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Maxtor DIAMONDMAX VL20 User's Manual

1. TIMING PARAMETERS MODE 0 MODE 1 MODE 2 MODE 3 MODE 4 0 Cycle Time min 600 ns 383 ns 240 ns 180 ns 120 ns 1 Address valid to DIOR DIOW setup min 70 ns 50 ns 30 ns 30 ns 25 ns 2 DIOR DIOW 16 bit min 165 ns 125 ns 100 ns 80 ns 70 ns 2i DIOR DIOW recovery time min 70 ns 25 ns DIOW data setup min 60 ns 45 ns 30 ns 30 ns 20 ns DIOW data hold min 30 ns 20 ns 15 ns 10 ns 10 ns DIOR data setup min 50 ns 35 ns 20 ns 20 ns 20 ns 6 DIOW data hold min 5 ns 5 ns 5 ns 5 ns 5 ns 6Z DIOR data tristate max 30 ns 30 ns 30 ns 30 ns 30 ns 9 DIOR DIOW to address valid hold min 20 ns 15 ns 10 ns 10 ns 10 ns Rd Read Data Valid to IORDY active min 0 0 0 0 0 ORDY Setup Time 35 ns 35 ns 35 ns 35 ns 35 ns B ORDY Pulse Width max 1250 ns 1250 ns 1250 ns 1250 ns 1250 ns Le td gt ADDR valid L t1 t2 e t9 DI gt DIOR DIOW WRITE DD fo 15 0 t3 t4 READ DD 15 0 7 een Ip A t6 t6z IORDY k tA IORDY tRD IORDY tB Figure 5 2 PIO Data Transfer To From Device AT INTER FACE DESCRIPTION DMA Timing TIMING PARAMETERS MODE 0 MODE 1 MODE 2 0 Cycle Time min 480 ns 150 ns 120 ns C DMACK to DMARQ delay D DIOR DIO
2. host gt STOP host t d HDMARDY P PR host tzan tziorDY l DSTROBE ee Eege O device ne _ tov K A A X Py L A lS N 7 J K DD 15 0 X XADE ADEE tack DAO DA1 DA2 CS0 CS1 Figure 5 4 Initiating an Ultra DMA Data In Burst AT INTER FACE DESCRIPTION DSTROBE at device DD 15 0 at device DSTROBE at host DD 15 0 at host Figure 5 5 Sustained Ultra DMA Data In Burst DMARQ device DMACK host STOP S L See hosi be tsr HDMARDY host b tres DSTROBE device DD 15 0 device JE DOOOOKOKE EE Figure 5 6 Host Pausing an Ultra DMA Data In Burst AT INTERFACE DESCRIPTION DMARQ device wu cc DMACK N host H tu tu gt H tack STOP host tu H tack HDMARDY Cs host tss gt tiorpyz DSTROBE device H Gan taz tovs tov DD 15 0 PE SEXES tack DAO DA1 DA2 CS0 CS1 Figure 5 7 Device Terminating an Ultra DMA Data In Burst DMARQ device DMACK host STOP host HDMARDY host hopp DSTROBE device tovs oun RA ER A E A of A EE 2 DD 15 0 CRG 2 tack DAO DA1 DA2 CS0 CS1 Figure 5 8 Host Terminating an Ultra DMA Data In Burst AT INTER FACE DESCRIPTION DMARQ device tu DMACK f host Lon tu Du gt DDMARDY device HSTROBE
3. Formatted Capacity MB LBA Mode 20 490 15 367 10 245 gigabyte as 10 or one billion bytes Maxtor defines one megabyte as 10 or one million bytes and one Drive Configuration MODEL 92041U4 91531U3 91021U2 ntegrated Controller Interface ATA 5 Ultra DMA Encoding Method E PR4 RLL 16 17 nterleave 1 1 Servo System Embedded Buffer Size Type 512 KB SDRA Data Zones per Surface 16 Data Surfaces Heads 4 3 2 Number of Disks 2 2 1 Areal Density 7 200 Mb in Track Density 19 700 tpi Recording Density 298 354 kbpi Flux Density 317 377 kfci Bytes per Sector Block 512 Sectors per Track 336 624 Sectors per Drive 40 020 624 30 015 216 20 010 816 Performance Specifications MODEL 9204104 91531U3 91021U2 Seek Times typical Track to Track 1 0 ms Average 9 5 ms Maximum lt 20 0 ms Average Latency 5 55 ms Rotational Speed 0 1 5 400 RPM Controller Overhead lt 0 3 ms Data Transfer Rate To From Interface UltraDMA M4 up to 66 7 MB sec To From Interface PIO 4 Multi word DMA M4 up to 16 7 MB sec To From Media up to 36 9 MB sec Start Time 0 to Drive Ready 73 sec typical PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS Physical Dimensions PARAMETER STANDARD METRIC Height 1 02 inches 25 9 millimeters
4. interface The data transmitters data receivers logic and wiring that link one piece of computer equipment to another such as a disk drive to a controller or a controller to a system bus interface standard The interface specifications agreed to by various manufacturers to promote industry wide interchangeability of products such as a disk drive Interface standards generally reduce product costs allows buyers to purchase from more than one source and allow faster market acceptance of new products interleave An ordering of physical sectors to be skipped between logical sectors on your hard disk UO processor Intelligent processor or controller that handles the input output operations of a computer interrupt A signal usually from a subsystem to a central processing unit to signify that an operation has been completed or cannot be completed J jumper A small piece of plastic that slides over pairs of pins that protrude from the circuit board on the hard drive to make an electrical connection and activate a specific option kilobyte KB A unit of measure of approximately 1 000 bytes However because computer memory is partitioned into sizes that are a power of two a kilobyte is really 1 024 bytes landing zone or Lzone The cylinder number location to where the read write head s move upon power down late bit A bit that is in the late half of the data window late window A data w
5. host DD 15 0 host tack DAO DA1 DA2 CSO0 CS1 Figure 5 9 Initiating an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst HSTROBE at host DD 15 0 at host HSTROBE at device DD 15 0 at device KEKE KIRAI ED COLOR Figure 5 10 Sustained Ultra DMA Data Out Burst AT INTERFACE DESCRIPTION DMARQ device Re ee DMACK host STOP host DDMARDY N device WM tres HSTROBE host gn XXX XXXXXXX__XXXXXXX Figure 5 11 Device Pausing an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst DMARQ device DMACK host STOP host tu tiorpyz DDMARDY device DD 15 0 host H tack DAO DA1 DA2 CS0 CS1 Figure 5 12 Host Terminating an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst AT INTER FACE DESCRIPTION DMARQ device DMACK host N STOP host DDMARDY device tu twit H tack hopp HSTROBE host DD 15 0 host M tack DAO DA1 DA2 CS0 CS1 Figure 5 13 Device Terminating an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst SECTION 6 Host Software Interface The host communicates with the drive through a set of controller registers accessed via the host s I O ports These registers divide into two groups the Task File used for passing commands and command parameters and the Control Diagnostic registers Task File Registers The Tax File consists of eight registers used to control fixed d
6. 80 82 Master and slave drives failed 81 Slave drive failed N ote If a slave drive fails diagnostics the master drive O R s 80h with its own status and loads that code into the E rror register If a slave drive passes diagnostics or a slave is absent the master drive O R s 00 with its own status and loads that code into the E rror register INTER FACECOMMANDS S M A R T Command Set Execute S M A R T The Self M onitoring Analysis and R eporting Technology S M A R T command has been implemented to improve the data integrity and data availability of hard disk drives In some cases aS M A R T capable device will predict an impending failure with sufficient time to allow users to backup their data and replace the drive before data loss or loss of service The S M A R T sub commands listed below comprise the ATA SMART feature set that provide access to SM A R T attribute values attribute thresholds and other logging and reporting information Prior to writing a S M A R T command to the device s command register key values must be written by the host into the device s Cylinder Low and Cylinder High registers or the command will be aborted For any SMART sub command if a device register is not specified as being written with a value by the host then the value in that register is undefined and will be ignored by the device The key values are Key Register 4Fh Cylinder Low 1F4h C2h Cylinder High LF5h The
7. Length 5 78 inches 146 6 millimeters Width 4 00 inches 102 1 millimeters Weight 1 3 pounds 0 59 kilograms 1028 max i 25 9 mm 6 x 6 32 UNC Tap 1638 005 4 x 6 32 1122 02 Ge 25 01 4161 mm 28 4 mm 4 000 01 10L6 mm 5 787 max 146 6 mm 175 02 1625 02 Figure 3 1 Outline and Mounting Dimensions 4 00 01 102 1 mm 3 75 01 95 25 mm PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS Power Requirements MODE 12V 10 5V 5 POWER Spin up peak 2100 mA 660 mA Seek avg 740 MA 455 mA 11 1 W Read Write avg 295 mA 465 mA 6 2 W Idle avg 230 mA 430 mA 4 9 W Standby avg 20 mA 220 mA 1 3 W Sleep avg 20 mA 155 mA 0 9 W Power Mode Definitions Spin up The drive is spinning up following initial application of power and has not yet reached full speed Seek A random access operation by the disk drive Read Write Data is being read from or written to the drive Idle The drive is spinning the actuator is parked and powered off and all other circuitry is powered on The drive is capable of responding to read commands within 40 ms Standby The spin motor is not spinning The drive will leave this mode upon receipt of a command that requires disk access The time out value for this mode is programmable The buffer is active to accept write data Sleep This is the lowest power state
8. WWW WWW WwW WW D 4 ww ww ww D wo D 4 D 4 UW 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 U mn Om Om B amp B HB HHH HB HRW WW GI 4 D 4 D 4 D FA PF PP ZE Fb E P P E E bb E E E E Zb Zb E Es i A i tne Ca um um um E E RRR BRR WWNPP PB DIAMONDMAX VL 20PRODUCT MANUAL Ultra Direct Memory Access UDMA OS R equirements for Large Capacity Hard Drives Hard Drive Identification Identifying IDE Devices on the Interface Jumper Settings Systems U sing Cable Select Relationship to Other IDE Devices M ounting Drive in System Attaching Interface and Power Cables Attaching System C ables System Setup Setting the BIOS CMOS BIOS CMOS Parameters Hard Drive Preparation System H angs During Boot 1 COM OO JJ N On On On On On ww E Fb E E P E RRR E E E RHR Ze Gen Ces i on KA oO KA N Section 5 AT Interface Description Interface Connector Pin Description Summary Pin Description Table PIO Timing DMA Timing Ultra DMA Timing Parameters Section 6 Host Software Interface Task File R egisters Data R egister Error R egiger Features R egister Sector Count R egister Sector N umber R egister Cylinder N umber R egisters Device H ead R egister Status R egister Command R egister R ead Commands W rite Commands Mode Set C heck Commands Power Mode Commands Initialization Commande Seek Format and Diagnostic Commands S M A R T Commands Summary Control Diagnostic R egisters Alternate Status R egister On On On On On Om Om On On Om O
9. ON During the system start up sequence run the SETUP BIOS program or similar commands to access the system BIOS Note Newer systems will typically display a message e g press DEL to Enter Setup identifying how to access the SETUP BIOS program B Once the SETUP BIOS program is active do one of the following to set the BIOS parameters for the M axtor hard drive 1 Enter the BIOS menu where the hard drive settings are displayed select the correct entry Primary M aster Primary Slave Secondary Master or Secondary Slave or their equivalents to set the parameters for the M axtor hard drive If the SETUP program provides an AUTO DETECT capability use this feature to detect the M axtor hard drive If the SETUP program does not have AUTO DETECT set the drive parameters as defined in step 2 Typically this feature is available for each individual IDE device It may be necessary to exit the BIOS re boot the system and re enter the BIOS before the AUTO DETECT operation will take effect IMPORTANT After the SETUP program has detected the hard drive verify that the Logical Block Addressing LBA mode is enabled for the drive as not all BIOS versions set this feature during the AUTO DETECT process Comment W hen LBA is enabled some BIOS programs typically Award will change the values of the cylinders and heads by dividing the cylinders by 2 4 8 or 16 and multiplying the heads by the same value This operation will not change the capa
10. PDIAG 35 DAO 36 DA2 37 CSO 38 CS1 39 DASP 40 Ground AT INTER FACE DESCRIPTION Pin Description Table PIN NAME PIN I O SIGNAL NAME SIGNAL DESCRIPTION RESET 01 Host Reset Reset signal from the host system Active during power up and inactive after DDO 17 O Host Data Bus 16 bit bi directional data bus between host and drive Lower 8 bits used for register and ECC byte transfers All 16 bits used for data transfers DD1 15 O DD2 13 O DD3 11 O DD4 09 O DD5 07 O DD6 05 O DD7 03 O DD8 04 O DD9 06 O DD10 08 O DD11 10 O DD12 2 O DD13 14 O DD14 16 O DD15 18 O DMARQ 21 O DMA Request This signal is used with DMACK for DMA transfers By asserting this signal the drive indicates that data is ready to be transfered to and from the host DIOW 23 Host I O Write Rising edge of Write strobe clocks data from the host data bus to a register on the STOP drive DIOR 25 Host I O Read Read strobe enables data from a register on the drive onto the host data bus HDMARDY DMA ready during UltraDMA data in bursts Data strobe during UltraDMA data out bursts HSTROBE IORDY 27 O I O Channel Ready This signal may be driven low by the drive to insert wait states into host I O cycles DDMARDY DMA ready during UltraDM
11. S M A R T sub commands use a single command code BOh and are differentiated from one another by the value placed in the Features register In order to issue a command the host must write the sub command specific code to the device s Features register before writing the command code to the command register The sub commands and their respective codes are DOh S M A R T Read Attribute Value This feature retums 512 bytes of attribute information to the host Dih S M A R T Read Attribute Thresholds This feature returns 512 bytes of warranty failure thresholds to the host D2h Enable Disable Autosave To enable this feature set the sector count register to F1h enable or O disable Attribute values are automatically saved to non volatile storage on the device after five minutes of idle time and before entering idle sleep or standby modes This feature is defaulted to enabled when S M A R T is enabled via the S M A R T Enable Operations commands The autosave feature will not impact host system performance and does not need to be disabled D3h S M A R T Save Attribute Value This feature saves the current attribute values to non volatile storage D4h Perform Off Line Data Collection Data is collected from random seeks timed pattern seek times and head margin tests D8h Enable S M A R T D9h Disable S M A R T DAh S M A R T Return Status This feature allows the host to assess the status of a S M A R T capable device by com
12. capacity of drives larger than 8 4 GB The Windows 95 full installation not an upgrade from DOS operating system or equivalent is required to obtain the full capacity of any drive larger than 8 4 GB If the system or interface card correctly supports the M axtor hard drive the drive may be partitioned and formatted using the operating system software If the cylinder limitation jumper 46 is installed or the BIOS does not support the hard drive the M axBlast installation software option B below must be used to prepare the hard drive NOTE All versions of DOS PC DOS DR DOS and Windows 95A FAT 16 support have a partition size limitation of 2 1 GB For drives larger than 2 1 GB the drive must be divided into partitions that do not exceed the 2 1 GB limitation Windows 95B OSR2 does not have this limitation Windows NT 0S2 UNIX LINUX and Novell NetW are may have different limitations but please refer to their documentation or contact the manufacturer to verify their support or limitations For detailed operating system installation assistance refer to the manufacturer directly B Preparing the hard drive using M axBlast installation software system manufacturers user s manual the operating system user s manual or contact the 1 Boot the system with the bootable M axBlast software installation diskette 2 The MaxBlast installation software will load and the first screen of the program will display Follow the on sc
13. drives disk transfer rate The rate that digital data is transferred from one point to another Expressed in either bits second or bytes second double frequency encoding Another name for FM encoding This is because all possible data combinations will result in only two possible temporal displacements of adjacent data bits specifically 1F and 2F early window A data window that has been intentionally shifted in time in an early direction embedded servo A servo technique used for track following Position information is prerecorded between data areas in a track so that a data head and proper additional circuitry can determine the data head location with respect to the center position of the track or cylinder in question erase A process by which a signal recorded on a medium is removed and the medium made ready for rerecording GLOSSARY error correction code ECC A mathematical algorithm that can detect and correct errors in a data field This is accomplished with the aid of Check Bits added to the raw data errorfree A recording surface that has no defects errorrate The number of errors type must be specified that occur in a specified number of bits read error recovery procedure The process that occurs in response to a data error In a drive without ECC this would include re calibration and re seeking to the specified track and rereading the specified data extra pulse Term used in
14. error The R ead Long command is limited to angle sector requests Read Verify Sector s Identical to the R ead Sector s command except that d DRQ is never set 2 No data is transferred back to the host and 3 The long bit is not valid INTER FACECOMMANDS Read DMA Multi word DMA Identical to the R ead Sector s command except that 1 The host initializes a dave DMA channel prior to issuing the command 2 Data transfers are qualified by DMARQ and are performed by the dave DMA channel and 3 The drive issues only one interrupt per command to indicate that data transfer has terminated and status is available Ultra DMA With the Ultra DMA Read protocol the control signal DSTR OBE that latches data from D D 15 0 is generated by the devices which drives the data onto the bus Ownership of DD 15 0 and this data strobe signal are given DSTR OBE to the drive during an Ultra DMA data in burst During an Ultra DMA R ead burst the drive always moves data onto the bus and after a sufficient time to allow for propagation delay cable settling and setup time the sender shall generate a DSTROBE edge to latch the data Both edges of DSTROBE are used for data transfers Any unrecoverable error encountered during execution of a Read DMA command terminates data transfer after the transfer of all sectors prior to the sector where the error was detected The sector in error is not transferred The drive generates an interrupt to ind
15. level commercial systems and consumer electronics applications where disk storage value is paramount Available in capacities up to 20 GB the VL series provides the proven quality and reliability of the original DiamondM ax products and includes an UltraDMA 66 interface 512 KB buffer and 9 5 ms seek performance DiamondMax VL 20 Key Features ANSI ATA 5 compliant PIO M ode 4 interface Enhaned IDE Supports Ultra DMA Mode 4 for up to 66 7 MB sec data transfers 512 KB buffer with multi adaptive cache manager 5 400 RPM spin speed 9 5 ms seek time Zone density and D less rearding Outstanding shock resistane at 250 Gs High durability with 50K contact start stop ode Advanced multi burst on the fly Error Correction C ode EC C Extended data integrity with ECC protected data and fault tolerant servo synchronization fields Supports EPA Energy Star Standards G reen PC Friendly with ATA powering savings caammands Auto park and lock actuator mechanism Low power consumption SMART Capability N ote M axtor defines one megabyte as 10 or one million bytes and one gigabyte as 10 or one billion bytes PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Product Features Functional Interface M axtor DiamondM ax VL 20 hard drives contain all necessary mechanical and electronic parts to interpret control signals and commands from an AT compatible host computer See Section 3 Product Specifications for complete drive specifications Zone Density Recording The di
16. mini tower full tower and other special configurations As a result there are many different possible mounting locations that could be used In a typical system case there are specific 3 5 inch and 5 25 inch bays available for storage devices W hen a 3 5 inch mounting bay is available mounting brackets are not required If a 5 25 inch mounting bay is used mounting brackets will be required to mount the M axtor hard drive in the system case Refer to the system manufacturers user s manual or contact the system manufacturer directly for additional information Installing 5 25 inch Mounting Brackets and Rails If the M axtor hard drive is being mounted in a 5 25 inch drive bay the following figure shows how to attach the brackets to the drive The brackets are not required when mounting in a 3 5 inch drive bay Installing in a Device Bay After the hard drive is prepared with mounting brackets if required and the jumpers are set correctly the drive can be mounted in a device bay and secured Be sure to secure the drive with all four screws in the device bay This provides grounding and protection from shock and vibration NOTE Computersystems use different methods for mounting hard drives Please refer to the computeruser s manual orcontactthe manufacturerforspecific mounting instructions INSTALLATION 5 Attaching Interface and Power Cables In order for the computer to recognize that the M axtor hard drive is in the system the power
17. mode based on value in Sector Count register 44h Length of data appended on Read Long Write Long commands specified in the Identify Device information 55h Disable read look ahead feature 66h Disable reverting to poweron defaults 82h Disable write cache AAh Enable read look ahead feature BBh 4 bytes of Maxtor specific data appended on Read Long Write Long commands CCh Enable reverting to poweron defaults Enabled at power up by default INTER FACECOMMANDS Power Mode Commands Standby Immediate 94h EOh Spin down and do not change time out value This command will spin the drive down and cause the drive to enter the STANDBY MODE immediately If the drive is already soun down the spin down sequence is not executed Idle Immediate 95h E1lh Spin up and do not change time out value This command will spin up the spin motor if the drive is spun down and cause the drive to enter the IDLE MODE immediately If the drive is already spinning the spin up sequence is not executed The actuator is parked and some circuits are powered off Standby 96h E2h Spin down and change time out value This command will spin the drive down and caus the drive to enter the STANDBY MODE immediately If the drive is already soun down the spin down sequence is not executed A non zero value placed in the sector count register will enable the Automatic Power Down sequence The timer will begin counting down when the drive retu
18. or contact the manufacturer for assistance WARNING When entering settings for the Maxtor hard drive be careful not to change any of the other BIOS settings or other parts of the system may not work correctly BIOS CMOS Parameters In order for the computer system to recognize the new M axtor hard drive it is necessary to set the system BIOS with the correct information about the drive To do this run the system SETUP BIOS program The M axtor hard drive must be identified to the system through the BIOS and it must be registered in the BIOS based upon its position relative to the other IDE devices connected to the system and recorded in the BIOS Most newer BIOS provide the descriptions of Primary M aster Primary Slave Secondary M aster and Secondary Slave see section 2 which identify the device configuration and location on an IDE interface and its relationship to the other IDE devices on the same interface or ribbon cable Some older BIOS versions do not use this terminology for identification and it may be necessary to refer to the system user s manual or BIOS documentation to determine where the drive settings should be set in that specific BIOS If this information is not available then it will be necessary to contact the system manufacturer for the correct terminology to correctly identify the drives within the system The following are the typical steps to be used to set the hard drive parameters in a BIOS A Turn the system
19. static discharge ESD precautions including personnel and equipment grounding Stand alonedrivesaresenstiveto ESD damage BEFORE removingdrivesfrom their packing material allow them to reach room temperature Duringhandling N EVER drop jar or bump adrive O nceadriveisremoved from theM axtor shippingcontainer IM M E D IA TE LY securethedrive through itsmounting holeswithin achassis O therwise storethedriveon apadded grounded antistatic surface NEVER witch DC power onto the drive by plugging an electrically liveD C sourcecableinto thedrive sconnector NEVER connectalivebusto thedrive sinterface connector Please do not remove or cover up M axtor factory installed drive labels T hey contain information required should the drive ever need repair Contents Section 1 Introduction M axtor Corporation Products Support M anual Organization Abbreviations Conventions Key Words N umbering Signal Conventions Section 2 Product Description The DiamondM av VL 20 Product Features Functional Interface Zone Density R ecording R ead W rite Multiple Mode UltraDMA Mode 4 Multi word DMA EISA Type B Mode 2 Sector Address Translation Logical Block Addressing Defect Management Zone On the Fly Hardware Error Correction Code ECC Software ECC Correction Automatic Head Park and Lock Operation Cache M anagement Buffer Segmentation R ead Ahead M ode Automatic W rite R eallocation AWR Write Cache Stacking Majo
20. training materials Sources for such supplies include Static Control Systems 3M C harlesw ater 225 45 3M Center 93 Border St St Paul MN 55144 West Newton MA 02165 9990 M axtor also offers a complete video training package Care and Handling of Maxtor Disk Drives Contact your M axtor representative for details INSTALLATION Unpacking and Inspection Retain any packing material for reuse Inspect the shipping container for evidence of damage in transit N otify the carrier immediately in case of damage to the shipping container As they are removed inspect drives for evidence of shipping damage or loose hardware If a drive is damaged and no container damage is evident notify M axtor immediately for drive disposition _ KRAFT LID 1 DRIVE IN _ MOLDEDTRAY SHIELDING BAG OUTER CARTON CUSTOMER BARCODE LOCATION TAPE lt MAXTOR CARTON BARCODE LABEL 1 Figure 4 1 Multi pack Shipping Container Anti Static Bag Installation Sheet Drive KS Carton Figure 4 2 Single Pack Shipping Container Option A Repacking INSTALLATION Anti Static Beg Installation Sheet Drive N SC Foam Insert Carton Bar Code Label Figure 4 3 Single Pack Shipping Container Option B If a M axtor drive requires return repack it using M axtor packing materials including the antistatic bag Physical Installation Recommended Mounting Configuration The Diamond av d
21. with the interface set to inactive A software or hardware reset is required to return the drive to the Standby state EPA Energy Star Compliance M axtor Corporation supports the goals of the U S Environmental Protection Agency s Energy Star program to reduce the electrical power consumption of computer equipment Environmental Limits PARAMETER OPERATING NON OPERATING STORAGE Temperature 5 C to 55 C low temperature 40 C high temperature 71 C per MILSTD 810E method 501 3 climatic category hot induced conditions Thermal Gradient 25 C per hour maximum Relative Humidity 5 to 95 non condensing Wet Bulb 27 C maximum Altitude 200 to 10 000 feet 200 to 40 000 feet Acoustic Noise Idle mode 3 3 bel average sound power per ISO 7779 10 microphone PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS Shock and Vibration PARAMETER OPERATING NON OPERATING Mechanical Shock 30 Gs 2 0 ms no errors 250 Gs 2 0 ms no damage Rotational Shock 18 000 Rad sec 0 5 1 0 ms no damage Random Vibration 10 45 Hz at 0 004 GHz 10 2 000 Hz at 2 15 Grms no damage 48 62 Hz at 0 008 G Hz 65 300 Hz at 0 004 GH 301 500 Hz at 0 0006 G Hz no errors Swept Sine Vibration 0 049 inches double amplitude 5 20 Hz 1 0 G peak amplitude 0 peak 21 300 Hz Reliability Specifications Annual Return Rate lt 10 Annual R eturn R ate ARR indicates the average agai
22. 0220 65 251744 0080 65 1062 001 800 65 6500 Maxlnfo Service Use a touch tone phone to listen to technical information about Maxtor products and the top Q amp A s from our 24 hour automated voice system Continental USA Outside Continental USA MaxFax Service 800 2MAXTOR 800 262 9867 Press 1 wait for announcement listen for option 303 678 2015 listen for option Use a touch tone phone to order technical reference sheets drive specifications installation guides and other documents from our 24 hour automated fax retrieval system Requested items are sent directly to your fax machine Continental USA Phone Outside Continental USA Europe Phone Asia Pacific APAC Phone Languages supported English 800 2MAXTOR 800 262 9867 listen for option 303 678 2618 Language support English French German 353 1 204 1122 Language support English 61 2 9369 4733 Glossary access To obtain data from or place data into RAM a register or data storage device access time The interval between the issuing of an access command and the instant that the target data may be read or written Access time includes seek time latency and controller overhead time address A number generally binary distinguishing a specific member of an ordered set of locations In disk engineering the address may consist of drives unit address radial positions cylinder address or circumferential position secto
23. 5 367 MB 91021U2 19 852 16 63 20 010 816 10 245 MB The fields LZone Landing Zone and WPcom Write Pre comp are not used by the M axtor hard drive and the values may be either 0 or the values set by the BIOS All capacities listed in the above table are based on 10 or one million bytes PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Logical Block Addressing The Logical Block Address LBA mode can only be utilized in systems that support this form of translation The cylinder head and sector geometry of the drive as presented to the host differs from the actual physical geometry The host AT computer may access a drive of set parameters number of cylinders heads and sectors per track plus cylinder head and sector addresses H owever the drive can t use these host parameters directly because of zoned recording techniques The drive translates the host parameters to a set of logical internal addresses for data access The host drive geometry parameters are mapped into an LBA based on this formula LBA HSCA 1 HHDA x HSPT HNHD x HSPT x HCYA 1 HSCA 1 HSPT x HHDA HNHD x HCYA 2 where HSCA Host Sector Address HHDA Host Head Address HCYA Host Cylinder Address HNHD Host Number of Heads HSPT Host Sectors per Track The LBA is checked for violating the drive capacity If it does not the LBA is converted to physical drive cylinder head and sector values The physcal address is then used t
24. A data out bursts Data strobe during UltraDMA data in bursts DSTROBE CSEL 28 Cable Select Used for Master Slave selection via cable Requires special cabling on host system and installation of Cable Select jumper DMACK 29 DMA Acknowledge This signal is used with DMARQ for DMA transfers By asserting this signal the host is acknowledging the receipt of data or is indicating that data is available INTRO 31 O Host Interrupt Interrupt to the host asserted when the drive requires attention from the host Request IOCS16 32 Device 16 bit I O Obsolete PDIAG 34 I O Passed Diagnostic Output by drive when in Slave mode Input to drive when in Master mode DAO 35 Host Address Bus 3 bit binary address from the host to select a register in the drive DA1 33 DA2 36 CSO 37 Host Chip Select 0 Chip select from the host used to access the Command Block registers in the drive This signal is a decode of I O addresses 1FO 1F7 hex CS1 38 Host Chip Select 1 Chip select from the host used to access the Control registers in the drive This signal is a decode of I O addresses 3F6 3F7 hex DASP 39 UO Drive Active Drive 1 Time multiplexed open collector output which indicates that a drive is active or that Present device 1 is present GND 02 N A Ground Signal ground 19 22 24 26 30 40 KEY 20 N A Key Pin used for keying the interface connector AT INTERFACE DESCRIPTION PIO Timing
25. D Write Sector Buffer 0 1 0 0 0 D dentify Drive 0 1 0 0 D Set Features 0 1 1 1 D Read Multiple 0 0 0 0 0 Y Y Y Y Write Multiple 0 0 0 0 1 Y Y Y Y Set Multiple Mode 0 0 0 1 0 Y D TIMER VALUE TIME OUT PERIOD 0 Time out disabled 1 240 value 5 seconds 241 251 value 240 30 minutes 252 21 minutes 253 Vendor unique period 10 hours 254 Reserved 255 21 minutes 15 seconds HOST SOFTWAR EINTER FACE Control Diagnostic Registers These I O port addresses reference three C ontrol Diagnostic registers 1 0 PORT READ WRITE 3F6h Alternate Status Fixed Disk Control 3F7h Digital Input Not used Alternate Status Register Contains the same information as the Status register in the T ask File However this register may be read at any time without clearing a pending interrupt Device Control Register Contains the software R eset and Enable bit to enable interrupt requests to the host Bit definitions follow 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 SRST IEN Reset IRO Enable Reset Setting the software R eset bit holds the drive in the reset state Clearing the bit re enables the drive The software R eset bit must be held active for a minimum of 5 usec IRQ Enable Setting the Interrupt Request Enable to 0 enables the IRQ 14 signal to the host When this bit is set to 1 IRQ14 is tri stated and interrupt
26. DiamondMax VL 20 92041U4 91531U3 and 91021U2 Part 1427 A All material contained herein Copyright 1999 M axtor Corporation MaxFax is a trademark of Maxtor Corporation DiamondM a Maxtor and No Quibble Service are registered trademarks of M axtor Corporation Other brands or products are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders Contents and specifications subject to change without notice All rights reserved Corporate Headquarters 510 Cottonwood Drive Milpitas C alifornia 95035 Tel 408 432 1700 Fax 408 432 4510 Research and Development Engineering Center 2190 Miller Drive Longmont C olorado 80501 Tel 303 651 6000 Fax 303 678 2165 Before You Begin Thank you for your interest in the Maxtor DiamondM ax VL 20 AT hard disk drives This manual provides technical information for OEM engineers and systems integrators regarding the installation and use of DiamondM ax hard drives Drive repair should be performed only at an authorized repair center For repair information contact the M axtor Customer Service C enter at 800 2M AX TOR or 408 922 2085 Before unpacking the hard drive please review Sections 1 through 4 W CAUTION Maxtor DiamondMax VL 20 hard drives are precision products Failure to follow these precautions and guidelines outlined here may lead to product failure damage and invalidation of all warranties BEFORE unpackingorhandlingadrive takeall proper electro
27. IOS was set to AUTO DETECT follow the instructions in Section 7 to prepare the hard drive using the M axBlast installation softw are If other BIOS settings were used accessthe systemBIOS SETUP program and set the parameters toa User Definable Type w ith 4 092 cylinders 16 heads and 63 sectors pertrackforthe M axtor hard drive Then follow the instructions for setting the BIOS in Section 7 then Section 8to prepare the hard drive with M axBlast software SECTION 5 AT Interface Description Interface Connector All DiamondM ax VL 20 AT drives have a 40 pin ATA interface connector mounted on the PCBA The drive may connect directly to the host or it can also accommodate a cable connection max cable length 18 inches Striped Edge Pin 1 H an oo oo D0 oo oo oo oo oo oOo oo oo oo oo oo EI Oo ER ou D Drive 1 Slave gray 4 System Connector blue Drive 0 Master black Figure 5 1 Data Connector Pin Description Summary PIN SIGNAL PIN SIGNAL 01 Reset 02 Ground 03 DD7 04 DD8 05 DD6 06 DD9 07 DD5 08 DD10 09 DD4 10 DD11 11 DD3 12 DD12 13 DD2 14 DD13 15 DD1 16 DD14 17 DDO 18 DD15 19 Ground 20 keypin 21 DMARQ 22 Ground 23 DIOW STOP 24 Ground 25 DIOR HDMARDY HSTROBE 26 Ground 27 IORDY DDMARDY DSTROBE 28 CSEL 29 DMACK 30 Ground 31 INTRO 32 ee 33 DAI 34
28. IPTION 83 Command sets supported If words 82 83 and 84 0000h or FFFFh command set notification not supported 15 shall be cleared to zero 14 shall be set to one 13 1 reserved 0 1 supports Download Microcode command 84 Command set extensions supported If words 84 85 and 86 0000h or FFFFh command set notification not supported 15 shall be cleared to zero 14 shall be set to one 13 0 reserved 85 Command set enabled If words 84 85 and 86 0000h or FFFFh command set notification not supported 5 1 Identify Device DMA command enabled 14 1 NOP command enabled 3 1 Write Buffer command enabled 12 1 Read Buffer command enabled 1 1 Write Verify command enabled 0 1 Host Protected Area feature set enabled 9 1 Device Reset command enabled 8 1 Service Interrupt enabled 7 1 Release Interrupt enabled 6 1 Look Ahead enabled 5 1 Write Cache enabled 4 1 Packet command feature set enabled 3 1 Power Mangement feature set enabled 2 1 Removable feature set enabled 1 Security feature set enabled 0 1 SMART feature set enabled 86 Command sets enabled If words 85 86 and 87 0000h or FFFFh command set notification not supported 15 shall be cleared to zero 14 shall be set to one 13 1 reserved 0 1 supports Download Microcode command 87 Command sets enabled If words 85 86 and 87 0000h or FFFFh command set notification not supported 5 shall be cleared to zero 4 shall be set
29. Refer to the system user s manual or contact the system manufacturer for information on enabling LBA If the SETUP program does not provide the UDT set the BIOS 0 the drive type with the largest capacity of those listed in the BIOS C After the drive parameters are entered follow the SETUP program procedures to save the settings and exit the SETUP program After changing BIOS settings saving the values and exiting the SETUP program should force the system to re boot If you are not sure how the UDT is defined in the BIOS refer to the computer user s manual or contact the system manufacturer 8 Hard Drive Preparation To finish the installation the drive must be partitioned and formatted Hard drive partitioning and formatting may be done with the operating system softw are or with M axBlast installation software Select A or B below to co mplete the preparation of the M axtor hard drive NOTE Drive letter assignment is controlled by the operating system and not by the BIOS or M axBlast The operating system assigns drive letters to all devices as follows 1 to all hard drives and their partitions 2 to all other devices like CD ROM s and tape drives When adding an additional hard drive to the system the drive letters will be automatically changed by the operating system A Preparing the hard drive using the operating system software IMPORTANT Due to operating system limitations DOS operating systems cannot access the full
30. W min 215 ns 80 ns 70 ns E DIOR data access min 150 ns 60 ns F DIOR data hold min 5ns 5 ns 5 ns G DIOR DIOW data setup min 100 ns 30 ns 20 ns H DIOW data hold min 20 ns 15 ns 10 ns DMACK to DIOR DIOW setup min 0 0 0 J DIOR DIOW to DMACK hold min 20 ns 5ns 5ns r DIOR negated pulse width min 50 ns 50 ns 25 ns AN DIOW negated pulse width min 215 ns 50 ns 25 ns Lr DIOR to DMARO delay max 120 ns 40 ns 35 ns Lw DIOW to DMARQ delay max 40 ns 40 ns 35 ns Z DMACK to tristate max 20 ns 25 ns 25 ns t0 DMARQ TT DMACK pr tD A tK n tJ DIOR DIOW E el z READ XXXXXXKKXXXX ae DD 15 0 tG gt WRITE HAAS X DD 15 0 4 tG El Figure 5 3 M ulti word DMA Data Transfer AT INTERFACE DESCRIPTION Ultra DMA Timing TIMING PARAMETERS all times in nanoseconds MODE 0 MODE 1 MODE 2 MODE 3 MODE 4 MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX tee Cycle Time from STROBE edge to STROBE edge 112 73 54 39 25 t2 Two cycle time from rising edge to next rising edge or me rom falling edge to next falling edge of STROBE 230 154 115 86 57 ts Data setup time at recipient 15 10 7 7 ton Data hold time at recipient 5 5 5 5 t Data valid setup time at sender time from data bus being os valid until STROBE edge 70 48 30 20 6 t Data valid hold time at sender time from STROBE edge GR until data m
31. a servo pattern A readback signal that indicates the position of a head relative to a track servo surface A recording surface in a multi surface disk drive that only contains control information which provides timing head position and track following information for the data surfaces servo system An automatic system for maintaining the read write head on track can be either open loop quasi closed loop or closed loop GLOSSARY servo track A track on a servo surface The prerecorded reference track on the dedicated servo surface of a disk drive All data track positions are compared to their corresponding servo track to determine off track on track position settling time The time it takes a head to stop vibrating within specified limits after it reaches the desired cylinder silicon Semiconductor material generally used to manufacture microprocessors and other integrated circuit chips small computer system interface SCSI An intelligent interface that incorporates controller functions directly into the drive S M A R T capability Self Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology Prediction of device degradation and or faults soft error A data error which can be overcome by rereading the data or repositioning the head soft sectored A technique where the controller determines the beginning of a sector by the reading of format information from the disk This is contrasted to h
32. a single connector on the mother board or interface card it is the primary IDE EIDE interface To add a second IDE EIDE interface requires a special interface card In systems with two connectors on the mother board or interface card one is the primary and the other as the secondary The primary interface must be used for at least one IDE device before connecting any devices to the secondary IDE interface Ribbon cable lengths are limited to 18 inches and have two or three 40 pin connectors This cable is referred to as a parallel cable and IDE devices may be connected anywhere on the cable One of the connectors is attached to the IDE connector on the mother board or interface card and the remaining connector s are available for the IDE devices Identifying IDE Devices on the Interface Each device must be identified as either the M aster or Slave device on that interface cable Each cable must have a M aster before it can have a Slave device on the cable There cannot be two M aster or two Slave devices on the same cable IDE devices use jumpers to designate the M aster Slave identification of the device Each manufacturer may have its own jumpering scheme to identify the device as a Master or Slave and its relationship to other IDE devices attached to the same cable Jumper Settings A jumper is a small piece of plastic that slides over a pair of configuration pins on the drive to activate a specific function The jumper illustration below
33. able connection and orientation instructions Attach the 40 pin IDE interface cable from the M axtor hard drive to the IDE connector on the mother board or IDE interface card Insure that the red edge of the ribbon cable is oriented to pin 1 on the interface NOTE When installing a UDMA 66 DiamondMax Hard Drive model numbers designated with a U an 80 conductor cable must be used Please use the following connection steps 1 the blue connector must be attached to the system IDE interface 2 the gray connector must be attached to Device 1 slave and 3 the black connector must be attached to Device 0 master Striped Edge Pin 1 UE SS DC DO DC DO oo DO DC DO oo oO i DO DO i oo DO i on ou i oll ol 4 Drive 1 Slave gray 4 System Connector blue Drive 0 Master black INSTALLATION 7 System Setup The following procedures are designed for systems using the DOS 5 0 or higher Windows 95 and Windows 98 operating systems For other operating systems e g Windows NT OS2 UNIX LINUX and Novell NetW are refer to the operating system user s manual for the BIOS setting and other installation requirements For drives with capacities larger than 8 4 GB the full installation set for Windows 95A or 95B OSR2 Windows 98 or equivalent is required Operating systems that do not support extended interrupt 13 cannot access or format a drive larger than 8 4 GB This is true regardless of BIOS mother boa
34. ally required for repairs and returns Here s how it works 1 Customer visits www maxtor com or calls 1 800 2MAXTOR for a Return Material Authorization RMA number and provides a credit card number 2 Maxtor ships a replacement drive within 2 business days and 3 Customer returns the original drive and credit card draft is destroyed Product Support Technical Assistance Customer Service Hours of operation 6 a m to 6 p m Mountain Time Monday through Friday North Central and South America Languages supported English Spanish Voice 800 2MAXTOR 800 262 9867 E mail www maxtor com Outside Continental USA 303 678 2015 Europe Middle East Africa Languages supported English French German Hours of operation 8 30 a m to 5 p m Greenwich Mean Time Monday through Thursday 8 30 a m to 4 p m Friday Voice 353 1 204 1111 E mail www maxtor com Fax 353 1 286 1419 MaxFax 353 1 204 1122 SERVICE AND SUPPORT Asia Pacific APAC Australia Languages supported English Vox 61 2 9369 3662 Pax 61 2 9369 2082 MaxFax 61 2 9369 4733 BBS 61 2 9369 4293 Singapore Languages supported English Contact local Maxtor sales office From Australia Hong Kong Indonesia Japan South Korea Malaysia New Zealand Singapore Toll Free Singapore Vox Singapore Fax Taiwan Thailand Dial 1 800 124 328 800 96 3387 803 65 6500 0031 65 3616 0078 65 800 6500 1 800 80 1126 0800 44 6542 1 800 481 6788 65 852
35. alue If CSEL is grounded then the drive address is 0 If CSEL is open then the drive address is 1 J umper Location Configuration Darkened jumper pins indicate factory installed default shunts 12 VDC JUMPER CONFIGURATION J50 J48 J46 J44 J42 12 V return Master Slave o Only drive in single drive system C 5 V return Master drive in dual drive system C EIDE si Sle sS 5 VDC Slave drive in dual drive system OD pin aN Cable Select ee 700 7 E 2 LA Disabled O e E 8222A Enabled C Power Connector Cylinder Limitation J50 Master Slave Disabled O Enabled C J48 Cable Select J46 Cylinder Limitation J44 Factory Reserved J42 Factory Reserved Factory Reserved O Factory Reserved O Key Default C Closed jumper installed O Open no jumper installed Figure 2 1 PCBA J umper Location and Configuration Cylinder Limitation J umper Description On some older BIOS primarily those that auto configure the disk drive a hang may occur The Cylinder Limitation jumper reduces the capacity in the Identify Drive allowing large capacity drives to work with older BIOS The capacity reported when J46 is closed will be as follows drives less than or equal to 32GB will report 2 1GB Drives greater than 32GB will report 32GB SECTION 3 Product Specifications Models and Capacities MODEL 92041U4 91531U3 91021U2
36. apacity taken up by the overhead data used in formatting the sectors frequency modulation A recording code A flux reversal at the beginning of a cell time represents clock bit a 1 bit is a flux reversal at the center of the cell time and a 0 bit is an absence of a flux reversal GL 3 GLOSSARY frequency response A measure of how effectively a circuit or device transmits the different frequencies applied to it In disk and tape drives this refers to the read write channel In disk drives it can also refer to the dynamic mechanical characteristics of a positioning system gigabyte GB One billion bytes one thousand megabytes or 10E9 hard error An error that is not able to be overcome by repeated readings and repositioning means hard sectored A technique where a digital signal indicates the beginning of a sector on a track This is contrasted to soft sectoring where the controller determines the beginning of a sector by the reading of format information from the disk head The electromagnetic device that write records reads plays back and erases data on a magnetic media It contains a read core s and or a write core s and or erase core s which is are used to produce or receive magnetic flux Sometimes the term is all inclusive to mean the carriage assembly which includes the slider and flexure head crash The inadvertent touching of a disk by a head flying over the disk may des
37. ard sectoring where a digital signal indicates the beginning of a sector on a track software Applications programs operating systems and other programs as opposed to hardware spindle The rotating hub structure to which the disks are attached spindle motor The motor that rotates the spindle and therefore the disks sputtered media Magnetic disk or tape that has the magnetic layer deposited by sputtering means stepper motor A motor that has known detent positions where the rotor will stop with the proper control in some cases The digitally controlled motor moves the head positioner from track to track in small step like motions storage capacity The amount of data that can be stored in a memory location usually specified in kilobytes for main memory and floppy drives and megabytes for mass storage devices storage density Usually refers to recording density BPI TPI or a combination of the two storage location A memory location identified by an address where information may be read or written GL 7 GLOSSARY GL 8 strobe offset signal A group of digital input signal levels which cause the read PLL and or data decoder to shift the decoding windows by fractional amounts Often early late are modified when two signals are used T thin film head A magnetic transducer manufactured by deposition of magnetic and electrical materials on a base material contrasted with prior art mechanical m
38. ay go invalid 6 6 6 6 6 VE First STROBE time for device to send first STROBE 0 230 0 200 0 170 0 130 0 120 ty Limited interlock time time allowed between an action by one agent either host or device and the following action 0 150 0 150 0 150 0 100 0 100 by the other agent Tai nterlock time with minimum 20 20 20 20 20 e Unlimited interlock time 0 0 0 0 0 ty Maximum time allowed for outputs to release 10 10 10 10 10 tzan Minimum delay time required for output drivers turning on 20 20 20 20 20 t from released state 0 0 0 0 0 ZAD t Envelope time all control signal transitions are within the Ew DMACK envelope by this much time 20 70 20 70 20 j 70 20 55 20 5 t STROBE to DMARDY response time to ensure the e synchronous pause case when the recipient is pausing 50 30 20 NA NA t Ready to final STROBE time no more STROBE edges may aed be sent this long after receiving DMARDY negation 75 70 60 60 60 t Ready to pause time time until a recipient may assume S hat the sender has paused after negation of DMARDY 160 125 100 100 100 tioroyz Pull up time before allowing IORDY to be released 20 20 20 20 20 Lon Minimum time device shall wait before driving IORDY 0 0 0 0 0 t Setup and hold times before assertion and negation of ACK DMACK 20 20 20 20 20 te Time from STROBE edge to STOP assertion when the 50 50 50 50 50 sender is stopping DMARQ device ___Y tu DMACK A
39. ber of read and write buffers may exist at the same time Read Ahead Mode Normally this mode is active Following a read request disk read ahead begins on the first sector and continues sequentially until the allocated buffer is full If a read request is received during the read ahead operation the buffer is examined to determine if the request is in the cache If a cache hit occurs read ahead mode continues without interruption and the hos transfer begins immediately Automatic Write Reallocation AWR This feature is part of the write cache and reduces the risk of data loss during deferred write operations If a disk error occurs during the disk write process the disk task stops and the suspect sector is reallocated to a pool of alternate sectors located at the end of the drive Following reallocation the disk write task continues until it is complete Write Cache Stacking Normally this mode is active Write cache mode accepts the host write data into the buffer until the buffer is full or the host transfer is complete A command complete interrupt is generated at the end of the transfer A disk write task begins to store the host data to disk Host write commands continue to be accepted and data transferred to the buffer until either the write command stack is full or the data buffer is full The drive may reorder write commands to optimize drive throughput PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Major HDA Components Drive Mechanism A brush les
40. cable and IDE interface cable must be properly connected 1 Attach an available IDE interface connector to J 1 on the M axtor hard drive The striped or colored edge of the IDE interface cable indicates pin 1 Pin 1 on the IDE interface cable connector must match pin 1 on the M axtor hard drive IDE interface connector closest to the drive power connector It must also match pin 1 on the IDE connector on the mother board or IDE interface card Refer to the system or interface card user s manual for identification of pin 1 on their IDE interface connector 2 Connect an available power connector to J 2 on the Maxtor hard drive This connector is keyed and will only fit in one orientation Do not force the connector After attaching the IDE interface cable and the power cable to the M axtor hard drive verify that all other cables connected to other devices the mother board or interface card s are correctly seated Striped colored edge is pin 6 Attaching System Cables The computer system the M axtor hard drive is being installed in will have its own cable placement and connection methods This means that the location of the IDE interface connectors on the mother board and or interface card and the orientation of pin one is determined by the manufacturer Also older systems and interface cards may have only a single IDE interface connection limiting the system to two IDE devices Refer to the system or interface card user s manual for c
41. ch can be stored in a given device or portion of same GL 1 GLOSSARY GL 2 central processing unit CPU The heart of the computer system that executes programmed instructions It includes the arithmetic logic unit ALU for performing all math and logic operations a control section for interpreting and executing instructions internal memory for temporary storage of program variables and other functions channel A collection of electronic circuits used in the process of writing and reading information to and from magnetic media character An ordered collection of bits representing one of a set of predefined symbols Often the term is used interchangeably with byte but this is inexact closed loop A control technique that enables the positioning system to correct off track errors in real time The actual head position is monitored and compared to the ideal track position to determine any position error that might be occurring This information is then used to produce a correction signal feedback that goes to the positioner to correct the error See also track following servo closed loop servo A servo control technique that uses position feedback to correct off track errors See Track Following Servo cluster The smallest allocatable unit of disk storage allowed by MS DOS each FAT entry represents one cluster controller An electronic device for connecting one or more mass storage peripherals rigid disk drive
42. city of the hard drive If the system correctly detects the drive and does not hang during the boot process proceed to Section 8 If the system hangs during the POST proceed to Section 9 If Auto Detect did not find the drive and no error message was presented proceed to step 2 below 2 Enter the BIOS menu where the hard drive definitions are displayed and select the appropriate entry Primary M aster Primary Slave Secondary Master or Secondary Slave or their equivalents for the M axtor hard drive If the SETUP program does not provide an AUTO DETECT capability the INSTALLATION drive parameters must be set using the User Definable Type UDT Set the Cylinder Head and Sector values with the values listed on the drive label The drive label is located on the top cover of the drive The fields LZone Landing Zone and W Pcom Write Pre comp are not used by the M axtor hard drive These fields may be set to 0 or by the values assigned by the BIOS Note Each BIOS manufacturer uses different methods of identifying the UDT Newer BIOS from all manufacturer s will usually include an entry called User or User 1 Older BIOS vary in the method used to identify the UDT Following are examples of BIOS UDT AMI Type 47 Award Type 47 and Phoenix Type 48 Only the cylinder head and sector values printed on the drive abel must be entered All other values may be zero 0 Set the LBA mode to enabled for this drive
43. computers A bit is usually part of a data byte or word but bits may be used singly to control or read logic on off functions The fundamental unit information often used loosely to refer to a circuit or magnetization state at a particular instant in time BIOS Acronym for Basic Input Output System The firmware area of a CPU that controls operations through the system bus and to the attached cards and peripheral devices BPI Acronym for bits per inch See bit density block A group of bytes handled stored and accessed as a logical data unit such as an individual file record buffer A temporary data storage area that compensates for a difference in data transfer rates and or data processing rates between sender and receiver bus A collection of functionally parallel conductors that forms an interconnection between functional blocks in a digital device A length of parallel conductors that forms a major interconnection route between the computer system CPU central processing unit and its peripheral subsystems Depending on its design a bus may carry data addresses power and more byte An ordered collection of bits treated as a unit Most often a byte is understood to consist of eight bits One byte is necessary to define an alphanumeric character C cache Random access memory RAM used as a buffer between the CPU and the disk drive capacity The amount of data usually expressed in bytes whi
44. d to 65 535 INTER FACECOMMANDS Seek Format and Diagnostic Commands Seek Initiates a seek to the track and selects the head specified in the Command block Sets BSY in the Status register Initiates the Seek R ests BSY and Generates an interrupt PWNeE The drive does not wait for the seek to complete before returning the interrupt If a new command is issued to a drive during the execution of a Seek command the drive will wait with BSY active for the Seek to complete before executing the new command Format Track Formats the track specified in the Command Block Shortly after the Command register is written the drive sets the bit and waits for the hos to fill the sector buffer with the interleave table When the buffer is full the drive resets DRQ sets BSY and begins command execution If the drive is not already on the desired track an implied seek is performed Once at the desired track the data fields are written with all zeroes Execute Drive Diagnostic Commands the drive to implement the internal diagnostic tests These tests are executed only upon command receipt they do not run automatically at power up or after a reset The drive sets BSY immediately upon receiving this command The following table presents the codes and their descriptions N ote that the value in the Error register should be viewed as a unique 8 bit Code ERROR CODE DESCRIPTION 01 No error detected 00 Master drive failed
45. ds while the drive in SLEEP MODE Initialization Commands Identify Drive Allows the host to receive parameter information from the drive When the command is received the drive 1 Sets BSY 2 Stores the required parameter information in the sector buffer 3 Sets the DRQ bit and 4 Generates an interrupt INTER FACECOMMANDS The host may then read the information out of the sector buffer Parameter words in the buffer follow Note that all reserved bits or words should be zeroes WORD CONTENT DESCRIPTION 0 General configuration 15 device 0 ATA device 1 ATAPI 14 8 retired 7 1 removable media device 6 1 not removable controller and or device 5 3 retired 2 response incomplete 1 retired 0 reserved 1 umber of logical cylinders 2 Reserved 3 umber of logical heads 4 5 Retired 6 umber of logical sectors per logical track 7 8 Reserved 9 Retired 10 19 Drive serial number 20 ASCII characters 20 ot used 21 Buffer size in 512 byte increments 0000h not specified 22 umber of Maxtor specific bytes available on Read Write Long commands 23 26 Firmware revision 8 ASCII characters 27 46 odel number 40 ASCII characters 47 aximum number of sectors that can be transferred per interrupt on read and write multiple commands 48 Reserved 49 Capabilities 15 14 reserved 13 standby timer 1
46. e 8 16 32 and 64 bits 1 2 4 or 8 bytes write The recording of flux reversals on a magnetic media write pre compensation The intentional time shifting of write data to offset the effects of bit shift in magnetic recording write gate signal A digital input signal level which causes the drive circuitry to record write data
47. e and Power Cabling Detail M aster Slave and Cable Select Settings Data Connector PIO Data Transfer to from Device M ulti word DMA Data Transfer Initiating an Ultra DMA Data In Burst Sustained Ultra DMA Data In Burst Host Pausing an Ultra DMA Data In Burst Device Terminating an Ultra DMA Data In Burst Host Terminating an UltraDMA Data In Burg Initiating an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst Sustained Ultra DMA Data Out Burst Device Pausing an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst Host Terminating an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst Device Terminating an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst N D 1 D 1 D 1 1 rR D 1 Nom A GA FA FA ow 1 i 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 m Oo 1 O OO JO Dn WNYKNANDO YN P DI FA FP Pe kA Oo OO WANN On Om Un E We m N U U U Dn LD Dn LD Dn LD Dn LD Dn Ln A aA A A A A AUN vm E im amp A E vu 1 vun i Ln U U Dn LD Dn LD Dn LD Dn On Dn On A A A A AA AUW io t i m Ww be SECTION 1 Introduction Maxtor Corporation M axtor Corporation has been providing high quality computer storage products since 1982 Along the way we ve seen many changes in data storage needs Not long ago only a handful of specific users needed more than a couple hundred megabytes of storage Today downloading from the Internet and CD ROMs multimedia networking and advanced office applications are driving storage needs even higher Even home PC applications need capacities measured in gigabytes not megabytes Products M axtor s products meet those demand
48. e drive requests data transfers to and from the host by asserting its IR Q 14 signal This signal interrupts the host if enabled by bit 1 IRQ enable of the Fixed Disk Control register Clear this interrupt by reading the Status register writing the Command register or by executing a host hardware or software reset SECTION 7 Interface Commands The following section describes the commands and any parameters necessary to execute them as well as Status and Error register bits affected Read Commands R ead Sector s R ead Verify Sector s R ead Sector Buffer Read DMA M ulti word DMA Ultra DMA Read Multiple Set M ultiple Write Commands W rite Sector s Write Verify Sector s Write Sector Buffer Write DMA M ulti word DMA Ultra DMA Write M ultiple Set Feature Commands Set Features M ode Power Mode Commands Standby Immediate Idle Immediate Standby Idle Check Power Mode Set Sleep M ode Default Power on Condition Initialization Commands Identify Drive Initialize Drive Parameters INTER FACECOMMANDS Read Commands Read Sector s R eads from 1 to 256 sectors as specified in the Command Block beginning at the specified sector A sector count of 0 requests 256 sectors Immediately after the Command register is written the drive sets the BSY bit and begins execution of the command If the drive is not already on the desired track an implied seek is performed Once at the desired track the drive searches f
49. e the installation of your M axtor hard drive Asmall Phillips head screw driver Your computer user s manual Small needle nose pliers or Operating system software tweezers Drive Identification Information Copy the following information from the label on the top cover of the M axtor hard drive for future reference Model Number 22222 Serial Number 222222222 Cylinders _____ Heads Sectors HDA Uplevel 2 PCBA Uplevel Unique Uplevel Capacity Barriers Due to operating system limitations DOS cannot access the full capacity of drives larger than 8 4 GB The M icrosoft Windows 95 operating system or equivalent full installation NOT a Windows 95 upgrade from DOS Windows 3 1 or 3 11 is required to obtain the full capacity of any hard drive larger than 8 4 GB Protecting Your Existing Data Periodic backup of important datais always a good idea Whenever your computeris on there is the potential forlosing data on yourhard drive This is especially true w hen running diskutilities or any softw are that directly manipulates your files M axtorrecommends that youmake a backup copy of the files on any existing hard drives If required this data maythen be copied tothe M axtor hard drive after it has been installed in your computer Referto your computer user s manual for detailed data backup instructions INSTALLATION 2 General Requirements System Hardware Requirements The minimum system M axtor recommends for drives 8 4 GB o
50. ees of the amount of difference between excursions from the window center where flux reversals can occur and the edge of the data window Similar to window margin physical sector The smallest grouping of data on the hard disk always 512 bytes PIO Programmable Input Output A means of accessing device registers Also describes one form of data transfers PIO data transfers are performed by the host processor using PIO register accesses to the data register plated thin film media Magnetic disk memory media having its surface plated with a thin coating of a metallic alloy instead of being coated with oxide GL 6 processing The process of the computer handling manipulating and modifying data such as arithmetic calculation file lookup and updating and word pressing pulse crowding Modification of playback amplitude due to super positioning of adjacent flux reversal fields being sensed by the read write gap pulse detect A digital pulse train in which each leading edge or each edge corresponds to a magnetic transition read from the disk If transition qualification circuitry exists in the drive this signal is the output of same Also known as transition detect random access memory RAM Memory designed so that any storage location can be accessed randomly directly and individually This is contrasted to sequential access devices such as tape drives read To access a storage location and obtain previo
51. essor The microprocessor controls the following functions for the drive electronics Command execution Cache management Data correction and error recovery Diagnostic execution Data sequencing Head positioning including error recovery Host interface Index detection Spin speed control Seeks Servo S M A R T PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Subsystem Configuration Dual Drive Support Two drives may be accessed via a common interface cable using the same range of I O addresses The drives are jumpered as device 0 or 1 M aster Slave and are selected by the drive select bit in the Device H ead register of the tax file All Task File registers are written in parallel to both drives The interface processor on each drive decides whether a command written to it should be executed this depends on the type of command and which drive is selected Only the drive selected executes the command and activates the data bus in response to host I O reads the drive not selected remains inactive A master dave relationship exists between the two drives device 0 is the master and device 1 the dave When J50 is closed factory default figure 2 1 the drive assumes the role of master when open the drive acts as a dave In single drive configurations J50 must be closed Cable Select Option CSEL cable select is an optional feature per ANSI ATA specification Drives configured in a multiple drive system are identified by CSEL s v
52. ested power operation Once the requested Power Mode change has begun the drive resets BSY and generates an interrupt without waiting for the drive to spin up or spin down U pon receiving a SLEEP MODE command the drive is un down and when it is stopped the drive resets BSY and generates an interrupt INTER FACECOMMANDS W hen enabling the Automatic Power Down sequence the value placed in the Sector Count register is multiplied by five seconds to obtain the Time out Interval value If no drive commands are received from the host within the Time out Interval the drive automatically enters the STANDBY mode The minimum value is 5 seconds TIMER VALUE TIME OUT PERIOD 0 Time out disabled 1 240 value 5 seconds 241 251 value 240 30 minutes 252 21 minutes 253 Vendor unique period 10 hours 254 Reserved 255 21 minutes 15 seconds While the drive isin STANDBY MODE any commands received from the host are accepted and executed as they would in normal operation except that the spin motor is started if required to execute a disk command Under these conditions the drive will set BSY when command processing would normally begin and will leave BSY set until the drive comes up to speed and the disk command can be executed Disk commands issued while the drive is in STANDBY MODE restarts the Time out Interval after completing the command A reset must be issued before attempting to issue any comman
53. ethods Read write heads whose read write element is deposited using integrated circuit techniques rather than being manually wound thin film media See plated thin film media track One surface of a cylinder A path which contains reproducible information left on a magnetic medium by recording means energized from a single channel track following servo A closed loop positioner control system that continuously corrects the position of the disk drive s heads by utilizing a reference track and a feedback loop in the head positioning system See also closed loop tracks per inch TPI A measurement of radial density Tracks per inch of disk radius track positioning The method both mechanical and electrical used to position the heads over the correct cylinder in a disk drive system un correctable error An error that is not able to be overcome with Error Detection and Correction unformatted capacity Storage capacity of disk drive prior to formatting also called the gross capacity See format The raw capacity of a drive not taking into account the capacity loss due to storage of the format control information on the disk surfaces unrecoverable error A read error falling outside the capability of an ECC mechanism to correct or not able to be overcome by rereading the data in question with or without repositioning the head voice coil motor A positioning motor that uses the same principle as a vo
54. hat is not self clocking in other words it needs to be provided with an external bit cell clock signal Generally used in higher performance disk drives off line processing or peripheral operations performed while disconnected from the system CPU via the system bus on line processing or peripheral operations performed while disconnected from the system CPU via the system bus open loop servo A head positioning system that does not use positional information to verify and correct the radial location of the head relative to the track This is usually achieved by use of a stepper motor which has predetermined stopping point that corresponds to track locations operating system A software program that organizes the actions of the parts of the computer and its peripheral devices See disk operating system outside diameter The largest radius recording track on a disk overwrite A test that measures the residual 1F recorded frequency on a track after being overwritten by a 2F signal Variations of the test exist GL 5 GLOSSARY parallelism 1 The condition of two planes or lines being parallel Important in disk drives because a lack of it in mechanical assemblies can result in positioning inaccuracy More precisely planes coplanar lines colinear 2 Is the local variation in disk thickness measured independently of thickness itself 3 The ability of a multiprocessor computer to allocate more than one pr
55. ian Department of Communications The CE Marking indicates conformity with the European Union Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EEC when the disk mechanism is installed in a typical personal computer M axtor recommends that testing and analysis for EMC compliance be performed with the disk mechanism installed within the user s end use application Canadian Emissions Statement This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the radio interference regulations of the Canadian department of communications Le present appareil numerique n emet pas de bruit radioelectriques depassant les limites applicables aux appareils numeriques de Class B prescrites dans le reglement sur le brouillage radioelectrique edicte par le ministere des communications du C anada Safety Regulatory Compliance All Maxtor hard drives comply with relevant product safety standards such as CE CUL TUV and UL rules and regulations As delivered M axtor hard drives are designed for system integration before they are used SECTION 4 Handling and Installation Pre formatted Drive This M axtor hard drive has been formatted at the factory Do not use a low level formatting program Hard Drive Handling Precautions If the handling precautions are not followed damage to the hard drive may result which may void the warranty During handling NEVER drop jar or bump a drive Handle the drive by its
56. icate that data transfer has terminated and status is available The error posting is identical to the R ead Sector s command Read Multiple Performs similarly to the R ead Sector s command except that for each READ MULTIPLE command data transfers are multiple sector blocks and the Long bit is not valid Execution is also similar to that of the READ SECTOR S command except that 1 Several sectors are transferred to the host as a block without intervening interrupts 2 DRQ qualification of the transfer is required only at the start of each block not of each sector The block count congsts of the number of sectors to be transferred as a block The block count is programmed by the Set M ultiple Mode command which must be executed prior to the R ead Multiple command READ LONG command is limited to angle sector requests When the R ead Multiple command is issued the Sector Count register contains the number of sectors requested not the number of blocks or the block count If the number of sectors is not evenly divisible by the block count as many full blocks as possible are transferred followed by a final partial block transfer This final partial block transfer is for N sectors where N sector count modulo block count The Read Multiple operation will be rejected with an Aborted Command error if attempted 1 Before the Set Multiple Mode command has been executed or 2 When R ead Multiple commands are disabled The cont
57. ice coil in a loudspeaker The motor has no detent positions The mechanical motion output of it can be either rotary or linear W Whitney head A successor to the original Winchester read write head design The primary change was to make the flexure smaller and more rigid First used in IBM 3370 3380 Whitney technology A method of constructing a read write head in a rigid disk drive using a Whitney head In all other details it is the same as Winchester technology Winchester head The read write head used in Winchester technology non removable media disk drives May be either a monolithic or composite type It is aerodynamically designed to fly within microinches of the disk surface Winchester technology A method of constructing a rigid disk drive using concepts introduced in the IBM model 3340 disk drive The primary changes from prior technology was to lower the mass of the slider use of a monolithic slider radically changing the design of the flexure and having the slider come to rest on a lubricated disk surface when disk rotation ceases In addition to the above a totally sealed chamber containing the read write heads and disks was used to protect against contamination window margin The amount of tolerance a read write system has for transition jitter at a specified error rate level word A number of bits typically a multiple of eight processed in parallel in a single operation Standard word lengths ar
58. indow that has been shifted in a late direction to facilitate data recovery latency A delay encountered in a computer when waiting for a specific response In a disk drive there is both seek latency and rotational latency The time required for the addressed sector to arrive under the head after the head is positioned over the correct track It is a result of the disk s rotational speed and must be considered in determining the disk drive s total access time logic Electronic circuitry that switches on and off 1 and Oo to perform functions logical address A storage location address that may not relate directly to a physical location Usually used to request information from a controller which performs a logical to physical address conversion and in turn retrieves the data from a physical location in the mass storage peripheral logical block addressing Defines the addressing of the device by the linear mapping of sectors logical sector The lowest unit of space that DOS can access through a device driver one or more physical sectors low frequency The lowest recording frequency used in a particular magnetic recording device With FM or MFM channel codes this frequency is also called IF main memory Random access memory RAM used by the central processing unit CPU for storing program instructions and data currently being processed by those instructions See also random access memory mass st
59. ing storage capacity requirements with room to spare They feature proven compatibility and reliability While DiamondMax VL 20 is the latest addition to our family of high performance 5 400 RPM desktop hard drives DiamondM ax 40 series hard drives deliver industry leading capacity and performance for demanding desktop and workstation applications Support No matter which capacity all Maxtor hard drives are supported by our commitment to total customer satisfaction and our N o Q uibble Service guarantee One call or a vist to our home page on the Internet http www maxtor com puts you in touch with either technical support or customer service W e ll provide you the information you need quickly accurately and in the form you prefer a fax a downloaded file or a conversation with a representative Manual Organization This hard disk drive reference manual is organized in the following method OM Section 1 Introduction M Section 2 Description LI Section 3 Specifications LI Section 4 Installation LI Section 5 AT Interface LI Section 6 Host Software Interface LI Section 7 Interface Commands Li Section 8 Service and Support TY Appendix Glossary Abbreviations ABBRV DESCRIPTION ABBRV DESCRIPTION ATA AT attachment MB megabyte bpi bits per inch Mbits sec megabits per second CHS cylinder head sector MB sec megabytes per second db decibels MHz megahertz dBA decibels A weighted ms milli
60. ion or from the manufacturer of that device Systems Using Cable Select IMPORTANT Most systems do not use this feature Unless you are sure that your computer system supports Cable Select do not set up the drive with this feature enabled Maxtor hard drives support Cable Select The Cable Select method of drive identification allows the system to identify M aster and Slave IDE devices based upon the position connector the IDE device is attached to on the interface ribbon cable A special IDE cable select interface ribbon cable is required for systems using the Cable Select feature Systems that use Cable Select do not support the standard M aster Slave definitions described above and the standard IDE interface ribbon cable cannot be used on these systems If your system supports this feature refer to the system user s manual or contact the system manufacturer for specific procedures for installing hard drives On M axtor hard drives Cable Select is enabled by installing a jumper on J 48 Relationship to Other IDE Devices Maxtor recommends that its hard drives be configured as a M aster device to any IDE device that is not a hard drive e g CD ROM s Tape drives Zip Drives etc 4 Mounting Drive in System Turn the computer OFF disconnect the power cord and remove the cover Refer to the computer user s manual for information on removing the cover Each system manufacturer uses different types of cases including desktop
61. isk operations The host accesses each register by the I O port address shown in this Task File register map I O PORT READ WRITE FOh Data Register Data Register Fih Error Register Features Register F2h Sector Count Sector Count F3h Sector Number Sector Number F4h Cylinder Low Cylinder Low F5h Cylinder High Cylinder High F6h Drive Head SDH Drive Head SDH F7h Status Register Command Register Data Register Provides access to the drive s sector buffer for read and write operations With the exception of ECC byte transfers which during R ead long and Write long commands are 8 bits wide data transfers through the Data register are all 16 bits wide Error Register A read only register containing specific information regarding the previous command Data interpretation differs depending on whether the controller is in operational or diagnostic mode A power up reset software reset or receipt of a diagnostic command sets the controller into diagnostic mode This mode invalidates contents of the Status register The contents of the Error register reflect a completion code Issuing any command apart from a Diagnostic command places the controller into operational mode In operational mode the Error register is valid only when the Error bit in the Status register is set The bit definitions for operational mode follow 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 ECC 0 IDNF 0 ABRT TKO AMNF Interface Data No
62. lock count consists of the number of sectors to be transferred as a block and is programmed by the Set Multiple Mode command which must be executed prior to the Write Multiple command When the Write Multiple command is issued the Sector Count register contains the number of sectors requested not the number of blocks or the block count If the number of sectors is not evenly divisible by the block count as many full blocks as possible are transferred followed by a final partial block transfer This final partial block transfer is for N sectors where N sector count modulo block count The Write Multiple operation will be rejected with an Aborted Command error if attempted 1 Before the Set Multiple Mode command has been executed or 2 When Write Multiple commands are disabled All disk errors encountered during Write Multiple commands report after the attempted disk write of the block or partial block in which the error occurred The write operation ends with the sector in error even if it was in the middle of a block When an error occurs subsequent blocks are not transferred When DRQ is set at the beginning of each full and partial block interrupts are generated Write DMA Multi word DMA Identical to the Write Sector s command except that 1 The host initializes a Save DMA channel prior to issuing the command 2 Data transfers are qualified by DMARQ and are performed by the dave DMA channel and 3 The drive iss
63. lse when it is above ViH A signal without a dash at the end indicates that the signal is high active A high active signal is true when it is above ViH and is false when it is below ViL W hen a signal is asserted it means the signal is driven by an active circuit to its true state W hen a sgnal is negated it means the signal is driven by an active circuit to its false state W hen a signal is released it means the signal is not actively driven to any state Some signals have bias circuitry that pull the signal to either a true or false state when no sgnal driver is actively asserting or negating the signal Thes instances are noted under the description of the sgnal SECTION 2 Product Description M axtor DiamondM ax VL 20 AT disk drives are 1 inch high 3 5 inch diameter random access storage devices which incorporate an on board ATA 5 Ultra DMA 66 controller High capacity is achieved by a balanced combination of high areal recording density and the latest data encoding and servo techniques M axtor s latest advancements in electronic packaging and integration methods have lowered the drive s power consumption and increased its reliability Advanced giant magneto redstive read write heads and a state of the art head disk assembly using an integrated motor spindle design allow up to four disks in a 3 5 inch package The new DiamondM ax VL 20 Value Line series from M axtor are 1 and 2 disk products expressly designed for entry
64. m On On Om Om DAA On Om OA 1 1 a i a 1 i U On BWW D D D 4 D 4 FA FA NN NP PF PP DIAMONDMAX VL 20PRODUCT MANUAL Device Control R egiger Digital Input R egister R eset and Interrupt H andling Section 7 Interface Commands Command Summary R ead Commands Read Sector s Read Verify Sector s Read Sector Buffer Read DMA Read Multiple Set M ultiple W rite Commands Write Sector s Write Verify Sector s Write Sector Buffer Write DMA Write M ultiple Ultra DMA Set Feature Commands Set Features M ode Power Mode Commands Standby Immediate Idle Immediate Standby Idle Check Power Mode Set Sleep M ode Default Power on Condition Initialization Commande Identify Drive Initialize Drive Parameters Seek Format and Diagnostic Commands S M A R T Command Set Section 8 Service and Support Service Policy No Quibble Service Support Glossary Glossary an On 1 1 na Ul On 1 O O Jl d d d d d d Un LD Un Ln Un P HHP HWW DA FA FA FA FA FP 1 1 m N N N NN NNN NNN NN NN NN NN NNN NNN NN NN ON ON oa 1 i KA LA KA CH CO o CO 1 PrP GL 1 DIAMONDMAX VL 20PRODUCT MANUAL Figures Figure Title Page PCBA Jumper Location and Configuration Outline and Mounting Dimensions Multi pack Shipping Container Single pack Shipping Container O ption A Single pack Shipping Container O ption B M aster Slave and Cable Select Settings 5 25 inch M ounting Brackets and R ails IDE Interfac
65. nst products shipped ARR includes all reasons for returns failures handling damage NDF but does not include inventory credit returns Quality Acceptance Rate lt 500 DPPM The quality acceptance rate indicates the percentage of M axtor products successfully installed by our customers and or the number of defective parts per million DPPM encountered during the entire installation process Start Stop Cycles 50 000 minimum This indicates the minimum cycles for reliable start stop function at a gt 60 confidence level Data Reliability lt 1 per 10 bits read Data errors non recoverable Average data error rate allowed with all error recovery features activated Component Design Life 5 years minimum Component design life is defined as a the time period before identified wear out mechanisms impact the failure rate or b the time period up to the wear out point when useful component life expires PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS EMC EMI Radiated Electromagnetic Field Emissions EMC Compliance The hard disk drive mechanism is designed as a subassembly for installation into a suitable enclosure and is therefore not subject to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules 47CFR 15 or the Canadian Department of Communications R adio Interference R egulations Although not required the disk mechanism has been tested within a suitable end use product and found to comply with Class B limits of the FCC R ules and R egulations of the Canad
66. o access or store the data on the disk and for other drive related operations Defect Management Zone DMZ Each drive model has a fixed number of spare sectors per drive all of which are located at the end of the drive Upon detection of a bad sector that has been reassigned the next sequential sector is used For example if sector 3 is flagged data that would have been stored there is pushed down and recorded in sector 4 Sector 4 then effectively becomes sector 3 as sequential sectors are pushed down across the entire drive The first pare sector makes up for the loss of sector 3 and so maintains the sequential order of data This push down method assures maximum performance On the Fly Hardware Error Correction Code ECC 5 symbols sngle burst guaranteed Software ECC Correction 22 symbols single burst guaranteed Automatic Park and Lock Operation Immediately following power down dynamic braking of the spinning disks delays momentarily allowing the read write heads to move to an inner mechanical stop A small fixed magnet holds the rotary actuator in place as the disk spins down The rotary actuator is released only when power is again applied PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Cache Management Buffer Segmentation The data buffer is organized into two segments the data buffer and the micro controller scratch pad The data buffer is dynamically allocated for read and write data depending on the commands received A variable num
67. ocessor CPU to a computing problem where each CPU works on a separate problem or separate segment of that problem Also referred to as parallel processing parity A simple method of data error detections that always makes numbers either odd or even using an extra bit in which the total number of binary 1s or Os in a byte is always odd or always even thus in an odd parity scheme every byte has eight bits of data and one parity bit If using odd parity and the number of 1 bits comprising the byte of data is not odd the ninth or parity bit is set to 1 to create the odd parity In this way a byte of data can be checked for accurate transmission by simply counting the bits for an odd parity indication If the count is ever even an error is indicated partition A logical section of a disk drive each of which becomes a logical device with a drive letter peak shift The shifting in time of the zero slope portion of a readback voltage from the values contained in the write current waveform Sometimes incorrectly used to describe bit jitter peripheral equipment Auxiliary memory displays printers and other equipment usually attached to a computer system s CPU by controllers and cables They are often packaged ogether in a desktop computer phase locked loop PLL A circuit whose output locks onto and tracks the requency of an input signal Sometimes incorrectly called a data separator phase margin Measure in degr
68. or the data address mark of the requested sector The data address mark must be recognized within a specified number of bytes or the Data Address M ark Not Found error will be reported Assuming the data address mark is found The data field is read into the sector buffer Error bits are set if an error was encountered The DRQ bit is set An interrupt is generated FPWNP The DRQ bit is always set regardless of the presence or absence of an error condition after the sector Upon command completion the Command Block registers contain the numbers of the cylinder head and sector of the last sector read Back to back sector read commands set DRQ and generate an interrupt when the sector buffer is filled at the completion of each sector The drive is then ready for the data to be read by the host DRQ is reset and BSY is set immediately when the host empties the sector buffer If an error occurs during R ead Sector commands the read terminates at the sector where the error occurred The host may then read the Command Block to determine the nature of that error and the sector where it happened If the error type is a correctable or an non correctable data error the flawed data is loaded into the sector buffer A Read Long command sets the Long bit in the command code and returns the data and the ECC bytes in the data field of the specified sector During a R ead Long the drive does not check the ECC bytes to determine if there has been a data
69. orage Auxiliary memory used in conjunctions with main memory generally having a large on line storage capacity megabyte MB A unit of measure approximately one million bytes actually 1 048 576 bytes or 10E6 memory Any device or storage system capable of storing and retrieving information See also storage definitions microcomputer A computer whose central processing unit is a microprocessor It is usually but not necessarily desktop size microprocessor A central processing unit CPU manufactured as a chip or a small number of chips GLOSSARY missing pulse A term used in surface certification It is when a prerecorded signal is reduced in amplitude by a certain specified percentage modified frequency modulation MFM A method of encoding digital data signals for recording on magnetic media Also called three frequency recording Recording code that only uses synchronizing clock pulse if data bits are not present Doubles the lineal bit density without increasing the lineal flux reversal density compared to Frequency Modulation modified modified frequency modulation MMFM A recording code similar to MFM that has a longer run length limited distance modulation 1 Readback voltage fluctuation usually related to the rotational period of a disk 2 A recording code such as FM MFM or RLL to translate between flux reversals and bits or bytes non return to zero A form of data encoding t
70. paring all saved attribute values with their corresponding warranty failure thresholds If no thresholds are exceeded the drive is declared to have a positive health status If any warranty failure threshold is exceeded the drive is declared to have a negative health status Executing this sub command results in all attribute values being saved to non volatile storage on the device DBh Enable Disable Automatic Off Line To enable this feature set the Sector Count register to F1h or 0 to disable SECTION 8 Service and Support Service Policy If a customer discovers a defect in a Maxtor hard drive Maxtor will at its option repair or replace the disk drive at no charge to the customer provided it is returned during the warranty period Drives must be properly packaged in Maxtor packaging or Maxtor approved packaging to obtain warranty service Any unauthorized repairs or adjustments to the drive void the warranty To consistently provide our customers with the best possible products and services Maxtor developed the Total Customer Satisfaction TCS program Through the ongoing TCS process Maxtor employees take direct responsibility for every customer s level of satisfaction with Maxtor technology price quality delivery service and support No Quibble Service Another TCS feature is Maxtor s No Quibble Service policy By minimizing paperwork and processing No Quibble Service dramatically cuts the turnaround time norm
71. r HDA Components Drive Mechanism R otary Actuator R ead W rite Electronics R ead W rite H eads and M edia Air Filtration System M icroprocessor Subsystem Configuration Dual Drive Support Cable Select O ption Jumper Location Configuration Cylinder Limitation kA k k k RPP PHP HY 1 1 NNNNRPRP PPB NNN NNN NN NN NN FA FA FA FA FA FA FA FA FA FA NN NNN DN EN 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 D 1 1 DNA On On On Om UUM UNUM Om mn A A A A SS GO GO GO DI 4 FA FA FA FA FA FA FA DIAMONDMAX VL 20PRODUCT MANUAL Section 3 Product Specifications Models and Capacities Drive Configuration Performance Specifications Physical Dimensions Power R equirements Power Mode Definitions Spin up Seek R ead W rite Idle Standby Sleep EPA Energy Star Compliance Environmental Limits Shock and Vibration Reliability Specifications Annual R eturn R ate Quality Acceptance R ate Start Stop Cycles Data R eliability Component Design Life EMC EMI EMC Compliance Canadian Emissions Statement Safety R egulatory Compliance Section 4 Handling and Installation Pre formatted Drive Important N otice Hard Drive Handling Precautions Electro Static Discharge ESD Unpacking and Inspection R epacking Physical Installation Before You Begin Please R ead Handling Precautions Tools for Installation Drive Identification Information Capacity Barriers Protecting Y our Existing Data General R equirements System Hardware R equirements BIOS R equirements
72. r address allocation A process of assigning designated areas of the disk to particular files alternate track A spare track used in the event that a normal track becomes damaged or is unusable analog A signal or system that does not use digital states to convey information A signal may have any number of significant states values contrasted to digital signals which can only have two states ANSI American National Standards Institute application program A sequence of programmed instructions that tell the computer how to perform some end user task such as accounting or word processing areal density Bit density bits per inch multiplied by track density tracks per inch or bits per square inch asymmetry A distortion of the readback signal which is shown in different intervals between the positive and negative voltage peaks auxiliary memory Memory other than main memory generally a mass storage subsystem containing disk drives and backup tape drives controller s and buffer memory also called peripheral memory average access time The average time to make all possible length accesses seeks average seek time The average time to make all possible length seeks A typical measure of performance GLOSSARY bad block A block that cannot store data because of a media flaw bit An abbreviation for binary digit of which there are two 0 and 1 A bit is the basic data unit of most digital
73. r data data transfer rate In a disk or tape drive the rate at which data is transferred to or from the storage media It is usually given in thousands of bits per second Kbit second or millions of bits per second Mbit second dedicated landing zone A designated radial zone on the disk where contact starting and stopping occur by design dedicated servo A servo scheme in which a prerecorded pattern on an otherwise unused disk surface provides position information to the servo circuitry by means of a head reading that surface defect A magnetic imperfection in a recording surface defect management A general methodology of avoiding data errors on a recording surface by avoiding the use of known bad areas of media Usually defective sectors or tracks are retired and data are written in alternate locations Several algorithms are possible such as sector slipping or spare sector per track defect map A list of defects that fall within a pass fail criteria of a user This list is usually used by an operating system or a disk drive controller for defect management defect skipping A defect management scheme for avoiding surface defects It has data written before and after the defect instead of using alternate tracks or sectors to avoid use of the defective area density Generally recording density See areal bit and storage density DC erase The method of erasing a track using a DC write erase curren
74. r less is a 486 DX 66 M Hz system For drives larger than 8 4 GB we recommend a Pentium class system BIOS Requirements System BIOS dated priorto September 1997 do not support drives greater than 8 4 GB To obtain the full capacity ofa drive largerthan 8 4 GB upgrade the BIOS install a BIOS enhancercard orusethe M axBlastinstallationsoftw are version 9 06or new er Ultra Direct Memory Access UDMA UDMA mode on a Maxtor hard drive will only activate when the drive is installed in a system with full UDM A capability i e a mother board or interface card with the UDMA chips and the associated UDMA software drivers OS Requirements for Large Capacity Hard Drives A full installation of the Windows 95 operating system is required for hard drives larger than 8 4 GB when the drive is a Primary M aster An upgrade to Windows 95 from Windows 3 11 and or the DOS operating system will not support drive capacities greater than 8 4 GB when the drive is a Primary M aster 3 Hard Drive Identification IDE stands for Integrated Drive Electronics and EIDE is Enhanced IDE The IDE or EIDE interface is designed to support two devices typically hard drives ona single ribbon cable through one 40 pin connector on the mother board or interface card Some mother boards and interface cards may have a second IDE EIDE connector to support two additional IDE devices The IDE EIDE interface is identified as a primary or secondary interface In systems with only
75. r s Writes from 1 to 256 sectors beginning at a sector specified in the Command Block A sector count of 0 requests 256 sectors When the Command register is written the drive sets the DRQ bit and waits for the host to fill the sector buffer with the data to be written An interrupt is not generated to start the first buffer fill operation Once the buffer is full the drive resets DRQ sets BSY and begins command execution If the drive is not already on the desired track an implied seek is performed The data loaded in the buffer is written to the data field of the sector followed by the ECC bytes U pon command completion the Command Block registers contain the cylinder head and sector number of the last sector written The next time the buffer is ready to be filled during back to back W rite Sector commands DR Q is set and an interrupt is generated After the host fills the buffer DR Q is reset and BSY is set If an error occurs W rite Sector operations terminate at the sector containing the error The Command Block registers then contain the numbers of the cylinder head and sector where the error occurred The hog may read the Command Block to determine the nature of that error and on which sector it happened A Write Long may be executed by setting the Long bit in the command code The W rite Long command writes the data and the ECC bytes directly from the sector buffer the drive itself does not generate the ECC bytes R est
76. rack The smallest addressable unit of storage on a disk Tracks are made of sectors sector pulse signal A digital signal pulse present in hard sectored drives which indicates the beginning of a sector Embedded servo pattern or other prerecorded information may be present on the disk when sector is active seek A random access operation by the disk drive The act of moving a set of read write heads so that one of them is over the desired cylinder The actuator or positioner moves the heads to the cylinder containing the desired track and sector seek complete signal A digital signal level which indicates that the positioner is not moving and is located over a cylinder or offset position seek time The amount of time between when a step pulse or seek command is issued until the head settles onto the desired cylinder Sometimes is measured without settling times sequential access The writing or reading of data in a sequential order such as reading data blocks stored one after the other on magnetic tape This is contrasted to random access of information servo burst A momentary servo pattern used in embedded servo control systems usually positioned between sectors or at the end of a track servo control A technique by which the speed or position of a moving device is forced into conformity with a desired or standard speed or position servo head A magnetic head designed specifically for accurately reading servo dat
77. rd or interface card support DOS based operating systems do not support this interrupt and are limited to a maximum drive size that they can format and access of 8 4 GB It is not possible to upgrade from a DOS operating system to Windows 95 and obtain the full capacity of a drive larger than 8 4 GB Setting the BIOS CMOS The SETUP BIOS program identifies the system configuration information e g floppy disk drives hard disk drives video etc used to identify devices attached to the computer during system boot This includes the information about what kind and how many IDE hard drives are attached to the system IMPORTANT Please Note Major BIOS manufacturers like AMI Award and Phoenix provide their core BIOS programs to system board manufacturers and OEM s who have the capability of making modifications to some of the descriptions and definitions to meet their unique requirements These changes include but are not limited to how to access the BIOS the appearance of the information on the screens and the location of parameters within the BIOS Refer to the system or BIOS manufacturers documentation or contact the system manufacturer for the correct procedure to enter the BIOS setup program for your computer Some manufacturers may use their own unique BIOS definitions and configurations and will also have their own methods for accessing and setting the BIOS If you have a system that uses such a unique BIOS refer to the system user s manual
78. reen prompts to complete the hard drive installation INSTALLATION 9 System Hangs During Boot If the system hangs during the boot process after installing the M axtor hard drive either before or after setting the system BIOS the system many have a BIOS with a cylinder limitation This may occur for hard drives that exceed 2 1 GB If this happens do the following L Turn the system OFF 2 Install the cylinder limitation jumper J 46 on the drive The figure below shows the M axtor hard drive configured as a M aster or Slave device with the cylinder limitation jumper installed IM PORTANT When the Cylinder Limitation jumper J 46 is installed the M axtor hard drive must be prepared using M axBlast installation software Certain OS s e g Windows NT Novell do not support this option You will have to install the drive on a system that has a BIOS that supports the capacity of the drive when installing these OS s Master Device Slave Device Cable Select 7 7 LBL 2 7 E E E E E E E 7 m 7 m A8 4 SC 450 JAS J46 J44 J42 B0 J48 J46 J44 J42 0 Je JAG 4 JA42 A AAAA AAAA GOPDGOGODGDO ie 200g COPA EIDE Interface Connector J1 Jumpers Power Connector J2 3 If the B
79. rict W rite Long commands to PIO Mode 0 Write Verify Sector s Identical to the Write Sector s command except that the requested sectors are verified immediately after being written The verify operation reads without transferring and checks for data errors Any errors encountered during this operation are reported Write Sector Buffer Allows the host to overwrite the contents of the drive s sector buffer with a selected data pattern When this command is received the drive Sets BSY Sets up the sector buffer for a write operation Sets DRQ R esets BSY and Generates an interrupt H P bit The host may then write up to 256 words of data to the buffer A disk write task begins to store the host data to disk Host write commands continue to be accepted and data transferred to the buffer until either the write command stack is full or the data buffer is full The drive may reorder write commands to optimize drive throughput INTER FACECOMMANDS Write Multiple Performs similarly to the Write Sector s command except that 1 The controller sets BSY immediately upon receipt of the command 2 Data transfers are multiple sector blocks and 3 The Long bit and R etry bit is not valid Command execution differs from W rite Sector s because 1 Several sectors transfer to the host as a block without intervening interrupts 2 DRQ qualification of the transfer is required at the start of the block not on each sector The b
80. rive design allows greater shock tolerance than that afforded by larger heavier drives The drive may be mounted in any attitude using four size 6 32 screws with 1 8 inch maximum penetration and a maximum torque of 5 inch pounds See Figure 3 1 for mounting dimengons Allow adequate ventilation to the drive to ensure reliable operation INSTALLATION 1 Before You Begin IMPORTANT PLEASE READ Please read this Installation Sheet completely before installing the M axtor hard drive It gives general information for installing a M axtor hard drive in a typical computer system If you don t understand the installation steps have a qualified computer technician install the hard drive Handling Precautions If the handling precautions are not followed damage to the hard drive may result which may void the warranty Allow the hard drive to reach room temperature BEFORE installing it in your computer system Hard drives are sensitive to electrostatic discharge ESD damage Handle the drive by its sides DO NOT touch the printed circuit board assembly NEVER drop jar or bump the drive DON T connect disconnect any drive cables when the power is on DON T use anylow level formatting softw are on this drive System Requirements DE ATinterface Foroptimal performance M axtorrecommends N Pentium class processor N Windows 95 orhigher N Ultra DM A capable system Tools for Installation The following tools are needed to complet
81. rns to the IDLE MODE A value of zero placed in the sector count register will disable the Automatic Power Down sequence Idle 97h E3h Spin up and change time out value This command will spin up the spin motor if the drive is soun down If the drive is already spinning the spin up sequence is not executed A non zero value placed in the Sector Count register will enable the Automatic Power Down sequence and their timer will begin counting down immediately A value of zero placed in the Sector Count register will disable the Automatic Power Down sequence The actuator is parked and some circuits are powered off Check Power Mode 98h E5h This command returns a code in the Sector Count register that determines the current Power M ode status of the drive If the drive is in going to or recovering from the STANDBY MODE the drive sets the Sector Count register to OOh If the drive isin the IDLE MODE or ACTIVE MODE the drive sets the Sector Count register to FFh Set Sleep Mode 99h E6h This command will spin the drive down and cause the drive to enter the SLEEP MODE immediately If the drive is already soun down the spin down sequence is not executed N ote The only way to recover from SLEEP MODE is with a software reset or a hardware reset Default Power on Condition The drive s default power on condition is the ACTIVE MODE Upon receiving a Power Mode command except the SLEEP MODE command the drive sets BSY and performs the requ
82. roller reports disk errors encountered during R ead Multiple commands at the start of the block or partial block transfer However DRQ still sets and the transfer occurs normally along with the transfer of any corrupt data R emaining block data from the following the sector in error is not valid If the Sector Count register contains 0 when the Set M ultiple M ode command is issued R ead Multiple and Write Multiple commands are disabled no error is returned Once the appropriate action has been taken the controller resets BSY and generates an interrupt At power up or after a hardware or software reset R ead Multiple and Write Multiple commands are disabled by default INTER FACECOMMANDS Set Multiple Mode Enables the controller to perform R ead and Write Multiple operations and establishes the block count for these commands Before issuing this command the Sector Count register should be loaded with the number of sectors per block The drives support block sizes of 2 4 8 and 16 sectors W hen this command is received the controller sats BSY and examines the Sector Count register contents If they contain a valid and supported block count value that value is loaded for all subsequent R ead and Write Multiple commands and execution of those commands is enabled An invalid and unsupported block count in the register results in an Aborted Command error and disallows R ead Multiple and Write M ultiple commands Write Commands Write Secto
83. rting cylinder for disk operation Device Head Register U sed to specify the drive and head number to be operated on during any disk operations Within the context of a Set Parameters command this register specifies the maximum number of heads on the drive Bit definitions follow 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 LBA 1 DRV HS3 HS2 HS1 HSO Drive Head Head Head Mode Select Select Select Select Select Select LBA Mode Enabling this bit for commands not supported by LBA mode will abort the selected command When set the Task File registercontents are defined as follows forthe Read Write and translate command CONTENTS LBA BITS Sector Number 0 7 Cylinder Low 8 15 Cylinder High 16 23 Drive Head 24 27 Drive Select Set to 0 to select the master drive set to 1 to select the slave drive Head Select Specifies the binary coded address of the head to be selected Status Register Contains results of the last command executed and the drive s status The other seven T ask File registers may be read only when bit 7 BU SY of the Status register is low R eading any of the Task File registers when BUSY is high returns the value of the Status register R eading the Status register also clears any interrupt request to the host Bit definitions follow 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 BUSY DRDY DF DSC DRO 0 0 ERR Controller Device Device Device Seek Data Error Busy Ready Fault Complete Request Controller Bu
84. s tape drives and optical disk drives to the input output circuits of a host computer Controllers vary in complexity with more sophisticated units able to buffer and schedule commands correct data errors and bypass media defects without host intervention controller A miniature CPU dedicated to controlling a peripheral device such as a disk drive tape drive video display terminal or printer The controller executes commands from the central processing unit and reissues commands to the peripheral device correctable error An error that can be overcome by the use of Error Detection and Correction cylinder On several disk surfaces sharing a common rotational axis the aggregate of tracks at a given radial position A set of disk tracks that are simultaneously under the set of read write heads This three dimensional storage volume can be accessed after a single seek cylinder zero The outermost cylinder in a drive that can be used for data storage data An ordered collection of information In a specific case it is the information processed by a computer data separator An electronic circuit which decodes playback data and produces separate clock and data bits Sometimes incorrectly used to denote data synchronizer data synchronizer An electronic circuit producing a clock signal that is synchronous with the incoming data stream This clock signal is then used to decode the recording code being used into use
85. s DC direct drive motor rotates the spindle at 5 400 RPM 0 1 The dynamically balanced motor spindle assembly ensures minimal mechanical run out to the disks A dynamic brake provides a fast stop to the spindle motor upon power removal The speed tolerance includes motor performance and motor circuit tolerances Rotary Actuator All DiamondM ax VL 20 drives employ a rotary voice coil actuator which consists of a moving coil an actuator arm assembly and stationary magnets The actuator moves on a low mass low friction center shaft The low friction contributes to fast access times and low power consumption Read Write Electronics An integrated circuit mounted within the sealed head disk assembly near the read write heads provides up to eight head selection depending on the model read pre amplification and write drive circuitry Read Write Heads and Media Low mass low force giant magneto resistive read write heads record data on 3 5 inch diameter disks M axtor uses a sputtered thin film medium on all disks for DiamondM ax VL 20 drives Air Filtration System All DiamondM ax VL 20 drives are assembled in a Class 100 controlled environment O ver the life of the drive a 0 1 micron filter and breather filter located within the sealed head disk assembly HDA maintain a clean environment to the heads and disks Diamond ax VL 20 drives are designed to operate in a typical office environment with minimum environmental control Microproc
86. s to the host are disabled Any pending interrupt occurs when the bit is set to 0 The default state of this bit after power up is O interrupt enabled Digital Input Register Contains information about the state of the drive Bit definitions follow 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 x WG HS3 HS2 HS1 HSO DS1 DSO Reserved Head Head Head Head Drive Drive Gate Select 3 Select 2 Select 1 Select 0 Select 1 Select 0 Bit 7 of the host data bus is not driven when this register is read Write Gate Reflects the state of the active low write gate signal on the drive Head Select 3 through Head Select 0 Represents the ones complement of the currently selected head number Drive Select 1 Is 0 if drive 1 selected 1 otherwise Drive Select 0 Is 0 if drive 0 selected 1 otherwise HOST SOFTWAREINTER FACE Reset and Interrupt Handling Reset Handling One of three different conditions may cause a reset power on hardware reset or software reset All three cause the interface processor to initialize itself and the T ask File registers of the interface A reset also causes a set of the Busy bit in the Status register The Busy bit does not clear until the reset clears and the drive completes initialization Completion of a reset operation does not generate a host interrupt T ask File registers are initialized as follows Error Sector Count Sector Number Cylinder Low Cylinder High Drive Head OOOrFRrFF Interrupt Handling Th
87. second DMA direct memory access MSB most significant bit ECC error correction code mV millivolts fci flux changes per inch ns nanoseconds G acceleration PIO programmed input output GB gigabyte RPM revolutions per minute Hz hertz tpi tracks per inch KB kilobyte UDMA ultra direct memory access LBA logical block address ing usec microsecond LSB least significant bit V volts mA milliamperes W watts DIAMONDMAX VL 20 INTRODUCTION Conventions If there is a conflict between text and tables the table shall be accepted as being correct Key Words The names of abbreviations commands fields and acronyms used as signal names are in all uppercase type e g IDENTIFY DRIVE Fields containing only one bit are usually referred to as the name bit instead of the name field N ames of drive registers begin with a capital letter e g Cylinder High register Numbering N umbers that are not followed by a lowercase b or h are decimal values N umbers that are followed by a lowercase b e g 01b are binary values Numbers that are followed by a lowercase h eg 3Ah are hexadecimal values Signal Conventions Signal names are shown in all uppercase type All signals are either high active or low active signals A dash character at the end of a sgnal name indicates that the signal is low active A low active signal is true when it is below ViL and is fa
88. shows three valid jumper settings for M axtor hard drives Master Slave and Cable Select M axtor hard drives can be set as either a M aster or a Slave device There are no other jumpers to set when the M axtor drive is installed on the same ribbon cable with another IDE device Master Device Slave Device Cable Select H Geet Es Es m m u Ar es WLP amp 4 MEG AV ei ci SS Po Je J46 J44 J42 b Po Je J46 J44 J42 b Po JAS Je J44 J42 2009009009 EE 6222 AAKA EIDE Interface Connector J1 Jumpers Power Connector J2 Rear View of Maxtor Hard Drive Master Slave and Cable Select Settings INSTALLATION Before installing the drive in the computer you must determine how the jumpers on the M axtor hard drive are to be set for your system based upon the use of the M axtor hard drive as either a M aster or Slave device Maxtor hard drives are shipped with the M aster jumper setting enabled IMPORTANT If a M axtor hard drive is being added to a system on the same cable with an existing IDE device it may be necessary to re configure the jumpers on the existing device to insure that the system will properly recognize both devices Information regarding the correct jumper configurations on other IDE devices is available in their product documentat
89. sides and avoid touching the printed circuit board assembly PCBA Hard drives are sensitive to electrostatic discharge ESD damage Use proper ESD practices by grounding yourself and the computer system the hard drive will be installed in Allow the hard drive to reach room temperature BEFORE installing it in your computer system NEVER switch DC power onto the drive by plugging an electrically live DC source cable into the drive s connector NEVER connect a live connector to the hard drive s IDE interface connector Electro Static Discharge ESD To avoid some of the problems associated with ESD Maxtor advises that anyone handling a disk drive ue a wrist strap with an attached wire connected to an earth ground Failure to observe these precautions voids the product warranty Manufacturers frequently experience unsolved component hardware malfunctions often caused by ESD To reduce the incidence of ESD related problems M axtor recommends that any electronics manufacturing plans include a comprehensive ESD program the basc elements and functions of which are outlined here ESD Program Element ESD Program F undion M anagement Institute and maintain Chief coordinator O rganize and enforce M ulti department committee Evaluate and improve Employee training E ducte and inform ESD program supplies typically include wrist and foot worn grounding straps counter top and floor antistatic matting wrist trap testers ESD video and
90. sk capacity is increased with bit density management common with Zone Density Recording Each disk surface is divided into 16 circumferential zones All tracks within a given zone contain a constant number of data sectors The number of data sectors per track varies in different zones the outermost zone contains the largest number of data sectors and the innermost contains the fewest Read Write Multiple Mode This mode is implemented per ANSI ATA ATAPI 5 specification R ead W rite Multiple allows the host to transfer a set number of sectors without an interrupt request between them reducing transfer process overhead and improving host performance UltraDMA Mode 4 M axtor DiamondM ax VL 20 hard drives fully comply with the new ANSI Ultra DMA protocol which greatly improves overall AT interface performance by significantly improving burst and sustained data throughput Multi word DMA EISA Type B Mode 2 Supports multi word Direct Memory Access DMA EISA Type B mode transfers Sector Address Translation All DiamondM ax VL 20 drives feature a universal translate mode In an AT EISA class system the drive may be configured to any specified combination of cylinders heads and sectors within the range of the drive s formatted capacity DiamondM ax VL 20 drives power up in a trandate mode MODEL CYL HD SPT LZone WPcom MAX LBA CAPACITY 92041U4 39 703 16 63 40 020 624 20 490 MB 91531U3 29 777 16 63 30 015 216 1
91. surface certification It is when a flux field discontinuity remains after the recording surface is erased thereby producing an electrical output of a read head passing over the area with the discontinuity An extra pulse occurs when the electrical output is larger than a specified threshold feedback In a closed loop system the output signal from the servo head is used to modify the input signal to the positioner fetch A read operation and its related data transfer operations file allocation table FAT Allocates space on the disk for files one cluster at a time locks out unusable clusters identifies unused free area and lists a file s location With two FAT s present the second copy ensures consistency and protects against loss of data if one of the sectors on the first FAT is damaged flux changes per inch Synonymous with frpi flux reversals per inch Only in MFM recording does 1 fci equal 1 bpi bit per inch In run length limited encoding schemes generally 1 fci equals 1 5 bpi format In a disk drive the arrangement of data on a storage media A standard 5 25 inch disk format consists of 17 26 or 36 sectors per track and 512 bytes of data per sector plus identification error correction and other bytes necessary for accessing and synchronizing data formatted capacity The actual capacity available to store data in a mass storage device The formatted capacity is the gross capacity less the c
92. sy Goes active when a command is written to the Command register indicating controller task execution After a command this bit resets Device Ready Indicates that the drive is ready for commands If drive ready is not present all commands abort Device Fault Indicates the drive s detection of a write fault condition causing all commands to abort Device Seek Complete Signifies a seek completion and that the drive is on track Data Request Indicates that the drive s sector buffer is ready for data transfer Error The Error bit sets when the previous command has completed with a non recoverable error Command Register HOST SOFTWAR EINTER FACE Contains code for the command to be performed Additional command information should be written to the task file before the Command register is loaded When this register is written the BUSY bit in the Status register sets and interrupt request to the host clears invalid commands abort Detailed information on interface commands is given in Section 7 Hex values for valid command formats follow Read Commands Read Sector s 20h Normal reads retries enabled 21h Normal reads retries disabled 22h Read Long retries enabled 23h Read Long retries disabled Read Verify Sector s 40h Retries enabled 41h Retries disabled Read Sector Buffer E4h Read Multiple C4h Read DMA C8h C9h No retries Write Commands Write Sector s 30h Normal writes retries enabled 31h Normal wri
93. t ID Not Aborted Track 0 Address CRC ECC Error Used Not Found Used Command Error Mark Not Found Interface CRC An interface CRC error occurred during an Ultra DMA transfer Data ECC Error An non correctable ECC error occurred during a Read Sector command Firmware Problem Indicates a firmware problem was detected e g invalid interrupt divide overflow ID Not Found Either a matching ID field not found or a CRC error occurred Aborted Command Invalid commands write fault no seek complete or drive not ready Track O Error Track 0 was not found during execution of a Restore command Address Mark Not Found The Address Mark could not be found after an ID match Features Register Enables or disables features through the Set Features command HOST SOFTWAREINTER FACE Sector Count Register H olds the number of sectors to be sent during a R ead or Write command and the number of sectors per track during a Format command A value of zero in this register implies a transfer of 256 sectors A multi sector operation decrements the Sector Count register If an error occurs during such an operation this register contains the remaining number of sectors to be transferred Sector Number Register Holds the starting sector number for any disk operation The register is updated as each sector is processed in a multi sector operation Cylinder Number Registers Two 8 bit Cylinder Number registers Low and High specify the sta
94. t through either a Read Write or Erase head digital Any system that processes digital binary signals having only values of a 1 or 0 usually in bits and bytes rather than analog signals signals that can have many values digital magnetic recording See magnetic recording direct access Access directly to memory location See random access direct memory access DMA A mean of data transfer between the device and host memory without processor intervention directory A listing of files maintained by the disk operation system DOS or a data base management system to enable a user to quickly access data files disk A flat circular piece of metal usually aluminum or plastic usually mylar with a magnetic coating upon which information can be recorded See for example floppy disk or Winchester disk disk drive or disk memory device The total electromechanical storage device containing disks and read write heads head positioning mechanism drive motor and electronics disk pack A number of metal disks packaged in a canister for removal from the disk drive predecessor of Winchester technology disk operating system DOS The master computer system program that schedules tasks allocates the computer system resources controls accesses to mass storage devices manages files and so forth Typical disk operating systems include CP M MS DOS and UNIX disk storage Auxiliary memory system containing disk
95. tes retries disabled 32h Write Long retries enabled 33h Write Long retries disabled Write Verify Sector s 3Ch Write Sector Buffer E8h Write Multiple C5h Write DMA CAh CBh No retries Mode Set Check Commands Set Features EFh Set Multiple Mode C h Power Mode Commands Standby Immediate 94 EOh Stops drive spindle do not change time out value Idle Immediate 95 E1h Starts spindle do not change time out value Standby 96 E2h Stops spindle change time out value Idle 97 E3h Starts spindle change time out value Check Power Mode 98 E5h Set Sleep Mode 99 E6h Initialization Commands Identify Drive ECh Initialize Drive Parameters 91h Re calibrate 1xh Seek Format and Diagnostic Commands Seek 7xh Format Track 50h Execute Drive Diagnostic 90h S M A R T Commands Execute S M A R T BOh HOST SOFTWAREINTERFACE Summary COMMAND NAME COMMAND CODE PARAMETERS USED b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b F SC SN SDH Recalibrate 0 0 0 D x x x N N N D Read Sector s 0 0 0 0 0 L D Y Y Y Y Read DMA 1 0 0 1 0 0 x kg Y y Write Sector s 0 0 0 0 L x Y K Y y Write DMA 1 0 0 1 0 1 D Y Y Y Y Write Verify Sector s 0 0 1 1 0 0 Y Y Y Y Read Verify Sector s 0 0 0 0 0 0 D Y Y Y Y Format Track 0 0 0 0 0 0 Y Y Seek 0 D D D x Y Y Y Execute Diagnostic 0 0 0 0 0 0 D nitialize Parameters 0 0 0 0 0 1 Y Y Read Sector Buffer 0 0 1 0 0
96. to one 3 0 reserved 88 Ultra DMA 5 13 Reserved 2 Ultra DMA mode 4 is selected 0 Ultra DMA mode is not selected 1 Ultra DMA mode 3 is selected 0 Ultra DMA mode 3 is not selected 0 Ultra DMA mode 2 is selected 0 Ultra DMA mode 2 is not selected 9 Ultra DMA mode 1 is selected 0 Ultra DMA mode 1 is not selected 8 Ultra DMA mode 0 is selected 0 Ultra DMA mode 0 is not selected 7 5 Reserved 4 1 Ultra DMA mode 4 and below are supported 3 Ultra DMA mode 3 and below are supported 2 1 Ultra DMA mode 2 and below are supported 1 1 Ultra DMA mode 1 and below are supported 0 1 Ultra DMA mode 0 is supported 127 Reserved 128 Security Status 15 9 Reserved 8 Security Level 0 High 1 Maximum 7 5 Reserved 4 Security count expired 3 Security frozen 2 1 Security locked 1 Security enabled 0 Security supported 129 130 Reserved 131 Spin at power up but 0 is asserted when no spin at power up is enabled 132 159 Maxtorspecific not used 160 255 Reserved INTER FACECOMMANDS INTER FACECOMMANDS Initialize Drive Parameters Enables the drive to operate as any logical drive type The drive will always be in the translate mode because of Zone Density Recording which varies the number of sectors per track depending on the zone Through setting the Sector Count R egister and Drive H ead R egister this command lets the host alter the drive s logical configuration As a result the drive can operate as an
97. troy a portion of the media and or the head head disk assembly HDA The mechanical portion of a rigid fixed disk drive It usually includes disks heads spindle motor and actuator head loading zone The non data area on the disk set aside for the controlled takeoff and landing of the Winchester heads when the drive is turned on and off Dedicated annulus on each disk surface in which heads are loaded unloaded or flying height is established Head disk contact may occur in some instances no data is recorded in this area head positioner Also known as actuator a mechanism that moves the arms that carry read write heads to the cylinder being accessed index Similar to a directory but used to establish a physical to logical cross reference Used to update the physical disk address tracks and sectors of files and to expedite accesses inside diameter The smallest radial position used for the recording and playback of flux reversals on a magnetic disk surface GL 4 initialization Applying input patterns or instructions to a device so that all operational parameters are at a known value input Data entering the computer to be processed also user commands input output I O The process of entering data into or removing data from a computer system or a peripheral device intelligent peripheral A peripheral device that contains a processor or microprocessor to enable it to interpret and execute commands
98. ues only one interrupt per command to indicate that data transfer has terminated at status is available Ultra DMA With the Ultra DMA Write protocol the control signal H STR OBE that latches data from D D 15 0 is generated by the devices which drives the data onto the bus Ownership of DD 15 0 and this data strobe signal are given to the host for an Ultra DMA data out burst During an Ultra DMA Write burs the host always moves data onto the bus and after a sufficient time to allow for propagation delay cable settling and setup time the sender shall generate a HSTROBE edge to latch the data Both edges of HSTROBE are used for data transfers Any error encountered during Write DMA execution results in the termination of data transfer The drive issues an interrupt to indicate that data transfer has terminated and status is available in the error register The error posting is the same as that of the Write Sector s command INTER FACECOMMANDS Set Feature Commands Set Features Mode Enables or disables features supported by the drive When the drive receives this command it Sets BSY Checks the contents of the Features register Clears BSY and Generates an interrupt S tz If the value of the register is not a feature supported by the drive the command is aborted The acceptable values in the Features register are defined as follows VALUE DESCRIPTION 02h Enabled write cache 03h Set transfer
99. usly recorded data To sense the presence of flux reversals on magnetic media Usually implemented such that a dynamic flux amplitude will cause a proportional electrical output from the transducer read gate signal A digital input signal which causes the drive circuitry to recover data read only memory ROM A form of memory which cannot be changed in formal operational modes Many different types are available RAM is used for permanent information storage Computer control programs are often stored in ROM applications read write head The recording element which writes data to the magnetic media and reads recorded data from the media re calibrate The action of moving the head of a disk drive to cylinder zero recoverable error A read error transient or otherwise falling within the capability of an ECC mechanism to correct or able to overcome by rereading the data in question rotational latency The amount of delay in obtaining information from a disk drive attributable to the rotation of the disk run length limited An encoding process that repositions data bits and limits the length of zero bits in order to compress information being stored on disks run length limited encoding A recording code Sometimes meant to denote 2 7 RLL which can signify 1 5 times the bits as MFM given the same number of flux reversals in a given lineal distance sector A logical segment of information on a particular t
100. values as specified in this standard are supported 0 values are Maxtor specific 12 reserved advanced PIO mode support 11 1 l ORDY supported 0 IORDY may be supported 10 1 IORDY can be disabled 9 8 reserved 7 0 not used INTER FACECOMMANDS WORD CONTENT DESCRIPTION 50 Reserved 51 15 8 PIO data transfer mode 7 0 not used 52 15 8 DMA data transfer mode 7 0 not used 53 15 reserved 2 1 the fields supported in words 88 are valid 0 the fields supported in words 88 are not valid 1 1 the fields reports in words 64 70 are valid O the fields reports in words 64 70 are not valid 0 1 the fields reports in words 54 58 are valid O the fields reports in words 54 58 are not valid 54 Number of current logical cylinders 55 Number of current logical heads 56 Number of logical sectors per track 57 58 Current capacity in sectors 59 15 9 reserved 8 1 multiple sector setting is valid 7 0xxh current setting for number of sectors that can per transferred per interrupt on Read Write Multiple command 60 61 Total number of user addressable sectors LBA mode only 62 Reserved 63 15 8 Multi word DMA transfer mode active 7 0 Multi word DMA transfer modes supported 64 15 8 reserved 7 0 advanced PIO transfer modes supported 65 Minimum multi word DMA transfer c
101. y equal to or less than capacity drive type Do not exceed the total number of sectors available on the drive W hen this command is executed the drive reads the Sector Counter R egister and the Drive Head R egister and so determines the number of the logical sectors per track and maximum logical head number per cylinder and will calculate the number of logical cylinders Upon receipt of the command the drive 1 Sets BSY 2 Saves the parameters 3 Resets BSY and 4 Generates an interrupt To specify maximum heads write 1 less than the maximum eg write 4 for a 5 head drive To specify maximum sectors specify the actual number of sectors e g 17 for a maximum of 17 sectorg track The sector count and head values are not checked for validity by this command If they are invalid no error will be posted until an illegal access is made by some other command M oves the read write heads from anywhere on the dix to cylinder 0 W hen this command is received the drive 1 Sets BSY and 2 Issues a seek to cylinder zero The drive waits for the seek to complete then the drive 1 Updates status 2 Resets BSY and 3 Generates an interrupt If the drive cannot reach cylinder 0 the Error bit is set in the Status register and the Track 0 bit is set in the Error register NOTE If a maximum head and sector number is selected such that the number of cylinders will eme 65 535 then the maximum qylinder value will be reduce
102. ycle time 15 0 cycle time in nanoseconds 66 Manufacturer s recommeded multi word DMA transfer cycle time 15 0 cycle time in nanoseconds 67 Minimum PIO transfer cycle time without flow control 15 0 cycle time in nanoseconds 68 Minimum PIO transfer cycle time with IORDY flow control 15 0 cycle time in nanoseconds 69 79 Reserved 80 15 6 reserved 5 1 supports ATA ATAPI 5 4 1 supports ATA ATAPI 4 3 1 supports ATA 3 2 1 supports ATA 2 1 1 supports ATA 1 0 reserved 81 Minor version number 82 Command set supported If words 82 and 83 0000h or FFFFh command set notification not supported 15 1 supports the Identify Device DMA command 14 1 supports the NOP command 13 1 supports the Write Buffer command 12 1 supports the Read Buffer command 11 1 supports the Read Buffer command 10 1 supports Host Protected Area feature set 9 1 supports the Device Reset command 8 1 supports Service Interupt 7 1 supports Release Interupt 6 1 supports Look Ahead 5 1 supports Write Cache 4 1 supports the Packet command feature set 3 1 supports the Power Management feature command 2 1 supports the Removable feature command 1 1 supports the Security featurecommand 0 1 supports the SMART feature set WORD CONTENT DESCR

Maxtor DIAMONDMAX VL20 User's Manual

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