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HP 8568A User's Manual

1. listen UP listen UR to turn off UR and LL listen UR LL LL see lt units code gt see lt units code gt listen VB lt entry gt lt step gt C 6 Plot relative draws vector relative from the last absolute position Entries can be positive or negative Display program skips to next page of memory from address specified Pen up turns beam off Resolution bandwidth Recalls instrument states O to 9 Reference level Resets SRQ to allow only SRQ 140 Allows SRQ 140 and 104 Allows SRQ 140 and 110 Allows SRQ 140 and 102 H2 R3 and R4 not mutually exclusive Frequency span Center frequency step size Sweep time Saves instrument states in register 1 through 6 Display skips to next control word from address specified Sweep continuous Sweep single Outputs 1001 trace amplitude values for trace A beginning with the leftmost trace point Outputs 1001 trace amplitude values for _ trace B beginning with the leftmost trace point Threshold level Take a sweep Analyzer does not handshake until sweep is complete and marker if on is placed on trace Threshold level off Selects trigger mode T1 freerun 12 line T3 externa T4 video DATA step up Provides an upper right x y recorder output voltage at the rear panel while UR is active psec p volt Video bandwidth A Address l HPB eure ia doe katte a Eri 1 4 Display MemMotY o A 2 Analyze
2. display size address gt GR y value where y value lt value gt delimiter gt y value gt y value gt see units code gt listen HD see units code gt listen IB exactly 2002 8 bit binary bytes listen IP listen H listen I2 listen KS listen KSE ASCII or analyzer character string title terminator gt where title terminator ETX LF character selected by DT command listen KSG entry 0 3 Allows operator to make an entry to the DATA buffer with the DATA number units keyboard while EE is active Allows operator to change any active function value with the DATA knob while EK is active Replaces trace addresses 3073 4095 with an end of memory word 1044 Resets the display address to 3072 Exchanges A and B traces Enables peak search Marker into center frequency Marker or A into step size Marker into reference level Start frequency Stop frequency 0 1 5 GHz span Plots successive values as amplitudes on CRT display incrementing horizontal positions left to right by one for each value Trace starts at x O position Holds or disables DATA entry and blanks active function CHT readout Inputs trace B beginning at address 1025 CR or LF must not occur after IB Instrument preset Selects SIGNAL INPUT 1 left input port Selects SIGNAL INPUT 2 right input port Shift front p
3. ADDRESS 16 8 4 2 1 Switch Up HP IB Address Switch on the Interface Card 8568A Operating and Service Manual Section II describes the procedure for accessing the address switch slk input ME is stored in the analyzer s CMOS memory which can remember for approximately 30 days with all line power isconnected 1 6 REMOTE OPERATION Setting the read write address also sets the TALK LISTEN ADDRESS The following table lists the various combinations GENERAL ADDRESS GENERAL TAER LISTEN ADDRESS TALK LISTEN eo oc NEK SK CANDO u OON On BUY N O A Orr gt 30 Use last entered address 31 at future power ON set at factory A B C D E F G H J K L M N O Remote Local Operation if the controller has addressed the analyzer to TALK or LISTEN the ADRS D light will be on When the analyzer is ad dressed with an HP IB device command the analyzer will go to remote and the REM light will also go on Remote operation generally prevents front panel control of the analyzer except by those functions not programmable LINE power calibration and display adjustments video trigger vernier and fal See Chapter 2 Return to front panel or local control by pressing or executing a local device command from the controller such as Ici 718 CAUTION An operating HP IB may be disrupted if the analyzer s LINE power is cycled An analyzer should be con nected to an operating HP
4. analyzer command 8568A device code LISTEN HP IB VO Select code 9825A TALK red 7 18 lt controller variable 8568A device code TALK HP IB VO Select code 9825A LISTEN CMD U 2 lt analyzer command 8568A LISTEN Controller TALK unaddress ail listeners UNLISTEN CMD 4 R 5 c controller variable gt Controller LISTEN 8568A TALK unaddress all listeners UNLISTEN n ali examples the preset addresses of the HP computing controllers are used 9830A 9830B TALK U LISTEN 5 DEVICE CODE 21 9825A HP IB SELECT CODE 7 1 5 REMOTE OPERATION The read write address of the 8568A can be changed from the front panel or the HP IB by using the shift function P P ER Pressing ser Gog sets the address to 18 To set the address to 8 From the controller the address can be set to 18 via the HP IB using the 9825A statement p wri 718 KSP 18 HZ code for Esa zoom ANA oe address terminator The switch on the analyzer s HP IB interface card switch 1 of A13 is used to determine what address will be used on line power on The address is set as the sum of the numbers switched For example for the address 18 the 16 and 2 Switches are pressed up and all others down The switch address 31 is a special code which commands the analyzer to use the last input address whether from HP IB or the front panel upon line power on If the address is lost the default address of 18 will be used
5. first byte second byte d 0 bit word MSB listen gt lt display size gt lt address gt PA lt Xy pair where xy pair PU PD lt value gt delimiter gt lt value gt lt delimiter gt lt xy pair gt lt xy pair gt lt listen gt PD Plot absolute draws vectors to x and y entries PU and PD determine whether vector is displayed or blanked Entries must be in positive display units Pen down turns beam on C 5 SYNTAX SUMMARY m Y On 7 PR PS PU RB RC RL R1 R2 R3 R4 SC SP SS ST SV SW S1 S2 TA TB TH TS TO Ti T2 T3 T4 UP UR US UV vB listen display size gt lt address gt PR xy pair see PA listen address PS listen PU listen RB entry step listen RC 0 112 3 4 5 6 718 9 listen RL lt entry gt lt step gt listen RY listen R2 listen R3 listen R4 see units code gt listen SP entry step listen SS entry step listen ST entry step listen SV 1 2 3 4 5 6 listen 2 address gt SW listen S1 listen S2 listen lt format gt TA talk 1001 Words gt listen lt format gt TB talk 1001 Words listen TH entry step listen TS listen T listen T1 T2 T3 T4
6. CR LF or an ETX The y value may also be delimited by a following command Example The following programs draw a rectangular figure on the CRT FUR up puc t I d iz dir EE WT i ur Eo Line 1 10 Instrument preset and clear the display Line 2 20 Specifies the full CRT display size The pen up command insures that the initial vector to point 700 500 is not drawn Line 3 30 Plot absolute command and the starting point of the rectangle The following pen down command assures that the vector 700 500 to 900 500 will be drawn on the CRT Line 4 40 Plots the remainder of the rectangle on the CRT The pen down condition is still in effect 700 500 900 500 900 300 700 300 4 4 DISPLAY INPUT COMMANDS PR A similar rectangle can be positioned anywhere on the display using the plot relative command The following pro grams draw the same figure in the three places on the CHT E ie E dos 1 4o son ben 8 Pie x ha Erde Ef wrt Fis BH PR OSSO aA ber aa gt t as ews e he re m Me S 2 aak Fest ars ai reecetanmevic s 0B wrt FIB PD PR 388 0 00 200 300 As 00200 lit rel 10 CHD Puz 38 Bugie EE 4 CHD FU qu GOL cHE ee CMD u2 PR LSES SOS PU PR 650 BOE SUPR PR 358480 ua Hes BA END 5 REM CMD eva RETURH Lines 2 4 6 20 40 80 Line 10 210 numbers inputs increments in the x y pair 15
7. When the result of either function lies above the bottom graticule the value is as read out from the display When the function results in a trace that lies below the bottom graticule the trace will not be displayed Calculation of the outputs are as follows REF LEVEL in dB or R 1000 Voltage Units 900 800 700 600 ipn S 500 AMPLITUDE Voltage Units in Display Units 400 A 300 200 100 0 3 8 OUTPUT COMMANDS DR Output Format Function Condition 03 03 Units LOG SCALE dB LINEAR SCALE Voltage AB A B A A B R S A lt B 4096 am B gt D B D B DL A B D R S B lt D 4096 D B Trace Arithmetic Output Values where A is trace A position B is trace B position D is display line position R S is the absolute power level of the bottom graticule Example The following trace peaks are output R 10 dBm 100 dB 110 dBm After A B A trace A blanks If the peak of trace A is output the value is A B R S 56 12 8 10 100 153 4 dBm in 03 format Reading Trace Amplitude at a Specific Location The display read command allows the output of individual trace amplitudes rather than all 1001 points DR display read For output of trace information the specific trace memory address must first be input to the analyzer with a display address command DA Appendix A Display Memory Structure explains memory addressing These program lines will rea
8. listen MC1 listen lt format gt MF talk see units code C 4 L S VTO DAC M S VTO DAC YTO DAC SCAN ATTEN AII DACS Steps all DACs by power of 2 Sets HP IB address Frequency offset Amplitude offset Counter resolution SIGNAL INPUT 1 preamp gain SIGNAL INPUT 2 preamp gain Input mixer level in 10 dB increments Outputs up to 1001 words of display memory beginning at the address specified Words are in format specified use format O2 if KS 125 or IB are to be used Words separated by LF last LF sets EOI true Output may be terminated at any time with a go to local Inputs up to 1001 display memory words two bytes per word address specified beginning at Writes specified characters on the CRT display First character appears at current CRT beam position See PA and PR Enters LOG SCALE Provides a lower left x y recorder output voltage at the rear panel for the duration while LL is active See UR Linear SCALE Display line oft Outputs the marker amplitude onto the HP IB DATA lines according to the format Marker counter measurement off Marker counter measurement on Outputs the marker frequency onto the HP iB DATA lines according to the format MTO MT1 MV MZ M1 M2 M3 M4 OA OL OT O1 O2 03 04 PA PD lt listen gt MT listen MT see units code gt see lt units code gt lt listen gt M1 listen M2 lt entr
9. sls gt ml dl ies we V le amp G 37 g E PT e 133 igs Ox 87 28 E E a CR m E EE f H iE D 8B 2a 7 38 j iGjmjngJ 187 sl og a y a z 4a 4 2 H lum h s iso lt za Alza on 3 yl 73 T las 137 165 gt 281 i 233 L i far w mu J ume j o me S om zm TER EE 43 7 amp kK la k 138 molde za 235 K i2 FMD H J w i ig Baci cab zMO o zig A i3 ca us TI M ins ml guo 288 s 237 kA iH HE A 78 NJ jus al 142 174 ae xod medo 1s 47 TA mio IT a 3 IE 287 2d 238 a IE WB A g F ua p US a ae p T 5T o ws 1 al N 113 g iu Gkig 177 283 eo al e iB xo sa 2 ga R o fam ing 5K32 ug 2 218 a p ig gi 3 83 c TE Ss 147 sksu 178 cy ali 243 c 22 de s 4 Bu T us t 148 ma 7 212 T zu T 2i s t5 es ll uu ug ip 72 aa Of zw vy 22 s G amp G es V dua y isa 2 3 zw y me amp 23 gs 7 a JW us w is i3 y ais 25 G 24 ss Q se X ize x s gu o ae oe TO 25 719 e Y fia y isa is aro ome A 2E SE su Z iz 2 54 igg 2iB asa Q 27 ES F 8I r ma d 155 ig zig I re M 28 a lt Noia ISE ig lt aw O wa A 28 El sm as ob 157 ms zn CP oma Y 3 a gt av f ae ss im gt we D oy 3i ga P 127 SE ai aa 255 Label Command Character Set Blank codes are either unassigned or character pieces ind
10. 16 32 or 64 will cause program execution to go to the next address which is an integer multiple of 16 32 or 64 respectively Note that these functions will work for both the Ibl instruction code 1025 or the LB command isplay Control Instruction Examples These examples illustrate the use of display control instructions and data words The loading and reading techniques described at the start of this appendix are used Graph gra The graph instruction is used in the trace modes to plot the spectra traces on the CRT display The graph display in struction along with ancillary functions can be used to visually modify stored trace data For example in a trace stored in trace B memory the portion between the 5th and 7th graticule line can be highlighted by making the trace brighter First calculate the addresses where that trace data is stored 5th graticule address 5 100 1024 1524 7th graticule address 7 100 1024 1724 where 1024 is the first address of trace B H tl Next make up the graph instruction that will brighten the trace from the ancillary function codes 1024 gra 128 brt 1152 1024 gra 8 dim 1032 With trace B in view the loading program is 2901152 EI 1832 Line 1 Writes a graph bright instruction so that every data point thereafter is brightened Line 2 Returns the beam intensity to dim Data points at 1524 and 1724 are lost and all data beyond 1524 is shifted 1 point t
11. 18 video averaging 3 resolution bandwidth 19 title 4 video bandwidth 20 YTO UNLOCK 5 sweep time 21 249 UNLOCK 6 attenuation 22 275 UNLOCK 7 reference level 23 OVEN COLD 8 scale 24 EXT REF 9 trace detection 25 VTO UNCAL 10 center frequency or start frequency 26 YTO ERROR 11 span or stop frequency 27 MEAS UNCAL 12 reference level offset 28 frequency diagnostics 13 display line 29 OND LO t 2NDLO1 14 threshold 30 SRQ 15 marker frequency 31 center frequency STEP 16 marker amplitude 32 active function 3 5 OUTPUT COMMANDS TA TB The following program stores all the readouts in the A string array de a ir apyg ER DP los OT t c Hi TO az zHMT E i TER C13 50A line 1 10 dimensions 32 strings each up to 64 characters long line 2 20 the output command lines 3 to 5 30 to 70 reads each annotation message and stores it into a string Strings without messages are null strings After a LINE power ON OT and a print routine outputs the following string arrays String String Number Contents Number l Contents 1 BES BR 3 EH ie WER i Pee i5 B SWF DE mec A E ATTEN 18 ut 1 de 5 A an dE ee m IE die ot ot cu 18 TERT H Hx cU i1 TOP 500 HHz ch iz eats i I um cs I n 16 i where all blank strings are null empty Output of Trace Data TA TE The CRT display traces are stored in digital memory as display unit value
12. CRT To omit this marker from the display the label word is replaced by a skc word wrt 718 DA2073DW1027 OF wit 718 DA2073S8W Jump jmp The example demonstrates jmp by jumping over the data in addresses 100 to 500 in trace A Since the jump should be made to a control word gra is first written into DA 500 ER EN M Before program is loaded ECT NNI ETT SWT PO myse B 13 DISPLAY PROGRAMMING wrt 718 S2TSDA500DW1024 wrt 718 DA100DW1035 500 The signal response that would have been shown between display addresses 100 and 500 is omitted and the gap closed Jump Subroutine jsb and Return rin The jsb instruction transfers program control to the address specified If the address does not contain a control word then the program will skip to the next control word after that address The rtn instruction transfers program control to the first control word following the jsb instruction The flow of the program is as follows address represents a single display address jump to subroutine B 14 DISPLAY PROGRAMMING To demonstrate jsb rin this example substitutes a new symbol for the preprogrammed marker symbol The marker symbol a small diamond is written as a subroutine in the annotation memory at address 2085 Substitu tion of the diamond symbol can be made by calling for and writing a new jsb routine with this program The address for the marker subroutine call is located
13. Controller Es IP CF 258 7 MZ SP 10MZ controller mw select pod analyzer address instrument preset J activate center AG optional spaces inserted for clarity set center frequency value activate frequency span set frequency span value RES BW 190 kHz VBW 30 kHz SWP 20 mosce The spaces omission will not affect the program 1 2 REMOTE OPERATION Output Value or Amplitude To output the center frequency into controller variable F and display F first activate center frequency then execute CENTER RES BW 100 kHz VBH 30 khz Swe 20 msec wrt 718 QA output active parameter red 7 18 F dsp center frequency F controller LISTEN select HP IB analyzer address store frequency Hz in F display F on desktop controller 9825 Display reads center frequency 258700000 00 Input CRT Labeis and Graphics To write Center Frequency in the top center of the graticule area wrt 718 EM PU PA 448 928 LB CENTER FREQUENCY wib718 3 clears trace C memory Pen up Plot absolute vector to x position required delimiter y position The following ASCI characters are a label Text Label terminator 1 3 REMOTE OPERATION hp re 20 dum 10 dB CENTER 258 7 MHz SPAN 10 0 Mtz RES BW 100 kHz VBW 30 kHz SWP 20 msec HP IB Controller Any HP IB compatible controller can be used to operate the 8568A The overall system measur
14. IB only with POWER ON Similar HP IB disruption may result from pressing when the HP IB is active thus a local lockout is recommended during 8568A automatic operation a 34 REMOTE OPERATION Analyzer Response to HP IB System and Device Commands HP IB system commands effect all the instruments on the bus HP IB device commands affect only the device ad dressed The spectrum analyzer response to each of the system and device commands is summarized on the next page The following addresses are used GENERAL ADDRESS TALK LISTEN ANALYZER TALK LISTEN ADDRESS 18 R 2 9830A B ADDRESS 21 U 5 1 8 REMOTE OPERATION OUTPUT COMMANDS ji Specific Controller Statements HP IB Message 982A 825A 9830A Analyzer Response Data Transfer 1 wrt 718 Se 10 CMD U2 command listen go to remote gt executes command System Trigger lt listen gt lt goto remote listen gotoremote ttrg7 10 CMD U 20 FORMAT 3B 30 OUTPUT 13 20 256 8 512 Device Trigger t trg 718 10 CMD U2 20 FORMAT 3B 30 OUTPUT 13 20 256 8 512 go to remote gt new sweep triggered System Clear go io remote gt goto remote gt 10 CMD U 20 FORMAT 3B instrument preset gt 30 30 OUTPUT 13 20 256 20 512 Device Clear t cir 718 10CMD 22 go to remote 20 FORMAT 3B instrument preset 30 OUTPUT 13 20 256 4 512 System Remote Enable TOCMD 7U 20 FORMAT B allows go to remote gt 30 O
15. LABEL The terminates the label mode and line 7 can be omitted The terminator is not displayed nor is it stored in display memory 4 6 DISPLAY INPUT COMMANDS LB Character Position Characters generated for the label command are placed on the CRT display in a fixed grid similar to the character positions on a typed page that is in rows and columns This can be an important consideration when labeling graph lines or points The display size determines position and number of rows and columns D1 Ein LEE HERE DEER ii ui e EE EE E uu HH EIE EE EN UNITS TE m HH n g m AITANA EE HE EER d ELLLOTEEEE im 1024 32 CHARACTER LINES EZ aM l DP AG I a 3902 2 H s a EN HH m u IW aa a S agg Pl re H muniri n siens ETER LS HEEEL EEEL ER EE RE as HH PTERA ELE EELEE eee EER LENIE rH 238580580 EER Tin aiu EHHA Hp p Ht HH EER EER int Eg af dad ddl UAE E QUU REEL RHET 2 1024 UNITS 64 CHARACTER SPACES D2 1024 UNITS 32 CHARACTER LiNES 1024 UNITS 64 CHARACTER SPACES 4 7 DISPLAY INPUT COMMANDS D3 704 UNITS 22 CHARACTER LINES 704 UNITS N 44 CHARACTER SPACES The character position is referenced from the lower left corner of the character space shown below If a plot absolute statement calls a position anywhere within the space the character will be placed within the character boundary in the space lf t
16. RD 4 1 Index In Format Analyzer Output o ooo 3 2 Conroe osi vetri ERE TR 3 3 Format Precautions 2 Front Panel Commands aaa aaau 2 1 Function Code soos a 2 2 foldout 3 mm ce ME EXPERS 4 12 Graph GR ouo ge Yeu d e es 4 12 sa uc HPAB Device COMMandS 13 System Commands JOY 1 8 HP IB Controller lr deam 1 4 HP IB Input to the Display 4 1 B 1 i EE E AAE E EN 4 15 Input to the Display iecore ERR ADS 4 1 Input Trace BYE EE GER REEDS es 4 15 instrument Preset 1P 4 1 foldout KOEIE AA ee CERE Bens see Units ae Lapa LB CP 4 6 Label terminator DD 4 6 Dod iiri ie dato ur RED EO 4 6 BEL pelvis ostia 1 7 la atar REO Eyes Mey C 4 Eo ins es ipod oot TU CD T4 M MA O A tS LA Me id 3 1 Marker terree ctore DO ee ase CECI n 3 1 ME a ur dt utt adiri ea e Qu 3 1 MHz MZ msec MS f ecc RE v E EIS see Units mV MV AN no Number Ebltys cssc DETENER edv ex 2 3 Number Terminator 2 4 BE IS piante ses dn d au hates 3 1 wi MD Mc 2 7 Operator Enabled Service Request 5 6 A GO AR ai DE 3 5 Output Active Function OA aaua 3 8 Output Command Summary 3 1 Output Formats O1 O2 O3 04 qd Output Eear OL iiis uv DERS PES 27 Output Marker Amplitude MA 3 4 Output Marker Frequency MF 3 4 Output Traced TA TB ess oy ae Po eh ae BS Output Trace Arith
17. Spectrum Analyzer is equipped for HP IB operation HP IB hardware includes the HP IB inter face card and the rear panel HP IB connector An HP IB interconnection cable is required to connect the analyzer to the controller HP IB interface Programming codes are summarized on the lower pullout information card and in a foldout in side the back cover of this manual A more detailed syntax summary can be found in Appendix C HP 8568A Spectrum Analyzer INFORMATION Cards HP IB Interconnection with Programing Codes Cable supplied with the HP Controller HP IB interface option HP IB Connector A13J1 RF Section Rear Panel Hewlett Packard interface Bus the Hewlett Packard implementation of instrument interface standard IEEE Std 488 1975 and ANSI Std MC1 1 Digital interface for programmable instrumentation 1 1 REMOTE OPERATION Remote Operation Overview The standard 8568A Spectrum Analyzer with an HP 1B controller allows Remote operation of the analyzer s front panel functions including the shift key functions See Chapter 2 Output of any analyzer function value or trace amplitude See Chapter 3 Input of special CRT display labels and graphics See Chapter 4 interrupt of controller for service or data transfer See Chapter 5 The following illustrate these programming modes Change Front Panel Functions To set the center frequency to 258 7 MHz and the span to 10 MHz with the HP 9825A Computing
18. are used primarily to store analyzer response data to be displayed Use is not restricted to the storage of trace data As Chapter 4 describes operator defined graphics and annotation can be written into the memory for display on the CRT Each trace address may contain an integer from O to 4095 When drawing trace values from 0 to 1023 will be plotted on the CRT display as amplitude y position in display units Appendix B discusses these values in detail 1023 1000 900 800 700 600 Y POSITION in Display Units S09 400 300 200 100 0 WE 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1023 X POSITION in Dispiay Units A 1 DISPLAY MEMORY For traces A B and C the horizontal distance on the CRT is determined by the amplitude value s proximity to the first trace address in the example below in address 1024 Amplitude x y Position Address Value Y on CRT Display Instruction 0 622 1 531 l i i i 1 i Trace B 998 181 Page 2 999 162 1024 1000 185 Addresses Overrange Blanked The addresses 2023 and 2024 describe one trace line drawn between 998 181 and 999 162 The values in the X overrange addresses blank those lines Vs Annotation and Graticule Page 3 of the display memory is filled with instructions upon instrument preset These instructions draw the graticule and annotation on the displays E A 2 DISPLAY MEMORY The display memory contents for the addresses in
19. at display address 2054 Bi fmt LE wrt 712 DM See da wrt Fis CASAR DAL dd 2143 LER 3 wrt mies deer Line 1 Rewrites a new subroutine address 3080 in place of the old one Line 2 Writes the new symbol vector subroutine starting at address 3080 Line 3 Return After running this program the display memory contains the following B 15 DISPLAY PROGRAMMING Loop Instructions Load Counter Register Idc and Decrement and Skip on Zero dsz As an example looping will be used to draw a grid in two places on the CRT display in one refresh The trace C page will be programmed to contain the graphics me o m vtr 3072 plot absolute 1026 3073 x 600 PA 600 600 3074 y 300 PU 300 2048 2348 3075 jump sub isb 1163 positioning 3076 to subroutine address 3199 vector 3077 plot absolute vtr 1026 3078 x 100 PA 100 100 3079 y 300 PU 300 2048 2348 3080 jump sub jsb 1163 3081 to address 3199 end of display repeat 10 times idc 10 3201 plot relative vtr 1026 3202 x O PR 0 2048 2048 3203 y 25 PU 25 2048 2073 3204 x 300 PR 300 2048 2348 looping 3205 y O PD 0 0 subroutine 3206 x O PR O 2048 2048 3207 y 25 PU 25 2048 2073 3208 x 300 PR 1024 300 2048 2712 3209 y O PD 0 0 3210 decrement dsz 1099 321 jump to jmp 1035 address rin start return The program can then be
20. beginn ing at address 1024 which is the first address of trace B execute HW wrt Fim CORA ADN DAS SEE gag ve This display program instructs the display to draw a vector to the position 500 600 on the CRT To read and print out the display program run The first byte contains the four most significant bits the second contains eight least significant bits of the 12 bit instruction or data word All examples in Appendix B use the 9825A Computing Controller B 1 DISPLAY PROGRAMMING Address Contents Line t Formats for decimal word values sets the first address to be read Lines 2 8 Read and print three successive display program addresses and their contents The address is automatically incremented by one for each DH execution Line 3 Calls for the output of the display address Line 5 Calis for the output of the current display address contents The following sections define and outline the instruction and data words The final section provides detailed examples of display programming and a consolidated coding sheet ord splay Prograi A display program word can be a value from 0 to 4095 The value is stored as a 12 bit binary word and several of the bits define the type of word Graphic representations used in this appendix are defined as follows MSB LSB DE Decimal bit 11 total Doon n decimal 2048 1024 512 256 128 8 value where x is either a 1 true or a O false The sample wor
21. illustrates i 3B 5i cupio Figa La MO fe rend fiash for Line 5 10 Commands the analyzer to TALK wrt 718 and output in decimal OT the marker amplitude MA Line 6 20 30 The controller is set to LISTEN and store the marker amplitude level in A 3 1 OUTPUT COMMANDS put Formats Outputs to th controller through the HP IB must be formatted appropriately for the controller and measurement re quirements Format Analyzer Output Command Output Examples Code Decimal value in Hz dB volts or seconds O3 0 52 volts 1072367 Hz 10 63 dBm 005 sec Decimal values 0 to 4095 O1 122 unbianked Representing trace amplitude CRT 1001 unblanked iH 1 poems 2050 2 blanked 0 to 1023 positive and unbianked 3995 100 blanked 2048 to 3071 positive and blanked 3072 to 4095 negative and blanked 1056 machine language Representing analyzer machine control word language words 1024 to 4095 Binary values in two 8 bit bytes with the 4 02 OOOOXXXX XXXXXXXX most significant bits 0 The most significant byte is output first values 0 to 4095 Binary values in one 8 bit binary byte 04 XXXXXXXX Amplitudes only values 0 to 255 The binary formats are used primarily for the rapid transfer of function values which can be expressed in display units Value units format O3 is selected on instrument preset 1 Decimal values for frequency x and amplitude y are referenced from the lower left c
22. of the calibration routine and when the specified number of video averages is reached Controller interrupt with Service Request The HP i8 controller response to a service request depends upon the controller The operating manual for each con troller s HP IB interface discusses reaction to a pulled SRQ line Computing controllers such as the HP 9825A and HP 9830A have commands which allow monitoring the SRQ line then interpreting and clearing the status byte if a request for service occurs 9825A Computing Control Statement Review Bit Functions Dit bit N A Returns the value of the Nth bit in A 0 or 1 bit 1010XX A Returns 1 if the mask matches the bit pattern in A or O if the mask does not match X or other character in the mask in dicates bit which is not checked dto dto A Returns the octal equivalent of the decimal value specified by A interrupt Statements oni oni 7 shutoff Establishes the service routine where program execution will branch to interrupt on SRQ from the HP IB specified by select code 7 Enables the calculator to accept an SRQ interrupt from the HP 1B specified by select code 7 iret irei Signals the end of a service routine During the interrupt service routine the interrupt for the peripheral being serviced is automatically disabled to prevent cascading of interrupts 5 3 SERVICE REQUESTS Examples This program includes an SRQ interpreter which prints the name of the Se
23. or changes to the instrument state kso fo is Hain BESEF c Ui Pt ki i e 1 p v i art Pies EQ hd Bf wrt Pii EE Es ci any program not addressing the analyzer any useful subroutine using variable X 5 5 SERVICE REQUESTS Line 4 Disables previous SRQ commands with R1 then enables the units key pressed SRQ command R4 Line 5 Enables entry from the DATA keyboard When an entry is completed by pressing the units key key subroutine is called Lines 6 10 Computation or control not involving the analyzer Lines 12 21 The SRO subroutine clears the SRQ line reads the data entered OA and enters the value into variable X The operator can call for service from a controller from the front panel when in local by pressing sur r This front panel request for service sends SRQ 102 the units key pressed SRQ It is not necessary for the SRQ com mand R4 to be enabled to use the front panel service request Example One use for the front panel service request is to summon a remote controller for assistance Several analyzers each with a different HP IB address can call for a service such as recording trace test data The following example suggests one possible way to do this for a single analyzer During the data transfer beginning at line 24 the CRT display will appear as follows with the DATA TRANSFER message blinking DPERATOR TEST DEVICE SERIAL NOT Press Hz hey when ready DATA TRANSFER IN PROGR
24. page 3 are listed in the table below The first address given on each line is that of the instruction for the specific readout 2048 2064 controls marker display line threshold annotation and graticule on off functions 2065 2079 center line marks 2085 2099 marker symbols 2100 2114 display line 2115 2167 graticule 2168 2175 hp 2176 2192 BATTERY 2193 2208 CORED 2209 2240 RES BW 2241 2272 VERW 2273 2304 SWP 2305 2336 ATTEN and PG preamp gain number 2337 2368 SREE 2369 2384 dBi LINEAR 2385 2400 trace detection mode SAMPLE POS PK NEG PK 2401 2432 START or CENTER 2433 2464 STOP or SPAN 2465 2496 OFFSET for amplitude 2497 2528 DE 2529 2560 CTH 2561 2624 MKR or CNTR or MKR A 2625 2656 OFFSET for frequency 2657 2668 VID AVG 2689 2751 title 2753 2768 YTO UNLOCK 2769 2784 249 UNLOCK 2785 2800 275 UNLOCK 2801 2816 OVEN COLD 2817 2832 EXT REF 2833 2848 VTO UNCAL 2849 2864 YTO ERROR 2865 2879 MEAS UNCAL or 2880 2944 frequency diagnostics 2945 2960 AND EO SM SS DT 2961 2976 SRO number 2977 3007 center frequency STEP 3008 3071 active function readout indicate the CRT annotation stored values included where applicable A 3 DISPLAY MEMORY ata Transfer The trace functions dicta
25. require ASCII lower case letters or symbols NOTE Some controller keyboards do not offer lower case ASCII codes directly For example the HP 9830A Computing Controller keyboard outputs the ASCII upper case letters when unshifted But when shifted the output letters are lower case even though the 9830A display and companion HP 98664 Printer only show capital letters To activate the shift function m graticule off press 9830A s oe w The statement line appears as 19 CMD UR KSM The code to the analyzer will be sent as KSm KSn will turn the graticule on again Data Entry A data entry through the HP IB must meet the same requirements as a front panel DATA entry that is it must have a number value and a message that terminates the entry signaling the analyzer io assign the function value Number The number code within the quote field must be a string of ASCII decimal numbers plus an optional decimal point It may be preceded by a minus or plus sign If the decimal is not included in the entry it will be assumed at the end of the number Either fixed or floating point notation may be used to make number entries For example the entries 12 3E6 12 3e6 and 12300000 each will enter the same number Caution should be exercised when using the E exponent format since several marker command mnemonics also begin with E The number of significant digits accepted and stored by the analyzer is dependent up
26. the free field formats for computing controllers are sufficient to meet these requirements However it is best to retain explicit control of the controller format Format is one of the first items to check in a program which locks up the HP IB or results in erroneous answers Programs without explicit format statements may run or may not run depending upon the con troller s last format condition The free field format of the 9825A Computing Controller equivalent to an output format of 4118 4 will be sufficient for most single front panel commands However when four or more commands are issued on one line the fourth number will be terminated by a CR LF prior to the units transfer A better format is 2 fmt i f0 c 2 format number EE RE LO suppresses all CRILFs fixed point suppresses leading spaces character field for and digits to the right of the decimal units mnemonic Example Line 1 format 1 is referenced in the write select code 718 1 Note that reads where data is input to the controller are best transferred in the free field format This is not the same format as for write See 9825A General VO Manual page 8 2 5 FRONT PANEL REMOTE DATA STEPS Q gt Commands The DATA step key s codes are DN step down fas UP step up These codes can be used in programming just as the step keys are used for front panel data entry One useful application of the step key codes is for changing the values in a seque
27. units relative to the last plotted point plot relative PR PA plot absolute PR plotrelative The pen commands pen up PU and pen down PD determine whether or not the vector specified is visible on the CRT PU penup next vectors are not displayed PD pen down next vectors are displayed Notation Conventions Blue characters are command literals ASCII code mnemonics Items within brackets are optional Three dots indicate that the previous item s can be duplicated items enclosed in the angular brackets are considered to be elements of the language Indicates a choice of one element from a list Syntax for Plot Absolute PU PD PA x y PU PD x ya PU IPD xa ya gt The plot absolute command is followed by sets of x y pairs Each pair specifies a location relative to the display origin 0 0 specified in display units Pen up PU and pen down PD dictate whether or not the following vector s are displayed Syntax for Plot Relative PU PD PR x y PU PD xo yo PU PD Xa Ya The plot relative command is followed by sets of x y pairs Each pair specifies a location relative to the last point specified in display units Pen commands are used the same as in plot absolute 4 3 DISPLAY INPUT COMMANDS PA NOTE Each number entry whether a literal or a variable requires a delimiter to insure entry The x and y values in the syntax statements must be delimited by a comma semicolon 6
28. written loading the words sequentially as listed in the above pian t fmt Jao mt Ege GHR 2343 B Sek za d rt mi dpt Pike iens IE de PASE ji grt m Be pe B 16 DISPLAY PROGRAMMING Line 1 initializes the analyzer Line 2 amp 3 The positioning vectors Line 4 A skip to next memory insures that the following loop DA 3199 is not refreshed unless called from addresses 3075 and 3080 the isb words Running the program results in the following display B 17 DISPLAY PROGRAMMING INSTRUCTION AND DATA WORD SUMMARY graph gra 1024 amplitude position unbianked y position blanked y 2048 negative blanked 4096 y label ib 1025 character blink on bkon blink off bkof skip to next 16 block sk16 skip to next 32 block sk32 skip to next 64 block sk64 vector vtr ASCII or special character code 255 17 18 145 146 147 1026 x position data in display units y position data in display units absoiute vectors x 40 relative vectors x 4 2048 pen down YU pen up bianked y 4 2048 Ancillary to gra Ibl and vtr instruction word big expand bex expand and shift exs bright brt dim dim clear x position word 4 256 word 64 word 128 word 4 8 word 4 16 end of display end skip to next memory page skp skip to next control word ske jump imp address jump to subroutine 9 sb address return 9 ret de
29. wrt 718 SP 125 3 MZ HP IB Data Command frequency span function code data value entry terminated with MHz unit code When the line is executed the analyzer responds to MZ just as it would to pressing lonthe front panel a Function Codes A front panel function is activated by a two or three character code This code generally abbreviates the function name For example center frequency CF reference level RL and instrument preset IP Some keys grouped together are numbered by location such as the marker modes M1 M2 M3 and M4 A complete summary is in a fold out inside the rear cover This summary includes the preset conditions with instru ment preset GE or IP TED SPECTRUM ANALYZER DISPLAY i di TAPER TRACE fe REFERENCE LINE an D ts e E 2 Eb S9 a 85084 SPECTRUM ANALYZER sc Hb tS GH DATA eat FUNCTION EER COUPLED FUNCTION EER arm MARKER n e Lr oF o E exe i ee INSTRUMENT STATE EE J BE a 0 A a KSTA 3 uy EE ED Sea ME Front Panel Codes also see foldout inside rear cover ASCII letters numbers and symbols 2 2 FRONT PANEL REMOTE r KEY FUNCTION Codes l Programming a shift function requires a code sequence similar to the manual procedure for activating a shift func For example to select the video averaging shift function blue code G execute wrt 718 KS G HP iB Data Command activates shift activates video averaging About half of the shift key function codes
30. 0 800 350 400 4 5 GEI S Els Ela nz 650 800 Position vector for the drawing of the rectangle The vector is not displayed The plot relative command draws a rectangle 200 by 300 display units Each pair of DISPLAY INPUT COMMAND LBDT a The label command allows writing text anywhere on the CRT display LB label All HP IB data messages following a label command will be written on the CRT display Plot commands are used to position the text on the CRT The size of the label characters is determined by the display size Syntax for Label lt display size plot LB text label terminator LB enables the label mode text a string of character codes see below label terminator gt a message which ends the label mode The next ASCII character code will not be written on the CRT display lt label terminator gt can be done with either an ASCII ETX end of text decimal code 3 or a character code selected by the user with DT label terminator For example if the symbol is desired to end a label mode execute the following statement wrt 718 DT An instrument preset will eliminate the special label terminator code Example in the following program line 7 ends the label mode 6 wrt 718 PU PA 500 500 LB LABEL 7 wtb 718 3 Ifa is to be used to terminate the label mode this line is used before the label statement wrt 718 DT Now line 6 can be written 6 wrt 718 PU PA 500 500 LB
31. 10 kHz The numbers represent distance from the lower left hand corner of the graticule X 0 Y 0 in display units The up per right hand graticule corner is the 1000 1000 point Also see Appendix A Three scales referenced to the CRT screen can be used for positioning on the CRT display Each is initiated by a display size command code D1 D2 or D3 Once a code is selected it remains in effect until changed Preset Display Size D1 Full Screen Display Size D2 Expanded Display Size D3 The preset size is used for all graticule trace information It is automatically called upon instrument preset 0 0 1000 1000 1023 1023 500 500 120 73 1023 1023 1005 957 562 515 81 49 689 689 676 645 mm No writing outside boundary marked by AA D 4 2 DISPLAY INPUT COMMANDS PA PR NOTE The display size boundaries shown assume the CRT display has been internally adjusted to the standards set in the 8568A Operating and Service Manual Aspect Ratio The aspect rat o of the display that is the proportions of x to y that will yield the same length on the CRT is 1 1 3 For example to create a square figure on the display if the x vector were 100 units the y vector would have to be 100 x 1 3 130units Plot Cor Graphics are plotted on the CRT display using vectors lines whose end points are specified in display units The vec tor coordinates can be given in absolute units plot absolute PA or in
32. 8 7 8 5e 5 A De to ancillary functions display size beam intensity big expand bex 256 dim dim 8 expand and shift exs 64 bright brt 128 clear x position clx 16 Abbreviations within the parenthesis are useful as a short hand notation for writing display programs They are not programming codes B 3 DISPLAY PROGRAMMING clear x position clx The x axis display position is reset to the far left 0 y big expand bex The x and y CRT beam deflection is amplified by a 1 49 factor expand and shift exs The x and y CRT beam deflection is amplified by a 1 13 factor expand and the zero zero reference point is shifted to the lower left of the CRT screen shift dim dim Sets the CRT beam intensity below the normal level bright brt Sets the CRT beam intensity to the maximum level Program Control Instructions The display program will normally execute the contents of memory starting with address 0 and working consecutively to address 4095 Program control instructions are used to alter the normal flow of a program by allowing program ex ecution to be transferred anywhere in memory These program contro words allow jumps to specific display addresses jmp jumps to a display program subroutine isb returns ret skips to the next control instruction skc and a word that simulates a for next loop the decrement and skip on zero dsz ti 10 89 8 7 skip to next control ins
33. 8568A Spectrum Analyzer Remote Operation va AUGUST 1978 Copyright Hewlett Packard Co 1978 1400 Fountain Grove Parkway Santa Rosa California U S A aui Printed in U S A 08568 90003 CHAPTERS Chapter Page 1 introduction to Remote Operation 2 6605 EES EER RR ER x ie Phas eR AREE Eua Y X KA ax 1 1 2 HP IB Operation of Front Panel Control o oe ee eae ER d buceo Seay gus 2 1 3 HP IB Output Commands isses eres DEER ER AE EAN SEE DORRE DNE DE EE Me Sek E igne 3 1 A MHPIBInpulttothe Display oz eck ne eek A a a e d i cio did 4 4 5 Service RBOUBSIS cio res Dep da du e Xx XOU eR den SHARES qub qc LA a o nee Meee een 5 1 Appendices A Display Memory Structure riso V De t a Reb wee P EXE D RUE CPI uid Rake dp OC Ee A EL A 1 B Display Memory Programming ea i ke Ext 3 x EUR vae Eb im rs eda m ADR eae ALS B 1 Ge Syntax Requirements dera OBI eres eS ta EG Ee GP DES NADOS G 3 HP IB Command Summary 2200 AA ee o ORR A SR oae o edis fold out inside rear cover INDEX CONTENTS Chapter Page 1 Introduction to Remote Operation SE EE SG sh rr 1 1 General DOS r karese ox eve AAA AAA EI eques P OR ER PE SETAE 1 1 Remote Operation OYE 23 nes sed Regex at doe been Er OR E AS Wer RA gone EN Ite 1 2 HPB CONTO Ss E E pu Meg PIA E dedu ES a ied od Su XS c ae See woel 1 4 Addressing the Spectr mAhalyzelo esa edt tw req RES Kad bue osuere Ud add Rcg elu Oe edad dubi iata 1 4 Remote Local Op ration ii RARR EE Auer EER EDE
34. B are exchanged A B AOn 1 The sweep is stopped and trace B is placed in a STORE mode 2 Aisreplaced with A B 3 The sweep is continued from where it stopped Each new analyzer response point is reduced by the amount stored in the corresponding address of trace B and the result is stored in trace A This process continues at the sweep rate 4 Subsequent sweeps will continue the process A B A Off 1 The analyzer response is written directly into trace A Trace B and mode are not changed B DL B 1 TraceBis placed in view Trace A is not changed 2 The amplitude stored in the display line register is subtracted from the contents in each trace B address and the result stored at the same trace B address A 5 Appendix B This appendix describes the explicit CRT display programming possible with the analyzer s display language A display program allows additional graphics capability on the CRT of the spectrum analyzer beyond those discussed in Chapter 4 Explicit display programming uses less display memory allowing more efficient use of the 4096 display ad dresses available Appendix A Display Memory Structure provides background material for this section play Program A display program consists of a specific set of display instructions and data words written into the display memory The display instructions dictate the operating mode of the CRT circuitry such as label graph or plot The data words dir
35. Display The CRT display can be cleared of annotation and graticule JP A4 KSm KSo clears display Instrument preset erases the last graphics in trace C blanks trace B and assures that any new labeling or plotting will start in trace C To erase trace C graphics and prepare the new trace C labeling or plotting without an instrument preset use the command EM A4 B4 KSm KSoL9 clears display without instrument preset EM erases trace C and allows new trace C input L clears the display line if enabled NOTE Trace C page is used for the execution of several shift tunctions It is not possible to use the trace C page for special graphics and use the following shift functions KSG video averaging KSw display error correction data Sweeping Without a Trace Display In the above clearing procedure A4 B4 blanks the A and B traces and stops the sweep In order to continue sweeping and not display the trace information the following codes can be written to the display memory Trace A DAG DW 1056 or DAQPS Trace B DA1 24DW1 56 or DA1024PS Appendix B discusses the DA DW and PS commands 4 1 DISPLAY INPUT COMMANDS D1 D2 D3 CRT Display Reference Coordinates Positions on the CRT display are referenced in display units For example the coordinates of several points along a trace can be designated as follows 500 1090 MKR A 153 kHz SEA ad 49 4 CENTER 199 49 MHz NONIS RES BW 10 kHz VBW
36. ESS 5 6 SERVICE REQUESTS SUOIISSND 1480 sese1e 62 eui SENDS 9014198 SJE9 O pu Speal C1 BUI Seui iayo UG JSTCUAGINUJ SdH sip 01 umeg iopesado O O41UOO uiniey v out g 92841 p1008H zz pue 91 sauli SI MSUB pJO223H 19Quunu euas a oiAap pue iequunu JO e1odo JO sy LE 0 gi Sour BURNOIANS DUS 81 sezAjeue BOIAIES Ti my SARA 3 EXTA ON 21 98 801480 f oieisdo 1uoujeunseouu 891A9D 1X9U YPM senuiuoo 10181800 yde1b o10ud 180 ees suonsenb JOMSUB 0 PIBOG 9N Y iva sesn 103e19do NOLLONA4 AJA 20 Buisn aojasas 10 SHE o ejado 819jdui00 USUM g Boer ul Sj hS81 S9101g OSL Jaquunu eros BOIABP UO S1S9 suiojied g jo1e1ado U3ZATVNV Appendix A This appendix discusses the details of the display memory as background for advanced HP iB display programming Appendix B A summary of trace data manipulation by the trace mode functions is also discussed The display memory is defined as the digital storage allocated in the spectrum analyzer for the information which is presented on the CRT display it is comprised of four different memories three trace memories and one annotation memory Addresses are assigned as follows DISPLAY MEMORY ADDRESSES Page 1 Trace A j t 1023 1024 Page 2 i Trace B l 2047 2048 Page 3 i Graticule i Annotation 3071 3072 Page 4 Trace C A i 4095 Traces The trace pages
37. Fr EIER cn MEME aco BOE Ri OE eet io d aliq is 1 7 Analyzer Response to HP IB System and Device Commands ee ese EE EG EE eee Nee ee 1 8 2 HP IB Operation of Front Panel Controls liie e 2 1 Front Pals Conte Commands ceu RA DA V duy unt or i e e eR ta eB aeo ee Dd 24 Fulconis de a dS CNS hime obi Y Reo Pate teh as ROI CS AN A eee ie darin 22 Data PM ae ire ep eS ed PR SP p p the Cog eec vt ta da phot SS LAUR E EE sto albe a eS e wes 23 Lear Mode Old oie a da s Es BOER EE aeg idit D Re ee hue Sait Rr dose ta Sake EIE acus 27 Take Sween Command TS 2x92 dc coi Que DER pde SATA MERE NA 28 RS de AREA dos tace EA TEE ORE ex OE RE dr E E tears e ar S 29 3 HP IB Output Commands es 6 505 CUPS ER FE ERR ERREICHEN TN WR ete DR be Rd Pan ARA 3 1 Gomimand Sequaeti6B ede od DE RE nce y AAA E dienen didis Ve Exe da e RES eed 3 1 UTIL Formats i5 oos detis eoe OE HI Ie ER ee s pete donde ue An a OPN LE enar uid apost paid 3 2 Controller Formats soridin ed DRE S DIR DER de E OE A BASAL AEE M Aa M EA ed Je alice ik hk 3 3 Output of CRT Display Annotation OA MA MF OT ee ese Se e hehe nnn 3 3 Duiparar Trace Data TA TB Lu doe e Een sa dri EE ee eae ER Sh he Ae el Tes DER DE 3 6 Reading Trace Amplitude at a Specific Location DR EE EE EES EE n 3 9 Learn Mode A A AS 3 10 Operator Entered DATA Values io EE STERRE A p Rl e a Pc e dn Pom Df 3 10 Operator Enabled Service Request usce ek DES RD RE Ee Re Rel Co Rd Xm wes NEE De PCR a 3 12 4 HP IB inp
38. MITS INA STORED IN B The original test limits and input can be recalled by the sequence E Nf iF f d ELEK imm RADIATED INTERFERENCE 2OOkHz SMHz Trace C stores the special annotation This display can be obtained byle wes A wer Bim j DISPLAY INPUT COMMANDS iB Input Trace B The input trace B command allows input of all 1001 trace B points in two byte binary format 02 A trace is stored in controller memory using 02TB the output of trace B in 2 byte binary format then recalled with IB Example The following program saves a trace in B 1001 2 controller memory array then restores it to trace B using IB Lines 0 to 6 Lines 15 to 18 Line 15 Line 17 eia measurement program Stores trace B in binary in B Restores trace B The command IB must not be followed by a CR LF thus the use of wtb Writes two binary numbers for each display point Note Another command KS 125 4 can be used to store trace data in a similar manner at any display location See page C 4 4 15 Chapter 5 This chapter describes the analyzer s request for service capability and its use for interruptions to obtain service from an HP IB controller A service request is an analyzer output which signifies an occurance at the analyzer such as a units key pressed the end of a sweep or a hardware problem A service request may trigger the controller to take action such as changing the instrument
39. UTPUT 13 20 768 by setting HP IB REN line true Device Remote 1 rem 718 10 CMD U2 sets REN Line true 20 FORMAT B go to remote 30 OUTPUT 13 20 768 40 CMD 2 System Local 10 CMD 2U lt remote disabled gt 20 FORMAT B REN false 30 OUTPUT 13 20 1024 gotolocal Device Local 1 cl 718 10 CMD 2U2 go tolocal 20 FORMAT 38 30 OUTPUT 13 20 256 1 512 System Local Lockout remote enabled 10 CMD U2 addressed gt 20 FORMAT 3B no response to ia tilo 7 30 OUTPUT 13 20 256 17 512 Clear Local Lockout iic 7 rem 7 10CMD U2 and Set Local Of press 20 FORMAT 2B response to fie 30 OUTPUT 13 20 1024 768 Abort teli 7 Press se j will not go to local unaddress gt but if in local will remain in local Read Status Byte tirds MA 10 CMD 2U 20 FORMAT 58 30 OUTPUT 13 20 256 95 53 24 512 See Chapter 5 interrupt and Service Request Capability 40 CMD R 50A RBYTE 13 60 CMD U 70 FORMAT 38 80 OUTPUT 13 70 256 25 512 lt gt indicates an analyzer or controller executed command Adevice clear can command an instrument preset even if the analyzer is locked in an unexecutable command sequence 1 9 Chapter 2 HP IB OPERATION OF FRONT PANEL CONTROLS This chapter describes remote operation of the front panel controls including the shift functions Since most of the controls can be remotely programmed by a controller it is simpler to describe t
40. VI SC MS US units of power DM dBm dBmV lt dBaV gt DB GZ DM dBm dBmV dBuV SC MZ units of voltage MV lt mV gt KZ MS UV aV HZ US units of frequency HZ lt Hz gt UV US KZ kHz MV MS MZ MHz DM SC GZ GHz DMIDB units of time SC sec MZ DM MS lt msec gt KZ MV US lt psec gt HZjUV lt step gt UP DN Data Output From Analyzer Output commands can be aborted during the output by addressing the analyzer to listen and issuing any legal com mand The final single character of any output will pull EOI true for data valid condition C 1 SYNTAX SUMMARY AT A1 A2 A3 AA BL B1 B2 B3 B4 CA CF CR CS CT CV C1 C2 DA DB DD DL DM DN DR DT DW D1 D2 D3 Syntax listen AT entry step listen A1 l lt listen A2 listen A3 listen A4 listen BL listen B1 listen B2 listen B3 listen B4 listen CA listen CF entry lt step gt listen CR listen CS listen CT listen CV listen C1 listen C2 listen DA lt entry gt see units code listen address DD binary value gt binary value where address set by DA listen DL entry step see units code gt listen DN also see lt step gt lt listen gt f
41. Y x y X y X y X y 300 pen up 300 relative 0 pen down 0 relative 200 pen down 300 relative O pen down 0 relative H 4 260 relative 20 pen up Orelative 100 pen down 10 relative 40 pen up label the word INPUT end of display 200 pen down 300 4 2048 300 2048 040 0 2048 200 40 1024 300 2048 0 O 2048 1024 200 0 260 2048 20 4 2048 O 2048 1024 100 0 1024 10 2048 1024 40 2048 ibl DISPLAY PROGRAMMING The above plan can then be programmed and run The display can now be modified by adding various ancillary functions to the existing control words Brighten the INPUT term by adding 128 brt to the label address 3089 1025 128 1153 7 wtb 718 LB 17 INPUT 18 1028 The label INPUT can be made to blink by adding blink on bk on and blink off bk of words before and after the IN PUT label 7 wrt 718 1025 17 73 78 80 85 84 18 1028 DISPLAY PROGRAMMING Alternately line 7 could have been written 7 wto 718 LB 17 INPUT 18 1028 i instructi These examples use both program and display control instructions End of Display end and Skip to Next Memory Page skp To end the display after the first 100 points of trace A write DW 1028 into address 100 wrt 718 S2TSDA100DW1028 All display memory information beyond the address 100 is ignored in
42. anel key functions Note Only shift functions which allow entries are listed All others have the general syntax listen KS 8 bit binary byte Title mode characters called from analyzer character set are displayed on top line of CRT display Up to 64 characters can be input Video averaging on Maximum sample size set by entry value SYNTAX SUMMARY ETE Fem KSJ KSP KSV KSZ Ko KS KS KS KS 123 0 KS 125 KZ LB LG LL LN LO MA MCO MC1 MF MS a Pa yew WN VLA lt listen KSJ lt value gt lt delimiter gt each entry programs different DACS lt value gt HZ lt value gt KZ lt value gt MZ lt value gt GZ lt step gt listen KSP lt entry gt lt listen gt KSV lt entry gt listen KSZ lt entry gt listen KS lt entry gt lt listen gt KS lt lt entry gt listen KS lt entry listen KS lt entry gt lt step gt listen format lt address gt KS 123 lt talk for HP 9825A KS 123 is KSzr listen address KS 125 up to 2002 eight bit binary bytes gt for HP 9825A KS 125 is KS see lt units code gt lt listen LB character string lt label terminator where label lt ETX gt lt character selected by DT command gt terminator gt listen LG entry listen LL listen gt LN listen L0 l listen format MA talk listen MCQ
43. as complementary values of 1024 to the ten least significant bits of the data word For example a plot relative 300 of x position is written in the data word as 1024 300 724 The actual plot wraps around the display to find the 300 position CRT Display Boundaries Na m di New Original Position Position Displayed Vector i NN i Ha 300 1024 300 724 Wrap Around 10 9 5 4 Te rra x amp y negative relative 0 1023 3 2 t 0 x x x x 1024 negative value 1 Label Data words following the label instruction are interpreted as character codes 11 10 9 8 5 7 4 3 EED DEE TT LE 8 bit character code DNI The four most significant bits are not used However the two most significant bits must not be O 1 respectively or the word would become a control instruction B 7 DISPLAY PROGRAMMING A specific set of character codes provide special label functions Code null 0 back space BS 8 line feed LF 10 vertical tab opposite of line feed VT 11 form feed move beam to 0 0 FMFD 12 carriage return CR 13 blink on bkon i7 blink off bkof 18 space SP 32 Skip to next 16 block sk16 145 skip to next 32 block sk32 146 skip to next 64 block sk64 147 A blink on bkon will cause blinking of everything drawn on the display until a subsequent blink off bkof or an end of display end instruction is encountered with program execution A skip
44. ave OOR TOE VI ont udo era ED At qa ee B 1 Loading and Reading a Display Program 2 EER ES SR ERG RR hh re aser rer hers B 1 Display Program Words canere DP oe Neck b n pb Ca X be IMSS ay eger Sep ea CP ro Peu TON eee ebd B2 instpioHonm WOHNIS tos ey EAR Elite Peer e e ed Eo QE AE EE dior di caede M dU B 3 Data WEISS A nV ARE LADO e DLR ant DR dq a Cx s dog Ot hee Raw ES A doi Ren B 6 Display Control Instruction Examples sa cust ca ceed oes a Cha ey oe ans See pe DER d em leues B 8 Program Control Instruction Examples x eus sene cuve RE erue Ke eed up ed Re eye gena B 12 instruction and Data Word SUMMA us mown bored ee CET OO d SEE ORO wed e e RAE a USA ee B 18 Consolidated God EE EG AE SR RD od ata dtr ed e TE add dad usu oae de prp Neate ele C Syntax Requirements EE OR ET LEEN EE TP C 1 Notation Conventions si aaner eal ed CR eU SV Carpe mene us dn a E dau A DERDES RR gei E EE du C 1 Dime rr gt va e evi te Und eiu basado EES ER acidic ed us da dte a C 1 Data Entry to Analyze iios cass tes eee REGE ER EM rd aie EE TE Spit C 1 Dala OHIpibirom ADalyVEOE so dera me da durs RARA AE AA A C 1 SE A abet a id ER y VPE e LS EIER f LAE TTE C 2 INDEX HP IB Command Summary 20 00 0200 ser he told out inside rear cover iv Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO REMOTE OPERATION This chapter discusses the requirements for remote operation of the spectrum analyzer using an HP IB computing controller General Description The standard HP 8568A
45. ay control instruction is located at address zero Since the fast sweep direct display of video and sweep is displayed between program executions an end instruction is required for the proper operation of the fast sweep display An end of display in trace C will be changed to a skip to next memory 1056 when BC exchange is executed Count Register Threshold The load counter instruction loads an internal count register with a value determined by bits O through 8 of the instruc tion The internal register is used in two ways When in the graph gra mode the display program interprets the register contents as the display THRESHOLD position The second use is the count register for the decrement and skip on zero dsz instruction The interpretation for these two uses is shown below 11 10 9 load count register Idc DOMO DUE 1536 COUNT A COUNT eek ee 1 to 255 load threshold le 1 1 e xix x x xIx x x 1536 L Display threshold position divided by 4 threshold off fo aa x x x x x xx px 1792 DISPLAY PROGRAMMING NOTE The Idc and dsz instructions use the THRESHOLD level register Therefore a load THRESHOLD instruction must be executed after all uses of idc and dsz and before the next graph command is executed Otherwise the threshold may not function correctly Data words are differentiated by the two most significant bits The following words are data words 11109 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 10 ole xx
46. be in the free field format for the line 3 read statement Lines 2 to 4 10 to 60 A program ioop exited only when a non zero entry is made The loop works this way The enable entry command sets the entry to zero default value OA outputs the value and the controller reads into N IF N 0 as it will without a DATA entry the program continues at line 2 Line 5 60 Outputs the entered number on the controlier s printer The printed outputs from pressing various DATA keys is as follows i EER IRIS EIS du A 5 5 8 TA TIGRIS au Me Mee Fa 2 FS RUE n 9 a na KA AS ES j 88 E There is no response to pressing DATA 0 Multiple digit entries and zero can be made when the service request is used to exit a program loop RE ea TEE NG RRA Da Roi 3mp Line 1 The readout of the entry should be in the free field format line 5 read statement Line 2 Enable entry command preceded by service request format statements R1 clears the service request capability of the analyzer R4 calls for a service request if a unit s key is pressed to signify the completion of an entry See Chapter 5 Line 3 A one line program loop which monitors the HP IB service request status byte When the uhit s key is pressed a service request sets bit 1 of A true and the program continues to line 4 rds 718 A clears the service request See Chapter 5 Line 4 and 5 The active function is output and read Line 6 Outputs the e
47. cluding the annotation Note that the analyzer sweep has been stopped with S2 to prevent signal response data from writing over the control word Skip control words allow certain portions of the display to be omitted from the display There are two types of skip control words which enable 1 skip over the remainder of the present memory page to the beginning of the next memory 2 skip to the next control word The skip page and skip to next control word have been assigned the two command codes PS and SW respectively In the above example the annotation was ignored because of the end of display written into address 100 If instead a skp is written the rest of the display memory can be displayed while omitting the remainder of trace A wrt 718 S2TSDA100DW1056 or wrt 718 S2TSDA100PS FEE dla mr NNNM EN 156 aw 3 MHz VBW i MHz E 26 weet START O Hz RE The programming code PS can be substituted for DW1056 B 12 DISPLAY PROGRAMMING A skp written into the trace C page will skip the refresh pointer to DA 0 trace A This may cause an increase in the trace intensity since the program will not wait for a refresh trigger before beginning the next execution of the program Skip to Next Control Instruction skc Program control is transferred to the next control instruction For example address 2073 of the annotation memory page contains the label control word which places the center frequency mark on the
48. crement and skip two addresses on zero 2 daz load counter THRESHOLD position idc U Jumps and skips will skip to an address containing a control word 1 Loop should use only Ibl and vtr control words lde is not a control word 83 Subroutines may use only vtr control words B 18 1028 1056 or PS 1027 or SW 1035 0 to 4096 1163 0 to 4096 1227 D sl m i These can also be accessed using the LB command These functions can be initiated any time the label mode is active DISPLAY PROGRAMMING CONSOLIDATED CODING INSTRUCTIONS end of display end dim dim clear x position clx skip to next page skp expand and shift exs bright brt big expand bex msb Dit number 11 eT 8 Display Control decrement and Program skip on zero dsz ontrol a jump to subroutine jsb mem Dir Load Counter ldc queam COUT MEE TIERE Threshold la Lal position divided by threshold off DATA Graph gra l xix x x x x x x x x 6 a value selle positive blanked El 0 Character Vector vtr este R o pe x x x x x x x x ose B To x x x x x x xx x R 1 relative vector B 1 blank vector B 19 end of display end 4 jmp dsz jsb or rtn skip to next control instruction skc clear x position clx skip to next page skp Appendix C SYNTAX REQUIREMENTS This appendix summarizes the syntax of the 8568A Spectrum Analyz
49. d displayed is 1024 2 1026 the instruction control word for vector used in the previous ex amples 8 2 DISPLAY PROGRAMMING instruction Words There are three types of instruction words 11 10 9 8 7 B s 4 8 4 4 c 1 Display control ofa Je x xix x x x e x x 1024 2 Program control ej1 Je x x x x x x e 1 ji 10274 X X including end of display e c1je x ix x x xIx 1 x x 1028 3 Count Threshold ej 1 1ixix xixIxix xIxIx 1536 Display Control instructions The display control instruction instructs the CRT circuitry on how to use the subsequent data words to direct the CRT beam The word 1026 vector is an example Data values in a display program following 1026 will direct the CRT beam to x y positions The two other display control words are label which writes characters on the CRT and graph which displays traces 11 10 9 8 MAME E A vector vtr Le 1 e x x xle xIx o 1 o 1026 label Ibl Le t1je x x xle x x e o11 1025 4 vp Pei Te TXTXTXTe IX TX Te eo ves where indicates that additional bits can be set without changing the primary function The syntax of vector label and graph are similar to their programming code counterparts PA PR LB and GR respec tively Pen up down changing display size and beam intensity are controlled by setting various bits along with the con trol instructions and data word These functions are called ancillary functions to the instruction 11 10 9
50. d out the amplitude at the center frequency of trace A trace B and trace C into A Band C respectively 3 9 OUTPUT COMMANDS EE fnt an Celta DAS DE 2t wet Tee IRIEL DE Mn TESCO 4 red TIARA MIER Clos 0H ti wrt Piss DAG DRC 2i red rick Fi urt vic Maar DR ye ped Siu Learn Mode Learn mode provides one means for saving the analyzer s instrument state for later recall A complete discussion of this command is in Chapter 1 Operator Entered DATA Values EE The controller can receive values entered by the operator from the analyzer s DATA keyboard using the enable entry command EE OA enable and output from DATA keyboard and output The general sequence of programmed events should be as follows 1 Acontroller program loop is formed to prevent the controller from using the entered value until the operator signals that the entry is complete 2 Theoperator makes a DATA entry and signals completion of entry 3 Thecontroller reads the value of the entry and continues to the next program step Two methods can be used to exit the program loop depending on the type of output required output value method a single positive digit from 1 to 9 test the entry for non zero value service request a positive integer from 0 to 999999999999 Examples Single digit entries can be made with the program 3t red rims if Hefa OUTPUT COMMANDS EE Line 1 40 The readout of the entry should
51. ect the CRT beam according to the preceding instruction Display instructions and data words are written into memory when the display programming codes are used For ex ample the code PA 500 600 writes into the display memory the instruction code for vector 1026 followed by the x and y data values 500 and 600 This same plot absolute command could just as well been written as a display pro gram by writing 1026 500 600 into the display memory The display program is executed over and over to re fresh the CRT from memory The commands necessary for writing display programs into memory are DA lt display address gt puts the address into the display address register referred to as the current address Display address means display memory address DW l instruction or data write writes the instruction or data word into the current display address DD binary instruction or data write writes the two 8 bit binary words into the current address DR lt display read outputs the contents of the current address on to the HP IB data lines to be read by the HP IB controller Appendix C discusses the syntax of each of these commands in more detail Loading and Reading a lay Progran Instructions and data words are loaded directly into the analyzer s display memory by first specifying the beginning address of the program then writing in the instructions and data serially To write the 1026 500 600 program
52. ecute as if it were a Skp followed by a skc The decrement and skip on zero dsz instruction decrements an internal count register then tests the contents for zero If the contents are not zero the program goes to the next control instruction H the contents equal zero the pro gram will skip the next two addresses then go to the next control instruction For example 1099 1035 1532 1026 causes the program to skip to the control word 1026 if the counter register is zero otherwise it executes the 1035 1532 which is a jump to address 1532 See Count Register below The ancillary control function clear x position clx can be added to any of the program control instructions Another method of causing skips in program execution is in conjunction with the label mode either LB or Ibl These are discussed in the Data Word section following End of Display 1110 9 8 end of display end DIBIDESESEJESETPRERERES 1028 When executed the end of display instruction terminates execution of the display program The next execution of the program will begin at display address zero upon the next display refresh trigger note refersh trigger and sweep trigger are not the same l The end of display instruction bit supercedes all other coding in the instruction except the ancillary function clear x position clx bit 4 which may be added The end instruction will cause a default to graph mode at the beginning of the next program execution if no displ
53. ement speed and capability depends to a large extent on the computing storage and interrupt capabilities of the controller The HP 9825A and HP 9830A B Desktop Computers are used as the computing controllers in this manual The following summarizes the required accessories for three computing controllers Computing Required HP IB Required Suggested Language Controller Interface ROM Modules ROM Modules 9825A 98034A GENERAL VO EXTENDED 1 0 9830A GENERAL VO 9830B 59405A EXTENDED VO The HP 8581A Automatic Spectrum Analyzer is an 8568A 9825A based system which includes a HP 9866B Printer HP 98034A HP IB Interface Card computer cradie system table sample software programs and ali the required accessories l Addressing the Spectrum Analyzer Communications between instruments on the HP IB requires that addresses be assigned The analyzer s address ap pears on the CRT display when the LINE power is turned from STANDBY to ON 1 4 h REF dBm 10 aB RES Bw 3 MHx View 1 MHz SWP 20 mesc Address Readout REMOTE OPERATION f 1 Two formats are available for addressing an HP IB instrument or device One command format uses separate ad dresses for TALKING R and LISTEN 2 The other uses only a device code 18 to designate the recipient of the command The latter format is used when the controller is the HP 9825A Computing Controller with the general VO ROM Examples wrt 7 18
54. er programming codes when controlled by an HP IB Controller HP IB is Hewlett Packard s implementation of IEEE Standard 488 1975 and ANS Standard MC1 1 Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation Notation Conventions lt gt Items enclosed within angular brackets are considered to be elements of the language being defined im is defined as lt A gt B C indicates that lt A gt can be replaced by the series of elements lt B gt C in any statement which lt A gt occurs Square brackets indicate that whatever occurs within the brackets is optional or Indicates a choice of exactly one element from a list e g lt A gt lt B gt indicates lt A gt or lt B gt but not both Definitions listen Controller addresses analyzer to listen talk is Controller addresses analyzer to talk value i A number either fixed or floating point format address The next display memory address to be accessed format 01 02 03 04 the format of data output from the analyzer Data Entry to Analyzer entry value terminator units code entry entry terminator units code lt delimiter gt delimiter lt CR gt lt LF gt lt ETX gt enters Hz dB volts or seconds CR zx 13 4 ASCII carriage return lt LF gt 10 ASCI line feed lt ETX gt 12538 unitscode gt DM DMIDBIHZIKZIMZ GZIMV U
55. he controls not pro grammable INTENSITY FOCUS shift function ALIGN NORMAL FREQ ZERO VIDEO TRIGGER VERNIER BACKSPACE edit key Controls Not Directly Programmable A full listing of those controls that can be remotely operated by a controller can be found with the instrument front panel drawing inside the rear cover Front Panel Control Commands The analyzer responds to a remote front pane command the same way it does to a front panel command In other words the analyzer will behave the same whether the control changes come from the system controller with the analyzer in remote or the operator with the analyzer in local PROGRAMMING HINT When writing a program for operation of the analyzer s front panel controls manually follow the measure ment procedure and note the individual steps taken The same chronological order of these steps can then be used to form the basis of the controller program 2 1 FRONT PANEL REMOTE Controller commands follow the same sequence as in manual operation 1 activate function X 2 change function value if appropriate with a data entry including a terminator i Functions are activated by a two or three character function code A data entry consists of numbers terminated with a units code For example to set the frequency span to 125 3 MHz
56. icates display machine language word see Appendix B 4 10 DISPLAY INPUT COMMANDS LB Examples of Label In the following program the text is positioned on the CRT by a plot abolute command Bi fmt tt oari ior IE A4 kio MEAN 2 wart TIS PU PASG TOO LBYOUR HEHE HT Coe PE th Pici i ELE a IE Ba KSE 2 Lira PLI PR BE PIE LBYOLR UD E K p B fe T wl hee JB EMB Line 1 10 Prepares the display and selects display size D1 Line 2 20 Positions the beginning of the text enables the label mode and outputs the text Line 3 30 40 Ends the label mode g skz STSANS Line 2 Since no label terminator ends the label mode the following program lines are also written on the CRT Lines 3 to 5 Any type of program DISPLAY INPUT COMMANDS GR This final exampie shows how to use the special character set and the DT terminator 1E LBThree 2 wrt PiE PU PH 1 lu it ste Line 4 35 50 The message in the quote field is followed by the codes of the three special characters 219 224 and 251 with space codes between them The label mode is ended with 2 Three special characters are Il gt and 2 T E The graph command enables HP IB input to be plotted as a trace That is amplitude inputs in display units are input starting at the left of the display For each y input x is automatically incremented by one display unit Syntax GR yi Yo Ya Ya gt The GR command instructs the a
57. le entry command EE A com plete discussion of EE is in Chapter 3 Output Commands 2 6 FRONT PANEL REMOTE Learn Mode OL The analyzer is able to output the current instrument state 80 bytes through the HP IB into controller memory The controller can reestablish the instrument state by reading the 80 byte learn string back into the analyzer The process is analogous to the front panel se and secano The command for the learn mode is OL output learn bytes The learn mode requires 1 uninterrupted transfer of all 80 bytes 2 controller ability to transfer 8 bit binary bytes wtb and rdb statements in 9825A The most convenient form of controller memory for storage and recall of the learn bytes is an array To store and recall a single instrument state in an array such as A GE N a DO AD ee i vu 42 x 4 LP Dhu wo Op 118 state changed ee HR ote bs instrument Note that the array A must be transferred with binary read and write statements Line 1 10 Allocates controller memory for a single instrument state Line 2 50 initiates learn mode Lines 3 5 60 90 Reads learn data from analyzer into controller variable A Lines 11 13 115 140 Writes learn data from A into the analyzer reestablishing the original instrument state The first input A 1 prepares the analyzer to accept the new instrument state When storing many instrument states with the learn mode contr
58. mand the marker output commands do not require that the marker be activated at the time the output is made only that the marker is being displayed on the CRT Example 3 MKR 798 000 MHz hp REF 4Q _ATTEN 10 dB 40 90 dam 10 2B CENTER 797 88 MHz SPAN 1 00 MHz RES Bw 10 kHz VBW 12 kHz SWP 30 msec Using the analyzer condition shown above output the marker amplitude and frequency Note that center frequency is the active function and not the marker 3 4 OUTPUT COMMANDS OT t dut ig CHI BEC it wrt Fide HE s CMD ORE 2 red FIGE ENTER Ideo 5 wrt Tiss MA CMD US MR 4 red FLEA CMD FRS Se prt Faf ENTER 130804 PRINT Faf EMI PARAR Na dl RE To ARARE Edd AF E A read statement is used for each output command Serial output commands result in response only to the last command For example with Ha reads only the marker amplitude into variable F Marker frequency will not be read in zero span MF will output the marker position in seconds Output All CRT Annotations OT The output annotations command outputs 32 character strings up to 64 characters long containing all the CRT readouts except readouts input with the label command LB OT Output annotation strings To complete the command all 32 strings must be read by the controller The strings in order of output contain the following information String Readout String Readout 1 BATTERY 17 frequency offset 2 CORR D
59. metic Vailues 3 8 O09 o ss em wo ph A E en ne md e P EA odios du zu n sont Epio i Ede 4 3 GE OE FEE is 4 3 Pen Down IP EY usc Srt nre gare and 4 3 Pen Jp PO o des A 4 3 Plot Absolute MAY eoe dA S64 4 3 Plot Relative PR 0 4 3 4 4 BE exu epar pet die ou EET NG 4 3 Programming Code Summary foldout BREMER EN B 12 Feel dirs aet DEE NEE EG Eed ow Sah DA 4 3 PERD gt AE Recorder Lower Left LL C 4 Recorder Upper Right UR aaau C 6 BEM Lig usse Eu yi REUS Yap dei 1 7 _ Remote Operati0N ta tz BIED RS Bevor raa eis Twy Aes 5 3 S ma Service Request o 5 1 2 9 OO min ande oce tus ees ER a 5 3 Operator Enabled 5 6 3 12 Serial Poling o uda ecu Puta ad Sl Status AV LOS stro aba OR ds 5 2 Service Request Commands AUS Sa su dus Pus cro 5 3 Skip to Next Contro Instruction SV zs asa aeu vane Sox 3 13 Skip to Next Page PS B 12 A uper ede orb EE gn 5 1 EE OE AE ne UR p Ri het 5 2 RV iat Gad S49 IM e EN Sur ula uees B 13 Syntax Summary cun afl a C2 udis T ne EE Ed EE AE as Bue es di Take Sweep TS agaaa aaau aaau 2 8 Trias aer EET 3 1 Trace Memory Pagl A 1 TO Lez LE AT EE ensem phtedus We de 2 8 Ld HANS eroe esr dre ou etd a Pup DE Os 2 4
60. mmand a request for service is made The CRT display will show SRQ 140 Further information on controller service request response for interrupt and interpretation reading status byte can be found in Chapter 5 For example the following statements result in 140 service requests wrt 718 Cf 126 MZ improper function code should be CF 126 MZ wrt 718 CF 126 mZ improper units code should be CF 126 MZ wrt 718 CF r1 MZ improper syntax for variable r1 should be CF r1 MZ REF hp 10 aby START O RES Bw 3 MHz VBW 1i MHz SWP 22 masc 2 9 Chapter 3 This chapter describes the commands which make possible the output of information from the analyzer through the HP IB See Chapter 1 8568A Operation HP publication 08568 90002 for a discussion of the other rear panel outputs The types of information output through the HP IB are summarized below specific CRT display readout OA MF MA 3 3 total trace information TA TB 3 6 specific display memory contents 3 9 also see Appendix B a e tM e HA instrument state learn mode Chapter 2 operator entered DATA values m 4 41 ali display annotation 3 5 EE ENG ARE RR EE as operator enabled service reguest rr none Chapter 5 Command Seguence An output command tells the analyzer to TALK and outputs the value on the HP IB data lines The controller must then LISTEN and prepare to store the value in memory The following example
61. nalyzer to graph the next points input as amplitude coordinates in the trace C display memory The first point y4 will be at the left of the display and successive points will be plotted left to right in the graticule space display size D1 Lines are drawn between successive points Trace C is set to view 4 12 Example DISPLAY INPUT COMMANDS The test limits for an electromagnetic interference test are graphed into trace C using GR The interference signal is input to trace A Subsequent B C exchange and A B A will plot only the out of spec interference signals on the CRT Special annotations are added Line 1 Lines 2 to 7 Line 8 Line 9 Line 10 Lines 11 to 16 Line 15 The results of this test show the amount of radiation over the test limit versus fre quency a LAR 7 Initiates the graph mode The IP set DA to 3072 so the graphing starts at the beginning of trace C Writes the test limit values into the trace C memory Puts the graph data into trace B memory and enables A B A Format so that the CRT numbers will not have digits to the right of the decimal Clears the active function readout HD prepares trace C for input EM clears the display annotation KSo and sets the label terminator to Labels the graticule CR LF ASCII codes 13 and 10 are used to write on the next iine Note the binary write controller statement wtb 4 13 DISPLAY INPUT COMMANDS INPUT RESPONSE TEST LI
62. nce such as for center frequency step and frequency span For example to decrease the resolution bandwidth by a factor of 100 four down steps are required the resoiution bandwidth sequence is 1 3 10 In this example the step command is used to change the center frequency by a preset step size wrt 718 SS 150 MZ Set CF step size to 150 MHz wrt 718 CF UP UP activates center frequency and increases center frequency by 2 steps of 150 MHz DATA Knob Enable EK The DATA knob can be activated for use from the front panel allowing the operator to select a specific value while under program control The code for activating the DATA knob EK enable knob For example if the operator is required to set a marker on a signal response for further analysis by the controller the following statement can be used wrt 718 M2 EK sip activates single marker NORMAL mode enable DATA knob stops the program MKR 258 140 MHz 760 40 dBm REF 0 dBm ATTEM 10 dB T isc i i ee pm EEEE E A I pmi dips 10 dB At execution of this program line the operator moves the marker to the signal with then continues the program with the 9825A ew CENTER BO Mtz RES BW 10 kHz VBW 10 kHz SWP 30 xac Only the DATA knob is enabled upon EK The other DATA controls and function keys are disabled Enabled light is on DATA Keyboard Enable EE Entry of data from the keyboard to the controller is possible with the use of the enab
63. ntered number on the controller s printer Now positive integer values up to 1012 1 can be entered This was illustrated by the following execution of the program bic ED 3 11 OUTPUT COMMANDS Operator Enabled Service Request When the analyzer is operated from the front panel an HP IB controller can be programmed to respond to the service request ser y L_ This allows the analyzer operator to call up a controller and command its attention from the analyzer front panel even if the analyzer was previously unaddressed in the HP IB system Chapter 5 discusses this technique in detail 3 12 Chapter 4 This chapter discusses the commands which allow custom CRT display annotation and graphics The CRT display memories can store graphic and label data that are input by the HP IB controller For example the display may be used to show the test setup block diagram test data in a table or graph instructions or test limits drawn over the graticule This data can be displayed on the CRT alone or with the normal trace and annotation information plot absolute plot relative Graphing functions Inputting a trace input trace B in binary Normally memory allocated to trace C is used to store and display HP IB display input data so that trace A and B can be used in a normal manner However any part of memory may be used for graphics if required Appendix B describes the necessary commands Clearing the
64. o the left All data beyond 1724 is shifted 2 points to the left These instructions will be written over when new trace information is written into trace B 8 8 DISPLAY PROGRAMMING Vector vtr instructions can be used to draw lines on the CRT display The data words each determine whether the data is plotted absolute relative or blanked unblanked pen up pen down The ancillary functions apply to the vector instructions For example a line is to be plotted on the display with plot relative instructions in trace C memory beginning at ad dress 3072 vector vtr 450 absolute 450 0 450 blanked 450 2048 100 relative 1024 100 2048 4 100 relative 100 0 pen down The load program is B 9 Vector and Label vtr and Ibl DISPLAY PROGRAMMING To demonstrate the display instructions a simple block diagram will be drawn and labelled Then the control words will be modified with some of the ancillary functions to demonstrate their use First a graphics plan is drawn 300 0 Relative 0 200 Relative 0 200 Relative 300 300 260 20 Relative Absolute Sa E me o ma mm me ma 300 0 Relative 10 40 Relative 100 0 Relative AC INPUT Graphics Plan The vectors with and signs are relative vectors the others are absolute points Dashed lines are to be blanked vecior absolute x 300 absolute 300 0 lt X y X y X
65. oller memory can be conserved by using a string ar ray to store the values in integer precision PL ER p jes far H 5 M sa ru AR e nt in NE A x A E charra wamo RMEL newt I 1er dis GETE ie dim HEL EE ma TE NET urt Pia PEE Line 16 to 20 saves the instrument state in the string array A Line 25 recall the instrument state from the same string instrument state does not include trace data the states stored in save registers 1 through 7 or some shift function states df FRONT PANEL REMOTE See the HP 9825A Computing Controller string variable programming extended VO and advanced programming manuals for a complete explanation of these statements The controller write and read commands are the binary form This suppresses trailing CH LF so they are not ac cepted as part of the learn string by either analyzer or controller This assures that the correct 8 bits of each of the 80 learn bytes will be transferred The shift functions recorded with the learn mode include frequency offset amplitude offset video averaging excluding the number of samples normal auto triggering Several diagnostic aids are also saved Take Sweep The take sweep command TS insures that the analyzer will start and complete one full sweep before the next com mand is executed Until a sweep is completed the analyzer HP IB will not respond to commands from the bus One TS is required for each trace in the wri
66. on which function is active For example an entry of 10 significant digits to center frequency will be stored in the analyzer s center frequency register if no number is entered a 1 will be assumed Numbers as Variables A data entry can be a controller variable as long as the format and individual controller statement syntax rules are followed For example this program changes the center frequency in 100 MHz steps from 100 MHz to 1200 MHz so Git ZARE wait statementiis for viewing convenience FRONT PANEL REMOTE The variable F substitutes for the data entry number The format f 0 c z ensures that all digits of the variable F will be output from the controller with the leading spaces suppressed and no CR LF s to prematurely terminate the entry See FORMAT PRECAUTIONS below Terminating the Data Entry The units code is the most common data entry terminator It sets the value units and enters the function value Frequency Code Power Code Power Code Voltage Code Hz MV SC kHz dBm DM UV msec MS MHz ASec US Unit Codes Other ASCII codes than the units codes can be used to terminate a data entry bol decimal equivalent symn o ASCII 44 13 10 59 3 ASCH Codes Which Terminate a Numeric Data Entry comma carriage return line feed semi colon end of text These non unit code terminators originate in the controller s language A terminated entry without a
67. ormat address DR talk listen DT lt 8 bit binary byte gt lt listen 2 address gt DW entry lt display size z D1 D2 D3 G2 RF input attenuator Clear write trace A Max hold trace A View trace A Blank trace A B DL B Clear write trace B Max hold trace B View trace B Blank trace B Couples RF input attenuator Center frequency Couples resolution bandwidth Couples center frequency step size Couples sweep time Couples video bandwidth A B off A B A on Sets display memory address Writes two 8 bit binary bytes O4 format into display address selected Enables display line and places it at the value level entered DATA step down Outputs the contents of designated display address onto the HP IB data lines The contents are formatted Each DR in crements display address by 1 Establishes a character in addition to lt ETX gt to terminate a label LB entry or a title KSE entry The character will not be stored in display memory when used in a label Writes the value into the display address specified Each value written increments address by one Sets the display size for CRT graphics SYNTAX SUMMARY listen EE listen EK listen EM listen EX listen E1 listen EP listen E3 listen E4 listen FA entry lt step gt listen FB entry step listen FS listen
68. orner of the graticule 0 0 The values represent position in CRT display units See Chapter 4 and Appendix A 2 Negative values in theO1 output format are represented by the 12 bit two s complement of the negative number that is 4096 negative value For example a 300 value would be output as 4096 300 3796 3 Analyzer machine language programming is discussed in Appendix B 4 TheO4output byte is composed of bits from the two bytes of the O2 output as follows 0000XXXX XXXXXXXX 02 YN IIL XXXXXXXX O4 In O1 andO3 formats only the exact number of characters to be output is transmitted that is a variable length string Each item is ended by a CR LF ASCII 13 and 10 An HP IB end or identify EO accompanies the last LF 3 2 OUTPUT COMMANDS OA Controller Formats it is essential when reading data from the analyzer that the format of the controller be compatible with the output for mat of the analyzer Analyzer Format Controller Format Requirements 9825A 9830A free field O fmt f 10 FORMAT field size dependent on function Q fmt 10 ENTER 13 output use free field format 3 rdb 718 A 20 RBYTE 13 A 4 tdb 718 B 30 RBYTE 13 B 30 RBYTE 13 A Output of CRT D Any value that can 1 be read out on the CRT display and 2 be entered from the DATA controls can be output to the controller Three types of commands call for these outputs e Output the active function val
69. r Output Formats aaau aaa 3 2 o ose deca SERE s5 3 5 A 2 MT EE Character FOSIDOTIIISS ac ebat Postes S 4 7 o Usar inu recie ERE AER 4 8 Character Set ooooo o 4 10 Clearing DiSplay o 4 1 Command Sequence 24 Computing Controller aan d Consolidated Coding B 19 Control isle DIE eec Rr e 8 4 Controls Not Programmable 20 Controller FormatS 3 3 Controller Interrupt 5 3 y E dB DB dBm DM 3 Lose tes LIA see Units dBmV MV dBuV DU DA ALLERS ac ESE ES ayes aed B 1 Display AMI uc sa Ly eR ages ae aux ds A 1 B 1 Annotations scu ass qoo P AERE A 2 Aspect Halo ses ri hen hoe xs 4 3 ea d os et i tun CERA AY dad 4 1 Gralleule cuo amc dete PU RES Y aA A 2 MEMO Uc side PEE eke ME ee he A 1 ODIBUE OD a sea Re 3 3 9 5 di MES ded Coto AA Programie uir Late RE s demo eer C B 1 Trace Data Transfer A 4 Display Address DA A 1 Display InstructionsS t 8 1 Display Memory Structure A Display Programming B 1 Display Read DR 3 9 Display Size D1 D2 D3G 42 Display HAAS ay cad ET DT 4 2 Display Write DW sie sr sad EER EER ER B 1 DS Mii eas Sedes cadi tr B 1 ip JPN EM O EET B 1 DT ob ota us valde iuc EE X tas 4 6 Di Da No eiue d dto mg deest t 4 2 E EE ee i NETE E E T EE 3 10 2 6 MAA EES ME A MERS 2 6 2
70. rvice request enabled ii grt Fibs 4 zi Oni vp int ADU 3 gir ov zl t E any program Line 1 All but the end of sweep SRQ s are enabled R1 cleans out former SRQ commands Line 2 The Interpret SRQ subroutine will be executed when an SRQ occurs Line 3 The controller s interrupt capability is enabled and the program continues Lines 12 19 interrupt subroutine Line 13 The status byte is read into S and the SRQ line is cleared Lines 14 16 The octal status byte is compared to each analyzer SRQ code If true the name is printed on the printer Line 17 RA the units key SRQ is re enabled Line 18 19 The interrupt capability is re enabled and the mainline program is continued 5 4 SERVICE REQUESTS In the following program data is recorded only when the first sweep ends This ensures that the test data is complete Line 2 Lines 10 18 Line 11 Line 17 x any program pde bed Re Het Jewel ee frends Lfd data output subroutine Bao foals The end of sweep SRQ is enabled Record data subroutine called when the sweep ends Reads the status byte and clears the SRQ tine End of sweep SRQ is cleared by R1 and SRQ will not be called at the next end of sweep The same R2 command can be used to ensure the marker is placed before data is output in the program The following program uses R4 to allow a data entry into the controller from the analyzer DATA keyboard Such an en try allows branching to other programs
71. s See Appendix A Display Memory Struc ture These values are output in left to right CRT sequential order by the commands TA output trace A TB output trace B Even though the trace amplitudes are stored in the display memory as display unit amplitude they can be output in any of the four output formats an OUTPUT COMMANDS TA TB Example E SPAM 2 RES BW 30 kHz VEN 300 Hz SW 750 maer CENTER 199 5 Si MHz To store the above trace in the array A 1001 the following program would be run e i E T is di f i il ui dj ed Be n TA hu ar Mei to teed d red yl HEM e next N Line 1 set up storage for 1001 trace points Line 2 sets format and commands trace A output Lines 3 5 sequentially reads all 1001 trace points into A N A printout of every one hundredth point reads in display units trace amplitude in display units 3 7 OUTPUT COMMANDS A B Changing the output format to O3 and rerunning the same program will change the array to read in units of power trace amplitude in dBm GLA UE IF TMT OMe Dookie De 5 meet H PB RETE 38 BEM LE Ki 1 dino X i lt Lee Line 5 50 reads every point but stores only every tenth value When transferring less than 1001 points of trace data the output mode is most efficiently terminated with the DATA HOLD command HD Output of Trace Arithmetic Values A B A and B DL B result in new trace values being placed in memory
72. since this is translated from bit 6 the universal HP IB service request bit The decimal equivalent is 1 x 8 4x 8 0x 8 96 More than one service request can be output at the same time For example if an illegal analyzer command and an end of sweep occurred at the same time SRO 144 would appear bit number T 6 5 4 8 2 4 0 status byte 1 1 0 9 1 2 9 SRQ 144 The octal equivalent is based upon whole number 001190900 binary 1x29 1x26 96 decimal However one simple way to determine its octal equivalent is to partition the binary number 3 bits at a time from the least significant and treat each section as a binary number alone Thus binary g 100 000 M a M octal 1 SERVICE REQUESTS R1 R2 R3 R4 service Request Cor Except for the illegal command service request SRQ 140 requests for service will not occur unless the appropriate activating command has been given SRQ 140 only illegal command SRO 140 SRQ 104 end of sweep SRQ 140 SRQ 110 hardware broken SRO 140 R1 or pressing SRQ 102 units key pressed units key Commands R2 R3 and R4 may be activated simultaneously allowing all the SRQ s R4 must be re enabled after its use or whenever any SRQ is cleared R2 and R3 remain enabled until disabled by R1 in other words R1 is used to disable service request commands except SRQ 140 An instrument preset enables R3 R2 also causes an SRQ at the end
73. state or writing data into the display memory Service requests place the HP IB SRQ line true When a request for service is being made the CRT display reads out SRQ with a number NOTE If the CRT display annotation has been blanked the service request notation will not appear hp 10 eB mg i CENTER 2900 0 MHz SPAN 10 0 Mhz RES BW 1009 kHz VBW 39 kHz SWP 20 msec Display During A Service Request Whether or not the SRO message is displayed during a request for service the HP IB service request line SRO is pulled true announcing to the HP IB controller that the analyzer requires attention The analyzer sends a status byte on the bus which can be interpreted by the controller NOTE HP IB controller must use a serial polling technique to test for service requests The analyzer will not res pond to HP IB parallel polling 5 1 SERVICE REQUESTS Unused nee Units key pressed SRQ 102 End of sweep SRQ 104 Hardware broken SRO 110 Unused illegal analyzer command SRQ 140 Universal HP IB service request HP IB ROS Bit Unused The CRT SRO number is an octal number based upon the status byte s binary value For example the status for an il legal analyzer command is bit number 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 status byte Q 1 1 Q 9 9 What appears on the CRT display is the octal equivalent of the status byte s binary number SRQ 140 The octal number will always begin with a 1
74. te mode TS triggers a new sweep when the TRIGGER conditions are met The FUNCTION MARKER TRACE COUPLED FUNCTION commands and a number of the shift functions require one complete sweep to update the display and trace memory This is important for the output of measurement data either on the CRT display or through the HP IB See Chapter 3 for output command use of TS For example after a specific set of instructions a viewed trace A is desired so the following is executed wrt718 IP CF12 265MZ SP1000Hz A3 instrument preset center frequency frequency span view in trace A This command sequence allows insufficient time for a full sweep between setting the span and activating the trace view mode so only the full span which was set by the instrument preset is shown in the viewed trace A RES BW 10 Hz VEW 10 Hz Sw 30 sec 2 8 FRONT PANEL REMOTE A take sweep command should be inserted before the view command calling for one complete sweep before execu tion of A3 wrt 718 IP CF 12 265MZ SP 1000 HZ TS A3 hn 10 dB CENTER 1 RES BW 10 Hz VBW 12 Hz SWP 30 sae Since the marker is repositioned at the end of each sweep when the marker is on a Ts guarantees that the marker will be on the trace current response before the analyzer TALKS This is important for outputting the correct marker amplitude and freguency information through the HP IB service Request When the analyzer is not able to interpret a co
75. te the way in which data is input to and output from the trace page This section describes each TRACE function in terms of the interactions of the analyzer response trace page and CRT display The events are listed in chronological order starting from when the trace function is activated In each case the analyzer accepts the function command immediately Clear Write 1 Sweep is stopped 2 Zerois written into each trace address and displayed on the CRT in one refresh 3 On the next trigger the sweep is started from the start frequency CRT display left and the amplitudes are written into memory ANALYZER CRT RESPONSE DISPLAY REFRESH Max Hold 1 Sweepis stopped but restarts from the left on the next trigger 2 During each subsequent refresh the amplitude stored at each trace memory address is compared to the corresponding analyzer response The largest of the two will be stored at the trace address ANALYZER AMPLITUDE EK CRT ARATOR f RESPONSE COMP REFRESH DISPLAY CLOSED IF RESPONSE gt AMPLITUDE STORED View 1 The sweep is stopped and the trace is displayed on the CRT ANALYZER Y o c CRT RESPONSE DISPLAY REFRESH A 4 DISPLAY MEMORY Blank 1 Thesweepis stopped and the trace is not displayed ANALYZER RESPONSE P gp CRT DISPLAY NO REFRESH Exchange A and B 1 The sweep is stopped If either trace is in a WRITE mode it is placed in view 2 Thecontents of traces A and
76. truction skc 1027 skip to next memory page skp 1056 decrement and skip on zero dsz 1099 The address to be jumped to is the contents of the memory word following the jmp or jsb instruction For example 1035 2048 causes program execution to jump to address 2048 The address given should contain a control instruc tion that is an instruction whose three most significant bits are O 1 0 If the address does not contain a control instruc tion the program will go to the first control instruction following the specified address A return ret causes the pro gram executi n to return to the first control instruction following the jsb instruction which sent it to the subroutine NOTE Subroutines must not contain label or graph control words A subroutine may not call another subroutine 1 The display size commands combine these size instructions as follows Di D2 exs bex and exs bex origin shifted no yes yes no 2 The intensity of the beam is also dependent upon line length Lines longer than a preset length will be brighter because beam writing rate is slowed B 4 DISPLAY PROGRAMMING The skip to next control instruction skc causes program execution to go to the next control instruction in memory The skip to next page skp instruction causes program execution to go to the next address which is an integer multiple of 1024 An instruction which combines skp and skc 1056 3 1059 will ex
77. ue OA M Output the marker amplitude MA or the marker frequency MF o Output the entire CRT readout as strings OT Output Active Function OA After a function is activated by either the operator or the controller its present value can be output OA output active function value The value unit format O3 is automatically selected with an output active function command COUPLED FUNCTIONS output using OA are left in MANUAL Examples best illustrate the use of OA The center frequency is stored in F and printed in the value unit Hz GR ft ABa IP CFi234H2 When run the 9825A printer outputs ic caBBgagao The spaces used within the quote field are for clarity and may be omitted They will be ignored by the analyzer 3 3 OUTPUT COMMANDS MF MA The sweep time in seconds is stored in T and printed Urt lox el ais DNO The 9825A printer outputs l 5 The video averaging sample size is stored in V and printed da fnt i8 KS CR MEd Pig IP KSG OR zu zs red des N 3B prt oW a E El The controller printer outputs the 100 sample limit size 1 fm Marker Amplitude and Frequency Outputs MA MF Whenever the markers are displayed their amplitude and frequency absolute or differential can be output MF marker frequency output MA marker amplitude output The outputs can be formatted in amplitude and frequency units O3 decimal display units O1 or a binary output of display units O2 or O4 Unlike the OA com
78. units code defaults to the fundamental units for the function activated The default units of power depend upon the amplitude readout units selected Frequency Hz Power x dBm dBmV dBuV or dB Voltage Volts Time seconds Defauit Units For example wrt 718 CF 1200 lt CRILF results in setting the center frequency to 1200 Hz Either 10 0 DM 10 0 DM or 10 0 DM results in a negative entry sy Execution of the HP 9825A Computing Controller wrt statement calls for a CR LF as shown lt gt indicates a transmitted message that does not appear as program text 2 4 FRONT PANEL REMOTE wrt 718 KSB RL30 CRILF The reference level will be set to 30 dBmV since those are the amplitude units selected by the code KSB If the unit used as a terminator is not correct for the activated function the analyzer will select the unit that fits from the chosen unit s group Unit groups are those written on the DATA keyboard s units keys GHz MHz kHz Hz dBm dBm mV uv AB sec msec psec Unit Groups For example wrt 718 RL 22 DB will enter 22 dBm to the reference level FORMAT PRECAUTIONS The controller s numeric output to the analyzer must be formatted such that the values are 1 not truncated 2 not terminated by a CR LF before the units code can be transferred Either fixed or floating point formats can be used although the above conditions are more readily met in fixed point Generally
79. ut to the Display vnc GELEE euo HE DES Ra rer a DR ENE EER ka ARA o usa tes 4 1 Clearing the DIBDIAV s o pex d KERKE KEER Ig Noe x DR On ERO D OU Pale ge ORO ROEM Pt ee E b BE ets 4 1 Sweeping Without a Trace DISDIBy sr EER I A dE Ra EUR d OP god s PELE Sil ee Rod eA od de 4 1 CRT Display Reference Coordinates a uso et uec iC o x ema AA demere as bleed DR a 4 2 Plor Commands PA and PR oh tc pastas RED e dag hark SEEN EC ord ii Y boa ea EA ber SEA aote del ER 4 3 abel Command BB uo O EIE EE 4 6 Graph Command GB 22 es ss guanti ilies Jad oT DERS RE B d EC angor A sd d etna Lu poss 4 12 input race BIB rr KOR EE seta eens ME Eee SASL TEIT MA OE oe REA hs 4 15 5 Service Requests NE EERLOSE SEE 5 1 Status Byte Definition lt lt lt lt OE ME AN DA ENDE 5 2 Service Request Commands R1R2R3RA ies EE RENE EER ee ee eee eet rers 53 Controller interrupt with Service ROQUES go ved a mete sie Ra ht DE RR E SN Ree an eo EORR RN 5 3 Service Request from the Front Panel 4 scores ase e EER AAN oe er oe p oh ERR s 5 6 Appendices Page A Display Memory Structure i s ses heard ER ED E NER EA y ela VEER EV EER Sas DE QURE AS A 1 LES AO ORAAL IE ER EEN Beas OE Rd DA O ON HET A 1 An otalon and Grali6uleu cxx s deu Rad LIAC a URS VR RE MARE A THE ed de RP Ea eee ES A2 D ta transfora o weet ec hh eh ep OE ONE PIDE TES AA B Advanced Display Programming 2 60 e hen B 1 Display Program oe cor ehe ovatae vae IE d
80. wo characters are labelled into the character space they will be superimposed over one another Ascender Limit Character Boundary except for p ll hand co Base Line Descender Limit 8 Reference Distance from References are in Display Units Single Character Space 4 8 DISPLAY INPUT COMMANDS LB Example To begin labeling text six characters up from the bottom and 24 characters from the left in any display size the plot absolute vector values are calculated x character spaces 16 8 24 16 8 376 y character spaces 32 16 6 32 16 176 PU PA 376 176 LB text The first character of text will be positioned as shown NWP ODN OO OC 24 Character Spaces Lower Left Display 152 312 376 Units at Center x may be changed as much as 7 units and y as much as 15 units before the text will begin at the next x and y character In other words the label positioning statements PA 376 176 LB text and PA383 191 LB text will place the text in the same character spaces 4 9 DISPLAY INPUT COMMANDS LB Character Set The character set for the label command is the same as the ASCII set There are 86 additional characters available j 128 sa A ise Z aay vw 2 Gupi 32 sP e SE 2 2 j i 33 ec A si a s 151 K i33 a zm cx a Hf sc B a b 62 i f zm B 3 ds d X ar EE 5g c i iE x iss E a X y ld
81. x X 0101023 ra TeIx xIxIxIxIx x x1x X 2048 to 3071 X 3072 to 4095 The use of these data word formats depend entirely upon the type of instruction word preceding Graph Each data word following a graph instruction is interpreted as a y position Y position values follow the general rule as shown below 11 10 4 3 9 8 7T 6 5 2 1 0 positive data displayed X Oto 1023 y position positive data blanked X 2048 y position negative data blanked 1 11IxIxIxIxIx x x x xj x 4096 y magnitude a two s complement value With negative data the CRT beam goes to y 0 Note that negative data can result from the trace arithmetic func tions A B A and B DL B B 6 DISPLAY PROGRAMMING Vector Data words following a vector vtr instruction are interpreted as x y pairs The data value determines whether the vector is blanked or displayed absolute or relative The x position data sets the absolute relative ancillary function and the y position data sets the blank unblank ancillary function 11 10 9 x position ESCHESERERPS ERES Para y position gjejx xi xix x x x x x x x position 2048 vector is relative both x and y are relative x position 0 vector is absolute both x and y are absolute y position 2048 vector is blanked pen up y position 0 vector is displayed pen down when o TO m m HOH q O EO mk Negative values for the plot relative x and y positions are entered
82. y gt lt step gt listen gt M3 lt entry gt lt step gt listen M4 lt entry gt lt step gt listen format gt OA talk saving instrument state listen OL talk 2 80 8 bit binary bytes gt recalling instrument states listen gt same 80 bytes gt listen OT talk 32 strings gt listen O1 listen 02 listen O3 listen O4 SYNTAX SUMMARY Signal track off Signal track on Marker off Enables single marker MARKER normal mode Marker moves to frequency posi tion of entry value in Hz Entry must be positive Enables second marker Second marker moves to differential frequency position of entry value in Hz Entry may be positive or negative Enables marker zoom Marker moves to frequency position of entry value in Hz Step up or down changes span Outputs the active function value Outputs coded instrument State information into the 80 binary variables Recalls the instrument state The first byte transferred to the analyzer establishes the recall mode Outputs all CRT annotation as strings Strings are from 9 null to 64 characters long Each string terminated with a CH lt LF gt Last string terminated with an EOI upon LF Output Formats ASCII number in display units Two 8 bit binary bytes ASCII number in parameter or instrument units One 8 bit binary byte The two bytes form a single entry as follows

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