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Netgear ProSafe FVS124G User's Manual

1. Figure 9 3 Single IP Address Operation Using NAT B 8 Network Routing Firewall and Basics 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports This scheme offers the additional benefit of firewall like protection because the internal LAN addresses are not available to the Internet through the translated connection All incoming inquiries are filtered out by the router This filtering can prevent intruders from probing your system However using port forwarding you can allow one PC for example a Web server on your local network to be accessible to outside users MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol An IP address alone cannot be used to deliver data from one LAN device to another To send data between LAN devices you must convert the IP address of the destination device to its media access control MAC address Each device on an Ethernet network has a unique MAC address which is a 48 bit number assigned to each device by the manufacturer The technique that associates the IP address with a MAC address is known as address resolution Internet Protocol uses the Address Resolution Protocol ARP to resolve MAC addresses If a device sends data to another station on the network and the destination MAC address is not yet recorded ARP is used An ARP request is broadcast onto the network All stations on the network receive and read the request The d
2. The following situations exemplify the requirements for a remote PC client connected to the Internet with a dynamic IP address through a NAT router to establish a VPN tunnel with a gateway VPN firewall at the company office e Single gateway WAN port e Redundant dual gateway WAN ports for increased reliability before and after rollover e Dual gateway WAN ports used for load balancing VPN Telecommuter Single Gateway WAN Port Reference Case In the case of the single WAN port on the gateway VPN firewall Figure 3 16 the remote PC client at the NAT router initiates the VPN tunnel because the IP address of the remote NAT router is not known in advance The gateway WAN port must act as the responder 10 5 6 0 24 Telecommuter Example Single WAN Port Client B Gateway A NAT Router B WAN IP WAN IP 10 5 61 baroni e 0 0 0 0 EE VPN Router a a NAT Router atemployer s Fully Qualified Domain Names FQDN t telecommuters Remote PC main office optional for Fixed IP addresses home office running NETGEAR required for Dynamic IP addresses ProSafe VPN Client Figure 3 16 Single gateway WAN port case for VPN telecommuter The IP address of the gateway WAN port can be either fixed or dynamic If the IP address is dynamic a fully qualified domain name must be used If the IP address is fixed a fully qualified domain name is optional 3 12 Network Planning 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSaf
3. o TCP IP H Connect via Ethernet Setup Configure Using DHCP Server DHCP Client ID IP Address 192 168 0 2 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Router address 192 168 0 1 Search domains Name server addr 192 168 0 1 The panel is updated to show your settings which should match the values below if you are using the default TCP IP settings that NETGEAR recommends e The IP Address is between 192 168 0 2 and 192 168 0 254 e The Subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 e The Router address is 192 168 1 1 If you do not see these values you may need to restart your Macintosh or you may need to switch the Configure setting to a different option then back again to Using DHCP Server Preparing Your Network C 17 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet Account For broadband access to the Internet you need to contract with an Internet service provider ISP for a single user Internet access account using a cable modem or DSL modem This modem must be a separate physical box not a card and must provide an Ethernet port intended for connection to a Network Interface Card NIC in a computer Your firewall does not support a USB connected broadband modem For a single user Internet account your ISP supplies TCP IP configuration information
4. 12 VDC 1 2A 1 15 x 7 5 x 4 75 in 0 to 40 C 32 to 104 F 90 maximum relative humidity noncondensing FCC Part 15 Class B VCCI Class B EN 55 022 CISPR 22 Class B Technical Specifications A 1 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Interface Specifications LAN WAN 10BASE T or 1OOBASE Tx RJ 45 10BASE T or 1OOBASE Tx A 2 Technical Specifications 202 10085 01 March 2005 Appendix B Network Routing Firewall and Basics This chapter provides an overview of IP networks routing and networking Related Publications As you read this document you may be directed to various RFC documents for further information An RFC is a Request For Comment RFC published by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF an open organization that defines the architecture and operation of the Internet The RFC documents outline and define the standard protocols and procedures for the Internet The documents are listed on the World Wide Web at www ietf org and are mirrored and indexed at many other sites worldwide Basic Router Concepts Large amounts of bandwidth can be provided easily and relatively inexpensively in a local area network LAN However providing high bandwidth between a local network and the Internet can be very expensive Because of this expense Internet access is usually provided by a slower speed wi
5. VPN Wizard Step 1 of 3 Connection Name and Remote IP Type What is the new Connection Name tovs What is the pre shared key 123 45678 This YPN tunnel will connect to A remote VPN Gateway Aremote VPN client Back Next Cancel Figure 7 4 VPN Wizard start page Virtual Private Networking 7 5 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 5 Click Next 6 Enter the WAN IP address of the remote FVS124G 7 Click WANI to bind this connection to the WAN1 port VPN Wizard Step 2 of 3 Remote IP address or the Internet name What is the remote WAN s IP address or Internet name 0 1 1 150 Select the Local WAN Interface Back Next Cancel Figure 7 5 WAN IP address of remote FVS124G 8 Click Next 9 Enter the LAN IP address and subnet mask of the remote FVS 124G VPN Wizard Step 3 of 3 Secure Connection Remote Accessibility What is the remote LAN IP address and Subnet Mask IP Address 192 168 2 Jo Subnetmask 255 f255 255 d Back Next Cancel Figure 7 6 LAN IP address and subnet mask of remote FVS124G 10 Click Next 7 6 Virtual Private Networking 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 11 Click Done to create the to_fvs IKE and VPN policies In the IKE Policies menu the to_fvs IKE policy will appear in the ta
6. traffic from selected PCs that would otherwise be allowed by the firewall Table 6 1 Outbound Services Item Description Services Select the desired Service or application to be covered by this rule If the desired service or application does not appear in the list you must define it using the Services menu see Customized Services on page 6 16 Action Select the desired action for outgoing connections covered by this rule e BLOCK always BLOCK by schedule otherwise Allow e ALLOW always e ALLOW by schedule otherwise Block Note Any outbound traffic which is not blocked by rules you create will be allowed by the Default rule ALLOW tules are only useful if the traffic is already covered by a BLOCK rule That is you wish to allow a subset of traffic that is currently blocked by another rule Select Schedule Select the desired time schedule i e Schedule1 Schedule2 or Schedule3 that will be used by this rule e This drop down menu gets activated only when BLOCK by schedule otherwise Allow or ALLOW by schedule otherwise Block is selected as Action e Use schedule page to configure the time schedules see Using a Schedule to Block or Allow Specific Traffic on page 6 22 LAN users These settings determine which computers on your network are affected by this rule Select the desired options Any All PCs and devices on your LAN e Single address Enter the required addres
7. If your firewall is unable to access the Internet you should first determine whether the firewall is able to obtain a WAN IP address from the ISP Unless you have been assigned a static IP address your firewall must request an IP address from the ISP You can determine whether the request was successful using the Web Configuration Manager To check the WAN IP address 1 Launch your browser and select an external site such as www netgear com 2 Access the Main Menu of the firewall s configuration at hittp 192 168 1 1 3 Under the Management heading select Router Status 4 Check that an IP address is shown for the WAN Port If 0 0 0 0 is shown your firewall has not obtained an IP address from your ISP If your firewall is unable to obtain an IP address from the ISP you may need to force your cable or DSL modem to recognize your new firewall by performing the following procedure 1 Turn off power to the cable or DSL modem 2 Turn off power to your firewall 3 Wait five minutes and reapply power to the cable or DSL modem 4 When the modem s LEDs indicate that it has reacquired sync with the ISP reapply power to your firewall If your firewall is still unable to obtain an IP address from the ISP the problem may be one of the following e Your ISP may require a login program Ask your ISP whether they require PPP over Ethernet PPPoE or some other type of login e If your ISP requires a login you may have incorrectly se
8. Virtual Private Networking D 7 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports It is also important to make sure the addresses do not overlap or conflict That is each set of addresses should be separate and distinct Table 9 1 WAN Internet Public and LAN Internal Private Addressing Gateway LAN or WAN VPNC Example Address Gateway A LAN Private 10 5 6 1 Gateway A WAN Public 14 15 16 17 Gateway B LAN Private 22 23 24 25 Gateway B WAN Public 172 23 9 1 It will also be important to know the subnet mask of both gateway LAN Connections Use the worksheet in Appendix A to gather the necessary address and subnet mask information to aid in the configuration and troubleshooting process Table 9 2 Subnet Addressing LAN or WAN Interface Name Example Subnet Mask LAN Private Subnet Mask A 255 255 255 0 Gateway B LAN Private Subnet Mask B 255 255 255 0 Firewalls It is important to understand that many gateways are also firewalls VPN tunnels cannot function properly if firewall settings disallow all incoming traffic Please refer to the firewall instructions for both gateways to understand how to open specific protocols ports and addresses that you intend to allow Setting Up a VPN Tunnel Between Gateways A SA frequently called a tunnel is the set of information that allows two entities networks PCs routers firewa
9. e Warranty and Support Information Card If any of the parts are incorrect missing or damaged contact your NETGEAR dealer Keep the carton including the original packing materials in case you need to return the firewall for repair The Router s Front Panel The FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports front panel shown below contains the port connections status LEDs and the factory defaults reset button NETGEAR Prosafe Dual WAN VPN Gigabit Firewall MODEL FVS m PWR 100 100 mm SPEED ACTIVE ACTIVE 1 mm TEST mm LINK ACT mm LINK ACT mm LINK ACT WANI WAN2 PWR TEST Gigabit LAN LED LED Port LEDs WAN1 Port WAN2 Port LEDs LEDs Figure 2 1 FVS124G Front Panel You can use the LEDs to verify various conditions Table 2 1 lists and describes each object on the front panel of the firewall and its operation 2 6 Introduction 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Table 2 1 FVS124G front panel Object Activity Description PWR LED On Green Power is supplied to the firewall Off Power is not supplied to the firewall TEST LED On Amber Test mode The system is initializing or the initialization has failed Blinking Amber Writing to Flash memory during upgrading or resetting to defaults Off The system has booted successfully WAN Port Link Act LED LEDs On Green The WAN port has
10. Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports FVS124G NETGEAR NETGEAR Inc 4500 Great Am Santa Clar a CA eel as 202 10085 01 March 2005 202 10085 01 March 2005 2005 by NETGEAR Inc All rights reserved Trademarks NETGEAR is a trademark of Netgear Inc Microsoft Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design operational function and or reliability NETGEAR reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product s or circuit layout s described herein Federal Communications Commission FCC Compliance Notice Radio Frequency Notice This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a parti
11. on page 6 5 Port Triggering Port Triggering Rules Enable Name Outgoing Ports Incoming Ports Edit Delete Port Triggering Rule Name C Enable Disable Outgoing Trigger Port Range Start Port fo 1 65534 End Port o 1 65534 Incoming Response Port Range Start Port fo 1 65534 End Port fo 1 65534 Apply Cancel Port Triggering Status B i Rule LAN IP Address Open Ports Time Remaining Refresh Back Figure 6 17 Port Triggering screens Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 6 29 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Table 6 6 Port Triggering Item Description Port Triggering e Enable Indicates if the rule is enabled or disabled Generally there is no need to Rules disable a rule unless it interferes with some other function such as Port Forwarding Name The name for this rule Outgoing Ports The port or port range for outgoing traffic An outgoing connection using one of these ports will trigger this rule Incoming Ports The port or port range used by the remote system when it responds to the outgoing request A response using one of these ports will be forwarded to the PC which triggered this rule Adding a new Rule To add a new rule click the Add and enter the following data on the resulting screen Name enter a su
12. 13 Before leaving the My Identity menu click the Pre Shared Key button 7 16 Virtual Private Networking 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 14 Click Enter Key type your preshared key and click OK This key will be shared by all users of the FVS124G policy home INES Policy Editor NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client z z m xi File Edit Options Help allal tlel Network Security Policy L My Connections Mu Identity z S e n EET he GM oE Se Ap Other Con Enter Pre Shared Key at least 8 characters This key is used during Authentication Phase if the Authentication Method Proposal is Pre Shared key IP Addr 10 0 0 12 Figure 7 19 Pre shared key 15 In the left frame click on Security Policy Virtual Private Networking 7 17 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 16 Select Phase 1 Negotiation Mode Aggressive Mode PFS should be disabled and Replay Detection should be enabled N Security Policy Editor NETGEAR ProSafe PN Client Apa File Edit Options Help iB mal o x ta tl NETGEAR N Network Security Policy My Connections r Security Policy Bh to F Select Phase 1 Negotiation Mode G My Identity C Main Mode 5 a Security Policy GAT H E Authentication Phase 1 Aggressive Mode E amp Key E
13. 255 255 255 0 Gateway 0 0 0 0 Time Zone GMT Time Zone Adjust for Daylight Saving Time Enabled SNMP Disabled NETGEAR Related Products NETGEAR products related to the FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports are as follows FA311 10 100 PCI Adapter FA511 10 100 32 bit CardBus Adapter GA311 10 100 1000 PCI Adapter FVL328 ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318 ProSafe VPN Firewall 8 FVS338 ProSafe VPN Firewall 50 FVX538 ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FWGI114P ProSafe 802 11g Wireless Firewall with USB Print Server NMS100 ProSafe Network Management System VPNOIL and VPNOSL ProSafe VPN Client Software WG302 ProSafe 802 11g Access Point Introduction 2 11 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 2 12 Introduction 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Chapter 3 Network Planning This chapter describes the factors to consider when planning a network using a firewall that has dual WAN ports Overview of the Planning Process The areas that require planning when using a firewall that has dual WAN ports include e Inbound traffic e g port forwarding port triggering e Virtual private networks VPNs The two WAN ports can be configured on a mutually exclusive basis to either e roll over for increased reliability or e
14. 8 4 Router and Network Management 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e VPN tunnels Port Forwarding The firewall always blocks DoS Denial of Service attacks A DoS attack does not attempt to steal data or damage your PCs but overloads your Internet connection so you can not use it i e the service is unavailable You can also create additional firewall rules that are customized to block or allow specific traffic Note This feature is for Advanced Administrators only Incorrect configuration will cause serious problems You can control specific inbound traffic i e from WAN to LAN Inbound Services lists all existing rules for inbound traffic If you have not defined any rules only the default rule will be listed The default rule blocks all inbound traffic Each rule lets you specify the desired action for the connections covered by the rule e BLOCK always e BLOCK by schedule otherwise Allow e ALLOW always e ALLOW by schedule otherwise Block You can also enable a check on special rules e VPN Passthrough Enable this to pass the VPN traffic without any filtering specially used when this firewall is between two VPN tunnel end points e Drop fragmented IP packets Enable this to drop the fragmented IP packets e UDP Flooding Enable this to limit the number of UDP sessions created from one LAN machine e TCP Flooding Enable
15. I Others Trusted Domains Add Trusted Domain Allow these domains without any filtering Delete Trusted Domain Delete All Apply Cancel Figure 6 15 Block Sites menu Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 6 25 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Table 6 4 Block Sites Item Web Component Blocking Description Select Proxy Java ActiveX and Cookies to enable respective content filtering Example By enabling Java filtering java files will be blocked Note Keywords are always blocked To block keywords or Internet domains Select the Turn keyword blocking on check box Type a keyword or domain name in the Add Keyword box click Add Keyword button The word or domain name appears in the list below Any number of domain names and keywords can be added to the list To delete a keyword or domain name Select the word or domain name in the list click Delete Keyword button To delete all keywords Click Delete All button to delete all the Keywords from the list Groups Select the groups specified below the Apply Keyword blocking to tab to enable keyword blocking for those groups The Request from the PC s that are in the group for which Keyword filtering is enabled will undergo the Filtering process Otherwise the filtering does not apply See Managing Groups and Hosts on page 6 20 Trust
16. March 2005 Chapter 5 LAN Configuration This chapter describes how to configure the advanced features of your FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports These features can be found under the Advanced heading in the Main Menu of the browser interface e LAN Setup e Static Routes Using the LAN IP Setup Options The LAN IP Setup menu allows configuration of LAN IP services such as DHCP and RIP From the Main Menu of the browser interface under Advanced click on LAN IP Setup to view the LAN IP Setup menu shown below LAN Configuration 5 1 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports LAN IP Setup LAN TCPAP Setup IP Address IP Subnet Mask Multi Home LAN IPs Setup N an wm N n wn N w wn lil ul RIP Direction None RIP Version Disabled x Type of Authentication for RIP 2B 2M None MD5 DHCP DHCP Log C Disable DHCP Relay Relay Gateway r 5 A DHCP Server Starting IP Address fis2 fies fi 2 penne IP Address 192 1168 af 254 WINS S erer EO MO a Lease Time 43200 Seconds cancel Figure 5 1 LAN IP Setup menu Note Once you have completed the LAN IP setup all outbound traffic is allowed and all inbound traffic is discarded To change these traffic rules refer to Chapter 6 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering gt Confi
17. My Identity C Non secure E a Security Policy C Block Ds Other Connections r Remote Party Identity and Addressing ID Type any x IP Address fp ny ID 0 0 0 0 Protocol fan z Port jal zj i I Connect using Secure Gateway Tunnel IP Address fp 0 0 0 Figure 7 16 New connection named 4 Inthe Remote Party Identity section select ID Type of IP Subnet 5 Enter the LAN IP Subnet Address and Subnet Mask of the FVS124G s LAN 6 Select Connect using Secure Gateway Tunnel 7 Under ID Type select Domain Name and Gateway IP Address 7 14 Virtual Private Networking 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 8 For Domain Name enter fvs_local com and enter the WAN IP Address of the FVS124G N Security Policy Editor NETGEAR ProSafe PN Client a lol x File Edit Options Help iB Fo x ea tll NETGEAR h Network Security Policy Ey My Connections r Connection Security Bh to FV Secure I Only Connect Manually My Identity C Non secure E3 Security Policy C Block Ds Other Connections r Remote Party Identity and Addressing ID Type fir Subnet x Subnet 192 168 1 0 Mask 255 255 255 0 Protocol fai 7 Port a J IV Connect using Secure Gateway Tunnel 7 ID Type Domain Name z Gateway IP Address x fvz local com 10 0 0 11 Figure 7 17 Rem
18. The Service Name is not required by all ISPs If you connect using a login name and password then fill in the following Login Name Password Service Name Fixed or Static IP Address If you have a static IP address record the following information For example 169 254 141 148 could be a valid IP address Fixed or Static Internet IP Address Gateway IP Address Subnet Mask ISP DNS Server Addresses If you were given DNS server addresses fill in the following Primary DNS Server IP Address Secondary DNS Server IP Address Host and Domain Names Some ISPs use a specific host or domain name like CCA7324 A or home If you haven t been given host or domain names you can use the following examples as a guide e If your main e mail account with your ISP is aaa yyy com then use aaa as your host name Your ISP might call this your account user host computer or system name e If your ISP s mail server is mail xxx yyy com then use xxx yyy com as the domain name ISP Host Name ISP Domain Name Fully Qualified Domain Name Some organizations use a fully qualified domain name FQDN from a dynamic DNS service provider for their IP addresses Dynamic DSN Service Provider FQDN Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet 4 5 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Connecting the FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual
19. The device then responds with an echo reply Troubleshooting a TCP IP network is made very easy by using the ping utility in your PC or workstation Testing the LAN Path to Your Firewall You can ping the firewall from your PC to verify that the LAN path to your firewall is set up correctly To ping the firewall from a PC running Windows 95 or later 1 From the Windows toolbar click on the Start button and select Run 2 In the field provided type Ping followed by the IP address of the firewall as in this example ping 192 168 1 1 3 Click on OK You should see a message like this one Pinging lt IP address gt with 32 bytes of data If the path is working you see this message Reply from lt IP address gt bytes 32 time NN ms TTL xxx Troubleshooting 9 5 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports If the path is not working you see this message Request timed out If the path is not functioning correctly you could have one of the following problems e Wrong physical connections Make sure the LAN port LED is on If the LED is off follow the instructions in LAN or Internet Port LEDs Not On on page 9 2 Check that the corresponding Link LEDs are on for your network interface card and for the hub ports if any that are connected to your workstation and firewall e Wrong network configuration Verify that the Ethernet card driver so
20. addresses lInbound Services Service CU SEEME TCP UDP 7648 None 7 Action BLOCK by schedule otherwise allow Select Schedule Schedule 1 Send to LAN Server 192 ues fo a I Translate to i Port Number WAN Users Address Range stat 134 177 REE fa finish 134 177 EE 1254 Destination Address Any QoS Priority None ver v Log Ne roo cone Figure 6 4 Rule example videoconference from restricted addresses Inbound Rule Example One to One NAT Mapping This application note describes how to configure multi NAT to support multiple public IP addresses on one WAN interface of a NETGEAR FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports By creating an inbound rule we will configure the firewall to host an additional public IP addresses and associate this address with a web server on the LAN This procedure was developed and tested using e Netgear FVS124G VPN Firewall with version 1 0 firmware WAN IP address is 10 1 0 118 6 8 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports LAN IP address subnetis 192 168 1 1 255 255 255 0 e Web server PC on the firewall s LAN LAN IP address is 192 168 1 2 Access to Web server is simulated public IP address 10 1 0 52 IP Address Requirements If you arrange with your ISP to have more than one public IP ad
21. an IP address If you need the IP address of a Web FTP Mail or other Server on the Internet you can do a DNS lookup to find the IP address Display the Routing Table This operation will display the internal routing table This information is used by Technical Support and other staff who understand Routing Tables 8 28 Router and Network Management 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Table 8 1 Diagnostics Item Description Reboot the Router Use this button to perform a remote reboot restart You can use this if the Router seems to have become unstable or is not operating normally Note Rebooting will break any existing connections either to the Router such as this one or through the Router for example LAN users accessing the Internet However connections to the Internet will automatically be re established when possible Packet Trace Click Packet Trace button to Select the interface and start the packet capture on that interface Configuration File Management The configuration settings of the FVS124G VPN Firewall are stored within the firewall in a configuration file This file can be saved backed up to a user s PC retrieved restored from the user s PC or cleared to factory default settings You can also upgrade the firewall software with the latest version from Netgear From the
22. or if you defined an outbound rule to use a schedule you can set up a schedule for when blocking occurs or when access is restricted The firewall allows you to specify when blocking will be enforced by configuring the Schedule tab shown below 6 22 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Schedule Schedule 1 Schedule 2 Schedule 3 Schedule 1 Configuration Days I Every Day I Sunday Monday 7 Tuesday 7 Wednesday IZ Thursday I Friday Saturday Time of day M All Day Start Time fo Hour C Minute AM 7 End Time j Hour 2 9 Minute PM z Date Time GMT Greenwich Mean Time Edinburgh London I Automatically Adjust for Daylight Savings Time Use Default NTP Servers Use Custom NTP Servers Server 1 Name iP Address Server 2 NameliP Address Current Time 2004 12 03 20 13 39 Apply Cancel Figure 6 14 Schedule menu To invoke rules and block keywords or Internet domains based on a schedule select Every Day or select one or more days If you want to limit access completely for the selected days select All Day Otherwise if you want to limit access during certain times for the selected days type a Start Blocking time and an End Blocking time Note Note Enter the values as 24 hour time For example 10 30 am would be 10 hours and 30 minutes and 10 30 pm would
23. Deny Policies I Allow Policies I Content Filtering I Data Inspection W General Attacks I Unavailable Policies I Admin Login I Configuration Changes I Access Statistics I All Websites and news g oups visited Verbose mail Logs C Disable Enable Respond to Identd from SMTP Server E mail Server Address Return Mail Address Bend To Mal Acarese lt Enable emailing of logs I Authenticate with SMTP Server User Name Password C Disable Enable Syslog Server fr 4 Enable system logs SysLog Facility Local z Accumulate 64 messages before sending a log email Log Queue Length 64 entries Wait 24 hours before sending Log Threshold T A SERERA e Chere sending an email fe entries TW Accumulate 8 messages before sending an alert email Alert Queue Length Apply Cancel Figure 8 13 Logs and email screen 8 24 Router and Network Management 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Invoke the Firewall Log screen from Logs and Email screen 1 Logs Date Wed Dec 8 20 55 31 2004 Back ClearLog SendLog Figure 8 14 Firewall Log screen invoked from Logs and Email screen Router and Network Management 8 25 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports VPN Tunnels You can
24. Dual WAN Ports Restarting the Network Once you ve set up your computers to work with the firewall you must reset the network for the devices to be able to communicate correctly Restart any computer that is connected to the FVS124G VPN Firewall After configuring all of your computers for TCP IP networking and restarting them and connecting them to the local network of your FVS124G VPN Firewall you are ready to access and configure the firewall Preparing Your Network C 21 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports C 22 Preparing Your Network 202 10085 01 March 2005 Appendix D Virtual Private Networking There have been many improvements in the Internet including Quality of Service network performance and inexpensive technologies such as DSL But one of the most important advances has been in Virtual Private Networking VPN Internet Protocol security IPSec IPSec is one of the most complete secure and commercially available standards based protocols developed for transporting data What is a VPN A VPN is a shared network where private data is segmented from other traffic so that only the intended recipient has access The term VPN was originally used to describe a secure connection over the Internet Today however VPN is also used to describe private networks such as Frame Relay Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM and Multiproto
25. Enter a value for the pre shared key Virtual Private Networking 202 10085 01 March 2005 7 9 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 4 Select a remote VPN gateway VPN Wizard Step 1 of 3 Connection Name and Remote IP Type What is the new Connection Name Jto_fvx What is the pre shared key 12345 678 This VPN tunnel will connect to 7 A remote VPN Gateway C A remote VPN client Back Next Cancel Figure 7 11 VPN Wizard start page 5 Click Next Enter the WAN IP address of the remote FVX538 VPN Wizard Step 2 of 3 Remote IP address or the Internet name What is the remote WAN s IP address or Internet name fi 0 1 0 118 Back Next Cancel Figure 7 12 WAN IP address of remote FVX538 7 Click Next 7 10 Virtual Private Networking 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 8 Enter the LAN IP address and subnet mask of the remote FVX538 PN Wizard ep 3 of 3 Secure Connection Remote Accessibility What is the remote LAN IP address and Subnet Mask IP Address 92 168 id 0 Subnet Mask 255 255 J255 10 Back Next Cancel Figure 7 13 LAN IP address and subnet mask of remote FVX538 9 Click Next 10 Click Done to create the to_fvx IKE and VPN policies Testing the Connection 1 From a PC on either firewall s LAN try to ping
26. Inthe Alert Queue Length box set the alerts queue length Click Apply to have your changes take effect Syslog You can configure the firewall to send system logs to an external PC that is running a syslog logging program Enter the IP address of the logging PC and click the Enable Syslog checkbox Logging programs are available for Windows Macintosh and Linux computers Viewing Logs of Web Access or Attempted Web Access The firewall will log security related events such as denied incoming and outgoing service requests hacker probes and administrator logins e Ifyou enable content filtering in the Block Sites menu the Log page will also show you when someone on your network tried to access a blocked site e If you enabled e mail notification you ll receive these logs in an e mail message e If you don t have e mail notification enabled you can view the logs here An example is shown in Figure 6 19 Log entries are described in Table 6 7 and log action buttons are described in Table 6 8 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 6 33 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Log Logs ae Date Wed Dec 8 20 55 31 2004 Ciewios a Log Identifier FYxX538 Include in log Include in Alerts IV System Error Messages 7 SYN Flood IV Deny Policies I Ping of Death I Allow Policies T IP Spoofing I Content Filtering W Login Failure g I Da
27. Introduction 2 9 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports F NetGear Business Router Microsoft Internet Explorer loj xj Ble Edt wew Favortes Toos Help o B Hek e OA Al Aah GFavoes Pud Gl awe Sl bi Address E http 192 168 1 1 v CG Urs al NETGEAR Configuration Manager User Name Password Login Reset Figure 2 4 Login screen on the Web browser Note Read only access is provided by logging in as username guest and default password password Default Factory Settings When you first receive your FVS124G the default factory settings will be set as shown in Table 2 1 below You can restore these defaults with the Factory Defaults restore switch on the front panel see The Router s Front Panel on page 2 6 e Pressing this switch until the TEST LED blinks approximately 10 seconds causes the firewall to restore all factory default settings and reboot e A shorter press and release causes the firewall to merely reboot 2 10 Introduction 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Table 2 1 Factory Default Settings Feature Default User Name case sensitive admin Password case sensitive password Built in DHCP server DHCP server is enabled issues addresses in the default subnet IP Configuration IP Address 192 168 1 1 Subnet Mask
28. LAN and Dual WAN Ports Table 9 2 Netmask Formats 255 255 255 0 24 255 255 255 128 25 255 255 255 192 26 255 255 255 224 27 255 255 255 240 28 255 255 255 248 29 255 255 255 252 30 255 255 255 254 31 255 255 255 255 32 Configure all hosts on a LAN segment to use the same netmask for the following reasons e So that hosts recognize local IP broadcast packets When a device broadcasts to its segment neighbors it uses a destination address of the local network address with all ones for the host address In order for this scheme to work all devices on the segment must agree on which bits comprise the host address e So that a local router or bridge recognizes which addresses are local and which are remote Private IP Addresses If your local network is isolated from the Internet for example when using NAT you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems However the ANA has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks 10 0 0 0 10 255 255 255 VIZ 6000 72316255259 192 L68404 012 L925 768 255 255 Choose your private network number from this range The DHCP server of the FVS124G VPN Firewall is preconfigured to automatically assign private addresses Regardless of your particular situation do not create an arbitrary IP address always follow the guidelines explained here For more information about address assignment refer to RFC 1597 Address Allocati
29. Main Menu of the browser interface under the Management heading select the Settings Backup heading to bring up the menu shown below Settings Backup Save a copy of current settings Restore saved settings from file Browse Be careful how you use these Revert to factory default settings Figure 8 18 Settings Backup menu The options are described in the following sections Router and Network Management 8 29 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Restoring and Backing Up the Configuration IMPORTANT Once you start restoring settings or erasing the router do NOT try to go online turn off the router shutdown the computer or do anything else to the router until it finishes restarting This should only take a minute or so When the Test light turns off wait a few more seconds before doing anything with the router The Restore and Backup options in the Settings Backup menu allow you to save and retrieve a file containing your firewall s configuration settings e To save your settings select the Backup tab Click the Backup button Your browser will extract the configuration file from the firewall and will prompt you for a location on your PC to store the file You can give the file a meaningful name at this time such as pacbell cfg e To restore your settings from a saved configuration file enter the full path to the file on
30. Me PN ANG rari a rete Ea 7 12 Gonigunng the YPN OIGO sinomiireiun iaaa a AANA 7 12 Testing Ne COMEC ON synska onnmiagtesssavcenesanaunes 7 20 Chapter 8 Router and Network Management Fonoimance Momoi sraa 8 1 Ban Capaci pensi AE E teen iorimaedeaipiee 8 1 VPN Firewall Features That Reduce Traffic cccccceceeseecceeeeeseeceeeeeeeeeeseeeneeeeeees 8 2 POI BIOCRINO iseinean a a r r A 8 2 BOCE S cciamiininiiir een iN OMA RE 8 4 OCC MAG ASIN ararsan um msaieantaniddemacieets 8 4 VPN Firewall Features That Increase Traffic ccccccccceeceeecceceeseeeeceeeeseeeceeeereneeee 8 4 FEUD ra PON NUNN EAE E TE A A A E 8 5 POLUO OIN ann a 8 6 VPN TODE S orana aaa N a AE 8 7 Umg Q05 to Shin me Trame MIX vrnusotrsnronrisinnanai na a a en aied 8 7 Tools Tor TRAME MANAGE MEIN serosoa aOR 8 7 Administrator and Guest Access Authorization 0 cccceececeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeecaeeseeeeeessaaeeeeaes 8 8 Changing the Passwords and Login Timeout cecccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeecaeteeeeeeseeaeeeteneees 8 8 Enabling Remote Management ACCESS cic ciostcieccsseressiiosetomcnonveuiuohrnemcnonente 8 9 Command Line NTN CS murinis i i 8 10 Evan POE aeaa aes ee 8 11 WAN POR ROOT OF spunanisansnsna a a a aaa 8 11 TSS REAGE riras inania da aaan aaa SSE A 8 11 Logini Failures and ATTACKS sccirrecsisiinnisdnia iiaia 8 12 O a A saseawanekoaabing paeaeitee Sermunnaapeieuaiea aaa 8 14 Viewing VPN Firewall Status and Time Information cccecceeeeeeeese
31. Notification ECN to IP January 1999 e RFC 2408 D Maughan M Schertler M Schneider J Turner Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol ISAKMP e RFC 2409 D Harkins D Carrel Internet Key Exchange IKE protocol e RFC 2401 S Kent R Atkinson Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol D 12 Virtual Private Networking 202 10085 01 March 2005 Glossary List of Glossary Terms Use the list below to find definitions for technical terms used in this manual Numeric 10BASE T IEEE 802 3 specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over twisted pair wiring 100BASE Tx IEEE 802 3 specification for 100 Mbps Ethernet over twisted pair wiring 802 1x 802 1x defines port based network access control used to provide authenticated network access and automated data encryption key management The IEEE 802 1x draft standard offers an effective framework for authenticating and controlling user traffic to a protected network as well as dynamically varying encryption keys 802 1x uses a protocol called EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol and supports multiple authentication methods such as token cards Kerberos one time passwords certificates and public key authentication For details on EAP specifically refer to IETF s RFC 2284 802 11a IEEE specification for wireless networking at 54 Mbps operating in unlicensed radio bands over 5GHz 802 11b IEEE specification for wir
32. The dividing point may vary depending on the address range and the application There are five standard classes of IP addresses These address classes have different ways of determining the network and host sections of the address allowing for different numbers of hosts on a network Each address type begins with a unique bit pattern which is used by the TCP IP software to identify the address class After the address class has been determined the software can correctly identify the host section of the address The follow figure shows the three main address classes including network and host sections of the address for each address type Class A Network Node Class B Network Node Class C Network Node Figure 9 1 Three Main Address Classes The five address classes are e Class A Class A addresses can have up to 16 777 214 hosts on a single network They use an eight bit network number and a 24 bit node number Class A addresses are in this range E aa a EO U12 6 Xe eX e Class B Class B addresses can have up to 65 354 hosts on a network A Class B address uses a 16 bit network number and a 16 bit node number Class B addresses are in this range Network Routing Firewall and Basics B 3 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 128 J6x x to 191 254 x x e Class C Class C addresses can
33. and Devices The Attached Devices menu contains a table of all IP devices that the firewall has discovered on the local network From the Main Menu of the browser interface under the Security heading select Groups and Hosts to view the table shown below 8 20 Router and Network Management 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Network Database Known PCs and Devices Name IP Address MAC Address Group C Eng temp 192 168 1 2 00 08 02 11 28 31 default Add Edit Delete Apply Cancel Refresh Edit Group Names Figure 8 10 Network Database screen The Network Database is an automatically maintained list of all known PCs and network devices PCs and devices become known by the following methods e DHCP Client Requests By default the DHCP server in this Router is enabled and will accept and respond to DHCP client requests from PCs and other network devices These requests also generate an entry in the Network Database Because of this leaving the DHCP Server feature on the LAN screen enabled is strongly recommended e Scanning the Network The local network is scanned using standard methods such as arp This will detect active devices which are not DHCP clients However sometimes the name of the PC or device cannot be accurately determined and will be shown as Unknown The Known PCs and Devices table lists all current entries i
34. configured for rollover Traffic Limits Reached Figure 8 3 shows the Internet Traffic screen that is invoked by clicking Internet Traffic under WAN Setup on the Main Menu bar The WAN1 and WAN2 ports are programmed separately A WAN port shuts down once its traffic limit is reached when this feature is enabled Router and Network Management 8 11 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Traffic Meter WANT i Internet Traffic Meter I Enable Traffic Meter No limit C Download only Both Directions Monthly Limit i MBytes I Increase this month s limit by MBytes This month s limit MBytes Traffic counter Restart traffic counter atl x am x on the 7 day of each month I Send E mail Report before restarting counter Restart Counter Now When Limit is reached Block all traffic Block all traffic except E mail IT Send E mail alert Internet Traffic Statistics Start Date Time 00 00 00 00 00 00 Outgoing Traffic Volume MBytes Incoming Traffic Volume MBytes Total Traffic Volume MBytes Average per day of Standard Limit of this Month s Limit Traffic by Protocol Apply Cancel Figure 8 3 Traffic Limit Reached alert Login Failures and Attacks Each WAN port is programmed separately WAN port shuts down once the traffic limit is reached An email alert can be sent when this sh
35. configured on the WAN ISP pages see Step 3 Configure the Internet Connections to Your ISPs Required on page 4 8 Public DNS Server tThe user is also given an option to enter any Public DNS server DNS queries are sent to this server through the WAN interface being monitored 4 16 Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e Test Period DNS query is sent periodically after every test period The minimum test period is 30 seconds e Maximum Failures The WAN interface is considered down after the configured number of DNS queries have failed to elicit a DNS reply from the configured DNS server The minimum number of failed DNS queries is four The rollover link is brought up after this The minimum time to roll over after the primary WAN interface fails is two minutes i e 30 second minimum test period times a minimum of four tests 2 Once a rollover occurs an alert will be generated see Getting E Mail Notifications of Event Logs and Alerts on page 6 30 You should then get the failed WAN interface restored and then force traffic back on the original primary WAN interface by reapplying the WAN Mode menu shown in Figure 4 6 Load Balancing and Protocol Binding Setup Perform the following steps to configure the dual WAN ports for load balancing and protocol binding on outbound traffic 1 Sel
36. for one computer With a typical account much of the configuration information is dynamically assigned when your PC is first booted up while connected to the ISP and you will not need to know that dynamic information In order to share the Internet connection among several computers your firewall takes the place of the single PC and you need to configure it with the TCP IP information that the single PC would normally use When the firewall s Internet port is connected to the broadband modem the firewall appears to be a single PC to the ISP The firewall then allows the PCs on the local network to masquerade as the single PC to access the Internet through the broadband modem The method used by the firewall to accomplish this is called Network Address Translation NAT or IP masquerading Are Login Protocols Used Some ISPs require a special login protocol in which you must enter a login name and password in order to access the Internet If you normally log in to your Internet account by running a program such as WinPOET or EnterNet then your account uses PPP over Ethernet PPPoE When you configure your router you will need to enter your login name and password in the router s configuration menus After your network and firewall are configured the firewall will perform the login task when needed and you will no longer need to run the login program from your PC It is not necessary to uninstall the login program What Is Your Confi
37. gain access ARP Address Resolution Protocol a TCP IP protocol used to convert an IP address into a physical address called a DLC address such as an Ethernet address A host wishing to obtain a physical address broadcasts an ARP request onto the TCP IP network The host on the network that has the IP address in the request then replies with its physical hardware address There is also Reverse ARP RARP which can be used by a host to discover its IP address In this case the host broadcasts its physical address and a RARP server replies with the host s IP address Auto Uplink Auto Uplink technology also called MDI MDIX eliminates the need to worry about crossover vs straight through Ethernet cables Auto Uplink will accommodate either type of cable to make the right connection B Bandwidth The information capacity measured in bits per second that a channel could transmit Bandwidth examples include 10 Mbps for Ethernet 100 Mbps for Fast Ethernet and 1000 Mbps I Gbps for Gigabit Ethernet Baud The signaling rate of a line that is the number of transitions voltage or frequency changes made per second Also known as line speed 2 Glossary 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Broadcast A packet sent to all devices on a network C Class of Service A term to describe treating different types of traffic with different levels of
38. have 254 hosts on a network Class C addresses use 24 bits for the network address and eight bits for the node They are in this range 192 0 1 x to 223 255 254 x e Class D Class D addresses are used for multicasts messages sent to many hosts Class D addresses are in this range 26420 0 0 E0239 255252 e Class E Class E addresses are for experimental use This addressing structure allows IP addresses to uniquely identify each physical network and each node on each physical network For each unique value of the network portion of the address the base address of the range host address of all zeros is known as the network address and is not usually assigned to a host Also the top address of the range host address of all ones is not assigned but is used as the broadcast address for simultaneously sending a packet to all hosts with the same network address Netmask In each of the address classes previously described the size of the two parts network address and host address is implied by the class This partitioning scheme can also be expressed by a netmask associated with the IP address A netmask is a 32 bit quantity that when logically combined using an AND operator with an IP address yields the network address For instance the netmasks for Class A B and C addresses are 255 0 0 0 255 255 0 0 and 255 255 255 0 respectively For example the address 192 168 170 237 is a Class C IP address whose network portion is th
39. manager The SNMP system configuration lets you change the system variables for MIB2 e Diagnostic functions The firewall incorporates built in diagnostic functions such as Ping Trace Route DNS lookup and remote reboot e Remote management The firewall allows you to login to the Web Management Interface from a remote location on the Internet For security you can limit remote management access to a specified remote IP address or range of addresses and you can choose a nonstandard port number e Visual monitoring The FVS124G VPN Firewall s front panel LEDs provide an easy way to monitor its status and activity Maintenance and Support NETGEAR offers the following features to help you maximize your use of the FVS124G VPN Firewall e Flash memory for firmware upgrade e Free technical support seven days a week twenty four hours a day Package Contents The product package should contain the following items e FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e AC power adapter varies by region e Rubber feet e Category 5 Cat 5 Ethernet cable Introduction 2 5 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e Resource CD for ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports including This guide Application Notes and other helpful information ProSafe VPN Client Software single user license
40. manually select the port speed If you know that the Ethernet port on your broadband modem supports 100BaseT select 100M otherwise select 10M Use the half duplex settings unless you are sure you need full duplex Uplink Bandwidth Set Uplink Bandwidth as per your requirements You need to select a value between 28 kbps to 100 Mbps that represents the maximum speed of your upstream outbound connection If you are unsure leave it at the default value of 102 400 kbps It will depend on your WAN connection type and ISP Router s MAC Address Each computer or router on your network has a unique 32 bit local Ethernet address This is also referred to as the computer s MAC Media Access Control address Usually select Use default address If your ISP requires MAC authentication then select either Use this Computer s MAC address to have the router use the MAC address of the computer you are now using or Use This MAC Address to manually type in the MAC address that your ISP expects The format for the MAC address is XX XX XX XX XX XX If you select Use This MAC Address and type in a MAC address do not then select Use this Computer s MAC address or your entry will be overwritten Note Respond To Ping On Internet Port If you want the router to respond to a Ping from the Internet see the Respond To Ping On Internet Port checkbox on the Rules menu Figure 6 1 on page 6 2 4 24 Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet 202 10085 01
41. multiple SAs to enable multiple secure VPNs as well as define SAs within the VPN to support different departments and business partners D 4 Virtual Private Networking 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Mode SAs operate using modes A mode is the method in which the IPSec protocol is applied to the packet IPSec can be used in tunnel mode or transport mode Typically the tunnel mode is used for gateway to gateway IPSec tunnel protection while transport mode is used for host to host IPSec tunnel protection A gateway is a device that monitors and manages incoming and outgoing network traffic and routes the traffic accordingly A host is a device that sends and receives network traffic Transport Mode The transport mode IPSec implementation encapsulates only the packet s payload The IP header is not changed After the packet is processed with IPSec the new IP packet contains the old IP header with the source and destination IP addresses unchanged and the processed packet payload Transport mode does not shield the information in the IP header therefore an attacker can learn where the packet is coming from and where it is going to The previous packet diagrams show a packet in transport mode Tunnel Mode The tunnel mode IPSec implementation encapsulates the entire IP packet The entire packet becomes the payload of the packet that is processed with IPS
42. option For example tracert yourFVS124G mynetgear net and you will see the IP address your ISP assigned to the FVS124G Command Line Interface Note The command line interface is not supported at this time Check the Netgear Web site for the latest status 8 10 Router and Network Management 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports You can access the command line interface CLI either by using telnet or by connecting a terminal to the console port on the front of the unit To access the CLI from a communications terminal when the FVS124G VPN Firewall is still set to its factory defaults or use your own settings if you have changed them do the following 1 From the command line prompt enter the following command telnet 192 168 1 1 2 Enter admin and password when prompted for the login and password information or enter guest and password to log in as a read only guest Note No password protection exists when using the console port to access the unit Any configuration changes made via the CLI are not preserved after a reboot or power cycle unless the user issues the CLI save command after making the changes Event Alerts You can be alerted to important events such as WAN port rollover WAN traffic limits reached and login failures and attacks WAN Port Rollover You can request an email alert when the WAN port rolls over if the WAN mode is
43. or device cannot be accurately determined and will be shown as Unknown Advantages of the Network Database are as follows e Generally you do not need to enter either IP address or MAC addresses Instead you can just select the desired PC or device e No need to reserve an IP address for a PC in the DHCP Server All IP address assignments made by the DHCP Server will be maintained until the PC or device is removed from the database either by expiry inactive for a long time or by you e No need to use a Fixed IP on PCs Because the address allocated by the DHCP Server will never change you don t need to assign a fixed IP to a PC to ensure it always has the same IP address e MAC level Control over PCs The Network Database uses the MAC address to identify each PC or device So changing a PC s IP address does not affect any restrictions on that PC e Group and Individual Control over PCs You can assign PCs to Groups and apply restrictions to each Group using the Firewall Rules screen see Services Based Rules on page 6 4 You can also select the Groups to be covered by the Block Sites feature see Block Sites on page 6 24 If necessary you can also create Firewall Rules to apply to a single PC see Source MAC Filtering on page 6 27 Because the MAC address is used to identify each PC users cannot avoid these restrictions by changing their IP address 6 20 Firewall Protection and Content Filter
44. or server that is available to anyone on the Internet for services that you haven t defined To expose one of the PCs on your LAN as this host do the following see Figure 6 7 1 Create an inbound rule that allows all protocols 2 Place the rule below all other inbound rules Note For security NETGEAR strongly recommends that you avoid creating an exposed host When a computer is designated as the exposed host it loses much of the protection of the firewall and is exposed to many exploits from the Internet If compromised the computer can be used to attack your network Rules LAN WAN x Outbound Services Enable Service Name Action LAN Users WAN Servers Priority Log Default Yes Any ALLOW always 7 Any Any None Never a Edit Move Delete Inbound Services Enable Service Name Action LAN Server IP address WAN Users Destination Priority Log o 4 Vv HTTP BLOCK by schedule otherwise allow 192 168 0 15 Any WAN1 None Never 2 W IALL protocols Any Port ALLOW Always 192 168 0 50 Any WAN1 None Never J BLOCK always Any Any None Always fe _Add Edit Move Delete L7 1 Select All protocols and ALLOW Always or Allow by Schedule 2 Place rule below all other inbound rules Figure 6 7 Rule example exposed host Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 6 11 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Con
45. reach a DHCP server These auto generated addresses are in the range of 169 254 x x If your IP address is in this range check the connection from the PC to the firewall and reboot your PC If your firewall s IP address has been changed and you don t know the current IP address clear the firewall s configuration to factory defaults This will set the firewall s IP address to 192 168 1 1 This procedure is explained in Restoring the Default Configuration and Password on page 9 7 Make sure your browser has Java JavaScript or ActiveX enabled If you are using Internet Explorer click Refresh to be sure the Java applet is loaded Try quitting the browser and launching it again Make sure you are using the correct login information The factory default login name is admin and the password is password Make sure that CAPS LOCK is off when entering this information If the firewall does not save changes you have made in the Web Configuration Interface check the following When entering configuration settings be sure to click the APPLY button before moving to another menu or tab or your changes are lost Click the Refresh or Reload button in the Web browser The changes may have occurred but the Web browser may be caching the old configuration Troubleshooting 9 3 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Troubleshooting the ISP Connection
46. service priority Higher priority traffic gets faster treatment during times of switch congestion CA A Certificate Authority is a trusted third party organization or company that issues digital certificates used to create digital signatures and public private key pairs Cat 5 Category 5 unshielded twisted pair UTP cabling An Ethernet network operating at 10 Mbits second 1OBASE T will often tolerate low quality cables but at 100 Mbits second LOBASE Tx the cable must be rated as Category 5 or Cat 5 or Cat V by the Electronic Industry Association EIA This rating will be printed on the cable jacket Cat 5 cable contains eight conductors arranged in four twisted pairs and terminated with an RJ45 type connector In addition there are restrictions on maximum cable length for both 10 and 100 Mbits second networks Certificate Authority A Certificate Authority is a trusted third party organization or company that issues digital certificates used to create digital signatures and public private key pairs The role of the CA in this process is to guarantee that the individual granted the unique certificate is in fact who he or she claims to be Usually this means that the CA has an arrangement with a financial institution such as a credit card company which provides it with information to confirm an individual s claimed identity CAs are a critical component in data security and electronic commerce because they guarantee that the two parti
47. the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Inbound TRING csicsorsiiai Wy once cally aaa dilere Vv emadehity anauentied toadsna ieneeebiaaeasmebuemeaeniel 3 3 Inbound Traffic to Single WAN Port Reference Case ccccceeeeeteestteeeteeeees 3 3 Inbound Traffic to Dual WAN Port Systems ccsissctsccccsessecccsssccetesessusstetnessdceeseceennscacts 3 3 Inbound Traffic Dual WAN Ports for Improved Reliability 1 0 0 3 4 Inbound Traffic Dual WAN Ports for Load Balancing e 3 4 Virtual Private Neiworks VPING ssctccccssascvenereatprcccssiastvadstessseheceuaetvcaiasiinet eatin nandasinets 3 5 VPN Road Warrior Clientto Gateway sess scvrecessssssesidsaacteeeseatdins oenas 3 6 VPN Road Warrior Single Gateway WAN Port Reference Case 08 3 6 VPN Road Warrior Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Improved Reliability 3 7 VPN Road Warrior Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Load Balancing 3 8 YPN Cheaters FTI casi ccascedineasetasabiata tac donaciabiegackabaradegivmlaloaitiarnadab TASAA 3 9 VPN Gateway to Gateway Single Gateway WAN Ports Reference Case 3 9 VPN Gateway to Gateway Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Improved Reliability 3 10 VPN Gateway to Gateway Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Load Balancing 3 11 VPN Telecommuter Client to Gateway Through a NAT Router oee 3 12 VPN Telecommuter Single Gateway WAN Port Reference Case 3 12 VPN Telecommuter Dual Gateway WAN Por
48. view the status of the VPN tunnels VPN StatusiLog ceerteg ensa IPSec Connection Status Policy Name Endpoint Tx KBytes State Action f Phase I Idle Phase II Oo test 24 25 26 27 0 Idle Connect Close Window Figure 8 15 VPN Status Log and IPSec Connection Status screens Table 8 1 VPN Status data Item Description Policy Name The name of the VPN policy associated with this SA Endpoint The IP address on the remote VPN Endpoint Tx KBytes The amount of data transmitted over this SA 8 26 Router and Network Management 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Table 8 1 VPN Status data Item Description State The current status of the SA Phase 1 is Authentication phase and Phase 2 is Key Exchange phase Action Use this button to terminate build the SA connection if required SNMP SNMP lets you monitor and manage log resources from an SNMP compliant system manager SNMP system configuration lets you change the system variables for MIB2 SNMP Configuration IP Address Netmask Pot Community Delete System Info_ SNMP Manager Configuration SNMP SysConfiguration IP Address syscontact SysLocation SysName Netmask ae Santa Clara USA Netgear SNMP Agent nc Port T Community n Figure 8 16 SNMP Configuration screens Diagnos
49. your PC or click the Browse button to browse to the file When you have located it click the Restore button to send the file to the firewall The firewall will then reboot automatically An Alert page appears showing the status of restore operation You need to manually restart the router to make the restored settings effective IMPORTANT Do not try to go online turn off the router shutdown the computer or do anything else to the router until it finishes restarting When the Test light turns off wait a few more seconds before doing anything with the router Upgrading the Firewall Software The routing software of the FVS124G VPN Firewall is stored in FLASH memory and can be upgraded as new software is released by NETGEAR Upgrade files can be downloaded from Netgear s website If the upgrade file is compressed ZIP file you must first extract the binary TRX file before sending it to the firewall The upgrade file can be sent to the firewall using your browser Note The Web browser used to upload new firmware into the FVS124G VPN Firewall must support HTTP uploads NETGEAR recommends using Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator 3 0 or above From the Main Menu of the browser interface under the Management heading select the Router Upgrade heading to display the menu shown below 8 30 Router and Network Management 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dua
50. 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Schedule Schedule 1 Schedule 2 C Schedule 3 Schedule 1 Configuration Days IM Every Day I Sunday Monday I Tuesday I Wednesday IZ Thursday I Friday Saturday Time of day M All Day Start Time fo Hour C Minute AM z End Time fi 1 Hour 5 9 Minute PM z Date Time GMD Greenwich Mean Time Edinburgh London Use Default NTP Servers enable for daylight C Use Custom NTP Servers savings time Server 1 Name IP Address j netgear corr Server 2 NameliP Address Apply Cancel Figure 8 6 Time information on the Schedule screen If supported for your region you can check Automatically adjust for Daylight Savings Time Router and Network Management 8 17 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Table 8 1 Current date and time Item Description Use Default NTP If enabled the system clock is updated regularly by contacting a Default Netgear Servers Network NTP Server on the Internet Time Protocol Use Custom NTP If you prefer to use a particular NTP server enable this and enter the name or IP Servers address of an NTP Server in the Server 1 Name IP Address field If required you can also enter the address of another NTP server in the Server 2 Name IP Address field If you select this option and leave eith
51. 3 This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution Jean loup Gailly jloup gzip org Mark Adler madler alumni caltech edu The data format used by the zlib library is described by RFCs Request for Comments 1950 to 1952 in the files ftp ds internic net rfc rfc1950 txt zlib format rfc1951 txt deflate format and rfc1952 txt gzip format 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Product and Publication Details Model Number Publication Date Product Family Product Name Home or Business Product Language Publication Part Number FVS124G March 2005 Router FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Business English 202 10085 01 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Contents Chapter 1 About This Manual Audience Scope Conventions and Formats cccccccccessseeeeeeeescneeeeescseeeeeeenssteeeeenenea 1 1 How Se THE Manual apra a a a a a aA 1 2 How io Fim mis MADOR aryen aas aae iaaa SNAS AS S AS 1 3 Chapter 2 Introduction Koy Foaures ol ihe VPN Firowall sesunireinebreeiininiinr 2 1 Dual WAN Ports for Increased Reliability or Outbound Load Balancing 2 2 A Powerful True Firewall with Content Filtering ccccccessseeceeeessseeeeeeesesteeeeenens 2 2 SEC erni E n
52. 5 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 3 Key 1 RJ 45 plug 2 Category 5 UTP patch cable Figure B 3 Category 5 UTP Cable with Male RJ 45 Plug at Each End Note Flat silver satin telephone cable may have the same RJ 45 plug However using telephone cable results in excessive collisions causing the attached port to be partitioned or disconnected from the network Uplink Switches Crossover Cables and MDI MDIX Switching In the wiring table above the concept of transmit and receive are from the perspective of the PC which is wired as Media Dependant Interface MDI In this wiring the PC transmits on pins 1 and 2 At the hub the perspective is reversed and the hub receives on pins 1 and 2 This wiring is referred to as Media Dependant Interface Crossover MDI X When connecting a PC to a PC or a hub port to another hub port the transmit pair must be exchanged with the receive pair This exchange is done by one of two mechanisms Most hubs provide an Uplink switch which will exchange the pairs on one port allowing that port to be connected to another hub using a normal Ethernet cable The second method is to use a crossover cable which is a special cable in which the transmit and receive pairs are exchanged at one of the two cable connectors Crossover cables are often unmarked as such and must be identified by comparing the two connectors Since th
53. 55 255 0 Disabled Enabled Edit Move Delete Apply Cancel VPN Client Policies Policy Table Enable Name Type Local _Edit Delete Apply Cancel Figure 7 9 FVX538 VPN Policies screen 7 8 202 10085 01 March 2005 Virtual Private Networking Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 14 You can view the VPN parameters by selecting to_fvs and clicking Edit It should not be necessary to make any changes VPN Auto Policy General Policy Name IKE policy Remote VPN Endpoint SA Life Time I IPSec PFS Traffic Selector Local IP Remote IP AH Configuration T Enable Authentication ESP Configuration M Enable Encryption M Enable Authentication to_fvs es z Address Type iPAddess H Address Data 10 11150 86400 Seconds 0 Kybtes PFS Key Group he Subnet address z Stat IP address 192 168 1 Oo fo Finish IP address Subnetmask 255 i fess lz fo fo Subnet address z Start IP address 192 bss E Finish IP address 0 0 Subnet Mask 255 255 j25S Authentication Algorithm SHA 1 Y Encryption Algorithm 3DES AES Key Length Authentication Algorithm SHA 1 Back Apply Cancel Figure 7 10 FVX538 to FVS124G VPN screen Configuring the FVS124G 1 Select the VPN Wizard 2 Give the client connection a name such as to_fvx 3
54. Dynamic IP addresses ProSafe VPN Client Remote PC must re establish VPN tunnel after a rollover Figure 3 10 Dual gateway WAN ports after rollover for VPN road warrior The purpose of the fully qualified domain name in this case is to toggle the domain name of the gateway firewall between the IP addresses of the active WAN port i e WAN1 and WAN2 so that the remote PC client can determine the gateway IP address to establish or re establish a VPN tunnel VPN Road Warrior Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Load Balancing In the case of the dual WAN ports on the gateway VPN firewall Figure 3 11 the remote PC initiates the VPN tunnel with the appropriate gateway WAN port i e port WAN1 or WAN2 as necessary to balance the loads of the two gateway WAN ports because the IP address of the remote PC is not known in advance The chosen gateway WAN port must act as the responder 10 5 6 0 24 Road Warrior Example Dual WAN Ports Load Balancing Client B WAN1 IP Gateway A bzrouter1 dyndns org WAN IP LAN IP aae O 10 5 61 CEEE j bzrouter2 dyndns org 0 0 0 0 WAN2 IP VPN Router at employer s main office Fully Qualified Domain Names FQDN Remote PC optional for Fixed IP addresses running NETGEAR required for Dynamic IP addresses ProSafe VPN Client Figure 3 11 Dual gateway WAN ports load balancing case for VPN road warrior 3 8 Network Planning 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN F
55. E E E E E E E Glossary 2 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports E A sada tied ttc ouch T E O E A TE A A E E T Glossary 3 E an a E A E E S Glossary 3 E a T Glossary 4 IS rE asi aR RE RENT UNREAL Glossary 5 E Go aipnSio us tec A E cone sted dayan A T EEN E T T N E O LERA Glossary 5 E tity tae TE E E duc ea bad E E E E A E E teats Glossary 6 i E A E EEA E A O rere AE E A T T Glossary 7 E ARE E A AAE EE E E E E E E E E EE E E Glossary 8 E AE EE ERN A AE EE A rece EEEE EEE AEE A EAE A T E E EEAS Glossary 9 Pe O TAE A E NT O OE E E E A E E A E EAT Glossary 9 E E E E A E T Glossary 9 i E E E E P N E E E N O ETEA A E T E Glossary 10 a E TE E a A EA A E A AE E T A A EET Glossary 10 WG E EE A E A A E A A AE AEE AAS Glossary 10 202 10085 01 March 2005 Chapter 1 About This Manual This chapter describes the intended audience scope conventions and formats of this manual Audience Scope Conventions and Formats This reference manual assumes that the reader has basic to intermediate computer and Internet skills However basic computer network Internet firewall and VPN technologies tutorial information is provided in the Appendices and on the Netgear website This guide uses the following typographical conventions Table 1 1 Typographical Conventions italics Emphasis books CDs URL names bold User input fixed Screen text file and ser
56. EDs are lit for any local ports that are connected c The Internet port LED is lit If a port s LED is lit a link has been established to the connected device If a LAN port is connected to a 100 Mbps device verify that the port s LED is green If the port is 10 Mbps the LED will be amber If any of these conditions does not occur refer to the appropriate following section Power LED Not On If the Power and other LEDs are off when your firewall is turned on e Make sure that the power cord is properly connected to your firewall and that the power supply adapter is properly connected to a functioning power outlet e Check that you are using the 12 V DC power adapter supplied by NETGEAR for this product If the error persists you have a hardware problem and should contact technical support Troubleshooting 9 1 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports LEDs Never Turn Off When the firewall is turned on the LEDs turns on for about 10 seconds and then turn off If all the LEDs stay on there is a fault within the firewall If all LEDs are still on one minute after power up e Cycle the power to see if the firewall recovers e Clear the firewall s configuration to factory defaults This will set the firewall s IP address to 192 168 1 1 This procedure is explained in Restoring the Default Configuration and Password on page 9 7 If the
57. ING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young eay cryptsoft com This product includes software written by Tim Hudson tjh cryptsoft com 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports MD5 Copyright C 1990 RSA Data Security Inc All rights reserved License to copy and use this software is granted provided that it is identified as the RSA Data Security Inc MD5 Message Digest Algorithm in all material mentioning or referencing this software or this function License is also granted to make and use derivative works provided that such works are identified as derived from the RSA Data Security Inc MD5 Message Digest Algorithm in all material mentioning or referencing the derived work RSA Data Security Inc makes no representations concerning either the merchantability of this software or the suitability of this software for any particular purpose It is provided as is without express or implied warranty of any kind These notices must be retained in any copies of any part of this documentation and or software PPP Copyright c 1989 Carnegie Mellon University All rights reserved Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided that the above copyright notice and thi
58. IP No data is required Fixed IP IP address and related data supplied by your ISP Set up the traffic meter for ISP1 if desired See Programming the Traffic Meter if Desired on page 4 13 Note At this point of the configuration process you are now connected to the Internet through WAN port 1 But you must complete the configuration process outlined in this chapter to get the complete functionality of the dual WAN interface 4 10 Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 2 The steps to configure WAN port 2 are as follows a Repeat the above steps to set up the parameters for ISP2 Start by clicking the WAN2 ISP link directly under WAN Setup on the upper left of the main menu to get the WAN2 ISP Settings screen shown in Figure 4 3 Next click Setup Wizard on the WAN2 ISP Settings screen to get the Setup Wizard WAN2 screen Then click Next and follow the steps in the WAN2 Setup Wizard for inputting the configuration parameters from your ISP2 to connect to the Internet b Set up the traffic meter for ISP2 if desired See Programming the Traffic Meter if Desired on page 4 13 Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet 4 11 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Manually Configuring Your Internet Connectio
59. N from another the untrusted network such as the Internet while allowing communication between the two A firewall incorporates the functions of a NAT Network Address Translation router while adding features for dealing with a hacker intrusion or attack and for controlling the types of traffic that can flow between the two networks Unlike simple Internet sharing NAT routers a firewall uses a process called stateful packet inspection to protect your network from attacks and intrusions NAT performs a very limited stateful inspection in that it considers whether the incoming packet is in response to an outgoing request but true Stateful Packet Inspection goes far beyond NAT Using Rules to Block or Allow Specific Kinds of Traffic Firewall rules are used to block or allow specific traffic passing through from one side to the other Inbound rules WAN to LAN restrict access by outsiders to private resources selectively allowing only specific outside users to access specific resources Outbound rules LAN to WAN determine what outside resources local users can have access to Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 6 1 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports A firewall has two default rules one for inbound traffic and one for outbound The default rules of the FVS124G are e Inbound Block all access from outside except responses to requests f
60. N and Dual WAN Ports 12 Glossary 202 10085 01 March 2005
61. N optional FQDN optional Dynamic FQDN required FQDN required FQDN required VPN Telecommuter Fixed Allowed FQDN required Allowed client to gateway through FQDN optional FQDN optional Z NATTOUEN Dynamic FQDN required FQDN required FQDN required All tunnels must be re established after a rollover using the new WAN IP address For the single gateway WAN port case the mechanism is to use a fully qualified domain name FQDN when the IP address is dynamic and to use either an FQDN or the IP address itself when the IP address is fixed The situation is different when dual gateway WAN ports are used in a rollover based system e Rollover Case for Dual Gateway WAN Ports Rollover Figure 3 6 for the dual gateway WAN port case is different from the single gateway WAN port case when specifying the IP address of the VPN tunnel end point Only one WAN port is active at a time and when it rolls over the IP address of the active WAN port always changes Hence the use of a fully qualified domain name is always required even when the IP address of each WAN port is fixed Note Once the gateway router WAN port rolls over the VPN tunnel collapses and must be re established using the new WAN IP address gt Network Planning 3 5 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Dual WAN Ports Before Rollover Dual WAN Ports Af
62. N1 and WAN2 Basic Settings and Setup Wizard Screens Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet 4 9 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Click Setup Wizard on the WAN1 ISP Settings screen to get the Setup Wizard WAN1 screen Click Next and follow the steps in the WAN1 Setup Wizard for inputting the configuration parameters from your ISP1 to connect to the Internet Note If you choose not to use the Setup Wizard you can manually configure your Internet connection settings by following the procedure Manually Configuring Your Internet Connection on page 4 12 Unless your ISP automatically assigns your configuration automatically via DHCP you will need the configuration parameters from your ISP as you recorded them previously in Record Your Internet Connection Information on page 4 5 When the firewall successfully detects an active Internet service the firewall s Active LED goes on The Setup Wizard reports which connection type it discovered and displays the appropriate configuration menu If the Setup Wizard finds no connection you will be prompted to check the physical connection between your firewall and the cable or DSL line The options are Table 4 1 Internet connection methods Connection Method Data Required PPPoE Login Username Password PPTP Login Username Password Local IP and PPTP Server IP DHCP Dynamic
63. N2 screens Setup Wizard WAN2 Will you be using NAT Network Address Translation or Classical Routing NAT Classical Routing Nea NAT is the default mode and should be chosen unless you are using valid IP addresses for all devices on your network NAT allows sharing of a single valid IP address among a range of private IP addresses WAW1 ISP Settings Setup Wizard WAN Status Does Your Internet Connection Require A Login No Yes Internet IP Address Get Dynamically From ISP C Use Static IP Address IP Address fi fi z fo 2 E 1 IP Subnet Mask 255 255 E 54 e Gateway IP Address 10 fi E fi 113 Domain Name Server DNS Address Get Automatically From ISP C Use These DNS Servers Primary DNS fio Je JE JP Secondary DNS 10 fi 5 fi j e Router s MAC Address Use Default Address C Use This Computer s MAC Use This MAC Address Care Tost WAIN2 ISP Settings WAN Status Does Your Internet Connection Require A Login No C Yes Internet IP Address Get Dynamically From ISP Use Static IP Address IP Address A A fo aa IP Subnet Mask Gateway IP Address Domain Name Server DNS Address Get Automatically From ISP C Use These DNS Servers Primary ONS fio E B F Secondary DNS fio E af JE Router s MAC Address Use Default Address Use This Computer s MAC C Use This MAC Address col Test Figure 4 3 WA
64. Obtain DNS server address automatically radio button is selected e Click the OK button This completes the DHCP configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties General Alternate Configuration You can get IP settings assigned automatically if your network supports this capability Otherwise you need to ask your network administrator for the appropriate IP settings Obtain an IP address automatically Use the following IP address Obtain DNS server address automatically Use the following DNS server addresses DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows 2000 Once again after you have installed the network card TCP IP for Windows 2000 is configured TCP IP should be added by default and set to DHCP without your having to configure it However if there are problems follow these steps to configure TCP IP with DHCP for Windows 2000 Preparing Your Network 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e Click on the My Network Places icon on the Windows desktop This will bring up a window called Network and Dial up Connections e Right click on Local Area Connection and select Properties E Local Area Connection Properties if E 2x General e The Local Area Connection Properties dialog box appea
65. Rules menu as shown in Figure 6 10 Rules maj r co Aad Eea moa osas Enie Senace Mame Acton LAN Servet P nations Was Liners Desmeon Py tog Add Edt Move Delete Hooy _Concet Figure 6 10 Rules table with examples For any traffic attempting to pass through the firewall the packet information is subjected to the rules in the order shown in the Rules Table beginning at the top and proceeding to the default rules at the bottom In some cases the order of precedence of two or more rules may be important in determining the disposition of a packet The Move button allows you to relocate a defined rule to a new position in the table Customized Services Services are functions performed by server computers at the request of client computers For example Web servers serve web pages time servers serve time and date information and game hosts serve data about other players moves When a computer on the Internet sends a request for service to a server computer the requested service is identified by a service or port number This number appears as the destination port number in the transmitted IP packets For example a packet that is sent with destination port number 80 is an HTTP Web server request The service numbers for many common protocols are defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF and published in RFC1700 Assigned Numbers Service numbers for other applications are typ
66. SPs to provide it or you can try one of the options below e If you have a computer already connected using the active Internet access account you can gather the configuration information from that computer For Windows 95 98 ME open the Network control panel select the TCP IP entry for the Ethernet adapter and click Properties Record all the settings for each tab page For Windows 2000 XP open the Local Area Network Connection select the TCP IP entry for the Ethernet adapter and click Properties Record all the settings for each tab page For Macintosh computers open the TCP IP or Network control panel Record all the settings for each section e You may also refer to the FVS 24G Resource CD for the NETGEAR Router ISP Guide which provides Internet connection information for many ISPs Once you locate your Internet configuration parameters you may want to record them on the page below 4 4 Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Record Your Internet Connection Information Print this page Fill in the configuration parameters from your Internet Service Provider ISP ISP Login Name The login name and password are case sensitive and must be entered exactly as given by your ISP For AOL customers the login name is their primary screen name Some ISPs use your full e mail address as the login name
67. Step 5 Configure Dynamic DNS If Needed If your network has a permanently assigned IP address you can register a domain name and have that name linked with your IP address by public Domain Name Servers DNS However if your Internet account uses a dynamically assigned IP address you will not know in advance what your IP address will be and the address can change frequently In this case you can use a commercial dynamic DNS service which allows you to register an extension to its domain and restores DNS requests for the resulting FQDN to your frequently changing IP address which will allow you to register your domain to their IP address and will forward traffic directed to your domain to your frequently changing IP address e For rollover mode you are going to need a fully qualified domain name to implement features such as exposed hosts and virtual private networks regardless of whether you have a fixed or dynamic IP address e For load balancing mode you may still need a fully qualified domain name either for convenience or if you have a dynamic IP address The firewall contains a client that can connect to a dynamic DNS service provider To use this feature you must select a service provider and obtain an account with them After you have configured your account information in the firewall whenever your ISP assigned IP address changes your firewall will automatically contact your dynamic DNS service provider log in to your acc
68. WAN Ports This section provides instructions for connecting the FVS124G VPN Firewall Also the Resource CD for ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports included with your firewall contains an animated Installation Assistant to help you through this procedure There are six major steps to connecting your firewall 1 Connect the firewall physically to your network required You physically connect the cables during this step and then make sure the test lights are working OK 2 Log in to the firewall required You log in to the firewall to enter the information needed in the remaining steps You can also change your password and enable remote management at this time if you want 3 Configure the Internet connections to your ISPs required You connect to your ISPs during this step You can program the WAN traffic meters at this time if you want also 4 Configure the WAN mode required for dual WAN You select either rollover mode or load balancing on a mutually exclusive basis during this step For load balancing you can also select the protocol bindings if you want 5 Configure dynamic DNS on the WAN ports if needed You set up your fully qualified domain names during this step 6 Configure the WAN options if needed You can optionally enable each WAN port to respond to a ping during this step You can also optionally change the factory default MTU size port speed and uplink bandwidth Follow th
69. a PC on the other firewall s LAN Establishing the VPN connection may take several seconds 2 For additional status and troubleshooting information view the VPN log and status menu in the FVX538 or FVS124G Creating a VPN Connection Netgear VPN Client to FVS124G This section describes how to configure a VPN connection between a Windows PC and the FVS124G VPN Firewall Using the FVS124G s VPN Wizard we will create a single set of policies IKE and VPN that will allow up to 50 remote PCs to connect from locations in which their IP addresses are unknown in advance The PCs may be directly connected to the Internet or may be behind NAT routers If more PCs are to be connected an additional policy or policies must be created Each PC will use Netgear s VPN Client Since the PC s IP address is assumed to be unknown the PC must always be the Initiator of the connection Virtual Private Networking 7 11 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports This procedure was developed and tested using e Netgear FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports with version 1 0 firmware e Netgear VPN Client version 10 3 5 Build 6 e NAT router Netgear FR114P with version 1 5_09 firmware Configuring the FVS124G 1 Select the VPN Wizard Give the client connection a name such as home Enter a value for the pre shared key FY N Select a
70. active WAN ports could be either WAN_A1 WAN_A2 WAN_B1 or WAN_B2 i e the IP address of the active WAN port is not known in advance After a rollover of a gateway WAN port Figure 3 14 the previously inactive gateway WAN port becomes the active port port WAN_A2 in this example and one of the gateway VPN firewalls must re establish the VPN tunnel 3 10 Network Planning 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 10 5 6 0 24 Gateway to Gateway Example 172 23 9 0 24 Dual WAN Ports After Rollover WAN_A1 IP N A WAN B1 IP Gateway A WAN_A1 port inactive netgearB dyndns org Gateway B E ee X TT m O LAN IP E Nt x O o o 10 5 6 1 f netgear dyndns org WAN_B2 port gt K a 172 23 9 1 VPN Router WAN_A2 IP WAN_B2IP N A VPN Router at office A Fully Qualified Domain Names FQDN at office B required for Fixed IP addresses required for Dynamic IP addresses One of the gateway routers must re establish VPN tunnel after a rollover Figure 3 14 Dual gateway WAN ports after rollover for gateway to gateway VPN tunnels The purpose of the fully qualified domain names is this case is to toggle the domain name of the failed over gateway firewall between the IP addresses of the active WAN port 1 e WAN_A1 and WAN _A2 in this example so that the other end of the tunnel has a known gateway IP address to establish or re establish a VPN tunnel VPN Ga
71. address gives us 16 bits of node numbers translating to 64 000 nodes Most organizations do not use 64 000 nodes so there are free bits that can be reassigned Subnet addressing makes use of those bits that are free as shown below Class B ae Network Subnet Node Figure 9 2 Example of Subnetting a Class B Address A Class B address can be effectively translated into multiple Class C addresses For example the IP address of 172 16 0 0 is assigned but node addresses are limited to 255 maximum allowing eight extra bits to use as a subnet address The IP address of 172 16 97 235 would be interpreted as IP network address 172 16 subnet number 97 and node number 235 In addition to extending the number of addresses available subnet addressing provides other benefits Subnet addressing allows a network manager to construct an address scheme for the network by using different subnets for other geographical locations in the network or for other departments in the organization Network Routing Firewall and Basics B 5 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Although the preceding example uses the entire third octet for a subnet address note that you are not restricted to octet boundaries in subnetting To create more network numbers you need only shift some bits from the host address to the network address For instance to partition a Class C net
72. addresses a domain name system DNS server maps descriptive names of network resources to IP addresses When a PC accesses a resource by its descriptive name it first contacts a DNS server to obtain the IP address of the resource The PC sends the desired message using the IP address Many large organizations such as ISPs maintain their own DNS servers and allow their customers to use the servers to look up addresses IP Configuration by DHCP When an IP based local area network is installed each PC must be configured with an IP address If the PCs need to access the Internet they should also be configured with a gateway address and one or more DNS server addresses As an alternative to manual configuration there is a method by which each PC on the network can automatically obtain this configuration information A device on the network may act as a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP server The DHCP server stores a list or pool of IP addresses along with other information such as gateway and DNS addresses that it may assign to the other devices on the network The FVS124G VPN Firewall has the capacity to act as a DHCP server The FVS124G VPN Firewall also functions as a DHCP client when connecting to the ISP The firewall can automatically obtain an IP address subnet mask DNS server addresses and a gateway address if the ISP provides this information by DHCP Internet Security and Firewalls When your LAN connects to th
73. adequate routing information after it has been configured for Internet access and you do not need to configure additional static routes You must configure static routes only for unusual cases such as multiple firewalls or multiple IP subnets located on your network 5 6 LAN Configuration 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports From the Main Menu of the browser interface under Advanced click on Static Routes to view the Static Route menu shown below Static Routes e Name Destination Gateway Interface Metric ActivePrivate Add Exit Delete Static Routes Route Name T Active I Private Destination IP Address IP Subnet Mask Interface LAN 7 Gateway IP Address i Metric C Back Apply Cancel Figure 5 4 Static Routes Summary Table and Add screens To add or edit a Static Route 1 Click the Add button to open the Add Edit Menu shown below 2 Type a route name for this static route in the Route Name box under the table This is for identification purpose only 3 Select Private if you want to limit access to the LAN only The static route will not be reported in RIP 4 Select Active to make this route effective 5 Type the Destination IP Address of the final destination 6 Type the IP Subnet Mask for this destination If the destination is a single host type 255 255 255 255 7 Type t
74. al WAN Ports e Now you should be at the Local Area Network Connection Status window This box displays the connection status duration speed and activity statistics e Administrator logon access rights are needed to use this window e Click the Properties button to view details about the connection Local Area Connection Status General Support Connection Status Connected 01 40 23 100 0 Mbps Duration Speed Activity Received Sent AN 138143 Packets 243 057 The TCP IP details are presented on the Support tab page e Select Internet Protocol and click Properties to view the configuration information 4 Local Area Connection Properties General Authentication Advanced Connect using E9 Intel R PRO 100 VE Network Connection This connection uses the following items Client for Microsoft Networks v F File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks m QoS Packet Scheduler Internet Protocol TCP IP Install Uninstall Properties Description Allows your computer to access resources on a Microsoft network Show icon in notification area when connected OK Cancel Preparing Your Network 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Verify that the Obtain an IP address automatically radio button is selected e Verify that
75. al up connection to an organization s modem pool is one method of access for remote workers but is expensive because the organization must pay the associated long distance telephone and service costs Remote access VPNs greatly reduce expenses by enabling mobile workers to dial a local Internet connection and then set up a secure I PSec based VPN communications to their organization e Extranets Extranets are secure connections between two or more organizations Common uses for extranets include supply chain management development partnerships and subscription services These undertakings can be difficult using legacy network technologies due to connection costs time delays and access availability PSec based VPNs are ideal for extranet connections PSec capable devices can be quickly and inexpensively installed on existing Internet connections What Is IPSec and How Does It Work IPSec is an Internet Engineering Task Force IETF standard suite of protocols that provides data authentication integrity and confidentiality as data is transferred between communication points across IP networks IPSec provides data security at the IP packet level A packet is a data bundle that is organized for transmission across a network and includes a header and payload the data in the packet IPSec emerged as a viable network security standard because enterprises wanted to ensure that data could be securely transmitted over the Internet IPSec protect
76. alancing 3 2 Network Planning 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Inbound Traffic Incoming traffic from the Internet is normally discarded by the firewall unless the traffic is a response to one of your local computers or a service that you have configured in the Inbound Rules menu Instead of discarding this traffic you can have it forwarded to one or more LAN hosts on your network The addressing of the firewall s dual WAN port depends on the configuration being implemented Table 3 1 IP addressing requirements for exposed hosts in dual WAN port systems Configuration and Single WAN Port Dual WAN Port Cases WAN IP address reference case Rollover Load Balancing Inbound traffic Fixed Allowed FQDN required Allowed Port forwarding FQDN optional FQDN optional Port triggering Dynamic FQDN required FQDN required FQDN required Inbound Traffic to Single WAN Port Reference Case The Internet IP address of the firewall s WAN port must be known to the public so that the public can send incoming traffic to the exposed host when this feature is supported and enabled In the single WAN case Figure 3 3 the WAN s Internet address is either fixed IP or a fully qualified domain name if the IP address is dynamic Router WAN IP INT netgear dyndns org IP address of WAN port g FQDN is req
77. all You can apply the keywords to one or more groups Requests from the PCs in the groups for which keyword blocking has been enabled will be blocked Blocking does not occur for the PCs that are in the groups for which keyword blocking has not been enabled You can bypass keyword blocking for trusted domains by adding the exact matching domain to the list of Trusted Domains Access to the domains on this list by PCs even in the groups for which keyword blocking has been enabled will still be allowed without any blocking e Web component blocking You can block the following Web component types Proxy Java ActiveX and Cookies Sites on the Trusted Domains list are still subject to Web component blocking when the blocking of a particular Web component has been enabled See Block Sites on page 6 24 for the procedure on how to use this feature Source MAC Filtering If you want to reduce outgoing traffic by preventing Internet access by certain PCs on the LAN you can use the source MAC filtering feature to drop the traffic received from the PCs with the specified MAC addresses By default this feature is disabled all traffic received from PCs with any MAC address is allowed See Source MAC Filtering on page 6 27 for the procedure on how to use this feature VPN Firewall Features That Increase Traffic Features that tend to increase WAN side loading are as follows e Port forwarding e Port triggering e Exposed hosts
78. all Following this procedure is only necessary when your ISP does not dynamically supply the account information To get the information you need to configure the firewall for Internet access 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Network icon The Network window opens which displays a list of installed components 3 Select TCP IP and then click Properties The TCP IP Properties dialog box opens 4 Select the IP Address tab If an IP address and subnet mask are shown write down the information If an address is present your account uses a fixed static IP address If no address is present your account uses a dynamically assigned IP address Click Obtain an IP address automatically 5 Select the Gateway tab Preparing Your Network C 19 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports If an IP address appears under Installed Gateways write down the address This is the ISP s gateway address Select the address and then click Remove to remove the gateway address 6 Select the DNS Configuration tab If any DNS server addresses are shown write down the addresses If any information appears in the Host or Domain information box write it down Click Disable DNS 7 Click OK to save your changes and close the TCP IP Properties dialog box You are returned to the Network wind
79. atistics Non Secured Packets E 3 Secured Packets fia Fics esel Dropped Packets 2 Secured Data KBytes fi Local Address_ Local Subnet Remote Modifier E gt My Connection 10 0 0 12 255 255 255 255 192 168 1 0 255 255 255 0 10 0 0 11 ALL ALL Figure 7 23 Client Connection Monitor screen Virtual Private Networking 7 21 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 7 22 Virtual Private Networking 202 10085 01 March 2005 Chapter 8 Router and Network Management This chapter describes how to use the network management features of your FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports These features can be found by clicking on the appropriate heading in the Main Menu of the browser interface The FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports offers many tools for managing the network traffic to optimize its performance You can also control administrator access be alerted to important events requiring prompt action monitor the firewall status perform diagnostics and manage the firewall configuration file Performance Management Performance management consists of controlling the traffic through the FVS124G VPN Firewall so that the necessary traffic gets through when there is a bottleneck and either reducing unnecessary traffic or rescheduling some traffic to low peak times to prevent bottlenecks f
80. ays You can change this QoS priority if desired to change the traffic mix through the system Inbound Rules Port Forwarding Because the FVS124G uses Network Address Translation NAT your network presents only one IP address to the Internet and outside users cannot directly address any of your local computers However by defining an inbound rule you can make a local server for example a web server or game server visible and available to the Internet The rule tells the firewall to direct inbound traffic for a particular service to one local server based on the destination port number This is also known as port forwarding Inbound Services Service ANY Ri Action BLOCK by schedule otherwise allow gt Select Schedule Schedule 1 gt Send to LAN Server I Translate to Port Number WAN Users Any E a mi EP Destination Address Broadband bd QoS Priority None Log Never gt Apply Cancel Figure 6 2 Add Inbound Service Rules screen gt Note See Port Triggering on page 6 28 for yet another way to allow certain types of inbound traffic that would otherwise be blocked by the firewall Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 6 5 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Table 6 1 Inbound Services Item Description Services Select the desired Service or application to be cover
81. balance the load for outgoing traffic These two categories of considerations interact to make the planning process more challenging Inbound Traffic Unrequested incoming traffic can be directed to a PC on your LAN rather than being discarded The mechanism for making the IP address public depends on whether the dual WAN ports are configured to either roll over or balance the loads See Inbound Traffic on page 3 3 for further discussion Virtual Private Networks VPNs A virtual private network VPN tunnel provides a secure communication channel between either two gateway VPN firewalls or between a remote PC client and gateway VPN firewall As a result the IP address of at least one of the tunnel end points must be known in advance in order for the other tunnel end point to establish or re establish the VPN tunnel See Virtual Private Networks VPNs on page 3 5 for further discussion Network Planning 3 1 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Note Once the gateway firewall WAN port rolls over the VPN tunnel collapses and must be re established using the new WAN IP address gt The Rollover Case for Firewalls With Dual WAN Ports Rollover Figure 3 1 for the dual WAN port case is different from the single gateway WAN port case when specifying the IP address Only one WAN port is active at a time and when it rolls over
82. be 22 hours and 30 minutes Be sure to click Apply when you have finished configuring this menu Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 6 23 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Time Zone The FVS124G VPN Firewall uses the Network Time Protocol NTP to obtain the current time and date from one of several Network Time Servers on the Internet In order to localize the time for your log entries you must specify your Time Zone e Time Zone Select your local time zone This setting will be used for the blocking schedule and for time stamping log entries e Daylight Savings Time Check this box for daylight savings time Note If your region uses Daylight Savings Time you must manually select Adjust for Daylight Savings Time on the first day of Daylight Savings Time and unselect it at the end Enabling Daylight Savings Time will add one hour to the standard time Be sure to click Apply when you have finished configuring this menu Block Sites If you want to reduce incoming traffic by preventing access to certain sites on the Internet you can use the VPN firewall s content and Web component filtering feature By default this feature is disabled all requested traffic from any Web site is allowed When users try to access a blocked site they will get a message Blocked by NETGEAR e Keyword and domain name blocking You can specify up to 32 w
83. ble IKE Policies Policy Table Name Mode Local ID Remote ID Encr Auth Cc 1 tofs Main 10 1 0 118 10 1 1 150 3DES SHA1 Add Edit Delete Group 2 1024 Bit DH Figure 7 7 IKE Policies 12 You can view the IKE parameters by selecting to_fvs and clicking Edit It should not be necessary to make any changes IKE Policy Configuration General Policy Name to_fvs DirectionsType Both Directions z Exchange Mode Main Mode x Local Select Local Gateway wani C WAN2 Local Identity Type WAN IP Address z Local Identity Data fo 1 0 118 Remote Remote Identity Type Remote WAN IP 7 Remote Identity Data fi 0 1 1 150 IKE SA Parameters Encryption Algorithm 3DES AES Key Lenath 256 Authentication Algorithm SHAT gt Authentication Method Pre shared Key 12345678 C RSA Signature requires Certificate Diffie Hellman DH Group Group 2 1024 Bit SA Life Time 28800 secs Back Apply Cancel Figure 7 8 FVX538 to FVS124G IKE screen Virtual Private Networking 202 10085 01 March 2005 7 7 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 13 In the VPN Policies menu the to_fvs VPN policy will appear in the table VPN Policies i Add Manual Policy Policy Table Enable Name Type Remote AH ESP 1 Vv tows Auto 192 168 1 0 255 255 255 0 192 168 2 0 255 2
84. can t determine which is used select both 3 Enter the lowest port number used by the service 4 Enter the highest port number used by the service If the service only uses a single port number enter the same number in both fields Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 6 17 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 5 Click Apply The new service will now appear in the Services menu and in the Service name selection box in the Rules menu Quality of Service QoS Priorities This setting determines the priority of a service which in turn determines the quality of that service for the traffic passing through the firewall The user can change this priority e At the services definition screen for customized services e On the inbound rules screen e On the outbound rules screen Services Add Screen Services Service Definition Name Type TCP v Start Port Finish Port Default QoS Priority Back Apply Cancel Inbound Rules Add Screen Outbound Rules Add Screen Inbound Services Outbound Services Service ANY Action BLOCK by schedule otherwise allow gt ibid eon Z Select Schedule Schedule 1 Action BLOCK by schedule otherwise allow Send to LAN Server I Ai z o Saloti Schedule Schedule 1 EP ansaa to Port J LAN Users a WAN Users Any gt start A i start I I fi
85. ccessed through the ISDN firewall at 192 168 1 100 In this example e The Destination IP Address and IP Subnet Mask fields specify that this static route applies to all 134 177 x x addresses e The Gateway IP Address fields specifies that all traffic for these addresses should be forwarded to the ISDN firewall at 192 168 1 100 e A Metric value of 1 will work since the ISDN firewall is on the LAN e Private is selected only as a precautionary security measure in case RIP is activated 5 8 LAN Configuration 202 10085 01 March 2005 Chapter 6 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering This chapter describes how to use the content filtering features of the FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports to protect your network These features can be found by clicking on the Content Filtering heading in the Main Menu of the browser interface Firewall Protection and Content Filtering Overview The FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports provides you with Web content filtering options plus browsing activity reporting and instant alerts via e mail Parents and network administrators can establish restricted access policies based on time of day web addresses and web address keywords You can also block Internet access by applications and services such as chat or games A firewall is a special category of router that protects one network the trusted network such as your LA
86. chosen for the firewall 2 From the Main Menu of the browser interface under WAN Setup click on Options You will get the WAN1 screen shown in Figure 4 10 and can get the WAN2 screen from there using the pulldown WAN Options WAN Options Ca sD MTU Size in bytes Default Custom 150 MTU Size in bytes Default Custom fiso Port Speed AutoSense Port Speea AutoSense H Uplink Bandwidth 102400 Kops Uplink Bandwidth 102400 Kbps Dia MAC Address Router s MAC Address Use Default Address C Use This Computer s MAC Use Default Address C Use This Computer s MAC Use This MAC Address C Use This MAC Address Apply Cancel Figure 4 10 WAN Options Screens 3 Edit the default information you want to change e MTU Size The normal MTU Maximum Transmit Unit value for most Ethernet networks is 1500 Bytes or 1492 Bytes for PPPoE connections For some ISPs you may need to reduce the MTU But this is rarely required and should not be done unless you are sure it is necessary for your ISP connection Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet 4 23 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Port Speed In most cases your router can automatically determine the connection speed of the Internet WAN port If you cannot establish an Internet connection and the Internet LED blinks continuously you may need to
87. chtigt die Serie auf die Erf llung der Vorschriften hin zu berpr fen 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Certificate of the Manufacturer Importer It is hereby certified that the FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports has been suppressed in accordance with the conditions set out in the BMPT AmtsblVfg 243 1991 and Vfg 46 1992 The operation of some equipment for example test transmitters in accordance with the regulations may however be subject to certain restrictions Please refer to the notes in the operating instructions Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations Voluntary Control Council for Interference VCCI Statement This equipment is in the second category information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area thereto and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Data Processing Equipment and Electronic Office Machines aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential areas When used near a radio or TV receiver it may become the cause of radio interference Read instructions for correct handling Additional Copyrights AES Copyright c 2001 Dr Brian Gladman lt brg gladman uk n
88. cnanedetecsheuetiaiedneussdtcethaanesaieieenedciaaadne 4 16 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Load Balancing and Protocol Binding Setup ccscccscisececccectieccsncsseontenieee 4 17 Step 5 Configure Dynamic DNS If Needed cceeccceeesteeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeeeeeaeeeee 4 20 Step 6 Configure the WAN Options If Needed ccceeseeeceseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 4 23 Chapter 5 LAN Configuration teing me LAN IF Setup ODUOnS sci cascceatcascetecaccarnend sccdaantravacnatanesciginemeasicebduetacscaneiees 5 1 Configuring LAN TCP IP Setup Parameters cccescccceseeeeeeeeeeeeceeseseeeesseaeesteneees 5 2 Using the Firewall asia DAGP Sever 5 sccoicsccdvestecesiccadylearai Acdassnsessadesnanniicsrameinasee 5 4 Using Address FS SSr VAIO criiiiccisiianaisdon a aiaa 5 5 UPN Lig oti LAN IPE roncin 5 6 Gontang stale RONIOR sancananainak aa 5 6 Chapter 6 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering Firewall Protection and Content Filtering Overview ssseessessssesssrssrrrssrrresrnnesrnsssee 6 1 Using Rules to Block or Allow Specific Kinds of Traffic ccccescceeseteeeeeseeeeeeteeeeeneeeees 6 1 Seni es Based FUSS seriti rnern i EEEE 6 4 Inbound Rules Port Forwarding sosssrsnsnininanan pupae 6 5 Outbound Rules Service Blocking sssrsrorionsioinisissriisinsianin einna 6 12 C StOmMZad SOOAGSS ssr iaaeaie EA E E E 6 16 Quality of Servic
89. col Label Switching MPLS A key aspect of data security is that the data flowing across the network is protected by encryption technologies Private networks lack data security which allows data attackers to tap directly into the network and read the data PSec based VPNs use encryption to provide data security which increases the network s resistance to data tampering or theft IPSec based VPNs can be created over any type of IP network including the Internet Frame Relay ATM and MPLS but only the Internet is ubiquitous and inexpensive VPNs are traditionally used for e Intranets Intranets connect an organization s locations These locations range from the headquarters offices to branch offices to a remote employee s home Often this connectivity is used for e mail and for sharing applications and files While Frame Relay ATM and MPLS accomplish these tasks the shortcomings of each limits connectivity The cost of connecting home users is also very expensive compared to Internet access technologies such as DSL or cable Because of this organizations are moving their networks to the Internet which is inexpensive and using IPSec to create these networks Virtual Private Networking D 1 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e Remote Access Remote access enables telecommuters and mobile workers to access e mail and business applications A di
90. cular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna e Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver e Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected e Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help EN 55 022 Declaration of Conformance This is to certify that the FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports is shielded against the generation of radio interference in accordance with the application of Council Directive 89 336 EEC Article 4a Conformity is declared by the application of EN 55 022 Class B CISPR 22 Bestatigung des Herstellers Importeurs Es wird hiermit best tigt da das FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports gem der im BMPT AmtsblVfg 243 1991 und Vfg 46 1992 aufgef hrten Bestimmungen entst rt ist Das vorschriftsmabige Betreiben einiger Ger te z B Testsender kann jedoch gewissen Beschr nkungen unterliegen Lesen Sie dazu bitte die Anmerkungen in der Betriebsanleitung Das Bundesamt f r Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation wurde davon unterrichtet da dieses Ger t auf den Markt gebracht wurde und es ist bere
91. d Service Set Identification ESSID is a thirty two character maximum alphanumeric key identifying the wireless local area network 4 Glossary 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Ethernet ALAN specification developed jointly by Xerox Intel and Digital Equipment Corporation Ethernet networks transmit packets at a rate of 10 Mbps G Gateway A local device usually a router that connects hosts on a local network to other networks ICMP See Internet Control Message Protocol IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers This American organization was founded in 1963 and sets standards for computers and communications IETF Internet Engineering Task Force An organization responsible for providing engineering solutions for TCP IP networks In the network management area this group is responsible for the development of the SNMP protocol IKE Internet Key Exchange An automated method for exchanging and managing encryption keys between two VPN devices Infrastructure Mode An 802 11 networking framework in which devices communicate with each other by first going through an Access Point AP In infrastructure mode wireless devices can communicate with each other or can communicate with a wired network When one AP is connected to wired network and a set of wireless stations it is referred to as a Basic Service Set BSS An Ext
92. d domain name if the IP address is dynamic Note Load balancing is implemented for outgoing traffic and not for incoming traffic gt Consider making one of the WAN port Internet addresses public and keeping the other one private in order to maintain better control of WAN port traffic Dual WAN Ports Load Balancing WAN1 IP Router netgear1 dyndns org IP addressesor WAN ports Sa use of fully qualified domain names E INTI required for dynamic IP addresses netgear2 dyndns org and optional for fixed IP addresses WAN2 IP g Figure 3 5 Inbound traffic to dual WAN ports for load balancing 3 4 Network Planning 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Virtual Private Networks VPNs When implementing virtual private network VPN tunnels a mechanism must be used for determining the IP addresses of the tunnel end points The addressing of the firewall s dual WAN port depends on the configuration being implemented Table 3 1 IP addressing requirements for VPNs in dual WAN port systems Dual WAN Port Cases Configuration and WAN IP address rail aia Port reference case Rollover Load Balancing VPN Road Warrior Fixed Allowed FQDN required Allowed client to gateway FQDN optional FQDN optional Dynamic FQDN required FQDN required FQDN required VPN Gateway to Gateway Fixed Allowed FQDN required Allowed FQD
93. dband ISPs restrict access by only allowing traffic from the MAC address of your broadband modem but some ISPs additionally restrict access to the MAC address of a single PC connected to that modem If this is the case you must configure your firewall to clone or spoof the MAC address from the authorized PC Refer to Manually Configuring Your Internet Connection on page 4 12 Restoring the Default Configuration and Password This section explains how to restore the factory default configuration settings changing the firewall s administration password to password and the IP address to 192 168 1 1 You can erase the current configuration and restore factory defaults in two ways e Use the Erase function of the firewall see Erasing the Configuration Factory Defaults Reset on page 8 31 e Use the Default Reset button on the rear panel of the firewall Use this method for cases when the administration password or IP address is not known To restore the factory default configuration settings without knowing the administration password or IP address you must use the Default Reset button on the rear panel of the firewall 1 Press and hold the Default Reset button until the Test LED turns on and begins to blink about 10 seconds 2 Release the Default Reset button and wait for the firewall to reboot Problems with Date and Time The E Mail menu in the Content Filtering section displays the current date and t
94. de area network WAN link such as a cable or DSL modem In order to make the best use of the slower WAN link a mechanism must be in place for selecting and transmitting only the data traffic meant for the Internet The function of selecting and forwarding this data is performed by a router Network Routing Firewall and Basics B 1 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports What is a Router A router is a device that forwards traffic between networks based on network layer information in the data and on routing tables maintained by the router In these routing tables a router builds up a logical picture of the overall network by gathering and exchanging information with other routers in the network Using this information the router chooses the best path for forwarding network traffic Routers vary in performance and scale number of routing protocols supported and types of physical WAN connection they support The FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports is a small office router that routes the IP protocol over a single user broadband connection Routing Information Protocol One of the protocols used by a router to build and maintain a picture of the network is the Routing Information Protocol RIP Using RIP routers periodically update one another and check for changes to add to the routing table The FVS124G VPN Firewall suppor
95. detected a link with a connected Ethernet device Blinking Green Data is being transmitted or received by the WAN port Off The WAN port has no link 100 LED On Green The WAN port is operating at 100 Mbps Off The WAN port is operating at 10 Mbps Active LED On Green The WAN port has a valid Internet connection On Amber The Internet connection is down or not being used Off The WAN port is either not enabled or has no link Gigabit LAN Link Act LED Port LEDs On Green The LAN port has detected a link with a connected Ethernet device Blinking Green Data is being transmitted or received by the LAN port Off The LAN port has no link Speed LED On Green The LAN port is operating at 1 000 Mbps On Amber The LAN port is operating at 100 Mbps Off The LAN port is operating at 10 Mbps The Router s Rear Panel The rear panel of the FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Figure 2 2 contains the factory defaults reset button LAN and WAN ports and DC power input connection Introduction 2 7 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 12VDC 1 2A Factory Defaults z Factor AC Power AA LAN Ports WAN2 Port WAN1 Port Adapter Button Connection Figure 2 2 FVS124G Rear Panel Viewed from left to right the rear panel contains the followin
96. dows NT Restart the PC Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network Microsoft TCP IP Properties IP Address DNS WINS Address Routing An IP address can be automatically assigned to this network card by a DHCP server If your network does not have a DHCP server ask your network administrator for an address and then type it in the space below Adapter Obtain an IP address from a DHCP server r Specify an IP address m IP Acres Verifying TCP IP Properties for Windows XP 2000 and NT4 To check your PC s TCP IP configuration 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button and then click Run The Run window opens 2 Type cma and then click OK A command window opens 3 Type ipconfig all Your IP Configuration information will be listed and should match the values below if you are using the default TCP IP settings that NETGEAR recommends for connecting through a router or gateway e The IP address is between 192 168 0 2 and 192 168 0 254 e The subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 Preparing Your Network 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e The default gateway is 192 168 1 1 4 Type exit Configuring the Macintosh for TCP IP Networking Beginning with Macintosh Operating System 7 TCP IP is already installed on the Macintosh On each networked Maci
97. dress for your use you can use the additional public IP addresses to map to servers on your LAN One of these public IP addresses will be used as the primary IP address of the router This address will be used to provide Internet access to your LAN PCs through NAT The other addresses are available to map to your servers To configure the FVS124G for additional IP addresses 1 Go to the Rules menu 2 If your server is to be on your LAN select LAN WAN 3 Click the Add button to create an Inbound Services rule 4 Inthe Add Edit menu see Figure 6 5 select the HTTP service for a web server Inbound Services Service Action Select Schedule Send to LAN Server I Translate to Port Number WAN Users start finish Public Destination IP Address _ tf _ 1 QoS Priority None Log l Never gt Back Apply Cancel Figure 6 5 Rule example one to one NAT mapping Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 6 9 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Select Action ALLOW always For Send to LAN Server enter the local IP address of your web server PC For Public Destination IP Address choose Other Public IP Address Pt oye pn Enter one of your public Internet addresses that will be used by clients on the Internet to reach your web server 9 Click Apply Your rule will now appear in the Inbound Services table of the Rules
98. ds such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator NETGEAR recommends using Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator 4 0 or above Free browser programs are readily available for Windows Macintosh or UNIX Linux For the initial connection to the Internet and configuration of your firewall you will need to connect a computer to the firewall that is set to automatically get its TCP IP configuration from the firewall via DHCP Note For help with DHCP configuration please refer to Appendix C Preparing Your Network The cable or DSL modem broadband access device must provide a standard 10 Mbps LOBASE T or 100 Mbps LOOBASE Tx Ethernet interface Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet 4 3 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Internet Configuration Requirements Depending on how your ISPs set up your Internet accounts you will need one or more of these configuration parameters to connect your firewall to the Internet e Host and Domain Names e ISP Login Name and Password e ISP Domain Name Server DNS Addresses e Fixed IP Address which is also known as Static IP Address Where Do Get the Internet Configuration Parameters There are several ways you can gather the required Internet connection information e Your ISPs provide all the information needed to connect to the Internet If you cannot locate this information you can ask your I
99. e O08 Prarie s ccsicsissecsssssacssvsrassanieeiaondaraaccen 6 18 Managing Groups and POSTE x cicaseccgssaccnigces cageiadaatisucniedssdenoaladintasnleseuians TSN Ai 6 20 Using a Schedule to Block or Allow Specific Traffic ceccececeeeeeceeeeceeeeeeeeees 6 22 Te i pts aa eee eerreer cere ena berttrt nerere tr mertnt rr Renee er errr eer cert nrny metre cr rerertrrn 6 24 Pork GE cc duiarenennncavnanctanaviaaeremumeeeeneeiem anaes eee 6 24 Soure MAC UNBOUND saana A E TAA eactenlaa berets 6 27 ara ea E T E A id ccs E A EA N A A A A desma 6 28 Getting E Mail Notifications of Event Logs and Alerts 0 c ccsceeeeseeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeees 6 30 SV aina NN 6 33 Viewing Logs of Web Access or Attempted Web ACCESS sssenceeereereresns 6 33 Administrator WTOMMUION serisinin a 6 35 Chapter 7 Virtual Private Networking Dual WAN Prt SG TOTS oios a N A A maasinamaniaees 7 1 Rollover vs Load Balancing MOda sessssssssisssinosiisnoniuenndsnasiiianna nun 7 1 Fully Qualited Domai Name E sassis canna a aaia 7 2 3 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Creating a VPN Connection Between FVX538 and FVS124G 0 0 cceeecsceeeeeeesteeeeeeeeees 7 5 Ce TRA Me FIXADI riaye iaaa aAa D E AREE 7 5 Conigonng ie FUAI aii RA acess pomeiaeoninaeviarte 7 9 Testing ihe SCOR karriera R 7 11 Creating a VPN Connection Netgear VPN Client to FVS124G ou ececseeeeeeeeneees 7 11 Coniguing
100. e upper 24 bits When combined using an AND operator with the Class C netmask as shown here only the network portion of the address remains 11000000 10101000 10101010 11101101 192 168 170 237 combined with 11111111 11111111 211111111 00000000 255 255 255 0 Equals 11000000 10101000 10101010 00000000 192 168 170 0 B 4 Network Routing Firewall and Basics 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports As a shorter alternative to dotted decimal notation the netmask may also be expressed in terms of the number of ones from the left This number is appended to the IP address following a backward slash as n In the example the address could be written as 192 168 170 237 24 indicating that the netmask is 24 ones followed by 8 zeros Subnet Addressing By looking at the addressing structures you can see that even with a Class C address there are a large number of hosts per network Such a structure is an inefficient use of addresses if each end of a routed link requires a different network number It is unlikely that the smaller office LANs would have that many devices You can resolve this problem by using a technique known as subnet addressing Subnet addressing allows us to split one IP network address into smaller multiple physical networks known as subnetworks Some of the node numbers are used as a subnet number instead A Class B
101. e Case In the case of the single WAN port on the gateway VPN firewall Figure 3 8 the remote PC client initiates the VPN tunnel because the IP address of the remote PC client is not known in advance The gateway WAN port must act as the responder 3 6 Network Planning 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 10 5 6 0 24 Road Warrior Example Single WAN Port Client B Gateway A WAN IP WAN IP LAN IP ae S s 10561 CEEE FQDN 0 0 0 0 bzrouter dyndns org VPN Router at employer s R main office Fully Qualified Domain Names FQDN Remote PC optional for Fixed IP addresses running NETGEAR required for Dynamic IP addresses ProSafe VPN Client Figure 3 8 Single gateway WAN port case for VPN road warrior The IP address of the gateway WAN port can be either fixed or dynamic If the IP address is dynamic a fully qualified domain name must be used If the IP address is fixed a fully qualified domain name is optional VPN Road Warrior Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Improved Reliability In the case of the dual WAN ports on the gateway VPN firewall Figure 3 9 the remote PC client initiates the VPN tunnel with the active gateway WAN port port WAN1 in this example because the IP address of the remote PC client is not known in advance The gateway WAN port must act as a responder 10 5 6 0 24 Road Warrior Example Dual WAN Po
102. e Internet through a router an opportunity is created for outsiders to access or disrupt your network A NAT router provides some protection because by the very nature of the process the network behind the router is shielded from access by outsiders on the Internet However there are methods by which a determined hacker can possibly obtain information about your network or at the least can disrupt your Internet access A greater degree of protection is provided by a firewall router B 10 Network Routing Firewall and Basics 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports What is a Firewall A firewall is a device that protects one network from another while allowing communication between the two A firewall incorporates the functions of the NAT router while adding features for dealing with a hacker intrusion or attack Several known types of intrusion or attack can be recognized when they occur When an incident is detected the firewall can log details of the attempt and can optionally send email to an administrator notifying them of the incident Using information from the log the administrator can take action with the ISP of the hacker In some types of intrusions the firewall can fend off the hacker by discarding all further packets from the hacker s IP address for a period of time Stateful Packet Inspection Unlike simple Internet sharing routers a firewall u
103. e VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports VPN Telecommuter Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Improved Reliability In the case of the dual WAN ports on the gateway VPN firewall Figure 3 17 the remote PC client initiates the VPN tunnel with the active gateway WAN port port WAN1 in this example because the IP address of the remote NAT router is not known in advance The gateway WAN port must act as the responder 10 5 6 0 24 Telecommuter Example Dual WAN Ports Before Rollover Client B WAN1 IP NAT Router B Gateway A bzrouter1 dyndns org WAN IP LAN IP gt _ gt O 0 0 0 0 10 5 6 1 WAN2 port inactive VPN Router WANZ IP N A NAT Router atemployer s Fully Qualified Domain Names FQDN attelecommuters Remote PC main office required for Fixed IP addresses home office running NETGEAR required for Dynamic IP addresses ProSafe VPN Client Figure 3 17 Dual gateway WAN ports before rollover for VPN telecommuter The IP addresses of the gateway WAN ports can be either fixed or dynamic but a fully qualified domain name must always be used because the active WAN port could be either WAN1 or WAN2 i e the IP address of the active WAN port is not known in advance After a rollover of the gateway WAN port Figure 3 18 the previously inactive gateway WAN port becomes the active port port WAN2 in this example and the remote PC must re establish the VPN tunnel The gateway WAN port must act as the respond
104. e cable connectors are clear plastic it is easy to place them side by side and view the order of the wire colors on each On a straight through cable the color order will be the same on both connectors On a crossover cable the orange and blue pairs will be exchanged from one connector to the other B 14 Network Routing Firewall and Basics 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports The FVS124G VPN Firewall incorporates Auto Uplink technology also called MDI MDIX Each LOCAL Ethernet port will automatically sense whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a normal connection e g connecting to a PC or an uplink connection e g connecting to a router switch or hub That port will then configure itself to the correct configuration This feature also eliminates the need to worry about crossover cables as Auto Uplink will accommodate either type of cable to make the right connection Network Routing Firewall and Basics B 15 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports B 16 Network Routing Firewall and Basics 202 10085 01 March 2005 Appendix C Preparing Your Network This appendix describes how to prepare your network to connect to the Internet through the FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports and how to verify the readi
105. e steps below to connect your firewall to your network You can also refer to the Resource CD included with your firewall which contains an animated Installation Assistant to help you through this procedure 4 6 Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Step 1 Physically Connect the VPN Firewall to Your Network Required 1 Turn off your computer and Cable or DSL Modem 2 Disconnect the Ethernet cable from your computer which connects to your cable or DSL modem 3 Connect the Ethernet cables from your cable or DSL modems to the WAN1 and WAN2 Internet ports on the FVS124G 4 Connect the Ethernet cable which came with the firewall from a Local port on the firewall to your computer Note The FVS124G VPN Firewall incorporates Auto Uplink technology Each LOCAL Ethernet port will automatically sense if the cable should have a normal connection or an uplink connection This feature eliminates the need to worry about crossover cables because Auto Uplink will make the right connection either type of cable 5 Now turn on your computer If software usually logs you in to your Internet connection do not run that software or cancel it if it starts automatically 6 Verify the following e When your turn the firewall on the power light goes on e The firewall s local lights are lit for any computers that are connec
106. eached through a gateway or router T TCP IP The main internetworking protocols used in the Internet The Internet Protocol IP used in conjunction with the Transfer Control Protocol TCP form TCP IP U Universal Plug and Play UPnP A networking architecture that provides compatibility among networking technology UPnP compliant routers provide broadband users at home and small businesses with a seamless way to participate in online games videoconferencing and other peer to peer services UTP Unshielded twisted pair is the cable used by 10BASE T and 100BASE Tx Ethernet networks W WAN See Wide Area Network Web Also known as World Wide Web WWW or W3 An Internet client server system to distribute information based upon the hypertext transfer protocol HTTP WEB Proxy Server A Web proxy server is a specialized HTTP server that allows clients access to the Internet from behind a firewall The proxy server listens for requests from clients within the firewall and forwards these requests to remote Internet servers outside the firewall The proxy server reads responses from the external servers and then sends them to internal client clients WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy is a data encryption protocol for 802 11b wireless networks All wireless nodes and access points on the network are configured with a 64 bit or 128 bit Shared Key for data encryption 10 Glossary 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual
107. ec A new IP header is created that contains the two IPSec gateway addresses The gateways perform the encapsulation decapsulation on behalf of the hosts Tunnel mode ESP prevents an attacker from analyzing the data and deciphering it as well as knowing who the packet is from and where it is going Note AH and ESP can be used in both transport mode or tunnel mode Original Packet IP HDR TCP Data Si W A Now ESP Original ESP ESP IPHDR HDR iPHDR TCP Data Trailer Authentication Encrypted Authenticated Packet with IPSec Authentication Header in Tunnel Mode Figure 9 6 Original packet and packet with IPSec ESP in Tunnel mode Virtual Private Networking D 5 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Key Management IPSec uses the Internet Key Exchange IKE protocol to facilitate and automate the SA setup and the exchange of keys between parties transferring data Using keys ensures that only the sender and receiver of a message can access it IPSec requires that keys be re created or refreshed frequently so that the parties can communicate securely with each other IKE manages the process of refreshing keys however a user can control the key strength and the refresh frequency Refreshing keys on a regular basis ensures data confidentiality between sender and receiver Understand the Process Before You Begin This TechN
108. ect Load Balancing on the screen shown in Figure 4 6 to invoke the WAN Mode Load Balancing screen shown in Figure 4 7 Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet 4 17 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports WAN Mode NAT Network Address Translation NAT C Classical Routing C Auto Rollover Load Balancing Detect WAN failure by DNS lookup using ISP s DNS Server Public DNS Server 7 Test Period is 30 seconds Failover ater 4 failures Apply Cancel WAN Mode Protocol Binding Service a Protocol Binding WAN1 Destination Network sao o 0 finish p p fo Source Network A start 8 Service Source Network Destination Network Enable anish Ado Edit Delete Back Apply Cancel Figure 4 7 WAN Mode screen for load balancing and protocol binding Senice Source Network Destination Network Enable Edit Delete 17 TI Vd E Fill out the screen using the following parameter definitions e Detection of WAN failure WAN failure is detected using DNS queries to the DNS server For each WAN interface DNS queries are sent to the configured DNS server If the DNS replies are not received the corresponding WAN interface is considered down ISP DNS Server In this case DNS queries are sent to the DNS server configured on the WAN ISP pages s
109. ection by simulating a dial up connection This feature eliminates the need to run a login program such as EnterNet or WinPOET on your PC Easy Installation and Management You can install configure and operate the FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports within minutes after connecting it to the network The following features simplify installation and management tasks e Browser based management Browser based configuration allows you to easily configure your firewall from almost any type of personal computer such as Windows Macintosh or Linux A user friendly Setup Wizard is provided and online help documentation is built into the browser based Web Management Interface e Smart Wizard The FVS124G VPN Firewall automatically senses the type of Internet connection asking you only for the information required for your type of ISP account 9 4 Introduction 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e VPN Wizard The FVS124G VPN Firewall includes the NETGEAR VPN Wizard to easily configure VPN tunnels according to the recommendations of the Virtual Private Network Consortium VPNC to ensure the VPN tunnels are interoperable with other VPNC compliant VPN routers and clients e SNMP The FVS124G VPN Firewall supports the Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP to let you monitor and manage log resources from an SNMP compliant system
110. ed Domains e In the Trusted Domains box enter the exact matching domain name for which the keyword filtering will be bypassed Example Enter www netgear com to bypass URL keyword filtering for this domain The domains in this list will be allowed without any filtering web component filtering still applies Click on Add Trusted Domains button The domain name appears in the list below Any number of domain names can be added to the list To delete a Domain name Select the word or domain name in the list Click Delete Trusted Domain button To delete all domain names Click Delete All button Keyword application examples e Ifthe keyword XXX is specified the URL lt http www badstuff com xxx html gt is blocked as is the newsgroup alt pictures XXX e Ifthe keyword com is specified only websites with other domain suffixes such as edu or gov can be viewed e Ifyou wish to block all Internet browsing access enter the keyword 6 26 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Source MAC Filtering Source MAC Filter will drop the Internet bound traffic received from the PCs with the specified MAC address e By default the source MAC address filter is disabled All the traffic received from PCs with any MAC address is allowed by default e When enabled Internet bound t
111. ed by this rule If the desired service or application does not appear in the list you must define it using the Services menu see Customized Services on page 6 16 Action Select the desired action for packets covered by this rule e BLOCK always e BLOCK by schedule otherwise Allow e ALLOW always e ALLOW by schedule otherwise Block Note Any inbound traffic which is not allowed by rules you create will be blocked by the Default rule Select Schedule Select the desired time schedule i e Schedule1 Schedule2 or Schedule3 that will be used by this rule e This drop down menu gets activated only when BLOCK by schedule otherwise Allow or ALLOW by schedule otherwise Block is selected as Action Use schedule page to configure the time schedules LAN users These settings determine which computers on your network are affected by this rule based on their IP address Select the desired IP Address in this field WAN Users These settings determine which Internet locations are covered by the rule based on their IP address Select the desired option Any All Internet IP address are covered by this rule e Single address Enter the required address in the start fields Address range If this option is selected you must enter the start and finish fields Destination Address These settings determine the destination IP address for this rule which will be applicable to incoming traffic this
112. ed from one LAN machine e TCP Flooding Enable this to protect the router from Syn flood attack e Enable DNS Proxy Enable this to allow the incoming DNS queries e Enable Stealth Mode Enable this to set the firewall to operate in stealth mode e Respond To Ping On Internet Ports If you want the router to respond to a Ping from the Internet click this check box This can be used as a diagnostic tool You shouldn t check this box unless you have a specific reason to do so Services Based Rules The rules to block traffic are based on the traffic s category of service e Inbound rules port forwarding Inbound traffic is normally blocked by the firewall unless the traffic is in response to a request from the LAN side The firewall can be configured to allow this otherwise blocked traffic e Outbound rules service blocking Outbound traffic is normally allowed unless the firewall is configured to disallow it e Customized services Additional services can be added to the list of services in the factory default list These added services can then have rules defined for them to either allow or block that traffic 6 4 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e Quality of service QoS priorities Each service at its own native priority that impacts its quality of performance and tolerance for jitter or del
113. ed with the distribution 3 All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software must display the following acknowledgment This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit http www openssl org 4 The names OpenSSL Toolkit and OpenSSL Project must not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without prior written permission For written permission please contact openss core openssl org 5 Products derived from this software may not be called OpenSSL nor may OpenSSL appear in their names without prior written permission of the OpenSSL Project 6 Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following acknowledgment This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit http www openssl org THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE OpenSSL PROJECT AS IS AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OpenSSL PROJECT OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT INCLUD
114. ee Step 3 Configure the Internet Connections to Your ISPs Required on page 4 8 Public DNS Server The user is also given an option to enter any Public DNS server DNS queries are sent to this server through the WAN interface being monitored 4 18 Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e Test Period DNS query is sent periodically after every test period The minimum test period is 30 seconds e Maximum Failures The WAN interface is considered down after the configured number of DNS queries have failed to elicit a DNS reply from the configured DNS server The minimum number of failed DNS queries is four The minimum time for a WAN interface to be classified as having failed is two minutes i e 30 second minimum test period times a minimum of four tests All traffic then stops on that WAN port Traffic that is not bound by protocol to the failed WAN port is then sent to the working WAN port If the total traffic on the working WAN port exceeds its bandwidth then congestion occurs Once a WAN interface fails an alert will be generated see Getting E Mail Notifications of Event Logs and Alerts on page 6 30 You must then get the failed WAN interface restored before it can carry traffic again by reapplying the WAN Mode menu shown in Figure 4 10 2 Click Add in the appropriate WAN interface secti
115. ee ee eae 2 3 Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink 0 00 0 cceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeees 2 3 Extensive PROCS POGUE sassecsanrusiscecenrnsusveny banda aanaeio AA ONSE 2 4 Easy Installation and Managememi icccissiranssosnctacscrsaiiveiuesiatacidubainaduiesia dances 2 4 Mamtenancs and SUpPOrE eee eee nr eee ee Per aA ADON ere Per reer een errr rere 2 5 Package CO INES ainai cher emaxcinaesuedaanne seam taiaatmbecaxoanteeiadaper ani qucataneauaianctaemadouttapnaents 2 5 The Romers Froni Panel irice ione ra Eae EERE 2 6 The Rouer s Rear Panal asise ia iaa aai aS aak 2 7 The Router s IP Address Login Name and Password cceceeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeees 2 8 Lougma TT me Roul oeae laanaasen atunaetda dasa wna dsaiancns aapernnianwMts 2 9 Delauit Factor SWNG sa cciciuces sop tcruetin ap inluaietuoeraneiteiadn shut ebtiauitaan niu euias Catieoatene 2 10 NETGEAR Felaied Pia iesiacaiccctsdecaseccediccasiededananaceptdiadaiepdiccanseaplaiadammecdaasanmaedacunens 2 11 Chapter 3 Network Planning LVerview Of the Planning PROCESS saitinin maias oiii 3 1 Alear REEN E E A O igen T AE EE E 3 1 Virtual Private Networks VPNS ssiscitccccastetccsieistvccccamestesdeatieticanduatvatunuetraaadomanrs 3 1 The Rollover Case for Firewalls With Dual WAN Ports 0 cccccesteeeeeeeeetsteeeeeeees 3 2 The Load Balancing Case for Firewalls With Dual WAN Ports cccccssseeeeeeees 3 2 1 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for
116. eeesteeeeeeees 8 14 Frowa SaS nri qentepdnduaiiedederantmebdaetance 8 14 E E e E N AE E S E 8 16 HAN PONE esas a rrnerrer Cte cert enrr ret rec rrr trie ere rer rere 8 18 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports WAN Porn Conmiechon Stalig iirrisisei ienien iana EAE 8 18 Dynamit DNS SIAS sorasam aa Vaid ieeada oni eddie opined 8 19 intemet Traic Mormnmahoh cecrenmennnnnnnn aa 8 19 LAN Poris and Attached DOviCOS aeneae eannterniinn 8 20 Known POS and DEVICES riassunse SAS A 8 20 CERE O saerset oes astea tease neuen tase aitaescceataadis aiid Sid radeaee eed idee tn cael ey ecname decided 8 22 Part mogerig AaS sirieni rsete Pererererre creer ttre rr re tren Terr freer rn retry 8 22 lec cc E EE EN A T Meret E rr rere E ree errr aT rrr tree EE 8 23 VEN TMG 2 caccacicesccecosiedaccaandene ianoaaeie 8 26 Ug saya sss ah ced wt cava dn E Santas aa aS aaa use tian i duane sald boas 8 27 EAC i Eo E A E E E ade 8 27 Configuration File Management ass secivgeeids gonrgeseli kiin kaaa E N A 8 29 Restoring and Backing Up the Configuration ccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeeeees 8 30 Upgrading ihe Firewall Sonwa x6 cess sc sccatccstedectsasteasscdonenicceioiieecianendaeeidledeeieincnnne 8 30 Erasing the Configuration Factory Defaults Reset ccccceseeeeereeeetteeeeneeeees 8 31 Chapter 9 Troubleshooting soo FI IQUMINS EAA A A A A E E E E A E Stier 9 1 Pow
117. eless networking at 11 Mbps using direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS technology and operating in the unlicensed radio spectrum at 2 4 2 5GHz 802 119 A soon to be ratified IEEE specification for wireless networking at 54 Mbps using direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS technology and operating in the unlicensed radio spectrum at 2 4GHz 802 11 is backwards compatible with 802 11b Glossary 1 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports A Access Control List ACL An ACL is a database that an Operating System uses to track each user s access rights to system objects such as file directories and or files Ad hoc Mode An 802 11 networking framework in which devices or stations communicate directly with each other without the use of an access point AP Ad hoc mode is also referred to as peer to peer mode or an Independent Basic Service Set IBSS Ad hoc mode is useful for establishing a network where wireless infrastructure does not exist or where services are not required ADSL Short for asymmetric digital subscriber line a technology that allows data to be sent over existing copper telephone lines at data rates of from 1 5 to 9 Mbps when receiving data known as the downstream rate and from 16 to 640 Kbps when sending data known as the upstream rate ADSL requires a special ADSL modem ADSL is growing in popularity as more areas around the world
118. ended Service Set ESS is a set of two or more BSSs that form a single subnetwork Most corporate wireless LANs operate in infrastructure mode because they require access to the wired LAN in order to use services such as file servers or printers Internet Control Message Protocol ICMP is an extension to the Internet Protocol IP that supports packets containing error control and informational messages The PING command for example uses ICMP to test an Internet connection Glossary 5 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Internet Protocol The method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet Each computer known as a host on the Internet has at least one IP address that uniquely identifies it among all other computers on the Internet When you send or receive data for example an e mail note or a Web page the message gets divided into little chunks called packets Each of these packets contains both the sender s Internet address and the receiver s address Any packet is sent first to a gateway computer that understands a small part of the Internet The gateway computer reads the destination address and forwards the packet to an adjacent gateway that in turn reads the destination address and so forth across the Internet until one gateway recognizes the packet as belonging to a computer within its immediate neighborhood or domai
119. er 10 5 6 0 24 Telecommuter Example Dual WAN Ports After Rollover Client B GatowayA waANIIRIVA an ayp NATRouter LAN IP i lt amp n 10 5 6 1 bzrouter2 dyndns org pasa nma VPN Router WAN2 IP NAT Router at employer s Fully Qualified Domain Names FQDN at telecommuter s Remote PC main office required for Fixed IP addresses home office running NETGEAR required for Dynamic IP addresses ProSafe VPN Client Remote PC must re establish VPN tunnel after a rollover Figure 3 18 Dual gateway WAN ports after rollover for VPN telecommuter Network Planning 3 13 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports The purpose of the fully qualified domain name is this case is to toggle the domain name of the gateway router between the IP addresses of the active WAN port i e WAN1 and WAN72 so that the remote PC client can determine the gateway IP address to establish or re establish a VPN tunnel VPN Telecommuter Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Load Balancing In the case of the dual WAN ports on the gateway VPN firewall Figure 3 19 the remote PC client initiates the VPN tunnel with the appropriate gateway WAN port 1 e port WAN1 or WAN2 as necessary to balance the loads of the two gateway WAN ports because the IP address of the remote NAT router is not known in advance The chosen gateway WAN port must act as the responder 10 5 6 0 24 Te
120. er LED Not Ol cnco iacmictaiea 9 1 LEDS Navar Tarn Oi oari 9 2 LAN of lntemet Port LEDS Nof ON areiecisminiionnnaaaia aaa 9 2 Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface ccccccecesseeceeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeesaaeeeeaes 9 3 Troubleshooting he ISP Connection sii esersss aren meneiiiaaien aid R 9 4 Troubleshooting a TCP IP Network Using a Ping Utility 0 cece eeeeeeeeteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 9 5 Testing ihe LAN Path to Your Firewall dcccssnsscnccesarsocdssnmivouemes acdsee ivounamianesnade 9 5 Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device ccccceeeeeseeeeeeteeeeeneeeeeaees 9 6 Restoring the Default Configuration and Password cccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeetaeeeeeeeees 9 7 Propiome wiih Dale ard TIMO sareren 9 7 Appendix A Technical Specifications Appendix B Network Routing Firewall and Basics Rslated PUBICANONS siginti araia aE AAA B 1 Bane ROU CONGEDI isan crac ss eis aaae aSa Eaa aED B 1 Anatea POU aeai aeina B 2 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Rouling Internation Prototol sic csiscsctscsccosmctecacdemevandioantgventesrteanoiaiivenonieyacvenhend B 2 IP Addresses and the Mernel ausicaa aa uaaa eae B 2 ET S a EE E P A P EE E E E E T E E A B 4 Supreet Address NO saran n aE AN R A B 5 PIS IF PRO ainena a ea A ENSE B 7 Single IP Address Operation Using NAT s ssscdisccccsscetiscccentecdeeniietsscestwtpantleseedet
121. er Server 1 or Server 2 fields empty they get set to Default Netgear NTP servers WAN Ports You can monitor the status of the WAN connections Dynamic DNS services and Internet traffic information WAN Port Connection Status Invoke the Connection Status screen from WAN ISP Basic Settings screens by clicking on WAN Status to view the current connection state of the WAN port Connection Status IP Address 10 1 1 148 Subnet Mask 255 255 254 0 Default Gateway 10 1 1 13 DHCP Server 10 1 1 7 DNS Server 10 1 1 6 Lease Obtained Wed Dec 8 19 31 39 2004 Lease Duration 0 Days 4 00 00 Release Renew Close Window Figure 8 7 Connection Status screen 8 18 Router and Network Management 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Dynamic DNS Status Invoke the Dynamic DNS Status screen from Dynamic DNS screen by clicking Show Status to see the current DDNS Status in a sub window DynDNS DynDNS service is not enabled TZO TZO service is not enabled Oray Oray service is not enabled Figure 8 8 Dynamic DNS Status screen Internet Traffic Information The Internet Traffic screen provides the following information e Internet Traffic Statistics This displays statistics on Internet Traffic via the WAN port If you have not enabled the Traffic Meter these statistics are not available e Traffic by Protocol Click this button i
122. erence Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 1 4 About This Manual 202 10085 01 March 2005 Chapter 2 Introduction This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Key Features of the VPN Firewall The FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports with 4 port switch connects your local area network LAN to the Internet through an external access device such as a cable modem or DSL modem The FVS124G is a complete security solution that protects your network from attacks and intrusions Unlike simple Internet sharing firewalls that rely on Network Address Translation for security the FVS124G uses Stateful Packet Inspection for Denial of Service DoS attack protection and intrusion detection The FVS124G VPN Firewall provides you with multiple Web content filtering options plus browsing activity reporting and instant alerts both via e mail Network administrators can establish restricted access policies based on time of day Website addresses and address keywords With minimum setup you can install and use the firewall within minutes The FVS124G VPN Firewall provides the following features e 2 10 100 Mbps ports for an Ethernet connection to a WAN device such as a cable modem or DSL modem e Dual WAN ports provide for increased system reliability and provide load balancing e Support f
123. erface Web browser access normally uses the standard HTTP service port 80 For greater security you can change the remote management web interface to a custom port by entering that number in the box provided Choose a number between 1024 and 65535 but do not use the number of any common service port The default is 8080 which is a common alternate for HTTP 4 Click Apply to have your changes take effect 5 When accessing your firewall from the Internet the Secure Sockets Layer SSL will be enabled You will enter https and type your firewall s WAN IP address into your browser followed by a colon and the custom port number For example if your WAN IP address is 134 177 0 123 and you use port number 8080 type the following in your browser https 134 177 0 123 8080 The router s remote login URL is https IP_address port_number or https FullyQualifiedDomainName port_number If you do not use the SSL https address but rather use http address the FVS124G will automatically attempt to redirect to https address Note The first time you remotely connect the FVS124G with a browser via SSL you may get a message regarding the SSL certificate If you are using a Windows computer with Internet Explorer 5 5 or higher simply click Yes to accept the certificate Tip If you are using a dynamic DNS service such as TZO you can always identify the IP address of your FVS124G by running TRACERT from the Windows Start menu Run
124. error persists you might have a hardware problem and should contact technical support LAN or Internet Port LEDs Not On If either the LAN LEDs or Internet LED do not light when the Ethernet connection is made check the following e Make sure that the Ethernet cable connections are secure at the firewall and at the hub or workstation e Make sure that power is turned on to the connected hub or workstation e Be sure you are using the correct cable When connecting the firewall s Internet port to a cable or DSL modem use the cable that was supplied with the cable or DSL modem This cable could be a standard straight through Ethernet cable or an Ethernet crossover cable 9 2 Troubleshooting 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface If you are unable to access the firewall s Web Configuration interface from a PC on your local network check the following Check the Ethernet connection between the PC and the firewall as described in the previous section Make sure your PC s IP address is on the same subnet as the firewall If you are using the recommended addressing scheme your PC s address should be in the range of 192 168 0 2 to 192 168 0 254 Note If your PC s IP address is shown as 169 254 x x Recent versions of Windows and MacOS will generate and assign an IP address if the computer cannot
125. ervers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your location If you are unsure refer to the Acceptable Use Policy of your ISP Remember that allowing inbound services opens holes in your FVS124G VPN Firewall Only enable those ports that are necessary for your network Inbound Rule Example A Local Public Web Server If you host a public web server on your local network you can define a rule to allow inbound web HTTP requests from any outside IP address to the IP address of your web server at any time of day This rule is shown in Figure 6 3 Inbound Services Serice HTTPTCP 80 None Action ALLOW always ha Select Schedule Send to LAN Server 192 res f 99 r sauna 7 WAN Users Any start finish a Destination Address Any a A QoS Priority None Log Never Back Apply Canc Figure 6 3 Rule example a local public web server Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 6 7 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Inbound Rule Example Allowing Videoconference from Restricted Addresses If you want to allow incoming videoconferencing to be initiated from a restricted range of outside IP addresses such as from a branch office you can create an inbound rule In the example shown in Figure 6 4 CU SeeMe connections are allowed only from a specified range of external IP
126. ervice Provider box and register for an account For example for dyndns org go to www dyndns org Select the Use a dynamic DNS service check box Select the name of your dynamic DNS Service Provider Type the entire FQDN name that your dynamic DNS service provider gave you such as myName dyndns org 7 Type the user name for logging into your dynamic DNS account 8 Type the password or key for your dynamic DNS account 9 If your dynamic DNS provider allows the use of wildcards in resolving your URL you may select the Use wildcards check box to activate this feature For example the wildcard feature will cause yourhost dyndns org to be aliased to the same IP address as yourhost dyndns org 10 Click Apply to save your configuration 4 22 Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Note If your ISP assigns a private WAN IP address such as 192 168 x x or 10 x x x the dynamic DNS service will not work because private addresses will not be routed on the Internet gt Step 6 Configure the WAN Options If Needed Perform the following steps to configure the WAN options 1 Ifyou haven t already log in to the firewall at its default LAN address of http 192 168 1 1 with its default user name of admin default password of password or using whatever password and LAN address you have
127. es exchanging information are really who they claim to be D DHCP An Ethernet protocol specifying how a centralized DHCP server can assign network configuration information to multiple DHCP clients The assigned information includes IP addresses DNS addresses and gateway router addresses DNS Short for Domain Name System or Service an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses Because domain names are alphabetic they re easier to remember The Internet however is really Glossary 3 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports based on IP addresses Every time you use a domain name therefore a DNS service must translate the name into the corresponding IP address For example the domain name www example com might translate to 198 105 232 4 The DNS system is in fact its own network If one DNS server doesn t know how to translate a particular domain name it asks another one and so on until the correct IP address is returned Domain Name A descriptive name for an address or group of addresses on the Internet Domain names are of the form of a registered entity name plus one of a number of predefined top level suffixes such as com edu uk etc For example in the address mail NETGEAR com mail is a server name and NETGEAR com is the domain DSL Short for digital subscriber line but is commonly used in reference to the asy
128. estination IP address for the chosen station is included as part of the message so that only the station with this IP address responds to the ARP request All other stations discard the request Related Documents The station with the correct IP address responds with its own MAC address directly to the sending device The receiving station provides the transmitting station with the required destination MAC address The IP address data and MAC address data for each station are held in an ARP table The next time data is sent the address can be obtained from the address information in the table For more information about address assignment refer to the IETF documents RFC 1597 Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466 Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space For more information about IP address translation refer to RFC 1631 The IP Network Address Translator NAT Network Routing Firewall and Basics B 9 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Domain Name Server Many of the resources on the Internet can be addressed by simple descriptive names such as www NETGEAR com This addressing is very helpful at the application level but the descriptive name must be translated to an IP address in order for a user to actually contact the resource Just as a telephone directory maps names to phone numbers or as an ARP table maps IP addresses to MAC
129. et gt Worcester UK All rights reserved TERMS Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted subject to the following conditions 1 Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer 2 Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution 3 The copyright holder s name must not be used to endorse or promote any products derived from this software without his specific prior written permission This software is provided as is with no express or implied warranties of correctness or fitness for purpose 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Open SSL Copyright c 1998 2000 The OpenSSL Project All rights reserved Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that the following conditions are met 1 Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer 2 Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and or other materials provid
130. et will be blocked e Block all traffic except E mail Only E mail traffic will be allowed All other traffic will be blocked e If using this option you may also select the Send E mail alert option You must configure the E mail screen in order for this function to work Internet Traffic Statistics This displays statistics on Internet Traffic via the WAN port If you have not enabled the Traffic Meter these statistics are not available Traffic by Protocol Click this button if you want to know more details of the Internet Traffic The volume of traffic for each protocol will be displayed in a sub window Traffic counters are updated in MBytes scale counter starts only when traffic passed is at least 1MB Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Step 4 Configure the WAN Mode Required for Dual WAN The dual WAN ports of the FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports can be configured on a mutually exclusive basis for either rollover for increased system reliability or load balancing for maximum bandwidth efficiency Rollover Auto Rollover Mode In this mode the selected WAN interface is made primary and the other is the rollover link As long as the primary link is up all traffic is sent over the primary link Once the primary WAN interface goes down the rollover li
131. f you want to know more details of the Internet Traffic The volume of traffic for each protocol will be displayed in a sub window Traffic counters are updated in MBytes scale and the counter starts only when traffic passed is at least 1 MB Router and Network Management 8 19 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Traffic Meter WAN2 Internet Traffic Meter I Enable Traffic Meter No limit Download only Both Directions Monthly Limit MBytes I Increase this month s limit by MBytes This month s limit MBytes Araffic counter Restart traffic counter at am z on thel gt day of each month Send E mail Report before restarting counter Restart Counter Now When Limit is reached Block all traffic Block all traffic except E mail I Send E mail alert WANT ernet Traffic Statistics Start Date Time 00 00 00 00 00 00 Outgoing Traffic Volume MBytes Start Date 00 00 00 00 00 00 End Date 00 00 00 05 34 07 Incoming Traffic Volume MBytes tiid nti ttt Cuigoing treme Total Traffic Volume MBytes Total MBytes MBytes Per Day Total MBytes MBytes Per Day Average per day HTTP 0 0 0 0 of Standard Limit Ema 0 0 0 0 of this Month s Limit iia 5 A F Apply Cancel Refresh Close Figure 8 9 Internet Traffic information LAN Ports and Attached Devices Known PCs
132. for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Programming the Traffic Meter if Desired From the Main Menu of the browser interface under WAN Setup click Traffic Meter You will get the screens shown in Figure 4 5 Fill out the information described in Table 4 1 Traffic Meter Wan Internet Traffic Meter I Enable Traffic Meter No limit Download only Both Directions Monthly Limit MBytes MBytes I Increase this month s limit by MBytes This month s limit Traffic counter Restart traffic counter al am z on the z day of each month I Send E mail Report before restarting counter Restart Counter Now When Limit is reached Block all traffic C Block all traffic except E mail I Send E mail alert internet Traffic Statistics Start Date Time 00 00 00 00 00 00 Outgoing Traffic Volume MBytes Incoming Traffic Volume MBytes Total Traffic Volume MBytes Average per day of Standard Limit of this Month s Limit wani Start Date 00 00 00 00 00 00 End Date 00 00 00 05 34 07 Incoming Traffic Outgoing Traffic Protocol Total MBytes MBytes Per Day Total MBytes MBytes Per Day HTTP 0 0 0 0 E_mail 0 0 0 0 Other 0 0 0 0 Total 0 0 0 0 Refresh Close Figure 4 5 Traffic Meter screens Traffic Meter D Internet Traffic Meter I Enable Traffic Meter No limit Download onty C B
133. for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Wide Area Network A WAN is a computer network that spans a relatively large geographical area Typically a WAN consists of two or more local area networks LANs Wi Fi A trade name for the 802 11b wireless networking standard given by the Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance WECA see http www wi fi net an industry standards group promoting interoperability among 802 11b devices Windows Internet Naming Service WINS Windows Internet Naming Service is a server process for resolving Windows based computer names to IP addresses If a remote network contains a WINS server your Windows PCs can gather information from that WINS server about its local hosts This allows your PCs to browse that remote network using the Windows Network Neighborhood feature WINS WINS Windows Internet Naming Service is a server process for resolving Windows based computer names to IP addresses Wireless Network Name SSID Wireless Network Name SSID is the name assigned to a wireless network This is the same as the SSID or ESSID configuration parameter WPA Wi Fi Protected Access WPA is a specification of standards based interoperable security enhancements that increase the level of data protection and access control for existing and future wireless LAN systems Glossary 11 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LA
134. ftware and TCP IP software are both installed and configured on your PC or workstation Verify that the IP address for your firewall and your workstation are correct and that the addresses are on the same subnet Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device After verifying that the LAN path works correctly test the path from your PC to a remote device From the Windows run menu type PING n 10 lt IP address gt where lt P address gt is the IP address of a remote device such as your ISP s DNS server If the path is functioning correctly replies as in the previous section are displayed If you do not receive replies Check that your PC has the IP address of your firewall listed as the default gateway If the IP configuration of your PC is assigned by DHCP this information will not be visible in your PC s Network Control Panel Check to see that the network address of your PC the portion of the IP address specified by the netmask is different from the network address of the remote device Check that your cable or DSL modem is connected and functioning If your ISP assigned a host name to your PC enter that host name as the Account Name in the Basic Settings menu 9 6 Troubleshooting 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Your ISP could be rejecting the Ethernet MAC addresses of all but one of your PCs Many broa
135. fy Windows Networking Component cceceeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees C 7 Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP IP Settings cccceeeeeeeee C 8 DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows AP cascine C 8 DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows 2000 ceeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseteeeeeeeeees C 10 DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows NT4 ciccccccccsssiscesscccsesecesesssnetanencnase C 13 Verifying TCP IP Properties for Windows XP 2000 and NT4 eseese C 15 Configuring the Macintosh for TCP IP Networking ccccccsesceececeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees C 16 Pic RN el eo aerrerreterre rene ee Verner ttrr errr eter Prec r er reer er er rrre tr mrrerrrce ater et rrerrr C 16 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports MATORA oaar eee ee ee een ee ere ree et eer eer ere C 16 Verifying TCP IP Properties for Macintosh Computers c ccccceseessteeeeseeeeees C 17 Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet Account cccceeeesscceeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeee C 18 Are Login Protocols WS sirimiri nirani a S panera C 18 What ls Your Configuration Mionmaton sssini C 18 Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers 60 C 19 Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers 06 C 20 ees LINGO Ne NONO Denn re pene rire EeCnnE nr rr ten irre a C 21 Appendix D Virtual Private Netw
136. g elements Table 2 2 FVS124G rear panel Item Description Factory Defaults Factory Defaults reset push button see Default Factory Settings on page 2 10 for the Button factory defaults LAN Ports 4 port RJ 45 10 100 1000 Mbps Fast Ethernet Switch N way automatic speed negotiation auto MDI MDIX WAN Ports Two RJ 45 WAN ports N way automatic speed negotiation Auto MDI MDIX AC Power 12 VDC 1 2A Adapter Connection The Router s IP Address Login Name and Password Check the label on the bottom of the FVS124G s enclosure if you forget the following factory default information e IP Address http 192 168 1 1 to reach the Web based GUI from the LAN e User name admin e Password password 2 8 Introduction 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports NETGEAR ProSafe Dual WAN VPN Gigabit Firewall FVS124G LAN IP Address DEFAULT ACCESS User Name http 192 168 1 1 Password user name admin o C Fe FC meer password password FOR HOME OR OFFICE USE SERIAL ea vr hz remen hz 272 10214 01 Figure 2 3 FVS124G Bottom Label Logging into the Router To log into the FVS124G once it is connected 1 Open a Web browser 2 Enter http 192 168 1 1 as the URL 3 Once you get the login screen Figure 2 4 enter the following information e admin for User Name e password for Password
137. ght conductors arranged in four twisted pairs and terminated with an RJ45 type connector A normal straight through UTP Ethernet cable follows the EIA568B standard wiring as described below in Table B 1 Network Routing Firewall and Basics B 11 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Table B 1 UTP Ethernet cable wiring straight through Pin Wire color Signal 1 Orange White Transmit Tx 2 Orange Transmit Tx 3 Green White Receive Rx 4 Blue 5 Blue White 6 Green Receive Rx 7 Brown White 8 Brown Category 5 Cable Quality Category 5 distributed cable that meets ANSI EIA TIA 568 A building wiring standards can be a maximum of 328 feet ft or 100 meters m in length divided as follows 20 ft 6 m between the hub and the patch panel if used 295 ft 90 m from the wiring closet to the wall outlet 10 ft 3 m from the wall outlet to the desktop device The patch panel and other connecting hardware must meet the requirements for 100 Mbps operation Category 5 Only 0 5 inch 1 5 cm of untwist in the wire pair is allowed at any termination point A twisted pair Ethernet network operating at 10 Mbits second 1OBASE T will often tolerate low quality cables but at 100 Mbits second LOBASE Tx the cable must be rated as Category 5 or Cat 5 by the Electronic Industry Association EIA This rating wi
138. guration Information More and more ISPs are dynamically assigning configuration information However if your ISP does not dynamically assign configuration information but instead used fixed configurations your ISP should have given you the following basic information for your account C 18 Preparing Your Network 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e An IP address and subnet mask e A gateway IP address which is the address of the ISP s router e One or more domain name server DNS IP addresses e Host name and domain suffix For example your account s full server names may look like this mail xxx yyy com In this example the domain suffix is xxx yyy com If any of these items are dynamically supplied by the ISP your firewall automatically acquires them If an ISP technician configured your PC during the installation of the broadband modem or if you configured it using instructions provided by your ISP you need to copy the configuration information from your PC s Network TCP IP Properties window or Macintosh TCP IP Control Panel before reconfiguring your PC for use with the firewall These procedures are described next Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers As mentioned above you may need to collect configuration information from your PC so that you can use this information when you configure the FVS124G VPN Firew
139. guring LAN TCP IP Setup Parameters LAN TCP IP Setup The default values are suitable for most users and situations These are advanced settings that you may configure if you are a network administrator RIP is applicable if your network contains multiple routers e IP Address Type the IP address of your router factory default 192 168 1 1 5 2 LAN Configuration 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports IP Subnet Mask The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address Your router will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign Unless you are implementing subnetting use 255 255 255 0 as the subnet mask computed by the router RIP Direction RIP Routing Information Protocol RFC 2453 allows a router to exchange routing information with other routers The RIP Direction selection controls how the router sends and receives RIP packets Both is the default When set to Both or Out Only the router will broadcast its routing table periodically When set to Both or In Only it will incorporate the RIP information that it receives When set to None it will not send any RIP packets and will ignore any RIP packets received RIP Version This controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP packets that the router sends It recognizes both formats when receiving By default this is se
140. he Gateway IP Address which must be a firewall on the same LAN segment as the firewall LAN Configuration 5 7 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 8 Type a number between 1 and 15 as the Metric value This represents the number of firewalls between your network and the destination Usually a setting of 2 or 3 works but if this is a direct connection set it to 1 9 Click Apply to have the static route entered into the table As an example of when a static route is needed consider the following case e Your primary Internet access is through a cable modem to an ISP e You have an ISDN firewall on your home network for connecting to the company where you are employed This firewall s address on your LAN is 192 168 1 100 e Your company s network is 134 177 0 0 When you first configured your firewall two implicit static routes were created A default route was created with your ISP as the gateway and a second static route was created to your local network for all 192 168 1 x addresses With this configuration if you attempt to access a device on the 134 177 0 0 network your firewall will forward your request to the ISP The ISP forwards your request to the company where you are employed and the request will likely be denied by the company s firewall In this case you must define a static route telling your firewall that 134 177 0 0 should be a
141. he LAN screen enabled is strongly recommended e Scanning the Network The local network is scanned using standard methods such as arp This will detect active devices which are not DHCP clients However sometimes the name of the PC or device cannot be accurately determined and will be shown as Unknown See Managing Groups and Hosts on page 6 20 for the procedure on how to use this feature Schedule If you have set firewall rules on the Rules screen you can configure three different schedules i e schedule 1 schedule 2 and schedule 3 for when a rule is to be applied Once a schedule is configured it affects all Rules that use this schedule You specify the days of the week and time of day for each schedule Router and Network Management 8 3 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports See Using a Schedule to Block or Allow Specific Traffic on page 6 22 for the procedure on how to use this feature Block Sites If you want to reduce traffic by preventing access to certain sites on the Internet you can use the VPN firewall s filtering feature By default this feature is disabled all requested traffic from any Web site is allowed e Keyword and domain name blocking You can specify up to 32 words that should they appear in the website name i e URL or in a newsgroup name will cause that site or newsgroup to be blocked by the VPN firew
142. he rule is applied to a range of Internet IP addresses e Services You can specify the desired Services or applications to be covered by this rule If the desired service or application does not appear in the list you must define it using the Services menu see Services on page 8 3 e Schedule You can specify whether the rule is to be applied on the Schedule 1 Schedule 2 or Schedule 3 time schedule see Schedule on page 8 3 See Using Rules to Block or Allow Specific Kinds of Traffic on page 6 1 for the procedure on how to use this feature Services The Rules menu contains a list of predefined Services for creating firewall rules If a service does not appear in the predefined Services list you can define the service The new service will then appear in the Rules menu s Services list See Services Based Rules on page 6 4 for the procedure on how to use this feature Groups and Hosts You can apply these rules selectively to groups of PCs to reduce the outbound or inbound traffic The Network Database is an automatically maintained list of all known PCs and network devices PCs and devices become known by the following methods e DHCP Client Request By default the DHCP server in this Router is enabled and will accept and respond to DHCP client requests from PCs and other network devices These requests also generate an entry in the Network Database Because of this leaving the DHCP Server feature on t
143. hey appear to be IBM Glossary of Computing Terms MAC address The Media Access Control address is a unique 48 bit hardware address assigned to every network interface card Usually written in the form 01 23 45 67 89 ab Maximum Receive Unit The size in bytes of the largest packet that can be sent or received Maximum Transmit Unit The size in bytes of the largest packet that can be sent or received Mbps Megabits per second MDI MDIX In cable wiring the concept of transmit and receive are from the perspective of the PC which is wired as a Media Dependant Interface MDI In MDI wiring a PC transmits on pins and 2 At the hub switch router or access point the perspective is reversed and the hub receives on pins 1 and 2 This wiring is referred to as Media Dependant Interface Crossover MDI X MTU The size in bytes of the largest packet that can be sent or received Glossary 7 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports P packet A block of information sent over a network A packet typically contains a source and destination network address some protocol and length information a block of data and a checksum Point to Point Protocol PPP A protocol allowing a computer using TCP IP to connect directly to the Internet PPP A protocol allowing a computer using TCP IP to connect directly to the Internet PPPoA PPPoA PPP over ATM is a
144. ibliography in Additional Reading on page D 11 D 6 Virtual Private Networking 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports VPN Process Overview Even though IPSec is standards based each vendor has its own set of terms and procedures for implementing the standard Because of these differences it may be a good idea to review some of the terms and the generic processes for connecting two gateways before diving into to the specifics Network Interfaces and Addresses The VPN gateway is aptly named because it functions as a gatekeeper for each of the computers connected on the Local Area Network behind it In most cases each Gateway will have a public facing address WAN side and a private facing address LAN side These addresses are referred to as the network interface in documentation regarding the construction of VPN communication Please note that the addresses used in the example Interface Addressing This TechNote uses example addresses provided the VPN Consortium It is important to understand that you will be using addresses specific to the devices that you are attempting to connect via IPSec VPN 10 5 6 0 24 172 23 9 0 24 VPNC Example Network Interface Addressing Gateway A Gateway B ane 14 15 1617 22 23 24 25 J 10 5 61 WAN IP 2 EE 172 23 9 1 Figure 9 7 VPNC Example Network Interface Addressing
145. ically chosen from the range 1024 to 65535 by the authors of the application 6 16 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Although the FVS124G already holds a list of many service port numbers you are not limited to these choices Use the Services menu to add additional services and applications to the list for use in defining firewall rules The Services menu shows a list of services that you have defined as shown in Figure 6 11 Services Service Table Name Type Priority Ports TCP or UDP EditSevice Delete Sevice Services Service Definition Name Type TCP hd Start Port Finish Port Default QoS Priority None gt Back Apply Cancel Figure 6 11 Services and Add Custom Service screens To define a new service first you must determine which port number or range of numbers is used by the application This information can usually be determined by contacting the publisher of the application or from user groups of newsgroups When you have the port number information go the Services menu and click on the Add Custom Service button The Add Services menu will appear as shown in Figure 6 11 To add a service 1 Enter a descriptive name for the service so that you will remember what it is 2 Select whether the service uses TCP or UDP as its transport protocol If you
146. ill manually configure the network settings of all of your computers clear the Use firewall as DHCP server check box Otherwise leave it checked Specify the pool of IP addresses to be assigned by setting the Starting IP Address and Ending IP Address These addresses should be part of the same IP address subnet as the firewall s LAN IP address Using the default addressing scheme you should define a range between 192 168 1 2 and 192 168 1 253 although you may wish to save part of the range for devices with fixed addresses The firewall will deliver the following parameters to any LAN device that requests DHCP e An IP Address from the range you have defined e Subnet Mask e Gateway IP Address the firewall s LAN IP address 5 4 LAN Configuration 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e Primary DNS Server if you entered a Primary DNS address in the Basic Settings menu otherwise the firewall s LAN IP address e Secondary DNS Server if you entered a Secondary DNS address in the Basic Settings menu e WINS Server if you entered a Secondary DNS address in the Basic Settings menu Using Address Reservation When you specify a reserved IP address for a PC on the LAN that PC will always receive the same IP address each time it access the firewall s DHCP server Reserved IP addresses should be assigned to servers that require permanent IP setti
147. ime of day The FVS124G VPN Firewall uses the Network Time Protocol NTP to obtain the current time from one of several Network Time Servers on the Internet Each entry in the log is stamped with the date and time of day Problems with the date and time function can include e Date shown is January 1 2000 Cause The firewall has not yet successfully reached a Network Time Server Check that your Internet access settings are configured correctly If you have just completed configuring the firewall wait at least five minutes and check the date and time again Troubleshooting 9 7 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e Time is off by one hour Cause The firewall does not automatically sense Daylight Savings Time In the E Mail menu check or uncheck the box marked Adjust for Daylight Savings Time 9 8 Troubleshooting 202 10085 01 March 2005 Appendix A Technical Specifications This appendix provides technical specifications for the FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Network Protocol and Standards Compatibility Data and Routing Protocols Power Adapter Voltage and amperage Physical Specifications Dimensions Weight Environmental Specifications Operating temperature Operating humidity Electromagnetic Emissions Meets requirements of TCP IP RIP 1 RIP 2 DHCP PPP over Ethernet PPPoE
148. in timeout Apply Cancel Figure 8 1 Set Password menu To change the password first enter the old password and then enter the new password twice Click Apply To change the login idle timeout change the number of minutes and click Apply Note If you make the administrator login timeout value too large you will have to wait a long time before you are able to log back into the router if your previous login was disrupted i e you did not click Logout on the Main Menu bar to log out The password and timeout value you enter will be changed back to password and 5 minutes respectively after a factory defaults reset 8 8 Router and Network Management 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Enabling Remote Management Access Using the Remote Management page you can allow an administrator on the Internet to configure upgrade and check the status of your FVS124G VPN Firewall You must be logged in locally to enable remote management see Step 2 Log in to the VPN Firewall Required on page 4 7 Note Be sure to change the firewall s default configuration password to a very secure gt password The ideal password should contain no dictionary words from any language and should be a mixture of letters both upper and lower case numbers and symbols Your password can be up to 30 characters See Changing the Passwords and Login Timeou
149. ing 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Network Database Known PCs and Devices Name iPaddress mMacaddress Group C Eng temp 192 168 1 2 00 08 02 11 28 31 defaut z Network Database Group Names Refresh Edit Group Names E Group 1 default Network Database Entry wip Marketing arketing Group 3 Sales Network Database Entry Group 4 Warehouse Name Group 5 Suppor IP Address Type Reserved DHCP Client 7 Group 6 Labi IP Address 3 gt Group 7 lab2 MAC Address Group 8 Others Beck Anply _Cence Beck Apy _Concei Figure 6 13 Groups and Hosts screens Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 6 21 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Table 6 3 Groups and hosts Item Description Known PCs and This table lists all current entries in the Network Database For each PC or device Devices the following data is displayed e Radio button Use this to select a PC for editing or deletion Name The name of the PC or device Sometimes this can not be determined and will be listed as Unknown In this case you can edit the entry to adda meaningful name IP Address The current IP address For DHCP clients where the IP address is alloca
150. irewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports The IP addresses of the gateway WAN ports can be either fixed or dynamic If an IP address is dynamic a fully qualified domain name must be used If an IP address is fixed a fully qualified domain name is optional VPN Gateway to Gateway The following situations exemplify the requirements for a gateway VPN firewall to establish a VPN tunnel with another gateway VPN firewall e Single gateway WAN ports e Redundant dual gateway WAN ports for increased reliability before and after rollover e Dual gateway WAN ports used for load balancing VPN Gateway to Gateway Single Gateway WAN Ports Reference Case In the case of single WAN ports on the gateway VPN firewalls Figure 3 12 either gateway WAN port can initiate the VPN tunnel with the other gateway WAN port because the IP addresses are known in advance 10 5 6 0 24 172 23 9 0 24 Gateway to Gateway Example Single WAN Ports Gateway A Gateway B LAN IP E WAN IP WAN IP a a n INTI 7 E 10 5 61 FQDN SEES 172 23 9 1 VPN Router etgear dyndns org 22 23 24 25 VPN Router at office A at office B Fully Qualified Domain Names FQDN optional for Fixed IP addresses required for Dynamic IP addresses Figure 3 12 Single gateway WAN ports case for gateway to gateway VPN tunnels The IP address of the gateway WAN ports can be either fixed or dynamic If an IP address is dynamic a fully qualified do
151. irewalls and Internet Security Repelling the Wily Hacker William R Cheswick and Steven M Bellovin Addison Wesley ISBN 0201633574 e VPNs A Beginners Guide John Mains McGraw Hill ISBN 0072191813 e FF98 Floyd S and Fall K Promoting the Use of End to End Congestion Control in the Internet IEEE ACM Transactions on Networking August 1999 Relevant RFCs listed numerically Virtual Private Networking D 11 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e RFC 791 Internet Protocol DARPA Internet Program Protocol Specification Information Sciences Institute USC September 1981 e RFC 1058 Routing Information Protocol C Hedrick Rutgers University June 1988 e RFC 1483 Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 Juha Heinanen Telecom Finland July 1993 e RFC 2401 S Kent R Atkinson Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol RFC 2401 November 1998 e RFC 2407 D Piper The Internet IP Security Domain of Interpretation for ISAKMP November 1998 e RFC 2474 K Nichols S Blake F Baker D Black Definition of the Differentiated Services Field DS Field in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers December 1998 e RFC 2475 S Blake D Black M Carlson E Davies Z Wang and W Weiss An Architecture for Differentiated Services December 1998 e RFC 2481 K Ramakrishnan S Floyd A Proposal to Add Explicit Congestion
152. is rule are logged Select the desired action Always always log traffic considered by this rule whether it matches or not This is useful when debugging your rules e Never never log traffic considered by this rule whether it matches or not Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Outbound Rule Example Blocking Instant Messenger If you want to block Instant Messenger usage by employees during working hours you can create an outbound rule to block that application from any internal IP address to any external address according to the schedule that you have created in the Schedule menu You can also have the firewall log any attempt to use Instant Messenger during that blocked period Outbound Services Senice AIMTCP 5190 None 7 janon BLOCK by schedule otherwise allow z Select Schedule Schedule 1 z LAN Users Any x start A l finish g y fo WAN Users Any x start A aL J finish j fo QoS Priority None gt Log Never v Back Apply Cancel Figure 6 9 Rule example Blocking Instant Messenger Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 6 15 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Order of Precedence for Rules As you define new rules they are added to the tables in the
153. itable name for this rule e g the name of the application Enable Disable select the desired option Outgoing Trigger Port Range enter the range of port numbers used by the application when it generates an outgoing request Incoming Response Port Range enter the range of port numbers used by the remote system when it responds to the PC s request e e e Modifying or Deleting an existing Rule e Select the desired rule by clicking the radio button beside the rule e Click Edit or Delete as desired Checking Operation and Status To see which rules are currently being used click the Status button The following data will be displayed e Rule the name of the Rule LAN IP Address The IP address of the PC currently using this rule Open Ports the Incoming ports which are associated the this rule Incoming traffic using one of these ports will be sent to the IP address above Time Remaining The time remaining before this rule is released and thus available for other PCs This timer is restarted whenever incoming or outgoing traffic is received Getting E Mail Notifications of Event Logs and Alerts Your router will log security related events such as denied incoming service requests hacker probes and administrator logins according to your settings on this screen If you have set up content filtering on the Block Sites page see Block Sites on page 6 24 you can also l
154. k Add c Select Microsoft d Select TCP IP and then click OK Preparing Your Network C 3 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports If you need Client for Microsoft Networks a b c d Click the Add button Select Client and then click Add Select Microsoft Select Client for Microsoft Networks and then click OK 3 Restart your PC for the changes to take effect Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP IP Settings After the TCP IP protocol components are installed each PC must be assigned specific information about itself and resources that are available on its network The simplest way to configure this information is to allow the PC to obtain the information from a DHCP server in the network You will find there are many similarities in the procedures for different Windows systems when using DHCP to configure TCP IP The following steps will walk you through the configuration process for each of these versi ons of Windows Locate your Network Neighborhood icon If the Network Neighborhood icon is on the Windows desktop position your mouse pointer over it and right click your mouse button If the icon is not on the desktop e Click Start on the task bar located at the bottom left of the window e Choose Settings and then Control Panel e Locate the Network Neighborhood icon and click on it This will open
155. k here to register Cancel Show Status Dynamic DNS wane z FQDN setup for WAN2 port Use a dynamic DNS service None C DynDNS org Click here for information C TZO com Click here for free trial lt Select Dynamic DNS service C Oray net Click here to register Apply Cancel Show Status Figure 7 3 Functional operation of FVS124G WAN ports for load balancing mode 7 4 Virtual Private Networking 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Creating a VPN Connection Between FVX538 and FVS124G This section describes how to configure a VPN connection between a NETGEAR FVX538 VPN Firewall and a NETGEAR FVS124G VPN Firewall Using each firewall s VPN Wizard we will create a set of policies IKE and VPN that will allow the two firewalls to connect from locations with fixed IP addresses Either firewall can initiate the connection This procedure was developed and tested using e Netgear FVX538 VPN Firewall with version 1 6 11 firmware WANT IP address is 10 1 0 118 LAN IP address subnet is 192 168 1 1 255 255 255 0 e Netgear FVS124g VPN Firewall with version 1 0 firmware WAN IP address is 10 1 1 150 LAN IP address subnet is 192 168 2 1 255 255 255 0 Configuring the FVX538 1 Select the VPN Wizard Give the client connection a name such as to_fvs Enter a value for the pre shared key eF Ye N Select a remote VPN gateway
156. l WAN Ports Firmware Upgrade Locate and Select the Upgrade File from your Hard Disk l Browse Be careful how you use this bo Upload Cancel Figure 8 19 Router Upgrade menu To upload new firmware l 2 Download and unzip the new software file from NETGEAR In the Router Upgrade menu click the Browse button and browse to the location of the binary image IMG upgrade file Click Upload Note When uploading software to the FVS124G VPN Firewall it is important not to interrupt the Web browser by closing the window clicking a link or loading a new page If the browser is interrupted it may corrupt the software When the upload is complete your firewall will automatically restart The upgrade process will typically take about one minute In some cases you may need to reconfigure the firewall after upgrading Erasing the Configuration Factory Defaults Reset It is sometimes desirable to restore the firewall to a known blank condition This can be done by using the Erase function which will restore all factory settings After an erase the firewall s password will be password the LAN IP address will be 192 168 1 1 and the firewall s DHCP client will be enabled To erase the configuration and reset the router to the original factory default settings click the Erase button see Figure 8 18 IMPORTANT Do not try to go online turn off the router shutdown the computer or do anything else to the
157. l WAN Ports How to Print this Manual To print this manual you can choose one of the following several options according to your needs e Printing a Page in the HTML View Each page in the HTML version of the manual is dedicated to a major topic Use the Print button on the browser toolbar to print the page contents e Printing a Chapter Use the PDF of This Chapter link at the top left of any page Click the PDF of This Chapter link at the top right of any page in the chapter you want to print The PDF version of the chapter you were viewing opens in a browser window Note Your computer must have the free Adobe Acrobat reader installed in order to view and print PDF files The Acrobat reader is available on the Adobe Web site at http www adobe com Click the print icon in the upper left of the window Tip If your printer supports printing two pages on a single sheet of paper you can save paper and printer ink by selecting this feature Printing the Full Manual Use the Complete PDF Manual link at the top left of any page Click the Complete PDF Manual link at the top left of any page in the manual The PDF version of the complete manual opens in a browser window Click the print icon in the upper left of the window Tip If your printer supports printing two pages on a single sheet of paper you can save paper and printer ink by selecting this feature About This Manual 1 3 202 10085 01 March 2005 Ref
158. l for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Monitoring You can view status information about the firewall WAN ports LAN ports and VPN tunnels and program SNMP connections Viewing VPN Firewall Status and Time Information Firewall Status The Router Status menu provides status and usage information From the main menu of the browser interface click on Management then select Router Status to view this screen 8 14 Router and Network Management 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Router Status System Name FVS124G Firmware Version Primary Secondary LAN Port MAC Address 00 03 47 DF 32 67 IP Address 192 168 1 1 DHCP enable IP Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 WAN1 Configuration WAN Mode rollover primary WAN State Up NAT Network Address Translation enabled Connection Type DHCP Connection State Connected IP Address 10 1 0 31 Subnet Mask 255 255 254 0 Gateway 10 1 1 13 Primary DNS 10 1 1 7 Secondary DNS 10 1 1 6 MAC Address 00 E0 4C 69 0A C8 WAN2 Configuration WAN Mode rollover secondary WAN State Down NAT Network Address Translation enabled Connection Type DHCP Connection State IP Address 0 0 0 0 Subnet Mask 0 0 0 0 Gateway Primary DNS 10 1 1 7 Secondary DNS 10 1 1 6 MAC Address 00 00 84 88 50 56 CELM System Up Time 0 Days 2 32 08 Port status TxPkts RxPkts Collisions TxBis R
159. lecommuter Example Dual WAN Ports Load Balancing Client B WAN1 IP NAT Router B i Gateway A bzrouter1 dyndns org WAN IP LAN IP gt a 10 5 6 1 bzrouter2 dyndns org one g VPN Router WANZ IP NAT Router atemployer s Fully Qualified Domain Names FQDN at telecommuter s Remote PC main office optional for Fixed IP addresses home office running NETGEAR required for Dynamic IP addresses ProSafe VPN Client Figure 3 19 Dual gateway WAN ports load balancing case for VPN telecommuter The IP addresses of the gateway WAN ports can be either fixed or dynamic If an IP address is dynamic a fully qualified domain name must be used If an IP address is fixed a fully qualified domain name is optional 3 14 Network Planning 202 10085 01 March 2005 Chapter 4 Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet This chapter describes how to connect the WAN ports of the FVS124G VPN Firewall to the Internet What You Will Need to Do Before You Begin The FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports is a powerful and versatile solution for your networking needs But to make the configuration process easier and to understand all of the choices available to you you need to think through the following items before you begin 1 Plan your network a Determine whether you are going to use one or both WAN ports For one WAN port you may need a fully qualified domain name either for convenience or if
160. lick this button to email the log immediately Administrator Information Consider the following operational items 1 Asan option you can enable remote management if you have to manage distant sites from a central location see Enabling Remote Management Access on page 8 9 2 Although rules see Using Rules to Block or Allow Specific Kinds of Traffic on page 6 1 is the basic way of managing the traffic through your system you can further refine your control with the following optional features of the FVS124G VPN Firewall Groups and hosts see Managing Groups and Hosts on page 6 20 Services see Services Based Rules on page 6 4 Schedules see Using a Schedule to Block or Allow Specific Traffic on page 6 22 Block sites see Block Sites on page 6 24 Source MAC filtering see Source MAC Filtering on page 6 27 Port triggering see Port Triggering on page 6 28 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 6 35 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 6 36 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 202 10085 01 March 2005 Chapter 7 Virtual Private Networking This chapter describes how to use the virtual private networking VPN features of the FVS124G VPN Firewall VPN tunnels provide secure encrypted communications between your local network and a remote network or c
161. ll 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports See Step 5 Configure Dynamic DNS If Needed on page 4 20 for how to select and configure the Dynamic DNS service FVS124G Functional Block Diagram FVS124G Firewall WAN 1 Port Rest of FVS124G FVS124G FVS124G WAN Port Rollover WAN 2 Port Internet Functions Functions Control FQDN required Dynamic DNS screen Dynamic DNS irorouoveR J lt j Same FADN setup for BOTH WAN ports Use a dynamic DNS service None C DynDNS org Click here for information i C TZO com Clickhere for free trial lt 4 Select Dynamic DNS service C Oray net lick here to register Cancel Show Status Figure 7 2 Functional operation of FVS124G WAN ports for rollover mode Virtual Private Networking 7 3 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports FVS124G Functional Block Diagram FVS124G Firewall WAN 1 Port Rest of FVS124G iar A a WAN Port _ Balancing Internet Functions Functions Control WAN 2 Port FQDN required dynamic IP addresses FQDN optional static IP addresses Dynamic DNS screens Dynamic DNS FQDN setup for WAN1 port Use a dynamic DNS service None C DynDNS org Click here for information C TZO com Click here for free trial lt Select Dynamic DNS service C Oray net Clic
162. ll be printed on the cable jacket A Category 5 cable will meet specified requirements regarding loss and crosstalk In addition there are restrictions on maximum cable length for both 10 and 100 Mbits second networks B 12 Network Routing Firewall and Basics 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Inside Twisted Pair Cables For two devices to communicate the transmitter of each device must be connected to the receiver of the other device The crossover function is usually implemented internally as part of the circuitry in the device Computers and workstation adapter cards are usually media dependent interface ports called MDI or uplink ports Most repeaters and switch ports are configured as media dependent interfaces with built in crossover ports called MDI X or normal ports Auto Uplink technology automatically senses which connection MDI or MDI X is needed and makes the right connection Figure B 1 illustrates straight through twisted pair cable Key A UPLINK OR MDI PORT as on a PC B Normal or MDI X port as on a hub or switch 1 2 3 6 Pin numbers Figure B 1 Straight Through Twisted Pair Cable Figure B 2 illustrates crossover twisted pair cable Key B Normal or MDI X port as on a hub or switch 1 2 3 6 Pin numbers Figure B 2 Crossover Twisted Pair Cable Network Routing Firewall and Basics B 13 202 1008
163. ll cause serious problems You can control specific outbound traffic i e from LAN to WAN Outbound Services lists all existing rules for outbound traffic If you have not defined any rules only the default rule will be listed The default rule allows all outgoing traffic Each rule lets you specify the desired action for the connections covered by the rule e BLOCK always e BLOCK by schedule otherwise Allow e ALLOW always e ALLOW by schedule otherwise Block As you define your firewall rules you can further refine their application according to the following criteria e LAN users These settings determine which computers on your network are affected by this rule Select the desired options Any All PCs and devices on your LAN Single address The rule will be applied to the address of a particular PC Address range The rule is applied to a range of addresses Groups The rule is applied to a Group you use the Network Database to assign PCs to Groups see Groups and Hosts on page 8 3 e WAN Users These settings determine which Internet locations are covered by the rule based on their IP address Any The rule applies to all Internet IP address Single address The rule applies to a single Internet IP address 8 2 Router and Network Management 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Address range T
164. llows some applications to function correctly that would otherwise be partially blocked by the firewall Using this feature requires that you know the port numbers used by the Application Once configured operation is as follows e A PC makes an outgoing connection using a port number defined in the Port Triggering table e This Router records this connection opens the additional INCOMING port or ports associated with this entry in the Port Triggering table and associates them with the PC e The remote system receives the PCs request and responds using the different port numbers that you have now opened e This Router matches the response to the previous request and forwards the response to the PC Without Port Triggering this response would be treated as a new connection request rather than a response As such it would be handled in accordance with the Port Forwarding rules e Only 1 PC can use a Port Triggering application at any time 6 28 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e After a PC has finished using a Port Triggering application there is a Time out period before the application can be used by another PC This is required because this Router cannot be sure when the application has terminated Note For additional ways of allowing inbound traffic see Inbound Rules Port Forwarding
165. lls gateways to trust each other and communicate securely as they pass information over the Internet D 8 Virtual Private Networking 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports VPN Tunnel VPN Gateway A VPN Gateway B INTERNET a Figure 9 8 VPN Tunnel SA The SA contains all the information necessary for gateway A to negotiate a secure and encrypted communication stream with gateway B This communication is often referred to as a tunnel The gateways contain this information so that it does not have to be loaded onto every computer connected to the gateways Each gateway must negotiate its Security Association with another gateway using the parameters and processes established by IPSec As illustrated below the most common method of accomplishing this process is via the Internet Key Exchange IKE protocol which automates some of the negotiation procedures Alternatively you can configure your gateways using manual key exchange which involves manually configuring each paramter on both gateways IPSec Security Association IKE VPN Tunnel Negotiation Steps 1 Communication WHW_ request sent to VPN Gateway VPN Gatewa VPN Gat Y e KE Phase lauthentication p iaaa lt 3 IKE Phase Il negotiation 3 lt 4 Secure data transfer 3 5 IPSec tunnel termination Figure 9 9 IPSec SA negotiation 1 The IPSec sof
166. main name must be used If an IP address is fixed a fully qualified domain name is optional Network Planning 3 9 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports VPN Gateway to Gateway Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Improved Reliability In the case of the dual WAN ports on the gateway VPN firewall Figure 3 13 either of the gateway WAN ports at one end can initiate the VPN tunnel with the appropriate gateway WAN port at the other end as necessary to balance the loads of the gateway WAN ports because the IP addresses of the WAN ports are known in advance In this example port WAN_A1 is active and port WAN_A2 is inactive at Gateway A port WAN_B1 is active and port WAN_B2 is inactive at Gateway B 10 5 6 0 24 Gateway to Gateway Example 172 23 9 0 24 Dual WAN Ports Before Rollover WAN_A 1 IP WAN_B1 IP Gateway A netgearA dyndns org netgearB dyndns org Gateway B s x4 2e y O AN_A2 port inactive WAN_B2 port inactive VPN Router WAN_A2 IP N A WAN_B2 IP N A VPN Router at office B LAN IP 10 5 6 1 at office A Fully Qualified Domain Names FQDN required for Fixed IP addresses required for Dynamic IP addresses Figure 3 13 Dual gateway WAN ports before rollover for gateway to gateway VPN tunnels The IP addresses of the gateway WAN ports can be either fixed or dynamic but a fully qualified domain name must always be used because the
167. menu see Figure 6 6 This rule is different from a normal inbound port forwarding rule in that the Destination box contains an IP Address other than your normal WAN IP Address Outbound Services Enable Serice Name Action LAN Users WAN Servers Priority Log Default Yes Any ALLOW always Any Any None Never Add Edit Move Delete Enable Service Name Action Inbound Services LAN Server IP address WAN Users Destination Priority Log C 1 Vv HTTP ALLOW Always 192 168 1 2 Any 10 1 0 52 None Never 7 L 1 H Defauit Yes Any BLOCK always Any Any None Always Add Edit Move Delete M Enable VPN Passthrough IPSec PPTP L2TP E Drop fragmented IP packets I Block TCP flood I Block UDP flood M Enable DNS proxy M Enable Stealth Mode M Respond to Ping on Internet Ports Apply Cancel Figure 6 6 Rule example one to one NAT mapping on inbound services 6 10 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports To test the connection from a PC on the Internet type http lt IP_address gt where lt IP_address gt is the public IP address you have mapped to your web server You should see the home page of your web server Inbound Rule Example Exposed Host Specifying an exposed host allows you to set up a computer
168. mmetric version of this technology ADSL that allows data to be sent over existing copper telephone lines at data rates of from 1 5 to 9 Mbps when receiving data known as the downstream rate and from 16 to 640 Kbps when sending data known as the upstream rate ADSL requires a special ADSL modem ADSL is growing in popularity as more areas around the world gain access DSLAM DSL Access Multiplexor The piece of equipment at the telephone company central office that provides the ADSL signal Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP An Ethernet protocol specifying how a centralized DHCP server can assign network configuration information to multiple DHCP clients The assigned information includes IP addresses DNS addresses and gateway router addresses E EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol is a general protocol for authentication that supports multiple authentication methods EAP an extension to PPP supports such authentication methods as token cards Kerberos one time passwords certificates public key authentication and smart cards In wireless communications using EAP a user requests connection to a WLAN through an AP which then requests the identity of the user and transmits that identity to an authentication server such as RADIUS The server asks the AP for proof of identity which the AP gets from the user and then sends back to the server to complete the authentication EAP is defined by RFC 2284 ESSID The Extende
169. n You can manually configure your firewall using the menu below if you do not want to allow the Setup Wizard to determine your configuration as described in the previous sections ISP Does Not Require Login WAN1 ISP Settings WAN Status Internet IP Address Get Dynamically From ISP C Use Static IP Address IP Address IP Subnet Mask Gateway IP Address Domain Name Server DNS Address Get Automatically From ISP Use These DNS Servers Primary ONS fio E E f Secondary DNS fi 0 i fa fi 3 s Router s MAC Address Use Default Address C Use This Computer s MAC Use This MAC Address Cars Tost ISP Does Require Login WANT ISP Settings WAN Status Does Your Int rnet Connection Require A Login C No Yes Internet Service Provider Name Other PPPoE z Account Name Domain Name Login Password idle Timeout Keep Connected C Idle Time i Minutes Internet IP Address Get Dynamically From ISP C Use Static IP Address IP Address IP Subnet Mask Gateway IP Address Domain Name Server DNS Address Get Automatically From ISP Use These DNS Servers IP Address i A a Router s MAC Address Use Default Address C Use This Computer s MAC C Use This MAC Address Cancel Tet Figure 4 4 Browser based configuration WAN ISP Settings menus WAN1 ISP shown 4 12 Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual
170. n That gateway then forwards the packet directly to the computer whose address is specified Because a message is divided into a number of packets each packet can if necessary be sent by a different route across the Internet Packets can arrive in a different order than they were sent The Internet Protocol just delivers them It s up to another protocol the Transmission Control Protocol TCP to put them back in the right order IP is a connectionless protocol which means that there is no continuing connection between the end points that are communicating Each packet that travels through the Internet is treated as an independent unit of data without any relation to any other unit of data The reason the packets do get put in the right order is because of TCP the connection oriented protocol that keeps track of the packet sequence in a message In the Open Systems Interconnection OSI communication model IP is in Layer 3 the Networking Layer The most widely used version of IP today is IP version 4 IPv4 However IP version 6 IPv6 is also beginning to be supported IPv6 provides for much longer addresses and therefore for the possibility of many more Internet users IPv6 includes the capabilities of IPv4 and any server that can support IPv6 packets can also support IPv4 packets IP See Internet Protocol IP Address A four byte number uniquely defining each host on the Internet usually written in dotted decimal notation with peri
171. n the Network Database For each PC or device the following data is displayed Table 8 1 Known PCs and Devices table Item Description Name The name of the PC or device Sometimes this can not be determined and will be listed as Unknown In this case you can edit the entry to add a meaningful name IP Address The current IP address For DHCP clients where the IP address is allocated by the DHCP Server in this device this IP address will not change Where the IP address is set on the PC as a fixed IP address you may need to update this entry manually if the IP address on the PC is changed MAC Address The MAC address of the PC The MAC address is a low level network identifier which is fixed at manufacture Group Each PC or device must be in a single group The Group column indicates which group each entry is in By default all entries are in the Default group Router and Network Management 8 21 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Note If the firewall is rebooted the table data is lost until the firewall rediscovers the devices To force the firewall to look for attached devices click the Refresh button DHCP Log You can view the DHCP log Invoke the DHCP Log from LAN IP Setup screen DHCP Log od Refresh Gearlog Close Figure 8 11 DHCP Log Port Triggering Status You can view the status of po
172. nbound service rule a Click the Add button It does not matter which radio button is selected The Inbound Service screen will be displayed see Inbound Rules Port Forwarding on page 6 5 This screen has its own help file b Complete the Inbound Service screen and save the data The new rule will be listed in the table when you return to this screen e To make changes to an existing inbound service rule a Click the radio button next to an row in the table Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 6 3 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports b Click the button for the desired actions Edit to make any changes to the rule definition The Inbound Service screen will be displayed see Inbound Rules Port Forwarding on page 6 5 with the data for the selected rule Move to move the selected rule to a new position in the table You will be prompted for the new position Delete to delete the selected rule Attack Checks These check boxes allows you to enable check on various attacks Select the appropriate checkbox to enable them e VPN Passthrough Enable this to pass the VPN traffic without any filtering specially used when this box is between two VPN tunnel end points e Drop fragmented IP packets Enable this to drop the fragmented IP packets e UDP Flooding Enable this to limit the number of UDP sessions creat
173. ness of broadband Internet service from an Internet service provider ISP Note If an ISP technician configured your computer during the installation of a broadband modem or if you configured it using instructions provided by your ISP you may need to copy the current configuration information for use in the configuration of your firewall Write down this information before reconfiguring your computers Refer to Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers on page C 19 or Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers on page C 20 for further information Preparing Your Computers for TCP IP Networking Computers access the Internet using a protocol called TCP IP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol Each computer on your network must have TCP IP installed and selected as its networking protocol If a Network Interface Card NIC is already installed in your PC then TCP IP is probably already installed as well Most operating systems include the software components you need for networking with TCP IP e Windows 95 or later includes the software components for establishing a TCP IP network e Windows 3 1 does not include a TCP IP component You need to purchase a third party TCP IP application package such as NetManage Chameleon e Macintosh Operating System 7 or later includes the software components for establishing a TCP IP network e All versions of UNIX
174. net sharing NAT routers the FVS124G is a true firewall using stateful packet inspection to defend against hacker attacks Its firewall features include e DoS protection Automatically detects and thwarts DoS attacks such as Ping of Death SYN Flood LAND Attack and IP Spoofing e Blocks unwanted traffic from the Internet to your LAN e Blocks access from your LAN to Internet locations or services that you specify as off limits e Logs security incidents The FVS124G will log security events such as blocked incoming traffic port scans attacks and administrator logins You can configure the firewall to email the log to you at specified intervals You can also configure the firewall to send immediate alert messages to your email address or email pager whenever a significant event occurs 9 2 Introduction 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e With its URL keyword filtering feature the FVS124G prevents objectionable content from reaching your PCs The firewall allows you to control access to Internet content by screening for keywords within Web addresses You can configure the firewall to log and report attempts to access objectionable Internet sites Security The FVS124G VPN Firewall is equipped with several features designed to maintain security as described in this section e PCs Hidden by NAT NAT opens a temporary path to the Internet for reque
175. ng for this service is 4 then the traffic for this service is placed in the queue that handles priority 4 traffic rather than the queue that handles priority 3 traffic The priority of this service through the FVS124G VPN Firewall has been increased Example 3 priority decreased If the native ToS setting for a service is 3 and the Netgear QoS setting for this service is 2 then the traffic for this service is placed in the queue that handles priority 2 traffic rather than the queue that handles priority 3 traffic The priority of this service through the FVS124G VPN Firewall has been decreased Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 6 19 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Managing Groups and Hosts The Network Database is an automatically maintained list of all known PCs and network devices PCs and devices become known by the following methods e DHCP Client Requests By default the DHCP server in this Router is enabled and will accept and respond to DHCP client requests from PCs and other network devices These requests also generate an entry in the Network Database Because of this leaving the DHCP Server feature on the LAN screen enabled is strongly recommended e Scanning the Network The local network is scanned using standard methods such as arp This will detect active devices which are not DHCP clients However sometimes the name of the PC
176. ngs Network Database Entry Network Database Entry Name IP Address Type Reserved DHCP Client IP Address z k MAC Address Aaoi cone Figure 5 2 Groups and Hosts Entry screen To reserve an IP address use the Groups and Hosts Entry screen see Managing Groups and Hosts on page 6 20 Note The reserved address will not be assigned until the next time the PC contacts the firewall s DHCP server Reboot the PC or access its IP configuration and force a DHCP release and renew LAN Configuration 5 5 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Multi Home LAN IPs Click Multi Home LAN IPs Setup on the LAN IP Setup screen see Figure 5 1 to invoke the Secondary LAN IP Setup screens This allows the firewall to act as a gateway to additional logical subnets on your LAN You can assign the firewall an IP address on each additional logical subnet LAN IP Setup Secondary LAN IP Setup LAN TOPIP Setup P Asdress sares fsz 16s IP Address Subnet mask Edi Delete Close AddiEdit Secondary LAN IP Address IP Address de di Fd IP Subnet Mask s F Back Apply sl T Figure 5 3 Secondary LAN IP Setup screens Configuring Static Routes Static Routes provide additional routing information to your firewall Under normal circumstances the firewall has
177. nish nisn I I I WAN Users ay Destination Address E e P e ae E j re finish K QoS Priority No QoS Priority Log Never Apply Cancel os Never Back Apply Cancel Figure 6 12 Setting and Overriding QoS priorities 6 18 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports The QoS priority definition for a service determines the queue that is used for its traffic passing through the FVS124G VPN Firewall as follows Table 6 2 Traffic queue to be used for a service Netgear QoS Setting Native ToS Setting None 6 5 4 3 2 7 highest 7 6 5 4 3 2 6 6 6 5 4 3 2 5 5 6 5 4 3 2 4 4 6 5 4 3 2 3 3 6 5 4 3 2 2 2 6 5 4 3 2 1 default 1 6 5 4 3 2 0 lowest 0 6 5 4 3 2 IEEE 802 1D 1998 formerly 802 1p standard t Specifies which output queue in the FVS124G to use for that service s traffic The three type of service bits in the traffic frame remain unchanged Example 1 priority unchanged If the native ToS setting for a service is 3 and the Netgear QoS setting for this service is None then the traffic for this service is placed in the queue that handles priority 3 traffic The priority of this service through the FVS124G VPN Firewall has not changed Example 2 priority increased If the native ToS setting for a service is 3 and the Netgear QoS setti
178. nk is brought up to send the traffic Traffic will automatically roll back to the original primary link once the original primary link is back up and running again Load Balancing Mode In this mode the router distributes the outbound traffic equally among the WAN interfaces that are functional Note Scenarios could arise when load balancing needs to be bypassed for certain traffic gt or applications Here the traffic needs to go on a specific WAN interface This is done with the protocol binding rules of that WAN interface The rule should match the desired traffic For both alternatives you must also set up Network Address Translation NAT NAT NAT is the technology which allows all PCs on your LAN to share a single Internet IP address From the Internet there is only a single device the Router and a single IP address PCs on your LAN can use any private IP address range and these IP addresses are not visible from the Internet The Router uses NAT to select the correct PC on your LAN to receive any incoming data Ifyou only have a single Internet IP address you MUST use NAT Classical Routing In this mode the Router performs Routing but without NAT To gain Internet access each PC on your LAN must have a valid Internet IP address If your ISP has allocated many IP addresses to you and you have assigned one of these addresses to each PC you can choose Classical Routing Otherwise selecting
179. nly Incorrect configuration will cause serious problems Outbound Services This lists all existing rules for outbound traffic If you have not defined any rules only the default rule will be listed The default rule allows all outgoing traffic e To create a new outbound service rule a Click the Add button It does not matter which radio button is selected The Outbound Service screen will be displayed see Outbound Rules Service Blocking on page 6 12 This screen has its own help file b Complete the Outbound Service screen and save the data The new rule will be listed in the table when you return to this screen e To make changes to an existing outbound service rule a Click the check box at the beginning of the row and click Apply to disable or Enable the policy b Click the radio button next to an row in the table c Click the button for the desired actions Edit to make any changes to the rule definition The Outbound Service screen will be displayed see Outbound Rules Service Blocking on page 6 12 with the data for the selected rule Move to move the selected rule to a new position in the table You will be prompted for the new position Delete to delete the selected rule Inbound Services This lists all existing rules for inbound traffic If you have not defined any rules only the default rule will be listed The default rule blocks all inbound traffic e To create a new i
180. ntosh you will need to configure TCP IP to use DHCP MacOS 8 6 or 9 x 1 From the Apple menu select Control Panels then TCP IP The TCP IP Control Panel opens TCP IP Connect via Ethernet Setup Configure Using DHCP Server DHCP Client ID IP Address lt will be supplied by server gt Subnet mask lt will be supplied by server gt Router address lt will be supplied by server gt Search domains Name server addr lt will be supplied by server gt 2 2 From the Connect via box select your Macintosh s Ethernet interface 3 From the Configure box select Using DHCP Server You can leave the DHCP Client ID box empty 4 Close the TCP IP Control Panel SA Repeat this for each Macintosh on your network MacOS X 1 From the Apple menu choose System Preferences then Network C 16 Preparing Your Network 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 2 If not already selected select Built in Ethernet in the Configure list 3 If not already selected Select Using DHCP in the TCP IP tab 4 Click Save Verifying TCP IP Properties for Macintosh Computers After your Macintosh is configured and has rebooted you can check the TCP IP configuration by returning to the TCP IP Control Panel From the Apple menu select Control Panels then TCP IP
181. o change the default password password to something that is more secure at the time you enable remote management 4 2 Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports You make these selections during Step 2 Log in to the VPN Firewall Required on page 4 7 e There are a variety of WAN options you can choose when the factory default settings are not applicable to your installation These include enabling a WAN port to respond to a ping and setting MTU size port speed and upload bandwidth You will make these choices in Step 6 Configure the WAN Options If Needed on page 4 23 4 Prepare to physically connect the firewall to cable or DSL modems and a computer You will do this in Step 1 Physically Connect the VPN Firewall to Your Network Required on page 4 7 Cabling and Computer Hardware Requirements To use the FVS124G VPN Firewall on your network each computer must have an installed Ethernet Network Interface Card NIC and an Ethernet cable If the computer will connect to your network at 100 Mbps you must use a Category 5 CATS cable such as the one provided with your firewall Computer Network Configuration Requirements The FVS124G includes a built in Web Configuration Manager To access the configuration menus on the FVS124G your must use a Java enabled web browser program that supports HTTP uploa
182. ocal Alert Queue Length fis o Apply Cancel Log Queue Length 64 entries Log Threshold Time ZE hours Alert Queue Length W entries Apply Cancel Figure 6 18 Logs and E mail screens Click on View Log button to view various log messages generated by the Router e In view log window To delete all log entries Click Clear Log e To see the most recent entries Click Refresh e To E mail the log messages now Click Send Log Log Identifier is a mandatory field to identify the log messages This ID appended to log messages Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 6 31 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Items to include in the log e Use these checkboxes to determine which events are included in the log Selecting all events will increase the size of the log so it is good practice to disable any events which are not really required e Selecting an event under Include In Log will enable logging of messages pertaining to that event Ex Selecting Admin Login will enable generation of log messages whenever Admin logs in e Selecting an event under Include In Alerts will enable logging of messages pertaining to that event This category typically contains Internet Attack events Ex Selecting SYN Flood will enable generation of Alert messages whenever SYN Flood occurs Emailing logs e If you have Email Logs enabled you ll receive
183. ods separating the bytes for example 134 177 244 57 Ranges of addresses are assigned by Internic an organization formed for this purpose ISP Internet service provider L LAN See Local Area Network 6 Glossary 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Local Area Network A communications network serving users within a limited area such as one floor of a building A LAN typically connects multiple personal computers and shared network devices such as storage and printers Although many technologies exist to implement a LAN Ethernet is the most common for connecting personal computers and is limited to a distance of 1 500 feet LANs can be connected together but if modems and telephones connect two or more LANs the larger network constitutes what is called a WAN or Wide Area Network MAC 1 Medium Access Control In LANs the sublayer of the data link control layer that supports medium dependent functions and uses the services of the physical layer to provide services to the logical link control LLC sublayer The MAC sublayer includes the method of determining when a device has access to the transmission medium 2 Message Authentication Code In computer security a value that is a part of a message or accompanies a message and is used to determine that the contents origin author or other attributes of all or part of the message are as t
184. og when someone on your network tried to access a blocked site In order to receive logs and alerts by e mail you must provide your e mail information in the E Mail Logs subheading 6 30 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Log Logs and E mail ae Log Identifier msa S Log Identifier FVx538 eee ch i TE Include in log Include in Alerts Include in log Include in Alerts a DN F Deny Policies T Ping of Death IV System Error Messages I SYN Flood I Allow Policies T IP Spoofing IV Deny Policies I Ping of Death F Content Filtering Login Failure I Allow Policies I IP Spoofing I Data inspection T WinNuke I Content Filtering W Login Failure F General attacks T IP Option Attacks I Data Inspection I WinNuke Eere n I General Attacks T IP Option Attacks Ir Cahani Changes I Unavailable Policies I access Statistics I Admin Login 7 All Websites and news groups visited Configuration Changes I verbose I Access Statistics E mail Logs T All Websites and news groups visited Disable I Verbose Enable C F Respond to identd from SMTP Server Email Logs E mail Server Address C Disable Return Mail Address OOo o Authenticate with SMTP Server Syslog User Name Looe Disable Password i i sz Syslog C Disable Log Queue Length Je ne 4 log Server Log Threshold Time fi 5 oo Fact L
185. omputer Tip When using dual WAN port networks use the VPN Wizard to configure the basic parameters and them edit the VPN and IKE Policy screens for the various VPN scenarios Dual WAN Port Systems The dual WAN ports in the FVS124G VPN Firewall can be configured for either rollover mode for increased system reliability or load balancing mode for optimum bandwidth efficiency This WAN mode choice then impacts how the VPN features have to be configured Rollover vs Load Balancing Mode Refer to Virtual Private Networks VPNs on page 3 5 for an overview of the IP addressing requirements for VPN in the two WAN modes Table 7 1 IP addressing requirements for VPNs in dual WAN port systems Configuration and WAN IP address Rollover Mode Load Balancing Mode VPN Road Warrior Fixed FQDN required Allowed FQDN optional client to gateway Dynamic FQDN required FQDN required VPN Gateway to Gateway Fixed FQDN required Allowed FQDN optional Dynamic FQDN required FQDN required VPN Telecommuter Fixed FQDN required Allowed FQDN optional client to gateway through F a NAT router Dynamic FQDN required FQDN required All tunnels must be re established after a rollover using the new WAN IP address Virtual Private Networking 7 1 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Figure 7 1 shows the setup screens for
186. on for Private Internets and RFC 1466 Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space The Internet Engineering Task Force IETF publishes RFCs on its Web site at www ietf org Network Routing Firewall and Basics B 7 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Single IP Address Operation Using NAT In the past if multiple PCs on a LAN needed to access the Internet simultaneously you had to obtain a range of IP addresses from the ISP This type of Internet account is more costly than a single address account typically used by a single user with a modem rather than a router The FVS124G VPN Firewall employs an address sharing method called Network Address Translation NAT This method allows several networked PCs to share an Internet account using only a single IP address which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your ISP The router accomplishes this address sharing by translating the internal LAN IP addresses to a single address that is globally unique on the Internet The internal LAN IP addresses can be either private addresses or registered addresses For more information about IP address translation refer to RFC 1631 The IP Network Address Translator NAT The following figure illustrates a single IP address operation Private IP addresses assigned by user IP addresses assigned by ISP 192 168 0 2 wee BOe Aree 8S me Leai
187. on of the WAN Mode Load Balancing screen to invoke the WAN Mode Protocol Bonding screen if protocol binding is needed Fill out the screen using the following parameter definitions e Service Select the desired Services or applications to be covered by this rule If the desired service or application does not appear in the list you must define it using the Services menu see Services Based Rules on page 6 4 e Source Network These settings determine which computers on your network are affected by this rule Select the desired options Any All PCs and devices on your LAN Single address Enter the required address and the rule will be applied to that particular PC Address range If this option is selected you must enter the start and finish fields Groups Select the Group you wish this rule to apply to You can use the Network Database screen to assign PCs to Groups e Destination Network These settings determine which Internet locations are covered by the rule based on their IP address Select the desired option Any All Internet IP address are covered by this rule Single address Enter the required address in the start fields Address range If this option is selected you must enter the start and finish fields Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet 4 19 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports
188. or Linux include TCP IP components Follow the instructions provided with your operating system or networking software to install TCP IP on your computer Preparing Your Network C 1 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports In your IP network each PC and the firewall must be assigned a unique IP addresses Each PC must also have certain other IP configuration information such as a subnet mask netmask a domain name server DNS address and a default gateway address In most cases you should install TCP IP so that the PC obtains its specific network configuration information automatically from a DHCP server during bootup For a detailed explanation of the meaning and purpose of these configuration items refer to Appendix B Network Routing Firewall and Basics The FVS124G VPN Firewall is shipped preconfigured as a DHCP server The firewall assigns the following TCP IP configuration information automatically when the PCs are rebooted e PC or workstation IP addresses 192 168 0 2 through 192 168 0 254 e Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 e Gateway address the firewall 192 168 1 1 These addresses are part of the IETF designated private address range for use in private networks Configuring Windows 95 98 and Me for TCP IP Networking As part of the PC preparation process you need to manually install and configure TCP IP on each networked PC Before s
189. or up to 10 VPN tunnels e Easy web based setup for installation and management e URL keyword Content Filtering and Site Blocking Security e Quality of Service QoS support for traffic prioritization e Built in 4 port 10 100 1000 Mbps switch e Extensive Protocol Support e Login capability Introduction 2 1 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e Front panel LEDs for easy monitoring of status and activity e Flash memory for firmware upgrade Dual WAN Ports for Increased Reliability or Outbound Load Balancing The FVS124G VPN Firewall has two broadband WAN ports WAN1 and WAN2 each capable of operating independently at speeds of either 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps The two WAN ports let you connect a second broadband Internet line that can be configured on a mutually exclusive basis to e Provide backup and rollover if one line is inoperable ensuring you are never disconnected e Load balance or use both Internet lines simultaneously for the outgoing traffic The firewall balances users between the two lines for maximum bandwidth efficiency See Network Planning on page 3 1 for the planning factors to consider when implementing the following capabilities with dual WAN port gateways e Inbound traffic e g port forwarding port triggering e Virtual private networks A Powerful True Firewall with Content Filtering Unlike simple Inter
190. ords that should they appear in the website name i e URL or in a newsgroup name will cause that site or newsgroup to be blocked by the VPN firewall You can apply the keywords to one or more groups Requests from the PCs in the groups for which keyword blocking has been enabled will be blocked Blocking does not occur for the PCs that are in the groups for which keyword blocking has not been enabled You can bypass keyword blocking for trusted domains by adding the exact matching domain to the list of Trusted Domains Access to the domains on this list by PCs even in the groups for which keyword blocking has been enabled will still be allowed without any blocking e Web component blocking You can block the following Web component types Proxy Java ActiveX and Cookies Sites on the Trusted Domains list are still subject to Web component blocking when the blocking of a particular Web component has been enabled 6 24 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports The Block Sites menu is shown in Figure 6 15 Block Sites Web Components I Proxy I Java I Activex I Cookies Keyword Blocking I Tum keyword blocking on Add Keyword Block sites containing these keywords or domain names Delete Keyword Delete All Apply Keyword Blocking to V default I Marketing I Sales I Warehouse I Support I Lab1 I Lab2
191. orking ARVANA sna cicvascorcnestncanenpiaridiersacdacseutseaneen op D 1 What le IPSec and How Does IE Work nenanionanionniannn aaa D 2 PSE SOU FEMEI aiaa anA DEDANS D 2 PSG COMPONETS acson an aa D 2 Encapsulating Security Payload ESP srinnonisiconaa die naseteaiannienes D 3 Authentication Header AH sen cccnscsans skeen tesenancssenediucsanetin anus ctaes easukente mpunmiuetaieiabenns D 4 IKE Seturi ASSOC IANIOM ci cccscceticse consctcicnraniesouecauedanstiannndy Ear AEAEE EEEE D 4 PIS E N AE A E E arts IE E E E ce Nunta T E A A S D 5 E e E E E E daiodetasYiesmbee nddaneeialea D 6 Understand the Process Before You Begin ssssissnrsirenssnsi D 6 YPN Procesa OVET sorar a aa a D 7 Network Interfaces and Addresses sscccsccccisniccesniscmmrasiiineinenniiievensiniinercanmnnmerennnniting D 7 morce Aoao I eri a age D 7 Pron a NN D 8 Setting Up a VPN Tunnel Between Gateways ssessssesssssssrsssrnesrnnesrnssnesresre D 8 YPNO IKE Scunt Parametoi S oinin a menor rent D 10 MPIC IKE Phasel Peter S scarce a D 10 VPNG IKE Phase Il Parenter cccsesdrseiareanmna nde ai nAn A D 11 TSUN and Troubleshooting o sscsaocccssiunscrensdsuauskeciesinsuecbsasurdoucesebduduarensiaudoueesaaunatuebseateaay D 11 Additonal Read sicniccvesiictnentdendtecsstetinsenebnievensvennedasiteandtncaideneetaiohndrenteanepremenns D 11 Glossary Leid Glossary Tonis snae a Glossary 1 NUMENG siroranriasinoi ai Glossary 1 1 E AIA E NA AEN E A A N O N A E A A E E Glossary 2 EET E
192. orts this capability Otherwise you need to ask your network administrator for the appropriate IP settings Obtain an IP address automatically C Use the following IP address IP address Subnet mask Default gateway Obtain DNS server address automatically mO Use the following DNS server addresses Preferred DNS server Altemate DNS server Advanced e Click OK again to complete the configuration process for Windows 2000 Restart the PC Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network Local Area Connection Properties E 2 xi General Connect using BY 3Com EtherLink XL 10 100 PCI NIC 3C905 Tx Components checked are used by this connection M E Client for Microsoft Networks m File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Network sh M Y Intenet Protocol TCP IP Install Uninstall Description Allows other computers to access resources on your computer using a Microsoft network Properties I Show icon in taskbar when connected OK Cancel Preparing Your Network 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows NT4 Once you have installed the network card you need to configure the TCP IP environment for Windows NT 4 0 Follow this procedure to configure TCP IP
193. ote client info 9 In the left frame click on My Identity 10 Select Certificate None 11 Under ID Type select Domain Name The value entered under Domain Name will be of the form lt name gt lt X Y gt fvs_remote com where each user must use a different variation on the Domain Name entered here The lt name gt is the policy name used in the FVS124G configuration In this example it is home X and Y are an arbitrary pair of numbers chosen for each user Note X may not be zero In this example we have entered home11 fvs_remote com Up to fifty user variations can be served by one policy Virtual Private Networking 7 15 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 12 Leave Virtual Adapter disabled and select your computer s Network Adapter Your current IP address will appear N Security Policy Editor NETGEAR ProSafe PN Client la xj File Edit Options Help Baixa tlt NETGEAR Network Security Policy E My Connections My Identity By to_Fvx m Pre Shared Key G My Identity Select Certificate a Security Policy None x Ds Other Connections ID Type Port Domain Name 7 far F fhomet 1 fvx_remate com Virtual Adapter Disabled X m Internet Interface Name jn Broadcom 440x 10 100 Integrated Controlle gt IP Addr 10 0 0 12 Figure 7 18 My Identity screen
194. ote provides case studies on how to configure a secure IPSec VPN tunnels This document assumes the reader has a working knowledge of NETGEAR management systems NETGEAR is a member of the VPN Consortium a group formed to facilitate PSec VPN vendor interoperability The VPN Consortium has developed specific scenarios to aid system administrators in the often confusing process of connecting two different vendor implementations of the IPSec standard The case studies in this TechNote follow the addressing and configuration mechanics defined by the VPN Consortium Additional information regarding inter vendor interoperability may be found at hitp www vpnc org interop html It is a good idea to gather all the necessary information required to establish a VPN before you begin the configuration process You should understand whether the firmware is up to date all of the addresses that will be necessary and all of the parameters that need to be set on both sides Try to understand any incompatibilities before you begin so that you minimize any potential complications which may arise from normal firewall or WAN processes If you are not a full time system administrator it is a good idea to familiarize yourself with the mechanics of a VPN The brief description in this TechNote will help Other good sources include e The NETGEAR VPN Tutorial http www netgear com planetvpn pvpn_2 html e The VPN Consortium http www vpnc org e The VPN b
195. oth Directions Monthly Limit MBytes MBytes MBytes I Increase this month s limit by This month s limit Traffic counter Restart traffic counter al J fem onthe x day of each month I Send E mail Report before restarting counter When Limit is reached Block all traffic Block all traffic except E mail I Send E mail alert Internet Traffic Statistics Start Date Time 00 00 00 00 00 00 Outgoing Traffic Volume MBytes Incoming Traffic Volume MBytes Total Traffic Volume MBytes Average per day of Standard Limit of this Month s Limit WAN2 Start Date 1970 01 01 05 35 00 End Date 1970 01 01 05 35 52 Incoming Traffic Outgoing Traffic Protocol L Total MBytes MBytes Per Day Total MBytes MBytes Per Day HTTP 0 0 0 0 E_mail 0 0 0 0 Other 0 0 0 0 Total 0 0 0 0 Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Table 4 1 Traffic meter Parameter Enable Traffic Meter Description Check this if you wish to record the volume of Internet traffic passing through the Router s WAN1 or WAN2 port WAN1 or WAN2 can be selected through the drop down menu the entire configuration is specific to each wan interface e No Limit If this is selected specified restriction will not be applied when traffic limit is reached Download only If thi
196. ount and register your new IP address Perform the following steps to configure Dynamic DNS 1 Ifyou haven t already log in to the firewall at its default LAN address of http 192 168 1 1 with its default user name of admin default password of password or using whatever password and LAN address you have chosen for the firewall 2 From the Main Menu of the browser interface under WAN Setup click on Dynamic DNS a Rollover Mode You will get the screen shown in Figure 4 8 with AUTO_ROLLOVER shown in the pulldown b Load Balancing Mode Select WAN1 or WAN2 in the pulldown shown in Figure 4 8 to invoke the appropriate WAN interface to program 4 20 Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Dynamic DNS screen for rollover mode Dynamic DNS CAUTO ROLLOVER p Use a dynamic DNS service None C DynDNS org Click here for information C TZO com Click here for free trial C Oray net Click here to register Cancel Show Status Dynamic DNS screens for load balancing mode Figure 4 8 Dynamic DNS screens Dynamic DNS Dynamic DNS O ah CE Use a dynamic DNS service Use a dynamic DNS service None None C DynDNS org Click here for information C DynDNS org Click here for information C TZO com Click here for free trial C TzZO com Click here for free trial C Oray net Click here to
197. ow 8 Click OK 9 Reboot your PC at the prompt You may also be prompted to insert your Windows CD Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers As mentioned above you may need to collect configuration information from your Macintosh so that you can use this information when you configure the FVS124G VPN Firewall Following this procedure is only necessary when your ISP does not dynamically supply the account information To get the information you need to configure the firewall for Internet access 1 From the Apple menu select Control Panels then TCP IP The TCP IP Control Panel opens which displays a list of configuration settings If the Configure setting is Using DHCP Server your account uses a dynamically assigned IP address In this case close the Control Panel and skip the rest of this section 2 If an IP address and subnet mask are shown write down the information 3 Ifan IP address appears under Router address write down the address This is the ISP s gateway address 4 Ifany Name Server addresses are shown write down the addresses These are your ISP s DNS addresses 5 Ifany information appears in the Search domains information box write it down 6 Change the Configure setting to Using DHCP Server 7 Close the TCP IP Control Panel C 20 Preparing Your Network 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and
198. ow the examples given for Scenario 1 of the VPN Consortium VPNC IKE Phase Parameters The IKE Phase 1 parameters used Main mode TripleDES SHA 1 MODP group 1 pre shared secret of hr5xb8416aa9r6 SA lifetime of 28800 seconds eight hours Virtual Private Networking 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports VPNC IKE Phase II Parameters The IKE Phase 2 parameters used in Scenario 1 are TripleDES SHA 1 ESP tunnel mode MODP group 1 Perfect forward secrecy for rekeying SA lifetime of 28800 seconds one hour Testing and Troubleshooting Once you have completed the VPN configuration steps you can use PCs located behind each of the gateways to ping various addresses on the LAN side of the other gateway You can troubleshoot connections using the VPN status and log details on the Netgear gateway to determine if IKE negotiation is working Common problems encountered in setting up VPNs include e Parameters may be configured differently on Gateway A vs Gateway B e Two LANs set up with similar or overlapping addressing schemes e So many required configuration parameters mean errors such as mistyped information or mismatched parameter selections on either side are more likely to happen Additional Reading e Building and Managing Virtual Private Networks Dave Kosiur Wiley amp Sons ISBN 0471295264 e F
199. protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over an always on connection by simulating a dial up connection PPPoE PPPoE PPP over Ethernet is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over an always on connection by simulating a dial up connection PPP over ATM PPPoA PPP over ATM is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over an always on connection by simulating a dial up connection PPP over Ethernet PPPoE PPP over Ethernet is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over an always on connection by simulating a dial up connection PPTP Point to Point Tunneling Protocol A method for establishing a virtual private network VPN by embedding Microsoft s network protocol into Internet packets Protocol A set of rules for communication between devices on a network PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network 8 Glossary 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Q Qos See Quality of Service Quality of Service QoS is a networking term that specifies a guaranteed level of throughput Throughput is the amount of data transferred from one device to another or processed in a specified amount of time typically throughputs are measured in bytes per second Bps R RADIUS Short for Remote Authentication Dial In User Service RADIUS is an authentication system Using RADIUS you must ente
200. r NETGEAR ProSafe PN Client Se ES File Edit Options Help elexa tl NETGEAR S Network Security Policy EL My Connections r IPSec Protocols Bh to_Fvx Seconds KBytes G My Identity SA Life Unspecified B a Security Policy c P aE Authentication Phase 1 sill hes cel None z E Proposal 1 J E Key Exchange Phase 2 IV Encapsulation Protocol ESP Encrypt Alg Triple DES 7 Hash Alg SHA 1 X e Encapsulation Tunnel P ao I Authentication Protocol AH fs HAT x Caps lation Tunnel z Ds Other Connections Figure 7 22 Client Key Exchange screen 19 In the upper left of the window click the disk icon to save the policy Testing the Connection 20 Right click on the VPN client icon in your Windows toolbar and select Connect then My Connections to_FVS Within 30 seconds you should receive a message Successfully connected to My Connections to_FVS and the VPN client icon in the toolbar should say On fy 7 20 Virtual Private Networking 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 21 For additional status and troubleshooting information right click on the VPN client icon in your Windows toolbar and select Connection Monitor or Log Viewer or view the VPN log and status menu in the FVS124G N Connection Monitor NETGEAR ProSafe PN Client oj x Global St
201. r your user name and password before gaining access to a network This information is passed to a RADIUS server which checks that the information is correct and then authorizes access Though not an official standard the RADIUS specification is maintained by a working group of the IETF RFC Request For Comment Refers to documents published by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF proposing standard protocols and procedures for the Internet RFCs can be found at www ietf org router A device that forwards data between networks An IP router forwards data based on IP source and destination addresses S SSID A Service Set Identification is a thirty two character maximum alphanumeric key identifying a wireless local area network For the wireless devices in a network to communicate with each other all devices must be configured with the same SSID This is typically the configuration parameter for a wireless PC card It corresponds to the ESSID in the wireless Access Point and to the wireless network name See also Wireless Network Name and ESSID Segment A section of a LAN that is connected to the rest of the network using a switch bridge or repeater Glossary 9 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Subnet Mask Combined with the IP address the IP Subnet Mask allows a device to know which other addresses are local to it and which must be r
202. raffic will be dropped from the PCs that have the configured MAC addresses Source MAC Filter I Enable Source MAC Address Filtering MAC addresses to be Blocked MAC Address Source MAC to be Blocked MAC Address Back Apply Cancel Figure 6 16 Source MAC Filter screens Note For additional ways of restricting outbound traffic see Outbound Rules Service gt s 29 Blocking on page 6 12 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 6 27 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Table 6 5 Source MAC address filter Item Description Activation Enable the source MAC filter by ticking the check box Press APPLY Add e Now add the MAC Addresses from which the traffic should be dropped by clicking on ADD button Each time one MAC Address entry can be added MAC Address input should be entered with separator A valid MAC address will have 0 to 9 and A to F Example 00 e0 4c 69 0a 11 Press APPLY Now the traffic from the specified MAC addresses will be dropped Disable To Disable Source MAC Filter uncheck Source MAC Filter Enable check box The list of the MAC Addresses can be kept in the database If the filter has to be avoided for a specific MAC address in the database select the MAC address entry and click on Delete button Port Triggering Port triggering a
203. ration information e In this document the WAN side of the network is presumed to be provisioned as shown in Figure 4 1 with two ISPs connected to the FVS124G VPN Firewall through separate physical facilities Each FVS124G WAN port must be configured separately however whether you are using a separate ISP for each WAN port or are having the traffic of both WAN ports routed through the same ISP You will need your ISP information for Step 3 Configure the Internet Connections to Your ISPs Required on page 4 8 customer premises route diversity WAN port 1 hysical facility 1 p phy y mms PveiesG Internet firewall wan port2 physical facility 2 ISP 2 Figure 4 1 Postulated WAN provisioning used in this document e If your ISPs charge by the amount of bandwidth you use each month you may want to consider setting up a traffic meter to keep track of your traffic see Programming the Traffic Meter if Desired on page 4 13 if you want to do this b Contact a Dynamic DNS Service and set up your fully qualified domain names if you need or want them You will need your fully qualified domain names for Step 5 Configure Dynamic DNS If Needed on page 4 20 3 Plan your network management approach e The FVS124G VPN Firewall is capable of being managed remotely but this feature must be enabled locally after each factory default reset You are strongly advised t
204. register C Oray net Click here to register Cancel Show Status Apply Cancel Show Status Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet 202 10085 01 March 2005 4 21 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Each DNS service provider requires its own parameters Figure 4 9 DynDNS Service Screen TZO Service Screen Figure 4 9 Dynamic DNS service provider screens Oray Service Screen Dynamic DNS Dynamic DNS Dynamic DNS AUTO ROLLOVER F AUTO ROLLOVER AUTO ROLLOVER Use a dynamic DNS service Use a dynamic DNS service Use a dynamic DNS service None None None DynDNS org Click here for information C DynDNS org Click here for information C DynDNS org Click here for information TZO com Click here for free trial Tz0 com li t rial C TZO com Clickhere for free trial Oray net lick here to register Oray net Click here to register Oray net Click here to register Update every 30 days tzo Oray Host and Domain Name Host and Domain Name DynDNS a Host and Domain Name example yourname mynetgear net example yourname ng tego net User Email example yourname dyndns org paeka E Account Name Password User Name User Key TZO Control Panel Password Eee Cancel Show Status Use wildcards A es Se See Cancel Show Status Cancel Show Status Access the website of one of the dynamic DNS service providers whose names appear in the Select S
205. remote VPN client VPN Wizard Step 1 of 3 Connection Name and Remote IP Type What is the new Connection Name home Whatis the pre shared key 12345678 This VPN tunnel will connect to C A remote VPN Gateway A remote VPN client Back Next Cancel Figure 7 14 VPN Wizard 5 Click Next to go to the summary page 6 Click Done to create the home IKE and VPN policies Configuring the VPN Client 1 Right click on the VPN client icon in your Windows toolbar and select the Security Policy Editor 7 12 Virtual Private Networking 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 2 In the upper left of the Policy Editor window click the New Document icon to open a New Connection N Security Policy Editor NETGEAR ProSafe PN Client TET ES File Edit Options Help aleda tlt NETGEAR S Network Security Policy 4d New Connection Qs Other Connections Figure 7 15 New Client Connection screen Virtual Private Networking 7 13 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 3 Give the New Connection a name such as to_FVS N Security Policy Editor NETGEAR ProSafe PN Client lol x File Edit Options Help ia x ta tlt NETGEAR N Network Security Policy E L My Connections r Connection Security 4G l Secure T Only Connect Manually
206. rence Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e Ending IP Address This box specifies the last of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool 192 168 1 254 is the default ending address e WINS Server This box can specify the Windows NetBios Server IP if one is present in your network e Lease Time This box specifies the Lease time to be given to the DHCP Clients Note If you change the LAN IP address of the firewall while connected through the browser you will be disconnected You must then open a new connection to the new IP address and log in again gt Using the Firewall as a DHCP server By default the firewall will function as a DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server allowing it to assign IP DNS server WWS Server and default gateway addresses to all computers connected to the firewall s LAN The assigned default gateway address is the LAN address of the firewall IP addresses will be assigned to the attached PCs from a pool of addresses specified in this menu Each pool address is tested before it is assigned to avoid duplicate addresses on the LAN For most applications the default DHCP and TCP IP settings of the firewall are satisfactory See IP Configuration by DHCP on page B 10 for an explanation of DHCP and information about how to assign IP addresses for your network If another device on your network will be the DHCP server or if you w
207. right connection Introduction 2 3 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Extensive Protocol Support The FVS124G VPN Firewall supports the Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol TCP IP and Routing Information Protocol RIP For further information about TCP IP refer to Appendix B Network Routing Firewall and Basics e IP Address Sharing by NAT The FVS124G VPN Firewall allows several networked PCs to share an Internet account using only a single IP address which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your Internet service provider ISP This technique known as NAT allows the use of an inexpensive single user ISP account e Automatic Configuration of Attached PCs by DHCP The FVS124G VPN Firewall dynamically assigns network configuration information including IP gateway and domain name server DNS addresses to attached PCs on the LAN using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP This feature greatly simplifies configuration of PCs on your local network e DNS Proxy When DHCP is enabled and no DNS addresses are specified the firewall provides its own address as a DNS server to the attached PCs The firewall obtains actual DNS addresses from the ISP during connection setup and forwards DNS requests from the LAN e PPP over Ethernet PPPoE PPPoE is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over a DSL conn
208. rom occurring in the first place The FVS124G VPN Firewall has the necessary features and tools to help the network manager accomplish these goals Bandwidth Capacity At 1 5 Mbps the WAN ports will support the following traffic rates e Load balancing mode 3 Mbps two WAN ports at 1 5 Mbps each e Rollover mode 1 5 Mbps one active WAN port at 1 5 Mbps As a result and depending on the traffic being carried the WAN side of the firewall will be the limiting factor to throughput for most installations Using the dual WAN ports in load balancing mode increases the bandwidth capacity of the WAN side of the FVS124G VPN Firewall But there is no backup in case one of the WAN ports fail In such an event and with one exception the traffic that would have been sent on the failed WAN port gets diverted to the WAN port that is still working thus increasing its loading The exception is traffic that is bound by protocol to the WAN port that failed This protocol bound traffic is not diverted Router and Network Management 8 1 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports VPN Firewall Features That Reduce Traffic Features of the VPN firewall that can be called upon to decrease WAN side loading are as follows e Service blocking e Block sites e Source MAC filtering Service Blocking Note This feature is for Advanced Administrators only Incorrect configuration wi
209. rom the LAN side e Outbound Allow all access from the LAN side to the outside These default rules are shown in the Rules table of the Rules menu under Security on the main menu in Figure 6 1 Rules LAN WAN Z Outbound Services E i E Enanie service name Action Lanusers waNServers Priority Log Defautt Yes Any ALLOW always x Any Any None Never Edit Move Delete Inbound Services i l i enabie Service Name Action fan server iP address wan Users Destination Priority Log Defaut Yes Any BLOCK always Any Any None aways Ad _Edit _Move Delete M Enable VPN Passthrough IPSec PPTP L2TP I Drop fragmented IP packets I Block TCP flood I Block UDP flood I Enable DNS proxy M Enable Stealth Mode I Respond to Ping on Internet Ports Apply _ Cancel Figure 6 1 Rules menu You may define additional rules that will specify exceptions to the default rules By adding custom rules you can block or allow access based on the service or application source or destination IP addresses and time of day You can also tailor these rules to your specific needs see Administrator Information on page 6 35 6 2 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Note This feature is for Advanced Administrators o
210. router until the router finishes restarting When the Test light turns off wait a few more seconds before doing anything with the router You need to manually restart the router to make the default settings effective After rebooting the router s password will be password the LAN IP address will be 192 168 1 1 and the router will act as a DHCP server on the LAN and act as a DHCP client to the Internet Router and Network Management 8 31 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e To restore the factory default configuration settings without knowing the login password or IP address you must use the Default Reset button on the front panel of the firewall see The Router s Front Panel on page 2 6 Also see Restoring the Default Configuration and Password on page 9 7 8 32 Router and Network Management 202 10085 01 March 2005 Chapter 9 Troubleshooting This chapter gives information about troubleshooting your FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports After each problem description instructions are provided to help you diagnose and solve the problem Basic Functioning After you turn on power to the firewall the following sequence of events should occur 1 When power is first applied verify that the PWR LED is on 2 After approximately 10 seconds verify that a The TEST LED is not lit b The LAN port L
211. rs Connect using i a 3Com 10 100 Mini PCI Ethernet Adapter e Verify that you have the correct Ethernet card selected in the Connect using box Components checked are used by this connection V amp Client for Microsoft Networks a A File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks e Verify that at least the following two items are displayed and selected in the box of Components checked are used by this connection e Client for Microsoft Networks and Install Uninstall Properties e Internet Protocol TCP IP Description Internet Protocol TCP IP A Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol The default e Click OK wide area network protocol that provides communication across diverse interconnected networks IV Show icon in taskbar when connected OK Cancel Preparing Your Network C 11 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e With Internet Protocol TCP IP selected click on Properties to open the Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties dialogue box e Verify that e Obtain an IP address automatically is selected e Obtain DNS server address automatically is selected e Click OK to return to Local Area Connection Properties Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties E 2x General You can get IP settings assigned automatically if your network supp
212. rt triggering Invoke the Port Triggering Status screen from Port Triggering screen Port Triggering Status Rule LAN IP Address Open Ports Time Remaining Refresh Back Figure 8 12 Port Triggering Status screen 8 22 Router and Network Management 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Table 8 1 Port Triggering Status data Item Description Rule The name of the Rule LAN IP Address The IP address of the PC currently using this rule Open Ports The Incoming ports which are associated the this rule Incoming traffic using one of these ports will be sent to the IP address above Time Remaining The time remaining before this rule is released and thus available for other PCs This timer is restarted whenever incoming or outgoing traffic is received Firewall You can view the log of the firewall activities Figure 8 3 shows the Log screen that is invoked by clicking Logs and Email under Security on the Main Menu bar Router and Network Management 8 23 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Logs and E mail Log Identifier FYX538 Include in log Include in Alerts I SYN Flood I Ping of Death Leap Spoofing Select the types of logs to email M Login Failure I WinNuke T IP Option Attacks v System Error Message I
213. rts Before Rollover Client B Gateway A WAN IP bzrouter dyndns org WAN IP LAN IP es X maa 10 5 6 1 aS WAN2 port inactive 0 0 0 0 VPN Router WANZ IP N A at employer s 5 main office Fully Qualified Domain Names FQDN Remote PC required for Fixed IP addresses running NETGEAR required for Dynamic IP addresses ProSafe VPN Client Figure 3 9 Dual gateway WAN ports before rollover for VPN road warrior The IP addresses of the gateway WAN ports can be either fixed or dynamic but a fully qualified domain name must always be used because the active WAN port could be either WAN1 or WAN2 i e the IP address of the active WAN port is not known in advance Network Planning 3 7 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports After a rollover of the gateway WAN port Figure 3 10 the previously inactive gateway WAN port becomes the active port port WAN2 in this example and the remote PC client must re establish the VPN tunnel The gateway WAN port must act as the responder 10 5 6 0 24 Road Warrior Example Dual WAN Ports After Rollover Client B WAN IP N A Gateway A WAN 1 port NAI X X WAN IP LAN IP SSB bzrouter dyndns org 0 0 0 0 10 5 6 1 WAN2 IP VPN Router at employer s s main office Fully Qualified Domain Names FQDN Remote PC required for Fixed IP addresses running NETGEAR required for
214. rule If the desired service or application does not appear in the list you must define it using the Services menu see Services on page 8 3 e Schedule You can specify whether the rule is to be applied on the Schedule 1 Schedule 2 or Schedule 3 time schedule see Schedule on page 8 3 See Using Rules to Block or Allow Specific Kinds of Traffic on page 6 1 for the procedure on how to use this feature Port Triggering Port triggering allows some applications to function correctly that would otherwise be partially blocked by the firewall Using this feature requires that you know the port numbers used by the Application Once configured operation is as follows e A PC makes an outgoing connection using a port number defined in the Port Triggering table e This Router records this connection opens the additional INCOMING port or ports associated with this entry in the Port Triggering table and associates them with the PC e The remote system receives the PCs request and responds using the different port numbers that you have now opened e This Router matches the response to the previous request and forwards the response to the PC Without Port Triggering this response would be treated as a new connection request rather than a response As such it would be handled in accordance with the Port Forwarding rules Only one PC can use a Port Triggering application at any time 8 6 Router and Network Managemen
215. rule will be applied only when the destination IP address of the incoming packet matches the IP address of the WAN interface selected or Specific IP address entered in this field Selecting ANY enables the rule for any IP in destination field similarly WAN1 and WAN2 corresponds to respective wan interfaces QoS Priority Log This setting determines the priority of a service which in turn determines the quality of that service for the traffic passing through the firewall By default the priority shown is that of the selected service The user can change it accordingly If the user does not make a selection i e leaves it as None then the native priority of the service will be applied to the policy 5 is the highest priority See Quality of Service QoS Priorities on page 6 18 This determines whether packets covered by this rule are logged Select the desired action Always always log traffic considered by this rule whether it matches or not This is useful when debugging your rules e Never never log traffic considered by this rule whether it matches or not Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Note Some residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server Cal processes such as a Web or FTP server from your location Your ISP may periodically check for s
216. s e Click OK to continue Restart the PC Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network TCP IP Properties 21x Bindings Advanced Ne sios DNS Configuration Gateway WINS Configuration IP Address An IP address can be automatically assigned to this computer If your network does not automatically assign IP addresses ask your network administrator for an address and then type itin the space below Cancel Selecting Windows Internet Access Method 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Internet Options icon 3 Select I want to set up my Internet connection manually or I want to connect through a Local Area Network and click Next 4 Select I want to connect through a Local Area Network and click Next 5 Uncheck all boxes in the LAN Internet Configuration screen and click Next 6 Proceed to the end of the Wizard Verifying TCP IP Properties After your PC is configured and has rebooted you can check the TCP IP configuration using the utility winipcfg exe 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button and then click Run C 6 Preparing Your Network 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Type winipefg and then click OK The IP Configuration window open
217. s which lists among other things your IP address subnet mask and default gateway From the drop down box select your Ethernet adapter The window is updated to show your settings which should match the values below if you are using the default TCP IP settings that NETGEAR recommends for connecting through a router or gateway e The IP address is between 192 168 0 2 and 192 168 0 254 e The subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 e The default gateway is 192 168 1 1 Configuring Windows NT4 2000 or XP for IP Networking As part of the PC preparation process you may need to install and configure TCP IP on each networked PC Before starting locate your Windows CD you may need to insert it during the TCP IP installation process Install or Verify Windows Networking Components To install or verify the necessary components for IP networking 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Network and Dialup Connections icon 3 Ifan Ethernet adapter is present in your PC you should see an entry for Local Area Connection Double click that entry 4 Select Properties 5 Verify that Client for Microsoft Networks and Internet Protocol TCP IP are present If not select Install and add them 6 Select Internet Protocol TCP IP click Properties and verify that Obtain an IP address automatically is selected 7 Click OK and close all Ne
218. s against possible security exposures by protecting data while in while in transit IPSec Security Features IPSec is the most secure method commercially available for connecting network sites PSec was designed to provide the following security features when transferring packets across networks e Authentication Verifies that the packet received is actually from the claimed sender e Integrity Ensures that the contents of the packet did not change in transit e Confidentiality Conceals the message content through encryption IPSec Components IPSec contains the following elements D 2 Virtual Private Networking 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e Encapsulating Security Payload ESP Provides confidentiality authentication and integrity e Authentication Header AH Provides authentication and integrity e Internet Key Exchange IKE Provides key management and Security Association SA management Encapsulating Security Payload ESP ESP provides authentication integrity and confidentiality which protect against data tampering and most importantly provide message content protection IPSec provides an open framework for implementing industry standard algorithms such as SHA and MDS The algorithms IPSec uses produce a unique and unforgeable identifier for each packet which is a data equivalent of a fingerprint This fingerprint allo
219. s and the rule will be applied to that particular PC Address range If this option is selected you must enter the start and finish fields e Groups Select the Group you wish this rule to apply to You can use the Network Database screen to assign PCs to Groups See Managing Groups and Hosts on page 6 20 WAN Users These settings determine which Internet locations are covered by the rule based on their IP address Select the desired option Any All Internet IP address are covered by this rule e Single address Enter the required address in the start fields Address range If this option is selected you must enter the start and finish fields Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 6 13 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Table 6 1 Outbound Services Item Description QoS Priority Log This setting determines the priority of a service which in turn determines the quality of that service for the traffic passing through the firewall By default the priority shown is that of the selected service The user can change it accordingly If the user does not make a selection i e leaves it as None then the native priority of the service will be applied to the policy 5 is the highest priority See Quality of Service QoS Priorities on page 6 18 This determines whether packets covered by th
220. s is selected the specified restriction will be applied to the incoming traffic only Both Directions If this is selected the specified restriction will be applied to both incoming and outgoing traffic only Enable Monthly Limit Use this if your ISP charges for additional traffic If enabled enter the monthly volume limit and select the desired behavior when the limit is reached Note Both incoming and outgoing traffic are included in the limit Increase this month s limit Use this to temporarily increase the Traffic Limit if you have reached the monthly limit but need to continue accessing the Internet Check the checkbox and enter the desired increase The checkbox will automatically be cleared when saved so the increase is only applied once This month s limit This displays the limit for the current month Restart traffic counter This determines when the traffic counter restarts Choose the desired time and day of the month Restart Counter Now Click this button to restart the Traffic Counter immediately Send E mail Report before restarting counter If checked an E mail report will be sent immediately before restarting the counter You must configure the E mail screen in order for this function to work see Getting E Mail Notifications of Event Logs and Alerts on page 6 30 When limit is reached Select the desired option e Block all traffic all access to and from the Intern
221. s paragraph are duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation advertising materials and other materials related to such distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed by Carnegie Mellon University The name of the University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Zlib zlib h interface of the zlib general purpose compression library version 1 1 4 March 11th 2002 Copyright C 1995 2002 Jean loup Gailly and Mark Adler This software is provided as is without any express or implied warranty In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose including commercial applications and to alter it and redistribute it freely subject to the following restrictions 1 The origin of this software must not be misrepresented you must not claim that you wrote the original software If you use this software in a product an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be appreciated but is not required 2 Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such and must not be misrepresented as being the original software
222. se this feature Tools for Traffic Management The FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports includes several tools that can be used to monitor the traffic conditions of the firewall and control who has access to the Internet and the types of traffic they are allowed to have See Monitoring on page 8 14 for a discussion of the tools Router and Network Management 8 7 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Administrator and Guest Access Authorization You can change the administrator and guest passwords administrator login timeout and enable remote management Administrator access is read write and guest access is read only Changing the Passwords and Login Timeout The default passwords for the firewall s Web Configuration Manager is password Netgear recommends that you change this password to a more secure password From the main menu of the browser interface under the Management heading select Set Password to bring up this menu Set Password User Name is Admin Old Full Access Password lt Change administrator password New Full Access Password Repeat New Full Access Password User Name is Guest Old Read Only Password en es Change guest read only password New Read Only Password A Repeat New Read Only Password M Administrator login times out after idle for 5 minutes a Change administrator log
223. ses a process called stateful packet inspection to ensure secure firewall filtering to protect your network from attacks and intrusions Since user level applications such as FTP and Web browsers can create complex patterns of network traffic it is necessary for the firewall to analyze groups of network connection states Using Stateful Packet Inspection an incoming packet is intercepted at the network layer and then analyzed for state related information associated with all network connections A central cache within the firewall keeps track of the state information associated with all network connections All traffic passing through the firewall is analyzed against the state of these connections in order to determine whether or not it will be allowed to pass through or rejected Denial of Service Attack A hacker may be able to prevent your network from operating or communicating by launching a Denial of Service DoS attack The method used for such an attack can be as simple as merely flooding your site with more requests than it can handle A more sophisticated attack may attempt to exploit some weakness in the operating system used by your router or gateway Some operating systems can be disrupted by simply sending a packet with incorrect length information Ethernet Cabling Although Ethernet networks originally used thick or thin coaxial cable most installations currently use unshielded twisted pair UTP cabling The UTP cable contains ei
224. siderations for Inbound Rules e If your external IP address is assigned dynamically by your ISP the IP address may change periodically as the DHCP lease expires Consider using the Dyamic DNS feature in the Advanced menus so that external users can always find your network e If the IP address of the local server PC is assigned by DHCP it may change when the PC is rebooted To avoid this use the Reserved IP address feature in the LAN IP menu to keep the PC s IP address constant e Local PCs must access the local server using the PCs local LAN address 192 168 0 99 in this example Attempts by local PCs to access the server using the external WAN IP address will fail Outbound Rules Service Blocking The FVS124G allows you to block the use of certain Internet services by PCs on your network This is called service blocking or port filtering Outbound Services Service ANY z Action BLOCK by schedule otherwise allow gt Select Schedule Schedule 1 gt LAN Users Any z start finish l n WAN Users Any z start PS hs finish he A he QoS Priority None z Log Never Back Apply Cancel Figure 6 8 Add Outbound Service Rules screen 6 12 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports gt Note See Source MAC Filtering on page 6 27 for yet another way to block outbound
225. so provides optional anti replay protection which protects against unauthorized retransmission of packets The authentication header is inserted into the packet between the IP header and any subsequent packet contents The payload is not touched Although AH protects the packet s origin destination and contents from being tampered with the identity of the sender and receiver is known In addition AH does not protect the data s confidentiality If data is intercepted and only AH is used the message contents can be read ESP protects data confidentiality For added protection in certain cases AH and ESP can be used together In the following table IP HDR represents the IP header and includes both source and destination IP addresses Original Packet IP HDR TCP Data Packet with IPSec Authentication Header IP HDR TCP Data Authenticated Figure 9 5 Original packet and packet with IPSec Authentication Header IKE Security Association IPSec introduces the concept of the Security Association SA An SA is a logical connection between two devices transferring data An SA provides data protection for unidirectional traffic by using the defined IPSec protocols An IPSec tunnel typically consists of two unidirectional SAs which together provide a protected full duplex data channel The SAs allow an enterprise to control exactly what resources may communicate securely according to security policy To do this an enterprise can set up
226. sts originating from the local network Requests originating from outside the LAN are discarded preventing users outside the LAN from finding and directly accessing the PCs on the LAN e Port Forwarding with NAT Although NAT prevents Internet locations from directly accessing the PCs on the LAN the firewall allows you to direct incoming traffic to specific PCs based on the service port number of the incoming request You can specify forwarding of single ports or ranges of ports e Powerful Firewall Rules Both inbound and outbound traffic can be controlled tightly by defining your own rules regarding permitted users services protocols schedules and destinations Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink With its internal 4 port 10 100 1000 switch the FVS124G can connect to either a 10 Mbps standard Ethernet network a 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet network or a 1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet Both the LAN and WAN interfaces are autosensing and capable of full duplex or half duplex operation The firewall incorporates Auto Uplink technology Each Ethernet port will automatically sense whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a normal connection such as to a PC or an uplink connection such as to a switch or hub That port will then configure itself to the correct configuration This feature also eliminates the need to worry about crossover cables as Auto Uplink will accommodate either type of cable to make the
227. t 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports After a PC has finished using a Port Triggering application there is a time out period before the application can be used by another PC This is required because the firewall cannot be sure when the application has terminated See Port Triggering on page 6 28 for the procedure on how to use this feature VPN Tunnels The VPN firewall permits up to 200 VPN tunnels at a time Each tunnel requires extensive processing for encryption and authentication See Chapter 7 Virtual Private Networking for the procedure on how to use this feature Using QoS to Shift the Traffic Mix The QoS priority settings determine the priority and in turn the quality of service for the traffic passing through the firewall The QoS is set individually for each service e You can accept the default priority defined by the service itself by observing its QoS setting e You can override its default setting to give the service higher or lower priority than it otherwise would have You will not change the WAN bandwidth used by changing any QoS priority settings But you will change the mix of traffic through the WAN ports by granting some services a higher priority than others The quality of a service is impacted by its QoS setting however See Quality of Service QoS Priorities on page 6 18 for the procedure on how to u
228. t on page 8 8 for the procedure on how to do this Figure 8 2 shows the Remote Management screen that is invoked by clicking Remote Management under Management on the Main Menu bar Remote Management I Allow Remote Management Allow remote access by Everyone Be sure to change default password C IP address range rom IE JEC vo L L L C Onlythis PC A Port Number soso IP Address to connect to this device Be sure to type https not http 10 1 0 170 Apply Cancel Figure 8 2 Remote Management screen To configure your firewall for Remote Management 1 Select the Turn Remote Management On check box 2 Specify what external addresses will be allowed to access the firewall s remote management Note For enhanced security restrict access to as few external IP addresses as practical Router and Network Management 8 9 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports a To allow access from any IP address on the Internet select Everyone b To allow access from a range of IP addresses on the Internet select IP address range Enter a beginning and ending IP address to define the allowed range c To allow access from a single IP address on the Internet select Only this PC Enter the IP address that will be allowed access 3 Specify the Port Number that will be used for accessing the management int
229. t for RIP 1 RIP 1 is universally supported RIP 1 is probably adequate for most networks unless you have an unusual network setup RIP 2 carries more information Both RIP 2B and RIP 2M send the routing data in RIP 2 format RIP 2B uses subnet broadcasting RIP 2M uses multicasting Note Multicasting can reduce the load on non router machines because they do not listen to the RIP multicast address and will not receive the RIP packets However if one router uses multicasting then all routers on your network must use multicasting For RIP 2B and RIP 2M you can select the type of authentication as NONE or MDS If MDS is selected additional parameters need to be entered Use router as DHCP server By default the router will function as a DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server providing TCP IP configuration for all computers connected to the router s LAN If another device on your network will be the DHCP server or if you will manually configure all devices select the Disable option under DHCP configuration Select the DHCP Relay option to configure the router as a DHCP relay DHCP Log Click this button to see the IP addresses which have been allocated by the DHCP Server to PCs and other DHCP clients Starting IP Address This box specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool 192 168 1 2 is the default start address LAN Configuration 5 3 202 10085 01 March 2005 Refe
230. t the login name and password e Your ISP may check for your PC s host name Assign the PC Host Name of your ISP account as the Account Name in the Basic Settings menu e Your ISP only allows one Ethernet MAC address to connect to Internet and may check for your PC s MAC address In this case Inform your ISP that you have bought a new network device and ask them to use the firewall s MAC address 9 4 Troubleshooting 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports OR Configure your firewall to spoof your PC s MAC address This can be done in the Basic Settings menu Refer to Manually Configuring Your Internet Connection on page 4 12 If your firewall can obtain an IP address but your PC is unable to load any web pages from the Internet e Your PC may not recognize any DNS server addresses A DNS server is a host on the Internet that translates Internet names such as www addresses to numeric IP addresses Typically your ISP will provide the addresses of one or two DNS servers for your use You may configure your PC manually with DNS addresses as explained in your operating system documentation e Your PC may not have the firewall configured as its TCP IP gateway Troubleshooting a TCP IP Network Using a Ping Utility Most TCP IP terminal devices and firewalls contain a ping utility that sends an echo request packet to the designated device
231. t want to enable remote management at this time so that you can log in remotely in the future to manage the firewall See Enabling Remote Management Access on page 8 9 for more information Remote management enable is cleared with a factory default reset Whenever you enable remote management you are strongly advised to change your password See Changing the Passwords and Login Timeout on page 8 8 for the procedure on how to do this Step 3 Configure the Internet Connections to Your ISPs Required The steps to configure the Internet connections to your ISPs are to configure WAN port 1 first and then configure WAN port 2 second 1 The steps to configure WAN port 1 are as follows a You should now be connected to the firewall If you do not see the WAN1 ISP Settings screen shown in Figure 4 3 click the WAN1 ISP link directly under WAN Setup on the upper left of the main menu 4 8 Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports WAN1 screens Setup Wizard WAN1 Will you be using NAT Network Address Translation or Classical Routing G NAT Classical Routing NAT is the default mode and should be chosen unless you are using valid IP addresses for all devices on your network NAT allows sharing of a single valid IP address among a range of private IP addresses WA
232. ta Inspection IT WinNuke General Attacks I IP Option Attacks I Unavailable Policies Bock _Geortog _Sendtog I Admin Login I Configuration Changes I Access Statistics T all Websites and news groups visited I Verbose Email Logs Disable Enable Syslog Disable Enable Log Queue Length fi 5 Log Threshold Time fi 5 Alert Queue Length fi 5 Apply Cancel Figure 6 19 Firewall Logs menu Table 6 7 Log entry descriptions Field Description Date and Time The date and time the log entry was recorded Description or The type of event and what action was taken if any Action Source IP The IP address of the initiating device for this log entry 6 34 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Table 6 7 Log entry descriptions Field Description Source port and The service port number of the initiating device and whether it originated interface from the LAN or WAN Destination The name or IP address of the destination device or website Destination port and The service port number of the destination device and whether it s on the interface LAN or WAN Table 6 8 Log action buttons Field Description Refresh Click this button to refresh the log screen Clear Log Click this button to clear the log entries Send Log C
233. tarting locate your Windows CD you may need to insert it during the TCP IP installation process Install or Verify Windows Networking Components To install or verify the necessary components for IP networking 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Network icon The Network window opens which displays a list of installed components C 2 Preparing Your Network 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Network Ea Configuration Identification Access Control The following network components are installed E Client for Microsoft Networks NETGEAR FA310TX Fast Ethernet PCI Adapter Primary Network Logon Client for Microsoft Networks 7 Eile and Print Sharing Description You must have an Ethernet adapter the TCP IP protocol and Client for Microsoft Networks Note It is not necessary to remove any other network components shown in the Network window in order to install the adapter TCP IP or Client for Microsoft Networks gt If you need to install a new adapter follow these steps a Click the Add button b Select Adapter and then click Add c Select the manufacturer and model of your Ethernet adapter and then click OK If you need TCP IP a Click the Add button b Select Protocol and then clic
234. ted by the DHCP Server in this device this IP address will not change Where the IP address is set on the PC as a fixed IP address you may need to update this entry manually if the IP address on the PC is changed MAC Address The MAC address of the PC The MAC address is a low level network identifier which is fixed at manufacture Group Each PC or device must be in a single group The Group column indicates which group each entry is in By default all entries are in the Default group the D column Operations Group Assignment You can select a group for any entry by selecting the desired group from the drop down menu in the Group column Click Apply Adding a new Entry lf a PC is not connected using a fixed IP or a different LAN segment it may not be listed In this case you can add it by clicking the Add button Editing an Entry You can edit an entry by selecting its radio button and clicking the Edit button Deleting an Entry lIf a PC or device has been removed from your network you can delete it from the database by selecting its radio button and clicking the Delete button Edit Group Names The Group names can be edited by clicking Edit Group Names button By default the group names are Default Marketing Sales Warehouse Support Lab1 Lab2 and Others e e e Using a Schedule to Block or Allow Specific Traffic If you enabled content filtering in the Block Sites menu
235. ted to it e The firewall s Internet light is lit indicating a link has been established to the cable or DSL modem See The Router s Front Panel on page 2 6 for a description of lights on the front panel and their meaning Step 2 Log in to the VPN Firewall Required Note To connect to the firewall your computer needs to be configured to obtain an IP address automatically via DHCP If you need instructions on how to do this please refer to Appendix C Preparing Your Network 1 Connect to the firewall by typing Attp 192 168 1 1 in the address field of Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet 4 7 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports NetGear Business Router Microsoft Internet Explorer loj xj Gie Edt yew Favortes Joos Help Heak gt OA A Rech Favores Bmeda J D Sw aa a Address http 192 168 1 1 v Go Uks NETGEAR Configuration Manager User Name Password Login Reset Figure 4 2 Login screen on the Web browser 2 For security reasons the firewall has its own user name and password When prompted enter admin for the firewall user name and password for the firewall password both in lower case letters The firewall user name and password are not the same as any user name or password you may use to log in to your Internet connection d Note You migh
236. ter Rollover WAN IP WANT IP N A Gateway _netgear dyndns org Gateway WAN port inactive WAN2 port inactive netgear dyndns org IP address of active WAN port changes after a rollover use of fully qualified domain names always required Figure 3 6 Dual gateway WAN ports before and after rollover e Load Balancing Case for Dual Gateway WAN Ports Load balancing Figure 3 7 for the dual gateway WAN port case is the same as the single gateway WAN port case when specifying the IP address of the VPN tunnel end point Each IP address is either fixed or dynamic based on the ISP fully qualified domain names must be used when the IP address is dynamic and are optional when the IP address is static Dual WAN Ports Load Balancing Gateway Roan ne IP addresses of WAN ports same as single netgear yn ns org D WAN port case use of fully qualified domain names required for dynamic IP addresses and optional for fixed IP addresses l netgear2 dyndns org VPN Router WAN2 IP Figure 3 7 Dual gateway WAN ports for load balancing VPN Road Warrior Client to Gateway The following situations exemplify the requirements for a remote PC client with no firewall to establish a VPN tunnel with a gateway VPN firewall e Single gateway WAN port e Redundant dual gateway WAN ports for increased reliability before and after rollover e Dual gateway WAN ports used for load balancing VPN Road Warrior Single Gateway WAN Port Referenc
237. teway to Gateway Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Load Balancing In the case of the dual WAN ports on the gateway VPN firewall Figure 3 15 either of the gateway WAN ports at one end can be programmed in advance to initiate the VPN tunnel with the appropriate gateway WAN port at the other end as necessary to manage the loads of the gateway WAN ports because the IP addresses of the WAN ports are known in advance 10 5 6 0 24 Gateway to Gateway Example 172 23 9 0 24 Dual WAN Ports Load Balancing WAN_A 1 IP WAN B1 IP Gateway A netgear1 dyndns org 22 23 24 25 Gateway B LAN IP an _ 1056 1 netgear2 dyndns org 22 23 24 26 172 23 9 1 VPN Router WAN_A2 IP WAN_B2 IP VPN Router at office A Fully Qualified Domain Names FQDN at office B optional for Fixed IP addresses required for Dynamic IP addresses Figure 3 15 Dual gateway WAN ports load balancing case for gateway to gateway VPN tunnels Network Planning 3 11 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports The IP addresses of the gateway WAN ports can be either fixed or dynamic If an IP address is dynamic a fully qualified domain name must be used If an IP address is fixed a fully qualified domain name is optional VPN Telecommuter Client to Gateway Through a NAT Router Note The telecommuter case presumes the home office has a dynamic IP address and gt NAT router
238. the IP address of the active WAN port always changes Hence the use of a fully qualified domain name is always required even when the IP address of each WAN port is fixed Dual WAN Ports Before Rollover Dual WAN Ports After Rollover WAN1 IP WAN1 IP N A Router WAN1 port active Router WAN1 port inactive EE aE 4 WAN2 port inactive WAN2Z port active WAN2 IP WAN2 IP N A IP address of active WAN port changes after a rollover o use of fully qualified domain names always required o features requiring fixed IP address blocks not supported Figure 3 1 Dual WAN ports before and after rollover Features such as multiple exposed hosts are not supported when using dual WAN port rollover because the IP addresses of each WAN port must be in the identical range of fixed addresses The Load Balancing Case for Firewalls With Dual WAN Ports Load balancing Figure 3 2 for the dual WAN port case is similar to the single WAN port case when specifying the IP address Each IP address is either fixed or dynamic based on the ISP fully qualified domain names must be used when the IP address is dynamic and are optional when the IP address is static Dual WAN Ports Load Balancing WAN IP Router netgear1 dyndns org Use of fully qualified domain names for IP addresses of WAN ports o required for dynamic IP addresses A o optional for fixed IP addresses netgear2 dyndns org WAN2 IP Figure 3 2 Dual WAN ports for load b
239. the Network panel as shown below C 4 Preparing Your Network 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Verify the following settings as shown e Client for Microsoft Network exists e Ethernet adapter is present e TCP IP is present e Primary Network Logon is set to Windows logon Click on the Properties button The following TCP IP Properties window will display Network 21x Configuration Identification Access Control The following network components are installed E Client for Microsoft Networks 3Com Fast EtherLink xL 10 100Mb TX Ethernet Adapter TCP IP Add BEmGyE Propenies Primary Network Logon Client for Microsoft Networks 7 Client for Microsoft Networks f windows Logon Description The primary network logon is the client that is used to validate your user name and password process any login scripts and perform other startup tasks Preparing Your Network 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e By default the IP Address tab is open on this window e Verify the following Obtain an IP address automatically is selected If not selected click in the radio button to the left of it to select it This setting is required to enable the DHCP server to automatically assign an IP addres
240. the selected WAN mode This setup is accomplished in Step 4 Configure the WAN Mode Required for Dual WAN on page 4 15 Rollover Mode Setup Screen WAN Mode NAT Network Address Transtation NAT C Classical Routing Auto Rollover C Load Balancing Detect WAN failure by DNS lookup using ISP s DNS Server C Public DNS Server z TestPeriodis 39 seconds Failover after 4 failures Auto Rollover Primary WAN Port Want C WAN 2 Apply Cancel Figure 7 1 WAN Mode Setup screens Load Balancing Mode Setup Screen WAN Mode NAT Network Address Transiation NAT Classical Routing Auto Rollover Load Balancing Detect WAN failure by DNS lookup using ISP s ONS Server Public ONS Server Test Period is 30 seconds Failover after 4 failures Apply Cancel Protocol Binding WANI Serice Source Network Destination Network Enable Add Edi Delete WAN2 Service Source Network Destination Network Enable Ada Edit Delete Fully Qualified Domain Names The use of fully qualified domain names is e Mandatory when the WAN ports are in rollover mode Figure 7 2 e Mandatory when the WAN port are in load balancing mode and the IP addresses are dynamic Figure 7 3 e Optional when the WAN ports are in load balancing mode the IP addresses are static Figure 7 3 7 2 Virtual Private Networking 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewa
241. these logs in an Email message e To receive alerts and logs by e mail you have to enable Email Logs option Inthe Respond to Identd from SMTP Server check this box to respond to IDENT protocol Inthe Email Server address Enter E mail outgoing SMTP mail server of your ISP for example 172 16 1 10 If you leave this box blank no alerts or logs will be sent to you Inthe Return Email Address box type the user s e mail address Inthe Log Alert Email box type the e mail address where the logs and alerts will be sent Use a full e mail address for example ChrisX Y myISP com Inthe Authenticate with SMTP server Check this box to enable authentication for alerts and logs Inthe User Name Box fill the user name for SMTP authentication In the Password Box fill the password for SMTP authentication Syslog Enable or disable as required e Disable Select this if you don t have a Syslog server e Enable Syslog server IP address If your Syslog server has a fixed IP address select this option and enter the IP address of your Syslog server and select appropriate syslog facility Message length and frequency e In the Log Queue Length box set the logs queue length 6 32 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e Inthe Log Threshold Time box set the logs Threshold time e
242. this method will not allow Internet access through this Router To learn the status of the WAN ports you can view the Router Status page see Firewall Status on page 8 14 or look at the LEDs on the front panel see The Router s Front Panel on page 2 6 Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet 4 15 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Rollover Setup Perform the following steps to configure the dual WAN ports for rollover 1 Click the WAN Mode link directly under Setup on the upper left of the main menu to invoke the WAN Mode Auto Rollover screen shown in Figure 4 6 IWAN Mode NAT Network Address Translation NAT Classical Routing Auto Rollover Load Balancing Detect WAN failure by DNS lookup using ISP s DNS Server Public DNS Server 4 Test Period is 30 seconds Failover after 4 failures Auto Rollover Primary WAN Port WAN 1 WAN 2 Apply Cancel Figure 4 6 WAN Mode screen for auto rollover Fill out the screen using the following parameter definitions e Detection of WAN failure WAN failure is detected using DNS queries to the DNS server For each WAN interface DNS queries are sent to the configured DNS server If the DNS replies are not received the corresponding WAN interface is considered down ISP DNS Server lIn this case DNS queries are sent to the DNS server
243. this to protect the router from Syn flood attack e Enable DNS Proxy Enable this to allow the incoming DNS queries e Enable Stealth Mode Enable this to set the firewall to operate in stealth mode As you define your firewall rules you can further refine their application according to the following criteria e LAN users These settings determine which computers on your network are affected by this rule Select the desired IP Address in this field Router and Network Management 8 5 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e WAN Users These settings determine which Internet locations are covered by the rule based on their IP address Any The rule applies to all Internet IP address Single address The rule applies to a single Internet IP address Address range The rule is applied to a range of Internet IP addresses e Destination Address These settings determine the destination IP address for this rule which will be applicable to incoming traffic this rule will be applied only when the destination IP address of the incoming packet matches the IP address of the WAN interface selected or Specific IP address entered in this field Selecting ANY enables the rule for any IP in destination field similarly WAN1 and WAN corresponds to respective wan interfaces e Services You can specify the desired Services or applications to be covered by this
244. tics You can perform diagnostics such as pinging an IP address perform a DNS lookup display the routing table reboot the firewall and capture packets Note For normal operation diagnostics are not required Router and Network Management 8 27 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Diagnostics Ping or Trace an IP address IP Address b 2 Trace Route Perform a DNS Lookup Internet Name Lookup IP address Display the Routing Table Display Reboot the Router Reboot Capture Packets Packet Trace Figure 8 17 Diagnostics screen Table 8 1 Diagnostics Item Description Ping or Trace an IP address Ping Use this to send a ping packet request to the specified IP address This is often used to test a connection If the request times out no reply is received this usually means the destination is unreachable However some network devices can be configured not to respond to a ping The ping results will be displayed in a new screen click Back to return to the Diagnostics screen Trace Often called Trace Route this will list all Routers between the source this device and the destination IP address The Trace Route results will be displayed in a new screen click Back to return to the Diagnostics screen Perform a DNS Lookup A DNS Domain Name Server converts the Internet name e g www netgear com to
245. ts both the older RIP 1 and the newer RIP 2 protocols Among other improvements RIP 2 supports subnet and multicast protocols RIP is not required for most home applications IP Addresses and the Internet Because TCP IP networks are interconnected across the world every machine on the Internet must have a unique address to make sure that transmitted data reaches the correct destination Blocks of addresses are assigned to organizations by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority IANA Individual users and small organizations may obtain their addresses either from the ANA or from an Internet service provider ISP You can contact IANA at www iana org The Internet Protocol IP uses a 32 bit address structure The address is usually written in dot notation also called dotted decimal notation in which each group of eight bits is written in decimal form separated by decimal points For example the following binary address 11000011 00100010 00001100 00000111 is normally written as B 2 Network Routing Firewall and Basics 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 195 34 12 7 The latter version is easier to remember and easier to enter into your computer In addition the 32 bits of the address are subdivided into two parts The first part of the address identifies the network and the second part identifies the host node or station on the network
246. ts for Improved Reliability 3 13 VPN Telecommuter Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Load Balancing 3 14 Chapter 4 Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet What You Will Need to Do Before You Begin cccccesccceeeeeeeeececeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeneeeeneneenees 4 1 Cabling and Computer Hardware Requirement ccccccseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeees 4 3 Computer Network Configuration Requirements cccccessceeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 4 3 Internet Configuration REQUIFEMENHS cccceeeececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeseeeeeeetaeeseeneeeeaas 4 4 Where Do Get the Internet Configuration Parameters ccccseeeeseeeesteeeeeeees 4 4 Record Your Internet Connection Information ccccceesceeeeceeeeeneeeeeteeeeeaeeeees 4 5 Connecting the FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 4 6 Step 1 Physically Connect the VPN Firewall to Your Network Required 4 7 Step 2 Log in to the VPN Firewall Required cccccecceeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeaaeeeeeeeeees 4 7 Step 3 Configure the Internet Connections to Your ISPs Required 000 4 8 Manually Configuring Your Internet Connection cccceceeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeseeeeees 4 12 Programming the Traffic Meter if Desired 0 2 2 esscceeeeesscceeeeeeeeneeeeeetenees 4 13 Step 4 Configure the WAN Mode Required for Dual WAN sses 4 15 Rollover SEW cccccsdrectnict nace scicdancteedececanvesdas
247. tware on Host A initiates the IPSec process in an attempt to communicate with Host B The two computers then begin the Internet Key Exchange IKE process Virtual Private Networking D 9 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 2 IKE Phase I a The two parties negotiate the encryption and authentication algorithms to use in the IKE SAs The two parties authenticate each other using a predetermined mechanism such as preshared keys or digital certificates A shared master key is generated by the Diffie Hellman Public key algorithm within the IKE framework for the two parties The master key is also used in the second phase to derive IPSec keys for the SAs 3 IKE Phase II a The two parties negotiate the encryption and authentication algorithms to use in the IPSec SAs The master key is used to derive the IPSec keys for the SAs Once the SA keys are created and exchanged the IPSec SAs are ready to protect user data between the two VPN gateways 4 Data transfer Data is transferred between IPSec peers based on the IPSec parameters and keys stored in the SA database 5 IPSec tunnel termination IPSec SAs terminate through deletion or by timing out VPNC IKE Security Parameters It is important to remember that both gateways must have the identical parameters set for the process to work correctly The settings in these TechNote examples foll
248. twork and Dialup Connections windows 8 Then restart your PC Preparing Your Network C 7 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP IP Settings You will find there are many similarities in the procedures for different Windows systems when using DHCP to configure TCP IP The following steps will walk you through the configuration process for each of these versions of Windows DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP Locate your Network Neighborhood icon e Select Control Panel from the Windows XP new Start Menu e Select the Network Connections icon on the Control Panel This will take you to the next step NB Local Area Conneq Network Tasks Disable fa Create a new connection Repair amp Disable this network device Bridge Connections Q Repair this connection fai Rename this connection Greets shore e Now the Network Connection window View status of this 3 1 connection enone disp ays 2 Change settings of this Properties connection The Connections List that shows all the network connections set up on the PC located to the right of the window Details Other Places e Right click on the Connection you will use and choose Status C 8 Preparing Your Network 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Du
249. uired for dynamic IP address and is optional for fixed IP address Figure 3 3 Inbound traffic to single WAN port case Inbound Traffic to Dual WAN Port Systems The IP address range of the firewall s WAN port must be both fixed and public so that the public can send incoming traffic to the multiple exposed hosts when this feature is supported and enabled Network Planning 3 3 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Inbound Traffic Dual WAN Ports for Improved Reliability In the dual WAN port case with rollover Figure 3 4 the WAN s IP address will always change at rollover A fully qualified domain name must be used that toggles between the IP addresses of the WAN ports i e WAN1 or WAN2 Dual WAN Ports Before Rollover Dual WAN Ports After Rollover WAN IP WANT IP N A Router netgear dyndns org Router WAN port inactive ss X EEE XA O E a WAN2 port inactive D netgear dyndns org p WAN2 IP y WANZ IP N A 5 IP address of active WAN port changes after a rollover use of fully qualified domain names always required Figure 3 4 Inbound traffic to dual WAN ports before and after rollover Inbound Traffic Dual WAN Ports for Load Balancing In the dual WAN port case for load balancing Figure 3 5 the Internet address of each WAN port is either fixed if the IP address is fixed or a fully qualifie
250. uncens B 8 MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol cccceeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees B 9 etc aceite eg DECON Geen rereermenr Tree Tener tT teen cy rrr rer ttthrr renter erred spr irar een y herr seer prrrrreten tr B 9 Doman Name GIGI sorrindo inean nE a EE B 10 IP Comoran D DACP saisaitia oaasi nii kaana aoa B 10 Internet Security and Firewalls sisemeri eaen B 10 Warea Fea nnana a R B 11 Salem Facket INSPECtiG arissininonisaanaiei na ekaa aai aa aii B 11 Denial of Sewe GOK arican A Ea B 11 Emnerne Ga BING srr mhen TE B 11 Category S Canle QUAY ssrcarancnniian a e B 12 ingide Twisted Fair Cables coroncina ariarian OA EEN B 13 Uplink Switches Crossover Cables and MDI MDIX Switching cccceeeee B 14 Appendix C Preparing Your Network Preparing Your Computers for TCP IP Networking cccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeneeees C 1 Configuring Windows 95 98 and Me for TCP IP Networking cccsceeeeseeeetteeeeeees C 2 Install or Verify Windows Networking Component c ccccsceeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeee C 2 Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP IP Settings ccccesceeseeeeee C 4 Selecting Windows Internet Access Method cccccceesseeceeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeesaaeeeeneees C 6 vanning TOPAP PIG pete sists sciccisieecisnrrteaivoinds contenu a aaie C 6 Configuring Windows NT4 2000 or XP for IP Networking c ccececeeeeeeeeeesteeeeenees C 7 Install or Veri
251. utdown happens Figure 8 3 shows the Log screen that is invoked by clicking Logs and Email under Security on the Main Menu bar 8 12 Router and Network Management 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Logs and E mail Log Identifier FVX538 Include in log Include in Alerts IV System Error Messages SYN Flood Deny Policies I Ping of Death Dieu Foicias Lin Spoofing Select the types of alerts to email I Content Filtering Login Failure I Data Inspection I WinNuke M General Attacks I IP Option Attacks I Unavailable Policies I Admin Login I Configuration Changes I Access Statistics I All Websites and news groups visited I Verbose Z mail Logs C Disable Enable Respond to Identd from SMTP Server E mail Server Address Return Mail Address Send To Mail Address lt Enable email alerts I Authenticate with SMTP Server User Name Password Syslog Disable Enable Syslog Server SysLog Facility Local Accumulate 64 messages before K sending a log email Log Queue Length 64 entries a Wait 24 hours before sending Log Threshold Time 24 hours sending an email Pant ny Lenin 8 entries lt Accumulate 8 messages before sending an alert email Apply Cancel g Figure 8 4 Logs and email screen Router and Network Management 8 13 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manua
252. ver names extensions commands IP addresses This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages Ct Note This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest This manual is written for the FVS124G VPN Firewall according to these specifications Table 1 2 Manual Scope Product Version FVS124G ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Manual Publication Date March 2005 Note Product updates are available on the NETGEAR Inc Web site at gt http kbserver netgear com products FVS124G asp About This Manual 1 1 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports How to Use This Manual The HTML version of this manual includes the following e Buttons gt and lt for browsing forwards or backwards through the manual one page at a time e A button that displays the table of contents and an button Double click on a link in the table of contents or index to navigate directly to where the topic is described in the manual e A Knowledge Base button to access the full NETGEAR Inc online knowledge base for the product model e Links to PDF versions of the full manual and individual chapters 1 2 About This Manual 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dua
253. with DHCP in Windows NT 4 0 e Choose Settings from the Start Menu and then select Control Panel This will display Control Panel window Network 2 x Identification Services Protocols Adapters Bindings fl Windows uses the following information to identify your computer on the network You may change the name for s Double click the Network icon in the a this computer and the workgroup or domain that it will i appear in Control Panel window Computer Name oOCceERTNT i tS The Network panel will display Workgroup EMEDIA e Select the Protocols tab to continue OK Cancel Preparing Your Network C 13 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e Highlight the TCP IP Protocol in the Network Protocols box and click on the Properties button Network 27x Identification Services Protocols Adapters Bindings Network Protocols FTCPAP Protocol Add Remove Description Preparing Your Network 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports e The TCP IP Properties dialog box now displays e Click the IP Address tab e Select the radio button marked Obtain an IP address from a DHCP server e Click OK This completes the configuration of TCP IP in Win
254. work number 192 68 135 0 into two you shift one bit from the host address to the network address The new netmask or subnet mask is 255 255 255 128 The first subnet has network number 192 68 135 0 with hosts 192 68 135 1 to 129 68 135 126 and the second subnet has network number 192 68 135 128 with hosts 192 68 135 129 to 192 68 135 254 Note The number 192 68 135 127 is not assigned because it is the broadcast address gt of the first subnet The number 192 68 135 128 is not assigned because it is the network address of the second subnet The following table lists the additional subnet mask bits in dotted decimal notation To use the table write down the original class netmask and replace the 0 value octets with the dotted decimal value of the additional subnet bits For example to partition your Class C network with subnet mask 255 255 255 0 into 16 subnets 4 bits the new subnet mask becomes 255 255 255 240 Table 9 1 Netmask Notation Translation Table for One Octet Number of Bits Dotted Decimal Value 128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255 ON Oa fF UO N The following table displays several common netmask values in both the dotted decimal and the masklength formats Table 9 2 Netmask Formats Dotted Decimal Masklength 255 0 0 0 8 255 255 0 0 16 B 6 Network Routing Firewall and Basics 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit
255. ws the device to determine if a packet has been tampered with Furthermore packets that are not authenticated are discarded and not delivered to the intended receiver ESP also provides all encryption services in IPSec Encryption translates a readable message into an unreadable format to hide the message content The opposite process called decryption translates the message content from an unreadable format to a readable message Encryption decryption allows only the sender and the authorized receiver to read the data In addition ESP has an option to perform authentication called ESP authentication Using ESP authentication ESP provides authentication and integrity for the payload and not for the IP header Original Packet Packet with IPSec Encapsulating Security Payload ESP ESP ESP Encrypted Authenticated Figure 9 4 Original packet and packet with IPSec Encapsulated Security Payload Virtual Private Networking D 3 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports The ESP header is inserted into the packet between the IP header and any subsequent packet contents However because ESP encrypts the data the payload is changed ESP does not encrypt the ESP header nor does it encrypt the ESP authentication Authentication Header AH AH provides authentication and integrity which protect against data tampering using the same algorithms as ESP AH al
256. xBis UpTime want Up 223365 488536 0 24856844 502866347 0 Days 2 32 08 wanz up 402 o o 131052 0 ODays2 3208 Lan Up 380551 222308 0 494760415 24898751 0 Days 2 32 08 Poll interval 5 secs Figure 8 5 Router Status screen Set Interval Stop Router and Network Management 202 10085 01 March 2005 8 15 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports Table 8 1 Router Status Item Description System Name This is the Account Name that you entered in the Basic Settings page Firmware Version This is the current software the router is using This will change if you upgrade your router LAN Port Information These are the current settings for MAC address IP address DHCP role and Subnet Mask that you set in the LAN IP Setup page DHCP can be either Server or None WAN Port This indicates whether NAT is Enabled or Disabled It also displays the current Information settings for MAC address IP address DHCP role and Subnet Mask that you set in the Basic Settings page DHCP can be either Client or None Note The Router Status page displays current settings and statistics for your router As this information is read only any changes must be made on other pages Time Information Time information is found on the Schedules screen 8 16 Router and Network Management 202 10085 01 March
257. xchange Phase 2 les Manual kere Ds Other Connections I Enable Perfect Forward Secrecy PFS PFS Key Group Diffie Hellman Group 2 IV Enable Replay Detection Figure 7 20 Client Security Policy screen 7 18 Virtual Private Networking 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 17 In the left frame expand Authentication and select Proposal 1 Compare with the figure below No changes should be necessary secunty Policy Editor NETGEAR Prosafe VPNChent TST File Edit Options Help alexa tl NETGEAR S Network Security Policy EL My Connections m Authentication Method and Algorithms to_Fvx G My Identity Authentication Method iE Security Policy Ej S Authentication Phase 1 j Pre Shared Key a E E Key Exchange Phase 2 Encryption and Data Integrity Algorithms A Proposal 1 Ds Other Connections Encrypt Alg Triple DES z Hash lg SHa z Seconds SA Life Unspecified z Key Group Ditfie Helman Group 2 7 Figure 7 21 Client Authorization screen Virtual Private Networking 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports 18 In the left frame expand Key Exchange and select Proposal 1 Compare with the figure below No changes should be necessary N Security Policy Edito
258. you have a dynamic IP address b If you are going to use both WAN ports determine whether you are going to use them in rollover mode for increased system reliability or load balancing mode for maximum bandwidth efficiency See Chapter 3 Network Planning for more information Your decision has the following implications e Fully qualified domain name For rollover mode you are going to need a fully qualified domain name to implement features such as exposed hosts and virtual private networks For load balancing mode you may still need a fully qualified domain name either for convenience or if you have a dynamic IP address e Protocol binding For rollover mode protocol binding does not apply For load balancing mode you need to decide which protocols you want to bind to a specific WAN port if you are going to take advantage of this option you will make these selections in Step 4 Configure the WAN Mode Required for Dual WAN on page 4 15 Connecting the FVS124G to the Internet 4 1 202 10085 01 March 2005 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 25 with 4 Gigabit LAN and Dual WAN Ports You can also add your own service protocols to the list see Services Based Rules on page 6 4 for information on how to do this 2 Set up your accounts a Have active Internet services such as that provided by cable or DSL broadband accounts and locate the Internet Service Provider ISP configu

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