Lowrance electronic X-16 User's Manual
Contents
1. NOTICE Periodically wash the Trans ducer Face with soap and water to remove any oil film that may collect Oil and dirt on the face will reduce sensitivity or may even prevent sounding GOT A PROBLEM LET US HELP If you have a problem with your sonar unit please give us a chance to help before sending it in for repair Assistance can often be ex tended by telephone or letter Write or call one of our Authorized Service Centers or the Lowrance Electronics Inc Customer Ser vice Department in Tulsa OK Toll free 1 800 331 3889 Litho in U S A Please detail the problem you are experiencing Our Service De partment may be able to save you the inconvenience of returning your unit If it is determined that your unit must be returned full shipping in structions will be provided SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM AND PARTS LIST Should you desire a Schematic Diagram and Parts list for your Lowrance TRUELINE RECORD ER send 1 00 to PARTS LIST Lowrance Electronics Inc 12000 East Skelly Drive Tulsa Okla homa 74128 Be sure and give us the Modei Number and Serial Number of your SONAR INSTRUMENT 988 0096 09 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL X 16 OWNER S MANUAL catty te aN pret jn il tas 40 tah f h 302 D i 12 teas masher age RAT EE ANAT a Boss a 8 5 X 16 COMPUTER art CGWRANCE E pee aaa ae 30 E LOWRANCE ELECTRONICS INC 12000 E SKELLY DR2. Occasionally when changing the stylus or stylus belt the zero line does not print at the same place near the top of the chart paper A zero adjust Control has been placed on the back inside wall of the X 16 near the upper left hand corner so that the zero line position may be adjusted on the paper Open the case front and look for the decal marked ZERO ADJUST You may have to pull the paper transport assembly down to see the decal for the first time Push the transport closed and turn on the unit CAUTION Keep hands away from the stylus belt and stylus High volt age is preseni Insert a 6 8 long screwdriver with a 12 blade into the zero adjust hole and rotate the control until the zero line is at the desired position Note this may also be adjusted with the unit turned OFF Adjust the control then remove the screwdriver and turn power back ON Repeat uniil the zero line is in the desired position FIGURE 21 IV HOW TO READ GRAPHS Arched Signatures A remarkable advantage of the X 16 is that it can record individual fish with a characteristic arched mark that separates them from their stationary surroundings The reason for this is shown on page 10 The distance to a fish when it moves into the sonar s cone of sound is shown as A in Figure 22 When the fish has moved to the center of the cone the dis tance to it will be shorter line B and as it moves out of
3. The Suppressor is a noise suppression system consisting of a patented pulse length discrimination suppression circuit lt is the same as the one used on all Lowrance variable suppression flashers and graphs Basically it works on the principle that most noise pulses are of relatively short duration if the receiver circuit can be adjusted so that it will accept only long pulses then the short pulses will be cancelled out and only the desired information fish bottom structure eic will be displayed Of course the Q transmitters pulse length would have to be increased at the same time so that the return echoes would be accepted by the receiver This is exactly what the Lowrance suppression system does The transmitters pulse length is increased by using the keyboard and the receiver tracks the amount of increased pulse lengih cancelling out any narrow noise pulses and displaying only the return echoes from fish or the bottom etc Note receiver sensitivity is not diminished at all by this process Noise in electronic terms is any undesired signal lt can be caused by an electrical source such as the engine s ignition system or by air bubbles in disturbed water which is called cavitation In both cases the noise could produce unwanted marks on ihe paper See Figures 39 amp 40 Fortunately noise pulses are relatively short in time compared to real sonar signals Increasing the Suppress
4. cable to the white and black wire on the Loran C s power cable See Figure 2 on page 3 After the proper connections have been 1 1 3 20 memm LED EE an E E MEA A j 4 44 0 5 24 0 E Oe Nae E EN 26 6 h 36 0 48 0 8 48 0 H 4 froecete sce see eeee cee neeee i eee ee eee errr erry i pO 0FT Dat LOWRANCE 60 0FT Figure 46 0 2 0 7 0 7 ON FATHOMS ON METERS ON PRESS KEY CLEAR ENTRY UPPER amp LOWER LIMIT DISC 2nd 6 PAPER SPEED 2nd 5 ON 2nd 7 OFF 2nd LINES 2nd 9 SCC 2nd 1 end 2 2nd 3 made turn on both the Loran and the X 16 After the Loran has acquired the signals press 2nd 0 The Loran coordinates will imme diately be printed vertically down the paper Either Latitude and Longitude or Time Differences TD s will be printed on the paper depending on the mode the Loran is in If 2nd O is pressed and no Loran is connected the unit will stop pulling paper and printing for approximately four seconds POWER BOOSTER A power booster Model LPB 192 is available that will increase the transmitters output power of the X 16 It can be turned on or off by the keyboard _ ducer cables There should also be enough room to allow the front panel door to open lf the desired location is closer than 18 to a magnetic compass a trial run should be made with the unit in operation t
5. instead of two distinct images Discrimination is a program installed in the X 16 s micro processor that enables it to process the output from the receiver determine which signals are noise and eliminate them then print only the legitimate echoes Using this concept the transmit ted pulse does not have to be increased therefore records with high resolution and high noise immunity can be achieved Discrimination is interlaced with Suppression however and some suppression is used when higher levels of Discrimination are chosen For a complete explana tion of Suppression and Discrimination see the Advanced Operation section entitled Sup pression There are five levels of Discrimination that can be used 0 is the lowest level whereas the highest value 4 is the i ae level and should be used only when severe noise is present Another advantage of Discrimi nation is its ability to filter out interference from other depth sounders This allows the simul taneous operation of a digital depth sounder and the X 16 Turn both units on If interference from Suppressor leve by using the Suppressor control at any level above 3 The Suppressor control will override the automatic selec tion that Discrimination chose If a suppression level greater than 0 is selected by the operator then the X 16 will print an F after the Discrimination level For example if the Discrimination level is 1 and the Suppressor le
6. keeps high speed information from being com pressed The paper speed should be turned down when using the unit in deep water This will pre vent gaps from appearing in the record In fact the microcomputer will automatically slow the max imum speed of the chart paper when operating in deep water To change the speed of the chart paper simply press the new level desired from 0 to 7 then press the PAPER SPEED key The paper speed should change immediately Remember if gaps in the record appear turn the paper speed down until a solid record is achieved The paper speed may also be slowed when not looking for fish or to simply conserve paper If heavy printing or over strike occurs turn the paper speed up Overstrike happens when the paper moves too slow past the stylus which causes the stylus to print over a large portion of the previous mark This makes heavy black marks on the chart paper Usually the easiest way to solve this problem is to turn the paper speed up However Alter nate Transmit and Print or the Paper Save function listed in the Advanced Operation section in this manual may help also GRAYLINE CONTROL The GRAYLINE function can be used to outline the bottom contour which might otherwise be hidden beneath trees and brush it can also give clues to the composition of the bottom A hard bottom returns a very strong signal caus ing a wide gray line A soft muddy or weedy bottom returns a
7. markings can be reduced or eliminated by using the SCC control key on the front panel keyboard To use the SCC press key 1 thru 7 depending upon the amount of SCC desired and then the SCC key 1 has a minimum effect on surface clutter 7 has the maximum effect on reducing What To Do Check fuse check connections at battery for tightness and corrosion Be sure the transducer is plugged into the unit and the transducer is making contact with the water Transducer is improperly installed Read transducer installation instructions for the correct mounting procedure Stylus is skipping over areas of the chart paper Readjust stylus according to the diagram on page If this does not help replace stylus Check paper for binding or improper tracking Straighten the paper and retape it squarely onto the take up paper core surface clutter 2 thru 6 have intermediate effects The amount of SCC that is used is printed at the bottom of the chart paper If one level of SCC is used then SCC 1 is printed Two levels SCC 2 etc 18 POWER BOOSTER OFF ALTERNATE TRANSMIT amp PRINT sisi cies ta fete 24 8 OFF LUNES ic 6 ics pret dates ON SCALES se ees ON FREQUENCY CONVERTER OFF BATTERY BACKUP ON If you do not recognize some of the functions listed above look in the Advanced Operation section of this manual for more instructions The Memory function can be tur
8. of the water making a second trip to the bottom and back If detailed information about brush piles individua fish or the thermocline is desired the Sen sitivity knob should be rotated to approximately the point Refer to the illustrations on page 6 to see what effect the Sensitivity control setting has on the recorded information Recording individual fish with an arched signature can usually be accomplished at trolling speed with the Sensitivity knob at the 3 4 point or higher Refer to the section Arched Signatures for more information about this impor tant function of the recorder FIGURE 6 SENSITIVITY PROPER SETTING CLEAR ENTRY The CLEAR ENTRY key is used when a mistake has been made when entering a command to the unit If for example you wish to set the lower depth limit to 500 feet and by accident you press 509 BEFORE you press the LOWER LIMIT key you can press the CLEAR ENTRY key which erases the mistake and allows you to re enter the correct command DISCRIMINATION Noise pulses are the largest complaint most often received about sonar units Lowrance has had the patented Suppression system for many years which is quite effective at eliminating noise from the display The only draw back to the Suppression system is that it increases the transmitter s pulse length which decreases res olution and causes targets that are close together to merge into one blob
9. solid fiberglass hull with no holes required and Transom Mount bolts directly to the transom of the hull either below or flush with the bottom of the boat TRANSPORT ASSEMBLY The mechanism that holds and pulls the chart paper from the full paper roll past the stylus and rolls it up on the takeup side It also con tains the paper drive motor and gear train ca as 2q ACCESSORIES LDT 3000 DIGITAL SURFACE TEMP Allows instant visual reading of surface water temperatures from 32 0 to 99 9 degrees F Includes heavy 28 foot sensor cable DUST COVER Extra protection from the elements LSB 200A SWITCH BOX Allows use of two different transducers with one sonar unit Weatherproof switch activates transducer 1 or 2 LSB 201A SWITCH BOX Allows use of two sonars with only one transducer Weatherproof switch activates sonar 1 or 2 LXT 110A TRANSDUCER EXTENSION CABLE Ten foot extension cable for use where a transducer must be located beyond the reach of the standard transducer cable Sonar unit does not need returning when only one extension is used LKB 2000 TRANSDUCER KICK UP BRACKET Allows THS 1192 20 to be mounted below the hull on aluminum boats to avoid hull turbulence LTB 1000 TRANSOM MOUNTING BRACKET Transom mounting bracket and spat specifically designed for use with V bottomed boats Uses any Lowrance plastic bolt thru hull transducer LFF 102 FISH N FLOAT Two highly vi
10. the cone the distance will increase again as shown in line O FIGURE 22 If a partial arch occurs most of the time on your unit the mark curves up but not back down or vice versa it is because the trans ducer is not pointed straight down lf your transducer is mounted on the transom adjust the transducer until the fish show the distinctive arched signature This may take some trial and error until the correct mounting is achieved Apion SUL 8 Close the front of the case Latch both catches on the top of the case STYLUS BELT REPLACEMENT CAUTION High voltage is present in the electronic section when the unit is turned on 1 TURN THE UNIT OFF 2 Release both catches on the top of the case Pull out and down on the top of the case front and the platen to expose the stylus belt 3 The stylus belt rides over two pulleys located at the right edge of the transport assembly Move the front of the belt DOWN to position the stylus at the center of the platen 4 Grasp the belt at the stylus holder with the thumb and fore finger and move it gently to the left while pushing the belt off the pulleys with the other finger See Figure 37 FIGURE 37 5 Position the new belt on the pulleys by reversing the pro cedure used to remove the old one BE SURE the fingers of the new stylus are pointed UP 6 Close the front of the case Latch both catches at the top of the un
11. weaker signal which is emphasized with a narrow gray line Do not advance the control too far or it will gray line on the target completely showing no black which makes the target difficult to see GRAYLINE OFF meee et 1 OO y ahaa y 12 0 i to at ek Be a igo z 7 3 r Sa SD i Dk Mp ge At ift f 28 0 h 7 aa Eir NPR Pog pi F ia hah FIGURE 10 GRAYLINE ON RANGE The range function utilizes the keyboard to select any range between 0 and 8000 in 1 foot increments Please read this sec tion carefully to get the most out of the X 16 s range capabilities LOWER LIMIT When you first turn on the X 16 the range will be 0 60 feet To change to a deeper range simply press the desired depth on the keyboard and then press the LOWER LIMIT key 24 0 24 0 36 0 an 36 0 48 0 septa pee 60 0FT D 1 COURANCE E EAE DOFT FIGURE 11 Example Change range to 0 75 feet Press 7 5 LOWER LIMIT 15 0 ane on 15 0 a as 30 0 4507 2 gt ae nt 4 Ey een ee ees 60 0 a FIGURE 12 NOTE Remember any depth may be used as a lower limit displayed at the bottom of the chart paper Example Change range to 0 256 feet Press 2 5 6 LOWER LIMIT Note that the paper speed slows automatically at this range setting down to a minimum when looking for fish However it is helpful some
12. 192 kHz operating frequency at the discretion of the operator It can be switched from 192 to 50 kHz at any time by using the keyboard For installation instructions see the owner s manual included with the LXC 16 To turn the frequency converter on press 2nd 5 To turn the frequency converter off press 2nd 8 GLOSSARY OF TERMS CAVITATION Air bubbles trapped against the transducer This is typically caused by an improper transducer installation Aluminum boats in particular have problems with cavitation The problem is most evident when travelling at high speed Air bubbles are cre ated by rivets strakes ribs or other objects which then pass over the face of the transducer For the proper operation of the transducer it must have solid contact with the water at all times MICRO SECOND Unit of mea sure One micro second is equal to 0 001 second Used in sonar to measure the amount of time the unit is transmitting Abbreviation us NOISE Any undesired signal Noise can show up on a graph recorder as small dots or lines randomly scattered across the _ Paper It can be caused by electri cal sources such as alternators spark plugs improper wiring or by mechanical sources air bubbles passing over the face of the transducer vibration of the engine or a loose transducer mounting OUTPUT POWER The amount of electrical energy applied to the transducer by the transmitter Expressed in watts typically the h
13. TULSA OKLA 74128 INDEX Specifications acer haciaariseow duran pune cemiia oad ous penaleycatcea 1 Introduction siesiesiucecares Gere tien we ncaed cod dsbedoocs Baie ASEARA 2 How it Works arsed sted itn beh cotta Moat Sl Actos 5 i 2 INSIAN ALON os crictaeetenekeeet hol aia Phe ghee de oa a ee 2 Power Connections 0 00 c cece cece cece ceneeecececes 3 Transducer Selection 0 0 000 c ccc cece ccc ecccccecnccces 4 Basic Operation ce sccev duh 055 62 8 ennaa eid ag aaau 5 Sensitivity Control sr Setse beatiet warty arsed alent ot 5 Clea 1 ee TA 6 Discrimination naana alls etek Tee Sie Fes oh 6 Pap r Spad ieira AA pital ascii Pcie kaa ORs 7 GRAYLINE prera aids a SAS ook dk eas ne fale arIa 7 telale e 73 ess crags rau pat 020 it Bei att ante nats EO 8 ower Ee N tic att NE aa ReGen a adiee Che oat too baroeste ss 8 Upper Limit ete eatin oo eee OS Se oh e oad tos Ti I lular nue oth tes 9 SOS ieat oea a aaa A ith Pe 9 Maker vourren knnen ours ia aea aioe oan etc ne unease 10 GAS Atlas i tone Fae ti pariah wy awe Meee he eh at BD wre at 10 Memory Reset fares 52 35 aciaacenaten Kaeeg kareena oh hw rioa des 10 Feet Fathoms Meters 0 ccc aaa aaea 11 End ORPaper n aere ey da ttetncg a nea aa a Wing tee ho 11 Zaro AdjUSE scria a a a te eek scons a aaa 11 How To Read Graphs 0 0 0c ec ce aaraa aaau 12 Paper Loading u un die dei bode when soci mdats ewe he acwtn actos 13 Styl
14. at they cannot short Refer to the Advanced Operation section for more information on these wires TRANSDUCER SELECTION Lowrance offers you the choice of transducers with either an 8 or 20 degree cone angle that will interchange with any of our 192 kHz sonar units In other words any Lowrance sonar instrument can be used with any Lowrance transducer of the same frequency without retuning of any kind and no loss of performance However the use of any other manufac turers transducer will result in a loss of performance Now you can select the trans ducer design and cone angle to best fit your specific needs Gen erally wide cone angle transdu cers 20 degrees are ideally suited for operating in shallow water or at medium depths The 20 degree cone angle allows you to see more of the underwater world In 15 feet of water the 20 degree cone covers an area of the bottom that s about 6 feet across The 8 degree transducer covers only about a 2 foot circle FIGURE 4 ABR 60 on ee 7 3 100 14 beg z 100 150 200 8 at3db PAPER SAVE CHART SPEED REDUCED TO way to slow the chart paper The chart below gives the range of the Paper Save function and the amount that each level slows the paper To enable the Paper Save function simply press the level of paper save desired then 2nd then 6 The paper should slow immediately For example suppose you wish to slow the paper down to 1 4 its pres
15. ce reflecting off the surface hitting the bottofh once again and finally striking the surface and the transducer Actually the sonar sig nal can do this many times as you can see if you are in shallow water and turn up the sensitivity Some times three four or more echoes can be displayed SENSITIVITY The ability of a sonar unit to display targets If a unit can display small targets deep in the water or very small detail then it is said to have high sensitivity A sensitivity control adjusts the level of the receiver for different conditions Also called gain SCALE Depth markings printed on or near the chart paper These can be shown in feet fathoms or meters Often confused with Range SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO The noise level divided by the signal level in a circuit is expressed by Ny the term signal to noise ratio In sonar a high signa to noise ratio is desirable because less noise suppression is required and it is easier for the unit to display only the true signals returning from the targets rather than a mixture of signals and noise STYLUS This is the fine wire that does the actual marking on a graph recorder s paper A high voltage is applied to the stylus which causes it to burn through the white outer coating of the paper exposing the black carbon underneath Use care when han dling a stylus Never touch it when the unit is operating STYLUS SKIP This is a condition that occurs when the
16. cted the echo can be read in feet fathoms or meters by comparing its location on the paper to the depth scale printed on the paper The paper speed is controlled by a variable speed motor During one revolution of the stylus belt a very narrow mark will be made by the flexible stylus but the paper will move a small amount before the next revolution Each mark will blend into the one before so that a composite picture of the target will be made one tiny mark at a time INSTALLATION Mounting The depth sounder may be installed in any convenient area provided the unit can be tilted for the best viewing angle Holes in the bracket base allow wood screw or bolt mounting A wood stiffener may be required on the back of thin fiberglass panels to support the unit Make certain there is enough room on the back side of the unit to attach the power and trans GRAPH PAPER TRAVEL on the X 16 Because the transmitted power is greater stronger signals are transmitted into the water This will increase the depth range of the unit and the signal to noise ratio plus the ability to see small detail is enhanced For installation instructions on the LPB 192 read the owner s manual included with the power booster To turn the power booster on press 12 2nd 5 To turn the power booster off press 2nd 8 FREQUENCY CONVERTER The Model LXC 16 frequency converter allows the X 16 to use either a 50 kHz or
17. ducer may be mounted on a boat and connected to the switch box A cable from the switch box is then connected to the X 16 Now either transducer may be used as conditions dictate Use the 20 degree transducer when in shal low to medium depths and then switch to the 8 degree transducer when in deep water or when you need just navigation information Salt water boats need to have the transducer painted with a thin coat of anti foulant paint to prevent organisms from growing If un checked barnacles and other marine growth will cause a decrease in the transducer s sen sitivity Do not use a metal based anti foulant paint as it will de crease the transducer s sensitivity also There are special paints on the market specifically designed for transducers and are carried by most marine dealers BASIC OPERATION On Off and Sensitivity Control Rotate the Sensitivity knob clockwise to turn the unit on The Sensitivity knob works much like the volume control on a radio that is weaker signals will be detected with higher settings of the knob When cruising or at other times when just simple bottom contour information is desired the Sen sitivity setting can be low In deep water or over soft muddy bottoms which produce weak echoes the setting will have to be higher When high Sensitivity settings are used a second bottom echo will appear This is normal and is caused by the returning signal reflecting off the surface
18. e graph This is why it is important to leave ihe Suppressor control turned 2 p0 51 2 102 4 158 6 4 204 8 SSS m BOB 856 0FT Det LOWRANCE B56 0FT FIGURE 13 UPPER LIMIT Many times it is desirable to expand a section of the area that is displayed on the graph recorder to show more detail This is made possible by the X 16 to show segments of the underwater world by using the UPPER LIMIT func tion Using the UPPER LIMIT key allows you to display any depth range at the top of the chart paper Example Turn on unit and set range to 20 60 feet Press 2 0 UPPER LIMIT Press 6 0 LOWER LIMIT BON TE Se ee ee BO 280 PBB 36 0 oes 36 0 44D re in i ee eee 44 0 BB nn i RD 60 0 FT B 1 E LOURANCE 60 0FT FIGURE 14 Example Set range to 45 72 feet Press 4 5 UPPER LIMIT Press 7 2 LOWER LIMIT g TRQFT Bal LAURANCE T2AFT FIGURE 15 The Upper and Lower Limits can be used in various combina tions to show segments from the surface to the bottom and any where in between A one foot segment of the depth can be displayed at any time if desired Representative samples of chart paper are shown in the back of this manual If you wish to display your depth settings at any time simply press the 2nd key and then the SCALE key The current range will be p
19. ent speed Press 3 2nd 6 and the paper will now be traveling four times slower than its previous speed When the Paper Save function is enabled the X 16 will print PSV and the level of paper save that you selected For example in our previous example the Paper Save value was 3 The X 16 will print PSV 3 on the bottom line of the chart paper ieee Figure 45 i 7 GO sa are Det LOWRANCE Figure 45 Y2 Va Ya Ys Ye Vy Ye The Paper Save function can also be used with the Alternate Transmit and Print function which will cut any Paper Save speed in half This gives fourteen different paper speeds selectable by the operator To disable the Paper Save function simply press 0 2nd 6 and the paper will speed up PRINT INTENSITY Three levels of print intensity are provided for different conditions The stylus printing can be adjusted to print lighter or darker by using the Print Intensity mode When the X 16 leaves the factory the Print Intensity is set to level 1 To change this setting press the level of intensity desired from 0 to 2 0 is lightest 2 is darkest and then press 2nd LINES For example if the stylus is printing too light press 2 2nd LINES and the markings on the chart paper should become darker This feature is useful when a stylus becomes old By using the 2 level or darkest level the printing can improve If when using very slow paper
20. er print problem therefore good records are attainable at slower paper speeds Also the scale numbers are spread out more making them more legible 2 Reduces the possibility of wrap around This is the undesir able occurrence of the second or third bottom echo printed on the paper at the top or middle of the page Many times this can inter fere with fish or other targets that you wish to see 3 Reduces the reverberation effect This happens mainly on lower frequency units but it can happen on higher frequency mod els Reverberation is heavy scattered noise marks caused by the transmitted signal becoming trapped between the surface and the bottom usually scattered in heavy plankton layers or baitfish schools This causes a great many lines to be printed on the page By enabling the Transmit and Print function the transmitter is trig gered only half as many times as normal putting less energy into the water same amount of trans mitter power just not as often which reduces the amount of noise seen 4 Divides the paper speed by two A significant amount of paper can be saved by using the Alter nate Transmit and Print feature To turn this feature on simply press the 2nd key then press the 4 key The paper speed will immediately slow down signifying that the function is enabled To turn the Alternate Transmit and Print feature off simply press the 2nd key and then press the 7 key The
21. he micro computer To distinguish the initial transmitter pulse from the other information printed on the paper the graph will print P 100 if the pulse is set to 100 micro seconds A 50 us initial pulse length would be dis played as P 50 See Figure 44 Figure 44 NOTE If a pulse length 110 micro seconds or less is chosen by the operator the Suppressor is disabled Also less than max imum power is transmitted when the pulse length is less than 100 micro seconds To set the initial transmitter pulse length simply press on the 23 SUPPRESSOR LEVEL INITIAL TRANSMIT PULSE INCREASE micro seconds AUTOMATIC 0 100 200 330 450 600 800 IF INITIAL TRANSMIT PULSE LENGTH IS LESS THAN 500 MICRO SECONDS DISCRIMINATION LEVEL SUPPRESSOR LEVEL IF INITIAL TRANSMIT PULSE LENGTH IS GREATER THAN 500 MICRO SECONDS DISCRIMINATION LEVEL is automatically increased when the Discrimination level is increased This is done for better noise rejection The following chart shows the relationship between Suppression and Discrimination Remember Suppressor value 1 adds nothing to the initial transmit pulse length In other words if the lower limit selected was 525 feet and a Discrimination level of 2 was SUPPRESSOR LEVEL selected the transmit pulse length would be 525 200 725 micro seconds We added the ini tial transmit pulse of 525 micro seconds which is listed in the initial tran
22. igher the output power a sonar unit has the deeper it can read and smaller detail can be shown POWER BOOSTER A device which connects to the transducer jack of the sonar unit and increases its output power PULSE LENGTH The length of time that the sonar unit transmits a pulse of sound into the water This period of time is very short and is usually referred to in micro seconds Also called Pulse Width RANGE Maximum depth that a sonar unit is set to display For example a range setting of 0 60 feet on a graph means that the maximum depth that can be dis played before the bottom echo drops off the chart paper is 60 feet RESOLUTION The ability of a sonar unit to separate targets This ability is determined by the pulse length of the unit If the pulse length is very short 50 micro seconds for example then 7 SUMMARY OF COMMANDS FUNCTION CLEAR ON OFF COMMAND CLEAR ENTRY ALTERNATE TRANSMIT DISCRIMINATION 0 4 0 7 0 7 ON OFF PAPER SAVE PAPER SPEED POWER BOOSTER PRINT INTENSITY SUPPRESSOR SURFACE CLARITY SCC FEET be used to help alleviate this condition LORAN C INTERFACE A remarkable advantage of the X 16 is its ability to print Loran C coordinates in either Time Differen ces TD s or Latitude and Longi tude NOTE The X 16 has been designed to use only the Lowrance Loran C receiver To connect the Loran to the X 16 simply splice the white and black wire on the X 16 s power
23. int at any time by using the Suppressor control The maximum amount of pulse length added to the initial transmitter pulse length is approximately 800 micro seconds In other words if the LOWER LIMIT is set to 420 feet and the Suppressor control is increased to the maximum press 7 2nd 9 the transmitter pulse length would be 1220 micro seconds 420 initial 800 1220 The amount that the initial transmit pulse length is increased with suppression is listed in the following chart Remember the number in the right hand column INITIAL TRANSMIT PULSE WIDTH micro seconds 110 130 160 Same as LOWER LIMIT Same as LOWER LIMIT 4ys ft over 600 1700 ps is the amount added to the initial transmit pulse length When Suppressor level 0 is chosen the suppressor level is automatic This ties in with the Discrimination feature As different levels of Discrimination are selected and the Suppressor level is set to 0 the suppression level eo i 24 O if saf l a at thi iat p ee aa Ten fe a j iao y way a ony tp FIGURE 40 graph record becomes coarse and the ability to separate fish from the bottom or from other fish will be decreased See Figure 41 amp 42 Therefore the lower the suppression setting the better Increase the Suppressor setting only as far as necessary to remove the erratic unwanted noise marks Most of the time at low or trol
24. ion will cause the FIGURE 39 system to reject these unwanted short pulses without reducing the sensitivity in any way This patented design is exclusive with Lowrance However with high suppression settings the washed periodically with miid soapy water to remove any accu mulated road grime or oily film This is essential to have good contact between the transducer and the water Periodically the rubber roller on the paper drive should be cleaned with a cloth dampened with alco ho to improve the friction on the metering roller drive Don t open the case or the transport assembly when the unit is running The stylus holder and stylus may be damaged or per sonal injury may result TROUBLESHOOTING Symptom On Off switch is ON but the stylus and paper don t move On Off switch is ON have zero mark but no bottom signal or echoes The unit works properly when stopped or at slow speeds but loses the bottom signal at high speed or makes heavy black lines Blank spots in record Paper stops pulling ADVANCED OPERATION Surface Clarity Control SCC The surface markings at the top of the chart paper can at times extend many feet below the surface This often interferes with fish signals or other targets This is called Surface Clutter and is caused by algae and plankton air bubbles caused by wave action or boat wakes bait fish or temperature inversions The surface clutter
25. it MAINTENANCE Remember the stylus may be damaged if it is in front of the platen when the transport assem bly is pulled down Always move the stylus to the back side of the transport assembly when chang ing the paper The stylus belt should be rotated down to remove the stylus Never rotate the stylus belt up Black carbon dust is created during the recording process Use a soit oil free rag to clean the viewing door and transport assem bly Low pressure compressed air may be used to blow dust out of the case and away from moving parts if the air is dry and free of oil After every five rolls of paper the stylus belt and pulleys it rides on should be wiped clean with a soft rag moistened with alcohol to remove carbon dust All mechanical connections should be checked periodically to be sure they haven t worked loose Do not apply any type of lubri cant to the motors or gear trains High voltage is present in the transmitter section when the unit is on No attempt should be made by any unauthorized person to modify or repair the electronic section If Corrosion should occur at the power plug fuse holder power cord splices or battery connec tions clean as required and check to make sure that good contact is being made at all terminations The face of the transducer if exposed to the water should be 10 Push the transport assembly back to its operating position Be sure it engages the catch inside
26. ling speeds no suppression will be necessary PROPER SETTING FIGURE 41 To use the Suppressor simply press the desired amount of suppression desired from 0 to 7 and then press the 2nd key and the 9 key For example if you wanted to increase the suppression level to 5 then you would press 5 2nd 9 in that order When any Suppressor level FIGURE 42 SUPPRESSION TOOHIGH other than 0 is chosen the level is printed on the bottom line of the chart paper For example if the suppressor level is set to 5 then the X 16 will print SUP 5 The only disadvantage io this system is that resolution or the ability to separate targets is diminished when the pulse length is increased A 200 ps micro second transmitter pulse length used on the X 16 when power is first turned on will allow the unit to display two fish or targets that are only 6 inches apart In other words if two fish that are 6 inches apart are displayed on the graph paper they will show up as two separate arches when the trans mitter is operating with a 200 ps pulse lengih Now if we increase the transmitter s pulse length to 400 us by increasing the Sup pressor those same two fish arches will blend together and show up as one fish or possibly even a blob on the paper With a 400 ps transmit pulse width those same two fish will have to be at least 12 inches apart before they will show up as two separate arches on th
27. ned on or off as desired When the Memory function is turned off only the depth mode Feet Fathoms or Meiers will be retained To turn the Memory function off press 11 2nd 5 To turn the Memory function on press 10 2nd 5 FEET FATHOMS METERS The X 16 will display the depth in feet fathoms or meters Although the unit will revert back to the feet mode whenever the 2nd MARK feature is used see above it is simple to change to any mode you wish by pressing the 2nd key and then 1 for feet 2nd 2 for fathoms and 2nd 3 for meters When the unit is in the Feet mode the letters FT will be displayed next to the lower limit depth scale In the Fathom mode the letters FA will be displayed and the letter M will be displayed when the unit is in the meters mode Example Display Fathoms Press 2nd 2 po 4 i PQ eels eet ee a a I een 4 0 ee rete 4 0 6 0 6 0 i B0 MONEE 8 0 H AROFA Dat LOURANOE 10 0 FR FIGURE 19 By looking at the lower limit scale printed on the chart paper one can determine if the unit is in feet FT fathoms FA or meters M The unit can be switched from one mode to another at any time END OF PAPER MARKER The graph paper used in the X 16 has a red line printed at the bottom of the paper to signify when there is only 2 to 3 feet FIGURE 20 0 ZERO ADJUST
28. o be sure that the compass readings are not affected POWER CONNECTIONS Twelve volt DC power for the depth sounder should be supplied by the boat s 12 volt electrical system The power cable may be attached to an accessory or power buss but if you have problems with electrical interference the cable should be attached directly to the battery If a longer cable is required use ordinary 18 lamp cord available at any hardware or electrical sup ply store Splices should be soldered however if this isn t done then use crimp type splices Tape all splices with electrical tape There are two types of noise that can be introduced into the sonar system if an improper installation is made elegis noise picked up by thgfir or power cable and aagu picked up by the trans Acoustic noise is COUSEtKES KON water turbulence air DEBeNs osies FIGURE 2 Ground Negative passing over the transducer and cavitation where a partial vacuum is formed by the flow of water This noise is minimized by following carefully the transducer installation instructions concerning location of the transducer Electrical noise is caused mainly by the boat engine s ignition sys tem Keep the transducer cable and power cable away from possi ble sources of electrical inter ference Again connect the power cable directly to the battery if possible not the boat s wiring harness Cavitation and electrically induced noise can be gene
29. of LPG 606 chart paper For best results install the new stylus every other time a roll of chart paper is changed CAUTION High voltage is present in the electronic section when the unit is turned on 3 1 TURN THE UNIT OFF 2 Release both catches on the top of the case Pull out and down on the top of the case front to expose the platen assembly See Figure 24 FIGURE 24 3 Move the stylus bolt DOWN to position the marking stylus on the back side of the platen NEVER move the belt up it could damage the stylus See Figure 25 FIGURE 25 Special Note The stylus may 7 Slide a fresh roll of Lowrance of tape may be stored inside be damaged if the transport chart paper in position the housing for this purpose assembly is pulled down on the supply side shaft Close the top of the transport unless the stylus has been on the right side of the platen assembly by pressing the two moved to the back side of the assembly The paper must tabs together on the paper platen 2 spool off the bottom of the roll retainer and returning the 4 Pull out and down on the tab i See Figure 30 retainer back to the operating at the top center of the platen position See Figure 32 assembly to expose the paper spools See Figure 26 i NOTE Use Lowrance LPG 605 or LPG 606 chart paper only a a A FIGURE 30 e 9 Turn the small knob at the m 8 Draw the end of the paper upper left hand side
30. of the FIGURE 26 across the face of the platen transport assembly to put a around the friction roller over small amount of tension on the 5 To remove the full take up roll the take up core and tape it paper It should be snug gt and the empty supply spool squarely to the take up core against the platen See press the two metal tabs See Figure 31 Small pieces Figure 33 together on the top of the oee transport assembly and pull out and down on the paper retainer See Figure 24 The full take up roll can now be easily removed from the paper core shafts See Figure 27 6 Pull the empty supply core from the right side in the same manner Install the empty core onto the take up shaft See Figure 29 Align the two notches in the core with the tabs on the lower take up spool FIGURE 29 FIGURE 31 14 S
31. paper speed will immediately speed up signifying that the function has been turned off PAPER SAVE Although the Alternate Transmit and Print function will slow the paper speed the Paper Save function is an even more powerful Thus you would use a 20 degree transducer when looking for fish or structure to easily find drop offs or reefs and to see fish that are around you not just below you However the 20 degree transducer won t penetrate to greater depths as well as the 8 degree transducer nor will it show a sharp drop off as well In a deep water environment 100 feet or deeper or where you re looking at sharp drop offs the narrow cone angle can sometimes be more desirable because it can more accurately detect the loca tion of the drop off without displaying the fish In deep water with the sound energy being con centrated in a smaller area the 8 degree transducer can reach to greater depths Both the 8 degree and the 20 degree transducers give accurate bottom readings even though the bottom signal is much wider on the 20 degree model because you are seeing more of the bottom Remember the shallow edge of the signal shows you the true depth The rest of the signal tells you whether you are over rocks mud dropoffs etc Thanks to the LSB 200A trans ducer switch box you can have the best of both worlds By install ing the LSB 200A near the operator both a 20 degree and an 8 degree cone angle trans
32. rated if a careless installation has been made but the Suppressor circuit and Discrimination is effective in combatting both Before initial use or after prolonged storage better water to transducer contact will be made if the face of the transducer is washed with mild detergent and warm water Positive contact with the water is essential to reduce cavitation noise caused by bub bles on the transducer face An in line fuse holder with a 4 amp fuse is supplied with the X 16 Be certain to install this as close to the power source such as the boat battery or power buss as possible This will protect both the sonar unit and the power 12 Volts DC Positive cable in the event a short occurs Crimp connectors are supplied to attach the fuse holder to the power cable The red wire in the power cable is the positive con ductor The black wire is the ground or negative conductor The graph is protected from accidental polarity reversals and no damage will occur if the wires are reversed The unit will not operate until the proper polarity is applied 4 5 6 T 8 9 wah o par ee FIGURE 3 When installing the power cable you will find two extra wires com ing from the power cable The green one is for an optiona Power Booster and the other white wire is for connection to a Loran C receiver If neither of these fea tures are going to be used tape the ends of the green and white wires so th
33. rinted on the paper immediately This will not change the depth setting NOTE Although the maximum lower limit of the depth range is 8000 feet the actual depth that the X 16 will reach is dependent on water conditions bottom condi tions and the quality of the transducer installation Typically the X 16 will reach a depth of approximately 1000 feet without a power booster You may get more or less depending on conditons LINES When the X 16 is first turned on depth lines will be printed on the paper If you desire to turn the Lines off press the LINES key To turn the lines back on press the LINES key again Example Turn lines off Press LINES key 12 0 i 12 0 24 0 N Agt 24 0 f 36 0 a 7 360 48 0 E 48 0 N umiemes FIGURE 16 MARKER An event marker function is included in the X 16 so that events may be marked when desired To use the marker simply press the MARK key and a vertical line will be displayed across the entire page Hold the MARK key down and a vertical line will be printed for as long as the key is held down Example Press MARK ais 12 0 4 0 a i pa 569 gt a 6 0 ao SE a Deot pf f Lowpayee 0o Siber FIGURE 17 SCALE The numbers that indicate the depth or scale may be deleted if desired Pressing the SCALE key once will stop the printing of the scale numbers The scale may be displayed again by pressing the SCALE key Remember the scale may be displayed a
34. s 2000 ps 1600 watts p p 200 watis RMS 85 db 10 3 0 in min 10 15 vdc 1 5 amps approximately INTRODUCTION The Lowrance X 16 is a highly sophisticated recording depth sounder Thanks to a micro com puter the X 16 can do more than any other sonar unit in its price range plus many that cost much more Using the waterproof key board full control of the system is at your fingertips to meet the changing demands of varying bot tom conditions water depth and boat speed You can select the units sensitivity discrimination level upper and lower depth range paper speed GRAYLINE and many more features The patented Lowrance variable sup pression system combined with the new Discrimination feature not only filters out false signals with out distorting the real ones but is syncronized with the GRAYLINE function to provide clear signals under all conditions HOW IT WORKS When the unit is turned on an electronically regulated motor drives a lightweight belt located at the right edge of the recording paper The stylus is attached to this belt When the stylus is at the top of the paper a small mark is made This is called the zero mark and represents the surface of the water The stylus continues FIGURE 1 to move down the edge of the paper while the sound pulse is traveling through the water and when an echo is detected the stylus makes another mark on the paper The depth of the object which refle
35. sible floats with 100 foot nylon cord wraparound lead sinkers LTP 100 FISH N TEMP Portable temperature and depth indicator for accurate readings from 30 90 degrees F and depths to 80 feet LPG 605 CHART PAPER Straight line chart paper 50 foot roll for ail Computer Sonar graph recorders LTC 60 TRANSDUCER CONNECTOR KIT Replaces old style transducer connecter with new plastic style Or to repair a damaged transducer cable LPB 192 POWER BOOSTER Increases the output power of the X 15B to extend the depth range better noise ejection and increases the ability to display small detail LDT 4000 DIGITAL SURFACE TEMP New sensor probe allows transom thru hull or raw water intake mounting Water temperature readings rom 32 0 to 99 9 degrees F the sonar can separate two tar gets that are 11 inches apart This is considered good resolution However if a sonar pulse length was 500 micro seconds then the sonar could only separate targets that are at least 12 inches apart That is why it is so important to pick a sonar unit that gives you the capability to change to narrow pulse lengths for good resolution The X 16 allows pulse lengths down to 30 micro seconds or one inch SECOND ECHO A second echo can appear on the display at roughly twice the depth of the actual bottom signal This is caused by the transmitted signal travelling thru the water reflecting off of the bottom returning to the surfa
36. smit pulse chart to 200 micro seconds which is Sup pressor level 3 according to the Discrimination Suppressor chart So the total initial transmit pulse length is 725 micro seconds Now if we want we can increase the the digital shows up on the X 16 random short lines running ver tically across the paper then increase the Discrimination level until they are gone To use the Discrimination func tion simply press the level of noise rejection desired from 0 to 4 then the Disc Discrimination key There should be an immedi ate change in the amount of noise present on the paper The Discrim ination setting is printed at the bottom of the paper each time the level is entered and at intervals thereafter When the X 16 is shipped from the factory the Dis crimination level is set to 1 The Discrimination function can be disabled at any time by press ing 0 DISC Example Enter a Discrimination level of 4 FIGURE 7 TE NAE PRESS 4 D GP ISC____FIGURE 8 ia hiriko iiti Til AS 12 0 i 4 J moa hl Dal ap oy H 1 1 ae t L F i OAE i toy 1d i Far A 36 0 beck i l PAPER SPEED CONTROL This key adjusts the speed of the chart paper Its range is 0 to 7 When the X 16 is first turned on the paper speed is set to level 5 This setting is good for detailed graphs in shallow to medium depths when trolling It will show proper fish arches at low speeds and
37. speeds the record has much overprint due to multiple stylus strikes in a small area the 0 or lightest level can keyboard the initial pulse length desired and then press the PULSE key For example to set the initial transmit pulse length to 100 micro seconds press 1 0 0 PULSE This will override the micro com puter s selection and set the initial transmitter pulse length to 100 micro seconds P 100 will be printed at the bottom of the paper to signify that the entry has been confirmed Note When an initial transmit pulse length is set this length will be fixed for all depth settings until changed To return control back to the micro computer press 0 PULSE and the micro computer will select the initial pulse length ALTERNATE TRANSMIT AND PRINT When using the X 16 in deep water or if you wish to simply conserve paper it may be desir able to slow the paper speed even more than the automatic system allows However when doing so you may get over print or very dark heavy printing over an area that is difficult to read Much detail can also be lost due to this A feature that is available on the X 16 is the Alternate Transmit and Print function which when acti vated causes the stylus to print every other revolution instead of every revolution This accom plishes four things 1 Since the stylus only prints every other revolution the recorded information doesn t have the ov
38. stylus doesn t contact the entire surface of the chart paper It then leaves gaps in the record where the stylus skips over spots Usually the problem can be rectified by removing and bending the stylus into the proper shape although sometimes it is caused by a worn out stylus which must then be replaced SUPPRESSOR A Lowrance exclusive patented process to eliminate noise from a sonar unit s display It works on the principal that noise pulses are typically short in duration By increasing the transmitters pulse length and tracking it with the receiver the short noise pulses are cancelled out STYLUS BELT A belt that travels over two motor driven pulleys It typically has a holder that retains the stylus and a magnet on the opposite side that triggers the transmitter c Paper Save Print Intensity Loran Interface 0 0 ccc cee cece eee een eee e eee eeee Power Booster 0c cece cece reece cece eee yi i EEE Summary of Commands cece eee eee eee eens Glossary ireren ena euseeedeerenie se in eas Accessories se lickin eee cea ere toe aoa ns Oo een ss SPECIFICATIONS Dimensions with gimbal mount Dimensions instrument only Weight Chart Paper Transmitter Frequency Pulse Width Adjustable Output Power Receiver Sensitivity Chart Speed Voltage Range Current Drain 10 4 W x 8 H x 6 D 1244 W x 9 H x 6 D 8 5 pounds LPG 606 2 4 x 50 roll 192 kHz 30 p
39. t any time by pressing the 2nd key and then the SCALE key Example Press SCAL Seis churn FIGURE 18 MEMORY RESET The Lowrance X 16 has an internal battery that keeps power supplied to the memory circuits even when the power switch is turned off The power cable may be unplugged from the unit and the X 16 will still remember the last settings that were in effect when the unit was turned off or removed from the boat To reset the X 16 s functions to their factory settings turn the unit on and press the 2nd key and then press the MARK key The unit will then be set up as follows FUNCTION LEVEL RANGE 0 60 FEET DISCRIMINATION 1 PULSE WIDTH O automatic SUPPRESSION 0 automatic PRINT INTENSITY 1 PAPER SPEED 5 BOG ae tate citeuts 0 PAPER SAVE 0 TO The SCC control tracks the lower limit depth range and works on the upper 60 of the chosen range with zero always being the upper limit regardless of the upper limit displayed on the paper The maximum effective depth for SCC is 255 feet The effect on surface clutter should immediately be seen Use only the amount of SCC required to reduce ihe clutter as fish signals can be eliminated by using this method also If you wish to turn the SCC function OFF simply press 0 SCC and the SCC function will be disabled 60 0 FT jei goa LOWRANCE FIGURE 38 Scc 2 SUPPRESSOR
40. the case 11 Close the front of the case Latch both catches on the top Turn the unit on Move the Chart Speed knob fully clock wise Watch the paper long enough to be sure it is moving smoothly and evenly across the platen If the paper flutters or begins to run uphill repeat step 8 12 STYLUS REPLACEMENT CAUTION High voltage is present in the electronic section when the unit is turned on 1 TURN THE UNIT OFF 2 Release both catches on the top of the case Pull out and down on the top of the case front to expose the stylus belt See Figure 24 3 The stylus belt rides over two pulleys located at the right edge of the transport assembly Move the front of the belt DOWN to position the stylus at the center of the platen 4 Hold the stylus belt stationary with one finger and remove the old stylus by starting at its left edge and moving it out from under the tabs on the stylus holder 5 Before installing the new stylus FIGURE 34 FIGURE 35 be sure it is bent properly by comparing it to Figure 34 6 Refer to Figure 35 to be sure the new stylus is positioned correctly under the tabs on the holder Be sure it moves freely in the two slots If not bend the l stylus away from the edge it is t rubbing on until it does move freely ay FIGURE 36 7 After installing if the stylus won t print all the way down the paper as shown in Figure 36 bend the right leg do
41. times to have longer pulse width when resolution is not a concern When using a sonar in deeper water it is easier for the unit to detect a longer pulse coming back from the bottom or from fish This is called Probability of Echo Detection The probability of the unit being able to detect an echo returning from deep water is diminished because the further the sound pulse has to travel the weaker it becomes By broadening the pulse length in essence a larger signal is transmitted and it is easier for the receiver to detect it For this reason the micro com puter in the X 16 automatically increases the initia pulse length of the unit as deeper lower limits are set by the operator Note Initial pulse length is the pulse length of the unit when the Suppressor control is set to minimum LOWER LIMIT feet 1 19 20 29 30 199 200 599 600 879 880 maximum From 200 feet to 599 feet the initial pulse length increases at the same rate as the depth For example with the LOWER LIMIT set to 260 feet the initial transmit pulse length would be 260 us If the LOWER LIMIT is set to 390 feet the initial transmit pulse would be 390 ws The pulse length from 600 879 feet is the depth plus 4 micro seconds us per foot OVER 600 feet In other words with a lower limit of 700 feet the initial transmit pulse length would be 1100 micro seconds The transmit pulse length can be increased from the initial po
42. us Replacement 0 00 0 0 ccc cc cc cece ceceecuveceees 16 Stylus Belt Replacement 0 0 0 00 0 0 ccc cece ccc cece eee 17 Maintenance 4 728585 825 deao innin a bb eae bates 17 Troubleshooting p a a neeaaea ol eeke Olt e viet iecwe bean 18 ADVANCED OPERATION 2 52 o3c ese codahe des dindaDecsex nee 18 Surface Clarity Control SCC 2 2 ccc ccc cece eee ee 18 co 0 0c A nee eign ea a a AO 19 SURFACE CLUTTER Algae plankton air bubbles boat wakes and schools of bait fish near the surface of the water can create large surface echoes on the paper These echoes can extend far down the paper and interfere with fish or other target echoes Lowrance has a special feature called Surface Clarity Control or SCC that combats surface clutter effectively THERMOCLINE Junction of dif ferent temperature layers When the warm and cool temperature layers meet a discontinuity in the water is formed that reflects sonar signals This is called a thermo cline TRANSDUCER The antenna of a sonar unit This contains a small crystal that converts the electrical energy from the transducer into sound energy and sends it into the water It then converts any sound in its frequency range back into electrical pulses for the receiver Transducers have a vari ety of styles including Thru Hull which bolt thru a hole drilled in the hull Shoot Thru Hull epoxied directly to the inside of a
43. vel is set or fixed to 3 then the X 16 will print D 1F This is a reminder that some level of suppression is in use See Figure 43 48 0 66 0F aE SAEED 60 0 FT D 1F FIGURE 43 PULSE In the Suppressor section of this manual we explained the relation ship between pulse length and target separation As pulse length increases target separation As pulse length increases target sep aration or resolution is degraded but deep water penetration improves However if the pulse width is decreased resolution becomes much better The X 16 allows you to take advantage of this fact by making it possible to override the initial transmitter pulse length setting from what the micro computer selects according to the Lower Limit The initial transmitter pulse length can be set from 30 ps to AS ae eb At Pe a LOWRANCE 1700 ws by entering it on the keyboard By setting the initial transmitter pulse with to 1 00 us a three inch resolution is obtained 50 ws equivalent to an inch and a half and 30 us initial transmit pulse length is equal to one inch resolution No other graph recorder in the mafket today can give you this feature After setting the initial transmitter pulse length the Discrimination function can be used to eliminate noise and still have good resolution The X 16 will display the initial transmitter pulse length at the bottom of the paper when you over ride t
44. wn so that more pressure is exerted against the stainless steel plate If it still does not print all the way bend the left leg down more but not so far that it digs into the paper Sharp well defined signatures will occur most often when the Sensitivity knob is set at the point or higher Remember that there must be some movement between the boat and the fish to develop the arched mark Usually this means trolling at very slow speeds with the main engine in gear at minimum throttle setting THERMOCLINES The temperature of water in the lake is seldom constant from top to bottom Layers of different tem peratures form and the junction of a warm and cool layer of water is called a thermocline See Figure 23 The depth and thickness of the thermocline can vary with the season or time of day In deep lakes there may be two or more at different depths Thermoclines are important to the fisherman because they are areas where fish are active Many times bait fish will be above the thermocline while larger game fish suspend just below it Your Lowrance X 16 can detect this invisible layer in the water but the Sensitivity knob will probably _ have to be set at the point or higher PAPER LOADING NOTE There are many imitators manufacturing chart paper that is inferior to ours Use only Lowrance LPG 605 or LPG 606 chart paper in your X 16 NOTE A stylus is enclosed with every package
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