and the
41. 6V is enabled or not If not enabled wireless users will not be connected to the Internet Broadcast Name indicates if the WGR826V is broadcasting its SSID WEP WPA Status indicates whether security is enabled or disabled on the wireless port and displays the security mode if enabled BSSID Basic service Set Identification Usually MAC address of the wireless port of the WGR826V Click Connection Status to see information about your current connection Doing Basic Router Housekeeping 6 3 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Reviewing the Attached Devices Click on Attached Devices on the Main menu bar to see the Attached Devices page Attached Devices IP Address DeviceName MAC Address Lease Start Time Lease End Time 1 192 168 15 9 Eng temp 00 08 02 11 28 31 Started at 01 01 2003 00 09 30 Willend at 01 02 2003 00 09 30 Refresh Figure 6 3 Attached Devices page This page shows the attached devices information It lists out the device IP Address Device Name MAC Media Access Control Address Lease Start Time and Lease End Time for each computer attached to the Router You cannot change any of the values on this page To update this page and to show the current attached devices click on the Refresh button 6 4 Doing Basic Router Housekeeping 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless
42. C 1 5A output power adapter supplied by NETGEAR for this product If the error persists you have a hardware problem and should contact technical support Troubleshooting Common Problems 8 1 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Lights Never Turn Off When the router is turned on the lights turns on for about 10 seconds and then turn off If all the lights stay on there is a fault within the router If all lights are still on one minute after power up e Cycle the power to see if the router recovers e Clear the router s configuration to factory defaults This will set the router s IP address to 192 168 15 1 This procedure is explained in Restoring the Default Configuration and Password on page 8 7 If the error persists you might have a hardware problem and should contact technical support LAN or Internet WAN Port Lights Not On If either the LAN lights or Internet light do not light when the Ethernet connection is made check the following e Make sure that the Ethernet cable connections are secure at the router and at the hub or workstation e Make sure that power is turned on to the connected hub or workstation e Be sure you are using the correct cable When connecting the router s Internet port to a cable or DSL modem use the cable that was supplied with the cable or DSL modem This cable could be a standard straight through Et
43. Click OK to continue Restart the PC Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network TCP IP Properties 2 Bindings Advanced Newios DNS Configuration Gateway WINS Configuration IP Address An IP address can be automatically assigned to this computer If your network does not automatically assign IP addresses ask your network administrator for an address and then type it in the space below Corcel Selecting Windows Internet Access Method 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Internet Options icon 3 Select I want to set up my Internet connection manually or I want to connect through a Local Area Network and click Next 4 Select I want to connect through a Local Area Network and click Next 5 Uncheck all boxes in the LAN Internet Configuration screen and click Next 6 Proceed to the end of the Wizard Verifying TCP IP Properties After your PC is configured and has rebooted you can check the TCP IP configuration using the utility winipcfg exe 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button and then click Run C 8 Preparing Your Network 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Type winipefg and then click OK The IP Configuration window opens which lists amo
44. Host Configuration Protocol server allowing it to assign IP DNS server and default gateway addresses to all computers connected to the router s LAN The assigned default gateway address is the LAN address of the router IP addresses will be assigned to the attached computers from a pool of addresses specified in this menu Each pool address is tested before it is assigned to avoid duplicate addresses on the LAN For most applications the default DHCP and TCP IP settings of the router are satisfactory See IP Configuration by DHCP on page B 10 for an explanation of DHCP and information about how to assign IP addresses for your network If another device on your network will be the DHCP server or if you will manually configure the network settings of all of your computers clear the Use router as DHCP server check box Otherwise leave it checked Specify the pool of IP addresses to be assigned by setting the Starting IP Address and Ending IP Address These addresses should be part of the same IP address subnet as the router s LAN IP address Using the default addressing scheme you should define a range between 192 168 15 2 and 192 168 15 253 although you may wish to save part of the range for devices with fixed addresses The router will deliver the following parameters to any LAN device that requests DHCP e An IP Address from the range you have defined e Subnet Mask e Gateway IP Address the router s LAN IP address e P
45. However a mixed mode supporting WPA WPA2 and non WPA WPA2 clients would offer network security that is no better than that obtained with a non WPA WPA2 network and thus this mode of operation is discouraged D 16 Wireless Networking Basics 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Changes to Wireless Access Points Wireless access points must have their firmware updated to support the following e The new WPA WPA2 information element To advertise their support of WPA WPA2 wireless APs send the beacon frame with a new 802 11 WPA WPA2 information element that contains the wireless AP s security configuration encryption algorithms and wireless security configuration information The WPA WPA2 two phase authentication Open system then 802 1x EAP with RADIUS or preshared key TKIP e Michael e AES WPA2 To upgrade your wireless access points to support WPA WPA2 obtain a WPA WPA2 firmware update from your wireless AP vendor and upload it to your wireless AP Changes to Wireless Network Adapters Wireless networking software in the adapter and possibly in the OS or client application must be updated to support the following e The new WPA WPA2 information element Wireless clients must be able to process the WPA WPA2 information element and respond with a specific security configuration The WPA WPA2 two phase authentication Open system then 802 1x sup
46. Internet must have a unique address to make sure that transmitted data reaches the correct destination Blocks of addresses are assigned to organizations by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority IANA Individual users and small organizations may obtain their addresses either from the ANA or from an Internet service provider ISP You can contact IANA at www iana org The Internet Protocol IP uses a 32 bit address structure The address is usually written in dot notation also called dotted decimal notation in which each group of eight bits is written in decimal form separated by decimal points For example the following binary address 11000011 00100010 00001100 00000111 is normally written as 195 34 1257 The latter version is easier to remember and easier to enter into your computer In addition the 32 bits of the address are subdivided into two parts The first part of the address identifies the network and the second part identifies the host node or station on the network The dividing point may vary depending on the address range and the application B 2 Network Routing and Firewall Basics 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V There are five standard classes of IP addresses These address classes have different ways of determining the network and host sections of the address allowing for different numbers of hosts on a network Each address type b
47. P WPA PSK automatically changes the keys at a preset time interval making it much more difficult for hackers to find and exploit them The Wi Fi Alliance will call this WPA Personal Wi Fi Protected Access and IEEE 802 111 Comparison Wi Fi Protected Access will be forward compatible with the IEEE 802 111 security specification currently under development by the IEEE Wi Fi Protected Access is a subset of the current 802 11i draft taking certain pieces of the 802 11i draft that are ready to bring to market today such as its implementation of 802 1x and TKIP These features can also be enabled on most existing Wi Fi CERTIFIED products as a software upgrade The main pieces of the 802 111 draft that are not included in Wi Fi Protected Access are secure IBSS secure fast handoff secure de authentication and disassociation as well as enhanced encryption protocols such as AES CCMP These features are either not yet ready for market or will require hardware upgrades to implement Wi Fi Protected Access for the Enterprise Wi Fi Protected Access effectively addresses the WLAN security requirements for the enterprise and provides a strong encryption and authentication solution prior to the ratification of the IEEE 802 111 standard In an enterprise with IT resources Wi Fi Protected Access should be used in conjunction with an authentication server such as RADIUS to provide centralized access control and management With this implementation in place t
48. P entry for the Ethernet adapter and click Properties Record all the settings for each tab page For Macintosh computers record the settings in the TCP IP or Network control panel e You may also refer to the NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup CD for the NETGEAR Router ISP Guide which provides Internet connection information for many ISPs Once you locate your Internet configuration parameters you may want to record them on the page below C 2 Preparing Your Network 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Record Your Internet Connection Information Print this page Fill in the configuration parameters from your Internet Service Provider ISP ISP Login Name The login name and password are case sensitive and must be entered exactly as given by your ISP Some ISPs use your full e mail address as the login name The Service Name is not required by all ISPs If you connect using a login name and password enter the following Login Name Password Service Name Fixed or Static IP Address If you have a static IP address record the following information For example 169 254 141 148 could be a valid IP address Fixed or Static Internet IP Address Gateway IP Address Subnet Mask ISP DNS Server Addresses If you were given DNS server addresses fill in the following Primary DNS Server IP Address Secondary DNS Server IP Address Host and Domain Names Some ISP
49. Phone Adapter WGR826V 8 8 This page intentionally left blank Troubleshooting Common Problems 202 10051 01 March 2005 Appendix A Technical Specifications This appendix provides technical specifications for the WGR826V 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter Network Protocol and Standards Compatibility Data and Routing Protocols Power Adapter All regions output Environmental Specifications Operating temperature Operating humidity Electromagnetic Emissions Meets requirements of Interface Specifications LAN WAN Wireless Radio Data Rates Frequency Data Encoding Maximum Computers Per Wireless Network TCP IP RIP 1 DHCP PPP over Ethernet PPPoE 12V DC 1 5A output 0 to 40 C 322 to 104 F 90 maximum relative humidity noncondensing FCC Part 15 Class B The router incorporates Auto Uplink technology which eliminates the need for crossover cables 10BASE T or 100BASE Tx RJ 45 autosensing and capable of full duplex or half duplex operation 10BASE T or 100BASE Tx RJ 45 autosensing and capable of full duplex or half duplex operation 1 2 5 5 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbps Auto Rate Sensing 2 4Ghz 802 11b g 2 4GHz to 2 5GHz CCK and OFDM Modulation Limited by the amount of wireless network traffic generated by each node Typically up to 30 nodes Technical Specifications A 1 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for
50. Refresh to be sure the Java applet is loaded e Try quitting the browser and launching it again e Make sure you are using the correct login information The URL for the router is http 192 168 15 1 The factory default login name is admin and the password is password both in lower case letters Make sure that CAPS LOCK is off when entering this information If the router does not save changes you have made in the Web Configuration Interface check the following e When entering configuration settings be sure to click the APPLY button before moving to another menu or tab or your changes are lost e Click the Refresh or Reload button in the Web browser The changes may have occurred but the Web browser may be caching the old configuration Troubleshooting the ISP Connection If your router is unable to access the Internet you should first determine whether the router is able to obtain a WAN IP address from the ISP Unless you have been assigned a static IP address your router must request an IP address from the ISP You can determine whether the request was successful using the Web Configuration Manager To check the WAN IP address 1 Launch your browser and select an external site such as www netgear com 2 Access the Main Menu of the router s configuration at http 192 168 15 1 3 Under the Maintenance heading select Router Status Troubleshooting Common Problems 8 3 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for th
51. Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Backing up Your Settings Click on Backup Settings on the Main menu bar to see the Backup Settings page Backup Settings Save a Copy of Current Settings Backup Restore Saved Settings from a File Browse Restore Revert to Factory Default Settings Erase Figure 6 4 Backup Settings page This page allows you to backup restore and erase the Router s current settings Once you have the Router working properly you should backup the information to have it available if something goes wrong When you backup the settings they are saved as a file on your computer You can restore the Router s settings from this file To create a backup file of the current settings 1 Click Backup 2 Ifyou don t have your browser set up to save downloaded files automatically locate where you want to save the file rename it if you like and click Save If you have your browser set up to save downloaded files automatically the file is saved to the your browser s download location on the hard disk and is called netgear cfg IMPORTANT Once you start restoring settings or erasing the Router do NOT try to go online turn off the Router shutdown the computer or do anything else to the Router until it finishes restarting This should only take a minute or so When the Test light looks like a check mark stops blinking wait a few more seconds before doing anything with the Router Doing Basic Ro
52. SPs maintain their own DNS servers and allow their customers to use the servers to look up addresses IP Configuration by DHCP When an IP based local area network is installed each computer must be configured with an IP address If the computers need to access the Internet they should also be configured with a gateway address and one or more DNS server addresses As an alternative to manual configuration there is a method by which each computer on the network can automatically obtain this configuration information A device on the network may act as a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP server The DHCP server stores a list or pool of IP addresses along with other information such as gateway and DNS addresses that it may assign to the other devices on the network The WGR826V Wireless Router has the capacity to act as a DHCP server The WGR826V Wireless Router also functions as a DHCP client when connecting to the ISP The firewall can automatically obtain an IP address subnet mask DNS server addresses and a gateway address if the ISP provides this information by DHCP Internet Security and Firewalls When your LAN connects to the Internet through a router an opportunity is created for outsiders to access or disrupt your network A NAT router provides some protection because by the very nature of the process the network behind the router is shielded from access by outsiders on the Internet However there are methods by whi
53. UPnP Setting Universal Plug and Play UPnP helps devices such as Internet appliances and computers access the network and connect to other devices as needed UPnP devices can automatically discover the services from other registered UPnP devices on the network Click on UPnP on the Main menu bar to see the UPnP Settings page UPnP Setting M Turn UPnP On Apply Cancel Figure 7 7 UPnP Settings page Turn UPnP On UPnP can be enabled or disabled for automatic device configuration The default setting for UPnP is enabled If disabled the router will not allow any device to automatically control the resources such as port forwarding mapping of the router 1 Click the check box to Turn UPnP On 2 Click the Apply button to save changes Firmware Upgrade Provisioning VoIP and QoS Advanced Settings Note Access to the Firmware Upgrade Provisioning VoIP and QoS Advanced Settings page requires a password from AT amp T technical support 4 7 12 Setting Up Advanced Router Configurations 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Click on Firmware Upgrade Provisioning VoIP and QoS Advanced Settings on the Main menu bar to see the Firmware Upgrade Provisioning VoIP and QoS Advanced Settings page Firmware Upgrade Provisioning VoIP and QoS Advanced Settings Provisioning Mode XML Provisioning From AT amp T Server C Turn Loc
54. Unit value for most Ethernet networks is 1500 Bytes For some ISPs particularly some using PPPoE you may need to reduce the MTU to 1492 This should not be done unless you are sure it is necessary by your ISP Any packets sent through the router that are larger than the configured MTU size will be repackaged into smaller packets to meet the MTU requirement To change the MTU size Under MTU Size enter a new size between 64 and 1500 Then click Apply to save the new configuration Port Triggering Port Triggering is used to allow applications which would otherwise be blocked by the firewall Using this feature requires that you know the port numbers used by the Application 7 8 Setting Up Advanced Router Configurations 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Click on Port Triggering on the Main menu bar to see the Port Triggering page Port Triggering Port Triggering Rules E Enable Name Outgoing Ports Incoming Ports Add Edit Delete Port Triggering Rule Name l Enable Disable Outgoing Trigger Port Range Start Port fo 1 65534 End Part fo 1 65534 Incoming Response Port Range Start Port fo 1 65534 End Port jo 1 65534 Apply Cancel Figure 7 5 Port Triggering menus Once configured operation is as follows 1 A PC makes an outgoing connection using a port number defined in the Port Triggering table
55. Wireless Connectivity and Security 202 10051 01 March 2005 5 5 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Information to Gather Before Changing Basic Wireless Settings Before customizing your wireless settings print this form and record the following information e 802 11g Wireless Network Name SSID The SSID identifies the wireless network You can use up to 32 alphanumeric characters The SSID is case sensitive The SSID in the wireless adapter card must match the SSID of the wireless router In some configuration utilities such as in Windows XP the term wireless network name is used instead of SSID If WEP Authentication is Used Circle one Open System Shared Key or Auto Note If you select Shared Key the other devices in the network will not connect unless they are set to Shared Key as well and are configured with the correct key WEP Encryption key size Choose one 64 bit or 128 bit Again the encryption key size must be the same for the wireless adapters and the wireless router Data Encryption WEP Keys There are two methods for creating WEP data encryption keys Whichever method you use record the key values in the spaces below e Passphrase method These characters are case sensitive Enter a word or group of printable characters and click the Generate Keys button Not all wireless devices support the passphrase method e Manual method These values are no
56. a Connection Status General Support e Now you should be at the Local Area ee Network Connection Status window This Status Connected box displays the connection status duration Duration 0ga speed and activity statistics Paes ee e Administrator logon access rights are needed aes Fi ctivity to use this window aa 2 e Rese e Click the Properties button to view details Packets 138 143 243 057 about the connection 4 Local Area Connection Properties F Genemi e The TCP IP details are presented on the enere Authentioations Advanced Support tab page Connect using N E9 Intel R PRO 100 VE Network Connection e Select Internet Protocol and click Properties to view the configuration l i e infi tion This connection uses the following items penne v 8 File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks dE QoS Packet Scheduler v Internet Protocol TCP IP Install Uninstall Properties Description Allows your computer to access resources on a Microsoft network Show icon in notification area when connected OK Cancel Preparing Your Network C 11 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Verify that the Obtain an IP address automatically radio button is selected e Verify that Obtain DNS server address automatically radio button is selected e Click the OK butto
57. a device to know which other addresses are local to it and which must be reached through a gateway or router e RIP Direction RIP Router Information Protocol allows a router to exchange routing information with other routers The RIP Direction selection controls how the router sends and receives RIP packets Both is the default When set to Both or Out Only the router will broadcast its routing table periodically When set to Both or In Only it will incorporate the RIP information that it receives When set to None it will not send any RIP packets and will ignore any RIP packets received e RIP Version This controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP packets that the router sends It recognizes both formats when receiving By default this is set for RIP 1 RIP 1 is universally supported RIP 1 is probably adequate for most networks unless you have an unusual network setup RIP 2 carries more information RIP 2B uses subnet broadcasting 7 2 Setting Up Advanced Router Configurations 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Note If you change the LAN IP address of the router while connected through the browser you will be disconnected You must then open a new connection to the new IP address and log in again gt Using the Router as a DHCP server By default the router will function as a DHCP Dynamic
58. able or DLS modem 1 EF lt _ 2 AP sends challenge text w Client 3 Client encrypts attempting challenge text and _ gt to connect sends it back to AP 4 AP decrypts and if correct mM _ k authenticates client 5 Client connects to network gt Figure D 2 Shared key authentication Overview of WEP Parameters Before enabling WEP on an 802 11 network you must first consider what type of encryption you require and the key size you want to use Typically there are three WEP Encryption options available for 802 11 products 1 Do Not Use WEP The 802 11 network does not encrypt data For authentication purposes the network uses Open System Authentication 2 Use WEP for Encryption A transmitting 802 11 device encrypts the data portion of every packet it sends using a configured WEP Key The receiving device decrypts the data using the same WEP Key For authentication purposes the network uses Open System Authentication 3 Use WEP for Authentication and Encryption A transmitting 802 11 device encrypts the data portion of every packet it sends using a configured WEP Key The receiving device decrypts the data using the same WEP Key For authentication purposes the wireless network uses Shared Key Authentication Note Some 802 11 access points also support Use WEP for Authentication Only Shared Key Authentication without data encryption Wireless Netwo
59. ail or other Server on the Internet you can do a DNS lookup to find the IP address e Display the Routing Table This operation will display the internal routing table This information is used by Technical Support and other staff who understand Routing Tables e Reboot the Router Use this button to perform a remote reboot restart You can use this if the Router seems to have become unstable or is not operating normally Note Rebooting will break any existing connections either to the Router such as this one or through the Router for example LAN users accessing the Internet However connections to the Internet will automatically be re established when possible Reviewing the VoIP and QoS Settings You can use the VoIP and QoS Status Help page to check the current settings for your VoIP and QoS that the Router is provisioned automatically by provisioning server SASVP This page also displays the other downloaded configuration information such as firmware file name and Name servers primary and secondary If you wish you to change this configuration you ll have to change it on the Router Upgrade and Provisioning page 6 8 Doing Basic Router Housekeeping 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Click on VoIP and QoS Settings on the Main menu bar to see the VoIP and QoS Settings page olP and QoS Settings irmware Image and NTP Server Image File Name
60. al Provisioning On Login Password Submit Cancel Figure 7 8 Firmware Upgrade Provisioning VoIP and QoS Advanced Settings page In this page you can select the mode of provisioning After login you can perform provisioning with AT amp T server or conduct advanced VoIP and QoS configuration e Provisioning Mode XML provisioning This is the default provisioning mode In this mode the Router contacts AT amp T provisioning server SASVP and gets the configuration information and provisions the Router When you login you can upgrade the image check the provision status and initiate provision process manually You can get the login details by contacting AT amp T CallVantage Support Staff Turn Local Provisioning On This mode enables configuration of VoIP and QoS parameters with the assistance of AT amp T Support Staff In order to do the configuration you need a login ID and password You can get these details by contacting AT amp T CallVantage Support Staff e The configurations made in this mode will be retained as long as the Local Provisioning mode is selected The configuration gets saved in non volatile memory and gets loaded on every power ON of the Router When you change the mode to XML Provisioning the Router immediately gets this configuration information from SASVP server and provisions it Note The modifications done in local mode will be lost on changing to XML mode Setting Up Advanced Route
61. an IP address from a DHCP server Obtain an IP address from a DHCP server C Specify an IP address e Click OK This completes the configuration of TCP IP in Windows NT Restart the PC Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network Verifying TCP IP Properties for Windows XP 2000 and NT4 To check your PC s TCP IP configuration 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button and then click Run The Run window opens 2 Type cma and then click OK A command window opens 3 Type ipconfig all Your IP Configuration information will be listed and should match the values below if you are using the default TCP IP settings that NETGEAR recommends for connecting through a router or gateway e The IP address is between 192 168 15 2 and 192 168 15 253 e The subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 Preparing Your Network C 17 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V e The default gateway is 192 168 15 1 4 Type exit Configuring the Macintosh for TCP IP Networking Beginning with Macintosh Operating System 7 TCP IP is already installed on the Macintosh On each networked Macintosh you will need to configure TCP IP to use DHCP MacOS 8 6 or 9 x 1 From the Apple menu select Control Panels then TCP IP The TCP IP Control Panel opens o TCP IP Connect via Ethernet
62. and selected in the box of Components checked are used by this connection e Client for Microsoft Networks and e Internet Protocol TCP IP e Click OK Local Area Connection Properties General Connect using BY 3Com 10 100 Mini PCI Ethernet Adapter Components checked are used by this connection V E Client for Microsoft Networks 8 File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks Internet Protocol TCP IP Install Uninstall Properties Description Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol The default wide area network protocol that provides communication across diverse interconnected networks IV Show icon in taskbar when connected OK Cancel Preparing Your Network C 13 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties 2 x General You can get IP settings assigned automatically if your network supports this capability Otherwise you need to ask your network administrator for e With Internet Protocol TCP IP selected Phim ti les click on Properties to open the Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties dialogue box Obtain an IP address automatically C Use the following IP address e Verify that JP addis ars Subnet mask be e Obtain an IP address automatically is ete hee a selected Obtain DNS server add
63. apability defined in the specification enables a secure access control mechanism for the service providers and for mobile users not utilizing VPN connections Wi Fi Protected Access in Mixed Mode Deployment In a large network with many clients a likely scenario is that access points will be upgraded before all the Wi Fi clients Some access points may operate in a mixed mode which supports both clients running Wi Fi Protected Access and clients running original WEP security While useful for transition the net effect of supporting both types of client devices is that security will operate at the less secure level WEP common to all the devices Therefore organizations will benefit by accelerating the move to Wi Fi Protected Access for all Wi Fi clients and access points WiMAX An IEEE 802 16 Task Group that provides a specification for fixed broadband wireless access systems employing a point to multipoint PMP architecture Task Group of IEEE 802 16 developed a point to multipoint broadband wireless access standard for systems in the frequency range 10 66 GHz The standard covers both the Media Access Control MAC and the physical PHY layers Wireless Multimedia WMM WMM Wireless Multimedia is a subset of the 802 11le standard WMM allows wireless traffic to have a range of priorities depending on the kind of data Time dependent information like video audio or voice will have a higher priority than normal traffic For WMM
64. ations and to work properly with them but there are other applications that may not function well In some cases one local computer can run the application properly if that computer s IP address is entered as the default DMZ server Note DMZ servers pose a security risk A computer designated as the default DMZ server loses much of the protection of the firewall and is exposed to exploits from the Internet If compromised the DMZ server can be used to attack your network gt Incoming traffic from the Internet is normally discarded by the router unless the traffic is a response to one of your local computers or a service that you have configured in the Ports menu Instead of discarding this traffic you can have it forwarded to one computer on your network This computer is called the Default DMZ Server The WAN Setup menu shown below lets you configure a Default DMZ Server To assign a computer or server to be a Default DMZ server follow these steps 1 Click WAN Setup on the Advanced section of the main menu 2 Type the IP address for that server To remove the default DMZ server replace the IP address numbers with all zeros 3 Click Apply to save your settings Setting Up Advanced Router Configurations 7 7 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Setting the MTU Size The default MTU size is usually fine The normal MTU Maximum Transmit
65. atus lights you can use to verify connections ETGEAR r 0 Power v Call Agent v 1 Phone 1 3 LAN Port 3 cL Cg Internet Port Wireless Figure 2 1 WGR826V Front Panel Viewed from left to right the table below describes the lights on the front panel of the router Table 2 1 Status Light Descriptions Label Activity Description Power On Green Solid Power is supplied to the router Off Power is not supplied to the router Call Agent On Green Solid The router is registered with the call agent Blinking The router is registering with the call agent Off The router is not registered Internet On The Internet port has detected a link with an attached device Port Blink Data is being transmitted or received by the Internet port Wireless On The 802 11g wireless interface is enabled Internet On The Internet port has detected a link with an attached device Port Blink Data is being transmitted or received by the Internet port 2 2 Getting to Know Your NETGEAR Wireless Router 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Table 2 1 Status Light Descriptions continued Label Activity Description Phone Green Fast Blinking Port is enabled and trying to register to the server 1 during boot time or Port 60Hz 2 failed just previously and is attempting to re register Green Slow Port is ready to use an
66. bandwidth a network provides the more data can flow through it Standard 802 11b provides a bandwidth of 11 Mbps 802 11a and 802 11g provide a bandwidth of 54 Mbps Bits per second bps A measure of data transmission speed over communication lines based on the number of bits that can be sent or received per second Bits per second bps is often confused with bytes per second Bps While bits is a measure of transmission speed bytes is a measure of storage capability 8 bits make a byte so if a wireless network is operating at a bandwidth of 11 megabits per second 11 Mbps or 11 Mbits sec it is sending data at 1 375 megabytes per second 1 375 Mbps Bluetooth Wireless Technology A technology specification for linking portable computers personal digital assistants PDAs and mobile phones for short range transmission of voice and data across a global radio frequency band without the need Glossary 3 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V for cables or wires Bluetooth is a frequency hopping technology in the 2 4 GHz frequency spectrum with a range of 30 feet and up to 11Mbps raw data throughput Bridge A product that connects a local area network LAN to another local area network that uses the same protocol for example wireless Ethernet or token ring Wireless bridges are commonly used to link buildings in campuses Client or Client devices Any c
67. be sniffed in plain text from a packet it does not supply any security to the network An SSID is also referred to as a Network Name because essentially it is a name that identifies a wireless network SSL Secure Sockets Layer Commonly used encryption scheme used by many online retail and banking sites to protect the financial integrity of transactions When an SSL session begins the server sends its public key to the browser The browser then sends a randomly generated secret key back to the server in order to have a secret key exchange for that session Subnetwork or Subnet Found in larger networks these smaller networks are used to simplify addressing between numerous computers Subnets connect to the central network through a router hub or gateway Each individual wireless LAN will probably use the same subnet for all the local computers it talks to Switch A type of hub that efficiently controls the way multiple devices use the same network so that each can operate at optimal performance A switch acts as a networks traffic cop rather than transmitting all the packets it receives to all ports as a hub does a switch transmits packets to only the receiving port TCP Transmission Control Protocol A protocol used along with the Internet Protocol IP to send data in the form of individual units called packets between computers over the Internet While IP takes care of handling the actual delivery of the data TCP takes care of ke
68. cel Figure 6 1 Set Password menu To change the password first enter the old password then enter the new password twice Click Apply Doing Basic Router Housekeeping 6 1 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Reviewing the Router Status You can use the Router Status page to check the current settings for your Router If something needs to be changed you will have to change it on the relevant page Click on Router Status on the Main menu bar to see the Router Status page Router Status Account Name WGR826V Firmware Version Primary V2 0 14 9 Secondary 2 0 10 7 WAN Port MAC Address 00 0F B5 22 26 DE IP Address 0 0 0 0 Network Type DHCP Client IP Subnet Mask 0 0 0 0 Gateway IP Address Domain Name Server Primary Secondary LAN Port MAC Address 00 0F B5 22 26 DF IP Address 192 168 15 1 DHCP ON IP Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Wireless Port SSID NETGEAR Region United States Channel Frequency 1112 467 GHZ Mode gandb Wireless AP ON Broadcast Name ON WEP WPA Status Disabled BSSID 00 11 09 0a fh 5e Show Statistics Connection Status Figure 6 2 Router Status page e Account Name This is the Account Name that you entered in Basic Settings 6 2 Doing Basic Router Housekeeping 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Firmware Version This is the current softwa
69. ch a determined hacker can possibly obtain information about your network or at the least can disrupt your Internet access A greater degree of protection is provided by a firewall router B 10 Network Routing and Firewall Basics 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V What is a Firewall A firewall is a device that protects one network from another while allowing communication between the two A firewall incorporates the functions of the NAT router while adding features for dealing with a hacker intrusion or attack Several known types of intrusion or attack can be recognized when they occur When an incident is detected the firewall can log details of the attempt and can optionally send E mail to an administrator notifying them of the incident Using information from the log the administrator can take action with the ISP of the hacker In some types of intrusions the firewall can fend off the hacker by discarding all further packets from the hacker s IP address for a period of time Stateful Packet Inspection Unlike simple Internet sharing routers a firewall uses a process called stateful packet inspection to ensure secure firewall filtering to protect your network from attacks and intrusions Since user level applications such as FTP and Web browsers can create complex patterns of network traffic it is necessary for the firewall to analyze groups of network connect
70. cintosh Operating System 7 or later includes the software components for establishing a TCP IP network e All versions of UNIX or Linux include TCP IP components Follow the instructions provided with your operating system or networking software to install TCP IP on your computer In your IP network each computer and the firewall must be assigned a unique IP addresses Each computer must also have certain other IP configuration information such as a subnet mask netmask a domain name server DNS address and a default gateway address In most cases you should install TCP IP so that the computer obtains its specific network configuration information automatically from a DHCP server during bootup For a detailed explanation of the meaning and purpose of these configuration items refer to Appendix B Network Routing and Firewall Basics The WGR826V Wireless Router is shipped preconfigured as a DHCP server The firewall assigns the following TCP IP configuration information automatically when the PCs are rebooted e PC or workstation IP addresses 192 168 15 2 through 192 168 15 253 e Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 e Gateway address the firewall 192 168 15 1 These addresses are part of the IETF designated private address range for use in private networks Configuring Windows 95 98 and Me for TCP IP Networking As part of the PC preparation process you need to manually install and configure TCP IP on each networked PC Befor
71. cond One megahertz MHz is one million hertz One gigahertz GHz is one billion hertz The standard US electrical power frequency is 60 Hz the AM broadcast radio frequency band is 535 1605 kHz the FM broadcast radio frequency band is 88 108 MHz and wireless 802 11b LANs operate at 2 4 GHz 6 Glossary 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers A membership organization www ieee org that includes engineers scientists and students in electronics and allied fields It has more than 300 000 members and is involved with setting standards for computers and communications IEEE 802 11 A set of specifications for LANs from The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE Most wired networks conform to 802 3 the specification for CSMA CD based Ethernet networks or 802 5 the specification for token ring networks 802 11 defines the standard for wireless LANs encompassing three incompatible non interoperable technologies Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum FHSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum DSSS and Infrared WECA s Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance now Wi Fi Alliance focus is on 802 11b an 11 Mbps high rate DSSS standard for wireless networks Infrastructure mode A client setting providing connectivity to an access point AP As compared to Ad Hoc mode whereby PCs communicate d
72. ction BLOCK always gt LAN Users Any gt start u finish u WAN Users Any gt start o finish u Log Never gt Apply Cancel 4 4 202 10051 01 March 2005 Content Filtering Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V e Services Select the desired Service or application to be covered by this firewall rule If the desired service or application does not appear in the list you must define it using the Services menu e Action Select the desired action for packets covered by this rule BLOCK always ALLOW always ALLOW by schedule otherwise Block Note Any outbound traffic which is not blocked by firewall rules you create will be allowed by the Default rule ALLOW tules are only useful if the traffic is already covered by a BLOCK rule That is you wish to allow a subset of traffic which is currently blocked by another rule To define the Schedule used in these selections use the Schedule screen e LAN users These settings determine which computers on your network are affected by this firewall rule based on their source LAN IP address Select the desired option Any All local IP addresses are covered by this firewall rule Address range If this option is selected you must enter the Start and Finish fields Single address Enter the required address in the Start fields e WAN Servers These settings determine which Internet locations ar
73. d Pair Cables ccccccccesscesssseecsteseeseeeesseeeessaees wena Erle Uplink Switches Crossover Cables and MDI MDIX Switching Peat ren ere ret a Appendix C Preparing Your Network onak You Need To Use a Router with a Broadband Modem c cccsceeeeeeeeeeeeees C 1 peal Network graai Fieis Tr TT E T E Contents 202 10051 01 March 2005 vii Internet Configuration Requirements eT re Where Do Get the Internet Config on Parameters ai Record Your Internet Connection Information ccccccscessceseccesseeseeeseessseseseeesses OOO Preparing Your Computers for TCP IP Networking ssesessseeeeessseeteeeseteneees C O Configuring Windows 95 98 and Me for TCP IP Networking ceceeeteteees C4 Install or Verify Windows Networking Components Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP IP Settings in Windows 95B 98 and Me C 6 Selecting Windows Internet Access Method n se C 8 Rees auld es er situa etapa vec aG i hetal or r Verify Windows Menasi ai pinay T EE c 9 DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP 2000 or NT4 eeeeeeeeereeeee C10 DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows 2000 DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows NT4 rere eres eres Verifying TCP IP Properties for Windows XP 2000 and NT4 oe oe the Macintosh tor TOPIIP Neiwotking crocinar S Ha x teens AEE A T EE E ee Verifying TCP IP pu
74. d as the 2 4 GHz frequency because the 802 11a specification offers more radio channels than the 802 11b These additional channels can help avoid radio and microwave interference 802 11b Standard International standard for wireless networking that operates in the 2 4 GHz frequency range 2 4 GHz to 2 4835 GHz and provides a throughput of up to 11 Mbps This is a very commonly used frequency Microwave ovens cordless phones medical and scientific equipment as well as Bluetooth devices all work within the 2 4 GHz frequency band 802 11d Standard 802 11d is an IEEE standard supplementary to the Media Access Control MAC layer in 802 11 to promote worldwide use of 802 11 WLANs It will allow access points to communicate information on the permissible radio channels with acceptable power levels for client devices The devices will automatically adjust based on geographic requirements Glossary 1 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V The purpose of 11d is to add features and restrictions to allow WLANs to operate within the rules of these countries Equipment manufacturers do not want to produce a wide variety of country specific products and users that travel do not want a bag full of country specific WLAN PC cards The outcome will be country specific firmware solutions 802 11e Standard 802 1 1e is a proposed IEEE standard to define quality of service QoS mechan
75. d currently on hook in talking state Blinking 30Hz Repeat of Green Port is ready to use and currently on hook with Message Waiting If the Slow Blinking phone goes off hook then it will be Green Slow Blinking 30Hz 30Hz Twice and then OFF for 5 seconds OFF Port account is disabled inactive Green ON Port is ready to use and currently on hook LAN Ports Green The LAN port has detected a 100 Mbps link with an attached device Amber The LAN port has detected a 10 Mbps link with an attached device An occasional quick flash of the phone LEDs is normal and indicates that the TA is communicating with the call agent Getting to Know Your NETGEAR Wireless Router 2 3 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V The Rear Panel The rear panel of the WGR826V router contains the items listed below Power 2 Phone Reset 3 LAN Internet Port Ports Button Ports Figure 1 2 WGR826V Rear Panel Viewed from left to right the rear panel contains the following features Outlet for 12V DC 1 5A output AC power adapter Two phone ports Factory default reset push button Three LAN phone ports Internet WAN Ethernet port for connecting the router to a cable or DSL modem Wireless antenna 2 4 Getting to Know Your NETGEAR Wireless Router 202 10051 01 March 2005 Chapter 3 Connecting the Router to the Internet This chapter describe
76. dapter WGR826V Your ISP could be rejecting the Ethernet MAC addresses of all but one of your computers Many broadband ISPs restrict access by only allowing traffic from the MAC address of your broadband modem but some ISPs additionally restrict access to the MAC address of a single computer connected to that modem If this is the case you must log in to the router and use the Basic Settings menu to configure your router to clone or spoof the MAC address from the authorized computer Restoring the Default Configuration and Password This section explains how to restore the factory default configuration settings changing the router s administration password to password You can erase the current configuration and restore factory defaults To restore the factory default configuration settings without knowing the administration password or IP address you must use the Default Reset button on the rear panel of the router 1 Press and hold the Default Reset button until the power light blinks on about 10 seconds 2 Release the Default Reset button and wait for the router to reboot If the wireless router fails to restart or the power light continues to blink or turns solid amber the unit may be defective If the error persists you might have a hardware problem and should contact technical support Troubleshooting Common Problems 8 7 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with
77. ds for inigi in emisi PE A A AE E ee Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet Account Are Login Protocols Used scccisiccasasintcnvvadacsnuanixenccce What Is Your Configuration ilana gt eor iN ss E E Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows keoiou E A E EE Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers C 22 Restarting the Meine sinisisi eaten eae ei C 23 Appendix D Wireless Pees Basics viii eig Modi Anah oer D 1 Ad Hoc Mode Peer to Psor Dinkaroubi a ik EE NE Network Name Extended Service Set Identification ESSID E E Authentication and WEP Data Encryption aicsccsccsssscceiacecccsetecsivcccneentecsastscteiadccsstaceanaccnra DA B02 TT ENC aO anana aA D 3 Open System Authentication i ince cicciseensiossesorsssisininerestes storsnoutdraerdusvaredsonnieumnnunties D 3 Contents 202 10051 01 March 2005 shared Key SUB NUCAUON in2ciscimpnrienininiadhi ona aa N D 4 Overview oi WEP Paramblols ccisicccarncaesgatiasascdai yeni nigaeeanusadscocstuceganenaniecshemnedenks D 5 PG AA acto E E nec E E E R E A A A A ocean D 6 WEP CONAN PNG rnegiiacnaa a aa E A D 7 Mess Cannae maa T st recre st trrreretrrrreerr rte tree rere eree tt D 7 WPA and WPA2 Wireless Security sssiivsiinsrencsnienustarmaeiaean aaa a D 8 How Does WPA Compares to WEP siiisserrniioos tiiis arona ee aaa aA D 9 How Does WPA Compare to WPA2 IEEE 802 111 eeeesseeesseseseesssesrsessreessn D 10 What are t
78. e data is transferred from one location to another A bridge connects devices that all use the same kind of protocol A router can connect networks that use differing protocols It also reads the addresses included in the packets and routes them to the appropriate computer station working with any other routers in the network to choose the best path to send the packets on A wireless hub or access point adds a few capabilities such as roaming and provides a network connection to a variety of clients but it does not allocate bandwidth A switch is a hub that has extra intelligence It can read the address of a packet and send it to the appropriate computer station A wireless gateway is an access point that provides additional capabilities such as NAT routing DHCP firewalls security etc Ad Hoc mode A client setting that provides independent peer to peer connectivity in a wireless LAN An alternative set up is one where PCs communicate with each other through an AP See access point and Infrastructure mode Bandwidth The amount of transmission capacity that is available on a network at any point in time Available bandwidth depends on several variables such as the rate of data transmission speed between networked devices network overhead number of users and the type of device used to connect PCs to a network It is similar to a pipeline in that capacity is determined by size the wider the pipe the more water can flow through it the more
79. e 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V 4 Check that an IP address is shown for the WAN Port If 0 0 0 0 is shown your router has not obtained an IP address from your ISP If your router is unable to obtain an IP address from the ISP you may need to force your cable or DSL modem to recognize your new router by performing the following procedure 1 Turn off power to the cable or DSL modem 2 Turn off power to your router 3 Wait five minutes and reapply power to the cable or DSL modem 4 When the modem s lights indicate that it has reacquired sync with the ISP reapply power to your router 5 Then restart your computer If your router is still unable to obtain an IP address from the ISP the problem may be one of the following e Your ISP may require a login program Ask your ISP whether they require PPP over Ethernet PPPoE or some other type of login e If your ISP requires a login you may have incorrectly set the login name and password in the router e Your ISP may check for your computer s host name Assign the computer Host Name of your ISP account as the Account Name in the Basic Settings menu e Your ISP only allows one Ethernet MAC address to connect to Internet and may check for your computer s MAC address In this case Inform your ISP that you have bought a new network device and ask them to use the router s MAC address OR Configure your router to spoof your computer s MAC addr
80. e Action LAN Server IP address WAN Users Log Inbound Services Defaut Yes Any BLOCK always Any Never Add Edit Move Delete Ping Response and Telnet Vv Respond to Ping on Internet WAN Port I Telnet to LAN Port Pass Through M Turn L2TP On M Turn PPTP On M Turn IPSec On M Turn Multicast On Attacks M Stealth Mode I Syn Flood Check Apply Cancel Figure 4 1 Firewall Rules menu e Outbound Services This lists all existing firewall rules for outbound traffic If you have not defined any firewall rules only the default firewall rule will be listed The default firewall rule allows all outgoing traffic To create a new firewall rule a Click the Add button It does not matter which radio button is selected The Outbound Service screen will be displayed This screen has its own help file b Complete the Outbound Service screen and save the data The new firewall rule will be listed in the table when you return to this screen 4 2 Content Filtering 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V To make changes to an existing firewall rule a Click the radio button at the beginning of that row in the table b Click the button for the desired actions e Edit to make any changes to the firewall rule definition The Outbound Service screen will be displayed with the data fo
81. e Class E Class E addresses are for experimental use This addressing structure allows IP addresses to uniquely identify each physical network and each node on each physical network For each unique value of the network portion of the address the base address of the range host address of all zeros is known as the network address and is not usually assigned to a host Also the top address of the range host address of all ones is not assigned but is used as the broadcast address for simultaneously sending a packet to all hosts with the same network address Netmask In each of the address classes previously described the size of the two parts network address and host address is implied by the class This partitioning scheme can also be expressed by a netmask associated with the IP address A netmask is a 32 bit quantity that when logically combined using an AND operator with an IP address yields the network address For instance the netmasks for Class A B and C addresses are 255 0 0 0 255 255 0 0 and 255 255 255 0 respectively For example the address 192 168 170 237 is a Class C IP address whose network portion is the upper 24 bits When combined using an AND operator with the Class C netmask as shown here only the network portion of the address remains 11000000 10101000 10101010 11101101 192 168 170 237 combined with 11111111 11111111 211111111 00000000 255 255 255 0 Equals 11000000 10101000 10101010 0000
82. e configuration of your firewall Write down this information before reconfiguring your computers Refer to Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers on page C 21 or Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers on page C 22 for further information What You Need To Use a Router with a Broadband Modem You need to prepare these three things before you begin Cabling and Computer Hardware To use the WGR826V Wireless Router on your network each computer must have an 802 11 or 802 11b wireless adapter or an installed Ethernet Network Interface Card NIC and an Ethernet cable If the computer will connect to your network using an Ethernet NIC at 100 Mbps you must use a Category 5 Cat 5 cable such as the one provided with your router For an explanation of Ethernet cabling see Ethernet Cabling on page B 11 The cable or DSL broadband modem must provide a standard 10 Mbps LOBASE T or 100 Mbps 1LOOBASE Tx Ethernet interface Computer Network Configuration Requirements The WGR826V includes a built in Web Configuration Manager To access the configuration menus on the WGR826V your must use a Java enabled Web browser program which supports HTTP uploads such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator Use Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator 4 0 or above Preparing Your Network C 1 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router
83. e covered by the firewall rule based on their d estimation WAN IP address Select the desired option Any All Internet IP address are covered by this firewall rule Address range If this option is selected you must enter the Start and Finish fields Single address Enter the required address in the Start fields e Log This determines whether packets covered by this firewall rule are logged Select the desired action Never never log traffic considered by this firewall rule whether it matches or not Match Log traffic only it matches this firewall rule The action is determined by this firewall rule Content Filtering 4 5 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Inbound Services You can use this screen to define a new Inbound firewall rule or edit an existing firewall rule Firewall rules can be used to block or allow specific traffic This feature is for Advanced Administrators only Incorrect configuration will cause serious problems Click on Add Inbound Services on the Firewall Rules menu to see the Inbound Services page Inbound Services Action BL0cKawys H Send to LAN Server EEE Forwarding Port Samne WAN Users stato fo fe fo inise fo Pe Log Never z Back Apply Cancel Figure 4 3 Inbound Services menu Service TELNET TCP 23 7 e Services Select the desired Service This determines whic
84. e receiving station provides the transmitting station with the required destination MAC address The IP address data and MAC address data for each station are held in an ARP table The next time data is sent the address can be obtained from the address information in the table For more information about address assignment refer to the IETF documents RFC 1597 Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466 Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space For more information about IP address translation refer to RFC 1631 The IP Network Address Translator NAT Domain Name Server Many of the resources on the Internet can be addressed by simple descriptive names such as www NETGEAR com This addressing is very helpful at the application level but the descriptive name must be translated to an IP address in order for a user to actually contact the resource Just as a telephone directory maps names to phone numbers or as an ARP table maps IP addresses to MAC addresses a domain name system DNS server maps descriptive names of network resources to IP addresses Network Routing and Firewall Basics B 9 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V When a computer accesses a resource by its descriptive name it first contacts a DNS server to obtain the IP address of the resource The computer sends the desired message using the IP address Many large organizations such as I
85. e starting locate your Windows CD you may need to insert it during the TCP IP installation process Install or Verify Windows Networking Components To install or verify the necessary components for IP networking 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel C 4 Preparing Your Network 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V 2 Double click the Network icon The Network window opens which displays a list of installed components Network 27 x Configuration Identification Access Control The following network components are installed E Client for Microsoft Networks NETGEAR FA310TX Fast Ethernet PCI Adapter Eaperties Primary Network Logon Client for Microsoft Networks z File and Print Sharing Description You must have an Ethernet adapter the TCP IP protocol and Client for Microsoft Networks Note It is not necessary to remove any other network components shown in the Network window in order to install the adapter TCP IP or Client for Microsoft Networks gt If you need to install a new adapter follow these steps a Click the Add button b Select Adapter and then click Add c Select the manufacturer and model of your Ethernet adapter and then click OK If you need TCP IP a Click the Add button b Select Protocol and t
86. ecification of standards based interoperable security enhancements that increase the level of data protection and access control for existing and future wireless LAN systems The IEEE introduced the WEP as an optional security measure to secure 802 11b Wi Fi WLANs but inherent weaknesses in the standard soon became obvious In response to this situation the Wi Fi Alliance announced a new security architecture in October 2002 that remedies the shortcomings of WEP This standard formerly known as Safe Secure Network SSN is designed to work with existing 802 11 products and offers forward compatibility with 802 11i the new wireless security architecture that has been defined by the IEEE D 8 Wireless Networking Basics 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V WPA and WPA2 offer the following benefits e Enhanced data privacy e Robust key management e Data origin authentication e Data integrity protection The Wi Fi Alliance is now performing interoperability certification testing on Wi Fi Protected Access products Starting August of 2003 all new Wi Fi certified products have to support WPA NETGEAR is implementing WPA and WPA2 on client and access point products The 802 111 standard was ratified in 2004 How Does WPA Compare to WEP WEP is a data encryption method and is not intended as a user authentication mechanism WPA user authentication is implemented usi
87. egins with a unique bit pattern which is used by the TCP IP software to identify the address class After the address class has been determined the software can correctly identify the host section of the address The follow figure shows the three main address classes including network and host sections of the address for each address type Class A Network Node Class B Network Node Class C Network Node Figure B 1 Three Main Address Classes The five address classes are e Class A Class A addresses can have up to 16 777 214 hosts on a single network They use an eight bit network number and a 24 bit node number Class A addresses are in this range Iaxe TO 126 xe x e Class B Class B addresses can have up to 65 354 hosts on a network A Class B address uses a 16 bit network number and a 16 bit node number Class B addresses are in this range U28 1d x3x EO LITS 5AN A e Class C Class C addresses can have 254 hosts on a network Class C addresses use 24 bits for the network address and eight bits for the node They are in this range 192 0 1 x to 223 255 254 x Network Routing and Firewall Basics B 3 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V e Class D Class D addresses are used for multicasts messages sent to many hosts Class D addresses are in this range 224 0 0 0 to 239 255 255 255
88. eless Access Point e Near the center of the area in which your computers will operate e In an elevated location such as a high shelf where the wirelessly connected computers have line of sight access even if through walls e Away from sources of interference such as computers microwaves and 2 4 GHz cordless phones e Away from large metal surfaces e Put the antenna in a vertical position for best side to side coverage Put the antenna in a horizontal position for best up and down coverage The time it takes to establish a wireless connection can vary depending on both your security settings and placement WEP or WPA connections can take slightly longer to establish Optimizing Wireless Connectivity and Security 5 1 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Implement Appropriate Wireless Security Note Indoors computers can connect over 802 11b g wireless networks at ranges of up to 300 feet Such distances can allow for others outside of your immediate area to access your network gt Unlike wired network data your wireless data transmissions can be received well beyond your walls by anyone with a compatible adapter For this reason use the security features of your wireless equipment The WGR826V Wireless Router provides highly effective security features which are covered in detail in this chapter Deploy the security features appropriate t
89. eless adapter configuration utilities support WPA Furthermore client software is required on the client Windows XP and Windows 2000 with Service Pack 3 do include the client software that supports WPA Nevertheless the wireless adapter hardware and driver must also support WPA e Allow Broadcast of Name SSID If you disable broadcast of the SSID only devices that have the correct SSID can connect Disabling SSID broadcast nullifies the wireless network discovery feature of some products such as Windows XP e Enable Wireless Access Point If you disable the wireless access point wireless devices cannot connect to the WGR826V 5 4 Optimizing Wireless Connectivity and Security 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Default Factory Settings When you first receive your WGR826V the default factory settings are shown below You can restore these defaults with the Factory Default Restore button on the rear panel After you install the WGR826V Wireless Router use the procedures below to customize any of the settings to better meet your networking needs WIRELESS FEATURE DEFAULT SETTING Wireless Access Point Enabled SSID broadcast Enabled Network Name SSID NETGEAR WPA and WEP Security Disabled Warning The Network Name SSID and passphrase are case sensitive Typing nETgear for the SSID will not work Optimizing
90. eless router Internet port and the modem and the modem is powered on Wireless The wireless lights should be lit If not see Troubleshooting Tips on page 3 10 Phone The Phone light will not be lit until your phone service provider provisions the phone service Check the user guide from your phone service provider for details on provisioning the phone service LAN A LAN light should be lit Green indicates your computer is communicating at 100 Mbps yellow indicates 10 Mbps If a LAN light is not lit check that the Ethernet cable from the computer to the router is securely attached at both ends and that the computer is turned on 3 4 Connecting the Router to the Internet 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V 3 OPEN A BROWSER AND LOG INTO THE ROUTER For DSL customers if your Internet service provider had you install software logs you in to the Internet do not run that software If such software automatically starts when you open a browser you may need to go to the Internet Explorer Tools menu Internet Options Connections tab page where you can select Never dial a connection 1 From the Ethernet connected computer you just set up open a browser such as Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator Note If your browser connects you to the Internet you can skip this section and proceed to the Now Set Up a Computer for Wireless Connectiv
91. en written It is expected to use both the 2 4 and 5GHz frequencies AES Advanced Encryption Standard A symmetric 128 bit block data encryption technique developed by Belgian cryptographers Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen The U S government adopted the algorithm as its encryption technique in October 2000 replacing the DES encryption it used AES works at multiple network layers simultaneously The National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST of the U S Department of Commerce selected the algorithm called Rijndael pronounced Rhine Dahl or Rain Doll out of a group of five algorithms under consideration including one called MARS from a large research team at IBM AES is expected to replace WEP as a WLAN encryption method in 2003 2 Glossary 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Access Point AP A wireless LAN transceiver or base station that can connect a wired LAN to one or many wireless devices Access points can also bridge to each other There are various types of access points also referred to as base stations used in both wireless and wired networks These include bridges hubs switches routers and gateways The differences between them are not always precise because certain capabilities associated with one can also be added to another For example a router can do bridging and a hub may also be a switch But they are all involved in making sur
92. ence Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V WPA WPA2 Authentication Enterprise level User Authentication via 802 1x EAP and RADIUS Wired Network with Optional Wireless LAN 802 1x Port Based Network Access Control TCP IP Ports Closed WPA WPA2 WPA WPA2 Until n enabled enabled Authenticated RADIUS Server Certificate i Access Point ene SHOU wireless lt q ___p Login for client with using Auth 7 ti example uthentication supplicant pre shared key 3 ae F Win Server r n Ppa or 802 1x 0 ar VeriSign Authenticated Figure D 3 WPA WPA2 Overview IEFE 802 1x offers an effective framework for authenticating and controlling user traffic to a protected network as well as providing a vehicle for dynamically varying data encryption keys via EAP from a RADIUS server for example This framework enables using a central authentication server which employs mutual authentication so that a rogue wireless user does not join the network It is important to note that 802 1x does not provide the actual authentication mechanisms When using 802 1x the EAP type such as Transport Layer Security EAP TLS or EAP Tunneled Transport Layer Security EAP TTLS defines how the authentication takes place Note For environments with a Remote Authentication Dial In User Service RADIUS infrastructure WPA supports Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP For environments
93. eping track of the packets that a message is divided into for efficient routing through the Internet For example when a web page is downloaded from a web server the TCP program layer in that server divides the file into packets numbers the packets and then forwards them individually to the IP program layer Although each packet has the same destination IP address it may get routed differently through the network At the other end TCP reassembles the individual packets and waits until they have all arrived to forward them as a single file Glossary 11 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V TCP IP The underlying technology behind the Internet and communications between computers in a network The first part TCP is the transport part which matches the size of the messages on either end and guarantees that the correct message has been received The IP part is the user s computer address on a network Every computer in a TCP IP network has its own IP address that is either dynamically assigned at startup or permanently assigned All TCP IP messages contain the address of the destination network as well as the address of the destination station This enables TCP IP messages to be transmitted to multiple networks subnets within an organization or worldwide TKIP A security feature that is a WEP enhancement Temporal Key Integrity Protocol and Message Integrity Check MIC
94. er to be sent to the server in call set up e Click Phone Status to check the status of phone ports and their registration status Port Status Phone 1 Phone Status Registration Status voice Mail Phone 2 Phone Status Registration Status Voice Mail Refresh Close Window Internet Figure 6 7 Phone Status page 6 12 Doing Basic Router Housekeeping 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V e Click Digit Map to look at the digit map configured Digit Map Digit Map Back Refresh Figure 6 8 Digit Map page Doing Basic Router Housekeeping 6 13 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V 6 14 Doing Basic Router Housekeeping 202 10051 01 March 2005 Chapter 7 Setting Up Advanced Router Configurations This chapter describes how to configure some of the advanced setup features of your WGR826V 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter These features can be found by clicking on the Advanced heading in the Main Menu of the browser interface Features not presented in this chapter are presented in the User Guide and help screens available by following the links in the browser interface of the wireless router Using the LAN IP Setup Options LAN IP Setup is under the Advanced heading of the browser interface This menu al
95. ess This can be done in the Basic Settings menu If your router can obtain an IP address but your computer is unable to load any Web pages from the Internet e Your computer may not recognize any DNS server addresses 8 4 Troubleshooting Common Problems 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V A DNS server is a host on the Internet that translates Internet names such as www addresses to numeric IP addresses Typically your ISP will provide the addresses of one or two DNS servers for your use If you entered a DNS address during the router s configuration reboot your computer and verify the DNS address as described in Install or Verify Windows Networking Components on page C 9 Alternatively you may configure your computer manually with DNS addresses as explained in your operating system documentation Your computer may not have the router configured as its TCP IP gateway If your computer obtains its information from the router by DHCP reboot the computer and verify the gateway address as described in Install or Verify Windows Networking Components on page C 9 Troubleshooting a TCP IP Network Using a Ping Utility Most TCP IP terminal devices and routers contain a ping utility that sends an echo request packet to the designated device The device then responds with an echo reply Troubleshooting a TCP IP network is made very easy by using the pin
96. essage This begins a series of message exchanges to authenticate the client 2 The access point replies with an EAP request identity message Wireless Networking Basics D 13 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V 3 The client sends an EAP response packet containing the identity to the authentication server The access point responds by enabling a port for passing only EAP packets from the client to an authentication server located on the wired side of the access point The access point blocks all other traffic such as HTTP DHCP and POP3 packets until the access point can verify the client s identity using an authentication server for example RADIUS 4 The authentication server uses a specific authentication algorithm to verify the client s identity This could be through the use of digital certificates or some other EAP authentication type 5 The authentication server will either send an accept or reject message to the access point 6 The access point sends an EAP success packet or reject packet to the client 7 Ifthe authentication server accepts the client then the access point will transition the client s port to an authorized state and forward additional traffic The important part to know at this point is that the software supporting the specific EAP type resides on the authentication server and within the operating system or application supplican
97. event intruders from probing your system However using port forwarding you can allow one computer for example a Web server on your local network to be accessible to outside users B 8 Network Routing and Firewall Basics 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol An IP address alone cannot be used to deliver data from one LAN device to another To send data between LAN devices you must convert the IP address of the destination device to its media access control MAC address Each device on an Ethernet network has a unique MAC address which is a 48 bit number assigned to each device by the manufacturer The technique that associates the IP address with a MAC address is known as address resolution Internet Protocol uses the Address Resolution Protocol ARP to resolve MAC addresses If a device sends data to another station on the network and the destination MAC address is not yet recorded ARP is used An ARP request is broadcast onto the network All stations on the network receive and read the request The destination IP address for the chosen station is included as part of the message so that only the station with this IP address responds to the ARP request All other stations discard the request Related Documents The station with the correct IP address responds with its own MAC address directly to the sending device Th
98. face Content Filtering Overview The WGR826V 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter provides you with Web content filtering options plus browsing activity reporting and instant alerts via e mail Parents and network administrators can establish restricted access policies based on time of day Web addresses and Web address keywords You can also block Internet access by applications and services such as chat or games To configure these features of your router click on the subheadings under the Content Filtering heading in the Main Menu of the browser interface The subheadings are described below Firewall Rules The Firewall will always block DoS Denial of Service attacks A DoS attack does not attempt to steal data or damage your PCs but overloads your Internet connection so you can not use it the service is unavailable As well you can use this screen to create Firewall rules to block or allow specific traffic Note This feature is for Advanced Administrators only Incorrect configuration will cause serious problems Content Filtering 4 1 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Click on Firewall Rules on the Main menu bar to see the Firewall Rules page Firewall Rules Outbound Services Enable Service Name Action LAN Users WAN Servers Log Default Yes Any ALLOW always Any Any Never Edit Move Delete Enable Service Nam
99. g basic information for your account C 20 Preparing Your Network 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V e An IP address and subnet mask e A gateway IP address which is the address of the ISP s router e One or more domain name server DNS IP addresses e Host name and domain suffix For example your account s full server names may look like this mail xxx yyy com In this example the domain suffix is xxx yyy com If any of these items are dynamically supplied by the ISP your firewall automatically acquires them If an ISP technician configured your PC during the installation of the broadband modem or if you configured it using instructions provided by your ISP you need to copy the configuration information from your PC s Network TCP IP Properties window or Macintosh TCP IP Control Panel before reconfiguring your PC for use with the firewall These procedures are described next Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers As mentioned above you may need to collect configuration information from your PC so that you can use this information when you configure the WGR826V Wireless Router Following this procedure is only necessary when your ISP does not dynamically supply the account information To get the information you need to configure the firewall for Internet access 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings
100. g the access point This prevents an attacker from gleaning information about the encryption key and alerts administrators but it also causes users to lose network connectivity for 60 seconds More than anything else this may just prove that no single security tactic is completely invulnerable WPA WPA2 is a definite step forward in WLAN security over WEP and has to be thought of as a single part of an end to end network security strategy Product Support for WPA WPA2 Starting in August 2003 NETGEAR Inc wireless Wi Fi certified products will support the WPA standard NETGEAR Inc wireless products that had their Wi Fi certification approved before August 2003 will have one year to add WPA so as to maintain their Wi Fi certification WPA WPA2 requires software changes to the following e Wireless access points e Wireless network adapters e Wireless client programs Supporting a Mixture of WPA WPA2 and WEP Wireless Clients is Discouraged To support the gradual transition of WEP based wireless networks to WPA WPA2 a wireless AP can support both WEP and WPA WPA2 clients at the same time During the association the wireless AP determines which clients use WEP and which clients use WPA WPA2 The disadvantage to supporting a mixture of WEP and WPA WPA2 clients is that the global encryption key is not dynamic This is because WEP based clients cannot support it All other benefits to the WPA clients such as integrity are maintained
101. g utility in your computer or workstation Testing the LAN Path to Your Router You can ping the router from your computer to verify that the LAN path to your router is set up correctly To ping the router from a running Windows 95 or later 1 2 From the Windows toolbar click on the Start button and select Run In the field provided type Ping followed by the IP address of the router as in this example ping 192 168 15 1 Click on OK You should see a message like this one Pinging lt IP address gt with 32 bytes of data If the path is working you see this message Reply from lt IP address gt bytes 32 time NN ms TTL xxx If the path is not working you see this message Request timed out Troubleshooting Common Problems 8 5 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V If the path is not functioning correctly you could have one of the following problems e Wrong physical connections Make sure the LAN port LED is on If the LED is off follow the instructions in LAN or Internet WAN Port Lights Not On on page 8 2 Check that the corresponding Link LEDs are on for your network interface card and for the hub ports if any that are connected to your workstation and router e Wrong network configuration Verify that the Ethernet card driver software and TCP IP software are both installed and configured on your computer or workstatio
102. h packets are covered by this firewall rule If necessary you can define a new Service on the Services screen by defining the protocols and port numbers used by the Service If you want to create a new custom service with incoming protocol and port or range of ports here itself then select Create custom service Select TCP or UDP or TCP UDP and then enter incoming port or Range of Ports Start port should be between 1 to 65535 and Finish port should be entered only if you want to allow range of ports Ensure that Finish port is always greater than or equal to start port e Action Select the desired action for packets covered by this firewall rule ALLOW always ALLOW by schedule otherwise Block BLOCK always 4 6 202 10051 01 March 2005 Content Filtering Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Note Any inbound traffic which is not allowed by firewall rules you create will be blocked by the Default rule BLOCK rules are only useful if the traffic is already covered by an ALLOW rule That is you wish to block a sub set of traffic which is currently allowed by another rule To define the Schedule used in these selections use the Schedule screen e LAN Server Enter the IP address of the PC or Server on your LAN which will receive the inbound traffic covered by this rule This field is disabled if action selected is Block Always e Forwarding Port Ifyo
103. he Key Features of WPA and WPA2 Security ceeeeeseeeesteeeeeees D 10 WPA WPA2 Authentication Enterprise level User Authentication via 802 1x EAP and RADIUS ccceeecceeseeeeeeeneeeetteeeeeeeees D 12 WPA WPA2 Data Encryption Key Management ceceesseeeeeeenteeeeeeeenaees D 14 lS PUTA PR Peno sec scicccacetaicccmnnieideaacneemtcnsane ie aE NE aE D 16 Produet Support for WPANNPAZ cisisctasazscetssenprneesl narateshtiannuaiell mecion aarraenaaiies D 16 Supporting a Mixture of WPA WPA2 and WEP Wireless Clients is DisCOUraged cecccceeesceeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeaeeeeeaaeeeeeeeeeeaaaeeneaees D 16 Changes to Wireless Access POINTS 0 ccsseeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesaeeeseeeeetsaeeseeenees D 17 Changes to Wireless Network Adapters c cccceeeeeeeneeeeeteeeeeeeeesecaeeseeneees D 17 Changes to Wireless Client Programs ccccccecseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeneeees D 18 Glossary Contents 202 10051 01 March 2005 This page intentionally left blank 202 10051 01 March 2005 Contents Chapter 1 About This Manual This chapter describes the intended audience scope conventions and formats of this manual Audience Scope Conventions and Formats This reference manual assumes that the reader has basic to intermediate computer and Internet skills However basic computer network Internet firewall and VPN technologies tutorial information is provided in the Appendices and o
104. he need for add on solutions such as VPNs may be eliminated at least for the express purpose of securing the wireless link in a network Wi Fi Protected Access for Home SOHO In a home or Small Office Home Office SOHO environment where there are no central authentication servers or EAP framework Wi Fi Protected Access runs in a special home mode This mode also called Pre Shared Key PSK allows the use of manually entered keys or passwords and is designed to be easy to set up for the home user All the home user needs to do is enter a password also called a master key in their access point or home wireless gateway and each PC that is on the Wi Fi wireless network Wi Fi Protected Access takes over automatically from that point First the password allows only devices with a matching password to join the network which keeps out eavesdroppers and other unauthorized users Second the password automatically kicks off the TKIP encryption process described above Wi Fi Protected Access for Public Access The intrinsic encryption and authentication schemes defined in Wi Fi Protected Access may also prove useful for Wireless Internet Service Providers WISPs offering Wi Fi public access in hot spots where 14 Glossary 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V secure transmission and authentication is particularly important to users unknown to each other The authentication c
105. hen click Add Preparing Your Network C 5 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V c d Select Microsoft Select TCP IP and then click OK If you need Client for Microsoft Networks a b c d Click the Add button Select Client and then click Add Select Microsoft Select Client for Microsoft Networks and then click OK 3 Restart your PC for the changes to take effect Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP IP Settings in Windows 95B 98 and Me After the TCP IP protocol components are installed each PC must be assigned specific information about itself and resources that are available on its network The simplest way to configure this information is to allow the PC to obtain the information from a DHCP server in the network You will find there are many similarities in the procedures for different Windows systems when using DHCP to configure TCP IP The following steps will walk you through the configuration process for each of these versions of Windows C 6 Preparing Your Network 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Locate your Network Neighborhood icon e If the Network Neighborhood icon is on the Windows desktop position your mouse pointer over it and right click your mouse button e If the icon is not on the desktop e Click Start on the tas
106. hernet cable or an Ethernet crossover cable Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface If you are unable to access the router s Web Configuration interface from a computer on your local network check the following e Check the Ethernet connection between the computer and the router as described in the previous section 8 2 Troubleshooting Common Problems 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V e Make sure your computer s IP address is on the same subnet as the router If you are using the default addressing schemes your computer s address should be in the range of 192 168 15 2 to 192 168 15 253 Refer to Verifying TCP IP Properties on page C 8 or Verifying TCP IP Properties for Macintosh Computers on page C 19 to find your computer s IP address Follow the instructions in Appendix C to configure your computer Note If your computer s IP address is shown as 169 254 x x the computer is not configured correctly for your network Recent versions of Windows and MacOS will generate and assign a 169 254 x x IP address if the computer cannot reach a DHCP server These auto generated addresses are in the range of 169 254 x x If your IP address is in this range check the connection from the computer to the router and reboot your computer e Make sure your browser has Java JavaScript or ActiveX enabled If you are using Internet Explorer click
107. ill provide a range of a hundred feet or more Depending on the environment and the type of antenna used Wi Fi signals can have a range of up to mile Residential gateway A wireless device that connects multiple PCs peripherals and the Internet on a home network Most Wi Fi residential gateways provide DHCP and NAT as well RJ 45 Standard connectors used in Ethernet networks Even though they look very similar to standard RJ 11 telephone connectors RJ 45 connectors can have up to eight wires whereas telephone connectors have only four Roaming Moving seamlessly from one AP coverage area to another with your laptop or desktop with no loss in connectivity Rogue Access Point Rogue AP is a term used to describe an unauthorized access point that is connected on the main home or corporate network or operating in a stand alone mode in a parking lot or in a neighbor s building Rogue APs by definition are not under the management of network administrators and do not conform to network security policies and may present a severe security risk Ideally it is best to have some type of WLAN system that does not allow rogue access points to easily be added to an existing WLAN Router A device that forwards data packets from one local area network LAN or wide area network WAN to another Based on routing tables and routing protocols routers can read the network address in each transmitted frame and make a decision on how to send it via
108. in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna e Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver e Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected e Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help EN 55 022 Declaration of Conformance This is to certify that the WGR826V 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter is shielded against the generation of radio interference in accordance with the application of Council Directive 89 336 EEC Article 4a Conformity is declared by the application of EN 55 022 Class B CISPR 22 Best tigung des Herstellers Importeurs Es wird hiermit best tigt da das WGR826V 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter gem der im BMPT AmtsblVfg 243 1991 und Vfg 46 1992 aufgef hrten Bestimmungen entstort ist Das vorschriftsmafige Betreiben einiger Ger te z B Testsender kann jedoch gewissen Beschr nkungen unterliegen Lesen Sie dazu bitte die Anmerkungen in der Betriebsanleitung Das Bundesamt fiir Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation wurde davon unterrichtet da dieses Ger t auf den Markt gebracht wurde und es ist berechtigt die Serie auf die Erf
109. ion Using NAT In the past if multiple computers on a LAN needed to access the Internet simultaneously you had to obtain a range of IP addresses from the ISP This type of Internet account is more costly than a single address account typically used by a single user with a modem rather than a router The WGR826V Wireless Router employs an address sharing method called Network Address Translation NAT This method allows several networked computers to share an Internet account using only a single IP address which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your ISP The router accomplishes this address sharing by translating the internal LAN IP addresses to a single address that is globally unique on the Internet The internal LAN IP addresses can be either private addresses or registered addresses For more information about IP address translation refer to RFC 1631 The IP Network Address Translator NAT The following figure illustrates a single IP address operation Private IP addresses assigned by user IP addresses assigned by ISP 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 3 E 192 168 0 1 172 21 15 105 ah aud A A a J Figure B 3 Single IP Address Operation Using NAT This scheme offers the additional benefit of firewall like protection because the internal LAN addresses are not available to the Internet through the translated connection All incoming inquiries are filtered out by the router This filtering can pr
110. ion states Using Stateful Packet Inspection an incoming packet is intercepted at the network layer and then analyzed for state related information associated with all network connections A central cache within the firewall keeps track of the state information associated with all network connections All traffic passing through the firewall is analyzed against the state of these connections in order to determine whether or not it will be allowed to pass through or rejected Denial of Service Attack A hacker may be able to prevent your network from operating or communicating by launching a Denial of Service DoS attack The method used for such an attack can be as simple as merely flooding your site with more requests than it can handle A more sophisticated attack may attempt to exploit some weakness in the operating system used by your router or gateway Some operating systems can be disrupted by simply sending a packet with incorrect length information Ethernet Cabling Although Ethernet networks originally used thick or thin coaxial cable most installations currently use unshielded twisted pair UTP cabling The UTP cable contains eight conductors arranged in four twisted pairs and terminated with an RJ45 type connector A normal straight through UTP Ethernet cable follows the E A568B standard wiring as described below in Table B 1 Network Routing and Firewall Basics B 11 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mb
111. irectly with each other clients set in Infrastructure Mode all pass data through a central AP The AP not only mediates wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood but also provides communication with the wired network See Ad Hoc and AP IP Internet Protocol address A 32 bit number that identifies each sender or receiver of information that is sent across the Internet An IP address has two parts an identifier of a particular network on the Internet and an identifier of the particular device which can be a server or a workstation within that network ISO Network Model A network model developed by the International Standards Organization ISO that consists of seven different levels or layers By standardizing these layers and the interfaces in between different portions of a given protocol can be modified or changed as technologies advance or systems requirements are altered The seven layers are e Physical e Data Link e Network e Transport e Session e Presentation e Application The IEEE 802 11 Standard encompasses the physical layer PHY and the lower portion of the data link layer The lower portion of the data link layer is often referred to as the Medium Access Controller MAC sublayer Glossary 7 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V MAC Media Access Control Every wireless 802 11 device has its own specific MAC address hard c
112. is Some cable modem ISPs require you to use the MAC address of the computer registered on the account If so in the Router MAC Address section of the Basic Settings menu select Use this Computer s MAC Address The router will then capture and use the MAC address of the computer that you are now using You must be using the computer that is registered with the ISP Click Apply to save your settings Restart the network in the correct sequence Check the router status lights to verify correct router operation If the Power light does not turn solid green within 2 minutes after turning the router on reset the router according to the instructions in Restoring the Default Configuration and Password on page 8 7 If the Wireless light does not come on verify that the wireless feature is turned on according to the instructions in Understanding Wireless Settings on page 5 3 Connecting the Router to the Internet 3 11 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V 3 12 This page intentionally left blank Connecting the Router to the Internet 202 10051 01 March 2005 Chapter 4 Content Filtering This chapter describes how to use the content filtering features of the WGR826V 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter to protect your network These features can be found by clicking on the Content Filtering heading in the Main Menu of the browser inter
113. is information when you configure the WGR826V Wireless Router Following this procedure is only necessary when your ISP does not dynamically supply the account information To get the information you need to configure the firewall for Internet access 1 From the Apple menu select Control Panels then TCP IP The TCP IP Control Panel opens which displays a list of configuration settings If the Configure setting is Using DHCP Server your account uses a dynamically assigned IP address In this case close the Control Panel and skip the rest of this section 2 Ifan IP address and subnet mask are shown write down the information 3 Ifan IP address appears under Router address write down the address This is the ISP s gateway address 4 Ifany Name Server addresses are shown write down the addresses These are your ISP s DNS addresses 5 If any information appears in the Search domains information box write it down 6 Change the Configure setting to Using DHCP Server 7 Close the TCP IP Control Panel C 22 Preparing Your Network 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Restarting the Network Once you ve set up your computers to work with the firewall you must reset the network for the devices to be able to communicate correctly Restart any computer that is connected to the firewall After configuring all of your compute
114. isms for wireless gear that gives support to bandwidth sensitive applications such as voice and video 802 11g Standard Similar to 802 11b this physical layer standard provides a throughput of up to 54 Mbps It also operates in the 2 4 GHz frequency band but uses a different radio technology in order to boost overall bandwidth 802 111 This is the name of the IEEE Task Group dedicated to standardizing WLAN security The 802 111 Security has a frame work based on RSN Robust Security Mechanism RSN consists of two parts 1 The Data Privacy Mechanism and 2 Security Association Management The Data Privacy Mechanism supports two proposed schemes TKIP and AES TKIP Temporal Key Integrity is a short term solution that defines software patches to WEP to provide a minimally adequate level of data privacy AES or AES OCB Advanced Encryption Standard and Offset Codebook is a robust data privacy scheme and is a longer term solution Security Association Management is addressed by a RSN Negotiation Procedures b IEEE 802 1x Authentication and c IEEE 802 1x Key management The standards are being defined to naturally co exist with pre RSN networks that are currently deployed 802 11n Standard A recently formed Oct 2003 IEEE official task group referred to as 802 11n or TGn for the 100 Mbps wireless physical layer standard protocol Current published ratification date is December 2005 As of February 2004 no draft specification has be
115. ith Phone Adapter WGR826V Glossary Use the list below to find definitions for technical terms used in this manual 802 11 Standard 802 11 or IEEE 802 11 is a type of radio technology used for wireless local area networks WLANs It is a standard that has been developed by the IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers http standards ieee org The IEEE is an international organization that develops standards for hundreds of electronic and electrical technologies The organization uses a series of numbers like the Dewey Decimal system in libraries to differentiate between the various technology families The 802 subgroup of the IEEE develops standards for local and wide area networks with the 802 11 section reviewing and creating standards for wireless local area networks Wi Fi 802 11 is composed of several standards operating in different radio frequencies 802 11b is a standard for wireless LANs operating in the 2 4 GHz spectrum with a bandwidth of 11 Mbps 802 11a is a different standard for wireless LANs and pertains to systems operating in the 5 GHz frequency range with a bandwidth of 54 Mbps Another standard 802 11g is for WLANS operating in the 2 4 GHz frequency but with a bandwidth of 54 Mbps 802 11a Standard An IEEE specification for wireless networking that operates in the 5 GHz frequency range 5 15 GHz to 5 85 GHz with a maximum 54 Mbps data transfer rate The 5 GHz frequency band is not as crowde
116. ity section below Connect to the wireless router by typing http 192 168 15 1 in the address field of your browser then click Enter http 192 168 15 1 ha For security reasons the router has its own user name and password When prompted enter admin for the router user name and password for the router password both in lower case letters Note The router user name and password are not the same as any user name or password you may use to log in to your Internet connection A login window like the one shown below opens LOGIN Microsoft Internet Explorer Fie Edit View Favorites Tools Help Back gt 9 Q A Qsearch Favorites media lt 4 B 34g Address http 192 168 15 1 v 60 Links Cat NG fe A NETGEAR Device Manager User Name admin Password p Reset Figure 3 5 Login window Connecting the Router to the Internet 3 5 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Note If you cannot connect to the wireless router verify your cables are connected correctly that the router is powered on and that the networking setup of your computer is set to obtain its settings automatically via DHCP It should be set to obtain both IP and DNS server addresses automatically which is usually so For help with this please see the tutorials on the CD After logging in to the router you will see the settings main page
117. just for optimum voice quality settings Click on enable the checkbox of Telnet will allow you to telnet into the router and see the system settings from LAN Be very cautious to enable this functionality Content Filtering 4 3 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Pass Through This feature enables you to allow certain traffic such as L2TP PPTP and IPSec Protocols When you enable a type of traffic the Router allows that traffic to Internet e Attacks Enabling the Stealth Mode will allow the Router to work in stealth mode It will not acknowledge its existence on the network If it is disabled unchecked Router will work in normal mode In stealth mode the router silently discards the incoming packets that do not have access policies Check on enable the SYN Flood Check will enable the Router to perform SYN Flood attack check on the traffic Unchecking the checkbox will disable the Router to conduct the SYN Flood check Outbound Services You can use this screen to define a new Outbound Firewall rule or edit an existing rule Outbound Firewall rules are used to block or allow access by computers on your network to services or applications on the Internet Click on Add Outbound Services on the Firewall Rules menu to see the Outbound Services page Figure 4 2 Outbound Services menu Outbound Services Service TELNET TCP 23 z A
118. k bar located at the bottom left of the window Choose Settings and then Control Panel e Locate the Network Neighborhood icon and click on it This will open the Network panel as shown below Network 21x Configuration Identification Access Control The following network components are installed E Client for Microsoft Networks Verify the foll owing settin gs as shown 3Com Fast EtherLink XL 10 100Mb TX Ethernet Adapter TCP IP e Client for Microsoft Network exists e Ethernet adapter is present e TCP IP is present Add Bemoye Eopenes e Primary Network Logon is set to Primary Network Logor Windows logon Client for Microsoft Networks 7 Client for Microsoft Networks Click on the Properties button The paneon cogon following TCP IP Properties window will Description display The primary network logon is the client that is used to validate your user name and password process any login scripts and perform other startup tasks Corca Preparing Your Network C 7 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V e By default the IP Address tab is open on this window e Verify the following Obtain an IP address automatically is selected If not selected click in the radio button to the left of it to select it This setting is required to enable the DHCP server to automatically assign an IP address e
119. l the other wireless computers without having to go through an access point or hub However since there is no central base station to monitor traffic or provide Internet access the various signals can collide with each other reducing overall performance PHY The lowest layer within the OSI Network Model It deals primarily with transmission of the raw bit stream over the PHYsical transport medium In the case of wireless LANs the transport medium is free space The PHY defines parameters such as data rates modulation method signaling parameters transmitter receiver synchronization etc Within an actual radio implementation the PHY corresponds to the radio front end and baseband signal processing sections Plug and Play A computer system feature that provides for automatic configuration of add ons and peripheral devices such as wireless PC Cards printers scanners and multimedia devices Proxy server Used in larger companies and organizations to improve network operations and security a proxy server is able to prevent direct communication between two or more networks The proxy server forwards allowable data requests to remote servers and or responds to data requests directly from stored remote server data Glossary 9 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Range The distance away from your access point that your wireless network can reach Most Wi Fi systems w
120. lank log and alert messages will not be sent via e mail You can specify that logs are automatically sent to the specified e mail address with these options e Send alert immediately Check this box if you would like immediate notification of attempted access to a blocked site e Send logs according to this schedule Specifies how often to send the logs Hourly Daily Weekly or When Full 4 14 Content Filtering 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Day for sending log Specifies which day of the week to send the log Relevant when the log is sent weekly or daily Time for sending log Specifies the time of day to send the log Relevant when the log is sent daily or weekly If the Weekly Daily or Hourly option is selected and the log fills up before the specified period the log is automatically e mailed to the specified e mail address After the log is sent the log is cleared from the router s memory If the router cannot e mail the log file the log buffer may fill up In this case the router overwrites the log and discards its contents The WGR826V Wireless Router uses the Network Time Protocol NTP to obtain the current time and date from one of several Network Time Servers on the Internet In order to localize the time for your log entries you must specify your Time Zone e Time Zone Select your local time zone This setting will be used for the bl
121. less Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Using Diagnostics Click on Diagnostics on the Main menu bar to see the Diagnostics page Diagnostics Ping or Trace an IP address IP Address l 3 F i Ping Trace Route Perform a DNS Lookup Internet Name Lookup IP address Display the Routing Table Display Reboot the Router Reboot Figure 6 5 Diagnostics page You can use this page to perform various diagnostics For normal operation these are not required e Ping or Trace an IP address Ping Use this to send a ping packet request to the specified IP address This is often used to test a connection If the request times out no reply is received this usually means the destination is unreachable However some network devices can be configured not to respond to a ping The ping results will be displayed in a new screen click Back to return to the Diagnostics screen Trace Often called Trace Route this will list all Routers between the source this device and the destination IP address The Trace Route results will be displayed in a new screen click Back to return to the Diagnostics screen Doing Basic Router Housekeeping 6 7 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V e Perform a DNS Lookup A DNS Domain Name Server converts the Internet name e g www netgear com to an IP address If you need the IP address of a Web FTP M
122. lete Configuring Static Routes Static Routes provide additional routing information to your router Under normal circumstances the router has adequate routing information after it has been configured for Internet access and you do not need to configure additional static routes You must configure static routes only for unusual cases such as multiple routers or multiple IP subnets located on your network From the Main Menu of the browser interface under Advanced click on Static Routes to view the Static Route menu shown below 7 4 Setting Up Advanced Router Configurations 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Static Routes Name Destination Gateway Metric Ce 1 Route 1 192 168 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 Add Edit Delete Figure 7 2 Static Route Summary Table To add or edit a Static Route 1 Click the Add button to open the Add Edit Menu shown below Route Name fisan M Private Destination IP Address j34 17700 IP Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway IP Address fisz 168 0 100 Metric fb Apply Cancel Figure 7 3 Static Route Entry and Edit Menu 2 Type a route name for this static route in the Route Name box under the table This is for identification purposes only 3 Select Private if you want to limit access to the LAN only The static route will not be reported in RIP 4 Select Active to make this route effective 5
123. llung der Vorschriften hin zu berpr fen Certificate of the Manufacturer Importer It is hereby certified that the WGR826V 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter has been suppressed in accordance with the conditions set out in the BMPT AmtsblVfg 243 1991 and Vfg 46 1992 The operation of some equipment for example test transmitters in accordance with the regulations may however be subject to certain restrictions Please refer to the notes in the operating instructions Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations 202 10051 01 March 2005 Voluntary Control Council for Interference VCCI Statement This equipment is in the second category information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area thereto and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Data Processing Equipment and Electronic Office Machines aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential areas When used near a radio or TV receiver it may become the cause of radio interference Read instructions for correct handling Customer Support Refer to the Support Information Card that shipped with your WGR826V 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter World Wide Web NETGEAR maintains a World Wide Web home page that you can access at the universal
124. local IP broadcast packets When a device broadcasts to its segment neighbors it uses a destination address of the local network address with all ones for the host address In order for this scheme to work all devices on the segment must agree on which bits comprise the host address e So that a local router or bridge recognizes which addresses are local and which are remote Private IP Addresses If your local network is isolated from the Internet for example when using NAT you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems However the ANA has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks 1070 700 10 255 255 295 VIZ 162000 T7231 6 2556259 192 L84040 T9216 2391255 Choose your private network number from this range The DHCP server of the WGR826V Wireless Router is preconfigured to automatically assign private addresses Regardless of your particular situation do not create an arbitrary IP address always follow the guidelines explained here For more information about address assignment refer to RFC 1597 Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466 Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space The Internet Engineering Task Force IETF publishes RFCs on its Web site at www ietf org Network Routing and Firewall Basics B 7 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Single IP Address Operat
125. lows configuration of LAN IP services such as DHCP and RIP From the Main Menu of the browser interface under Advanced click on LAN IP Setup to view the LAN IP Setup menu shown below LAN IP Setup LAN TCPAP Setup IP Address 192 168 15 j1 IP Subnet Mask 255 j255 j255 j0 RIP Direction None RIP Version RIP 1 M Use Router as DHCP Server Starting IP Address 192 168 15 2 Ending IP Address 192 168 15 254 Address Reservation IP Address DeviceName MACAddress Add Edit Delete Cancel Figure 7 1 LAN IP Setup Menu Setting Up Advanced Router Configurations 7 1 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Configuring LAN TCP IP Setup Parameters The router is shipped preconfigured to use private IP addresses on the LAN side and to act as a DHCP server The router s default LAN IP configuration is e LAN IP addresses 192 168 15 1 e Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 These addresses are part of the IETF designated private address range for use in private networks and should be suitable in most applications If your network has a requirement to use a different IP addressing scheme you can make those changes in this menu The LAN IP parameters are e IP Address This is the LAN IP address of the router e JP Subnet Mask This is the LAN Subnet Mask of the router Combined with the IP address the IP Subnet Mask allows
126. ltering OVEnieW 6 0 crtesisucisirieniadi ulema near oe 4 1 Ee PA PIN ts E A ison ensed aanauagay T E E E E A AN O A A 4 1 DONT O O a aa ey 4 4 bound SONCE annae reer Terre tera nT Tree ertrrncr Tr rrr ern 4 6 Blocking Access 10 inteme SeS diranac eiA 4 8 Blocking Access to Interet SONICS ccssmionismraiorcnme anerian aaia 4 9 Configuring a User Defined SOM siacisissiadcsswesescsauvasrtadaanius aaan 4 10 Configuring Services Blocking by IP Address Range ccccecsssseeeeseeesetteeeeeeees 4 10 Scheduling When Blocking Will Be Enforced ssssssesseesseeessessssssssensssrsssrnnennssnesse 4 11 Viewing Logs of Web Access or Attempted Web ACCESS 0 ecceeeeeeeeeteeeeeeetenteeeeeteees 4 12 Configuring E Mail Alert and Web Access Log Notifications 0 ccceeeeeeeeeetteeeeeees 4 14 Contents v 202 10051 01 March 2005 Chapter 5 Optimizing Wireless Connectivity and Security Observe Performance Placement and Range Guidelines c cceeseeeee D Implement Appropriate Wireless Security 0 0 cc cece eeneneesensssesneneaneeeeaeeeenne D 2 Understanding Wireless Settings ccssiicconiccesanctasarceceiaicctssctyiagsesanatacseseosivdecheantuanasianeiigee nme Deau Factory Sea iuning aaia E a Information to Gather Bala Ghandi Basio Wireless Settings ibis fone T TEA 5 6 Chapter 6 Doing Basic Router Housekeeping Changing the Administrator PassWord aissaisioncnirceiiocniiicin e a Reviewing ihe Router SIAS cocotero ee ar ear e O
127. lug However using telephone cable results in excessive collisions causing the attached port to be partitioned or disconnected from the network Uplink Switches Crossover Cables and MDI MDIX Switching In the wiring table above the concept of transmit and receive are from the perspective of the computer which is wired as Media Dependant Interface MDI In this wiring the computer transmits on pins 1 and 2 At the hub the perspective is reversed and the hub receives on pins 1 and 2 This wiring is referred to as Media Dependant Interface Crossover MDI X When connecting a computer to a computer or a hub port to another hub port the transmit pair must be exchanged with the receive pair This exchange is done by one of two mechanisms Most hubs provide an Uplink switch which will exchange the pairs on one port allowing that port to be connected to another hub using a normal Ethernet cable The second method is to use a crossover cable which is a special cable in which the transmit and receive pairs are exchanged at one of the two cable connectors Crossover cables are often unmarked as such and must be identified by comparing the two connectors Since the cable connectors are clear plastic it is easy to place them side by side and view the order of the wire colors on each On a straight through cable the color order will be the same on both connectors On a crossover cable the orange and green pairs will be exchanged from one connector
128. m the access points of wireless networks located within buildings to serve enterprises The chalk symbols indicate the type of access point that is available at that specific spot There are three basic designs that are currently used a pair of back to back semicircles which denotes an open node a closed circle which denotes a closed node a closed circle with a W inside which denotes a node equipped with WEP Warchalkers also draw identifiers above the symbols to indicate the password that can be used to access the node which can easily be obtained with sniffer software 12 Glossary 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V As a recent development the debate over the legality of warchalking is still going on The practice stems from the U S Depression era culture of wandering hobos who would make marks outside of homes to indicate to other wanderers whether the home was receptive to drifters or was inhospitable War Driving War driving is the act of locating and possibly exploiting connections to wireless local area networks while driving around a city or elsewhere To do war driving you need a vehicle a computer which can be a laptop a wireless Ethernet card set to work in promiscuous mode and some kind of an antenna which can be mounted on top of or positioned inside the car Because a wireless LAN may have a range that extends beyond an office building
129. mber companies from around the world and 509 products have received Wi Fi certification since certification began in March of 2000 The goal of the Wi Fi Alliance s members is to enhance the user experience through product interoperability www weca net Wi Fi Protected Access WPA WPA is a security technology for wireless networks that improves on the authentication and encryption features of WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy In fact WPA was developed by the networking industry in response to the shortcomings of WEP One of the key technologies behind WPA is the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP TKIP addresses the encryption weaknesses of WEP Another key component of WPA is built in authentication that WEP Glossary 13 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V does not offer With this feature WPA provides roughly comparable security to VPN tunneling with WEP with the benefit of easier administration and use This is similar to 802 1x support and requires a RADIUS server in order to implement The Wi Fi Alliance will call this WPA Enterprise One variation of WPA is called WPA Pre Shared Key or WPA PSK for short this provides an authentication alternative to an expensive RADIUS server WPA PSK is a simplified but still powerful form of WPA most suitable for home Wi Fi networking To use WPA PSK a person sets a static key or passphrase as with WEP But using TKI
130. n Verify that the IP address for your router and your workstation are correct and that the addresses are on the same subnet Testing the Path from Your Computer to a Remote Device After verifying that the LAN path works correctly test the path from your computer to a remote device From the Windows run menu type PING n 10 lt IP address gt where lt P address gt is the IP address of a remote device such as your ISP s DNS server If the path is functioning correctly replies as in the previous section are displayed If you do not receive replies Check that your computer has the IP address of your router listed as the default gateway If the IP configuration of your computer is assigned by DHCP this information will not be visible in your computer s Network Control Panel Verify that the IP address of the router is listed as the default gateway as described in Install or Verify Windows Networking Components on page C 9 Check to see that the network address of your computer the portion of the IP address specified by the netmask is different from the network address of the remote device Check that your cable or DSL modem is connected and functioning If your ISP assigned a host name to your computer enter that host name as the Account Name in the Basic Settings menu 8 6 Troubleshooting Common Problems 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone A
131. n This completes the DHCP configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties General Alternate Configuration You can get IP settings assigned automatically if your network supports this capability Otherwise you need to ask your network administrator for the appropriate IP settings Obtain an IP address automatically Use the following IP address Obtain DNS server address automatically Use the following DNS server addresses DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows 2000 Once again after you have installed the network card TCP IP for Windows 2000 is configured TCP IP should be added by default and set to DHCP without your having to configure it However if there are problems follow these steps to configure TCP IP with DHCP for Windows 2000 Preparing Your Network 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V e Click on the My Network Places icon on the Windows desktop This will bring up a window called Network and Dial up Connections e Right click on Local Area Connection and select Properties The Local Area Connection Properties dialog box appears e Verify that you have the correct Ethernet card selected in the Connect using box e Verify that at least the following two items are displayed
132. n the Netgear website This guide uses the following typographical conventions Table 1 1 Typographical Conventions italics Emphasis books CDs URL names bold User input fixed Screen text file and server names extensions commands IP addresses This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages Ce Note This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest This manual is written for the WGR826V Wireless Router according to these specifications Table 1 2 Manual Scope Product Version WGR826V 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter Manual Publication Date March 2005 Note Product updates are available on the NETGEAR Inc Web site at gt http kbserver netgear com products WGR826V asp About This Manual 1 1 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V How to Use This Manual The HTML version of this manual includes the following e Buttons gt and lt for browsing forwards or backwards through the manual one page at a time e A button that displays the table of contents and an button Double click on a link in the table of contents or index to navigate directly to where the topic is described in the manual e A Knowledge Base button to access the full NETGEAR Inc online knowledge base for the product model e Links t
133. ng 802 1x and the Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP Support for 802 1x authentication is required in WPA In the 802 11 standard 802 1x authentication was optional For details on EAP specifically refer to IETF s RFC 2284 With 802 11 WEP all access points and client wireless adapters on a particular wireless LAN must use the same encryption key A major problem with the 802 11 standard is that the keys are cumbersome to change If you do not update the WEP keys often an unauthorized person with a sniffing tool can monitor your network for less than a day and decode the encrypted messages Products based on the 802 11 standard alone offer system administrators no effective method to update the keys For 802 11 WEP encryption is optional For WPA encryption using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP is required TKIP replaces WEP with a new encryption algorithm that is stronger than the WEP algorithm but that uses the calculation facilities present on existing wireless devices to perform encryption operations TKIP provides important data encryption enhancements including a per packet key mixing function a message integrity check MIC named Michael an extended initialization vector IV with sequencing rules and a re keying mechanism Through these enhancements TKIP addresses all of known WEP vulnerabilities Wireless Networking Basics D 9 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Ada
134. ng other things your IP address subnet mask and default gateway From the drop down box select your Ethernet adapter The window is updated to show your settings which should match the values below if you are using the default TCP IP settings that NETGEAR recommends for connecting through a router or gateway e The IP address is between 192 168 15 2 and 192 168 15 253 e The subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 e The default gateway is 192 168 15 1 Configuring Windows NT4 2000 or XP for IP Networking As part of the PC preparation process you may need to install and configure TCP IP on each networked PC Before starting locate your Windows CD you may need to insert it during the TCP IP installation process Install or Verify Windows Networking Components To install or verify the necessary components for IP networking 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Network and Dialup Connections icon 3 Ifan Ethernet adapter is present in your PC you should see an entry for Local Area Connection Double click that entry 4 Select Properties 5 Verify that Client for Microsoft Networks and Internet Protocol TCP IP are present If not select Install and add them 6 Select Internet Protocol TCP IP click Properties and verify that Obtain an IP address automatically is selected 7 Click OK and close all Network and Dialup
135. nt can then use contents of the key message to define applicable encryption keys In typical 802 1x implementations the client can automatically change encryption keys as often as necessary to minimize the possibility of eavesdroppers having enough time to crack the key in current use D 14 Wireless Networking Basics 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP WPA uses TKIP to provide important data encryption enhancements including a per packet key mixing function a message integrity check MIC named Michael an extended initialization vector IV with sequencing rules and a re keying mechanism TKIP also provides for the following e The verification of the security configuration after the encryption keys are determined e The synchronized changing of the unicast encryption key for each frame e The determination of a unique starting unicast encryption key for each preshared key authentication Michael With 802 11 and WEP data integrity is provided by a 32 bit integrity check value ICV that is appended to the 802 11 payload and encrypted with WEP Although the ICV is encrypted you can use cryptanalysis to change bits in the encrypted payload and update the encrypted ICV without being detected by the receiver With WPA a method known as Michael specifies a new algorithm that calculates an 8 byte message integrity check MIC u
136. nts full access to the network until authentication completes 802 1X EAPOL Key packets are used by WPA to distribute per session keys to those stations successfully authenticated The supplicant in the station uses the authentication and cipher suite information contained in the information elements to decide which authentication method and cipher suite to use For example if the access point is using the pre shared key method then the supplicant need not authenticate using full blown 802 1X Rather the supplicant must simply prove to the access point that it is in possession of the pre shared key If the supplicant detects that the service set does not contain a WPA information element then it knows it must use pre WPA 802 1X authentication and key management in order to access the network e Key management WPA WPA2 features a robust key generation management system that integrates the authentication and data privacy functions Keys are generated after successful authentication and through a subsequent 4 way handshake between the station and Access Point AP e Data Privacy Encryption Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP is used to wrap WEP in sophisticated cryptographic and security techniques to overcome most of its weaknesses e Data integrity TKIP includes a message integrity code MIC at the end of each plaintext message to ensure messages are not being spoofed Wireless Networking Basics D 11 202 10051 01 March 2005 Refer
137. nual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Blocking Access to Internet Services The WGR826V Wireless Router allows you to block the use of certain Internet services by PCs on your network This is called services blocking or port filtering The Block Services menu is shown below Default Service Table Name Type Ports TCP or UDP 1 DNS UDP 53 2 FTP TCP 21 3 HTTP TCP 80 4 HTTPS TCP 443 5 IMAP 4 UDP 143 Ea netbios uo 137 139 7 netbios tep TCP 137 139 NNTP TCP 119 9 POP3 TCP 110 10 SMTP TCP 25 11 SNMP UDP 161 12 SSH TCP 22 13 SNTP NTP Time Service UDP 123 14 TELNET TCP 23 15 TFTP upp 69 16 VPN IPSec UDP 500 7 VPN L2TP UDP 1701 18 VPN PPTP TCP 1723 Custom Service Table Name Type Ports TCP or UDP Add Edit Delete Figure 4 5 Block Services menu Services are functions performed by server computers at the request of client computers For example Web servers serve Web pages time servers serve time and date information and game hosts serve data about other players moves When a computer on your network sends a request for service to a server computer on the Internet the requested service is identified by a service or port number This number appears as the destination port number in the transmitted IP packets For example a packet that is sent with destination port number 80 is an HTTP Web server request
138. o PDF versions of the full manual and individual chapters 1 2 About This Manual 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V How to Print this Manual To print this manual you can choose one of the following several options according to your needs e Printing a Page in the HTML View Each page in the HTML version of the manual is dedicated to a major topic Use the Print button on the browser toolbar to print the page contents e Printing a Chapter Use the PDF of This Chapter link at the top left of any page Click the PDF of This Chapter link at the top right of any page in the chapter you want to print The PDF version of the chapter you were viewing opens in a browser window Note Your computer must have the free Adobe Acrobat reader installed in order to view and print PDF files The Acrobat reader is available on the Adobe Web site at http www adobe com Click the print icon in the upper left of the window Tip If your printer supports printing two pages on a single sheet of paper you can save paper and printer ink by selecting this feature Printing the Full Manual Use the Complete PDF Manual link at the top left of any page Click the Complete PDF Manual link at the top left of any page in the manual The PDF version of the complete manual opens in a browser window Click the print icon in the upper left of the window Tip If your printer s
139. o your needs Wireless Data Security Options co a pT at Range up to 300 foot radius Abe 1 Open system easy but no security s 2 MAC access list no data security 3 WEP security but some performance impact 4 WPA PSK very strong security Figure 5 1 WGR826V wireless data security options There are several ways you can enhance the security of your wireless network e Turn Off the Broadcast of the Wireless Network Name SSID If you disable broadcast of the SSID only devices that have the correct SSID can connect This nullifies the wireless network discovery feature of some products such as Windows XP but the data is still fully exposed to a determined snoop using specialized test equipment like wireless sniffers e WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy WEP data encryption provides data security WEP Shared Key authentication and WEP data encryption will block all but the most determined eavesdropper e WPA PSK Wi Fi Protected Access WPA data encryption provides strong data security WPA PSK will block eavesdropping Because this is a new standard wireless device driver and software availability may be limited 5 2 Optimizing Wireless Connectivity and Security 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V e Turn Off the Wired LAN If you disable the wireless LAN wireless devices cannot communicate with the router at all You might choose
140. ocking schedule and for time stamping log entries e Daylight Savings Time Check this box if your time zone is currently under daylight savings time Content Filtering 4 15 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V 4 16 Content Filtering 202 10051 01 March 2005 Chapter 5 Optimizing Wireless Connectivity and Security This chapter describes how to configure the wireless features of your WGR826V Wireless Router In planning your wireless network you should consider the level of security required You should also select the physical placement of your firewall in order to maximize the network speed The full manual with detailed how to instructions is available via the Documentation link in the configuration utility of the WGR826V Wireless Router Observe Performance Placement and Range Guidelines The operating distance or range of your wireless connection can vary significantly based on the physical placement of the Wireless Access Point The latency data throughput performance and notebook power consumption of wireless adapters also vary depending on your configuration choices S Note Failure to follow these guidelines can result in significant performance degradation or inability to wirelessly connect to the router For complete range performance specifications please see Appendix A Technical Specifications For best results place your Wir
141. oded into it This unique identifier can be used to provide security for wireless networks When a network uses a MAC table only the 802 11 radios that have had their MAC addresses added to that network s MAC table will be able to get onto the network Mesh Networks Also called mesh topology mesh is a network topology in which devices are connected with many redundant interconnections between network nodes In a full mesh topology every node has a connection to every other node in the network Mesh networks may be wired or wireless Mesh network In a wireless mesh example each of the spheres below represent a mesh router Corporate servers and printers may be shared by attaching to each mesh router For wireless access to the mesh an access point must be attached to any one of the mesh routers Multiple Input Multiple Output MIMO MIMO refers to radio links with multiple antennas at the transmitter and the receiver side to improve the performance of the wireless link NAT Network Address Translation A network capability that enables a houseful of computers to dynamically share a single incoming IP address from a dial up cable or xDSL connection NAT takes the single incoming IP address and creates new IP address for each client computer on the network Network name Identifies the wireless network for all the shared components During the installation process for most wireless networks you need to enter the network name or SSID
142. omputer connected to a network that requests services files print capability from another member of the network Clients are end users Wi Fi client devices include PC Cards that slide into laptop computers mini PCI modules embedded in laptop computers and mobile computing devices as well as USB and PCI ISA bus Wi Fi radios Client devices usually communicate with hub devices like access points and gateways Collision avoidance A network node characteristic for proactively detecting that it can transmit a signal without risking a collision thereby ensuring a more reliable connection Crossover cable A special cable used for networking two computers without the use of a hub Crossover cables may also be required for connecting a cable or DSL modem to a wireless gateway or access point Instead of the signals transferring in parallel paths from one set of plugs to another the signals crossover If an eight wire cable was being used for instance the signal would start on pin one at one end of the cable and end up on pin eight at the other end They cross over from one side to the other CSMA CA Carrier Sense Multiple Action Collision Avoidance CSMA CA is the principle medium access method employed by IEEE 802 11 WLANs It is a listen before talk method of minimizing but not eliminating collisions caused by simultaneous transmission by multiple radios IEEE 802 11 states collision avoidance method rather than collision detection m
143. on can now communicate with the Ethernet network through the access point An access point must authenticate a station before the station can associate with the access point or communicate with the network The IEEE 802 11 standard defines two types of authentication Open System and Shared Key e Open System Authentication allows any device to join the network assuming that the device SSID matches the access point SSID Alternatively the device can use the ANY SSID option to associate with any available Access Point within range regardless of its SSID e Shared Key Authentication requires that the station and the access point have the same WEP Key to authenticate These two authentication procedures are described below Open System Authentication The following steps occur when two devices use Open System Authentication 1 The station sends an authentication request to the access point Wireless Networking Basics D 3 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V 2 The access point authenticates the station 3 The station associates with the access point and joins the network This process is illustrated below 802 11b Authentication Open System Steps 1 Authentication request sent to AP z 2 AP authenticates tO OO i Access Point l C rrr Sao Sf ee s i 3 Client connects to network Ea r Client attempting
144. ort number enter that number in both boxes If you know that the application uses either TCP or UDP select the appropriate protocol If you are not sure select Both 4 10 Content Filtering 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Scheduling When Blocking Will Be Enforced The WGR826V Wireless Router allows you to specify when blocking will be enforced The Schedule menu is shown below Schedule Days M Every Day I sunday Z Monday I Tuesday I Wednesday I Thursday IY Friday I Saturday Time of day use 24 hour clock M All Day Start Time 2 Hour 2 minute End Time 23 Hour 52 minute Time Zone GMT Greenwich Mean Time Edinburgh London z I Use this NTP Server Current Time 2003 01 01 02 08 06 Cancel Figure 4 7 Schedule menu e Use this schedule for blocking content Check this box if you wish to enable a schedule for Content Filtering Click Apply e Days to Block Select days to block by checking the appropriate boxes Select Everyday to check the boxes for all days Click Apply e Time of Day to Block Select a start and end time in 23 59 format Select All day for 24 hour blocking Click Apply Be sure to select your Time Zone in the E Mail menu Content Filtering 4 11 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Viewing Logs of Web Access or Attemp
145. ou are employed and the request will likely be denied by the company s firewall In this case you must define a static route telling your router that 134 177 0 0 should be accessed through the ISDN router at 192 168 15 100 The static route would look like Figure 7 3 In this example e The Destination IP Address and IP Subnet Mask fields specify that this static route applies to all 134 177 x x addresses e The Gateway IP Address fields specifies that all traffic for these addresses should be forwarded to the ISDN router at 192 168 15 100 e A Metric value of 1 will work since the ISDN router is on the LAN e Private is selected only as a precautionary security measure in case RIP is activated Configuring WAN Setup Options The WAN Setup options let you configure a DMZ server change the MTU size and enable the wireless router to respond to a Ping on the WAN port These options are discussed below 7 6 Setting Up Advanced Router Configurations 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V WAN Setup Default DMZ Server 192 Ji68 Ji5 jo MTU Size in bytes Ethernet 1500 PPPoE 1454 Apply Cancel Figure 7 4 WAN Setup menu Setting Up a Default DMZ Server The default DMZ server feature is helpful when using some online games and videoconferencing applications that are incompatible with NAT The router is programmed to recognize some of these applic
146. plicant EAP or preshared key e TKIP e Michael e AES WPA2 To upgrade your wireless network adapters to support WPA WPA2 obtain a WPA WPA2 update from your wireless network adapter vendor and update the wireless network adapter driver For Windows wireless clients you must obtain an updated network adapter driver that supports WPA For wireless network adapter drivers that are compatible with Windows XP Service Pack 1 and Windows Server 2003 the updated network adapter driver must be able to pass the adapter s WPA capabilities and security configuration to the Wireless Zero Configuration service Wireless Networking Basics D 17 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Microsoft has worked with many wireless vendors to embed the WPA driver update in the wireless adapter driver So to update your Microsoft Windows wireless client all you have to do is obtain the new WPA WPA2 compatible driver and install the driver Changes to Wireless Client Programs Wireless client programs must be updated to permit the configuration of WPA WPA2 authentication and preshared key and the new WPA WPA2 encryption algorithms TKIP and AES To obtain the Microsoft WPA client program visit the Microsoft Web site Note The Microsoft WPA2 client is still in beta D 18 Wireless Networking Basics 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router w
147. ps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Table B 1 UTP Ethernet cable wiring straight through Pin Wire color Signal 1 Orange White Transmit Tx 2 Orange Transmit Tx 3 Green White Receive Rx 4 Blue 5 Blue White 6 Green Receive Rx 7 Brown White 8 Brown Category 5 Cable Quality Category 5 distributed cable that meets ANSI EIA TIA 568 A building wiring standards can be a maximum of 328 feet ft or 100 meters m in length divided as follows 20 ft 6 m between the hub and the patch panel if used 295 ft 90 m from the wiring closet to the wall outlet 10 ft 3 m from the wall outlet to the desktop device The patch panel and other connecting hardware must meet the requirements for 100 Mbps operation Category 5 Only 0 5 inch 1 5 cm of untwist in the wire pair is allowed at any termination point A twisted pair Ethernet network operating at 10 Mbits second 1OBASE T will often tolerate low quality cables but at 100 Mbits second LOBASE Tx the cable must be rated as Category 5 or Cat 5 by the Electronic Industry Association EIA This rating will be printed on the cable jacket A Category 5 cable will meet specified requirements regarding loss and crosstalk In addition there are restrictions on maximum cable length for both 10 and 100 Mbits second networks B 12 Network Routing and Firewall Basics 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual
148. pter WGR826V How Does WPA Compare to WPA2 IEEE 802 111 WPA is forward compatible with the WPA2 security specification WPA is a subset of WPA2 and used certain pieces of the early 802 111 draft such as 802 1x and TKIP The main pieces of WPA2 that are not included in WPA are secure IBSS Ad Hoc mode secure fast handoff for specialized 802 11 VoIP phones as well as enhanced encryption protocols such as AES CCMP These features were either not yet ready for market or required hardware upgrades to implement What are the Key Features of WPA and WPA2 Security The following security features are included in the WPA and WPA2 standard e WPA and WPA2 Authentication e WPA and WPA2 Encryption Key Management Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP Michael message integrity code MIC AES support WPA2 requires hardware support e Support for a mixture of WPA WPA2 and WEP wireless clients to allow a migration strategy but mixing WEP and WPA WPA2 is discouraged These features are discussed below WPA WPA2 addresses most of the known WEP vulnerabilities and is primarily intended for wireless infrastructure networks as found in the enterprise This infrastructure includes stations access points and authentication servers typically RADIUS servers The RADIUS server holds or has access to user credentials for example user names and passwords and authenticates wireless users before they gain access to the network
149. quency Spread 1 2412 MHz 2399 5 MHz 2424 5 MHz 2417 MHz 2404 5 MHz 2429 5 MHz 2422 MHz 2409 5 MHz 2434 5 MHz Wireless Networking Basics D 7 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Table D 4 802 11b g Radio Frequency Channels Channel Center Frequency Frequency Spread 4 2427 MHz 2414 5 MHz 2439 5 MHz 5 2432 MHz 2419 5 MHz 2444 5 MHz 6 2437 MHz 2424 5 MHz 2449 5 MHz 7 2442 MHz 2429 5 MHz 2454 5 MHz 8 2447 MHz 2434 5 MHz 2459 5 MHz 9 2452 MHz 2439 5 MHz 2464 5 MHz 10 2457 MHz 2444 5 MHz 2469 5 MHz 11 2462 MHz 2449 5 MHz 2474 5 MHz 12 2467 MHz 2454 5 MHz 2479 5 MHz 13 2472 MHz 2459 5 MHz 2484 5 MHz Note The available channels supported by the wireless products in various countries are different For example Channels 1 to 11 are supported in the U S and Canada and Channels 1 to 13 are supported in Europe and Australia The preferred channel separation between the channels in neighboring wireless networks is 25 MHz 5 channels This means that you can apply up to three different channels within your wireless network There are only 11 usable wireless channels in the United States It is recommended that you start using channel 1 and grow to use channel 6 and 11 when necessary as these three channels do not overlap WPA and WPA2 Wireless Security Wi Fi Protected Access WPA and WPA2 is a sp
150. r Configurations 7 13 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V This page intentionally left blank Setting Up Advanced Router Configurations 202 10051 01 March 2005 Chapter 8 Troubleshooting Common Problems This chapter gives information about troubleshooting your WGR826V 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter After each problem description instructions are provided to help you diagnose and solve the problem Basic Functioning After you turn on power to the router the following sequence of events should occur 1 When power is first applied verify that the Power light is on 2 After approximately 10 seconds verify that a The power light is solid green b The LAN port lights are lit for any local ports that are connected c The Internet port light is lit If a port s light is lit a link has been established to the connected device If a LAN port is connected to a 100 Mbps device verify that the port s light is green If the port is 10 Mbps the light will be amber If any of these conditions does not occur refer to the appropriate following section Power Light Not On If the Power and other lights are off when your router is turned on e Make sure that the power cord is properly connected to your router and that the power supply adapter is properly connected to a functioning power outlet e Check that you are using the 12V D
151. r Internet connection does not require a login click No at the top of the Basic Settings menu and fill in the settings according to the instructions below If your Internet connection does require a login click Yes and skip to step 5 a e Enter your Account Name may also be called Host Name and Domain Name These parameters may be necessary to access your ISP s services such as mail or news servers Internet IP Address If your ISP has assigned you a permanent fixed static IP address for your computer select Use static IP address Enter the IP address that your ISP assigned Also enter the netmask and the Gateway IP address The Gateway is the ISP s router to which your router will connect Domain Name Server DNS Address If you know that your ISP does not automatically transmit DNS addresses to the router during login select Use these DNS servers and enter the IP address of your ISP s Primary DNS Server If a Secondary DNS Server address is available enter it also Note If you enter an address here restart the computers on your network so that these settings take effect Router s MAC Address This section determines the Ethernet MAC address that will be used by the router on the Internet port Some ISPs will register the Ethernet MAC address of the network interface card in your computer when your account is first opened They will then only accept traffic from the MAC address of that computer This
152. r the selected firewall rule e Move to move the selected firewall rule to a new position in the table You will be prompted for the new position e Delete to delete the selected firewall rule e Inbound Services This lists all existing firewall rules for inbound traffic If you have not defined any firewall rules only the default firewall rule will be listed The default firewall rule blocks all inbound traffic To create a new firewall rule a Click the Add button It does not matter which radio button is selected The Inbound Service screen will be displayed This screen has its own help file b Complete the Inbound Service screen and save the data The new rule will be listed in the table when you return to this screen To make changes to an existing firewall rule a Click the radio button next to a row in the table b Click the button for the desired actions e Edit to make any changes to the firewall rule definition The Inbound Service screen will be displayed with the data for the selected firewall rule e Move to move the selected firewall rule to a new position in the table You will be prompted for the new position e Delete to delete the selected firewall rule e Ping Response and Telnet Ifyou want the router to not respond to a ping from the Internet deselect the Respond to Ping on Internet WAN Port check box This option however should be enabled to allow the AT amp T Call Server to ad
153. re the Router is using This will change if you upgrade your Router WAN Port These are the current settings that you set in the Basic Settings page MAC Address the physical address of the WGR826V as seen from the Internet IP Address current Internet IP address If assigned dynamically and no Internet connection exists this will be blank or 0 0 0 0 Network Type indicates either DHCP IP address is obtained dynamically PPPoE IP address requires a login or Static IP is statically entered IP Subnet Mask the subnet mask associated with the Internet IP address Gateway IP Address the Gateway associated with the Internet IP address Domain Name Server displays the address of the current DNS LAN Port These are the current settings as set in the LAN IP Setup page MAC Address the physical address of the WGR826V as seen from the local LAN IP Address LAN IP address of the Router DHCP indicates if the WGR826V is acting as a DHCP Server for devices on your LAN IP Subnet Mask subnet mask associated with the LAN IP address Wireless Port These are the current settings as set in the Wireless Settings page Name SSID Service Set Identifier SSID of the WGR826V Region the location country Channel Frequency the current channel in use and Frequency of the Channel in GigaHertz Mode Mode of operation of the Wireless router Wireless AP indicates if the Access Point feature of the WGR82
154. received over the network Transmit Gain This value in dB indicates the gain of speech sent out of the voice ports over the network RTP Packet Sequence Check This parameter indicates whether sequence number to be checked is in the received RTP packets Subscribe Timer This value indicates the interval at which SUBSCRIBE requests are sent to the server to get the voice mail notifications Jitter Control This state indicates whether Jitter Control is enabled or not It gives the minimum and maximum jitter queue lengths if Jitter Control is enabled Emergency Service Indicate the Telephone number s of Emergency service e PORT 1 Phone Number Telephone number of port 1 Display Name Name of the customer Business Group ID Business Group Id of the customer Password Password used for digests sent in SIP REGISTER INVITE messages sent to the server Doing Basic Router Housekeeping 6 11 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Codec Priorities Indicates the codecs in the priority order to be sent to the server in call set up e PORT 2 Phone Number Telephone number of port 2 Display Name Name of the customer Business Group ID Business Group Id of the customer Password Password used for digests sent in SIP REGISTER INVITE messages sent to the server Codec Priorities Indicates the codecs in the priority ord
155. ress automatically bd Obtain DNS server address mC Use the following DNS server addresses automatically is selected Preferred DNS server er Altemate DNS server ace See e Click OK to return to Local Area Connection Properties Advanced Cancel Local Area Connection Properties E 2 x General Connect using e Click OK qgan to complete the a 3Com EtherLink XL 10 100 PCI NIC 30905 TX configuration process for Windows 2000 Components checked are used by this connection M a Client for Microsoft Networks File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Netwe M Y Internet Protocol TCP IP Install Uninstall Properties Description Allows other computers to access resources on your computer using a Microsoft network Restart the PC Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network J Show icon in taskbar when connected OK Cancel C 14 Preparing Your Network 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows NT4 Once you have installed the network card you need to configure the TCP IP environment for Windows NT 4 0 Follow this procedure to configure TCP IP with DHCP in Windows NT 4 0 e Choose Settings from the Start Menu and then select Control Panel This will display Control Panel window Network i 1x
156. rimary DNS Server if you entered a Primary DNS address in the Basic Settings menu otherwise the router s LAN IP address e Secondary DNS Server if you entered a Secondary DNS address in the Basic Settings menu Setting Up Advanced Router Configurations 7 3 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Using Address Reservation When you specify a reserved IP address for a computer on the LAN that computer will always receive the same IP address each time it access the router s DHCP server Reserved IP addresses should be assigned to servers that require permanent IP settings To reserve an IP address 1 Click the Add button 2 Inthe IP Address box type the IP address to assign to the computer or server choose an IP address from the router s LAN subnet such as 192 168 15 X 3 Type the MAC Address of the computer or server Tip If the computer is already present on your network you can copy its MAC address from the Attached Devices menu and paste it here 4 Click Apply to enter the reserved address into the table Note The reserved address will not be assigned until the next time the computer contacts the router s DHCP server Reboot the computer or access its IP configuration and force a DHCP release and renew To edit or delete a reserved address entry 1 Click the button next to the reserved address you want to edit or delete 2 Click Edit or De
157. rking Basics D 5 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Key Size The IEEE 802 11 standard supports two types of WEP encryption 40 bit and 128 bit The 64 bit WEP data encryption method allows for a five character 40 bit input Additionally 24 factory set bits are added to the forty bit input to generate a 64 bit encryption key The 24 factory set bits are not user configurable This encryption key will be used to encrypt decrypt all data transmitted via the wireless interface Some vendors refer to the 64 bit WEP data encryption as 40 bit WEP data encryption since the user configurable portion of the encryption key is 40 bits wide The 128 bit WEP data encryption method consists of 104 user configurable bits Similar to the forty bit WEP data encryption method the remaining 24 bits are factory set and not user configurable Some vendors allow passphrases to be entered instead of the cryptic hexadecimal characters to ease encryption key entry 128 bit encryption is stronger than 40 bit encryption but 128 bit encryption may not be available outside of the United States due to U S export regulations When configured for 40 bit encryption 802 11 products typically support up to four WEP Keys Each 40 bit WEP Key is expressed as 5 sets of two hexadecimal digits 0 9 and A F For example 12 34 56 78 90 is a 40 bit WEP Key When configured for 128 bit encryption 802 1
158. rmines which operating frequency will be used It should not be necessary to change the wireless channel unless you notice interference problems with another nearby access point e Mode This field determines which data communications protocol will be used e Security Options These options are the wireless security features you can enable The table below identifies the various basic wireless security options Table 5 1 Basic Wireless Security Options Field Description Disable No wireless security WEP WEP offers the following options Open System With Open Network Authentication and 64 or 128 bit WEP Data Encryption the WGR826V does perform 64 or 128 bit data encryption but does not perform any authentication Shared Key Shared Key authentication encrypts the SSID and data Choose the Encryption Strength 64 or 128 bit data encryption Manually enter the key values or enter a word or group of printable characters in the Passphrase box Manually entered keys are case sensitive but passphrase characters are not case sensitive Note Not all wireless adapter configuration utilities support passphrase key generation Auto WPA PSK WPA Pre shared Key does perform authentication uses 128 bit data encryption and dynamically changes the encryption keys making it nearly impossible to circumvent Enter a word or group of printable characters in the Password Phrase box These characters are case sensitive Note Not all wir
159. rning The SSID is case sensitive Entering nETgear will not work d To verify wireless connectivity connect to the Internet or log in to the WGR826V Wireless Router from a computer with a wireless adapter You are now connected to the Internet and the wireless feature of the wireless router is enabled Next configure your wireless computers to connect to the NETGEAR Network Name SSID Connecting the Router to the Internet 3 9 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Now Set Up a Computer for Wireless Connectivity Wireless Adapter ina Notebook Computer Configure the wireless adapter to match your wireless router settings exactly If you changed the default Network Name SSID be sure to use what you set in the wireless router WIRELESS FEATURE DEFAULT SETTING 802 11g Network Name SSID NETGEAR WEP or WPA Security Disabled Warning The Network Name SSID is case sensitive Typing nETgear for the SSID will not work If you need to verify the wireless settings of your wireless router go to a computer that is connected via an Ethernet cable to the wireless router and simply open a browser Enter http 192 168 15 1 in your browser Then when prompted enter admin as the user name and password for the password both in lower case letters You are now wirelessly connected to the Internet with strong security Troubleshooting Tips
160. roup networking In this configuration network packets are directly sent and received by the intended transmitting and receiving stations As long as the stations are within range of one another this is the easiest and least expensive way to set up a wireless network Network Name Extended Service Set Identification ESSID The Extended Service Set Identification ESSID is one of two types of Service Set Identification SSID In an ad hoc wireless network with no access points the Basic Service Set Identification BSSID is used In an infrastructure wireless network that includes an access point the ESSID is used but may still be referred to as SSID An SSID is a thirty two character maximum alphanumeric key identifying the name of the wireless local area network Some vendors refer to the SSID as network name For the wireless devices in a network to communicate with each other all devices must be configured with the same SSID The ESSID is usually broadcast in the air from an access point The wireless station sometimes can be configured with the ESSID ANY This means the wireless station will try to associate with whichever access point has the stronger radio frequency RF signal providing that both the access point and wireless station use Open System authentication Authentication and WEP Data Encryption The absence of a physical connection between nodes makes the wireless links vulnerable to eavesdropping and information
161. rs for TCP IP networking and restarting them and connecting them to the local network of your WGR826V Wireless Router you are ready to access and configure the firewall Preparing Your Network C 23 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V C 24 Preparing Your Network 202 10051 01 March 2005 Appendix D Wireless Networking Basics This chapter provides an overview of Wireless networking Wireless Networking Overview The WGR826V Wireless Router conforms to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE 802 11b and 802 11g standards for wireless LANs WLANs On an 802 11b or g wireless link data is encoded using direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS technology and is transmitted in the unlicensed radio spectrum at 2 5GHz The maximum data rate for the 802 11b wireless link is 11 Mbps but it will automatically back down from 11 Mbps to 5 5 2 and 1 Mbps when the radio signal is weak or when interference is detected The 802 11g auto rate sensing rates are 1 2 5 5 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 54 and 108 Mbps The 802 11 standard is also called Wireless Ethernet or Wi Fi by the Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance WECA see hitp www wi fi net an industry standard group promoting interoperability among 802 11 devices The 802 11 standard offers two methods for configuring a wireless network ad hoc and infrastructure Infrastructure Mode
162. rval This value indicates the inter packet interval of the data packets that are transmitted by the Router over WAN while Voice call is in progress This value is dynamically programmed by the provisioning server SASVP based on the uplink bandwidth of the Router Packet Threshold This value indicates the packet length for packet classification and scheduling The data packets are classified based on packet length Packets of length less than or equal to this threshold value are given higher priority over others Uplink Bandwidth This value indicates the current uplink bandwidth It is computed from Gap Interval so configured by provisioning server SASVP e VoIP Configuration Registration Proxy This parameter indicates the domain to be specified in the REGISTER requests sent to the NAT Proxy e Port This indicates the UDP TCP port of Registration Proxy e Transport This parameter indicates the transport UDP TCP to be used for communicating with Registration Proxy e Expires This value indicates the interval at which REGISTER requests are sent to the Registration Proxy NAT Proxy This parameter indicates the Server to which the SIP requests need to be sent e Port This indicates the UDP TCP port of NAT Proxy e Transport This parameter indicates the transport UDP TCP to be used for communicating with NAT Proxy Proxy Domain This parameter indicates the domain of SIP to be specified in the SIP request mes
163. s Name server addr 192 168 0 1 The panel is updated to show your settings which should match the values below if you are using the default TCP IP settings that NETGEAR recommends e The IP Address is between 192 168 15 2 and 192 168 15 253 e The Subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 e The Router address is 192 168 15 1 If you do not see these values you may need to restart your Macintosh or you may need to switch the Configure setting to a different option then back again to Using DHCP Server Preparing Your Network C 19 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet Account For broadband access to the Internet you need to contract with an Internet service provider ISP for a single user Internet access account using a cable modem or DSL modem This modem must be a separate physical box not a card and must provide an Ethernet port intended for connection to a Network Interface Card NIC in a computer Your firewall does not support a USB connected broadband modem For a single user Internet account your ISP supplies TCP IP configuration information for one computer With a typical account much of the configuration information is dynamically assigned when your PC is first booted up while connected to the ISP and you will not need to know that dynamic information In order to share the Internet
164. s how to set up the router on your local area network LAN and connect to the Internet You will find out how to configure your wireless router for Internet access Follow these instructions to set up your router Prepare to Install Your Wireless Router e For Cable Modem Service When you perform the wireless router setup steps be sure to use the computer you first registered with your cable ISP e For DSL Service You may need information such as the DSL login name e mail address and password in order to complete the wireless router setup Before proceeding with the wireless router installation familiarize yourself with the contents of the Setup CD especially this manual and the tutorials for configuring computers for networking First Connect the Wireless Router to Your Network L CONNECT THE WRELESS ROUTER THE COMPUTER AND THE MODEM a Turn off your computer b Turn off the cable or DSL broadband modem Connecting the Router to the Internet 3 1 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V c Locate the Ethernet cable cable 1 in the diagram that connects your PC to the modem 2 wey SZ A Cable 1 e QO Internet ies 5 computer modem Figure 3 1 Disconnect the Ethernet cable from the computer Disconnect the cable at the computer end only point A in the diagram above Look at
165. s performed by a router What is a Router A router is a device that forwards traffic between networks based on network layer information in the data and on routing tables maintained by the router In these routing tables a router builds up a logical picture of the overall network by gathering and exchanging information with other routers in the network Using this information the router chooses the best path for forwarding network traffic Network Routing and Firewall Basics B 1 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Routers vary in performance and scale number of routing protocols supported and types of physical WAN connection they support The WGR826V 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter is a small office router that routes the IP protocol over a single user broadband connection Routing Information Protocol One of the protocols used by a router to build and maintain a picture of the network is the Routing Information Protocol RIP Using RIP routers periodically update one another and check for changes to add to the routing table The WGR826V Wireless Router supports both the older RIP 1 and the newer RIP 2 protocols Among other improvements RIP 2 supports subnet and multicast protocols RIP is not required for most home applications IP Addresses and the Internet Because TCP IP networks are interconnected across the world every machine on the
166. s use a specific host or domain name like CCA7324 A or home If you haven t been given host or domain names you can use the following examples as a guide e If your main e mail account with your ISP is aaa yyy com then use aaa as your host name Your ISP might call this your account user host computer or system name e If your ISP s mail server is mail xxx yyy com then use xxx yyy com as the domain name ISP Host Name ISP Domain Name For Wireless Access See the configuration worksheet at Information to Gather Before Changing Basic Wireless Settings on page 5 6 Preparing Your Computers for TCP IP Networking Computers access the Internet using a protocol called TCP IP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol Each computer on your network must have TCP IP installed and selected as its networking protocol If a Network Interface Card NIC is already installed in your computer then TCP IP is probably already installed as well Preparing Your Network C 3 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Most operating systems include the software components you need for networking with TCP IP e Windows 95 or later includes the software components for establishing a TCP IP network e Windows 3 1 does not include a TCP IP component You need to purchase a third party TCP IP application package such as NetManage Chameleon e Ma
167. sages other than REGISTER sent to the NAT Proxy e Port This indicates the UDP TCP port of Proxy Domain e Transport This parameter indicates the transport UDP TCP to be used for communicating with Proxy Domain 6 10 Doing Basic Router Housekeeping 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Digit Timer This value in seconds indicates the Inter digit timeout When the customer does not dial expected number digits the Router waits for this time after every digit dialed Critical Timer This value in seconds indicates the last digit time out When the customer dialed the expect number of digits the Router waits for this time for every digit dialed until the maximum number of digits dialed before it initiates connection setup Long Connect Timer This value in seconds indicates the maximum time the Router can wait for the customer to dial digits before it initiates connection setup DTMF Relay State This state indicates whether the dialed digits need to relayed through the server or not If it is disabled the digits are sent in band with the speech DTMF Relay Payload This value indicates the Payload value to be used in the RTP packets sent for DTMF relay DTMF Relay Repetitions This value indicates the repetition rate to RTP packets sent for DTMF relay Receive Gain This value in dB indicates the gain of speech to be played on the voice ports
168. sing the calculation facilities available on existing wireless devices The MIC is placed between the data portion of the IEEE 802 11 frame and the 4 byte ICV The MIC field is encrypted together with the frame data and the ICV Michael also provides replay protection A new frame counter in the IEEE 802 11 frame is used to prevent replay attacks AES Support for WPA2 One of the encryption methods supported by WPA2 is the advanced encryption standard AES although AES support will not be required initially for Wi Fi certification This is viewed as the optimal choice for security conscience organizations but the problem with AES is that it requires a fundamental redesign of the NIC s hardware in both the station and the access point TKIP is a pragmatic compromise that allows organizations to deploy better security while AES capable equipment is being designed manufactured and incrementally deployed Wireless Networking Basics D 15 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Is WPA WPA2 Perfect WPA WPA2Z is not without its vulnerabilities Specifically it is susceptible to denial of service DoS attacks If the access point receives two data packets that fail the message integrity code MIC within 60 seconds of each other then the network is under an active attack and as a result the access point employs counter measures which include disassociating each station usin
169. stem when it responds to the outgoing request A response using one of these ports will be forwarded to the PC which triggered this rule e Adding a new Rule To add a new rule click the Add and enter the following data on the resulting screen Name enter a suitable name for this rule e g the name of the application Enable Disable select the desired option Outgoing Trigger Ports enter the port number used by the application when it generates an outgoing request Incoming Response Port Range enter the range of port numbers used by the remote system when it responds to the PC s request e Modifying or Deleting an existing Rule Select the desired rule by clicking the radio button beside the rule Click Edit or Delete as desired Access Control List This list consist of the Mac Addresses of the PC s or Devices Incoming packets to the router are filtered if Access Control is ON if Access Control is ON then only PC s or devices with MAC address matching are allowed to access Internet or router This also known as Mac Filtering 7 10 Setting Up Advanced Router Configurations 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Click on Access Control on the Main menu bar to see the Access Control page Access Control List I Turn Access Control On Known PCs and Devices a MAC Address Add Delete Apply Refresh Access Con
170. t software on the client devices The access point acts as a pass through for 802 1x messages which means that you can specify any EAP type without needing to upgrade an 802 1x compliant access point As a result you can update the EAP authentication type to such devices as token cards Smart Cards Kerberos one time passwords certificates and public key authentication or as newer types become available and your requirements for security change WPA WPA2 Data Encryption Key Management With 802 1x the rekeying of unicast encryption keys is optional Additionally 802 11 and 802 1x provide no mechanism to change the global encryption key used for multicast and broadcast traffic With WPA WPA2 rekeying of both unicast and global encryption keys is required For the unicast encryption key the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP changes the key for every frame and the change is synchronized between the wireless client and the wireless access point AP For the global encryption key WPA includes a facility the Information Element for the wireless AP to advertise the changed key to the connected wireless clients If configured to implement dynamic key exchange the 802 1x authentication server can return session keys to the access point along with the accept message The access point uses the session keys to build sign and encrypt an EAP key message that is sent to the client immediately after sending the success message The clie
171. t case sensitive For 64 bit WEP enter 10 hex digits any combination of 0 9 or a f For 128 bit WEP enter 26 hex digits Key 1 Key 2 Key 3 Key 4 e If WPA PSK Authentication is Used Passphrase These characters are case sensitive Enter a word or group of printable characters When you use WPA PSK the other devices in the network will not connect unless they are set to WPA PSK as well and are configured with the correct Passphrase Use the procedures described in the reference manual to configure the WGR826V 5 6 Optimizing Wireless Connectivity and Security 202 10051 01 March 2005 Chapter 6 Doing Basic Router Housekeeping This chapter describes how to use some of the maintenance features of your WGR826V 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter These features can be found by clicking on the Maintenance heading in the Main Menu of the browser interface Other maintenance features not presented in this chapter can be found accessed via links in the browser interface of the wireless router to the documentation and in the help screens Changing the Administrator Password The default password for the wireless router s Web Configuration Manager is password Change this password to a more secure password From the Main Menu of the browser interface under the Maintenance heading select Set Password to bring up the menu shown below Change Password Old password New password Repeat new password Apply Can
172. ted Web Access The log is a detailed record of what Web sites you have accessed or attempted to access Up to 128 entries are stored in the log Log entries will only appear when keyword blocking is enabled An example is shown below Logs Date Wed Jan 1 02 14 39 2003 Refresh Clear Log Send Log Include in Log M Known DoS attacks and port scans M Attempted access to blocked sites M Router administration startup time sync logins etc I All websites and newsgroups visited I Local activity M All incoming and outgoing traffic Enable Syslog Broadcast on LAN Send to this Syslog Server IP Address fo Je qe fe Apply Cancel Figure 4 8 Logs menu 4 12 Content Filtering 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Log entries are described in Table 4 1 Table 4 1 Log entry descriptions Field Description Number The index number of the content filter log entries 128 entries are available numbered from 0 to 127 The log will keep the record of the latest 128 entries Date and Time The date and time the log entry was recorded Source IP The IP address of the initiating device for this log entry Action This field displays whether the access was blocked or allowed The name or IP address of the Web site or newsgroup visited or attempted to access Log action buttons are described in Table 4 2
173. tialization vector IV with sequencing rules and a re keying mechanism Through these enhancements TKIP addresses all WEP known vulnerabilities Enterprise level User Authentication via 802 1x and EAP WEP has almost no user authentication mechanism To strengthen user authentication Wi Fi Protected Access implements 802 1x and the Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP Together these implementations provide a framework for strong user authentication This framework utilizes a central authentication server such as RADIUS to authenticate each user on the network before they join it and also employs mutual authentication so that the wireless user doesn t accidentally join a rogue network that might steal its network credentials Glossary 5 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V ESSID more commonly referred to as SSID Short Set Identifier The identifying name of an 802 11 wireless network When you specify your correct ESSID in your client setup you ensure that you connect to your wireless network rather than another network in range See SSID The ESSID can be called by different terms such as Network Name Preferred Network SSID or Wireless LAN Service Area Ethernet International standard networking technology for wired implementations Basic 10BaseT networks offer a bandwidth of about 10 Mbps Fast Ethernet 100 Mbps and Gigabit Ethernet 1000 Mbps
174. tion Never never log traffic considered by this firewall rule whether it matches or not Match Log traffic only it matches this firewall rule The action is determined by this firewall rule Content Filtering 4 7 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V Blocking Access to Internet Sites The WGR826V Wireless Router allows you to restrict access based on Web addresses and Web address keywords Up to 255 entries are supported in the Keyword list The Block Sites menu is shown in Figure 4 4 below Block Sites M Turn keyword blocking on Add Keyword Block sites containing these keywords or domain names Delete Keyword Clear List Apply Cancel Figure 4 4 Block Sites menu To add a keyword or domain type it in the Keyword box click Add Keyword then click Apply To delete a keyword or domain select it from the list click Delete Keyword then click Apply Keyword application examples e Ifthe keyword XXX is specified the URL lt http www badstuff com xxx html gt is blocked e Ifthe keyword com is specified only Web sites with other domain suffixes such as edu or gov can be viewed e If you wish to block all Internet browsing access during a scheduled period enter the keyword and set the schedule in the Schedule menu Click Apply 4 8 Content Filtering 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Ma
175. to function correctly wireless clients must also support WMM Wireless Networking Wireless Networking refers to the infrastructure enabling the transmission of wireless signals A network ties things together and enables resource sharing WLAN Wireless LAN Also referred to as LAN A type of local area network that uses wireless or high frequency radio waves rather than wires to communicate between nodes Glossary 15 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V This page intentionally left blank 202 10051 01 March 2005 Glossary
176. trol List Setup Access Control List Entry MAC Address Apply Cancel Figure 7 6 Access Control pages e Turn Access Control On Select this option if you want to restrict the Internet access only to some specific PC s or devices This checkbox is disabled if MAC address filter list is empty To enable this option there should be at least one entry in the MAC address filter list Note When you do this operation WGR826V will automatically add your computer s MAC Address to the filter list if it doesn t exists in the list to avoid loss of connection e To add an MAC Address Click Add to add an MAC address to the List Enter a MAC address in XX XX XX XX XX XX format where x is any hexadecimal character e g 00 20 78 00 98 2f when you do add operation WGR826V will automatically add your computer s MAC Address if it doesn t exists in the list to maintain the connectivity e To delete an MAC Address To Delete the MAC address from the list just select the entry and click Delete button Note If there are more than one entry in MAC address list then user is not allowed to delete his own MAC address to avoid loss of connection to the router If there is only one entry then user is allowed to delete his or any MAC address and Access Control feature is automatically disabled Setting Up Advanced Router Configurations 7 11 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V
177. u select Same as Incoming port then all incoming traffic on specified Service is forwarded to LAN server without modifying Destination Port Ifyou select Forward to another port range then all incoming traffic received on the Service port or range of ports is forwarded to this port or range of ports of the LAN Server This field is disabled if action selected is Block Always Ifyou want to forward the traffic to a single port then enter port value in start port and leave finish port empty Ifyou want to forward the traffic to range of ports then enter non zero value in finish port and make sure that service record attached to this rule has range of ports and range is equal to that of forwarding ports For example if you select Service as HTTP TCP 80 LAN Server IP address as 192 168 15 10 and Forwarding port as 8080 then all traffic coming from internet on TCP 80 HTTP to this Router is redirected to TCP 8080 port of 192 168 15 10 e WAN Users These settings determine which packets are covered by the firewall rule based on their source WAN IP address Select the desired option Any All IP addresses are covered by this firewall rule Address range If this option is selected you must enter the Start and Finish fields Single address Enter the required address in the Start fields e Log This determines whether packets covered by this firewall rule are logged Select the desired ac
178. upports printing two pages on a single sheet of paper you can save paper and printer ink by selecting this feature About This Manual 1 3 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V This page intentionally left blank 202 10051 01 March 2005 About This Manual Chapter 2 Getting to Know Your NETGEAR Wireless Router NETGEAR WGR826V Wireless Routers provide connections for multiple computers to the Internet through an external broadband access device such as a cable modem or DSL modem that is normally intended for use by a single computer This chapter introduces the NETGEAR WGR826V 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter Package Contents The product package should contain the following items WGR826V 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter AC power adapter A Category 5 CATS Ethernet cable The Setup CD including This guide Application Notes and other helpful information Support Registration card If any of the parts are incorrect missing or damaged contact your NETGEAR dealer Keep the carton including the original packing materials in case you need to return the router for repair Getting to Know Your NETGEAR Wireless Router 2 1 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V The Front Panel The front of the WGR826V Wireless Router includes these st
179. ust be used because the standard employs half duplex radios radios capable of transmission or reception but not both simultaneously Unlike conventional wired Ethernet nodes a WLAN station cannot detect a collision while transmitting If a collision occurs the transmitting station will not receive an ACKnowledge packet from the intended receive station For this reason ACK packets have a higher priority than all other network traffic After completion of a data transmission the receive station will begin transmission of the ACK packet before any other node can begin transmitting a new data packet All other stations must wait a longer pseudo randomized period of time before transmitting If an ACK packet is not received the transmitting station will wait for a subsequent opportunity to retry transmission 4 Glossary 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V CSMA CD Carrier Sense Multiple Action Collision Detection A method of managing traffic and reducing noise on an Ethernet network A network device transmits data after detecting that a channel is available However if two devices transmit data simultaneously the sending devices detect a collision and retransmit after a random time delay DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol A utility that enables a server to dynamically assign IP addresses from a predefined list and limit their time of use so that they can
180. uter Housekeeping 6 5 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router with Phone Adapter WGR826V To restore settings from a backup file 1 Click Browse 2 Locate and select the previously saved backup file by default netgear cfg 3 Click Restore A window appears letting you know that the Router has been successfully restored to previous settings The Router will restart This will take about one minute IMPORTANT Do not try to go online turn off the Router shutdown the computer or do anything else to the Router until it finishes restarting When the Test light looks like a check mark stops blinking wait a few more seconds before doing anything with the Router 4 Close the message window To erase the current settings and reset the Router to the original factory default settings 1 Click Erase IMPORTANT Do not try to go online turn off the Router shutdown the computer or do anything else to the Router until the Router finishes restarting When the Test light looks like a check mark stops blinking wait a few more seconds before doing anything with the Router After you have erased the Router s current settings the Router s password will be password the LAN IP address will be 192 168 15 1 and the Router will act as a DHCP server on the LAN and act as a DHCP client to the Internet 6 6 Doing Basic Router Housekeeping 202 10051 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wire
181. with Phone Adapter WGR826V For the initial setup of your router you will need to connect a computer to the router This computer has to be set to automatically get its TCP IP configuration from the router via DHCP Note For help with DHCP configuration please use the Windows TCP IP Configuration Tutorials on the NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup CD or in this appendix Internet Configuration Requirements Depending on how your Internet service set up your account you may need one or more of these configuration parameters to connect your router to the Internet e Host and Domain Names e ISP Login Name and Password e ISP Domain Name Server DNS Addresses e Fixed IP Address which is also known as Static IP Address Where Do Get the Internet Configuration Parameters There are several ways you can gather the required Internet connection information e Your Internet service provides all the information needed to connect to the Internet If you cannot locate this information you can ask your Internet service to provide it or you can try one of the options below e Ifyou have a computer already connected using the Internet you can gather the configuration information from that computer For Windows 95 98 ME open the Network control panel select the TCP IP entry for the Ethernet adapter and click Properties Record all the settings for each tab page For Windows 2000 XP open the Local Area Network Connection select the TCP I

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