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LSI MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 RAID Controller Series 520 User's Manual

1. Ground A 9 Table A 4 68 Pin Connector Pinout for LVD SCSI Cont Connector Cable Cable Connector Pin Pin Pin BSY 23 45 46 57 BSY ACK 24 47 48 58 ACK RST 25 49 50 59 RST MSG 26 51 52 60 MSG SEL 27 53 54 61 SEL C D 28 55 56 62 CID REQ 29 57 58 63 REQ 0 30 59 60 64 WO DB 8 31 61 62 65 DB 8 DB 9 32 63 64 66 DB 9 DB 10 33 65 66 67 DB 10 DB 11 34 67 68 68 DB 11 Note The conductor number refers to the conductor position when using flat ribbon cable SCSI Cables and Connectors Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Appendix B Audible Warnings The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 RAID controller has an onboard tone generator that indicates events and errors Note This is available only if the optional series 502 Battery Backup Unit BBU is installed Table B 1 Tone Pattern Three seconds on and one second off Meaning A logical drive is offline Audible Warnings and Descriptions Examples One or more drives in a RAID 0 configuration failed Two or more drives in a RAID 1 or 5 configuration failed One second on and one second off A logical drive is run ning in degraded mode One drive in a RAID 5 configura tion failed One second on and three seconds off An automatically initi ated rebuild has been completed MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Hardware G
2. 5 2 2 Creating Hot Spares 5 8 Any drive that is present formatted and initialized but is not included in a array or logical drive is automatically designated as a hot spare Configuring Physical Drives Arrays and Logical Drives Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved You can also designate drives as hot spares using the MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility the MegaRAID Manager or Power Console Plus 5 3 Creating Logical Drives Logical drives are arrays or spanned arrays that are presented to the operating system You must create one or more logical drives The logical drive capacity can include all or any portion of an array The logical drive capacity can also be larger than an array by using spanning The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 supports up to 40 logical drives 5 3 1 Configuration Strategies The most important factors in RAID array configuration are drive capacity drive availability fault tolerance and drive performance You cannot configure a logical drive that optimizes all three factors but it is easy to choose a logical drive configuration that maximizes one factor at the expense of the other two factors although needs are seldom that simple 5 3 1 1 Maximize Capacity RAID 0 achieves maximum drive capacity but does not provide data redundancy Maximum drive capacity for each RAID level is shown below OEM level firmware that can span up to 4 logical drives is assumed Table 5 4 descr
3. Table 7 3 Other BIOS Error Messages Message Problem Suggested Solution Following SCSI disk The physical disk roaming Reconfigure the array not found and no feature did not find the empty slot available physical disk with the for mapping it displayed SCSI ID No slot is available to map the physical drive MegaRAID cannot resolve the physical drives into the current configuration Following SCSI IDs The physical drive roaming Remove the drive or drives that should not have the same data y feature found the same data be used Zz on two or more physical drive Channel x a b c on channel x with SCSI IDs a b and c MegaRAID cannot determine the drive that has the duplicate information 7 4 Troubleshooting Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Table 7 3 Other BIOS Error Messages Cont Message Problem Suggested Solution Unresolved The configuration stored inthe 1 Press a key to run MegaRAID Manager configuration MegaRAID NVRAM does not 2 Select View Add Configuration from the mismatch between match the configuration stored Configure menu disks and NVRAM on on the drives Use View Add Configuration to examine the adapter both the configuration in NVRAM and the configuration stored on the disk drives Resolve the problem by selecting one of the configurations 7 4 Other Potential Problems Table 7 4 describes other potential problems Table 7 4 Other P
4. Maximum number of drives per channel 15 Array interface to host PCI 2 2 Drive interface Fast and Wide Ultra320 single ended and low voltage differential LVD Upgradeable cache size Cache memory onboard Cache function Write through write back adaptive read ahead no read ahead read ahead Multiple logical drives arrays per Up to 40 logical drives per controller controller Maximum number of MegaRAID SCSI 12 320 1 controllers per system Online capacity expansion Hot spare support 4 2 Features Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Table 4 1 Configuration Features Cont Specification Feature Flashable firmware Hot swap devices supported Non disk devices supported Mixed capacity hard disk drives Number of 16 bit internal connectors Number of 16 bit external connectors Support for hard disk drives with Yes capacities of more than 8 Gbytes Clustering support Failover control No Online RAID level migration Yes RAID remapping Yes No reboot necessary after expansion Yes More than 200 Qtags per physical drive Yes Hardware clustering support on the Yes board User specified rebuild rate Yes 4 4 Array Performance Features Table 4 2 lists the array performance features Table 4 2 Array Performance Features Specification Feature Host data transfer rate 533 Mbytes s Drive da
5. This is a character based utility that works in DOS Novell NetWare and Red Hat Linux See the MegaRAID Configuration Software Guide for additional information 4 11 Compatibility MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 compatibility issues include e Server management e SCSI device compatibility e Software compatibility 4 11 1 Server Management As a simple network management protocol SNMP agent MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 supports all SNMP managers 4 11 2 SCSI Device Compatibility MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 supports SCSI hard drives CD drives and tape drives 4 10 Features Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 4 11 3 Software All SCSI backup and utility software should work with MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 This software is not provided with MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Compatibility 4 11 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 4 12 Features Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Chapter 5 Configuring Physical Drives Arrays and Logical Drives This chapter explains how to configure SCSI physical drives arrays and logical drives connected to the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller It contains the following sections e Section 5 1 Configuring SCSI Physical Drives e Section 5 2 Configuring Arrays e Section 5 3 Creating Logical Drives e Section 5 4 Configuring Logical Drives e Section 5 5 Planning the Array Configuration 5 1 Configuring
6. RAID Migration Read Ahead Ready State Rebuild Rebuild Rate Reconstruct C 6 Redundant Array of Independent Disks A data storage method in which data along with parity information is distributed among two or more hard disks called an array to improve performance and reliability A RAID disk subsystem improves I O performance on a server using only a single drive The RAID array appears to the host server as a single storage unit I O is expedited because several disks can be accessed simultaneously A style of redundancy applied to a logical drive It can increase the performance of the logical drive and can decrease usable capacity Each logical drive must have a RAID level assigned to it The RAID level drive requirements are RAID 0 requires one or more physical drives RAID 1 requires exactly two physical drives RAID 5 requires at least three physical drives RAID levels 10 and 50 result when logical drives span arrays RAID 10 results when a RAID 1 logical drive spans arrays RAID 50 results when a RAID 5 logical drive spans arrays RAID migration is used to move between optimal RAID levels or to change from a degraded redundant logical drive to an optimal RAID 0 In Novell the utility used for RAID migration is MEGAMGR in Windows NT it is Power Console Plus If a RAID 1 array is being converted to a RAID 0 array instead of performing RAID migration one drive can be removed and the other reconfigured on the control
7. Rebuild Multiple rebuilds and consistency checks with user definable priority 4 10 RAID Management RAID management is provided by software utilities that manage and configure the RAID system and MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 create and manage multiple disk arrays control and monitor multiple RAID servers provide error statistics logging and provide online maintenance They include e MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility e WebBIOS Configuration Utility e Power Console Plus e MegaRAID Manager 4 10 1 MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility The BIOS Configuration Utility lt Ctrl gt lt M gt is used to configure and maintain RAID arrays format hard drives and manage the RAID system RAID Management 4 9 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved It is independent of any operating system See the MegaRAID Configuration Software Guide for additional information 4 10 2 WebBIOS Configuration Utility The WebBIOS Configuration Utility is an HTML based utility used to configure and maintain RAID arrays format hard drives and manage the RAID system See the MegaRAID Configuration Software Guide for additional information 4 10 3 Power Console Plus Power Console Plus runs in Windows NT 2000 XP and NET It configures monitors and maintains multiple RAID servers from any network node or a remote location See the MegaRAID Configuration Software Guide for additional information 4 10 4 MegaRAID Manager
8. 3 4 Figure 3 2 RAID 1 Array MegaRAID Controller Segment 1 Segment 1 Duplicated Segment 2 Segment 2 Duplicated Segment 3 Segment 3 Duplicated Segment 4 Segment 4 Duplicated RAID 5 includes disk striping at the byte level and parity In RAID 5 the parity information is written to several drives RAID 5 is best suited for networks that perform many small I O transactions simultaneously RAID 5 addresses the bottleneck issue for random I O operations Since each drive contains both data and parity numerous writes can take place concurrently In addition robust caching algorithms and hardware based RAID Levels Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved exclusive or assist make RAID 5 performance exceptional in many different environments Provides high data throughput especially for large files Use RAID 5 for transaction processing applications because each drive can read and write independently If a drive fails the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 uses the parity drive to recreate all missing information Use also for office automation and online customer service that requires fault tolerance Use for any application that has high read request rates but low write request rates Strong Points Provides data redundancy and good performance in most environments Weak Points Disk drive performance is reduced if a drive is being rebuilt Environments with few processes do not perform as well because
9. PROM Firmware often controls the behavior of a system when it is first turned on A typical example would be a monitor program in a computer that loads the full operating system from disk or from a network and then passes control to the operating system The FlexRAID Power Fail option allows a reconstruction to restart if a power failure occurs This is the advantage of this option The disadvantage is once the reconstruction is active the performance is slower because an additional activity is added The process of writing zeros to all data fields in a physical drive disk drive to map out unreadable or bad sectors Because most disk drives are factory formatted formatting is usually only done if a hard disk generates many media errors Gigabyte Shorthand for 1 000 000 000 10 to the ninth power bytes One Gbyte is equivalent to 1 000 Mbytes A disk array with an array management software in its host computer rather than in a disk subsystem C 3 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Host Computer Hot Spare Hot Swapping 1 O Driver Initialization Logical Disk Logical Drive Mapping C 4 Any computer to which disks are directly attached Mainframes servers workstations and personal computers can all be considered host computers A stand by disk drive ready for use if a drive in an array fails A hot spare does not contain any user data Up to eight disk drives can be assigned
10. of disk mirroring is that it provides 100 data redundancy Since the contents of the disk drive are completely written to a second drive it does not matter if one of the drives fails Both drives contain the same data at all times Either drive can act as the operational drive Although disk mirroring provides 100 redundancy it is expensive because each drive in the system must be duplicated 2 6 Introduction to RAID Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 2 3 7 Disk Spanning Disk spanning allows multiple disk drives to function like one big drive Spanning overcomes lack of disk space and simplifies storage management by combining existing resources or adding relatively inexpensive resources For example four 60 Gbyte disk drives can be combined to appear to the operating system as one single 240 Gbyte drive Disk spanning alone does not provide reliability or performance enhancements Spanned logical drives must have the same stripe size and must be contiguous In Figure 2 3 two RAID 1 arrays are turned into a RAID 10 array Figure 2 3 Disk Spanning MegaRAID Controller Data Flow agers es St se a peter ae ee Se pcre ee rms ce re Se pe er es pete ey ee reer Segment 1 Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 3 Segment 4 Segment 4 Segment 5 Segment 5 Segment 6 Segment 6 7 7 Sba a a IE eS a en ee Wh hh Se he ei RAIDOS peste a ed 2 RAID Overview 2 7 Copyright 2002 b
11. 1 Description J2 Dirty cache LED 2 pin header J3 Clear EPROM 2 pin header J4 BIOS enable 2 pin header J5 SCSI activity LED 2 pin connector J6 Serial port 3 pin header Installation Steps 6 3 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Table 6 2 Jumpers for the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Item Description Type J8 Battery backup unit BBU 40 pin header daughter card connector J9 SCSI bus termination power 2 pin header J10 SCSI bus termination enable 3 pin header control Figure 6 1 shows the location of these items on the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller Figure 6 1 MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Controller Layout SI Internal High Density 68 pin SCSI Connector i wa RG Optional Backup Battery Board Connector TC External Very High Density 68 pin SCSI Connector 6 2 3 1 J2 Dirty Cache LED J2 is a two pin header for the dirty cache LED This can be connected to an LED on the computer enclosure The LED will be lit when data in the cache has not yet been written to the storage device 6 4 Hardware Installation Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 6 2 3 2 J3 Clear EPROM J3 is a two pin header that clears the erasable progammable read only memory EPROM configuratio
12. 1 3 Logical Drive Configuration Use Table 5 2 to record the configuration for your logical drives Table 5 2 Logical Drive Configuration Logical Logical Drive of Physical Drive Size Drives LDO LD1 LD2 LD3 LD4 LD5 LD6 LD7 LD8 LD9 LD10 LD11 LD12 LD13 LD14 LD15 LD16 LD17 LD18 LD19 LD20 LD21 Configuring SCSI Physical Drives 5 3 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Table 5 2 Logical Drive Configuration Cont Logical Stripe Logical Drive of Physical Drive Size Size Drives LD22 LD23 LD24 LD25 LD26 LD27 LD28 LD29 LD30 LD31 LD32 LD33 LD34 LD35 LD36 LD37 LD38 LD39 5 4 Configuring Physical Drives Arrays and Logical Drives Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 5 1 4 Physical Device Layout Use Table 5 3 to record the physical device layout Table 5 3 Physical Device Layout Channel 1 Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manuf
13. 16 bits 40 Mbytes s Wide Ultra 2 SCSI 16 bits 80 Mbytes s Wide Ultra 160 SCSI 16 bits 160 Mbytes s Ultra 320 SCSI 16 bits 320 Mbytes s 1 8 Documentation The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 documentation set includes e The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Hardware Guide e The MegaRAID Configuration Software Guide e The MegaRAID Operating System Driver Installation Guide 1 8 1 MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Hardware Guide The Hardware Guide contains the RAID overview RAID planning and RAID system configuration information you need first Read this document first 1 8 2 MegaRAID Configuration Software Guide This manual describes the software configuration utilities that you can use to configure and modify RAID systems 1 4 Overview Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 1 8 3 MegaRAID Operating System Driver Installation Guide This manual provides detailed information about installing the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 operating system drivers Documentation 1 5 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Overview Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Chapter 2 Introduction to RAID This chapter introduces important RAID concepts It contains the following sections e Section 2 1 RAID Benefits e Section 2 2 MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Host Based RAID Solution e Section 2 3 RAID Overview RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks is a data storage
14. 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 6 2 5 Step 5 Install MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 6 12 Select a 3 3 V or 5 V PCI slot and align the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller bus connector with the slot Figure 6 6 shows the differences between the 3 3 V and 5 V slots Figure 6 6 3 3 V and 5 V PCI Slots Edge of motherboard 5 V or Universal 3 3 V PCI Slot a ITITTEMEM MELEE KENUNNIENONN 3 3 V PCI Slot Only F NUNNONNNANU IPP PPP ete Insert the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 card in the PCI slot as shown in Figure 6 7 Press down gently but firmly to make sure that the card is properly seated in the slot The bottom edge of the controller card should be flush with the slot Attach the bracket to the computer frame with the bracket screw Hardware Installation Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Figure 6 7 Installing the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Controller Ty Bracket Screw 32 bit Slots 3 3 V e Slots 5 V 6 2 6 Step 6 Connect SCSI Devices Use SCSI cables to connectSCSI devices to the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 provides two SCSI connectors e J1 the internal high density 68 pin SCSI connector for Wide 16 bit SCSI e J7 the external very high density 68 pin SCSI connector Use this procedure to connect SCSI devices 1 Disable termination on any SCSI device that does not sit at
15. 8 Degraded 2 10 C 2 Devices per SCSI channel 4 6 Disconnect reconnect 4 9 Disk C 2 Disk array C 2 Disk Array Types 2 11 Disk duplexing C 2 Disk mirroring 2 6 C 2 Disk rebuild 2 9 Disk spanning 2 7 C 2 Disk striping 2 4 C 2 Disk subsystem C 3 Documentation 1 4 DOS 4 5 Double buffering C 3 Drive roaming 4 2 Drivers 6 17 E Enclosure management 2 11 F Fail 2 10 Failed 2 10 Failed drive C 3 Fast SCSI C 3 Fault tolerance 2 4 Fault tolerance features 4 4 Features 1 2 4 1 Firmware 4 6 C 3 Configuration Strategies 5 9 Flash ROM 1 2 Configuring Arrays 5 8 FlexRAID Power Fail option C 3 Configuring Logical Drives 5 12 Format C 3 Configuring SCSI physical drives 5 1 Connecting internal and external Wide devices A 3 G Consistency check 2 4 C 2 Converting from internal Wide to internal non Wide Type 3 A 5 GB C 3 Converting internal Wide to internal non Wide A 4 Glossary C 1 Converting internal Wide to internal non Wide Type 30 A 5 GWC A 6 CPU 4 7 MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Hardware Guide IX 1 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved H Hardware Installation 6 1 High density 68 pin SCSI connector pinout A 7 High density single ended connector A 8 Host computer C 4 Host based array C 3 Host based RAID solution 2 2 Hot spare 2 8 2 10 C 4 Using during disk rebuild 2 9 Hot swap 2 9 C 4 VO driver C 4 Initialization C 4 Install Drivers 6 17 Installation steps Custom 6 2 J Jumpers Sett
16. Date Op Sys Ver Video Adapter MegaRAID Driver Ver CPU Type Speed Network Card System Memory Other disk controllers installed Description of problem Other adapter cards Installed Steps necessary to re create problem Logical Drive Configuration Use this form to record the configuration details for your logical drives Logical Drive Configuration Logical Drive Logical Drive Size of Physical Drives Preface Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved vii Logical Drive Configuration Cont Logical Stripe Drive Size Logical Drive Size of Physical Drives viii Preface Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Logical Drive Configuration Cont Logical Stripe Logical Drive of Physical Drive Size Size Drives Physical Device Layout Use this form to record the physical device layout Physical Device Layout Channel 0 Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Preface ix Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic C
17. IDs on each channel to make sure each device has a different ID Check the termination The device at the end of the channel must be terminated Replace the drive cable Multiple drives connected to the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 use the same power supply There is a problem spinning the drives all at once Set the drives to spin on command This will allow MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 to spin two devices simultaneously Pressing lt Ctrl gt lt M gt or running megaconf exe does not display the Management Menu These utilities require a color monitor Cannot flash or update the EEPROM You may need a new EEPROM Firmware Initializing appears and remains on the screen Make sure that TERMPWR is being properly provided to each peripheral device populated channel Make sure that each end of the channel chain is properly terminated using the recommended terminator type for the peripheral device The channel is automatically terminated at the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 card if only one cable is connected to a channel Make sure on a channel basis only two types of cables are connected at any one time Make sure that the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller is properly seated in the PCI slot What SCSI IDs can a non hard disk device have and what is maximum number allowed per adapter 7 2 Troubleshooting Non hard disk devices can accommodate only SCSI IDs 1 2 3 4 5 or 6 regardless of the channel used A maximum
18. Table 6 5 shows the relative priority of each Target ID Table 6 5 Priority of Target IDs Priority Highest Lowest TID 7 6 5 aw 2 1 0 15 14 9 8 6 14 Hardware Installation Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Important Non disk devices CD ROM or tape drive should have unique SCSI IDs regardless of the channel they are connected to 6 2 7 1 Example of MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 ID Mapping Table 6 6 provides an example of ID mapping for the SCSI 320 1 Table 6 6 Example of Mapping for SCSI 320 1 Channel 1 CD A4 1 Optical Reserved A5 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A5 6 oO A6 1 e e A6 4 4 M A6 7 4 wo A7 2 A A7 5 oa A7 8 Installation Steps Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 6 15 6 2 7 2 Target IDs as Presented to the Operating System Table 6 7 shows the target IDs as presented to the operating system Table 6 7 Target IDs as Presented to the Operating System Device Device Disk A1 X Disk A2 X Disk A3 X Disk A4 X Disk A5 X Disk A6 X Disk A7 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Disk A8 X 6 2 8 Step 8 Power Up Replace the computer cover and reconnect the AC power cords Turn power on to the host computer Set up the power supplies so that the SCSI devices are powered up at the same time
19. Wide to Internal Non Wide Type 2 A 1 4 Converting Internal Wide to Internal Non Wide Type 30 A 1 5 Converting from Internal Wide to Internal Non Wide Type 3 A 2 SCSI Cable and Connector Vendors A 3 High Density 68 Pin Connector Pinout for SE SCSI A 4 68 Pin Connector Pinout for LVD SCSI Appendix B Audible Warnings Appendix C Glossary xvi Contents Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 6 6 6 12 6 13 6 14 6 16 6 17 6 17 6 18 fel 7 3 1 5 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 5 A 6 A 7 A 9 Index Customer Feedback Contents xvii Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved xviii Contents Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Chapter 1 Overview This chapter provides an overview of the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 and basic SCSI features It contains the following sections e Section 1 1 Features e Section 1 2 SCSI Channel e Section 1 3 NVRAM and Flash ROM e Section 1 4 SCSI Connectors e Section 1 5 Single Ended and Differential SCSI Buses e Section 1 6 Maximum Cable Length for SCSI Standards e Section 1 7 SCSI Bus Widths and Maximum Throughput e Section 1 8 Documentation RAID controller is a high performance intelligent PCl to SCSI host adapter with RAID control capabilities The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 provides reliability high performance and fault tolerant disk subsystem m
20. as hot spares for an adapter A hot spare can be dedicated to a single redundant array or it can be part of the global hot spare pool for all arrays controlled by the adapter The substitution of a replacement unit in a disk subsystem for a defective one where the substitution can be performed while the subsystem is running Hot swaps are done manually A host computer software component usually part of the operating system that controls the operation of peripheral controllers or adapters attached to the host computer I O drivers communicate between applications and I O devices and in some cases they participate in data transfer The process of writing zeros to the data fields of a logical drive and generating the corresponding parity to put the logical drive in a Ready state Initializing erases previous data and generates parity so that the logical drive will pass a consistency check Arrays can work without initialization but they can fail a consistency check because the parity fields have not been generated A set of contiguous chunks on a physical disk Logical disks are used in array implementations as constituents of logical volumes or partitions Logical disks are normally transparent to the host environment except when the array containing them is being configured A virtual drive within an array that can consist of more than one physical drive Logical drives divide the contiguous storage space of an array of disk drives or
21. as or before the host computer If the computer is powered up before a SCSI device the device might not be recognized During boot the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 BIOS message appears MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Disk Array Adapter BIOS Version x xx date Copyright c LSI Logic Corporation Firmware Initializing Scanning SCSI Device etc The firmware takes several seconds to initialize During this time the adapter will scan the SCSI channel s When ready the following appears Host Adapter 1 Firmware Version x xx DRAM Size 16 MB 0 Logical Drives found on the Host Adapter 0 Logical Drives handled by BIOS Press lt Ctrl gt lt M gt to run MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 BIOS Configuration Utility 6 16 Hardware Installation Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved The lt Ctrl gt lt M gt utility prompt times out after several seconds The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 host adapter controller number firmware version and cache DRAM size are displayed in the second portion of the BIOS message The numbering of the controllers follows the PCI slot scanning order used by the host motherboard 6 2 9 Step 9 Run the MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility Press lt Ctrl gt lt M gt to run the MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility See the MegaRAID Configuration Software Guide for information about running this utility 6 2 10 Step 10 Install the Operating System Driver MegaRAID can operate under MS DOS or any
22. mode ready for service if a drive fails Hot spares permit you to replace failed drives without system shutdown or user intervention MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 implements automatic and transparent rebuilds using hot spare drives providing a high degree of fault tolerance and zero downtime The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 RAID Management software allows you to specify physical drives as hot spares When a hot spare is needed the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller assigns the hot spare that Introduction to RAID Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved has a capacity closest to and at least as great as that of the failed drive to take the place of the failed drive Note Hot spares are employed only in arrays with redundancy for example RAID levels 1 5 10 and 50 A hot spare connected to a specific MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller can be used only to rebuild a drive that is connected to the same controller 2 3 10 Hot Swapping Hot swapping is the manual replacement of a defective physical disk unit while the computer is still running When a new drive has been installed you must issue a command to rebuild the drive 2 3 11 Disk Rebuild 2 3 11 1 You rebuild a disk drive by recreating the data that had been stored on the drive before the drive failed Rebuilding can be done only in arrays with data redundancy such as RAID level 1 5 10 and 50 Standby warm spare rebuild is employed in a mirrored RAID 1 system I
23. of six non hard disk devices are supported per MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 adapter Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 7 2 BIOS Boot Error Messages Table 7 2 describes BIOS error messages that can display when you boot the system and suggested solutions Table 7 2 Message Adapter BIOS Disabled No Logical Drives Handled by BIOS BIOS Boot Error Messages Problem The MegaRAID BIOS is disabled Sometimes the BIOS is disabled to prevent booting from the BIOS Suggested Solution Enable the BIOS using the MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility Host Adapter at Baseport xxxx Not Responding The BIOS cannot communicate with the adapter firmware Make sure the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 is properly installed No MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Adapter The BIOS cannot communicate with the adapter firmware Make sure the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 is properly installed Configuration of nonvolatile RAM NVRAM and drives mismatch Run View Add Configuration option of Configuration Utility Press any key to run the Configuration Utility The configuration stored in the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 adapter does not match the configuration stored in the drives Press a key to run MegaRAID Manager Select View Add Configuration from the Configure menu Use View Add Configuration to examine both the configuration in NVRAM and the configuration stored on the disk drives Resolve the problem by
24. often but write data infrequently Both the read and write operations tend to be long Data stored on a general purpose file server involves relatively short read and write operations with relatively small files Array Functions You must first define the major purpose of the disk array Will this disk array increase the system storage capacity for general purpose file and print servers Does this disk array Support any software system that Configuring Physical Drives Arrays and Logical Drives Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved must be available 24 hours per day Will the information stored in this disk array contain large audio or video files that must be available on demand Will this disk array contain data from an imaging system You must identify the purpose of the data to be stored in the disk subsystem before you can confidently choose a RAID level and a RAID configuration 5 5 Planning the Array Configuration Fill out Table 5 8 to help plan this array Table 5 8 Factors for Planning the Array Configuration Question Answer Number of physical disk drives in the array Purpose of this array Rank the following factors Maximize drive capacity Maximize the safety of the data fault tolerance Maximize hard drive performance and throughput Number of hot spares Amount of cache memory installed on MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Are all of the disk drives and the server protected by an
25. selecting one of the configurations 1 Logical Drive Failed A logical drive failed to sign on Make sure all physical drives are properly connected and are powered on Run MegaRAID Manager to find out if any physical drives are not responding Reconnect replace or rebuild any drive that is not responding X Logical Drives Degraded x number of logical drives signed on ina degraded state BIOS Boot Error Messages Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Make sure all physical drives are properly connected and are powered on Run MegaRAID Manager to find if any physical drives are not responding Reconnect replace or rebuild any drive that is not responding 7 3 Table 7 2 BIOS Boot Error Messages Cont Message Problem Suggested Solution 1 Logical Drive A logical drive signed on Make sure all physical drives are properly Degraded in a degraded state connected and are powered on Run MegaRAID Manager to find out if any physical drives are not responding Reconnect replace or rebuild any drive that is not responding The following SCSI IDs The physical drives with Make sure the physical drives are properly are not responding SCSI IDs a b and c are connected and are powered on Channel x a b c not responding on SCSI channel x 7 3 Other BIOS Error Messages Table 7 3 describes other BIOS error messages their meaning and suggested solutions
26. the Compatibility Report for this product iii Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved iv Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Audience Organization Preface This book is the primary reference and Hardware Guide for the LSI Logic MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Controller It contains instructions for installing the MegaRAID controller and for configuring RAID arrays It also contains background information on RAID The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller supports single ended and low voltage differential LVD SCSI devices on an Ultra320 and Wide SCSI channel with data transfer rates up to 320 Mbytes s This document is intended for people who need to install the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Controller in a server and then create and configure RAID arrays This document has the following chapters and appendixes e Chapter 1 Overview provides an overview of the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 and basic SCSI features e Chapter 2 Introduction to RAID introduces important RAID concepts e Chapter 3 RAID Levels describes each supported RAID level and the factors to consider when choosing a RAID level e Chapter 4 Features explains the features of the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 e Chapter 5 Configuring Physical Drives Arrays and Logical Drives explains how to configure SCSI physical drives arrays and logical drives MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Hardware Guide v Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corpora
27. the end of the SCSI bus Installation Steps 6 13 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 2 Configure all SCSI devices to supply TermPWR 3 Set proper target IDs TIDs for each SCSI device The cable length can be up to 20 m 6 2 6 1 Cable Suggestions System throughput problems can occur if SCSI cable use is not maximized Here are some cabling guidelines e You can use cables up to 12 meters for LVD devices e For single ended SCSI devices use the shortest SCSI cables e Use active termination e Avoid clustering the cable nodes e Cable stub length should be no more than 0 1 meter 4 inches e Route SCSI cables carefully e Use high impedance cables e Use flat cables for inside the enclosure and round shielded cables for outside of the enclosure e Ribbon cables have fairly good cross talk rejection characteristics 6 2 7 Step 7 Set Target IDs Set target identifiers TIDs on the SCSI devices Each device in a specific SCSI channel must have a unique TID in that channel Non disk devices CD ROM or tapes should have unique SCSI IDs regardless of the channel where they are connected See the documentation for each SCSI device to set the TIDs The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller automatically occupies TID 7 in the SCSI channel Eight bit SCSI devices can only use the TIDs from 0 to 6 16 bit devices can use the TIDs from 0 to 15 The arbitration priority for a SCSI device depends on its TID
28. uninterruptible power supply 5 5 1 Using the Array Configuration Planner The following table lists the possible RAID levels fault tolerance and effective capacity for all possible drive configurations for an array consisting of one to eight drives This table does not take into account any hot spare standby drives You should always have a hot spare drive in case of drive failure RAID 1 requires two drives RAID 10 at least four and RAID 50 at least six Planning the Array Configuration 5 13 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 5 14 Use Table 5 9 to plan the array configuration Table 5 9 Array Configuration Planner Possible Relative Fault Effective of Drives RAID Levels Performance Tolerance Capacity 1 None Excellent No 100 1 RAID 0 Excellent No 100 2 None Excellent No 100 2 RAID 0 Excellent No 100 2 RAID 1 Good Yes 50 3 None Excellent No 100 3 RAID 0 Excellent No 100 3 RAID 5 Good Yes 67 4 None Excellent No 100 4 RAID 0 Excellent No 100 4 RAID 5 Good Yes 75 4 RAID 10 Good Yes 50 5 None Excellent No 100 5 RAID 0 Excellent No 100 5 RAID 5 Good Yes 80 6 None Excellent No 100 6 RAID 0 Excellent No 100 6 RAID 5 Good Yes 83 6 RAID 10 Good Yes 50 6 RAID 50 Good Yes 67 7 None Excellent No 100 7 RAID 0 Excellent No 100 7 RAID 5 Good Yes 86 8 None Excellent No 100 Configur
29. 0 Redundancy C 7 Replacement disk C 7 Replacement unit C 7 S SAF TE C 7 Scatter gather 4 9 SCSI C 7 SCSI backup and utility software 4 11 SCSI bus 4 6 4 8 SCSI bus widths and maximum throughput 1 4 SCSI buses 1 3 SCSI Cable Vendors A 6 SCSI cables Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Connecting 6 13 SCSI cables and connectors A 1 SCSI channel C 7 SCSI Connector Vendors A 6 SCSI connectors 4 7 4 8 SCSI controller 4 6 SCSI data transfer rate 4 6 SCSI Device Compatibility 4 10 SCSI device types supported 4 6 SCSI Drive State C 7 SCSI firmware 4 9 SCSI termination 4 6 4 8 6 6 Set 6 6 SCSI to SCSI 2 11 SCSI to SCSI RAID product 2 3 Serial port 4 8 Server management 4 10 Service provider C 8 Setting SCSI termination 6 6 SMART Technology 4 1 SNMP C 8 SNMP agent 4 10 SNMP managers 4 10 Software utilities 4 5 Software based 2 11 Spanning 2 7 C 8 Spare C 8 Standby rebuild 2 9 Stripe size 2 6 4 9 C 8 Stripe width 2 5 C 8 Striping C 8 System Connection A 6 T Tagged command queuing 4 9 Target IDs Setting 6 14 Technical Cable Concepts A 6 Technical Support 1 vi Termination disable 4 6 Terminator C 8 Troubleshooting 7 1 U Ultra3 SCSI 320M C 9 Unpack 6 3 V Virtual sizing C 9 Ww WebBIOS Configuration Utility 4 10 Wide SCSI C 9 Windows NET 6 17 Windows 2000 6 17 Windows NT 4 5 6 17 Windows XP 6 17 Index Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All
30. 002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Physical Device Layout Cont Channel 0 Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level xii Preface Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Contents Chapier 1 Overview 1 1 1 2 13 1 4 1 5 1 6 ey 1 8 Chapter 2 Introduction to RAID 2 1 ue 2 3 Features SCSI Channel NVRAM and Flash ROM SCSI Connectors Single Ended and Differential SCSI Buses Maximum Cable Length for SCSI Standards SCSI Bus Widths and Maximum Throughput Documentation 1 8 1 MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Hardware Guide 1 8 2 MegaRAID Configuration Software Guide 1 8 3 MegaRAID Operating System Driver Installation Guide RAID Benefits 211 Improved I O ele Increased Reliability MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Host Based RAID Solution 2 2 1 Host Based RAID 222 SCSI to SCSI External RAID RAID Overview 2 351 Physical Array 2 3 2 Logical Drive 2 3 3 Consistency Check 2 3 4 Fault Tolerance 2 3 9 Disk Striping MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Hardware Guide Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 1 2 1 2 j2 1 2 1 3 1 3 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 2 1 2 1 a
31. 02 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 6 2 4 2 Selecting a Terminator Use standard external SCSI terminators on a SCSI channel operating at 10 Mbytes s or higher synchronous data transfer 6 2 4 3 Terminating Internal SCSI Disk Arrays Set the termination so that SCSI termination and termination power are intact when any hard drive is removed from a SCSI channel as shown in Figure 6 2 Installation Steps 6 7 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 6 8 Figure 6 2 Termination of Internal SCSI Disk Arrays IDO Boot Drive No Termination MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 SCSI ID 7 Hardware Installation Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 6 2 4 4 Terminating External Disk Arrays In most array enclosures the end of the SCSI cable has an independent SCSI terminator module that is not part of any SCSI drive In this way SCSI termination is not disturbed when any drive is removed as shown in Figure 6 3 Figure 6 3 Terminating External Disk Arrays External SCSI Drives MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 ars SCSI ID 7 Termination Enabled 6 2 4 5 Terminating Internal and External Disk Arrays You can use both internal and external drives with the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 You still must make sure that the proper SCSI termination and termination power is preserved as shown in Figure 6 4 Installation Steps 6 9 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logi
32. 2 2 3 xiii Chapter 3 RAID Levels Chapter 4 Features xiv 2 3 6 Disk Mirroring 2 3 7 Disk Spanning 2 3 8 Parity 2 3 9 Hot Spares 2 3 10 Hot Swapping 2 3 11 Disk Rebuild 2 3 12 Logical Drive States 2 3 13 SCSI Drive States 2 3 14 Disk Array Types 2 3 15 Enclosure Management 3 1 Selecting a RAID Level 3 2 RAIDO 3 3 RAID 1 3 4 RAID5 3 5 RAID 10 3 6 RAID 50 4 1 SMART Technology 4 2 Configuration on Disk 4 3 Configuration Features 4 4 Array Performance Features 4 5 RAID Management Features 4 6 Fault Tolerance Features 4 7 Software Utilities 4 8 Operating System Software Drivers 4 9 MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Specifications 4 9 1 PCI Bridge CPU 4 9 2 Cache Memory 4 9 3 MegaRAID BIOS 4 9 4 Serial Port 4 9 5 SCSI Bus 4 9 6 SCSI Connectors Contents Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 2 6 a7 2 8 2 8 2 9 2 9 2 10 2 10 2 11 2 11 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 6 3 7 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 8 4 8 4 10 Chapter 5 4 9 7 SCSI Termination 4 9 8 SCSI Firmware RAID Management 4 10 1 MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility 4 10 2 WebBIOS Configuration Utility 4 10 3 Power Console Plus 4 10 4 MegaRAID Manager Compatibility 4 11 1 Server Management 4 11 2 SCSI Device Compatibility 4 11 3 Software Configuring Physical Drives Arrays and Logical Drives 5 1 Configuring SCSI Physical Drives S14 Basic Configuration Rules 51
33. 2 Current Physical Device Configuration A Logical Drive Configuration 5 1 4 Physical Device Layout 5 2 Configuring Arrays 5 2 1 Arranging Arrays 5 2 2 Creating Hot Spares 5 3 Creating Logical Drives 53 1 Configuration Strategies 5 3 2 Assigning RAID Levels 5 4 Configuring Logical Drives 5 4 1 Optimizing Data Storage 5 5 Planning the Array Configuration 5 5 1 Using the Array Configuration Planner Chapter 6 Hardware Installation 6 1 Hardware Requirements 6 2 Installation Steps 6 2 1 Step 1 Unpack 6 2 2 Step 2 Power Down 6 2 3 Step 3 Check Jumper Settings Contents Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 4 8 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 11 5 1 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 5 5 8 5 8 5 9 5 9 Sl 5 12 5 12 5 13 5 13 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 3 XV 6 2 4 Step 4 Set Termination 6 2 5 Step 5 Install MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 6 2 6 Step 6 Connect SCSI Devices 6 2 7 Step 7 Set Target IDs 6 2 8 Step 8 Power Up 6 2 9 Step 9 Run the MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility 6 2 10 Step 10 Install the Operating System Driver 6 3 Summary Chapter 7 Troubleshooting 7 1 General Troubleshooting 7 2 BIOS Boot Error Messages 7 3 Other BIOS Error Messages 7 4 Other Potential Problems Appendix A SCSI Cables and Connectors A 1 68 Pin High Density SCSI Internal Connector A 1 1 Cable Assembly for Internal Wide SCSI Devices A 1 2 Connecting Internal and External Wide Devices A 1 3 Converting Internal
34. D SCSI 320 1 includes a DOS software configuration utility and drivers for e Windows NT 4 0 e Windows 2000 e Windows NET e Windows XP e Novell NetWare 5 1 6 0 e Red Hat Linux 7 2 7 3 e DOS version 6 xx or later The DOS drivers for MegaRAID are contained in the firmware on the MegaRAID controller except for the DOS ASPI and CD drivers Call your LSI OEM support representative or access the web site at www lsilogic com for information about drivers for other operating systems Software Utilities 4 5 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 4 9 MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Specifications Table 4 6 lists the specifications for the SCSI 320 1 Table 4 6 Parameter Card size MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Specifications Specification Low profile PCI Adapter card size 6 875 X 2 5 Processor Intel GC80302 64 bit RISC processor at 100 MHz Bus type PCI 2 2 SCSI controller LSI Logic 5301020 PCI controller Intel GC80302 Bus data transfer rate Up to 532 Mbytes s BIOS MegaRAID BIOS Cache configuration Predefined during manufacturing ECC through a 66 MHz 72 bit unbuffered 3 3 V SDRAM Firmware 1 MB x 8 flash ROM Non volatile random access memory NVRAM 32 KB x 8 for storing RAID configuration Operating voltage 5 00 V 0 25 V SCSI controller One SCSI controller for Ultra320 and Wide support SCSI data transfer rate U
35. DOS compatible operating system using the standard AT BIOS INT 13h Hard Disk Drive interface To operate with other operating systems you must install software drivers MegaRAID provides software drivers on the Driver and Documentation CD for the following operating systems e MS DOS version 6 xx or later e Microsoft Windows NT 4 0 Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows NET e Novell NetWare 5 1 6 0 e Red Hat Linux 7 2 7 3 Note Refer to the MegaRAID Driver Installation Guide for the procedures used to install operating system drivers Installation Steps 6 17 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 6 3 Summary This chapter discussed hardware installation Configure the RAID system using software configuration utilities See the MegaRAID Configuration Software Guide for all information about MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 software utilities Table 6 8 lists the utility programs for configuring MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Table 6 8 Configuration Utilities and Operating Systems Configuration Utility Operating System MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility Independent of the operating system WebBIOS Configuration Utility Independent of the operating system MegaRAID Manager DOS Red Hat Linux 7 2 7 3 Novell NetWare 5 1 6 0 Power Console Plus Microsoft Windows NT Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows NET 6 18 Hardware Installation Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Chapter 7 T
36. Eight bit devices connected to the P Cable must leave the following signals open DB 8 DB 9 DB 10 DB 11 DB 12 DB 13 DB 14 DB 15 and DB P1 e All other signals should be connected as defined Caution Lines labeled RESERVED should be connected to Ground in the bus terminator assemblies or in the end devices on the SCSI cable RESERVED lines should be open in the other SCSI devices but can be connected to Ground SCSI Cables and Connectors Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved A 4 68 Pin Connector Pinout for LVD SCSI Table A 4 lists the pinout for the 68 pin connector for LVD SCSI Table A 4 DB 12 Connector Pin k Cable Pin Cable Pin 2 68 Pin Connector Pinout for LVD SCSI Connector Pin DB 12 DB 13 DB 13 DB 14 DB 14 DB 15 DB 15 DB P1 DB P1 DB 0 DB 0 DB 1 DB 1 DB 2 DB 2 DB 3 Oo ON OD a AJ wo vy DB 3 DB 4 4 oO DB 4 DB 5 e DB 5 DB 6 4 N DB 6 DB 7 w DB 7 DB P 4 A DB P Ground ol Ground DIFFSENS Ground TERMPWR TERMPWR TERMPWR TERMPWR Reserved Reserved Ground Ground ATN ATN Ground 68 Pin Connector Pinout for LVD SCSI Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved
37. HARDWARE GUIDE MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 RAID Controller September 2002 LSIBKeye oy ii This document contains proprietary information of LSI Logic Corporation The information contained herein is not to be used by or disclosed to third parties without the express written permission of an officer of LSI Logic Corporation LSI Logic products are not intended for use in life support appliances devices or systems Use of any LSI Logic product in such applications without written consent of the appropriate LSI Logic officer is prohibited Document DB15 000245 00 First Edition September 2002 This document describes the initial release of LSI Logic Corporation s MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Controller and will remain the official reference source for all revisions releases of this product until rescinded by an update LSI Logic Corporation reserves the right to make changes to any products herein at any time without notice LSI Logic does not assume any responsibility or liability arising out of the application or use of any product described herein except as expressly agreed to in writing by LSI Logic nor does the purchase or use of a product from LSI Logic convey a license under any patent rights copyrights trademark rights or any other of the intellectual property rights of LSI Logic or third parties Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved TRADEMARK ACKNOWLEDGMENT LSI Logic the LSI Logic logo design an
38. MAA TUTETE TTT AAAA AAAA TUTTE TTT PITTA ma DITEETT TET AAAA PAAAAAAAAAAAAANANAA AAAA AAAA ponon on TUTTE ETT COCPeECOCeeeeeenere Connector A 68 Position Plug Male AMP 749925 5 Connector B 50 Position IDC Receptacle Female AMP 499252 4 1 746285 0 1 746288 0 Wire Twisted Pair Flat Cable or Laminated Discrete Wire Cable 25 Pair 0 050 Centerline 28 AWG A 1 4 Converting Internal Wide to Internal Non Wide Type 30 The cable assembly for converting internal Wide SCSI connectors to internal non Wide Type 30 SCSI connectors is shown below Pin 1 Connector A 68 Position Plug Male AMP 749925 5 ooo0o0m0m00r0 00000000000000000000000 oOoo00000000000000000000000000000000 EEEREEEEEEEREEEEEN NAARAAN AA AAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAANANA PEEPUE EEE Connector B 50 Position Plug Male AMP 749925 3 VVVNN Veuve PPCETOAE Pret nda NAAMAA AAAVAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAE PULTEEL ETE FEUPCTE ETAT TTT PEC TPLGE TTT AAAA Pin 1 TUTTE TUTTE TEE USECCEERERRRERRORY PECUT Otten eae tne AAAA Wire Twisted Pair Flat Cable or Laminated Discrete Wire Cable 25 Pair 0 050 Centerline 28 AWG Oooo0000000000000000000000 oOooogogogoooo0o0o00000000000000 A 1 5 Converting from Internal Wide to Internal Non Wide Type 3 The cable assembly for converting internal Wide SCSI conne
39. Run the MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility Optional 10 Install software drivers for the desired operating systems 6 2 Hardware Installation Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 6 2 1 Step 1 Unpack Unpack and install the hardware in a static free environment Remove the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller card from the anti static bag and inspect it for damage If the card appears damaged or if any item listed below is missing contact LSI Logic or your MegaRAID OEM support representative The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller is shipped with the following e The Driver and Documentation CD which contains these items The MegaRAID Configuration Software Guide The MegaRAID Operating System Driver Installation Guide The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Hardware Guide The software license agreement The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 configuration utilities for DOS e The warranty registration card 6 2 2 Step 2 Power Down Turn off the computer remove the power cord then remove the cover Make sure the computer is turned off and disconnected from any networks before installing the controller card 6 2 3 Step 3 Check Jumper Settings Make sure the jumper settings on the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 card are correct The jumpers are set at the factory and you probably do not need to change them Table 6 2 lists the jumpers and a connector Table 6 2 Jumpers for the MegaRAID SCSI 320
40. SCSI Physical Drives SCSI physical drives must be organized into logical drives The arrays and logical drives that you construct must be able to support the RAID level that you select The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller has one SCSI channel 5 1 1 Basic Configuration Rules You should observe the following guidelines when connecting and configuring SCSI devices in a RAID array e You can place up to 15 physical drives in an array depending on the RAID level e Include all drives that have the same capacity in the same array e Make sure any hot spare has a capacity that is at least as large as the largest drive that may be replaced by the hot spare e When replacing a failed drive make sure that the replacement drive has a capacity that is at least as large as the drive being replaced MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Hardware Guide 5 1 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Note Be sure to back up your data regularly even when using RAID 5 1 2 Current Physical Device Configuration Use Table 5 1 to record the current configuration for your physical devices Table 5 1 Physical Device Configuration SCSI Channel 1 SCSI ID Device Description Termination 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 4 oO i N k oo A 4 ol 5 2 Configuring Physical Drives Arrays and Logical Drives Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 5
41. SI Termination J10 Setting Software control of SCSI termination using drive Short pins 1 2 detection default Permanently disable all onboard SCSI termination Short pins 2 3 Permanently enable all onboard SCSI termination OPEN 6 2 4 Step 4 Set Termination You must terminate the SCSI bus properly Set termination at both ends of the SCSI cable The SCSI bus is an electrical transmission line and must be terminated properly to minimize reflections and losses For a disk array set SCSI bus termination so that removing or adding a SCSI device does not disturb termination An easy way to do this is to connect the card to one end of the SCSI cable and to connect a terminator module at the other end of the cable The connectors between the two ends can connect SCSI devices Disable termination on the SCSI devices See the manual for each SCSI device to disable termination 6 2 4 1 SCSI Termination The SCSI bus is an electrical transmission line and it must be terminated properly to minimize reflections and losses You complete the SCSI bus by setting termination at both ends You can let the card automatically provide SCSI termination at one end of the SCSI bus You can terminate the other end of the SCSI bus by attaching an external SCSI terminator module to the end of the cable or by attaching a SCSI device that internally terminates the SCSI bus at the end of the SCSI channel 6 6 Hardware Installation Copyright 20
42. SI devices to be attached e An Uninterruptible Power Supply UPS for the entire system e Ultra320 Ultra Fast SCSI 2 or Wide SCSI hard disk drives MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Hardware Guide 6 1 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 6 2 Installation Steps The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 provides extensive customization options If you need only basic MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 features and your computer does not use other adapter cards with resource settings that may conflict with MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 settings even custom installation can be quick and easy Table 6 1 lists the hardware installation steps Each step is described in detail in the following pages Table 6 1 Hardware Installation Steps Additional Information Unpack the MegaRAID controller and inspect for damage Make sure all items are in the package If damaged call your LSI Logic OEM support representative Turn the computer off and remove the power cord and remove the cover Check the jumper settings on the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller Set SCSI termination See page 6 3 for the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 jumper settings Install the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 card Connect the SCSI cables to SCSI devices Set the target IDs for the SCSI devices o ln io al a Replace the computer cover and turn the power on Be sure the SCSI devices are powered up before or at the same time as the host computer
43. a spanned group of arrays of drives The storage space in a logical drive is spread across all the physical drives in the array or spanned arrays Configure at least one logical drive for each array The conversion between multiple data addressing schemes especially conversions between member disk block addresses and block addresses of the virtual disks presented to the operating environment by array management software Glossary Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Mbyte Multi threaded Operating Environment Parity Partition Physical Disk Physical Disk Roaming Protocol Megabyte An abbreviation for 1 000 000 10 to the sixth power bytes One Mbyte equals 1 000 Kbytes kilobytes Having multiple concurrent or pseudo concurrent execution sequences Used to describe processes in computer systems Multi threaded processes allow throughput intensive applications to efficiently use a disk array to increase I O performance The operating environment includes the host computer where the array is attached any I O buses and adapters the host operating system and any additional software required to operate the array For host based arrays the operating environment includes 1 O driver software for the member disks but does not include array management software which is regarded as part of the array itself Parity is an extra bit added to a byte or word to reveal errors in storage in RAM or
44. acturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Configuring SCSI Physical Drives Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Table 5 3 Physical Device Layout Cont Channel 1 Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Configuring Physical Drives Arrays and Logical Drives Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Table 5 3 Physical Device Layout Cont Channel 1 Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware l
45. ails e Fail Out of service due to a fault occurring on the drive e Rebuild Currently being rebuilt with data from a failed drive C 7 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Service Provider SNMP Spanning Spare Stripe Size Stripe Width Striping Terminator C 8 The Service Provider SP is a program that resides in the desktop system or server and is responsible for all DMI activities This layer collects management information from products whether system hardware peripherals or software stores that information in the DMI database and passes it to management applications as requested Simple Network Management Protocol The most widely used protocol for communicating management information between the managed elements of a network and a network manager SNMP focuses primarily on the network backbone The Internet standard protocol that manages nodes on an Internet Protocol IP network Array spanning by a logical drive combines storage space in two arrays of disk drives into a single contiguous storage space in a logical drive MegaRAID logical drives can span consecutively numbered arrays that each consist of the same number of disk drives Array spanning promotes RAID levels 1 and 5 to RAID levels 10 and 50 respectively See also Disk Spanning A disk drive available to back up the data of other drives The amount of data contiguously written to each disk You can speci
46. anagement The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 is part of the LSI Logic Intel GC80302 based MegaRAID controller family The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 is an entry level to mid range RAID controller solution MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 offers a cost effective way to implement RAID in a server The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 has an Ultra320 and Wide SCSI channel supporting data transfer rates up to 320 Mbytes s per channel The SCSI channel supports up to fifteen non Ultra SCSI devices The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 includes MegaRAID features and performance MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Hardware Guide 1 1 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 1 1 Features MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 features include e A high performance input output I O migration path while preserving existing PCI SCSI software e SCSI data transfers up to 320 Mbytes s e Synchronous operation on a Wide low voltage differential LVD SCSI bus e Support for up to 15 LVD SCSI devices on the Wide bus e An Intel GC30302 chip that performs RAID calculations and routing e Support for 32 or 64 Mbytes of SDRAM on board cache memory used for read and write back caching and for RAID 5 parity generation 1 2 SCSI Channel The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 upgrade card includes one Ultra3 SCSI channel The channel is powered by an LSI Logic 53C1020 Ultra320 SCSI processor 1 3 NVRAM and Flash ROM A 32 KB x 8 NVRAM stores RAID system configuration information The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 firmware is stored i
47. ause it is not possible to do migration on the last logical drive the maximum space available for RAID migration is 560 Gbytes A variant on the SCSI 2 interface Wide SCSI uses a 16 bit bus double the width of the original SCSI 1 Wide SCSI devices cannot be connected to a SCSI 1 bus Like Fast SCSI Wide SCSI supports transfer rates up to 20 Mbytes s C 9 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved C 10 Glossary Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Index Numerics 160M and Wide SCSI 4 1 68 pin connector pinout for LVD SCSI A 9 68 Pin High Density Connectors A 1 A AMPLIMITE 050 Series connectors A 8 Array C 1 Array Configuration Planner 5 14 Array management software C 1 Array performance features 4 3 Array spanning C 1 Assigning RAID levels 5 11 Asynchronous operations C 1 Audible Warnings B 1 Automatic failed drive detection and rebuild 4 4 BIOS 4 6 BIOS Boot Error Messages 7 3 BIOS Configuration Utility 6 17 BIOS message 6 16 Bus data transfer rate 4 6 Bus type 4 6 Bus based 2 11 Cc Cable assembly for internal Wide SCSI devices A 2 Cables To Go A 6 Cache configuration 4 6 Cache I O C 1 Cache Memory 4 7 Card size 4 6 Channel C 2 Cold swap C 2 Compatibility 4 10 Configuration on Disk 4 2 Creating hot spares 5 8 Creating logical drives 5 9 D Data redundancy Using mirroring 2 6 Data transfer capacity C 2 Dedicated parity 2
48. bility high request rates high data transfer and medium to large capacity Strong Points Provides high data throughput data redundancy and very good performance Weak Points Requires 2 to 4 times as many parity drives as RAID 5 Drives 6 to 15 The initiator takes one ID per channel This leaves 15 IDs available for one channel Figure 3 5 shows a RAID 50 array with six disk drives RAID 50 Array MegaRAID Coniroller Data Flow wee eee eS ee ee ee ee Se Se Se Se Se Se ee ee Se E E a es EE T i rset ee ee I I i i Segment 1 Segment 2 Parity 1 2 Segment 3 Segment 4 Parity 3 4 l 11 Segment 6 Parity 5 6 Segment 5 Segment 8 Parity 7 8 Segment 7 i i l i Parity 9 10 Segment 9 Segment 10 i Parity 11 12 Segment 11 Segment 12 ll AE wet Ne ee EEEE E E O Fo OE EEEN a EEEE E A ee Ji i RAID 0 3 8 RAID Levels Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Chapter 4 Features This chapter explains the features of the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 It contains the following sections e Section 4 1 SMART Technology e Section 4 2 Configuration on Disk e Section 4 3 Configuration Features e Section 4 4 Array Performance Features e Section 4 5 RAID Management Features e Section 4 6 Fault Tolerance Features e Section 4 7 Software Utilities e Section 4 8 Operating System Software Drivers e Section 4 9 Me
49. byte 4 M x 72 32 Mbyte 8 M x 72 64 Mbyte or 16 M x 72 128 Mbyte unbuffered 3 3 V SDRAM Possible configurations are 8 16 32 64 or 128 Mbytes The maximum achievable memory bandwidth is 528 Mbytes s MegaRAID supports write through or write back caching which can be selected for each logical drive To improve performance in sequential disk accesses MegaRAID does not use read ahead caching for the current logical drive The default setting for the read policy is Normal meaning no read ahead caching You can disable read ahead caching Warning Write caching is not recommended for the physical drives When write cache is enabled loss of data can occur when power is interrupted 4 9 3 MegaRAID BIOS The BIOS resides on a 1 MB x 8 flash ROM for easy upgrade The MegaRAID BIOS supports INT 13h calls to boot DOS without special MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Specifications 4 7 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved software or device drivers The MegaRAID BIOS provides an extensive setup utility that can be accessed by pressing lt Cirl gt lt M gt at BIOS initialization The MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility is described in the MegaRAID Configuration Software Guide 4 9 4 Serial Port MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 includes a 3 pin RS232C compatible serial port berg connector which can connect to communications devices 4 9 5 SCSI Bus MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 has a Fast and Wide Ultra320 SCSI channel that supports bo
50. c Corporation All rights reserved Figure 6 4 Terminating Internal and External Disk Arrays External SCSI Drives IDO IDO Boot Drive ID 1 No Termination ID2 ID3 ID 4 ID5 ID 6 Note Termination enabled from last SCSI drive SCSI 320 1 SCSI ID 7 a ee ae a me a ga en ea en ee E Sen SS Sey Se or ea sees eh 2 et eg ee St eed ss a SN Se FL Sith gee eS Seca Nes ey Gn et he ot Saar ae 6 10 Hardware Installation Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 6 2 4 6 Connecting Non Disk SCSI Devices SCSI tape drives and SCSI CD ROM drives must each have a unique SCSI ID regardless of the SCSI channel they are attached to The general rule for Unix systems is e Tape drive set to SCSI ID 2 e CD ROM drive set to SCSI ID 5 Caution Since all non disk SCSI devices are single ended it is not advisable to attach a non disk device to a MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 RAID controller if LVD disk drives are also attached This is because the SCSI bus will then operate in single ended mode Figure 6 5 Connecting Non Disk SCSI Devices a SS Si Seve Ft Sete ee doe Sane Se et ee et Feet Spree ie et Si ee tot IDO Boot Drive No Termination ID1 No Termination MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 ID2 SCSI ID 7 Termination Enabled Termination Enabled External SCSI External SCSI CD ROM Drive Tape Drive Installation Steps Copyright
51. ce in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a specific installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures 1 Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna 2 Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver 3 Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected 4 Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help Shielded interface cables must be used with this product to ensure compliance with the Class B FCC limits Model Number Series 520 Disclaimer LSI LOGIC certifies only that this product will work correctly when this product is used with the same jumper settings the same system configuration the same memory module parts and the same peripherals that were tested by LSI LOGIC with this product The complete list of tested jumper settings system configurations peripheral devices and memory modules are documented in the LSI LOGIC Compatibility Report for this product Call your LSI LOGIC sales representative for a copy of
52. combination of any two of the above conditions 2 3 3 Consistency Check A consistency check verifies the correctness of redundant data in a RAID array For example in a system with distributed parity checking consistency means computing the parity of the data drives and comparing the results to the contents of the parity drives 2 3 4 Fault Tolerance Fault tolerance is achieved through cooling fans power supplies and the ability to hot swap drives MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 provides hot swapping through the hot spare feature A hot spare drive is an unused online available drive that MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 instantly plugs into the system when an active drive fails After the hot spare is automatically moved into the RAID subsystem the failed drive is automatically rebuilt The RAID disk array continues to handle request while the rebuild occurs 2 3 5 Disk Striping 2 4 Disk striping writes data across multiple disk drives instead of just one disk drive as shown in Figure 2 1 Introduction to RAID Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Figure 2 1 Disk Striping MegaRAID Controller Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4 Segment 5 Segment 6 Segment 7 Segment 8 Segment 9 Segment 10 Segment 11 Segment 12 Disk striping involves partitioning each disk drive s storage space into stripes that can vary in size from 2 to 128 Kbytes These stripes are interleaved in a repeated sequential manne
53. ctors to internal non Wide Type 3 SCSI connectors is shown below Pin 1 oOoo00000000000000000000000000000000 OoOo00000000000000000000000000000000 PVCU eee eee ee Peet eoenenee viet rin reno Connector A 68 Position Plug Male a E AMP 786090 7 f E TLR are Connector B 50 Position Plug Male AMP 786090 7 Wire Flat Ribbon or Twisted Pair Flat Cable 50 Conductor 0 025 Centerline 30 AWG Oooo000D0000000000000000000 Oooo000000000000000000000 68 Pin High Density SCSI Internal Connector A 5 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved A 2 SCSI Cable and Connector Vendors Table A 1 lists SCSI cable vendors and contact information Table A 1 SCSI Cable Vendors Manufacturer Cables To Go Telephone Number Voice 800 826 7904 Fax 800 331 2841 System Connection Voice 800 877 1985 Technical Cable Concepts Voice 714 835 1081 GWC Voice 800 659 1599 Table A 2 table lists SCSI connector vendors Table A 2 SCSI Connector Vendors Manufacturer Connector Part Number Back Shell Part Number AMP 749111 4 749193 1 Fujitsu FCN 237R050 G F FCN 230C050 D E Honda PCS XE50MA PCS E50LA A 6 SCSI Cables and Connectors Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved A 3 High Density 68 Pin Connector Pinout for SE SCSI Table A 3 lists the pinout for the high density 68 pin connector for single ended SCSI Table A 3 High D
54. d MegaRAID are trademarks or registered trademarks of LSI Logic Corporation Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation MS DOS Microsoft Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation UNIX is a registered trademark of the Open Group Novell NetWare is a registered trademark of Novell Corporation ASPI is a registered trademark of Adaptec Inc All other brand and product names may be trademarks of their respective companies CD To receive product literature visit us at http www lsilogic com For a current list of our distributors sales offices and design resource centers view our web page located at http www lsilogic com contacts na_salesoffices html Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved FCC Regulatory Statement This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 this device may not cause harmful interference and 2 this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation Warning Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user s author ity to operate the equipment This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interferen
55. d parity data is written across a number of physical disk drives 100 protection through data mirroring 100 protection through data striping and parity All data is striped and parity data is written across all drives in two or more arrays 5 3 1 3 Maximizing Drive Performance You can configure an array for optimal performance But optimal drive configuration for one type of application will probably not be optimal for any other application A basic guideline of the performance 5 10 Configuring Physical Drives Arrays and Logical Drives Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved characteristics for RAID drive arrays at each RAID level is shown in Table 5 6 Table 5 6 Performance Characteristics for RAID Levels RAID Level Performance Characteristics Excellent for all types of I O activity but provides no data security Provides data redundancy and good performance Provides data redundancy and good performance in most environments Provides data redundancy and excellent performance Provides data redundancy and very good performance 5 3 2 Assigning RAID Levels Only one RAID level can be assigned to each logical drive Table 5 7 shows the drives required per RAID level Table 5 7 Number of Physical Drives for RAID Levels Minimum of Physical Drives Maximum of Physical Drives Note The Megaraid SCSI 320 1 controller supports a ma
56. data redundancy Weak Points Requires twice as many drives as all other RAID levels except RAID 1 Drives 4 to 16 Figure 3 4 shows a RAID 10 array with four disk drives RAID Levels Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Figure 3 4 RAID 10 Array MegaRAID Controller Data Flow Qa Se loom SoS Se ete Se See ee Se ee ete ey Segment 1 Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 3 Segment 4 Segment 4 Segment 5 Segment 5 Segment 6 Segment 6 i iii i i eB SS le I RAID 0 5 3 6 RAID 50 RAID 50 provides the features of both RAID 0 and RAID 5 including both parity and disk striping across multiple drives RAID 50 is best implemented on two RAID 5 disk arrays with data striped across both disk arrays RAID 50 breaks up data into smaller blocks and then stripes the blocks of data to each RAID 5 RAID set RAID 5 breaks up data into smaller blocks calculates parity by performing an exclusive or on the blocks and then writes the blocks of data and parity to each drive in the array The size of each block is determined by the stripe size parameter which is set during the creation of the RAID set RAID 50 3 7 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Figure 3 5 RAID 50 can sustain one to four drive failures while maintaining data integrity if each failed disk is in a different RAID 5 array Works best when used with data that requires high relia
57. disk or transmission Parity is used to generate a set of redundancy data from two or more parent data sets The redundancy data can be used to reconstruct one of the parent data sets although it does not fully duplicate the parent data sets In RAID this method is applied to entire drives or stripes across all disk drives in an array Parity data is distributed among all the drives in the system If a single disk drive fails the drive can be rebuilt from the parity of the respective data on the remaining drives An array virtual disk made up of logical disks rather than physical ones Also known as logical volume A hard disk drive that stores data A hard disk drive consists of one or more rigid magnetic discs rotating about a central axle with associated read write heads and electronics The ability of some adapters to detect when disk drives have been moved to a different slot in the computer for example after a hot swap A set of formal rules describing how to transmit data especially across a network Low level protocols define the electrical and physical standards to be observed bit and byte ordering and the transmission and error detection and correction of the bit stream High level protocols deal with the data formatting including the message syntax the terminal to computer dialogue character sets and sequencing of messages C 5 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved RAID RAID Levels
58. drive See also Array Spanning and Spanning A type of disk array mapping Consecutive stripes of data are mapped round robin to consecutive array members A striped array RAID 0 Glossary Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Disk Subsystem Double Buffering Failed Drive Fast SCSI Firmware FlexRAID Power Fail Option Format GByte Host based Array provides high I O performance at low cost but provides lowers data reliability than any of its member disks A collection of disks and the hardware that connects them to one or more host computers The hardware can include an intelligent controller or the disks can attach directly to a host computer I O bus adapter A technique that achieves maximum data transfer bandwidth by constantly keeping two I O requests for adjacent data outstanding A software component begins a double buffered I O stream by issuing two requests in rapid sequence Thereafter each time an I O request completes another is immediately issued If the disk subsystem is capable of processing requests fast enough double buffering allows data to be transferred at the full volume transfer rate A drive that has ceased to function or consistently functions improperly A variant on the SCSI 2 standard It uses the same 8 bit bus as the original SCSI 1 but runs at up to 10 Mbytes double the speed of SCSI 1 Software stored in read only memory ROM or Programmable ROM
59. ed as a unit when any part of the collection fails Typical replacement units in a disk subsystem includes disks controller logic boards power supplies and cables Also called a hot spare SCSl accessed fault tolerant enclosure An industry protocol for managing RAID enclosures and reporting enclosure environmental information Small computer system interface A processor independent standard for system level interfacing between a computer and intelligent devices including hard disks floppy disks CD ROM printers scanners etc Multiple SCSI devices can be connected to a single host adapter on the computer s bus SCSI transfers eight or 16 bits in parallel and can operate in either asynchronous or synchronous modes The synchronous transfer rate is up to 320 Mbytes s for Ultra320 SCSI SCSI connections normally use single ended drivers as opposed to differential drivers MegaRAID controls the disk drives through SCSI 2 buses channels over which the system transfers data in either Fast and Wide or Ultra SCSI mode Each adapter can control up to three SCSI channels Internal and external disk drives can be mixed on channels 0 and 1 but not on channel 2 A SCSI physical drive can be in one of these states e Online Powered on and operational e Ready Functioning normally but not part of a configured logical drive and not designated as a hot spare e Hot Spare Powered on stand by disk drive ready for use if an online disk f
60. el For disk I O data transfer capacity bandwidth is expressed in megabytes per second Mbytes s Used to describe a disk drive that has become non functional or has decreased in performance A nonvolatile randomly addressable rewritable mass storage device including both rotating magnetic and optical disks and solid state disks or nonvolatile electronic storage elements It does not include specialized devices such as write once read many WORM optical disks nor does it include so called RAM disks implemented using software to control a dedicated portion of a host computer volatile random access memory A collection of disks from one or more disk subsystems combined with array management software The software controls the disks and presents them to the array operating environment as one or more virtual disks A variation on disk mirroring in which a second disk adapter or host adapter and redundant disk drives are present Writing duplicate data to more than one usually two disk drives to protect against data loss in the event of device failure Disk mirroring is a common feature of RAID systems Disk spanning allows multiple disk drives to function like one big drive Spanning overcomes lack of disk space and simplifies storage management by combining existing resources or adding relatively inexpensive resources For example four 36 Gbyte disk drives can be combined to appear to the operating system as one single 144 Gbyte
61. ensity 68 Pin Connector Pinout SE SCSI Connector Cable Cable Connector Pin Pin Pin Pin Ground 2 DB 12 Ground DB 13 Ground DB 14 Ground DB 15 Ground DB P1 Ground DB 0 Ground DB 1 Ground DB 2 OO OIT NIT oO a AJ Ww PY Ground DB 3 Ground oO DB 4 Ground k DB 5 Ground 4 N DB 6 Ground 4 w DB 7 Ground i A DB P Ground ak o SWAP L Ground SHELF_OK TERMPWR TERMPWR TERMPWR TERMPWR Reserved Reserved Ground FAULT_CLK H Ground ATN High Density 68 Pin Connector Pinout for SE SCSI A 7 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Table A 3 High Density 68 Pin Connector Pinout SE SCSI Connector Cable Cable Connector Pin Pin Pin Ground FAULT_DATA H Ground BSY Ground ACK Ground RST Ground MSG Ground SEL Ground C D Ground REQ Ground I O Ground DB 8 Ground DB 9 Ground DB 10 Ground DB 11 The following applies to the high density SCSI connector described in Table A 3 e A hyphen before a signal name indicates that signal is active low e The connector pin refers to the conductor position when using 0 025 inch centerline flat ribbon cable with a high density connector AMPLIMITE 050 Series connectors e
62. evel Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Configuring SCSI Physical Drives Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Table 5 3 Physical Device Layout Cont Channel 1 Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level 5 2 Configuring Arrays 5 2 1 You organize the physical disk drives in arrays after they are connected to the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 and after they are formatted and initialized An array can consist of up to 15 physical disk drives depending on the RAID level The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 supports up to eight arrays The number of drives in an array determines the RAID levels that can be supported Arranging Arrays You must arrange the arrays to provide additional organization for the drive array You must arrange arrays so that you can create system drives that can function as boot devices You can sequentially arrange arrays with an identical number of drives so that the drives in the group are spanned Spanned drives can be treated as one large drive Data can be striped across multiple arrays as one logical drive You can create spanned drives by using the MegaRAID BIOS Setup utility or the MegaRAID Manager
63. f a disk drive fails an identical drive is immediately available The primary data source disk drive is the original disk drive A hot spare can be used to rebuild disk drives in RAID 1 5 10 or 50 systems If a hot spare is not available the failed disk drive must be replaced with a new disk drive so that the data on the failed drive can be rebuilt The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller automatically and transparently rebuilds failed drives with user definable rebuild rates If a hot spare is available the rebuild starts automatically when a drive fails MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 automatically restarts the system and the rebuild if the system goes down during a rebuild Rebuild Rate The rebuild rate is the fraction of the compute cycles dedicated to rebuilding failed drives A rebuild rate of 100 means the system is totally dedicated to rebuilding the failed drive RAID Overview 2 9 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 rebuild rate can be configured between 0 and 100 At 0 the rebuild is only done if the system is not doing anything else At 100 the rebuild has a higher priority than any other system activity 2 3 12 Logical Drive States Table 2 2 describes the logical drive states Table 2 2 Logical Drive States Optimal The drive operating condition is good All configured drives are online Degraded The drive operating condition is not optimal One of the c
64. fy stripe sizes of 4 8 16 32 64 and 128 Kbytes for each logical drive For best performance choose a stripe size equal to or smaller than the block size used by the host computer The number of disk drives across which the data is striped Segmentation of logically sequential data such as a single file so that segments can be written to multiple physical devices in a round robin fashion This technique is useful if the processor can read or write data faster than a single disk can supply or accept it While data is being transferred from the first disk the second disk can locate the next segment Data striping is used in some modern databases and in certain RAID devices A resistor connected to a signal wire in a bus or network for impedance matching to prevent reflections for example a 50 ohm resistor connected across the end of an Ethernet cable SCSI buses and some LocalTalk wiring schemes also require terminators Glossary Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Ultra320 Virtual Sizing Wide SCSI A subset of Ultra3 SCSI that allows a maximum throughput of 320 Mbytes s which is twice as fast as Wide Ultra2 SCSI Ultra320 SCSI provides 320 Mbytes s on a 16 bit connection FlexRAID virtual sizing is used to create a logical drive up to 80 Gbytes A maximum of 40 logical drives can be configured on a RAID controller and RAID migration is possible for all logical drives except the fortieth Bec
65. gaRAID SCSI 320 1 Specifications e Section 4 10 RAID Management e Section 4 11 Compatibility MegaRAID is a family of high performance intelligent PCl to SCSI host adapters with RAID control capabilities The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 has a SCSI channel that supports Ultra320 and Wide SCSI at data transfer rates up to 320 Mbytes s The SCSI channel supports up to 15 Wide devices and up to seven non Wide devices 4 1 SMART Technology The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Self Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology SMART detects up to 70 of all predictable drive failures SMART monitors the internal performance of all motors heads and drive electronics MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Hardware Guide 4 1 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 4 2 Configuration on Disk Configuration on Disk drive roaming saves configuration information both in nonvolatile random access memory NVRAM on the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 and on the disk drives controlled by the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 If the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 is replaced the new MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller can detect the actual RAID configuration maintaining the integrity of the data on each drive even if the drives have changed channel and or target ID 4 3 Configuration Features Table 4 1 contains the configuration features for the MegaRAID 320 1 Table 4 1 Configuration Features Specification Feature RAID levels 0 1 5 10 and 50 SCSI channels 1
66. high data throughput especially for large files Suitable for any environment that does not require fault tolerance Strong Points Provides increased data throughput for large files No capacity loss penalty for parity Weak Points Does not provide fault tolerance All data lost if any drive fails Drives 1 to 15 The initiator takes one ID per channel This leaves 15 IDs available for one channel Figure 3 1 shows a RAID 0 array with four disk drives RAID Levels Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Figure 3 1 RAID 0 Array MegaRAID Controller Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4 Segment 5 Segment 6 Segment 7 Segment 8 Segment 9 Segment 10 Segment 11 Segment 12 3 3 RAID 1 In RAID 1 the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 duplicates all data from one drive to a second drive RAID 1 provides complete data redundancy but at the cost of doubling the required data storage capacity Uses Use RAID 1 for small databases or any other environment that requires fault tolerance but small capacity Strong Points Provides complete data redundancy RAID 1 is ideal for any application that requires fault tolerance and minimal capacity Weak Points Requires twice as many disk drives Performance is impaired during drive rebuilds Drives 2 Figure 3 2 shows a RAID 1 array RAID 1 3 3 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 3 4 RAID 5
67. ibes the RAID levels including the number of drives required and the capacity Table 5 4 Capacity for RAID Levels Drives Description Required Capacity Striping Number of disks X capacity of without parity smallest disk Mirroring Capacity of smallest disk X 1 Striping with Number of disks X capacity of floating parity smallest disk capacity of 1 disk drive Creating Logical Drives 5 9 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Table 5 4 Capacity for RAID Levels Cont Description Mirroring and Striping Drives Required 4 14 Must be a multiple of 2 Capacity Number of disks X capacity of smallest disk 2 RAID 5 and Striping 6 15 Must be a multiple Number of disks X capacity of smallest disk capacity of 1 disk X of the number of arrays number of Arrays Note The Megaraid SCSI 320 1 controller supports a maximum of 15 physical drives 5 3 1 2 Maximizing Drive Availability You can maximize the availability of data on the physical disk drive in the logical array by maximizing the level of fault tolerance Table 5 5 describes the levels of fault tolerance for the RAID levels Table 5 5 Fault Tolerance for RAID Levels RAID Level Fault Tolerance Protection No fault tolerance 100 protection through data mirroring 100 protection through striping and parity The data is striped an
68. ing 6 3 L Linux Red Hat 4 5 Logical disk C 4 Logical drive 2 3 C 4 Logical drive states 2 10 Mapping C 4 MB C 5 MegaRAID BIOS 4 7 MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility 4 9 MegaRAID Manager 4 10 MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 card Installing 6 12 MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 card layout 6 3 Mirroring 2 6 MS DOS 6 17 Multi threaded C 5 Multi threading 4 9 N Nonvolatile RAM 4 6 Novell NetWare 4 5 6 17 NVRAM 1 2 O Offline 2 10 Online Drive state 2 10 Operating environment C 5 Operating system software drivers 4 5 Operating voltage 4 6 Optimal 2 10 Optimizing Data Storage 5 12 IX 2 Index Other BIOS error messages 7 4 P Parity 2 8 C 5 Partition C 5 PCI controller 4 6 Physical array 2 3 Physical disk C 5 Physical disk roaming C 5 Physical drive 2 3 Power Console Plus 4 10 Processor 4 6 Product specifications 4 6 Protocol C 5 R RAID C 6 Benefits 2 1 Introduction to 2 1 RAID 0 3 2 RAID 1 3 3 Spanning to configure RAID 10 2 8 RAID 10 3 6 Configuring 2 8 RAID 5 3 4 Spanning to make RAID 50 2 8 RAID 50 3 7 Configuring 2 8 RAID benefits Improved I O 2 1 Increased reliability 2 2 RAID levels 1 v 3 1 C 6 RAID levels supported 4 6 RAID management 4 9 RAID management features 4 4 RAID migration C 6 RAID overview 2 3 Read ahead C 6 Ready 2 10 Ready state C 6 Rebuild 2 10 4 9 Rebuild rate 2 9 C 6 Rebuilding a disk 2 9 Reconnect 4 9 Reconstruct C 6 Reconstruction C 6 Red Hat Linux 6 17 RedAlert 4 1
69. ing Physical Drives Arrays and Logical Drives Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Table 5 9 Array Configuration Planner Cont Possible Relative Fault Effective of Drives RAID Levels Performance Tolerance Capacity 8 RAID 0 Excellent No 100 8 RAID 5 Good Yes 87 8 RAID 10 Good Yes 50 8 RAID 50 Good Yes 75 5 15 Planning the Array Configuration Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 5 16 Configuring Physical Drives Arrays and Logical Drives Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Chapter 6 Hardware Installation This chapter explains how to install the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller It contains the following sections e Section 6 1 Hardware Requirements e Section 6 2 Installation Steps e Section 6 3 Summary 6 1 Hardware Requirements You must have the following in order to install the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller and create arrays e A host computer with the following A motherboard with 5 V 3 3 V PCI expansion slots that has an available expansion slot Support for PCI version 2 2 or later Intel Pentium Pentium Pro or more powerful CPU Floppy drive color monitor VGA adapter card mouse and keyboard e The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Installation CD e The necessary internal and or external SCSI cables and terminators this depends on the number and type of SC
70. ion below so that we may contact you directly for clarification or additional information Name Date Telephone Fax Title Department Mail Stop Company Name Street City State Zip Customer Feedback Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved
71. ler as a RAID 0 This is due to the same data being written to each drive A memory caching capability in some adapters that allows them to read sequentially ahead of requested data and store the additional data in cache memory anticipating that the additional data will be needed soon Read Ahead supplies sequential data faster but it is not as effective when accessing random data A condition in which a workable disk drive is neither online nor a hot spare and is available to add to an array or to designate as a hot spare The regeneration of all data from a failed disk in a RAID level 1 or 5 array to a replacement disk A disk rebuild normally occurs without interruption of application access to data stored on the array virtual disk The percentage of CPU resources devoted to rebuilding The act of remaking a logical drive after changing RAID levels or adding a physical drive to an existing array Glossary Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Redundancy Replacement Disk Replacement Unit SAF TE SCSI SCSI Channel SCSI Drive State The provision of multiple interchangeable components to perform a single function to cope with failures or errors Redundancy normally applies to hardware disk mirroring is a common form of hardware redundancy A disk available to replace a failed member disk in a RAID array A component or collection of components in a disk subsystem that is always replac
72. male AMP 786096 7 e Note To convert to 2 56 holes use EER g screwlock kit 749087 1 749087 2 or 750644 1 from Connectors B 68 Position Plug Male Vitter AMP 786090 7 1 eee Cable Flat Ribbon or Twisted Pair Pini P Flat Cable 68 Conductor 0 025 Centerline oooooororro00r00C 0C0OC 0C0O 0OC0COCO C0OC 0C 0C0000000 30 AWG ooooo0ororr000C0C00000000C000000000000 Pin 1 68 Pin High Density SCSI Internal Connector A 3 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved A 1 3 Converting Internal Wide to Internal Non Wide Type 2 The cable assembly for converting internal Wide SCSI connectors to internal non Wide Type 2 SCSI connectors is shown below 68 Position Connector Contact Number 17 51 18 Conversion 50 Position Connector Contact Number 6 e _ _ _ _ e 1 40 e _ _ _e 2 7 e e 3 41 e _ _ e 4 49 e ______ 20 16 e _ 21 50 e _ _ _ _ 22 23 24 25 52 e _ _ _ _ _ 26 19 e _ _e 27 29 e ___ ___ e 47 63 e __e 48 30 e _ _ _ __e 49 64 e _ _ _ _ e 50 Table 1 Connector Contact Connection for Wide to Non Wide SCSI Cables and Connectors Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Pin 1 D0DDDDDODODDDDDO0DD0ODD0000O0D000D OOOO 0000000 0000000 0o000o0o000000000 PETE TTT
73. method in which data along with parity information is distributed among two or more hard disks called an array to improve performance and reliability The RAID array appears to the host computer as a single storage unit or as multiple logical units I O is expedited because several disks can be accessed simultaneously RAID systems provide improved data storage reliability and fault tolerance compared to single drive computers If a disk drive in a RAID array fails data can be reconstructed from the data and parity information on the remaining disk drives 2 1 RAID Benefits RAID is widely used because it improves I O performance and increases storage subsystem reliability RAID provides data security through fault tolerance and redundant data storage The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 management software configures and monitors RAID disk arrays 2 1 1 Improved I O Although disk drive capabilities have improved drastically actual performance of individual disk drives has been improved only three to four times in the last decade RAID provides a way to achieve much better data throughput MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Hardware Guide 2 1 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 2 1 2 Increased Reliability The electromechanical components of a disk subsystem operate more slowly require more power and generate more noise and vibration than electronic devices These factors reduce the reliability of data stored on disks RAID
74. n 3 1 Selecting a RAID Level Section 3 2 RAID 0 Section 3 3 RAID 1 Section 3 4 RAID 5 Section 3 5 RAID 10 Section 3 6 RAID 50 3 1 Selecting a RAID Level To ensure the best performance you should select the optimal RAID level when you create a system drive The optimal RAID level for your disk array depends on a number of factors The number of drives in the disk array The capacity of the drives in the array The need for data redundancy The disk performance requirements Note The SCSI 320 1 controller supports a maximum of 15 physical drives MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Hardware Guide 3 1 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 3 2 RAID 0 3 2 RAID 0 provides disk striping across all drives in the RAID subsystem RAID 0 does not provide any data redundancy but does offer the best performance of any RAID level RAID 0 breaks up data into smaller blocks and then writes a block to each drive in the array The size of each block is determined by the stripe size parameter set during the creation of the RAID set RAID 0 offers high bandwidth By breaking up a large file into smaller blocks MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 can use several drives to read or write the file faster RAID O involves no parity calculations to complicate the write operation This makes RAID 0 ideal for applications that require high bandwidth but do not require fault tolerance Uses RAID 0 provides
75. n data 6 2 3 3 J4 BIOS Enable J4 is a 2 pin header that enables or disables the MegaRAID onboard BIOS The onboard BIOS should be enabled J4 unjumpered for normal board position Table 6 3 shows the jumper settings Table 6 3 Pinout for J4 BIOS Enable J4 Seiting Onboard BIOS Status Unjumpered Enabled Jumpered Disabled 6 2 3 4 J5 SCSI Activity LED J5 is a two pin connector that attaches to a cable that connects to the hard disk LED mounted on the computer enclosure The LED indicates data transfers SCSI bus activity 6 2 3 5 J6 Serial Port J6 is a 3 pin header that attaches to a serial cable This is used for test purposes only 6 2 3 6 J8 Connector for Optional BBU Daughter Card J8 is 40 pin connector that is used to mount an optional battery backup unit that is on a daughtercard 6 2 3 7 J9 SCSI Bus Termination Power J9 is a 2 pin jumper The factory setting is pins 1 2 shorted Leave at the default setting jumper installed for J9 to allow the PCI bus to provide termination power Installation Steps 6 5 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 6 2 3 8 J10 Termination Enable J10 is a three pin header that specifies hardware or software control of SCSI termination as shown in Table 6 4 Leave at the default setting jumper on pins 1 and 2 to allow the MegaRAID controller to automatically set its own SCSI termination Table 6 4 Pinout for J10 Termination Enable Type of SC
76. n flash ROM for easy upgrade 1 4 SCSI Connectors The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 has one very high density 68 pin external connector for external storage subsystem and one high density 68 pin internal connector 1 2 Overview Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 1 5 Single Ended and Differential SCSI Buses The SCSI standard defines two electrical buses e Single ended bus e Low voltage differential bus 1 6 Maximum Cable Length for SCSI Standards Table 1 1 lists the maximum SCSI cable length and number of disk drives that you can use depending on the SCSI speeds and type of device Table 1 1 Maximum Cable Length for SCSI Standards Single Ended Low Voltage Maximum of Standard SCSI Differential SCSI Drives Ultra SCSI Ultra SCSI Wide Ultra SCSI Wide Ultra SCSI Wide Ultra SCSI Ultra 2 SCSI Ultra 2 SCSI Wide Ultra 2 SCSI Wide Ultra 2 SCSI Ultra160 SCSI Ultra160 SCSI Wide Ultra160 SCSI Wide Ultra160 SCSI Ultra320 Ultra320 Single Ended and Differential SCSI Buses 1 3 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 1 7 SCSI Bus Widths and Maximum Throughput Table 1 2 lists the SCSI bus widths and maximum throughput based on the SCSI speeds Table 1 2 SCSI Bus Widths and Maximum Throughput SCSI Standard SCSI Bus Width SCSI Throughput Fast Wide SCSI 16 bits 20 Mbytes s Wide Ultra SCSI
77. nnect MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 to Wide SCSI devices The following connector pinouts are provided for both single ended and differential primary bus P CABLE as specified in the SPI SCSI Parallel Interface documentation The cable assemblies that interface with the 68 pin connector are e Flat ribbon or twisted pair cable for connecting internal Wide SCSI devices e Round shielded cable for connecting external Wide SCSI devices MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Hardware Guide A 1 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved A 1 1 Cable Assembly for Internal Wide SCSI Devices The cable assembly for connecting internal Wide SCSI devices is shown below Pin 1 oo000000000000000000000000000000000 oo00000000000000000000000000000000 oo000000000000000000000000000000000 oo000o00oo00000000000000000000000000 ODoOoo0gogob ooo ooo o00oo0o00oo0oo0o00o00o0000000000 oo000000000000000000000000000000000 SCSI Cables and Connectors Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Connectors 68 Position Plug Male AMP 786090 7 Cable Flat Ribbon or Twisted Pair Flat Cable 68 Conductor 0 025 Centerline 30 AWG A 1 2 Connecting Internal and External Wide Devices The cable assembly for connecting internal Wide and external Wide SCSI devices is shown below A POPP Pina PRERERCE UREA SE a te actuaries oe event nay Connector A 68 Position Panel Mount Receptacle with 4 40 Holes Fe
78. onfigured drives has failed or is offline Failed The drive has failed Offline The drive is not available to MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 2 3 13 SCSI Drive States A SCSI disk drive can be in one of the states described in Table 2 3 Table 2 3 SCSI Drive States Online ONLIN The drive is functioning normally and is a part of a configured logical drive Ready READY The drive is functioning normally but is not part of a configured logical drive and is not designated as a hot spare Hot Spare HOTSP The drive is powered up and ready for use as a Spare in case an online drive fails Fail FAIL A fault has occurred in the drive placing it out of service Rebuild REB The drive is being rebuilt with data from a failed drive Introduction to RAID Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 2 3 14 Disk Array Types Table 2 4 describes the RAID disk array types Table 2 4 Disk Array Types Type Description Software The array is managed by software running in a host computer Based using the host CPU bandwidth The disadvantages associated with this method are the load on the host CPU and the need for different software for each operating system SCSI to SCSI The array controller resides outside of the host computer and communicates with the host through a SCSI adapter in the host The array management software runs in the controller It is transparent to the ho
79. orporation All rights reserved Physical Device Layout Cont Channel 0 Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Preface Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Physical Device Layout Cont Channel 0 Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number Drive number Manufacturer Model number Firmware level Target ID Preface Copyright 2
80. otential Problems Information DOS ASPI MEGASPI SYS the MegaRAID DOS ASPI manager uses 6 Kbytes of system memory once it is loaded CD drives under At this time copied CDs are not accessible from DOS even after loading DOS MEGASPI SYS and MEGACDR SYS Physical drive errors To display the MegaRAID Manager Media Error and Other Error options select the Objects menu then Physical Drive Select a physical drive and press lt F2 gt The windows displays the number of errors A Media Error is an error that occurred while actually transferring data An Other Error is an error that occurs at the hardware level because of a device failure poor cabling bad termination signal loss etc Virtual sizing The virtual sizing option enables RAID expansion Virtual sizing must be enabled to increase the size of a logical drive or add a physical drive to an existing logical drive Run the BIOS Configuration Utility by pressing lt Ctrl gt lt M gt to enable virtual sizing Select Objects then Logical Drive Next select View Update Parameters then set Virtual Sizing to Enabled BSD Unix We do not provide a driver for BSDI Unix MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 does not support BSDI Unix Multiple LUNs MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 supports one logical unit number LUN per each target ID No multiple LUN devices are supported Other Potential Problems 7 5 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Table 7 4 Other Poten
81. p to 320 Mbytes s SCSI bus LVD or single ended SCSI termination Active single ended or LVD Termination disable Automatic through cable and device detection Devices per SCSI channel Up to 15 Wide or 7 non Wide SCSI devices Up to 6 non disk SCSI drives per MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller SCSI device types supported Synchronous or asynchronous Disk and non disk RAID levels supported Features 0 1 5 10 and 50 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 4 9 1 Table 4 6 MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Specifications Cont Parameter Specification SCSI connectors One 68 pin internal high density connector for 16 bit SCSI devices One very high density 68 pin external connector for Ultra and Wide SCSI Serial port 3 pin RS232C compatible berg PCI Bridge CPU MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 uses the Intel GC80302 PCI bridge with an embedded 80960JT RISC processor running at 66 MHz The GC80302 bridge handles data transfers between the primary host PCI bus the secondary PCI bus cache memory and the SCSI bus The DMA controller supports chaining and unaligned data transfers The embedded 80960JT CPU directs all controller functions including command processing SCSI bus transfers RAID processing drive rebuilding cache management and error recovery 4 9 2 Cache Memory MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 cache memory resides in an onboard memory bank that uses 2 M x 72 16 M
82. provides a way to achieve much better fault tolerance and data reliability 2 2 MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Host Based RAID Solution 2 2 1 2 2 RAID products are either host based or external The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller is a host based RAID solution The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 is a PCI adapter card that is installed in any available PCI expansion slot in a host system Host Based RAID A host based RAID product puts all of the RAID intelligence on an adapter card that is installed in a network server A host based RAID product provides the best performance MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 is part of the file server so it can transmit data directly across the computer s buses at data transfer speeds up to 532 Mbytes s The available sequential data transfer rate is determined by the following factors e The sustained data transfer rate on the motherboard PCI bus e The sustained data transfer rate on the GC80302 PCl to PCl bridge e The sustained data transfer rate of the SCSI controller e The sustained data transfer rate of the SCSI devices e The number of SCSI channels e The number of SCSI disk drives Host based solutions must provide operating system specific drivers Introduction to RAID Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 2 2 2 SCSI to SCSI External RAID A SCSI to SCSI external RAID product puts the RAID intelligence inside the RAID chassis and uses a plain SCSI host adapter installed in the network
83. r The combined storage space is composed of stripes from each drive MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 supports stripe sizes of 2 4 8 16 32 64 or 128 Kbytes For example in a four disk system using only disk striping as in RAID level 0 segment 1 is written to disk 1 segment 2 is written to disk 2 and so on Disk striping enhances performance because multiple drives are accessed simultaneously but disk striping does not provide data redundancy 2 3 5 1 Stripe Width Stripe width is a measure of the number of disks involved in an array where striping is implemented For example a four disk array with disk striping has a stripe width of four RAID Overview 2 5 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 2 3 5 2 Stripe Size The stripe size is the length of the interleaved data segments that MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 writes across multiple drives MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 supports stripe sizes of 2 4 8 16 32 64 or 128 Kbytes 2 3 6 Disk Mirroring With disk mirroring used in RAID 1 data written to one disk drive is simultaneously written to another disk drive as shown in Figure 2 2 Figure 2 2 Disk Mirroring MegaRAID Controller Segment 1 Segment 1 Duplicated Segment 2 Segment 2 Duplicated Segment 3 Segment 3 Duplicated Segment 4 Segment 4 Duplicated If one disk drive fails the contents of the other disk drive can be used to run the system and reconstruct the failed drive The primary advantage
84. rights reserved IX 3 IX 4 Index Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved LSI Logic Confidential Customer Feedback We would appreciate your feedback on this document Please copy the following page add your comments and fax it to us at the number shown If appropriate please also fax copies of any marked up pages from this document Important Please include your name phone number fax number and company address so that we may contact you directly for clarification or additional information Thank you for your help in improving the quality of our documents MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Hardware Guide 1 1 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved LSI Logic Confidential Reader s Comments 1 2 Fax your comments to LSI Logic Corporation Technical Publications M S E 198 Fax 408 433 4333 Please tell us how you rate this document MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Hard ware Guide Place a check mark in the appropriate blank for each cate gory Excellent Good Average Fair Poor Completeness of information Clarity of information Ease of finding information Technical content Usefulness of examples and illustrations Overall manual What could we do to improve this document If you found errors in this document please specify the error and page number If appropriate please fax a marked up copy of the page s Please complete the informat
85. roubleshooting This chapter provides troubleshooting information for the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller It contains the following sections e Section 7 1 General Troubleshooting e Section 7 2 BIOS Boot Error Messages e Section 7 3 Other BIOS Error Messages e Section 7 4 Other Potential Problems 7 1 General Troubleshooting Table 7 1 lists the general problems that can occur along with suggested solutions Table 7 1 General Problems and Suggested Solutions Problem Suggested Solution Some operating systems do not load in Check the system BIOS configuration for PCI interrupt a computer with a MegaRAID SCSI assignments Make sure some Interrupts are assigned for 320 1 controller PCI Initialize the logical drive before installing the operating system One of the hard drives in the array fails Check the drive error counts using Power Console Plus often See the MegaRAID Configuration Software Guide for more information Format the drive Rebuild the drive If the drive continues to fail replace it with another drive with the same capacity MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Hardware Guide 7 1 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Table 7 1 General Problems and Suggested Solutions Cont Problem Suggested Solution Pressed lt Ctrl gt lt M gt Ran Megaconf exe and tried to make a new configuration The system hangs when scanning devices Check the drives
86. server The data transfer rate is limited to the bandwidth of the SCSI channel A SCSI to SCSI external RAID product that has two Wide SCSI channels operating at speeds up to 320 Mbytes s must squeeze the data into a single Wide SCSI 820 Mbytes s channel back to the host computer In SCSI to SCSI external RAID products the disk drive subsystem uses only a single SCSI ID which allows you to connect multiple drive subsystems to a single SCSI controller 2 3 RAID Overview RAID is a collection of specifications that describes a system for ensuring the reliability and stability of data stored on large disk subsystems A RAID system can be implemented in a number of different versions or RAID levels MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 supports standard RAID levels 0 1 and 5 and RAID levels 10 and 50 special RAID versions supported by MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 2 3 1 Physical Array A RAID array is a collection of physical disk drives governed by the RAID management software A RAID array appears to the host computer as one or more logical drives 2 3 2 Logical Drive A logical drive is a partition in a physical array of disks that is made up of contiguous data segments on the physical disks A logical drive can consist of any of the following e An entire physical array e More than one entire physical array e A part of an array e Parts of more than one array RAID Overview 2 3 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved e A
87. st and independent of the host operating system The disadvantage is the limited data transfer rate of the SCSI channel between the SCSI adapter and the array controller Bus Based The array controller resides on the bus for example a PCI or EISA bus in the host computer and has its own CPU to generate the parity and handle other RAID functions A bus based controller can transfer data at the speed of the host bus PCI ISA EISA VL Bus but is limited to the bus it is designed for MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 resides on a PCI bus which can handle data transfer at up to 132 Mbytes s With MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 the channel can handle data transfer rates up to 320 Mbytes s per SCSI channel 2 3 15 Enclosure Management Enclosure management is the intelligent monitoring of the disk subsystem by software and or hardware The disk subsystem can be part of the host computer or can be separate from it Enclosure management helps you stay informed of events in the disk subsystem such as a drive or power supply failure Enclosure management increases the fault tolerance of the disk subsystem RAID Overview 2 11 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 2 12 Introduction to RAID Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Chapter 3 RAID Levels This chapter describes each supported RAID level and the factors to consider when choosing a RAID level It contains the following sections Sectio
88. ta transfer rate 320 Mbytes s Stripe sizes 2 4 8 16 32 64 or 128 Kbytes Array Performance Features 4 3 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 4 5 RAID Management Features Table 4 3 lists the RAID management features Table 4 3 RAID Management Features Specification Feature Support for SNMP Yes Performance Monitor provided Yes Remote control and monitoring Yes Event broadcast and event alert Yes Hardware connector RS232C Drive roaming Yes Support for concurrent multiple stripe sizes Yes Windows NT 2000 XP and NET server support using a GUI Yes client utility 4 6 Fault Tolerance Features Table 4 4 lists the fault tolerance features Table 4 4 Fault Tolerance Features Specification Feature Support for SMART Yes Enclosure management SCSl accessed fault tolerant enclosure SAF TE compliant Drive failure detection Automatic Drive rebuild using hot spares Automatic Parity generation for RAID Hardware 4 4 Features Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 4 7 Software Utilities Table 4 5 lists the software utility features Table 4 5 Software Utilities Specification Feature Graphical user interface Management utility Bootup configuration using MegaRAID Manager Online read write and cache policy switching 4 8 Operating System Software Drivers MegaRAI
89. th LVD and single ended devices with active termination Synchronous and asynchronous devices are supported MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 provides automatic termination disable using cable detection The SCSI channel supports up to 15 Wide or seven non Wide SCSI devices at speeds up to 320 Mbytes s MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 supports up to six non disk devices per controller 4 9 6 SCSI Connectors The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 has two types of SCSI connectors e 68 pin high density internal connector e 68 pin very high density external connector Both connector types can be used for the SCSI channel 4 9 7 SCSI Termination 4 8 The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 uses active termination on the SCSI bus conforming to Alternative 2 of the SCSI 2 specifications Termination enable disable is automatic through cable detection Features Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 4 9 8 SCSI Firmware The MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 firmware handles all RAID and SCSI command processing and also supports the features listed in Table 4 7 Table 4 7 SCSI Firmware Feature Description Disconnect Optimizes SCSI bus seek reconnect Tagged command Multiple tags to improve random access queuing Scatter gather Multiple address count pairs Multi threading Up to 255 simultaneous commands with elevator sorting and concatenation of requests per SCSI channel Stripe size Variable for all logical drives 2 4 8 16 32 64 or 128 Kbytes
90. the RAID overhead is not offset by the performance gains in handling simultaneous processes Drives 3 to 15 Figure 3 3 shows a RAID 5 array with six disk drives Figure 3 3 RAID 5 Array Note Parity is distributed across drives in the array Segment 1 Segment 7 Parity 9 12 MegaRAID Controller Data Flow Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4 Segment 5 Segment 6 Segment 8 Segment 9 Segment 10 Segment 11 Segment 12 Parity 5 8 Parity 1 4 RAID 5 3 5 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 3 5 RAID 10 3 6 RAID 10 is a combination of RAID 0 and RAID 1 RAID 10 has mirrored drives RAID 10 breaks up data into smaller blocks and then stripes the blocks of data to each RAID 1 RAID set Each RAID 1 RAID set then duplicates its data to its other drive The size of each block is determined by the stripe size parameter which is set during the creation of the RAID set RAID 10 can sustain one to four drive failures while maintaining data integrity if each failed disk is in a different RAID 1 array Uses Works best for data storage that must have 100 redundancy of mirrored arrays and that also needs the enhanced I O performance of RAID 0 striped arrays RAID 10 works well for medium sized databases or any environment that requires a higher degree of fault tolerance and moderate to medium capacity Strong Points Provides both high data transfer rates and complete
91. tial Problems Cont Information MegaRAID power The maximum MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 power requirements are 15 W at 5 V requirements and 3 A SCSI bus The ANSI specification dictates the following requirements e The maximum signal path length between terminators is 3 meters when using up to 4 maximum capacitance 25 pF devices and 1 5 meters when using more than 4 devices SCSI devices should be uniformly spaced between terminators with the end devices located as close as possible to the terminators The characteristic impedance of the cable should be 90 6 ohms for the REQ and ACK signals and 90 10 ohms for all other signals The stub length the distance from the controller s external connector to the mainline SCSI bus shall not exceed 0 1m approximately 4 inches The spacing of devices on the mainline SCSI bus should be at least three times the stub length All signal lines shall be terminated once at both ends of the bus powered by the TERMPWR line Windows NT When Windows NT is installed using a bootable CD the devices on the Installation MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 will not be recognized until after the initial reboot The Microsoft documented workaround is in SETUP TXT SETUP TXT is on the CD Perform the following steps to install drivers when Setup recognizes one of the supported SCSI host adapters without making the devices attached to it available for use 1 Restart Windows NT Setup 2 Press lt F6 gt to pre
92. tion All rights reserved e Chapter 6 Hardware Installation explains how to install the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller e Chapter 7 Troubleshooting provides troubleshooting information for the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller e Appendix A SCSI Cables and Connectors describes the SCSI cables and connectors used with the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller e Appendix B Audible Warnings explains the meaning of the warning tones generated by the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller e Appendix C Glossary defines many terms used in this manual Technical Support If you need help installing configuring or running the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Controller you may be able to find the information you need at the MegaRAID support page at http megaraid silogic com If this does not resolve your problem you can call your LSI Logic OEM Technical Support representative at 678 728 1250 Before you call please complete the MegaRAID Problem Report form MegaRAID Problem Report Form Customer Information MegaRAID Information Name Today s Date Company Date of Purchase Address Invoice Number City State Serial Number Country Email Address Cache Memory Phone Firmware Version Fax BIOS Version System Information Motherboard BIOS manufacturer vi Preface Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved MegaRAID Problem Report Form Cont Operating System BIOS
93. uide Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved While you were away from the system a disk drive in a RAID 1 or 5 configuration failed and was rebuilt B 1 B 2 Audible Warnings Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Array Array Management Software Array Spanning Asynchronous Operations Cache I O Appendix C Glossary A grouping of individual disk drives that combines the storage space on the disk drives into a single segment of contiguous storage space MegaRAID can group disk drives on one or more SCSI channels into an array Software that provides common control and management for a disk array Array management software most often executes in a disk controller or intelligent host bus adapter but it can also execute in a host computer When array management software executes in a disk controller or adapter it is often called firmware Array spanning by a logical drive combines storage space in two arrays of disk drives into a single contiguous storage space in a logical drive MegaRAID logical drives can span consecutively numbered arrays that have the same number of disk drives Array spanning promotes RAID levels 1 and 5 to RAID levels 10 and 50 respectively See also Disk Spanning Operations that bear no relationship to each other in time and can overlap The concept of asynchronous I O operations is central to independent access arrays in throughp
94. ut intensive applications A small amount of fast memory that holds recently accessed data Caching speeds subsequent access to the same data It is most often applied to processor memory access but it can also be used to store a copy of data accessible over a network When data is read from or written to main memory a copy is also saved in cache memory with the associated main memory address The cache memory software monitors the addresses of subsequent reads to see if the required data is already stored in cache memory If it is already in cache memory a cache hit the data is read from cache memory immediately and the main memory read is aborted or not started If the data is not cached a cache miss it is fetched from main memory and saved in cache memory MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 Hardware Guide C 1 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Channel Consistency Check Cold Swap Data Transfer Capacity Degraded Disk Disk Array Disk Duplexing Disk Mirroring Disk Spanning Disk Striping C 2 An electrical path for the transfer of data and control information between a disk and a disk controller An examination of the disk system to determine whether all conditions are valid for the specified configuration such as parity A cold swap requires that you turn the power off before replacing a defective disk drive in a disk subsystem The amount of data per unit time moved through a chann
95. vent Windows NT Setup from performing disk controller detection when Windows NT Setup displays the following Setup is inspecting your computer s hardware configuration This allows you to install the driver from the drivers disk you created All SCSI adapters must be installed manually Press lt S gt to display a list of supported SCSI host adapters when Windows NT Setup displays the following Setup could not determine the type of one or more mass storage devices installed in your system or you have chosen to manually specify an adapter Select Other from the bottom of the list Insert the drivers disk you made when prompted to do so and select Mega RAID SCSI 320 1 from this list In some cases Windows NT Setup repeatedly prompts to swap disks Windows NT will recognize any devices attached to this adapter Repeat this step for each host adapter not already recognized by Windows NT Setup 7 6 Troubleshooting Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved Appendix A SCSI Cables and Connectors MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 provides several different types of SCSI connectors The connectors are e One 68 pin high density internal connector e One 68 pin very high density external connector A 1 68 Pin High Density SCSI Internal Connector The SCSI channel on the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller has a 68 pin high density 0 050 inch pitch unshielded connector This connector provides all signals needed to co
96. ximum of 15 physical drives Creating Logical Drives 5 11 Copyright 2002 by LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 5 4 Configuring Logical Drives 5 4 1 5 4 1 1 5 4 1 2 5 12 After you have installed the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller in the server and have attached all physical disk drives perform the following actions to prepare a RAID array 1 Optimize the MegaRAID SCSI 320 1 controller options for your system See Chapter 6 for additional information 2 If necessary perform a low level format of the SCSI drives that will be included in the array and the drives to be used for hot spares Press lt Ctrl gt lt M gt to run the MegaRAID Manager 4 Customize the RAID array and define and configure one or more logical drives by selecting Easy Configuration or New Configuration 5 Create and configure one or more system drives logical drives by selecting the RAID level cache policy read policy and write policy 6 Save the configuration 7 Initialize the system drives After initialization you can install the operating system Optimizing Data Storage Data Access Requirements Each type of data stored in the disk subsystem has a different frequency of read and write activity If you know the data access requirements you can more successfully determine a strategy for optimizing the disk subsystem capacity availability and performance Servers that support Video on Demand typically read the data
97. y LSI Logic Corporation All rights reserved 2 3 8 Parity Table 2 1 describes how disk spanning is used for RAID 10 and RAID 50 Table 2 1 Spanning for RAID 10 and RAID 50 10 Configure RAID 10 by spanning two contiguous RAID 1 logical drives The RAID 1 logical drives must have the same stripe size 50 Configure RAID 50 by spanning two contiguous RAID 5 logical drives The RAID 5 logical drives must have the same stripe size Note Spanning two contiguous RAID 0 logical drives does not produce a new RAID level or add fault tolerance It does increase the size of the logical volume and improves performance by doubling the number of spindles Parity generates a set of redundancy data from two or more parent data sets The redundancy data can be used to reconstruct one of the parent data sets Parity data does not fully duplicate the parent data sets In RAID this method is applied to entire drives dedicated parity or to stripes across all disk drives in an array distributed parity RAID 5 combines distributed parity with disk striping If a single disk drive fails it can be rebuilt from the parity and the data on the remaining drives Parity provides redundancy for one drive failure without duplicating the contents of entire disk drives but parity generation can slow the write process 2 3 9 Hot Spares 2 8 A hot spare is an extra unused disk drive that is part of the disk subsystem It is usually in standby

LSI MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 RAID Controller Series 520 User's Manual

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