National Instruments PCI-232/4 User's Manual
Contents
1. Using PCI Serial with Linux 18 www natinst com Changed for the two port PCI SERIAL interface SETSERIAL dev ttyS4 uart 16550A port 0xdff0 irq 11 fourport SETSERIAL dev ttyS5 uart 16550A port 0xdfe0 irq 11 fourport Print the results of the serial configuration process echo done SETSERIAL bg dev cua dev cua2. 5 Assign Serial Driver 6 setserial Example 7 Assign Serial Drivers Using PCI 485 7 Assign Serial Drivers Using PCI Eight Port Interfaces 7 Enable PCI Interrupt 7 Configuration 8 View Your Hardware Resources 8 Enable FIFO Buffers 8 FIFO Example 9 Configure struct termios 9 Configure PCI 485 10 Select Transceiver Mode 10 rs485 Example 10 Lower Baud Rate Selection 10 Test the Setup 11 Using PCI Serial with Linux 2 ww
3. address gt irq lt irq gt fourport Error Code intenable Can t open dev mem Permission denied Solution The program requires superuser privileges Either exit and log in as root or enter the following linux su Password lt enter the root password gt linux intenable lt PCI memory gt National Instruments Corporation 13 Using PCI Serial with Linux Common Questions What do I do if intenable does not work immediately or causes a segmentation fault Enter the following to recompile interrupt_enable c and rerun intenable Also the source code for intenable is available for editing and viewing at interrupt_enable c provided in the PCI SERIAL directory linux PCI SERIAL gcc interrupt_enable c o intenable linux PCI SERIAL intenable lt PCI memory address found in lspci gt Error Code intenable ERROR Initial value of interrupt enable register not equal to 0xC0C Solution Make sure that you are providing the program with the correct memory address Enter the following to check for the memory address linux lspci v n d 1093 00 0a 0 Class ff00 1093 d150 rev 01 Flags medium devsel IRQ 11 Enter this address gt Memory at 000dff80 low 1M non prefetchable I O ports at dff0 I O ports at dfe0 I O ports at dfa8 I O ports at dfa0 linux intenable dff80 Error Code rs485 ERROR Couldn t write to dev ttyS lt port number gt s scratch register Solution Make sure the device was co
4. of the other seven I O ports are calculated by adding eight to the previous port address n 8 I O port for 0 lt n lt 8 The lspci call displays something similar to the following 00 0a 0 Class ff00 1093 d150 rev 01 Flags medium devsel IRQ 11 Memory at 000dff80 low 1M non prefetchable I O ports at df00 Assign Serial Driver Assign the serial driver to your devices Note You need to repeat this step each time you restart your computer or until you set up your etc rc d rc serial file Refer to the section Sample etc rc d rc serial File for more information on setting up the etc rc d rc serial file Enter the following to use setserial to tell the kernel each device s UART port address and IRQ Use information returned from the lspci output and remember to precede the port address with 0x linux setserial dev ttyS lt port number gt uart 16550A port lt port address gt irq lt irq gt fourport Note The fourport flag is required regardless of how many ports you have on your interface The fourport flag tells the serial driver that you are not using an AST four port interface Caution Using an invalid port can lock up your machine setserial Example Enter the following to assign the serial driver to your devices for the values in the above two port lscpi output linux setserial dev ttyS4 uart 16550A port 0xdff0 irq 11 fourport National Instruments Corporation 7 Using PCI Serial with L
5. 2 or dev ttyS3 as National Instruments serial ports Check for available serial devices by entering the following linux setserial gv dev ttyS dev ttyS0 UART 16550A Port 0x03f8 IRQ 4 dev ttyS1 UART unknown Port 0x02f8 IRQ 3 dev ttyS2 UART unknown Port 0x03e8 IRQ 4 dev ttyS3 UART unknown Port 0x02e8 IRQ 3 Devices labeled with UART unknown are available for use To designate the available device when using setserial enter the following linux setserial dev ttyS lt port number gt uart 16550a port 0x lt port address gt irq lt irq gt fourport Assign Driver Use these instructions to automatically assign the driver at startup using etc rc d rc serial You should not change the etc rc d rc serial file until you have your serial interfaces installed and configured If you add another device or interface to your computer and your lspci output changes make sure you also change etc rc d rc serial Depending on your Linux distribution you might not have an etc rc d directory In this case your rc serial would be located under etc rc serial If you do not have etc rc d replace the references to etc rc d with etc If you are using a Debian distribution replace the references to etc rc d rc serial with etc rc boot 0setserial Using PCI Serial with Linux 16 www natinst com For more information about using setserial refer to linux more usr doc setserial README 1 Enter
6. CI SERIAL linux PCI SERIAL ls FIFOtrigger intenable serialtest FIFOtrigger_pci c interrupt_enable c serialtest c Clock_speed c rs485 termios_program c clockspeed rs485 c Configure your BIOS to include a Plug and Play aware OS You need superuser privileges to do most of the steps and program segments in this document Using PCI Serial with Linux 4 www natinst com Quick Start This section is for experienced Linux users who are familiar with the lspci and setserial tools If you are not familiar with either of these tools or if you require a detailed explanation of the steps skip to the next section Setup 1 If you do not have enough available serial devices dev ttyS for each port on your multiport interface create a new serial device by entering the following linux cd dev linux dev MAKEDEV ttyS lt port number gt 2 Find the port address IRQ and memory assignment of your PCI serial interface by enter the following linux lspci v n d 1093 3 Assign the serial driver to your devices Make sure you precede the port addresses with 0x For a PCI 232 interface enter the following linux setserial dev ttyS lt port number gt uart 16550a port lt port address gt irq lt irq gt fourport For a PCI 485 interface which supports a higher baud_base of 460 8K at startup enter the following linux setserial dev ttyS lt port number gt uart 16550a port lt port addres
7. CI Serial with Linux 10 www natinst com Configure PCI 485 If you are using a PCI 485 interface you can select the transceiver mode for each device and select the lower baud rates listed in termios_program c provided in your PCI SERIAL directory Select Transceiver Mode Use the rs485 program from the PCI SERIAL directory to select the transceiver mode rs485 sets the transceiver mode for only one serial port To set the transceiver mode for other serial ports rerun rs485 with a different serial port number specified in the command line For more information on the transceiver control modes refer to your serial getting started manual If you do not know which transceiver mode to use choose Four Wire Mode Enter the following to use rs485 linux PCI SERIAL rs485 lt port number gt lt mode gt rs485 Example Enter the following to select Four Wire Mode for dev ttyS5 linux PCI SERIAL rs485 5 0 Lower Baud Rate Selection To use a baud rate lower than 200 use setserial and the clockspeed program from the PCI SERIAL directory to lower the baud base of a single serial port from 460800 to 115200 After changing the baud base to 115200 the max baud rate you can achieve is 115200 baud until you change the baud base back to 460800 After you change the baud_base of the serial port using setserial and run the clockspeed program you can use the lower baud rate flags in your programs The clockspeed program changes the
8. baud base of only Table 3 Transceiver Mode Values Transceiver Mode Mode Four Wire Mode 0 Two Wire Mode DTR with echo 1 Two Wire Mode DTR controlled 2 Two Wire Mode TXRDY auto control 3 National Instruments Corporation 11 Using PCI Serial with Linux one serial port To change the baud base of your other serial ports rerun clockspeed with a different serial port number specified in the command line Enter the following to set the baud base In this example high equals a baud base of 460800 and low equals a baud base of 115200 linux setserial dev ttyS lt port number gt baud_base 115200 linux PCI SERIAL clockspeed lt port number gt lt high or low gt For example enter the following to select a baud base of 115200 for dev ttyS4 and for dev ttyS5 linux setserial dev ttyS4 baud_base 115200 linux setserial dev ttyS5 baud_base 115200 linux PCI SERIAL clockspeed 4 low linux PCI SERIAL clockspeed 5 low Enter the following to change the baud base back to 460800 for dev ttyS4 and for dev ttyS5 linux setserial dev ttyS4 baud_base 460800 linux setserial dev ttyS5 baud_base 460800 linux PCI SERIAL clockspeed 4 high linux PCI SERIAL clockspeed 5 high Test the Setup After you connect the cables to the port as shown in your PCI serial getting started manual run the serialtest program from the PCI SERIAL directory to verify your setup Make sure you specify two different
9. g Linux kernel version 2 2 3 or later The product has been thoroughly tested with kernel version 2 2 3 however the product might work with earlier kernel versions If you do not have kernel version 2 2 3 or later or if you do not have the following options already compiled into your kernel you need to recompile you kernel Include the following options when you configure and recompile the kernel using make menuconfig National Instruments Corporation 3 Using PCI Serial with Linux a General Setup PCI Support PCI Quirks Backward compatible proc pci b Character Devices Standard generic dumb serial support Extended dumb serial driver options Support more than four serial ports Support for sharing serial interrupts setserial 2 14 or later To find the version of setserial enter the following linux setserial V PCI Utilities 1 10 or later You can download PCI Utilities 1 10 from ftp metalab unc edu pub Linux hardware PCI SERIAL tar gz You can download this file from the National Instruments FTP site at ftp ftp natinst com support ind_comm serial linux After you have the file extract and unzip it by entering the following linux tar zxvf PCI SERIAL tar gz The tar command extracts and unzips PCI SERIAL tar gz and creates the sub directory PCI SERIAL Enter the following to make sure all necessary files are included linux cd P
10. he PCI SERIAL directory Run intenable each time you restart your computer If you have more than one PCI serial interface rerun intenable with another PCI memory address specified in the command line Enter the following to use intenable Using PCI Serial with Linux 8 www natinst com linux PCI SERIAL intenable lt PCI memory address found in lspci gt For example enter the following to enable interrupts for a PCI serial interface with memory at 0x000dff80 linux PCI SERIAL intenable dff80 Configuration View Your Hardware Resources To see what system resources your serial interface is using use the setserial command as follows linux setserial gv dev ttyS lt port number gt For the lspci and setserial examples something similar to the following should appear dev ttyS0 UART 16550A Port 0x03f8 IRQ 4 dev ttyS1 UART unknown Port 0x02f8 IRQ 3 dev ttyS2 UART unknown Port 0x03e8 IRQ 4 dev ttyS3 UART unknown Port 0x02e8 IRQ 3 dev ttyS4 UART 16550A Port 0xdff0 IRQ 11 dev ttyS5 UART 16550A Port 0xdfe0 IRQ 11 Enable FIFO Buffers Use FIFOtrigger from the PCI SERIAL directory to enable the receive and transmit FIFOs and to set the trigger levels of these FIFOs FIFOtrigger enables the FIFO of only one serial port To enable the FIFO for your other serial ports rerun FIFOtrigger with a different serial port number specified in the command line Enter the following to use FIFO
11. inux linux setserial dev ttyS5 uart 16550A port 0xdfe0 irq 11 fourport Assign Serial Drivers Using PCI 485 Since the PCI 485 supports a higher baud_base of 460 8K at start up also enter the following at the linux prompt linux setserial dev ttyS lt port number gt baud_base 460800 For example enter the following to assign the serial driver to dev ttyS4 for a PCI 485 serial port at port address 0xdfe0 and IRQ 11 linux setserial dev ttyS4 uart 16550A port 0xdfe0 irq 11 fourport linux setserial dev ttyS4 baud_base 460800 Assign Serial Drivers Using PCI Eight Port Interfaces Enter the following to assign the serial driver to your devices for the PCI eight port lspci output Notice that the entries for port are consecutive and are separated by exactly 8 bytes linux setserial dev ttyS4 uart 16550A port 0xdf00 irq 11 fourport linux setserial dev ttyS5 uart 16550A port 0xdf08 irq 11 fourport linux setserial dev ttyS6 uart 16550A port 0xdf10 irq 11 fourport linux setserial dev ttyS7 uart 16550A port 0xdf18 irq 11 fourport linux setserial dev ttyS8 uart 16550A port 0xdf20 irq 11 fourport linux setserial dev ttyS9 uart 16550A port 0xdf28 irq 11 fourport linux setserial dev ttyS10 uart 16550A port 0xdf30 irq 11 fourport linux setserial dev ttyS11 uart 16550A port 0xdf38 irq 11 fourport Enable PCI Interrupt To enable the PCI interrupt on your serial interface use intenable provided in t
12. natinst com National Instruments and NI Serial are trademarks of National Instruments Corporation Product and company names mentioned herein are trademarks or trade names of their respective companies 322539A 01 Copyright 1999 National Instruments Corp All rights reserved August 1999 NOTE TO USERS USING PCI SERIAL WITH LINUX This document contains instructions to help you install and configure the National Instruments serial hardware for Linux This document includes information about the PCI 232 2 PCI 232 4 PCI 232 8 PCI 485 2 PCI 485 4 PCI 485 8 PCI 232 2 Isolated PCI 232 4 Isolated PCI 485 2 Isolated and PCI 485 4 Isolated interfaces This document assumes that you are already familiar with Linux Contents Related Documentation 2 Contributions 2 Gather What You Need to Get Started 2 Quick Start 4 Setup 5 Create Devices 5 MAKEDEV Example 5 Find Interface Information
13. nfigured correctly in setserial Enter the following linux setserial gv dev ttyS lt port number gt dev ttyS4 UART 16550A Port 0xdff0 IRQ 11 If the port listing does not match the one found by lspci reconfigure the device by entering the following linux setserial dev ttyS lt port number gt uart 16550a port lt port gt irq lt irq gt fourport Using PCI Serial with Linux 14 www natinst com What do I do if FIFOtrigger does not work immediately or causes a segmentation fault Enter the following to recompile FIFOtrigger_pci c and rerun FIFOtrigger Also the source code for FIFOtrigger is available for editing and viewing at FIFOtrigger_pci c provided in the PCI SERIAL directory linux PCI SERIAL gcc O FIFOtrigger_pci c o FIFOtrigger linux PCI SERIAL FIFOtrigger lt port number gt lt rx_trigger gt lt tx_trigger gt What do I do if rs485 does not work immediately Enter the following to recompile rs485 c Also the source code for rs485 is available for editing and viewing at rs385 c provided in the PCI SERIAL directory linux PCI SERIAL gcc O rs485 c o rs485 What do I do if clockspeed does not work immediately or if it causes a segmentation fault Enter the following to recompile clock_speed c and rerun clockspeed Also the source code for clockspeed is available for editing and viewing at clock_speed c provided in the PCI SERIAL directory linux PCI SERIAL gcc O clock_speed c o cl
14. ntering the following linux cd dev linux dev MAKEDEV ttyS lt port number gt MAKEDEV Example Enter the following to make the devices for a two port interface linux cd dev linux dev MAKEDEV ttyS4 linux dev MAKEDEV ttyS5 Find Interface Information Follow these instructions to find the port address IRQ and memory assignment of your PCI serial interface Note Repeat this section each time you add another interface or physical device to the computer Note This step may be done in normal user mode 1 Use lspci a command that displays information about the PCI bus with the v option be verbose the n option show PCI vendor and device codes as numbers and the d 1093 option display information only on devices with a National Instruments Vendor ID of 1093 to find the resource information of your serial interface linux lspci v n d 1093 Something similar to the following should appear In this output the IRQ is 11 the memory location is 0xdff80 and the port addresses are 0xdff0 and 0xdfe0 Using PCI Serial with Linux 6 www natinst com 00 0a 0 Class ff00 1093 d140 rev 01 Flags medium devsel IRQ 11 Memory at 000dff80 low 1M non prefetchable I O ports at dff0 I O ports at dfe0 Write down the IRQ memory location and all the I O port addresses for your computer Note PCI Eight Port Users The PCI eight port interfaces show only one I O port address listing The addresses
15. ockspeed linux PCI SERIAL clockspeed lt port number gt lt high low gt What do I do if serialtest does not work immediately or if it causes a segmentation fault Enter the following to recompile serialtest c and rerun serialtest Also the source code for serialtest is available for editing and viewing at serialtest c provided in the PCI SERIAL directory linux PCI SERIAL gcc serialtest c o serialtest linux PCI SERIAL serialtest lt receive port number gt lt transmit port number gt What do I do if serialtest hangs Make sure the interface is seated correctly and tighten the screw that holds the interface in place Also make sure the cables are attached to the correct ports In some cases serialtest hangs if the transceiver modes PCI 485 are not set Try setting both transmit and receive ports to transceiver mode 0 Four Wire Mode National Instruments Corporation 15 Using PCI Serial with Linux linux rs485 lt transmit port number gt 0 linux rs485 lt receive port number gt 0 linux serialtest lt receive port number gt lt transmit port number gt What do I do if my ports are not communicating correctly and print strange characters Make sure the baud rate character size clock speed if PCI 485 and parity are the same for both the receiver and transmitter Also make sure the transceiver modes PCI 485 have been selected for both transceivers How can I use dev ttyS0 dev ttyS1 dev ttyS
16. ports for the serialtest program as shown in the following linux PCI SERIAL serialtest lt receive port number gt lt transmit port number gt If the test is successful it displays a SUCCESS message If the test hangs press lt ctrl c gt to exit the program and continue to the next section Troubleshooting and Common Questions To test dev ttyS4 and dev ttyS5 connect a cable between the two ports and enter the following linux PCI SERIAL serialtest 4 5 Using PCI Serial with Linux 12 www natinst com Troubleshooting and Common Questions Error Codes This section lists possible error codes and solutions Error Code dev ttyS lt port number gt no such file or directory Solution The dev ttyS lt port number gt does not exist in the dev directory Enter the following to create the device linux cd dev linux dev MAKEDEV ttyS lt port number gt Error Code Couldn t change i o privilege level Operation not permitted Solution The program requires superuser privileges Either exit and log in as root or enter the following linux su Password lt enter the root password gt linux lt run the program gt Error Code setserial Cannot set serial info Address already in use Solution Make sure you are entering the correct port address into setserial Also make sure you are entering 0x if you are specifying a hex number linux setserial dev ttyS lt port number gt uart 16550a port 0x lt port
17. rport Refer to the section Sample etc rc d rc serial File for an example configured according to the lspci example above 2 Enter the following linux pico etc rc d rc National Instruments Corporation 17 Using PCI Serial with Linux 3 Add the following segment to the end of the file not necessary for Debian distribution if f etc rc d rc serial then sh etc rc d rc serial fi Sample etc rc d rc serial File etc rc d rc serial Initializes the serial ports on your system Distributed with setserial version 2 14 Standard flags you want your serial devices to have Examples SAK pgrp_lockout session_lockout STD_FLAGS session_lockout SETSERIAL bin setserial echo n Configuring serial ports Do wild interrupt detection SETSERIAL W dev cua0 AUTOMATIC CONFIGURATION Do AUTOMATIC_IRQ probing AUTO_IRQ auto_irq These are the standard COM1 through COM4 devices SETSERIAL dev cua0 AUTO_IRQ skip_test autoconfig STD_FLAGS SETSERIAL dev cua1 AUTO_IRQ skip_test autoconfig STD_FLAGS SETSERIAL dev cua2 AUTO_IRQ skip_test autoconfig STD_FLAGS SETSERIAL dev cua3 AUTO_IRQ autoconfig STD_FLAGS MANUAL CONFIGURATION
18. s gt irq lt irq gt baud_base 460800 fourport 4 Enable the PCI interrupt on your interface To use intenable from the PCI SERIAL directory to enable interrupts on your PCI serial interface enter the following linux PCI SERIAL intenable lt pci memory address found in lspci gt 5 If you have a PCI 485 interface set the transceiver mode for each serial port Refer to the section Select Transceiver Mode for more information about selecting a PCI 485 transceiver mode 6 After you connect a cable between the two ports test the setup by running serialtest from the PCI SERIAL directory linux serialtest lt receive port number gt lt transmit port number gt National Instruments Corporation 5 Using PCI Serial with Linux Setup After you install the serial hardware as shown in your PCI serial getting started manual follow these steps to set up the interface Create Devices Create a device for each port on your multiport interface You only need to do this step once Port address is the I O address of the device and port number is the device serial port number of the port Port number is used in the following context ttyS lt port number gt Since serial ports built into your computer are typically named from dev ttyS0 to dev ttyS3 the port number you choose needs to be four or greater Enter the dev directory then use the MAKEDEV script to create a device for each serial port on the interface by e
19. the following linux cp usr doc setserial rc serial etc rc d linux pico etc rc d rc serial a Make sure that SETSERIAL points to the correct location Check your bin and sbin directories and change the SETSERIAL line to say either SETSERIAL bin setserial or SETSERIAL sbin setserial b Under AUTOMATIC CONFIGURATION leave the following lines uncommented and delete or comment out by adding a to the beginning of the line all the other lines in the section Depending on your version of setserial ttyS might replace cua AUTO_IRQ auto_irq SETSERIAL dev cua0 AUTO_IRQ skip_test autoconfig STD_FLAGS SETSERIAL dev cua1 AUTO_IRQ skip_test autoconfig STD_FLAGS SETSERIAL dev cua2 AUTO_IRQ skip_test autoconfig STD_FLAGS SETSERIAL dev cua3 AUTO_IRQ autoconfig STD_FLAGS c Under MANUAL CONFIGURATION comment out or delete everything but the following lines Change the lines concerning dev cua4 dev cua 4 n where n is the number of ports on the PCI serial interface to the following These are the first set of AST Fourport ports SETSERIAL dev ttyS4 uart 16550A port lt port address gt irq lt irq gt fourport SETSERIAL dev ttyS5 uart 16550A port lt port address gt irq lt irq gt fourport SETSERIAL dev ttyS6 uart 16550A port lt port address gt irq lt irq gt fourport SETSERIAL dev ttyS7 uart 16550A port lt port address gt irq lt irq gt fou
20. trigger linux PCI SERIAL FIFOtrigger lt port number gt lt rx_trigger gt lt tx_trigger gt National Instruments Corporation 9 Using PCI Serial with Linux The hardware issues a transmit empty interrupt when the number of characters in the transmit FIFO falls below the trigger level Also the hardware issues a receive full interrupt when the number of characters in the receive FIFO rises above the trigger level For more information on FIFO buffers refer to your PCI serial getting started manual FIFO Example Enter the following to set the receive FIFO trigger level to 56 and the transmit trigger level to 32 for dev ttyS5 linux PCI SERIAL FIFOtrigger 5 0x80 0x20 Configure struct termios Every serial port has an associated struct termios By using this struct termios in a program you can set the baud rate character size number of data bits parity control characters flow control and input and output mode For more information about the termios structure refer to the termios man page To view the termios man page enter the following linux man termios To configure your serial port use a program segment similar to the termios_program c in your PCI SERIAL directory Table 1 tx_trigger Values Transmit FIFO Trigger Level tx_trigger 8 0x00 16 0x10 32 0x20 56 0x30 Table 2 rx_trigger Values Receive FIFO Trigger Level rx_trigger 8 0x00 16 0x40 56 0x80 60 0xC0 Using P
21. w natinst com Troubleshooting and Common Questions 12 Error Codes 12 Common Questions 13 Assign Driver 15 Sample etc rc d rc serial File 17 Related Documentation The following documents contain information that you might find helpful as you read this document Linux Serial Programming HOWTO by Peter Baumann You can find the latest version of this document at the following locations ftp metalab unc edu pub Linux docs HOWTO Serial P rogramming HOWTO http metalab unc edu LDP HOWTO Serial Programming HOWTO html Linux Serial HOWTO by David Lawyer You can find the latest version of this document at the following locations ftp metalab unc edu pub Linux docs HOWTO Serial H OWTO http metalab unc edu LDP HOWTO Serial HOWTO html Contributions Thanks to Vern Howie for providing suggestions and examples from his serial suite Also thanks to David Lawyer Greg Hankins and Peter Baumann for providing so much information in their HOWTOs Gather What You Need to Get Started Before you install your PCI serial interface for Linux make sure you have the followin
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